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Oft  WEEKLY  *lHM.l«m0W    -     -     -     - 


uews  -  spo&ts  *  social  -  ;      ^wcwtUZj 


V«iC  • — m 


Vol.  1,  No.  1 


NOVEMBER  15,  1935 


Five  Cents 


NEW    SHANGHAI    CRISIS 


BULLETS  END  WAR  LORD'S  CAREER 

IHLT  "I'll  kill  you  to  remember  my  father"  And  with  these 

"ALt  words  a  comely  Chinese  maid  emptied  her  pistol  at 
Marshall  Sun  Chuan-Fang,  well  known  retired  War 
Lord  of   China. 

The   fifty-year-old   Marshal    had  barely   entered  the 
beautiful,    historic    Tientsin    Buddhist    Temple    when 
neatly   dressed   Sze   Shee   arose    from    her    position   of 
prayer   to    shoot   the   surprised   War    Lord.    She    then 
*Y1|I      calmly  surrendered  herself  to  the  police.  Eye-witnesses 
I    1 1     believed   that  she  could  have  escaped  after  the  shoot- 
ing had  she  wanted  to,   for  nearly  everyone  near  the 
scene  was  running  away  in  all  directions,  and  the  po- 
lice did  not   arrive   until  several  minutes  after  the   shooting. 

Sze  Shee  is  the  daughter  of  the  late  General  Sze  Chung-pin, 
said  to  have  been  executed  a  few  years  ago  by  order  of  the 
dead  Marshal.  General  Sze  Chung-pin  was  one  of  several 
northern  generals  who  opposed  the  non-parliamentary  tactics 
of  the  Marshal. 

Marshal    Sun    was    once    a    powerful    factor    in   the    internal 
strife   of   China  nearly    a   decade   ago.   A   former   Governor   of 
Chekiang,   he  became  Military  Governor  of  Fukien  and  finally, 
War   Lord    of   nearly   all   of   the   southern   half   of  China.   The 
only    group   that   opposed   him   in   the  southern    region  at  that 
time   was  the   Kwangtung  Government.  These  Cantonese   rivals 
had    no    respect   for    a    northern    dictator   and   resisted    all    his 
overtures  for  consolidation.  In   1926  he   started  a  gigantic  con- 
certed   attack    on   Kwangtung,    but    this    invasion    came    to    an 
inglorious  end  when    his   subordinates   deserted    him. 
Retired  from  active  military  life,  he   is  said  to  have  amassed 
a  huge  fortune   in   the   form  of  foreign  stacks  and  bonds  and 
gold  certificates.  Reports  are  current  that  he   is  very  friendly  to 
the  Japanese  and  that  they  are  depending  on  him  to  lead  in  an 
"independent"     movement     in    northern     China     this     coming 
Spring. 

Reports  also  stated  that  the  real  motive  of  the  shooting  was 
because  of  his  pro-Japanese  attitude,  and  that  Sze  Shee  was 
chosen   to   do   the  shooting    in  order    to   prevent   any   Japanese 

complication.    Friends    of    the    Marshal    denied    these    reports, 
stating   that  the  Marshal  had  led  a   simple  life   of  comparative 
poverty  since  retirement. 


By  TSU  PAN 

The  City  of  Shanghai  is  again  in  a  state  of  turmoil 
as  Japanese  troops  rush  into  Chapei,  native  Chinese 
quarters,  to  seek  revenge  for  an  alleged  murder  of  a 
Japanese  marine  by  Chinese. 

The  Mayor  of  Shanghai,  General  Wu  Teh-chen, 
was  warned  that  unless  thorough  investigation  of  the 
case  yields  satisfactory  results,  the  Japanese  authorities 
will  take  "free  action".  In  answer  to  the  protest,  Gen- 
eral Tsai  Chin  Chun,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Public 
Safety  in  Shanghai,  assured  the  Japanese  of  his  fullest 
cooperation  in  tracking  down  the  assailant. 

The  Japanese  alleged  that  the  killing  was  premedi- 
tated, based  upon  a  report  that  large  numbers  of  plain- 
clothed  Chinese  soldiers  are  concentrating  in  the 
Shanghai  demilitarized  zone  lately.  Neutral  observers, 
however,  tend  to  doubt  the  truth  of  such  a  statement. 

There  has  been  no  motive  attributed  to  the  Chinese 
government  which  would  cause  their  murdering  an 
ordinary  Japanese  marine.  Furthermore,  empty  cart- 
ridges discovered  near  the  scene  of  the  murder  proved 
to  be  of  Japanese  make.  It  is  therefore  believed  by 
many  that  the  murder  was  committed  by  a  fellow  coun- 
tryman of  the  dead  man,  and  not  by  a  Chinese. 

The  incident  resembles  very  much  that  of  the 
Kuramoto  case  in  1934.  Kuramoto  was  the  vice  consul 
of  the  Japanese  consulate  general  in  Nanking.  His 
sudden'  disappearance  led  the  Japanese  authorities  to 
believe  that  he  was  killed  by  Chinese  soldiers.  Severe 
protests  were  lodged  against  the  Nanking  government, 
and  guns  from  Japanese  battleships  on  the  Yangtze 
River  were  trained  on  the  Chinese  capital.  When  the 
exchange  of  diplomatic  verbiage  was  brought  to  a  close, 
Kuramoto  was  found  alive  in  a  stone  cave  in  the  Purple 
Mountain  near  Nanking.  Domestic  troubles  had  so  de- 
ranged this  Japanese  diplomat's  mentality  that  he  had 
elected  to  seclude  himself  from  world  affairs  by  going 
into  the  mountains,  perhaps  to  starve  to  death.  Kindly 
Chinese  farmers  had  cared  for  him  meanwhile. 

The  recent  attempted  assassination  of  Premier 
Wang  Ching-wei  and  the  announcement  of  a  new  mone- 
tary policy  by  the  Nanking  government  have   created 

(Continued  on  Page   2) 


Page  2 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November   15,    1935 


Japan 


CHAO-CHIN  HUANG 
Chinese   Consul  General 


November  13,  1935. 

Mr.   Thomas   Chinn, 
The  Chinese  Digest, 
868  Washington  Street, 
San   Francisco,  California. 

Dear  Mr.  Chinn: 

I  hasten  to  congratulate  you 
upon  the  birth  of  your  publication, 
the  CHINESE  DIGEST.  It  has 
long  been  felt  that  a  publication 
in  the  English  language  by  Chinese 
residents  here  will  serve  many  use- 
ful purposes.  It  brings  a  better 
understanding  among  the  Chinese 
and  American  people  and  it  also 
serves  as  a  means  to  fortify  the 
knowledge  of  the  Chinese  younger 
generation  with  information  about 
their  mother  country.  Your  pub- 
lication appears  in  good  time,  and 
I  do  not  hesitate  to  endorse  your 
pursuit. 

With  best  wishes, 

Very  truly   yours, 
C.  C  HUANG, 
CHAO-CHIN  HUANG, 
Consul-General  of  China. 
CCH:L 


He  who  knows  others  is  clever,  but 
he  who  knows  himself  is  enlightened. 
— Lao-Tzu. 


All  indications  are  that  Japan  is  being 
groomed  to  support  another  army  inva- 
sion into  China  in  the  near  future.  The 
press  is  suppressed  until  the  time  is  ripe. 
The  Japanese  are  formula-minded  and 
their  method  of  procedure  in  the  imper- 
ialism game  seems  to  follow  along  this 
line: 

1.  Selection  of  a  suitable  time  for  in- 
vading China,  when  Europe  and 
America  are  busy  with  other  im- 
portant matters. 

2.  Charging  China  with  mis- rule  or 
insincerity,  thereby  stirring  up 
anti-Japanese  feeling   in  China. 

3.  Arranging  a  suitable  pretext,  such 
as  the  shooting  or  disappearance 
of  a  Japanese  soldier  in  civilian 
garb. 

4.  Imposition  of  drastic  demands  on 
China,  and  the  invasion  of  China 
whether  or  not  these  demands  are 
fulfilled. 

5.  Creation  of  a  neutral  zone,  follow- 
ed by  independent  movement  and 
the  setting   up  of  puppet  rule. 

International  observers  are  of  the  opin- 
ion that  Japan  has  progressed  to  the 
third  step  and  is  awaiting  for  the  inevit- 
able invasion.  The  only  two  alternatives 
would  be  Chinas  advanced  kowtow  or 
concerted  action  on  the  part  of  the  rest 
of  the   world. 


Macao    Base    for 
China   Clipper 

The  China  Clipper  will  not  land  in 
China  proper  exactly,  but  in  one  of 
China's  former  beauty  spots,  notorious 
Macao.  This  is  not  because  the  Chinese 
do  not  desire  to  have  the  Clipper  land  in 
Canton,  but  because  hints  from  Japan 
are  that  if  the  Clipper  is  permitted  to 
land  in  Canton,  Japanese  butterflies  will 
hereafter  have  the  right  to  land  in  any 
part  of  China  they  desire. 

•  • 

CHINESE  ALUMNI  MEETS 

An  informal  luncheon  was  held  last 
Friday  at  the  Far  East  Cafe  by  a  number 
of  workers  to  hear  Dr.  Robert  Sibley  pro- 
pose the  organizing  of  a  Chinese  Chapter 
for  the  California  Alumni  Association. 
Such  a  chapter  will  be  of  immense  value 
to  the  Chinese  students,  said  Mr.  Sibley. 
A  third  of  the  membership  fee  will  be  re- 
turned to  the  chapter  to  aid  in  improv- 
ing the  Chinese  students'  club  house,  or 
for  other  local  needs. 


MAYOR  ANGELO  J.  ROSSI 


San  Francisco,  California 
November,   14,  1935 

Thomas  Chinn,  Editor, 
The  CHINESE  DIGEST, 
868  Washington  St., 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 

My  Dear  Mr.  Chinn: 

Permit  me  to  extend  felicita- 
tions on  the  occasion  of  the  issuance 
of  the  first  number  of  the  CHI- 
NESE DIGEST  and  wish  for  both 
it  and  you  a  long,  prosperous  and 
successful  career. 

Sincerely, 

Angelo  J.   Rossi. 


NEW  SHANGHAI  CRISIS 

(Continued  from  Page  1  ) 
useasiness  in  Japanese  political  circles. 
While  the  world's  attention  is  centered  on 
African  affairs,  Japan  has  evidenriy 
thought  it  an  opportune  time  to  oring 
new  pressure  on  China.  A  report  from 
Tokyo  stated  that  Vice-Admiral  Hvnku- 
taka  had  ordered  the  gunboat  At.ilc.i  to 
proceed  immediately  to  Shanghai  to  re- 
inforce the  Japanese  land  forces  already 
there.  In  the  meantime,  Chinese  in 
large  numbers  have  deserted  the  Chapei 
secton  and  rushed  to  the  bordering  Inter- 
national  Settlement   for  safety. 

Good-will  subdues  its  opposite, 
water  fire. — Mencius. 


November   15,  1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  3 


FAR     EAST 


Newshawk  Attempts  Life 
of  Chinese  Premier 

An  attempt  on  the  life  of  Wang 
Ching  Wei,  Premier  of  China,  was  un- 
successful as  the  would-be  assassin  fired 
three  bullets  into  his  body  on  Nov.  1. 
Three  other  government  officials  were 
wounded. 

A  group  of  newshawks  and  camera- 
men were  gathered  in  front  of  the  Kuo- 
mintang  Headquarters,  Nanking,  appar- 
ently waiting  for  news  from  the  prelim- 
inary meeting  of  the  Central  Executive 
Committee  which  was  then  in  session. 
Wang,  unaware  of  his  fate,  emerged  with 
many  other  important  government 
officials  from  the  front  door  of  the 
headquarters  after  the  session  where  Sun 
Feng  Ming,  a  reporter  for  a  local  paper, 
Chen  Kwong  Pao,  produced  a  pistol  from 
his  camera  box  and  shot  them.  Three 
bullets  took  effect,  on  Wang,  one  in  the 
cheek,  one  in  the  waist  and  one  in  the 
back.  Tseng  Chung  Ming,  vice-minister 
of  railways,  Kan  Nai  Kwong,  vice-min- 
ister of  the  interior,  and  Chang  Chi, 
vice  president  of  the  Judicial  Yuan  were 
standing  close  to  Wang  and  were  also 
wounded. 

Chang   Hsueh  Liang  a  Hero 

Chang  Hsueh  Liang,  governor  of  the 
three  eastern  provinces  at  the  time  of  the 
Japanese  invasion,  played  a  heroic  part 
on  that  day.  It  was  due  to  his  alertness 
the  would-be  assassin  was  disarmed;  he 
kicked  the  gun  from  his  hand.  Another 
conspirator  approached  Chang  with  a 
dagger  but  was  knocked  out  by  Chang's 
guard. 

The  assassin  and  eleven  suspects  were 
arrested.  Martial  law  was  immediately 
declared    in   the  metropolitan  area. 

It  was  learned  that  the  motive  behind 
the  plot  was  due  to  dissension  against 
Wang's   yielding   attitude    toward    Japan. 

The  bullets  were  removed  from 
Wang's  body  in  the  Central  Hospital  in 
Nanking  and  it  is  reported  that  Wang's 
life  is   not  in  danger. 

•  • 

SILVER  TO 
GOVERNMENT 

Acting  Premier  and  Finance  Minister 
Dr.  H.  H.  Kung  demanded  of  all  Chi- 
nese to  turn  in  their  silver  to  the  gov- 
i  ernment  bank  for  paper  money,  thereby 
j  controlling  the  white  metal.  This  is 
necessitated  by  the  Roosevelt  administra- 
tion jacking  up  the  price  of  silver  in  the 
belief  that  it  will  enable  China  to  buy 
more  from  the  United  States.  Not  only 
did  it  have  the  opposite  effect,  but  it  re- 
sulted in  greater  hardship  on  the  part  of 
the   Chinese. 


China  Off  Silver 
Standard 


By  Tsu  Pan 

A  drastic  monetary  reform  was  insti- 
tuted by  the  National  Government  of 
China  on  November  3.  A  decree  was 
issued  whereby  all  silver  in  China  is  to  be 
nationalized  and  the  holders  are  required 
to  change  the  metal  for  legal  tender 
notes.  The  program  includes  the  follow- 
ing four  points:  (1)  nationalization  of 
silver,  (2)  restriction  of  bank  note  issues 
to  three  government  owned  banks,  (3) 
stabilizing  the  Chinese  dollar  at  the 
present  rate  of  exchange,  and  (4) 
legalizing  payment  of  debts  in  terms  of 
silver  by  bank  notes. 

The  three  government  owned  banks 
mentioned  are  the  Central  Bank  of 
China,  the  Bank  of  China,  and  the 
Bank  of  Communications.  During  the 
last  few  months,  the  Central  Bank  of 
China  has  gradually  bought  out  the 
bank  note  issues  of  several  smaller  banks 
intending  to  consolidate  reserves,  thus 
paving  the  way  for  monetary  control. 
Stabilize  Dollar 

For  the  purpose  of  stabilizing  the 
Chinese  dollar,  the  Chinese  government 
banks  have  accumulated  large  sums  of 
money  in  foreign  financial  centers  and 
will  buy  and  sell  foreign  exchanges  in 
unlimited   quantities. 

The  nationalization  of  silver  signifies 
the  abandonment  of  the  silver  standard. 
The  sudden  announcement  of  the  policy 
has  commanded  world-wide  attention, 
both  politically  and  financially.  Well 
informed  quarters  explained  the  Chinese 
move  as  being  precipitated  by  the 
American  silver  buying  policy.  Ever 
since  the  passage  of  the  silver  purchase 
act  in  the  United  States  Senate  in  June, 
1934,  large  quantities  of  silver  flowed 
from  China  into  the  United  States.  As 
the  drain  of  metal  put  a  deflationary 
effect  n  China,  the  Chinese  govern- 
ment sought  prevention  on  October, 
1934  by  putting  an  embargo  on  the 
export  of  silver  coin  and  bullion. 
Make  Big  Loan 

Of  late,  negotiations  were  started  be- 
tween Sir  Frederick  Leith-Ross,  repre- 
senting the  British  government  and  Dr. 
H.  H.  Kung,  Chinese  Minister  of 
Finance,  for  the  purpose  of  arranging 
a  loan  of  10,000,000,  sterling,  from 
Great  Britain  to  China  for  political 
rehabilitation.  While  no  official  a- 
nnouncement  was  made  regarding  the 
result  of  negotiations,  the  Chinese 
government  adopted  the  new  monetary 
measure. 

In     Japan,     militarists     and     statesmen 


APPREHENSION  OVER 
PRO-JAPANESE   ATTITUDE 

The  shooting  of  Premier  Wang  Ching- 
wei,  China's  handsome  and  radical 
minded  politician,  revealed  deep  seated 
apprehension  over  the  pro-Japanese  at- 
titude of  the  Kuomintang  on  the  part  of 
a  large  section  of  China.  This  group, 
somewhat  voiceless,  is  of  the  opinion  that 
the  Shanghai  industrialists  and  Pekin- 
Tientsin  bankers,  as  well  as  Kuomintang 
officials,  are  desirous  of  having  peace 
with  Japan  at  all  price,  and  that  conces- 
sion after  concession  is  being  made  to 
Japan's  ever  increasing  thirst  for  slices  of 
China. 

•  • 

viewed  the  Chinese  move  with  appre- 
hension. It  was  believed  that  China  had 
borrowed  funds  from  Great  Britain, 
thus  depriving  Japan  of  a  prior  offer  to 
render  the  Chinese  government  financial 
assistance.  A  meeting  was  held  in  the 
offices  of  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs 
where  delegates  from  the  Ministry  of 
Finance,  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
and  the  Yokohama  Specie  Bank  gathered 
to  discuss  the  Chinese  monetary  sit- 
uation. It  is  reported  that  Japan  may 
seek  to  intervene  against  possible  new 
developments  for  "the  purpose  of  main- 
taining  peace  in  the   Far  East". 

In  Washington,  both  the  Treasury  and 
the  State  Departments  professed  to  be 
ignorant  of  Chinese  plans  and  to  have  no 
information  other  than  press  reports. 
Whether  New  Dealers  will  again  boost 
the  price  of  silver  is  not  known. 
Wheeler  Quoted 

Senator  Wheeler  of  Montana,  accom- 
panying Vice-President  Garner  on  the 
trip  to  the  Philippines,  was  quoted  as 
saying  in  Hongkong  that  there  is  no 
conflict  between  the  U.  S.  silver  buying 
policy  and  Chinese  nationalization  of 
silver.  He  fears,  however,  that  the  Chi- 
nese government  may  not  be  able  to 
stabilize  foreign  exchange  as  planned, 
on  account  of  the  heavy  fluctuations  in 
the  gold  price  of  silver. 

T.  V.  Soong,  "wizard  of  finance" 
from  Harvard  and  Governor  of  the 
Central  Bank  of  China,  however,  pre- 
dicted that  the  new  monetary  policy 
would  be  helpful.  The  four-point  decree, 
he  said,  will  increase  public  confidence, 
help  business,  stimulate  the  inflow  of 
foreign  capital  and  increase  domestic 
prices.  China's  silver  reserve,  he  added, 
provides  more  than  100  per  cent  cover- 
age of  bank  note  issues,  and  the  govern- 
ment banks  are  strong  enough  to  sta- 
bilize exchange  by  open  market  oper- 
ations. 


Page  4 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  15,  1935 


CHINATOWNIA 


Are  You  There, 
San  Francisco? 

San  Francisco  will  be  within  telephon- 
ic reach  of  any  major  city  in  China  in 
the  early  part  of  next  summer,  according 
to  an  exclusive  dispatch  received  by  the 
Chinese  Digest. 

The  ministry  of  communications  in 
China  has  obtained  satisfactory  results 
in  experiments  made  with  European  and 
American  radio  stations  by  using  a 
phone-transmitter  through  its  Interna- 
tional Radio  Station  at  Shanghai. 

Mr.  Zee  Loo,  business  manager  of  the 
International  Radio  Station  at  Shang- 
hai, has  completed  arrangements  in  the 
purchasing  of  necessary  equipment  from 
a  London  firm,  and  as  soon  as  the  in- 
stallation work  is  completed  in  the  early 
part  of  next  summer,  the  China-Ameri- 
can service  will  be  open  to  the  public. 

Messages  from  American  cities  are  to 
be  radioed  to  the  main  station  in  Shang- 
hai and  then  relayed  to  various  cities  in 
China  by  the  trunk  and  local  telephone 
lines. 

•  • 

Wah  Ying  Club,  844  Clay  Street,  held 
a  special  meeting  last  month,  and  form- 
ally adopted  a  constitution.  In  the 
absence  of  President  Andrew  Sue, 
Daniel  Yee,  general  manager,  presided 
over  the  meeting. 

•  • 

Many  friends  will  wish  to  congrat- 
ulate Stanley  and  Arthur  Chin  Bing,  the 
popular  brothers  who  left  San  Francisco 
for  New  Orleans  several  years  ago.  Stan 
graduated  with  honors  from  Louisiana 
State  University  while  kid  brother  Art 
starred  on  the  basketball  varsity. 

•  • 

Howard  Lee,  former  local  athlete  and 
brother  of  Teddv  Lee,  the  amateur  tap 
dancer,  is  now  living  in  New  York  city, 
moving  there  from  Baltimore.  Reports 
are  l;nkin<t  Howard  with  Cup'd,  and  the 
s?me  renort  has  it,  wedding  bells  may 
ring  any  time  in  the  near  future. 

•  • 

BEAU  G^STE 

On  Thank-Diving  Day  the  Shangtai 
will  c'ose  its  doors  to  the  ?en°r^l  public 
for  th°  exoress  purpose  of  fe°dinir  three 
h'TcWd  of  Chinatown's  tight-belted  bat- 
tal-'on. 

Bo"'^os  <-his  "b°au  geste"  th°  Sh'ngtai 
will  pl'o  rriwn  c~'"-e  for  a  hannv  Thanks- 
p-ivViT  mi  fi^tv  fnmi'ios  in  the  sh^pe  of 
rT!-i~'->l--~i".-'<-',o-     ba-k°ts. 

!<•     \i     f't'n'tp'l     that     if     rh"     t'irk°vs 


COLORFUL   SETTING   FOR 
CHINESE  BAZAAR 

What  promises  to  be  the  Chinese  com- 
munity's most  colorful  and  picturesque 
fund-raising  campaign  this  year  will  take 
place  shortly  when  the  Catholic  Chinese 
Center  holds  its  second  annual  bazaar  in 
its  own  building.  The  bazaar  will  be  held 
for  three  evenings  beginning  November 
14  and  concluding  on  Saturday,  Novem- 
ber 16. 

The  Rev.  George  W.  P.  Johnson, 
C.  S.  P.,  director  of  the  Center,  has  an- 
nounced that  this  forthcoming  bazaar 
will  be  more  picturesque  in  atmosphere 
and  more  ambitious  in  its  scope  than  the 
one  held  last  year.  Last  year,  he  said,  only 
the  auditorium  was  used,  but  this  year  the 
two  spacious  boys'  and  girls'  clubrooms 
will  be  commandered  into  service  in  ad- 
dition to  the  auditorium.  A  place  for 
dancing  has  also  been  arranged  on  the 
third  floor,  which  houses  the  classrooms. 
The  dance  room  will  open  into  an  open- 
air  court  and  the  entire  space  will  be 
sumptuously  decorated  to  give  it  a  true 
Chinese  setting,  the  director  explained. 
Chinese  Booths 

The  booths  will  be  located  in  the  audi- 
torium and  the  clubrooms  and  in  these 
all  manner  of  fancy  goods,  rare  objects, 
Chinese  curios,  novelties,  food,  tobacco, 
and  sweets  will  be  offered. 

"There  will  be  special  booths  for  men, 
women,  and  children",  Father  Johnson 
continued,  "and  there  will  be  games  for 
young   and    old". 

The  booths  will  be  fashioned  in  the 
manner  of  Chinese  pagodas  and  artistical- 
ly decorated.  The  surroundings  will  also 
reflect  the  Chinese  settings  of  the  booths 
by  the  use  of  Chinese  draperies,  pictures, 
and   other   decorations. 

A  Chinese  Hope  Chest,  filled  with 
hand-made  lace  work,  linen,  a  silk  com- 
forter and  a  blanket  is  being  offered  as  a 
prize.  The  proceeds  of  the  bazaar  will  be 
used  to  refurnish  the  clubrooms  and  for 
needed  repairs   in  the  Center. 


itilirH 


<-n    he    1~M 


id   the 


would  "-poll  the  name  Hee  Sam. 


SOCIAL  NEEDS 

"One  of  the  greatest  immediate  social 
needs  of  Chinatown  is  a  day  nursery  ade- 
quately equipped  and  staffed  to  take  care 
of  the  community's  pre-school  children 
while  their  mothers  are  at  work.  A  large 
proportion  of  these  children  are  with 
their  mothers  in  factories  while  they  work, 
which  is  detrimental  to  their  health,  and 
a  number  of  them  are  kept  at  homes  and 
looked  after  by  their  older  brothers  or 
sisters.  Facing  such  a  situation  a  large 
day  nursery  is  a  necessity". 

Dr.  Johnson  Speaks 

The  discussion  of  this  social  need  was 
voiced  by  the  Rev.  George  Johnson,  di- 
rector of  the  Catholic  Chinese  Social 
Center,  familiarly  known  as  the  Chinese 
Mission,  when  he  spoke  before  the  entire 
Chinese  staff  of  the  State  Relief  Adminis- 
tration on  November  4.  Mrs.  Genevieve 
Nichols,  supervisor  of  District  Six,  where 
the  Chinese  relief  staff  has  its  offices,  was 
also  present.  The  occasion  was  the  weekly 
meeting  of  the  Chinese  staff  and  the  Rev. 
Father  Johnson  was  invited  to  tell  some- 
thing of  the  social  welfare  work  of  the 
Catholic  Chinese  Center. 

"Chinatown's  low  percentage  of  crime 
is  remarkable",  Father  Johnson  said, 
"when  considering  the  fact  that  normal 
family  life  and  home  environment  among 
the  young  is  still  so  scarce.  Housing  con- 
ditions are  bad  in  the  community — as 
most  Chinese  know — and  this  fact  is  re- 
sponsible for  much  juvenile  delinquency. 
Good  housing  could  be  brought  about 
through  education  and  gradual  change" 

Father  Johnson  expressed  his  knowl- 
edge of  the  social  needs  of  the  commun- 
ity at  the  conclusion  of  the  talk  in  which 
he  described  the  religious,  educational 
and  social  welfare  functions  and  activities 
of  the  Center  of  which  he  has  been  di- 
rector since  1932.  Although  he  has 
worked  among  the  Chinese  here  for  three 
years  he  showed  thorough  and  under- 
standing knowledge  of  the  Chinese  and 
of  the  social  set-up  and  the  needs  of  the 
community. 

Schools    Active 

In  the  course  of  his  talk  the  director 
revealed  that  425  pupils  attend  the  Eng- 
lish school  and  350  pupils  go  to  the 
Ch-'nese  classes  which  arc  conducted  in 
connection  with  the  Center.  A  Social 
Service  Bureau  which  made  15,000  oils 
last  yeir  and  gave  aid  to  Chinese  totaling 
45.000  esses  was  disclosed. 

A  dental  clinic  and  a  cafctcrii  where 
hot  noon-dav  lunches  arc  served  consti- 
tute other  imOOftant  works.  Fimllw  th# 
d;rccror  sa;d  that  the  cost  of  upkeep  .ivr 
age  about  $15,000  I  vc.ir 


November  15,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  5 


CHINATOWNIA 


Oakland  Organizes 
Chinese  Center 

The  Oakland  Chinese  Center  was 
recently  formed  by  a  group  of  prominent 
professional  and  business  men.  Led  by 
Dr.  F.  Y.  Lee,  the  organization  has 
grown  to  such  a  large  extent  that  in  less 
than  two  months,  eighty-five  charter 
members  have  been  enrolled. 

The  purpose  of  the  Center  is  concen- 
trated on  presenting  an  educational  and 
social  program  for  every  member  of  the 
Chinese  community  of  4000. 

Another  aim  of  the  Center  is  toward 
the  unsolved  problems  of  the  youth  of 
the  community.  The  Center  hopes  to 
equip  the  younger  generation  to  face 
the  problems  of  today. 

Following  is  the  list  of  officers: 

President _ Dr.    F.    Y.    Lee 

1st  Vice-Pres Dr.   Jacob    J.   Yee 

2nd  Vice-Pres.   Dr.   Chas.    G.    Lee 

English   Sec.    Harry   S.   Jue, 

Chnese   Sec.    Henri    D.   Wu 

Financial   Sec.   Harry    Cheang 

Treasurer    + Albert    P.    Jow 

Auditor   Paul    F.    Fung 

Sergeant-At-Arms    Edwin  Y.    Fung 

Chairmen  of  the  various  committees 
are: 

Advisory   ., Joe    Shoong 

Financial Arthur    T.    Wong 

Educational  Dr.    Lester  C.  Lee 

Membership   Edward   Hing 

Publicity Henry    Lum 

Recreational  Gay   S.   Wye 

Civic   Relations  Samuel    W.   Chu 

Entertainment    Henry    Luck 

Social  Service   Dr.   Raymond   Ng 

•  • 

TAAM  ORDAINED 

From  Los  Angeles  it  has  been  reported 
that  T.  T.  Taam,  former  active  church 
worker  of  San  Francisco  and  recent 
graduate  of  the  Pacific  School  of  Re- 
ligion, was  ordained  on  Sunday,  Nov. 
10,  at  the  Chinese  Congregational 
Church  of  Los  Angeles  at  734  E.  Ninth 
Place.  Rev.  and  Mrs.  Taam,  (the  former 
Martha  Leong,  daughter  of  Rev.  and 
Mrs.  B.  Y.  Leong  of  the  Congregational 
Church  of  San  Francisco)  with  their 
young  son,  Martin,  moved  from  Oak- 
land to  Los   Angeles,  last  August. 

•  • 

FOR  CHINESE  AIR  FORCE 

Harry  H.  Woo,  graduate  of  a  San 
Diego  aviation  school,  sailed  for  China 
aboard  the  Dollar  liner  Coolidge,  on 
November  1st.  His  final  destination  is 
Canton,  where  he  hopes  to  serve  with  the 
government  air  forces. 


Headwork 

The  fast  thinking  and  quick  action  of 
a  Chinese  cook  saved  four  lives  when  a 
fire  broke  out  one  early  morning  last 
week  in  his  employer's  residence  at  2640 
Baker  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Henry  Wong,  the  Chinese  cook,  em- 
ployed in  the  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J. 
L.  Osborne,  was  aroused  from  his  sleep 
by  the  smell  of  smoke.  Trying  to  wake 
up  his  employers  he  found  his  path 
blocked  by  flames.  He  rushed  back  to 
his  room,  found  some  giant  firecrackers, 
and  set  them  off.  The  exploding  fire- 
crackers woke  up  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Osborne, 
who  fled  out  of  the  house  with  their  two 
children,  James,   14,  and  Elizabeth,   16. 

The  fire  swept  through  another  build- 
ing adjacent  to  the  Osborne's  home  and 
routed  three  other  families.  Two  fire- 
men were  injured,  and  fire  damage  was 
estimated   at    #30,000. 


TREASURE  HUNT 

Seventy  boys  were  found  combing  the 
Salada  Beach  last  Saturday  with  picks 
and  shovels.  They  were  not  gold  diggers. 
They  were  after  "tags",  and  the  one  who 
recovered  the  most  tags  from  the  beach 
received  as  a  prize,  a  practice  telegraph 
set.  The  boys  were  members  of  Boy 
Scout  Troop  Three.  They  motored 
down  the  peninsula  under  the  guidance 
of  Silas  Chinn,  assisted  by  John  Kan, 
Albert  Young,  and  a  score  of  older  boys 
from  Division  C.  It  was  one  of  their 
monthly  outings.  Every  fourth  meeting 
must  be  held  out  of  doors,  rain  or  shine. 
Last  month,  these  same  boys  went  to 
China  Shrimp  Camp  for  their  outing, 
arriving  just  in  time  to  help  put  out  a 
dangerous  gasoline  fire  in  one  of  the 
launches. 

•  • 

CHINESE  GOLFER 

Thomas  T.  Leong,  former  track  and 
basketball  performer,  is  an  enthusiastic 
golfer,  one  of  a  few  local  Chinese  who  is 
really   interested   in  this   particular    sport. 

•  • 


Refreshments — 

The  Shangtai 

LUNCH   TWENTY-FIVE    CENTS 
DINNER    THIRTY-FIVE   CENTS 

Ice   Cream 
672  Jackson  St.        CHina  1215 


OAKLAND  CHINESE  CENTER 

All  members  of  the  Chinese  commu- 
nities of  every  locality  are  invited  to  the 
social  gathering  to  be  given  by  the  Oak- 
land Chinese  Center  on  Saturday,  Nov- 
ember 23,  at  8:00  P.  M.  Moving  pictures, 
bridge,  Mah  Jong,  dancing  (music  by 
the  Cathayans),  and  gate  prizes,  totaling 
50,  constitute  the  free  entertainment  for 
the  evening.  Stanford  and  U.  C.  alumni 
are  on  the  entertainment  committee. 
•  • 

DIDN'T  DENY 

George  Leong,  affectionately  known  as 
"Tiny"  to  his  many  friends,  sailed  for 
China  on  November  1  aboard  the  Dollar 
liner  Coolidge.  "Tiny"  was  one  of  the 
best  football  linesmen  Commerce  ever 
turned  out. 

"I'll  miss  all  my  friends",  Tiny  ob- 
served, "but  I  am  looking  forward  to 
seeing  everybody  again  in  a  year  or  so'  . 
He  smiled  and  issued  no  denial  when 
questioned  if  he  intended  to  marry  in 
China. 


CHINATOWN  PROGRESSIVE 
ASSOCIATION  ORGANIZED 

With  an  initial  enrollment  of  one 
hundred  members  of  the  hoard  of  direct- 
ors of  the  Chinatown  Progressive  Asso- 
ciation met  to  devise  plans  for  enlarging 
their  membership.  According  to  the  presi- 
dent of  the  association,  H.  W.  Key, 
prominent  business  leader,  the  aim  of  the 
association  is  to  improve  the  economic 
foundation  of  the  younger  Chinese  in 
America.  This,  in  turn,  has  its  begin- 
ning in  improvement  in  local  housing, 
sanitation,  public  education,  and  cultiva- 
tion of  proper  outlook. 
•  • 

RACE   IN  THREE  HEATS 

Canada  may  have  its  quintuplets,  but 
China  has  its  great  heat.  In  a  recent 
article  in  the  newspapers,  mention  was 
made  of  a  43-year-old  mother  bearing 
triplets  in  Peiping.  She  was  probably 
sore  put  for  names.  With  typical  Chinese 
ingenuity  she  named  them  for  the  three 
hottest  periods  of  the  year,  Ta  Fu  (Great 
Heat;)  Erh  Fu  (Second  Heat);  and 
San    Fu    (Thrd   Heat). 


Sales 


Service 


FORD 

BEN     CHEY 

REPAIR  SHOP 

725  Pacific  St.  GAr.  4592 


Page  6 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  15,   1935 


SOCIOLOGY 


Chinese  Art  Exhibit 

More  than  fifty  prize  water-color, 
charcoal,  and  ink  drawings  by  students 
of  the  China  National  Art  Institute  at 
Hangchow  were  recently  exhibited  in 
Chinatown.  The  exhibition,  sponsored 
by  the  Latham  Foundation  for  the 
Promotion  of  Humane  Education,  was 
presented  in  the  girls'  clubroom  of  the 
Catholic  Chinese  Social  Center,  902 
Stockton  Street. 

Periodically  the  Latham  Foundation 
conducts  a  poster  contest  among  school 
pupils  as  a  means  of  educating  young 
people  to  be  kind  to  animals.  Not  long 
ago  such  a  contest  was  conducted  among 
the  students  of  the  Hangchow  art 
school,  located  not  far  from  Shanghai. 
The  result  evoked  much  admiration 
from  adults  who  have  viewed  the  posters. 
Most  of  the  pictures  represented  a 
man,  feeding,  caressing,  or  aiding  their 
dumb  friends.  A  greater  proportion  of 
the  posters  were  executed  in  western 
fashion  but  those  that  showed  real 
talent  were  done  with  the  ancient  Chi- 
nese   brush    and   were    typically    Chinese. 

Recently  the  Latham  Foundation 
sponsored  a  poster  contest  in  this  city  to 
encourage  art  talent  as  well  as  the  pro- 
motion of  humane  education.  Two 
students  of  St.  Mary's  Chinese  School 
won  honorable  mention  in  the  contest. 
Many  Americans  as  well  as  Chinese 
viewed  the  posters  during  the  exhibition, 
which  lasted  four  days. 
•  • 

WANTED 

Men  who  are  willing  to  build  a  future 
for  themselves.  Apply  to  the  Chinese 
Digest. 


Quality  Clothes   For 
Men  and  Young  Men 


£JlMMft 


Tf\CT\7/h%p 


Camel's  Hair  and 
Worumbo  Coats 
Reasonably  Priced 

742  Grant  Avenue 


CLASS   FOR   CHINESE   WOMEN 

By  Ethel  Lum 

A  class  in  Chinese  language  has  been 
organized  for  Chinese  girls  and  women 
at  the  Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  The  hours 
of  instruction  are  scheduled  for  Monday 
and  Thursday,  5:00  to  9:00  P.  M.  In- 
structions will  be  given  in  the  "thousand 
characters",  letter  writing,  newspaper 
reading,  and  old  Chinese  prose.  There 
is  no  limitation  as  to  age,  but  it  is  be- 
lieved that  the  class  will  be  of  great 
benefit  to  working  girls  from  16  to  25, 
also  to   mothers  or  older  women. 

Individual  instruction  in  informal 
fashion  is  available.  A  small  fee  of 
twenty-five  cents  is  charged  each  pupil. 
Mrs.  Jane  Kwong  Lee,  secretary  at  the 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  and  instructor  of  the 
course,  reports  that  fifteen  students  have 
enrolled.  With  increased  attendance, 
it  is  hoped  that  the  class  will  develop 
into  a  social  as  well  as  educational 
project. 

•  • 

CHINESE  BIBLE  CLASS 

An  invitation  is  extended  to  people  of 
all  denominations  to  attend  the  San 
Francisco  Chinese  Bible  Class,  recently 
organized.  The  class  is  held  in  the  Pres- 
byterian Mission  Home,  920  Sacramento 
St.,  every  Saturday  evening,  at  7:30. 
The  leaders  are  Miss  Alice  Lan  and  Miss 
Betty  Hu,  Bethel  evangelists  from 
Shanghai,  China.  Classes  will  be  taught 
in  English   and  interpreted  into  Chinese. 


SPECIAL 
OFFER 

EIGHT  MONTHS' 

SUBSCRIPTION 

TO  THE 

CHINESE    DIGEST 

FOR 
ONE  DOLLAR 

Offer  Good  for  Limited  Time  Only 

REGULAR     RATES 

Five  Cents  the  Copy 

One  Dollar  Twenty-five    Cents 

For  Six  Months 

Two   Dollars  the  Year 


FIRECRACKERS 

Where,  Oh!  Where 

November  8,  1935. 
Editor   Chinese   Digest: 

Time  was  when  we  would  walk  into 
one  of  our  community's  grocery  stores 
and  find  dried  duck  giblets  hanging  di- 
rectly overhead,  sawdust  under  our  feet 
and  fresh  meat  without  protection  from 
a  customer  who  might  inspect  it  just  a 
little  bit  too  close  for  sanitation's  sake. 
Oh,  how  we  bemoaned  the  uncleanliness 
and   backwardness  of   our   grocers. 

Today,  we  walk  along  Grant  Avenue 
and  almost  every  grocery  store  fairly 
beams  with  well  kept  tile  fronts.  Within 
we  find  glass  and  chromium  enclosures 
for  meat,  large  glass  jars  for  our  spices 
and  delicacies,  and  the  latest  "space- 
savers"  all  over  the  store. 

But  NOW  we  bemoan  the  fact  that 
Chinatown  is  indeed  taking  on  a  Western 
aspect.  Where,  oh  where  can  we  show 
our  Eastern  and  tourist  friends  the 
"stores  that  were"? 

Do  we  know   what  we   want?      I  don't! 
D.  L.  CHINN, 


A  MESSAGE  TO 
CHINATOWN  MERCHANTS 

Chinatown  is  an  integral  part  of 
San  Francisco.  Yet,  to  the  people 
outside  of  Chinatown  we  are  some- 
thing apart  from  the  city  around 
us.  Chinatown  is  more  than  a 
name,  Chinatown  is  a  legend. 
Chinatown  is  a  bit  of  Old  Cathay 
in  a  foreign  setting. 
_  To  some,  Chinatown  holds  all 
the  glamour,  the  mysticism,  the 
exotic  lure  of  the  Far  East. 

They  who  come  will  want  to  re- 
member Chinatown.  They  will 
want   to  BUY     .     .     . 

Souvenirs, 

Art   goods. 

Some  reminder  of  CHINA- 
TOWN. 

Very  few  American  tourists  can 
read   Chinese. 

Very  few  American  tourists  can't 
read  English. 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is 
printed   in  English. 

THEREFORE— 

You  have  something  to  sell  to 
someone. 

Someone  wants  to  buy  that 
something  you  have  to  sell. 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  will 
be  read  by  that  somebody. 

LET  THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 
SELL  THAT  SOMETHING  TO 
THAT  SOMEONE   FOR  YOU. 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST. 


November   15,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  7 


HUNDRED     NAMES 


CHAN-FONG  MARRIAGE 

Mr.  Charles  Chan,  of  San  Francisco, 
and  Miss  Sadie  Fong,  daughter  of  a 
prominent  Stockton  business  man,  were 
married  Friday,  November  1,  the  cere- 
mony being  held  at  Grace  Cathedral, 
San  Francisco. 

Chan,  who  works  for  the  Gumling 
Importers  and  Exporters,  is  a  former 
athlete  and  was  an  outstanding  football 
player  of  Commerce  High  a  few  years 
ago,  playing  end. 

•  • 


DOWNTOWN  MERCHANTS 

"Young  Chinatown"  buys  over 
90  percent  of  its  clothes  and  over 
85  percent  of  its  furniture  outside 
of  Chinatown,  in  downtown  San 
Francisco. 

"Young  Chinatown"  shops  dis- 
criminatingly among  the  better  ad- 
vertised stores. 

"Young  Chinatown"  is  style- 
conscious. 

"Young  Chinatown"  is  quality- 
conscious. 

"Young  Chinatown"  is  price- 
conscious. 

"Young  Chinatown"  is  ADVER- 
TISEMENT-CONSCIOUS. 

Although  a  bilingual  people,  the 
younger  Chinese  have  a  decided 
preference  for  the  English  lan- 
guage. 

They  think  in  English. 

Their  conversation  for  the  great- 
er part  is  conducted  in  English. 

They  may  be  reached  only 
through  an  English  -  language 
paper. 

The  Chinese  Digest  is  an  Eng- 
lish-language paper. 

The  Chinese  Digest  is  the  only 
English  -  language  paper  in  Am- 
erica. 

It  is,  in  addition,  a  Chinese 
paper  in  that  its  contents  are  of 
interest  mainly  to  the  Chinese. 

It  has  the  sponsorship  of  every 
Chinese  club  and  every  progressive 
Chinese  organization. 

The  Chinese  Digest  is  designed 
to  affect  contact  between  the  Chi- 
nese consumer  who  is  interested  in 
what  the  downtown  stores  have  to 
sell,  and  the  downtown  stores 
which  are  interested  in  selling  to 
the  Chinese  consumer. 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST  IS 
DESIGNED  FOR  YOU.  .  .  . 
THE  CHINESE   DIGEST. 


CHAO-C  H  I  N     HUANG 

CHINESE  CONSUL  GENERAL  AT  SAN  FRANCISCO 
A  Biographical  Sketch 


Cha   Chin  Huang 

Chao-Chin  Huang  was  born  in  1899 
in  Nan  An  District,  Fukien  Province, 
China.  He  received  his  college  educa- 
tion at  the  Waseda  University,  Tokio, 
graduating  in  Political  Economy  in  1923. 
He  then  pursued  post-graduate  study  at 
the  University  of  Illinois,  where  he  re- 
ceived his  M.A.  degree  in  Political 
Science  in   1926. 

In  January,  1928,  Mr.  Huan  was  ap- 
pointed   a   Section,   Member  of   Overseas        ConV6n€u    in   Nanking 


the  communists  in  that  province.  He  as- 
sumed office  as  the  Chinese  Consul-Gen- 
eral  at  San  Francisco,  California,  on 
May   28,    1935. 

Mr.    Huang    is    the    author    of    several 
publications    on    "Overseas    Chinese    De- 
velopment",    "Formosa     Under     Japan's 
Control",  and  "Japan's  Economic  Crisis". 
•  • 

Central  Executive  Committee 


Bureau  of  the  Ministry  of  Foreign 
Affairs.  In  June  of  the  same  year,  Mr. 
Huang  was  appointed  by  the  overseas 
bureau  at  Amoy  as  its  representative 
while  concurrently  serving  as  secretary 
to  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  Affairs  in  that 
city.  In  October,  1928,  he  was  promoted 
to  the  post  of  Chief  of  Investigation  Sec- 
tion in  the  overseas  bureau  of  the  Min- 
istry of  Foreign    Affairs. 

In  1929  Mr.  Huang  was  appointed 
chief  of  the  Planning  Section  of  the 
Overseas  Ccxmmission  of  the  National 
Government,  and  was  specially  delegated 
to  tour  the  Federated  Malay  States, 
Dutch  East  Indies,  Indo-China,  and 
Philippine  Islands  for  the  Welfare  As- 
sociation for  Chinese  abroad. 

In  1930  Mr.  Hunag  was  appointed  to 
the  Division  for  Asiatic  Affairs  for  the 
Foreign  Ministry.  In  1931  he  was  made 
Acting  Secretary  of  Ministry.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1932,  Mr.  Huang  was  chief  of 
First  Section  of  the  Department  for 
Asiatic  Affairs.  In  April  of  the  same 
year,  Mr.  Huang  attended  the  National 
Emergency  Conference  at  Loyang  on  be- 
half of  His  Excellency,  Lo  Wen-kan, 
minister   of  foreign  affairs. 

Mr.  Huang  was  chief  of  fourth  section 
in  the  Department  of  Intelligence  and 
Publicity  at  the  time  of  his  appointment 
to  the  post  of  Consul-General  to  San 
Francisco,  California,  on  March  30, 
1935.  A  few  months  before  his  depar- 
ture for  San  Francisco,  Mr.  Huang,  as 
official  representative  of  the  Ministry  of 
Foreign  Affairs,  personally  conducted 
the  International  Journalists  Group  on  an 
extensive  tour  of  Kiangsi  Province  to 
make  thorough  observation  and  investi- 
gation of  the  destruction  left  behind  by 
the  Chinese  communists,  and  the  recon- 
struction set  afoot  by  the  Chinese  Gov- 
ernment  after  its  successful  drive  against 


The  belated  meeting  of  the  Sixth 
Central  Executive  Committee  of  Kuomin- 
tang  was  convened  in  Nanking  on 
November    1. 

Among  the  notables  at  the  capital 
were  General  Feng  Yu-hsiang,  the 
"Christian  General"  and  one  time 
Commander  of  the  Northwestern  Revo- 
lutionary Army,  General  Yen  Hsi-Shan, 
formerly  Governor  of  Shansi  Province, 
General  Chiang  Kai-Shek,  the  pillar  of 
Kuomintang  Party  and  other  important 
members  of  the  Central  Executive 
Committee,  for  the  purpose  of  mapping 
out  national  policies  of  both  domestic 
and  diplomatic  affairs. 

General  Tso  Pin  Reports 

General  Chiang  Tso-pin,  China's 
Ambassador  to  Japan,  had  rushed  to 
Nanking  from  Tokio  to  report  on  the 
recent  political  and  diplomatic  trends 
in  Japan.  Also,  the  Nanking  Govern- 
ment had  sent  Tai  Chi-tao,  President  of 
the  Examination  Yuan  and  Ma  Chao- 
chun,  mayor  of  Nanking,  to  exchange 
opinions  with  leaders  of  the  South- 
eastern Provinces  whose  ideas  regarding 
national  affairs  had  hereto  differed  from 
that  of  Nanking.  It  is  believed  that  any 
difficulties  between  Nanking  and  Canton 
will  soon  be  straightened  out. 

According  to  the  constitution  of  the 
Kuomintang,  the  members  of  the  Cen- 
tral Executive  Committee  are  elected  by 
the  national  congress  of  Kuomintang  to 
conduct  the  business  of  the  party.  When 
the  committee  is  not  in  plenary  session, 
a  standing  committee  is  elected  by  mem- 
bers to  handle  the  administrative  affairs 
and  to  carry  out  the  policies  outlined 
by  the  session.  The  session  of  the  Cen- 
tral Executive  Committee  was  a  most 
important  meeting,  one  that  determined 
grave  matters  in  Chinese  national 
policies. 


Page  8 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  15,   1935 


EDITORIAL 


THE  CHINESE   DIGEST 

A  Weekly  News   Magazine  for    American   Chinese 

Published  weekly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San  Francisco,  California 

THOMAS   W.  CHINN,   Editor 

Per  year,  ?2.00;   Per  copy   5c 

Not    responsible    for    contributions 
unaccompanied    by    return    postage 

STAFF 

CHING  WAH  LEE Associate  Editor 

WILLIAM     HOY    Associate    Editor 

FRED   GEORGE  WOO Sports 

CLARA  CHAN Fashions 

ETHEL  LUM    Sociology 

ROBERT  G.  POON Circulation 

GEORGE  CHOW Advertising  Manager 


Why  the  Digest? 

"••  The  Chinese  Digest  is  not  just  a  hobby  or  a  busi- 
ness— it  is  all  that  with  a  full-sized  battle  thrown  in.  We 
are  fighting  on  five  fronts. 

KILLING  A  CELESTIAL:  There  are  no  people 
in  America  more  misunderstood  than  the  Chinese. 
From  the  time  of  "Sand-lot  Kearny"  to  the  present,  the 
Chinese  is  pictured  as  a  sleepy  Celestial  enveloped  in 
mists  of  opium  fumes  or  a  halo  of  Oriental  phil- 
osophy, but  never  as  a  human  being.  The  pulp  maga- 
zines and  Hollywood  have  served  to  keep  this  illusion 
alive.  The  "Chinese  Digest"  is  fighting  to  kill  this 
Celestial  bogey  and  substitute  a  normal  being  who  drives 
automobiles,  shops  for  the  latest  gadgets,  and  speaks 
good  English. 

THE  TRUTH  IS  OUR  BATTLE  CRY:  During 
the  invasion  of  Manchuria,  "Made  in  Japan"  wires  were 
filling  the  American  dailies  about  "bandits",  "mis- 
rule", and  "Asiatic  Monroe  Doctrine".  The  Chinese 
here  know  better.  They  KNOW  that  the  "news"  is 
the  result  of  skilful  tampering  by  such  paid  propa- 
gandists as  "Ratty  Rea".  Young  China  wanted  to  help 
and  contributed  its  earnings  freely.  But  alas,  almost 
all  the  "publicity"  at  that  time  was  printed  in  Chinese! 
Furious  speeches  were  made — but  almost  all  in  China- 
town! The  "Chinese  Digest"  is  prepared  to  give  the 
truth  on  the  Far  East,  fearlessly  and  directly.  We  be- 
lieve that  the  truth  is  all  that  China  needs — and  the 
world  wants. 

BRIDGING  THE  PACIFIC.  Without  Chinese 
heritage,  Young  China  here  is  nothing.  With  it  he 
is  a  representative  of  the  oldest  civilization  on  earth. 
Young  China  here  wants  to  know  more  about  Chinese 
a*-t  and  literature,  history  and  philosophy.  They  believe 
they  can  best  enrichen  American  life  by  contributing 
these  cultural  factors  here.  The  old  provincial  idea 
about  forgetting  the  best  is  gone.  Enlightened  Ameri- 
canism demands  that  we  keep  alive  the  culture  of  the 
old  world.  "The  Chinese  Digest"  is  determined  to 
present  the  best  in  the  way  of  classic  Chinese  art  and 
culture.  More  than  that,  the  "Chinese  Digest"  aims 
to  stir  up  an  intense  interest  in  the  Chinese  language 
=»«d  literature.  We  believe,  with  the  late  B.  Laufer, 
that  the  lea*-"'*^  of  Chip-se  language  is  easier  than  the 
'-amine  of  French  or  German.  We  enlist  your  aid 
ro  ioin  in  the  fleht  to  brine  scientific  teaching  methods 
into  the  Chinese  evening  schools. 


Firetraps  Must  Co! 

There  are  about  a  dozen  firetraps  which  should  be 
removed  from  Chinatown  forever.  Sore  spots  to  visitors, 
they  are  also  danger  spots  to  health-loving  San 
Franciscans. 

Some  of  the  larger  of  these  firetraps  house  as  many 
as  five  hundred  beings,  yet  these  same  structures  have 
but  two  exits.  A  few  of  these  buildings  have  hallways 
about  two  feet  in  width.  In  case  of  fire,  pity  all  but  the 
few  who  are  first  to  reach  the  hallways. 

There  are  buildings  where  the  floors  sag  until  they 
are  no  longer  level.  Needless  to  say,  these  are  not 
Class  A  steel  and  concrete  affairs,  but  "rush  jobs,"  com- 
pleted shortly  after  the  fire  of  1906. 

These  buildings  are  a  menace  to  health  and  happi- 
ness. Some  of  the  rooms  are  without  windows,  others 
are  without  means  of  ventilation.  Practically  all  of 
them  are  inadequately  lighted.  Some  of  the  hallways 
are  so  dark  a  visitor  cannot  possibly  find  his  way  without 
lighting  a  match.  Nearly  all  the  rooms  are  small,  and 
some  are  made  still  smaller  by  means  of  flimsy  wooden 
partitions. 

These  buildings,  put  up  by  outside  landlords  for 
the  benefit  of  outsiders,  are  in  the  way.  They  occupy 
valuable  spots  in  Chinatown,  which  can  be  better 
utilized  for  modern  sunshine  structures.  Firetraps 
must  go. 

INTER-TRENCH  COMMUNICATION.  Chinese 
in  Boston  or  Portland  have  natural  ties  and  common 
interests.  Adverse  legislation  in  one  is  adverse  to  all. 
Most  of  the  smaller  Chinatowns  hardly  number  more 
than  a  hundred  souls,  and  these  kinsmen  of  ours  live 
•n  isolation  and  loneliness.  They  are  anxious  to  know 
what  is  going  on  elsewhere  Conventions  of  Chinese 
students  or  merchants  have  great  sociological  conse- 
quence, depending  on  the  attendance,  often  resulting 
in  changes  of  address  or  business,  or  even  resulting  in 
marriages.  As  fast  as  wire  and  telephone  will  permit 
us  we  are'  establishing  contacts  all  over  America  to 
serve  our  readers  and  make  news  available  to  all. 

THE  WAR  ON  NEGLECT:  Young  China  Needs 
Jobs.  The  progress  of  anv  group  of  people  depends 
primarily  on  its  economic  foundation.  Give  a  racially 
sound  people  like  the  Chinese  a  fair  sociological  en- 
vironment and  that  is  all  that  is  needed  to  get  along. 
At  present  Chinatowns  everywhere  are  filled  to  the 
bursting  point  with  well  trained  young  men  and  women 
eager  to  find  a  chance  to  make  their  way  in  the  world. 
These  young  people  certainly  deserve  a  chance  for 
they  are  descendants  of  pioneers  who  reached  Cali- 
fornia before  ninety  percent  of  the  present  population 
of  California  crossed  the  plains.  They  and  their  fore- 
fathers have  contributed  much  to  the  buildine  of  the 
West.  The  "Chinese  Digest"  aims  to  give  publicity  to 
corporations  and  firms  which  employ  Chinese.  By 
intelligent  shopping  on  the  part  of  our  readers  we  hope 
to  create  more  openings  for  our  young  men  and  women. 

Yes,  the  "Chinese  Digest"  is  fighting  on  five  fronts. 
Clubs,  lodges,  and  associations  are  joining  us  in  the 
fray.     We  want  to  enlist  you. 


November   15,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  9 


CULTURE 


-By  CHING  WAH  LEE- 


Chinese  Bronze 

Most  historians  are  aware  that  the 
Chinese  are  a  race  of  antique  collectors 
and  that  they  have  been  ardent  connois- 
seurs since  the  beginning  of  ancient  his- 
tory. Few  are  aware,  however,  that  evi- 
dences are  accumulating  which  show  that 
they  were  collectors  even  in  dim,  neolithic 
times. 

Long  before  the  end  of  the  New  Stone 
Age  they  were  already  preserving  battle 
axes,  daggers,  and  tools  of  flint,  jade,  and 
stone,  as  well  as  of  pottery  of  a  yet  older 
period. 

The  Stone  Age  was  followed  by  the 
Bronze  Age,  and  superior  tools  and 
wepons  of  bronze  were  soon  replacing  the 
stone  implements.  But  these  stone  tools 
were  not  discarded.  They  were  recently 
collected  and  raised  to  the  position  of 
ceremonial  objects — which  is  to  say  that 
they  were  no  longer  treasured  for  their 
original  functional  value,  but  as  objects 
of  arts  and  antiques.  Bronze  at  that  time 
was  the  metal,  and  probably  alongside 
with  cowery  shells,  has  the  same  value 
that  gold  has  with  us  today.  We  see  sur- 
vival of  bronze  as  units  of  value  in  the 
pennies   of  the   Republic. 

Bronze  Not  Discarded 

The  coming  of  iron  in  turn  replaced 
bronze  with  the  hardier  metal.  But  again 
the  bronzes  used  by  the  earlier  people 
were  not  discarded,  but  were  raised  to  the 
position  of  ceremonial  objects.  Indeed, 
they  were  held  in  such  high  esteem  that 
on  one  celebrated  occasion  the  name  of  a 
whole  province  was  changed  with  the  dis- 
covery of  a  tri-pot  in  that  region.  De- 
feated states  were  made  to  yield  their 
sacred  bronzes  to  the  victorious  states  as 
indemnities.  We  see  a  parallel  to  this 
in  recent  times  when  China,  through  the 
Versaille  Treaty,  asked  of  Germany  to 
restore  to  her  the  bonze  astronomical  in- 
stuments  stolen  from  the  Peking  Imperial 
Observatory  during  the  Boxer   Rebellion. 

Bronzes  Classified 

Bronzes  are  classified  by  the  Chinese 
as  ancient,  intermediate,  and  modern. 
Those  of  the  San  Tai  Period  (Hsia, 
Shang,  and  Chou  Dynasty;  2205  B.  C- 
256  B.C.)  or  earlier,  and  those  of  the 
Chin  Han  Period  (256  B.C-220  A.D.) 
are  considered  pure  antiques.  Those  of 
the  T'ang  Dynasty  (069  A.W.-906  A.D.) 
and  those  of  the  Sung  Dynasty  (906  A.D. 
•1205  A.D.)  are  considered  as  late  repro- 
ductions, while  those  of  the  Ming  Dynas- 
ty (1368  A.D.  1643  A.D.)  and  Ch'ing 
Dynasty  (1644  A.D.  1796  A.D.)  are  mod- 
erns." Forgeries  are  known  to  have  been 
made    before    the    Christian   Era,    though 


they  would  pass  muster  by  the  most  criti- 
cal connoisseurs  today.  In  Japan  they  are 
producing  clever  imitations  by  shellack- 
ing finely  ground  patina  to  new  metal. 
This  may  be  detected  by  boiling  or 
scraping. 

As  may  be  expected  the  old  bronzes 
are  hoary  with  age.  Those  which  have 
been  handled  with  loving  care  by  caress- 
ing hands  for  centuries  after  centuries 
have  acquired  a  highly  polished  lustre 
which  is  beautiful  beyond  description. 
Those  which  were  exhumed  more  recent- 
ly are  rugged  and  often  highly  pitted. 
Both  types  display  a  pleasing  patina 
ranging  from  an  unearthly  turquoise 
blue  to  malachite  green  (which  the  Chi- 
nese call  kuo  p'i  lu,  or  melon  rind  green) 
with  passages  of  apple  brown  or  mottling 
of  powdery  emerald  blue.  These  colora- 
tions depend  to  a  great  extent  on  the  tex- 
ture, age,  and  composition  of  the  bronze 
as  well  as  on  the  condition  of  burial  and 
subsequent  handling.  A  few  have  inlays 
of  black  pigment  or  of  silver  and  gold, 
but  besides  its  form  and  surface  decora- 
tion the  chief  attractions  may  be  said 
to  be  its  "tarnishes". 

Erroneously  Termed 

iBronzes  are  collectively  termed  "ting 
lu"  (tri-pots  and  vessels),  "chung  ting" 
(bells  and  tri-pots)  or  "chien  shih" 
(metal  and  stones),  the  latter  term  being 
applied  chiefly  to  bronzes  and  stones  hav- 
ing archaic  inscriptions.  Sometimes  they 
are  erroneously  called  Hsuan  Lu  (vessels 
of  the  Hsuan  Te  Period  because  superior 
wares  were  made  during  the  reign  of  the 
Emperor  Hsuan  Te,  but  as  this  worthy 
reigned  during  the  Ming  Dynasty,  be- 
tween 1426  A.D.  and  1435  A.D.,  this 
term  had  best  be  reserved  for  Ming 
Dynasty  reproductions  and  incense  urns. 

Many  objects  were  fashioned  of  bronze 
during  the  early  periods,  from  stoves  to 
yoke  bells,  and  from  basins  to  daggers. 
But  there  are  scores  of  ceremonial  ob- 
jects which  are  regarded  as  classics.  Like 
the  loving  cups  of  today  they  vary  in  size 
from  those  a  few  inches  tall  to  monsters 
weighing  nearly  a  thousand  pounds.  A 
list  of  these  objects  would  include  the 
following: 

Bronze  Classics  Listed 

1.  The  Ting  is  a  sturdily  built  cauld- 
ron having  three  legs  and  two  handles 
for  removing  the  cooker  from  the  fire. 

2.  The  Li  is  similar  to  the  Ting  ex- 
cept that  the  three  legs  are  hollow  and 
communicate  with  the  body  of  the  vessel. 

3.  The  Hsien  is  a  "double  boiler"  com- 
posed of  a  li  surmounded  by  a  tight  fit- 
ting or  hinged  pot,  the  bottom  of  which 


may    be    perforated,    although    sometime 
the   two  are  made  in  one  piece. 

4.  The  Tu  is  a  covered  bucket  with 
swinging  or  chained  bale,  and  having  a 
cover   and  a  bulbous  elliptical  body. 

5.  The  Lei  is  the  same  as  the  above  ex- 
cept that  it  has  no  handle  and  is  round 
and  squat. 

6.  The  Hu  is  a  round-bellied  jar  gen- 
erally with  a  cover. 

7.  The  tsun  is  a  cylinder-like  beaker 
with  concave  side,  and  spreading  mouth 
and  bell  shaped  foot. 

8.  The  ku  is  a  taller  and  more  slender 
form  of  tsun. 

9.  The  Yi  is  a  wide  mouthed  cup  with 
from  two  to  four  handles,  and  has  a  hol- 
low  base. 

10.  The  tui  is  similar  to  the  Yi,  but  is 
larger  and  more  elaborate,  and  was  used 
for  serving  of  fruit  rather  than  a  cup. 
The  tui  of  the  Huai  egion  has  three  legs 
and  a  cover,  often  surrounded  by  three 
birds  or  animals  in  the  round. 

11.  The  Yi  is  a  "gravy  boat"  shaped 
cup  with  an  animal  form  for  body  and 
having    four  short  legs. 

12.  The  chiao  is  a  three-legged  cup 
with  a  band  circulating  the  body,  and 
having  a  small  side  handle  issuing  from 
the  head  of  an  ox  or  a  t'ao  T'ieh,  and 
having  two   top  knots. 

13.  The  chio  or  chueh  is  a  chiao  hav- 
ing thinner  walls  and  a  prolonged  curl- 
ing lip,  balanced  on  the  opposite  side 
with  a  prolonged  protuberance. 

14.  The  fu  is  an  oblong  trough  with 
four  legs  to  hold  sacramental  cereals. 

15.  The  tou  is  a  round  "egg  cup,"  hav- 
ing a  domed  lid,  and  with  high  spreading 
base. 

16.  The  Ho  is  a  pot  with  spout,  han- 
dle, and  a  lid,  which  is  generally  chained 
to  the  body,  generally   with  three  legs. 

17.  The  tun  is  similar  to  the  tou,  but 
is  larger,  squatter,  and  has  a  short  base. 

Bronzes  Still  Found 

Bronzes  are  still  being  uncovered  in 
China,  a  magnificent  set  of  eleven  pieces 
being  exhumed  as  late  as  1901.  Marvel- 
lous Shang  bronzes  were  recovered  last 
year.  Bronzes  are  making  their  way  to 
Japan,  Europe,  and  America,  gracing 
the  museums  and  homes  of  millionaires. 
Whether  in  the  East  or  in  the  West  they 
command  fabulous  prices,  some  of  the 
better  pieces  having  an  evaluation  of 
from  $500,000  to  $100,000  each. 

Originally  these  classic  vessels  were 
used  for  the  storage,  preparation  and 
serving  of  food  or  wine,  but  during  the 
San  Tai  period  they  were  already  raised 
to  the  position  of  ceremonial  objects- 
(Continued  to  Page  15) 


L 


Page   10 


CHINESE       DICEST 


November  15,   1935 


TEA    AN  D     LANTERNS 


CATHAY  INITIATION 

A  parade  through  the  streets  of 
Chinatown  followed  by  a  dinner  for  its 
members  marked  the  initiation  cere- 
monies  of   the    Cathay   Club   on    Oct.31. 

Among  those  initiated  were  Goodman 
Choy,  Edmund  Jann,  Winston  Wong, 
Thomas  Horn,  Frank  Chung,  Henry 
Wong,  George  Gum,  Robert  W.  Jung 
and  Fred  Lee. 

The  entertainment  committee  arrang- 
ing the  affair  consisted  of  Andrew  Sue, 
Wah  Yee,  William  Lo  and  Norman 
Chinn.  The  parade  started  at  the  club 
rooms,  837  Stockton  Street,  and  ended 
at  the  Far  East  Cafe  where  dinner  was 
served. 

•  • 

On  Oct.  26,  the  Congregational 
Young  Peoples  Group,  with  Mrs. 
Thomas  Chinn  as  president  and  Thomas 
Leong,  secretary-treasurer,  held  its  mon- 
thly social  gathering  at  the  new  home 
of  Mrs.  and  Mrs.  Ira  C.  Lee.  A  most 
delectable  roast  pork  enchilada  was 
served  by  Miss  Alice  P.  Fong. 

•  • 

Y.  W.  C  A.  FELLOWSHIP  SOCIAL 
In  observance  of  their  worldwide 
fellowship,  the  members  and  friends  of 
the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associ- 
ation will  be  entertained  at  supper  at  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  on  Thursday, 
November  14.  The  guest  speaker  will  be 
Mrs.  Frederic  Paist,  president  of  the 
national   board   of   the   Y.   W.    C.   A. 

•  • 
COMMUNITY   NIGHT  PROGRAM 

Consul  General  Wong  and  Mrs.  Wong 
will  be  honored  guests  at  Community 
Night  which  is  being  sponsored  by  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  on  Saturday, 
November  16.  The  program  will  include 
a  welcome  to  the  Consul  General,  a 
Fashion  Show,  dancing  and  musical 
numbers.  Cards  and  music  by  the 
Cathayans   will  follow    the  program. 


lllUUilillUUUUII 


llllUlllllllllllliUllllJllllllUIUUIlUlllUllllll 


NEW 

CENTURY 

BEVERAGE 

CO. 

Makers  of 

Orange  Crush 

Champagne  Cider 

Belfast  Products 

Since  1900 

EIGHT-TWENTY  PACIFIC   ST. 
San  Francisco 


Hinmiimpp"—— ""■■— """im 


"'"""""" ' 


Oakland  Chinese 

For  the  purpose  of  bringing  its  mem- 
bers and  the  members'  families  into 
closer  friendship  and  contact,  the  Oak- 
land Chinese  Center  held  a  social 
gathering  recently  at  the  International 
Institute,  121  E.  11th  street,  Oakland. 
Approximately    175   persons  attended. 

Dr.  F.  Y.  Lee  spoke  on  the  necessity 
of  close  cooperation  in  the  Chinese 
communities,  and  stressed  the  impor- 
tance of  the  moral  support  of  women 
and  the  formation  in  the  near  future  of 
a  women's  auxiliary  of  the  Chinese 
Center. 

Dr.  J.  J.  Lee  gave  a  resume  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  Oakland  Chinese  Center, 
while  Dr.  C.  G.  Lee  thanked  all  present 
for  their  support. 

The  outstanding  laugh  of  the  evening 
was  provided  by  Henry  Lum.  With  his 
rendition  of  Chinese  songs,  the  youthful 
Mr.  Lum  "rolled  them  in  the  aisles". 

Mrs.  Pardee  Lowe,  wife  of  the  former 
track  star,  rendered  several  piano  solos 
and  gave  her  interpretation  of  Chinese 
folk  songs.  Harry  Dong  also  sang  two 
musical  selections. 

Rounding  out  the  evening  in  fine  style, 
motion  pictures  were  shown,  bridge  and 
Mah  Jong  were  played,  and  refreshments 
served. 

•  • 

ARTISTS  GIVE  BANQUET 

A  banquet  was  held  by  the  officers  of 
the  Chinese  Art  Association  last  Wed- 
nesday to  greet  their  American  artist 
friends  and  advisors,  as  well  as  to  plan 
for  a  coming  exhibit  in  one  of  the  large 
museums  of  San  Francisco.  This  exhibit 
will  display  oil  paintings,  pen  and  ink 
sketches,  etchings,  sculptures,  and  carv- 
ings. The  exhibit  will  be  supplemented  by 
a  large  collection  of  historic  Chinese  art 
objects  and  antiques. 

•  • 

HALLOWE'EN  SOCIAL 

A  Hallowe'en  social  was  given  by  the 
Juniors  of  the  Court  Our  Lady  of  China 
(Chinese  branch  of  the  Catholic  Daugh- 
ters of  America)  on  fhe  evening  of  Nov. 
1,  and  was  attended  by  more  than  twenty 
of  the  members.  The  social  was  held  in 
the  girls'  clubroom  at  the  Catholic  Chi- 
nese Center.  Games  were  played  under 
the  direction  of  Mrs.  Wm.  Stafford,  a 
senior  member  of  the  Court,  which  pro- 
voked much  fun  and  hilarity.  Over 
twenty  members  of  the  various  boys'  clubs 
in  the  Center  wrre  guests  at  this  social. 
Refreshments   were  served. 


Hallowe'en  Social 

In  preparation  for  the  Business  and 
Industrial  Girls'  Mid-winter  Conference 
to  be  held  in  Sacramento  early  next  year, 
the  Nine  Six  Five  Club  entertained  at  a 
benefit  Hallowe'en  Card  Party  at  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  on  Tuesday  even- 
ing, October  29.  The  Hallowe'en  motif 
was  carried  out  in  decorations  and 
refreshments.  In  charge  of  arrangements 
were  Miss  Delma  Mark,  the  president 
of  the  club,  Mrs.  Ella  Chan,  and  Miss 
May  Louie. 

•  • 

PENTHOUSE  PARTY 

A  Penthouse  Party  was  given  by  the 
Chinese  Tennis  Association  last  Sunday, 
November  10,  at  the  Hotel  Cecil  Pent- 
house, 545  Post  Street.  The  party  lasted 
from  12  noon  to  6  P.  M.  ,wth  65  mem- 
bers of  the  "Chitena"  attending. 

Miss  Josephine  Chang  acted  as  host- 
ess, and  did  so  admirably,  as  the  success 
of  it  proved.  Mah  Jong,  whist,  tin  gow 
and  bridge  games  were  played.  Dancing 
was  also   enjoyed  by  all   present. 

The  bridge  tournament  was  won  by 
Hayne  Hall  and  Martin  Lau,  and  were 
awarded  prizes  donated  by  the  Jing  Loy 
Co.  and  Hall's  Sport  Shop.  The  raffle 
was  won   by   Willie    Gee. 

Tea     and     refreshments     were     served. 

Afterward   many   members  continued  the 

party  at  the  Far  East  Cafe  at  dinner. 

•  • 

BARN  DANCE 

Delta  Phi  Sigma,  Chinese  fraternity  at 
the  University  of  California,,  has  a  barn 
dance  scheduled  for  Thanksgiving  Eve, 
November  27,  at  the  Native  Sons'  Audi- 
torium. The  dance  will  be  given  in 
rustic  setting  of  the  conventional  har- 
vest time.  Overalls,  jeans,  straw  hats, 
gingham  dresses,  sunbonnets,  and  a  pi 
of  straw  behind  the  ears  will  be  la  mod 
du  moment. 


nnmnmTi'iTinnHnnitiiiiinTuiniiiniiiiiiniiiiiiiMHiiiiminiTiiiTiiniiiiTintiTn 

Compliments   of 

NATIONAL 

DOLLAR 

STORES 


Nation-Wide 
Institution 


November   15,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page   11 


FAS 


IONS 


Vive  La  Belle  Chinois 

By  CLARA  CHAN 

San  Francisco's  recent  Century  of 
Commerce  celebration  provided  a  back- 
ground for  Chinese  fashions  that  has 
rarely  been  equaled  and  a  spectacle  in 
which  a  score  of  beautiful  Chinese  girls 
acquitted  themselves  with  great  credit 
both  to  themselves  and  the  Chinese  peo- 
ple as  a  whole. 

I  refer  to  International  Night,  Oct- 
ober 15,  when  a  Chinese  Fashion  Show 
was  produced  on  the  temporary  stage  in 
Portsmouth  Square.  The  famous  old 
Square  was  the  setting  for  a  four  night's 
gala  reproduction  of  scenes  and  enter- 
tainment reminiscent  of  early  days  in  the 
Bay  City,  at  which  tens  of  thousands 
from  all  Northern  California  gathered. 

The  streets  about  the  Square  were 
jammed  with  humanity.  All  traffic  was 
detoured  and  street  cars  were  held  up  or 
re-routed,  so  dense  was  the  crowd  of 
spectators.     Brilliant     lighting    added     to 


"""""" iiliimyi 


iniiiim 


THE    JADE 

Beauty  Shop 

Permanents  and   Finger 
Waving  a  Specialty 

850  JACKSON  STREET 
Telephone  CHina  2233 


the   effectiveness    of   the   setting. 

Chinese  Mannequins 

To  the  music  of  a  modern  dance  band 
playing  in  the  cadence  of  the  Orient  the 
Chinese  mannequins  made  their  appear- 
ance, each  attired  in  the  lovely  colors 
and  combinations  of  colors  that  have, 
since  the  beginning  of  time,  distin- 
guished Chinese  women's  apparel  as 
dignified,  modest,  and  beautiful.  There 
were  gowns  from  many  periods,  from 
the  dynastic  down  to  the  smart,  fetching 
creations  of  today. 

Like  a  figure  from  the  old  dynastic 
period,  Mrs.  Earl  Louie  modelled  a 
ceremonial  robe  for  the  bride  of  old 
Cathay.  Her  white  satin  blouse,  reaching 
almost  to  her  knee,  was  worn  over  an 
accordian  pleated  skirt  of  blue  brocade. 
The  skirt,  like  the  blouse,  was  straight 
and  full  in  cut,  so  typical  of  clothes  worn 
in  China  a  century  back.  An  interesting 
feature  of  this  skirt  is  the  hand  tucked 
pleats,  each  pleat  tacked  in  place  by  hid- 
den stitches.  Extended  from  the  sleeves 
were  deep  bands  of  multi-color  em- 
broidery to  cover  the  hands  of  the 
modest  bride.  A  pompomed  headdress, 
resembling  an  elaborate  tiara,  demurely 
covered   the    forehead. 

Bridal  Costume 

Another  bridal  costume  in  subdued 
hues  of  red  and  green,  was  worn  by 
Miss  Virginia  Wong.  To  add  to  the  his- 
toric picture  of  her  ensemble,  Miss 
Wong  wore  a  pair  of  Chinese  wedding 
slippers.  These  slippers  are  made  much 
like    embroidered    slippers   we    see    in    the 


shops  of  Chinatown,  but  for  the  ex- 
ception of  a  block  of  wood  placed  at  the 
very  center  of  each  sole.  The  wearer  bal- 
ancng  precariously  upon  each  step  she 
took,  offered  not  a  clumsy,  but  a  quaint 
and   charming  picture. 

Chinese  fashions,  unlike  Occidental 
fashions,  change  slowly.  In  the  first  years 
of  the  new  Republic,  the  change  was  de- 
finitely towards  simplicity.  Lines  became 
more  fitted,  sleeves  shorter,  and  heavy 
embroidered  trimmings  were  used  less. 
Trousers  took  place  of  skirts,  and  became 
popular  among  the  young  and  soph- 
isticated. Mrs.  Thomas  Chinn's  ensemble 
of  trousers  and  fitted  short  blouse,  was 
of  Chinese  red  satin.  The  blouse,  made 
like  a  vest,  had  white  satin  sleeves  of 
elbow  length  and  quite  wide.  The  begin- 
ning of  the  popular  demand  for  sequins 
was  indicated  in  this  ensemble  which  had 
a  gold  sequin  band  of  two  inches  in  width 
as  trimming. 

(Continued   to   Page    15) 

mill Illllllllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMlllllMllllllll»l!lllini!i:illlilimiiiniiiiiii:5; 

Jessie's  Beauty  Shop 

Open  From  Nine  to  Six 

Sundays  and  Evenings  by 
Appointment 

1122  Powell  St.       CHina  1622 

Bring    This    Ad    and    Receive    a 
Finger  Wave  for  Thirty-five  Cents 


Page   12 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  15,  1935 


AMUSEMENTS 


M.-G.-M.  To  Screen 
Good  Earth 

The  sensational  story  of  Wang  Lung 
emeiging  from  his  status  of  a  starving 
farmer  to  that  of  an  affluent  Mandarin 
will  be  screened  by  Metro-Goldwyn- 
Mayer  Studio,  according  to  a  dispatch 
from  Hollywood. 

The  prize  novel  by  Pearl  Buck  has 
been  scenarioed  into  a  Thalberg  pro- 
duction and  is  expected  to  be  released  in 
March,  1936.  The  cast  will  include  Paul 
Muni,  the  sensation  of  "Scar  Face"  as 
Wang  Lung,  and  Louise  Rainier,  a  new 
star  hailed  from  Vienna,  as  his  mate.  The 
director  is  Victor  Flemming. 

It  is  learned  that  the  M.-G.-M.  Studio 
has  previously  spent  over  a  million  doll- 
ars in  China  in  photographing  the  actual 
scenes  in  China. 

Due  to  the  objections  from  the  public- 
ity department  of  the  Central  Kuomin- 
tang  headquarters  in  Nanking,  the  pro- 
duction of  the  picture  has  been  delayed. 
At  present  the  publicity  department  has 
appointed  General  T.  H.  Tu  to  go  to 
Hollywood  to  supervise  the  making  of 
the  picture  so  that  nothing  derogatory  to 
China  will  appear  in  the   picture. 


EDUCATIONAL  FILMS 

The  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  has  been  con- 
ducting an  Educational  Motion  Picture 
Program  continuously  since  the  latter 
part  of  1933.  To  start  with,  the  pictures 
were  shown  only  once  a  week,  but  the  at- 
tendance became  so  large  that  it  was  nec- 
essary to  have  two  classes,  one  for  adults 
and  one  for  children.  Later,  even  this 
became  inadequate  to  serve  the  large  num- 
bers: therefore  two  evenings  were  set 
aside,  Thursday  and  Friday,  from  8  to  9 
p.  m.  for  children,  9  to   10  for  adults. 

The  average  attendance  is  1200  per 
week.  For  special  pictures  or  programs, 
or  for  sound  pictures,  the  attendance 
reaches  2000   for  the  four   performances. 

Science,  travel,  health,  disease  preven- 
tion, industrial  progress,  current  events, 
comedies  and  special  pictures  for  China 
(news,  war,  drama)  are  the  subjects 
shown.  Last  week  pictures  of  the  leading 
football  teams  of  this  year  were  shown. 

This  program  meets  a  definite  educa- 
tional and  recreational  need,  and  serves 
the  Chinese  people  in  a  useful  way.  The 
continued  attendance  is  an  indication  of 
the  widespread  interest.  At  first  the  men 
who  attended  were  mostly  unemployed  old 
men,  but  now  business  men,  men  of  all 
ages,  girls,   and  women  are  interested. 


You  Haven't  Seen 

CHINATOWN 


Unless  You've  Been  to 

THE 

MANDARIN 

THEATRE 

The  Only 

CHINESE 

OPERA 

IN 

AMERICA 


TEN  -  TWENTY  -  ONE 

GRANT  AVENUE 
San  Francisco 


"HERE  WE  ARE,  MAE" 

We  read  where  Mae  West  has  been 
unable  to  secure  the  services  of  Chinese 
musicians  who  play  real  Chinese  instru- 
ments, for  her  new  picture,  "Klondike 
Lou",  and  was  forced  to  hire  twelve 
unique  Chinese  who  were  able  to  do  some- 
thing with  the  "pay-pa"  and  "yut-kum". 
Perhaps  she  does  not  know  that  there 
is  a  Nam  Chung  Musical  Society  in  San 
Francisco.  These  men  were  recently  in 
San  Diego  for  California  Day  and  they 
may  be  termed  genuine  Chinese  music- 
ians. They  also  played  for  the  Century  of 
Commerce  fete. 

•  • 

WHEELER  HALL   (Berkeley) 

"Night   Over  Taos."     A  play  about 
the    early   invasion   of  New  Mexico   by 
Americans.      Something    you    will     re- 
member. 
PINE  STREET  PLAYERS 

"Monkey      House."      Dealing      with 
artists  along  the  east   fringe   of   China- 
town.      This     will    be    amusing    to    those 
Chinese     who      "go     slumming"     there 
occasionally. 


SCREEN   REVIEW 

WARFIELD 

"In  Old  Kentucky,"  starring  Will 
Rogers.  The  story  of  a  humorous 
philosophic  horse  trainer  of  the  Old 
South;  worth  seeing,   bring  children. 

PARAMOUNT 

"O'Shaugnessy's  Boy,"  with  Wallace 
Beery  and  Jackie  Cooper.  Lots  of  fun, 
but  leave  the  adults  at  some  night  club 
before  going. 

UNITED  ARTIST 

"Red  Salute,"  with  Barbara  Stan- 
wyck and  Robert  Young.  Dashing  love 
along  the  Mexican  border.  No  chance 
to  yawn   in  this  crazy  story. 

GOLDEN  GATE 

"It's  In  The  Air,"  with  Jack  Benny 
and  Una  Merkel.  A  screen  presenta- 
tion  of   a  musical  comedy. 

ST.  FRANCIS 

"Dr.  Socrates,"  starring  Paul  Muni. 
Medical  students  will  like  this  heroic 
fight. 

ORPHEUM 

"Remember  Last  Night,"  with  Edward 
Arnold.  If  you  like  murder,  go  by  all 
means. 

FOX 

"Ship    Cafe"    and    "Wanderer    of    the 
Wasteland."     Idea  for  those  who  read    10 
cent   magazines. 

GEARY 

"A  Midsummer  Night's  Dream." 
Max  Reinhardt's  version  of  Shake- 
speare's musical  comedy;  novel  treat- 
ment and  judicious  alteration.  Very 
entertaining. 

•  • 

STAGE  REVIEW 

CURRAN 

"Bitter  Sweet."  One  of  a  few  good 
operetas  that  crossed  the  plains.  Worth 
hearing. 

COLUMBIA 

"Common  Flesh."  Rather  common, 
but  the  meat  is  well  done.  Ideal  for 
the   tired   business   executives. 

PRESIDENT 

"The  Gossipy  Sex."  For  the  sippy 
and  the  gossipy,  this  play  will  prove 
amusing. 

OPERA  HOUSE 

"Operatunities."   You  mingle  with    the 
stars  after  the  show,  or  at  least  you  drink    ' 
a  cup  of  tea. 


November   15,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page   13 


SPORTS 


Cage  Tossers 


By  Fred  George  Woo 

Endeavoring  to  revive  enthusiasm  for  bas- 
ketball among  the  young  Chinese,  Wah  Ying 
Club  is  sponsoring  its  first  annual  Bay  Re- 
gion Chinese  Basketball  Championship 
Tournament  to  commence  in  December, 
on  a  round-robin  basis. 

Formerly  a  most  popular  sport,  basketball 
has  been  on  the  wane  during  recent  years, 
due  partly  to    the  depression. 

"A  major  tournament,  fairly  conducted, 
will  restore  intense  interest  in  this  branch  of 
sport,"  declared  James  Jung,  chairman  of  the 
Wah   Ying   Athletic    Committee. 

Invitations  have  been  sent  out  by  Daniel 
Yee,  general  chairman,  to  various  local, 
Oakland,  Berkeley,  San  Jose,  San  Mateo,  Palo 
Alto,  and  other  Bay  Region  Chinese  clubs  to 
participate.  Competition  will  be  stiff,  accord- 
ing to  Andrew  Sue,  president  of  Wah  Ying. 
Several  other  officials  ventured  an  opinion 
that  this  tournament  will  be  an  outstanding 
sport  event  of  the  Chinese. 

Silver  Trophy 

The  sponsor  is  donating  a  large  silver 
three-year  perpetual  trophy  for  the  winning 
team,  as  well  as  gold  medals  to  its  players. 
Silver  medals  will  be  awarded  to  members 
of  the  runner-up  team.  At  the  close  of  league 
play,  all-star  teams  will  be  selected,  with 
those  named  receiving  ribbons  in  recogni- 
tion of  their  outstanding  play. 

All  league  contests  will  be  played  at  the 
!  French  Court,  625  Pine  Street,  San  Fran- 
cisco. The  opening  game  is  slated  for  Sunday 
afternoon,  December   15. 

Entries  will  close  November  15.  Complete 
information  and  entry  blanks  are  obtainable 
at  Wah  Ying  Club,  844  Clay  Street,  'phone 
CHina  0844. 


WAKU  REORGANIZING 

Reports  from  across  the  bay  have  it 
that  the  Waku  Club  is  reorganizing  a 
basketball  team  this  year  to  enter  the 
Wah  Ying  Cage  League.  We  hear  that 
it  will  be  a  powerful  team,  to  consist  of 
several  veteran  performers  and  a  few 
up-and-coming  youngsters. 

CHINESE  GIRL  TENNIS  STAR 

One  of  the  tennis  sensations  on  the 
English  courts  this  year  was  Gem 
Hoaking,  a  fifteen-year  old  Chinese  girl. 
£uled  too  young  to  compete  for  the 
Junior  Wimbledon  championships  re- 
:ently  in  London,  she  was  given  an 
impire's  post  in  the  title  matches  as  a 
:onsolation. 


ROUGH  HOUSE  TACTICS 

Chi-Fornian  Club's  basketball  team  has, 
so  far  this  season,  engaged  in  two  games. 
In  their  opener,  they  invaded  the  lair 
of  the  San  Francisco  Boy  Club  hoopsters. 
With  four  minutes  to  play  in  the  last 
quarter,  the  tilt  was  declared  "no  con- 
test" by  the  referee,  when  the  home  team, 
according  to  the  official,  resorted  to  foot- 
ball and  wrestling  tactics.  Half-time 
score  favored   the  Chinese,    17-8. 

Last  week  the  Chi-Fornians  lost  to  the 
Evening  High  School  of  Commerce  un- 
limiteds  by  a  tally  of  60-47,  at  the  Com- 
merce gym.  However,  the  Chi-Fornian 
players  hope  to  improve  their  team  and 
defensive  work  by  the  time  the  Chinese 
League  comes  along. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  players  on  the 
squad:  Herbert  Louie,  Athletic  manager; 
Victor  Wong,  Richard  Wong,  Jack  Lee, 
Ted  Lee,  James  Hall,  Fred  Woo,  Jack 
Look,  and  Francis   Mark. 


Sport  Shorts 


Frank  Chin,  a  Chinese  boy  who  resides 
in  Salinas  and  attends  the  Union  High 
School  there,  is  a  good  football  player. 
It  is  unfortunate,  for  Frank  at  least, 
that  Salinas  turns  out  championship 
teams  year  after  year.  Frank  would  have 
been  a  shining  star  on  most  any  other 
prep  team. 

•  • 

Speaking  of  Salinas,  do  you  know 
that   Edward    "Lefty"    Chan    lives   there? 

Ed,  a  few  years  ago,  was  one  of  the 
best  Chinese  pitchers  in  baseball  and 
who  played  on  the  Francisco  and  Poly 
nines. 

•  • 

We  hear  that  the  Chinese  All-High 
Basketball  League  may  start  their  season 
sometime  late  in  November.  Teams  from 
Poly,  Commerce,  Lowell,  Mission,  and 
Galileo  will  comprise  the  league.  It  is 
rumored  that  S.  F.  J.  C  and  S.  F.  State 
desire  to  join  in  the  prep  league  also. 

•  • 

Earl  Wong,  who  plavs  on  the  Chinese 
Scout  Varsity  Basketball  Team,  also  plays 
on  the  Univerrity  of  California  freshman 
five.    Earl  is  a  forward. 

•  • 

Jack  Look,  who  starred  for  the  San 
Rafael  High  basketball  and  tennis  varsit- 
ies a  few  years  ago,  has  a  swell  nickname. 
For  some  unknown  reason,  friends  call 
him  "Runt". 


Arthur  Hee's  Shangtai  basketball 
team  will  again  have  for  its  players  this 
coming  season  Charlie  Hing,  of  All-City 
fame  from  Polytechnic  High  School, 
and  Gerald  Leong,  former  Commerce 
Varsity  forward.  Joe  Chew,  an  ex- 
Sequoia  High    star,  will   be   manager. 

•  • 

There  is  an  unconfirmed  story  that 
Albert  Quong  Lee,  former  gridiron  stal- 
wart and  man-about-town  these  days, 
stood  at  a  street  corner  on  a  chilly  night 
for  two  hours,  waiting  for  his  lady  fair 
to  show  up. 

P.  S.  She  did  not. 

•  • 

One  of  the  most  promising  basket- 
ball players  among  the  youngsters  is 
Henry  Kan,  who  plays  forward  on  the 
Troop  Three  Scout  team,  coached  by 
Don  Lee,  former  Commerce  star.  Hank 
is  following  in  the  footsteps  of  his 
brother,  Bill,  who  was  an  outstanding 
point-getter  a  few  years  ago. 

•  • 

Most  people  do  not  know  that  a  Chi- 
nese boy  plays  on  the  San  Francisco 
State  football  eleven.  Scan  the  roster 
and  you  will  come  across  the  name  of 
Ed  Yee,  alternate  regular  end.  Although 
not  an  Ail-American  candidate  by  any 
means,  he  is,  nevertheless,  a  valuable  man 
on  the  squad.  Ed  hails  from  an  East  Bay 
high  school. 

Rumors  have  been  afloat  for  some  time 
that  an  attempt  is  being  made  to  organ- 
ize a  Chinese  football  team  this  year.  So 
far,   nothing   definite   has  been    reported. 

•  • 

A  "touch  tackle"  football  league, 
with  several  games  already  played,  was 
organized  by  the  Chinese  Playground, 
according  to  Oliver  Chang,  director. 
Games  are  played  on  Sundays,  under  the 
supervision  of  Fred  Mar. 

•  • 

REFEREES  SELECTED 

Two  popular  referees  have  been  se- 
lected to  officiate  at  all  contests  of  the 
Wah  Ying  Bay  Region  Chinese  Basket- 
ball Championship  Tournament.  They 
are  Leland  Stanford  and  Al  Deasy, 
according  to  an  announcement  by  Gen- 
eral  Manager   Daniel   Yee. 

A  statement  was  also  issued  that 
special  official  basketball  programs  will 
be  printed  and  distributed  free  through- 
out the  season  as  souvenirs.  The  spon- 
sors w'sh  to  call  all  clubs'  attention  to 
the  fact  that  entries  for  the  league  close 
on  Friday,   November  15. 


m   i  rt 


Page    14 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November   15,  1935 


BOOKS 


By  William  Hoy 


My  Country  and 
My  People 

by  Lin  Yutang.  382  p.  illus.  New  York, 
Reynal  &  Hitchcock.  A  John  Day  Book. 
Price:  #3.00. 

Self-criticism  is  a  virtue  which  few 
racial  groups  in  this  hectic  race-conscious 
world  ever  practice.  In  a  country  with 
an  immemorable  and  glorious  civiliza- 
tion and  culture  such  as  China  self- 
criticism  is  doubly  difficult,  and  the  rea- 
son is  not  far  to  seek.  China's  civiliza- 
tion is  old  and  it  has  taken  her  many 
centuries  to  reach  her  present  state  of 
unhappy  senility;  but  she  still  lives,  and 
in  that  very  fact  is  to  be  discovered  the 
reason  for  her  stubborn  pride  and  in- 
ability for  self -criticism.—  to  acknow- 
ledge not  only  her  past  greatness  but, 
what  is  most  important  for  her  continued 
existence  as  a  nation,  to  know  and  face 
her  present  weaknesses,  faults,  and  rea- 
sons   for  her  backwardness. 

China  Alone  Survives 

In  the  course  of  her  long  civilization 
China  has  witnessed  the  rise  and  dissolu- 
tions of  nations  within  her  hearing  dis- 
tance. She  alone  has  survived,  and  be- 
cause she  is  still  living  she  has  assumed 
that  she  has  discovered  the  right  rules 
of  living  and  conduct,  for  how  else  could 
she  have  existed  so  long?  Ergo,  there  is 
nothing  wrong  with  her  and  self-criti- 
cism was  needless.  Apply  this  same  mea- 
suring stick  to  individuals,  Chinese  or 
otherwise,  and  the  result  would  be  the 
same. 

For  obvious  reasons  the  ability  to 
grasp  and  to  interpret  the  virtues  and 
the  faults  of  one's  people,  not  using 
psychological,  analytical  methods,  but 
the  simple  formula  of  "human  values", 
is  also  difficult  to  achieve.  When  one  has 
combined  this  quality  with  the  ability  to 
"search  inwardly  and  examine  one's 
wisdom",  in  the  words  of  Mencius,  one 
has  achieved  a  feat  not  without  signifi- 
cance  to   posterity. 

Pearl   Buck's   Opinion 

Such  an  intellectual  quality  is  present 
in  Dr.  Lin  Yu-tang,  whose  book  Pearl  S. 
Buck  describes  in  her  Foreward  as„_. 
"truthful  and  not  ashamed  of  the  truth: 
it  is  written  proudly  and  humorously 
and  wirh  beauty,  seriously  and  with 
gaiety,  appreciative  and  understanding 
of  both  old  and  new.  It  is,  I  think,  the 
most  profound,  the  most  complete,  the 
most  important  book  yet  written  about 
China". 

Any  one  who  has  read  the  Rev.  Arthur 
Smith's  "Chinese  Characteristics",  writ- 
ten at  the  end  of  the  last  century,  will, 
after    perusal    of   Dr.    Lin's    work,   appre- 


ciate the  true  quality  of  the  latter's  book. 
In  the  former,  an  American  missionary 
attempted  to  analyse  in  the  light  of 
Christian  ethics  and  what  little  psychol- 
ogical formula  which  was  then  in  exist- 
ence, the  moral,  intellectual,  physical 
and  political  genius  of  the  Chinese.  The 
result  was  a  greatly  exaggerated  work  of 
character  exposition.  Moreover,  the 
book's  literary  quality  was  conspicouous 
for  its  dryness  and  on  the  whole  showed 
the  writer's  appalling  ignorance  of  Chi- 
nese culture. 

H.  L.  Mencken  of  China 

In  Dr.  Lin's  work,  however,  we  have 
the  product  of  a  man  whose  scholarship 
and  intellectual  progressiveness,  both  in 
foreign  countries  as  well  as  in  his  native 
land,  is  unquestioned.  He  is  known  as 
one  of  the  country's  two  ablest  critics _ 
an  H.  L.  Mencken  of  China.  He  is  liter- 
ary, humorous,  philosophical,  at  times 
cynical,  but  always  interesting.  When  he 
choses  to  write  in  English  he  is  a  thoro- 
going  journalist. 

"My  Country  and  My  People"  con- 
sists of  nine  chapters,  a  Prologue  and  an 
Epilogue,  and  is  divided  into  two  parts. 
Chapter  I  describes  the  people  as  a  race 
and  its  cultural  solidity.  He  defines  the 
differences  existing  between  the  southern 
and  northern  peoples  in  their  physique, 
temperament  and  habits;  the  inter-mix- 
ture of  the  various  tribes;  the  cultural 
and  ethnological  significance  of  the 
cycles  of  peace  and  wars  stretching  over 
a  period  of  two  thousand  years.  Whereas 
the  active  physical  qualities  of  the  race 
were  prevented  from  degenerating  by  the 
periodic  infusion  of  new  blood  from  the 
North,  China's  cultural  stability  was 
primarily  the  outcome  of  the  absence  of 
established  classes. 

Chinese   Character   Discussed 

Chapter  II  discusses  the  Chinese 
character,  and  here  Dr.  Lin's  philo- 
sophical humor  and  cynicism  comes  into 
play.  He  lists  fifteen  Chinese  character- 
istics and  proceeds  to  examine  their  vir- 
tues and  their  faults.  Among  the  people's 
good  characteristics  he  put  down  sanity, 
simplicity,  love  of  nature,  fecundity, 
industry,  frugality,  love  of  family  life, 
humor,  conservatism,  and  sensuality. 
Among  the  other  characteristics  which 
he  considered  more  as  vices  than  virtues 
are  patience,  indifference,  old  roguery, 
pacifism,  and  contentment.  All  these 
traits  of  character  he  grouped  into  one 
word:  mellowness,  which  is  a  quality  of 
mind  possible  only  to  an  old  nation  and 
which  means  "the  supremecy  of  the  mind 
over  emotions,  and  an  overwhelming 
assurance   that  the  human  mind,  through 


jo  pue  jjas  s^auo  .jo  SurpuEjsjapun  sji 
one's  fellowmen,  is  able  to  adjust  itself 
to  the  most  unfavorable  circumstances 
and  triumph   over  them". 

The  Chinese  Mind 

The  next  chapter  deals  with  the  Chi- 
nese mind  and  here  the  author  defends 
the  Chinese  people's  lack  of  science  and 
their  curious  system  of  logic,  or  rather 
lack  of  it.  Most  writers  on  China, 
whether  native  or  foreign,  never  cease  to 
throw  brick-bats  at  the  Chinese  people's 
lack  of  an  analytical  mind.  Dr.  Lin  says, 
however,  that  "the  Chinese  mind  de- 
lights only  in  moral  platitudes",  and 
that  "the  scientific  method,  besides  being 
analytical,  always  involves  an  amount  of 
stupid  drudgery,  while  the  Chinese  be- 
lieve in  flashes  of  common  sense  and 
insight.  No  Chinese  could  possibly  be 
stupid  enough  to  write  a  dissertation  on 
ice-cream,  and  after  a  series  of  careful 
observations,  announce  the  staggering 
conclusion  that  the  prrimary  functions 
of  sugar  in  the  manufacture  of  ice-cream 
is  to  sweeten  it;  or  that,  in  "A  study  of 
the  bacterial  content  of  cotton  under- 
shirts, the  number  of  bacteria  tends  to 
increase  with  the  length  of  time  gar- 
ments  are  worn." 

China's  Womanhood 
The  chapter  following  discusses 
Ideals  of  Lifeand  embraced  Chinese 
humanism,  Confucius'  Doctrine  of  the 
Golden  Mean,  Taoism,  and  Buddhism. 
Here  again  the  author's  flashes  of  humor 
enliven  an  otherwise  serious  topic-humor 
which  is  part  and  parcel  of  the  writer's 
philosophy  and  not  just  an  attempt  to  be 
facetious. 

Part  two  is  given  over  to  the  examin- 
ation of  China's  womanhood,  its  social 
and  political  life,  its  literature  and  its 
artistic  life  and,  finally,  the  Chinese  way 
of  living.  The  longest  chapter  of  part 
two  is  devoted  deservedly  to  literature.  In 
this  and  the  following  chapter  on  the 
artistic  life  the  author  shows  his  pro- 
found understanding,  and  not  merely  an 
accumulated  knowledge,  of  Chinese  cul- 
ture. This  portion  of  the  book  is  all  too 
short. 

It  is  in  the  chapters  on  China's  social 
and  political  life  and  in  the  epilogue 
that  Dr.  Lin  applies  the  searchlight  of 
self-criticism  in  an  effort  to  understand 
the  country's  present  state  of  chaos  by 
examining  the  country's  past  history  and 
culture,  searching  for  a  possible  cause. 
The  cause  of  China's  present  chaos  he 
found  to  be  a  Female  Triad  called  Face, 
Fate,  and  Favor.  China  has  alwavs  been 
governed  by  a  system  of  morals,  but  thil  1 
(Continued  to  Page   15) 


November   15,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page   15 


SAMPAN  AND  CARAVAN 


Fashions 

(Continued  from   Page    11) 
Trend  Toward  Long    Dress 

The  long  dress  was  first  adopted  by 
fashion  leaders  in  Shanghai,  the  Paris  of 
China.  The  change  in  the  beginning  was 
restrained  and  simple  in  cut.  Several 
beautiful  creations  of  this  period  re- 
ceived the  hearty  plaudits  of  the  crowd. 
Miss  Elaine  Chinn's  gown  of  deep  blue 
satin  embroidered  with  fine  silver  cord 
in  large  Chrysanthemum  patterns,  was 
worn  with  a  pair  of  pink  satin  trousers 
embroidered  in  gold  cord  in  the  same 
floral  pattern. 

Miss  Helen  Jow's  stunning  white  satin 
trimmed  with  silver  sequins  and  Miss 
Mae  Chinn's  blue  gown  studded  with 
large,  loose  red  sequins,  were  two  out- 
standing models  of  the  early  "long 
gown"  period.  From  the  high  collar  to 
the  ankle-tipped  hem,  these  dresses  were 
unbroken  in  line,  hence  the  appropiate 
term  "long  gown".  Semi-fitted,  with 
modest  slits  on  the  sides,  and  with  sleeves 
in  width  of  five  to  six  inches,  elbow 
length,  this  style  of  long  dresses  re- 
mained popular  for  many  years. 
Cut  More  Daring 

Today,  the  leading  dress  makers  in 
Shanghai  and  HongKong  have  retained 
the  long  gown  mode.  The  cut,  however, 
has  become  more  daring,  and  the  silhou- 
ette with  a  Western  caption  -  "stream- 
line". High  slits  reach  to  the  knee,  in 
some,  above  the  knee.  Extremely  form 
fitting,  these  gowns  are  most  becoming  to 
the  slenderness  of  the  Chinese  women. 
Collars,  traditional  in  Chinese  dresses 
of  all  ages,  are  three  or  four  inches  in 
height.  Sleeves,  undergoing  an  astound- 
ing change,  have  given  way  from  the 
wide  flowing  type  to  the  very  short  nar- 
row ones.  Also,  the  ingenious  treatment 
of  old  embroidery  on  new  fabrics,  and 
the  use  of  sequins  of  the  loose  type  are 
to  be  noted. 

Miss  Constance  King  featured  a  gown 
of  the  modern  period  in  red  satin  with 
daring   high   slits. 

Miss  Helen  Fong's  crepe  gown,  lovely 
with  its  embroidered  yoke  and  collar,  was 
of  the  new  Renaissance  green.  The  em- 
broidery of  the  old  Mandarin  work  was 
was  repeated  as  trimming  on  the  hem 
and  the  two  side  slits. 

Miss  Lorraine  Chinn's  white  satin 
wrap  with  large  gold  sequin  leaves 
loosely  studded,  proved  an  intertsing  ver- 
sion of  the  American  evening  wraps.  It 
retained  the  high  collar,  but  cut  knee 
length,  opened  in  front  instead  of  the 
usual  side  fastening  of  Chinese  clothes. 
Casual  in  line,  long  sleeves,  brilliant  with 


Chinese  Silk  Trade 
Booms 

Chinese  export  of  silk  showed  a  marked 
increase  during  recent  months  as  a 
result  of  the  Italy-Ethiopia  imbroglio. 
The  fear  of  a  blockade  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean sea  route  has  diverted  buyers  of 
silk  materials  toward  the  Far  East. 
Italian  silk  and  rayon  have  been  formi- 
dable competitors  with  Chinese  silk,  and 
now  war  time  economy  and  transport- 
ation difficulties  have  curtailed  Italian 
supply  and  helped  to  increase  Chinese 
export. 

According  to  statistics  compiled  by 
the  ministry  of  finance  in  China,  silk  at 
the  present  occupies  only  an  unimport- 
ant place  among  the  commodities  of 
export  from  China.  It  was  formerly  the 
most  important  item  in  the  export  list 
but  has  long  been  relegated  to  an 
insignificant  place  on  account  of  foreign 
competition.  With  the  African  situation 
at  its  height,  Chinese  silk  export  is  ex- 
pected to  boom  for  a  while. 


loose    sequins,    the   wrap    is   adaptabe    for 
both  American  and  Chinese   fashion. 
Chinese  Stage  Beauty 

Miss  Li  Ta  Ming,  popular  singer  at 
the  Club  Cairo,  wore  the  only  stage  crea- 
tion. Although  her  gown  was  modern,  of 
white  crepe  with  large  rose  pattern  em- 
broidery, her  short  wrap  was  of  the 
Chinese  stage.  Intricate  in  cut  and  de- 
sign, with  a  profusion  of  silver  as  well  as 
silk  thread  and  even  fur  embroidery,  the 
dramatic  effect  was  heightened  by  arti- 
ficial  Chinese  flowers  worn   in   the  air. 

To  the  strains  of  "Chinese  Lullaby" 
and  "Chinatown,"  sung  by  the  golden 
voiced  Miss  Li,  the  splendid  display  of 
dazzling  gowns  ended  all   too   soon. 


Chinese  Bronze 

(Continued  from  Page  9) 
libation  and  offering  of  sacramental 
food.  Newer  bronzes  were  made  at  that 
time  and  these  have  acquired  functions: 
celebration  of  victories,  expression  of 
penitence  and  prayer,  awards  for  merito- 
rious service,  confirmation  of  appoint- 
ment, birthday  memorials,  insignia  of 
kingly  authority,  etc. 

Have  Few  Equals 

As  to  artistry  and  technique,  Herrlee 
Glessner  Creel  claimed  that  they  have 
had  few  equals  and  no  superior,  in  all 
the  world  before  or  since  their  own  days. 

"The  casting  of  these  bronzes,    in   the 


Books 

(Continued  from  Page  14) 
system  can  no  longer  accomplish  its  pur- 
poses; in  fact,  it  never  did.  "The  plain, 
inexorable  political  and  historical  truth 
is  that  when  you  treat  officials  like 
gentlemen,  as  we  have  been  doing  in 
China,  one-tenth  of  them  will  be  gentle- 
men and  nine-tenths  of  them  will  be 
crooks.  What  China  needs  is  neither 
benevolence,  nor  righteousness,  nor 
honor,  but  simple  justice,  or  the  courage 
to  shoot  those  officials  who  are  neither 
benevolent,  righteous,  nor  honorable". 
A  harsh  attitude,  to  be  sure,  and  the 
words  were  possibly  written  when  the 
author  was  in  a  pessimistic  and  cynical 
mood,  but,  nevertheless,  there  is  pro- 
found truth  in  this  dictum. 

Envisions  a  Savior 
And  the  author  closes  his  book  with  a 
sense  of  frustration  but  yet  not  of  hope- 
lessness. He  envisions  a  Savior,  a  Great 
Executioner  who,  brandishing  the  sword 
of  Justice,  will  do  away  with  the  govern- 
ment by  morals  and  substitutes  a  gov- 
ernment by  justice.  From  whence  will 
come  that  Savior  he  does  not  profess  to 
know. 

Lin  Yutang  is  editor  of  the  Analects 
Fortnightly  (Chinese)  of  Shanghai  and 
contributing  editor  to  the  China  Critic 
(English)  of  the  same  city.  He  is  a  grad- 
uate of  Harvard  and  Leipzig  universities. 
Two  of  the  chapters  in  his  book 
appeared  not  long  ago  in  the  pages  of 
Harper's  and  Asia.  With  several  excep- 
tions the  rest  of  the  book  were  re-written 
from  articles  which  appeared  several 
years  ago  in  the  China  Critic. 
•  • 

most  difficult  and  intricate  forms,  causes 
connoisseurs  to  gasp;  for  the  most  ex- 
pert craftsmen  living  today  cannot  bet- 
ter it  with  all  the  resources  of  modern 
science  at  their  command",  Mr.  Creel 
has  said. 

In  comparison  with  the  much  vaunted 
work  of  the  Renaissance  craftsmen 
another  expert  said,  "These  Shang  tings 
make  the  casting  of  Benvenuto  Cellini 
look  like  child's   play". 

Many  books  were  written  by  the  Chi- 
nese on  this  subject,  some  dating  back  to 
ancient  times.  "Hsi  Ch'ing  Ku  Chien" 
(Mirror  of  Imperial  Antiques)  in  42 
volumes  in  Chien  Lung's  time  is  very 
scholarly,  as  is  also  "T'ao  Chai  Chi  Chin 
Lu"  (Records  of  T'ao  Chai  Bronzes)  b" 
Viceroy  Tuan  Fang  whose  pen  name  is 
T'ao  Chai.  Western  writers  are  repre- 
sented by  John  C.  Ferguson,  "Outlines 
of  Chinese  Art"  and  Dagney  Carter, 
"China    Magnificent". 


Page   16 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  15,   1935 


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OVERSTOCK    SALE 

Reduced  prices  on  full  lines  of  Chinese  Brocades,  Pongees,  Pajamas, 
Mandarin  Robes  and  Skirts,  Slippers,  embroideries,  and  Necklaces: 

Embroidered    Slippers,    reduced    to $1.25 

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Below  cost  on  Antiques  and  Objects  of  Art:  Jade  and  Ivory  Carvings, 
Rose    Quartz    Figurines,    Sung    Dynasty    Porcelains,    Old    Bronzes: 

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^  M£WS  -   SPO&TS  -   SOCIAL  -    COMWCNT 


Vol.    1.  No.  2 


NOVEMBER   22,  1935 


Cents 


flJM       NORTH  CHINA  IN  DANGER! 


By  Tsu  Pan 

Japan  is  sharpening  her  knife  to  slice  off  another 
portion  of  territory  from  China  this  week.  Information 
from  Japanese  sources  reveal  that  between  November 
20  and  23,  a  new  government  will  be  set  up  in  North 
China  based  on  the  principle  of  Sino-Japanese  co-oper- 
ation and  independent  of  the  Nanking  government. 

The  new  government  will  include  the  provinces 
of  Hopei,  Shantung,  Shansi,  Chahar,  and  Suiyuan, 
with  a  population  of  approximately  95,000,000,  and  a 
territory  as  large  as  one-third  of  the  size  of  the  United 
States.  The  state  is  to  be  called  "Huapeh  Lianshen 
Tzuchih  Chengchuan"  or  "The  North  China  United 
Provinces   Autonomous   Regime." 

Chinese  Generals  Involved 

General  Sung  Chehyuan,  commander  of  garrisons 
of  the  Tientsin-Pieping  area  is  to  be  made  the  chair- 
man of  the  autonomous  council.  Japanese  advisors  are 
to  be  appointed  to  every  political  post,  as  in  the  puppet 
state  "Manchukuo."  Other  Chinese  military  leaders 
involved  in  the  plan  are  said  to  include  General  Shan 
Chen,  governor  of  Hopei;  General  Han  Fu  Chu,  gov- 
ernor of  Shantung;  General  Hsiao  Chenying,  governor 
of  Chahar;  Ching  Teshuen,  mayor  of  Peiping;  Chen 
Ke,  mayor  of  Tientsin,  and  Ying  Yuken,  commissioner 
of  political  affairs  in  the  North  China  demilitarized 
zone. 

Japan  Planned  Early 

The  Japanese  authorities  admitted  that  the  plan 
was  approved  by  Japanese  military  leaders  in  a  con- 
ference held  in  Tokio  immediately  after  the  autumn 
military  maneuvers  on  the  Island  of  Kyushu.  In  case 
China  should  offer  any  resistance  to  this  movement,  the 
Japanese  Kwangtung  Army  and  troops  from  "Man- 
chukuo"  will  take  drastic  action,  it  is  reported.  Five 
divisions  of  troops  will  be  sent  in  to  Hopei  and  six 
divisions  into  Shantung.  North  China  will  then,  the 
Japanese  threatened,  be  formally  annexed  to  Man- 
chukuo"  and  the  puppet  emperor  will  be  planted  on 
the  ancient  throne  in  Peiping. 

Eight  trains  of  Japanese  troops  have  already 
arrived  at  Shanhaikuan,  strategic  gateway  of  the  Great 
Wall,  and  more  are  pouring  down  from  Manchuria. 
Means  of  communication  along  the  Peiping-Liaoning 
railway   were   carefully  guarded   by  Japanese    soldiers. 


Military  tanks,  armored  cars,  trench  mortars,  and  am- 
munition piled  up  at  Shanhaikuan  railway  station. 
Ten  thousand  Japanese  were  concentrated  at  Chinchow 
as  reserves.  A  Japanese  cruiser  also  appeared  at  Taku 
Bar. 

General  Chiang-Kai-shek  Busy 

In  Nanking,  General  Chiang  Kai-shek  is  equally 
occupied  in  the  movement  of  his  troops,  according  to 
a  Tokio  report.  He  had  mobilized  300,000  soldiers  in 
Shantung  and  Honan  to  watch  the  activities  of  Gen- 
eral Han  Fu  Chu.  Another  group  of  his  crack  troops 
were  said  to  be  concentrating  at  Hsuchow.  Reports 
indicate  that  General  Chiang  had  also  moved  his  troops 
from  Kiangsi,  Hupeh,  Hunan  and  Kweichow  to  North 
China.  Twenty  divisions  were  stationed  near  the  Yellow 
River  regions.  It  is  generally  believed  that  a  show- 
down will  occur  in  the  next  few  days. 

Attempt  to  Force  China's  Hand 

It  is  not  difficult  to  see  that  the  Japanese  scheme 
had  long  been  planned.  Shortly  after  the  military 
leaders  conferred  in  Tokio  regarding  the  China  situa- 
tion, a  member  of  the  Japanese  Chief  of  Staff  and  a 
member  of  the  Japanese  foreign  office  were  sent  to 
China  to  convene  Japanese  military  and  diplomatic 
officers  at  Dairen,  Tientsin  and  Shanghai.  At  the 
Dairen  conference,  which  many  of  the  important  Jap- 
anese officers  of  the  Kwangtung  Army  attended,  it 
was  decided  that  China  should  be  pressed  to  set  up 
North  China  as  a  special  area  for  Sino-Japanese  co- 
operation, that  China  would  be  called  on  to  suppress 
all  anti-Japanese  activities,  and  that  if  China  should 
fail  to  do  so,  an  independent  North  China  state  would 
be  established.  Nanking  was  accused  of  using  a 
"double-faced"  policy  toward  Japan.  It  professed, 
the  Japanese  charged,  to  co-operate  with  Japan  and 
at  the  same  time  anti-Japanese  activities  were  allowed 
to  be  carried  on  among  the  people. 
Chinese  Generals  Deny 

Ying  Yuken  is  the  first  one  who  openly  voiced  the 
"independent  movement."  In  a  recent  circular  tele- 
gram to  the  military  leaders  in  North  China,  Ying 
pleaded  the  establishment  of  the  new  regime.  Cham- 
bers of  commerce  and  bankers'  associations  in  North 
China  were  also  reported  to  be  in  support  of  the  plan. 
(Continued  to  Page   2) 


t^ 


Page  2 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November   22,    1935 


Foils  Assassin 


WANG  CHING  WEI 

Wang  Ching  Wei,  premier  of  China 
whose  life  was  attempted  Nov.  1  in  front 
of  the  Kuomintang  headquarters  in 
Nanking,  is  improving,  according  to 
late  dispatches  from  China. 

A  native  of  Chekiang,  Wang  Ching 
Wei  was  born  in  Canton,  Kwangtung,  in 
1885. 

At  the  early  age  of  16,  he  became  in- 
terested in  political  science  and  sociology. 
Leaving  his  native  land  for  Japan  he 
entered  the  Tokyo  Law  College  and 
graduated.  While  in  Tokyo  he  joined 
Tung  Ming  Hui.  His  ability  as  a  leader 
resulted  in  his  being  elected  chairman  of 
the  executive  council.  At  the  same  time 
he  was  editor  of  Ming  Pao,  Tung  Ming 
Hui's  organ,  which  was  advocating  "a 
Republic  for   China". 

He  participated  in  several  uprisings 
of  the  revolutionary  forces  in  Kwangtung 
and  Kwangsi.  He  attempted  to  assisi- 
nate  the  Prince  Regent,  father  of  Em- 
peror Hsuan  Tung.  Failing  in  this  at- 
tempt, Wang  was  arrested  and  condemned 
to  life  imprisonment,  but  the  outbreak 
of  the  1911  Revolution  brought  about 
his   release. 

After  the  establishment  of  the  Repub- 
lic he  went  to  France  for  further  studies. 
At  various  times  he  was  southern  dele- 
gate to  the  internal  peace  conference  at 
Shanghai,  1911;  president  of  the  Kwang- 
tung Provincial  Educational  Association, 
1920;     member   of    southern    government 


No  Inflation  in  China 

By  Tsu  Pan 

China  is  not  going  on  a  paper  stan- 
dard nor  is  she  planning  to  inflate  her 
currency,  according  to  a  late  dispatch 
released  by  the  local  Chinese  Consulate 
General  by  order  of  the  Ministry  of  For- 
eign Affairs,  Nanking,  China. 

The  chief  purpose  of  the  recent  mone- 
tary decree  is  to  prevent  the  flight  of 
capital  and  to  consolidate  silver  reserves 
in  China,  the  dispatch  continued.  Begin- 
ning November  4,  the  bank  notes  of  the 
Central  Bank  of  China,  the  Bank  of 
China,  and  the  Bank  of  Communications 
will  be  the  only  legal  tender  used.  Other 
bank  note  issues  will  be  redeemed  in  a 
short  time.  All  debts  contracted  in  terms 
of  silver  dollars  shall  be  paid  accordingly 
with  legal  tender  notes.  Holders  of  silver 
coins  and  bullion  must  voluntarily  hand 
them  to  the  government  in  exchange  for 
currency.  A  severe  penalty  will  be  in- 
flicted for  illegal  hoarding. 
To  Safeguard  Silver 

Information  from  other  sources  re- 
veals that  a  Bureau  of  Reserves  has  been 
established  in  Tientsin,  Peiping,  Han- 
kow and  Canton  for  the  purpose  of  col- 
lecting and  safeguarding  silver  stocks.  A 
responsible  spokesman  from  the  Na- 
tional Government  is  quoted  as  saying 
that  there  is  no  foundation  in  a  recent 
rumor  that  financial  groups  in  North 
China  objected  to  the  government  plan. 
He  also  denied  that  China  had  con- 
tracted a  loan  from  the  British  Govern- 
ment. 

•  • 

DAVIS  CUP  STAR 
ENTERS  TULANE 

Guy  Cheng,  a  member  of  China's  1935 
tennis  team,  registered  recently  at  Tulane 
University  as  a  special  student  in  arts 
and  sciences. 


at  Canton,  1921;  and  high  advisor  to 
Dr.  Sun  Yat  Sen  in  1924. 

After  staying  in  Europe  for  a  year, 
Wang  returned  to  China  in  1927  to  as- 
sume the  chairmanship  of  the  Central 
Executive  Council  of  the  Kuomintang, 
of  which  committee  he  had  been  a  mem- 
ber  since    1924. 

At  the  present  time  he  is  president  of 
the  executive  yuan,  premier  of  the  cab- 
inet,   and  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs. 

An  exceedingly  handsome  man  and 
of  an  occasional  radical  frame  of  mind, 
he  readily  attracted  the  youth  of  Chna 
in  the    political   merry-go-round. 


NORTH  CHINA  IN  DANGER 

(Continued  from   Page    1) 

While  General  Han  Fu  Chu  was  in 
daily  conference  with  General  Tada, 
commander  of  the  Japanese  array  in 
North  China,  he  denied  knowledge  of 
the  movement.  He  further  issued  orders 
to  suppress  such  rumors  in  his  province. 
General  Sung  Chehyuan  also  reported 
ignorance  of  the  whole  affair  to  the 
Nanking  officials.  To  many  local  observ- 
ers, it  sounds  incredible  that  Sung  could 
be  involved  in  the  scheme,  as  he  was  at 
one  time  the  most  outstanding  anti-Jap- 
anese militarist  in  North  China.  His 
famous  "big  sword"  army  fought  many 
frivolous  battles  with  the  Japanese,  and 
he  was  only  lately  ousted  from  his  post  as 
the  governor  of  Chahar  because  of  his 
anti-Japanese  attitude. 

The  proposed  Japanese  invasion  of 
North  China  caused  considerable  concern 
in  Washington.  It  meant  the  rapidly 
closing  up  of  the  open  door  in  China, 
which  the  United  States  government  has 
endeavored  to  keep  open  since  the  end 
of  the  last  century.  In  case  open  hos- 
tilities should  start,  the  Japanese  actions 
would  once  again  violate  the  stipulations 
of  the  Nine  Powers  Treaty  of  1922,  and 
the  Kellogg-Briand  anti-war  pact.  As 
both  of  these  treaties  were  initiated  by 
the  United  States,  she  would  be  incumbent 
to  find  means  to  justify  her  position  as 
the  sponsor  of  the  treaties,  and  as  a  de- 
fender of  world  peace,  experts  point  out. 
Furthermore,  the  recent  enactment  of 
the  neutrality  law  has  made  it  manda- 
tory that  the  president  should  embargo 
trade  with  warring  nations.  Should  this 
be  carried  out,  the  United  States  would 
lose  a  tremendous  amount  of  business  in 
the   Orient. 

At  Geneva,  statesmen  faced  a  similar 
dilemma.  Just  as  delegates  of  52  nations 
began  to  bear  down  on  Italy  for  the 
Ethopian  invasion  the  Sino-Japanese  con- 
flict appeared  on  the  horizon.  In  case 
of  war,  China  is  bound  to  invoke  the 
League  covenants  and  world  opinion, 
it  is  believed,  will  force  the  League  to 
take  action.  The  League  has  already 
been  blamed  for  its  stand  in  the  Japanese 
invasion  in  Manchuria  four  years  ago. 
Would  the  League  impose  a  stronger  sanc- 
tion against  Japan?  If  so,  can  it  pre- 
vent Japan  from  carrying  out  its  alleged 
long  premeditated  plans  to  take  North 
China?  These  are  questions  which  the 
world  will  ask  in  the  near  future. 
•  • 

A  son  was  born  on  November  6  to  the 
wife  of  Mr.  James  C.  Hoang,  750  Grant 
Avenue,    Sin    Francisco,    Calif 


November  22,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  3 


FAR     EAST 


What  Price  Freedom  For  the  Philippines? 


A  political  event  took  place  in  the  Far 
East  last  week  the  importance  of  which 
was  overshadowed  and  almost  totally  ob- 
scured by  more  important  events  in 
Ethiopia   and   North  China. 

The  event  was  the  induction  into  office, 
on  November  15,  of  Manuel  Quezon  as 
first  president  of  the  Philippines,  signal- 
izing the  inauguration  of  the  Philippine 
Commonwealth.  The  United  States  flag 
still  flies  over  the  7,083  islands  which 
comprise  the  domain  of  the  Filipinos,  but 
for  the  first  time  in  its  history  a  native 
Filipino  president  will  occupy  the  seat  of 
government  in  the  Spanish-built  Malac- 
anan  Palace,  from  wheh  place  14,000,000 
subjects  will  be  governed. 

This  partial  fulfilment  of  Philippine 
independence  is  the  life-long  ambition  of 
the  tenacious  and  energetic  57-year-old 
soldier,  lawyer,  and  politician,  Manuel 
Quezon,  who,  for  more  than  20  years, 
waged  a  life  and  death  fight  in  his  native 
land  and  in  Washington  for  the  freedom 
of  his  people.  His  ambition  for  com- 
plete independence  for  the  Philippines 
will  be  realized  when  on  July  4,  1946, 
the  islands  will  become  a  full  fledged 
autonomous    state. 

Effect  Remains  to  Be  Seen 

How  the  Far  Eastern  political  scene  will 
be  affected  by  this  new  Philippine  regime 
remains  to  be  seen.  Some  astute  politi- 
cal observers,  impressed  by  Japan's  pres- 
ent course  of  empire  building,  feared  that 
eventually  the  Philippines  will  go  the 
way  of  China's  Manchuria,  when  United 
States  political  and  military  support  is 
withdrawn  ten  years  hence.  Although 
Japan,  through  her  official  spokesman, 
has  time  and  again  within  the  last  ten 
years  stated  that  she  has  no  designs  on 
her  southern  neighbor,  these  same  ob- 
servers point  to  the  fact  that  Japan  made 
similar  promises  to  respect  the  territorial 
integrity  of  China,  and  yet  at  this  very 
moment  she  is  preparing  an  "independ- 
ent" North  China  state  which  will,  in  all 
likelihood  decimate  five  more  provinces 
from    China. 

It  is  also  pointed  out  that  in  recent 
years  Japanese  immigration  to  the  Philip- 


pines has  been  on  the  increase,  that  they 
have  been  colonizing  on  the  various 
islands,  have  built  rubber  plantations, 
constructed  factories,  established  trade 
centers,  and  that  Japanese  made  goods 
have  flooded  the  Philippine  market,  to  hte 
detriment  of   American   trade. 

Whatever  the  real  intention  of  imper- 
ialistic Japan,  Quezon  has  already  made 
appropriate  military  precautions,  for  he 
does  not  intend  that  the  islands  will  be- 
come an  Asiatic  Balkans  in  1946.  On  his 
last  trip  to  Washington  President  Quezon 
negotiated  for  the  services  of  the  then 
U.  S.  Army  Chief  of  Staff*  General 
Douglas  MacArthur,  and  offered  him  the 
job  of  evolving  a  formidable  defense 
system  for  the  islands.  Last  September, 
General  MacArthur  left  for  Manila  as 
the  Commonwealth's  Military  Adviser. 
What  Will  Status  Be? 

For  China  the  new  regime  in  the  Phil- 
ippines brought  forth  these  questions: 
What  will  be  the  status  and  treatment  ac- 
corded the  45,000  Chinese  in  the  islands 
under  Quezon?  Will  they  be  given  the 
same  freedom  they  now  enjoy,  or  will 
their  activities,  chiefly  economic,  be  sev- 
erely  restricted? 

In  the  past,  under  Spanish  rule, 
periodic  persecutions  and  massacre  of 
Chinese  traders  were  conducted  both  as 
a  matter  of  political  necessity  as  well  as 
attempting  to  stop  them  from  carrying  so 
much  wealth  of  the  islands  into  their  own 
country.  Both  the  Spaniards  and  the 
natives  hated  and  feared  the  Chinese 
because  of  their  commercial  astuteness. 
Yet  they  were  conscious  of  the  fact  that 
without  Chinese  trade  and  industry  the 
Philippines    could  not  exist. 

In  1571  Spaniards  and  Chinese  met 
for  the  first  time,  but  the  Chinese  had 
traded  with  the  Philippines  a  thousand 
years  before.  From  that  time  until  the 
decline  of  Spanish  rule  in  the  seventeenth 
century  whatever  economic  prosperity 
the  islands  had  was  due  entirely  to  the 
remarkable  business  enterprise  of  the 
Chinese,  a  fact  to  which  all  impartial  his- 
torians of  the  Philippines  readily  agreed. 
Ubiquitous    Chinese 

Of  the  2,441  islands  of  the  7,083  in  the 
archapelago  bearing  identifications,  only 
462    have    surfaces   of    a   square   mile   or 


more.  And  throughout  all  these  habitable 
islands,  wherever  there  are  opportunities 
for  trade  and  barter  with  the  natives, 
there  goes  the  ubiquitous  Chinese  merch- 
ant, bearing  gaudy  jewelry,  agricultural 
implements,  preserved  food,  headgears 
and  footwear,  silk,  cotton  goods  and  every 
commodity  which  the  natives  need. 

Although  the  native  men  have 
always  hated  the  Chinese  more  or  less, 
mainly  because  of  the  latter's  business 
superiority,  the  native  women  have  been 
marrying  them  for  hundreds  of  years, 
because  Chinese  make  good  husbands. 
Anthropologists  have  discovered  that  the 
descendants  of  the  unions  between  Chi- 
nese and  the  various  Filipino  tribes, 
chiefly  the  Malays,  showed  more  energy 
than  the  natives,  and  are  superior  in  abil- 
ity and  force  of  character.  They  are  taller 
in  stature,  sturdily  built,  intelligent,  and 
possess  all  the  commercial  shrewdness  of 
the  Chinese.  Much  of  the  retail  trade 
and  banking  business  is  in  the  hands  of 
these  half-bloods  in  the  islands  today. 
Chinese  Still    Prevail 

Present-day  domestic  commerce  is  still 
largely  in  the  hands  of  the  Chinese.  They 
are  the  large  importers  and  wholesalers, 
keepers  of  small  stores,  owners  of  inter- 
island  steamers,  and  practically  control 
the  trade  of  such  large  provinces  as 
Nueva  Ecija,  Ilocano  provinces,  Cagayan 
Valley.  By  outright  buying,  barter,  and 
extension  of  credit,  they  obtain  abaca, 
copra,  sugar,  tobacco  and  other  produce 
from  the  growers  and  sell  them  to  im- 
port houses.  In  this  form  of  commerce 
they  face  small  competition  from  the 
natives  because  of  the  latter's  lack  of 
business  initiative.  They  demand  large 
profits,  and  are  not  content  with  accumu- 
lating small  savings  by  the  simple  process 
of   being  thrifty. 

In  other  provinces  the  Chinese  become 
prosperous  carpenters,  tailors,  shoe- 
makers, furniture  dealers,  cooks,  contract- 
ors,  shipbuilders,    and   even   blacksmiths. 

The  retention  of  the  present  commer- 
cial freedom  of  the  Chinese  in  the  Philip- 
pines will  guarantee  the  future  economic 
prosperity  of  that  country,  and  all  signs 
point  to  its  continuance,  for  besides  be- 
ing a  shrewd  politician,  President  Manuel 
Quezon  is  also  a  keen  business  man. 


Chinese  Police  Force  Re-organized 


A  Chinese  national  police  force,  pat- 
terned after  Berkeley's  world-famed  po- 
lice department,  was  announced  last 
week,  by  the  Chinese  press. 


Chinese  University  of  California  grad- 
uates are  in  charge  of  organization.  An 
all-Chinese  force,  which  will  be  equipped 
with   teletype    facilities,    radio    and    radio 


cars,  and  a  finger  print  department,  con- 
ducted by  recognized  authorities,  will  be 
established   at  once. 


Page  4 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November   22,    1935 


CHINATOWNIA 


POO-POO 

By  Bob  Poon 


"POP"  SURPRISED 

A  novel  surprise  birthday  party  was 
given  to  Mr.  Earl  "Pop"  Louie  on  No- 
vember 18  at  his  home,  950  Clay  Street. 
The  novel  feature  was  that  the  entire 
group  was  surprised.  None  knew  that  it 
was  to  be  a  birthday  party,  including 
"Pop"    Louie   and   his    wife. 

The  evening  was  spent  playing  bridge, 
mah  jongg,  and  Chinese  dominoes.  Sand- 
wiches and  chocolate  were  served  after 
"Pop"  cut  his  birthday  cake.  Among 
those  present  were:  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Earl 
Louie,  Mrs.  Thomas  Chinn,  Mrs.  Hattie 
Dong  Hall  Misses  Emma  Louie,  Margie 
Koe,  Emma  Dong;  Messrs.  Eddie  Chan, 
Kern  Loo,  Allen  Soon,  Edward  Leon,  and 
the  host  of  the  evening,  Robert  G.  Poon. 

•  • 

It  is  claimed  that  a  certain  pretty 
young  lady  quit  a  job  because  she  had  to 
walk  all  day.  What  would  the  same  girl 
do  if  she  had  to  walk  home  from  a  ride? 
We  wonder. 

•  • 

Last  Monday  I  witnessed  a  hectic 
bridge  game  in  Janie  Koes'  apartment. 
Mr.  Hoyle  would  have  turned  over  in 
his  grave.  The  players  were  North,  Miss 
Ya  Ching;  South,  Colday  Leong;  East, 
Howard  Low;  West,  Edward  Leong.  East 
and  West  had  the  bid  six  diamonds  dou- 
bled by  South.  West  after  being  volun- 
tarily coached  by  kibitzer  Janie  Koe, 
who,  by  the  way,  had  seen  Easts  hand. 
Not  to  be  outdone,  the  opponents  spoke 
rather  freely  of  their  holdings,  too.  P.  S. 
They  were  set  one  and  everybody  was 
practically  rolling  on  the  floor  after  the 
game. 

•  • 

At  a  party  someone  asked,  "What  is 
it  that  most  men  like  a  salami  sandwich?" 
To  which,  this  prompt  reply:  "I  guess 
because  it  is  spicy"  (or  have  you  another 
reason?) . 

•  • 
JACK  ENG  USES  NOODLE 

This  fellow  Jack  Eng  sure  used  his 
noodle  when  he  drove  all  the  way  from 
San  Francisco  to  Augusta,  Georgia,  to 
marry  his  sweetheart,  Miss  Mable  Lum 
formerly  a  San  Francisco  resident.  Mr. 
Eng  is  the  owner  of  the  Canton  Noodle 
factory. 

Last  Friday  Mr.  Eng  gave  a  house- 
warming  party  at  the  new  apartment.  A 
large  number  of   his  friends  attended. 


MEMBERSHIP  CAMPAIGN 

The  annual  membership  campaign  for 
1935  was  officially  launched  on  Nov.  15, 
at  a  tea  given  by  G.  B.  Lau,  president  of 
the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Consul  General 
Huang  and  General  Tu  Ting  Hsiu  gave 
encouraging  and  inspiring  talks.  An- 
nouncement of  the  plans  for  the  cam- 
paign was  given  by  T.  Y.  Tang,  exeu- 
tive  secretary.  The  meeting  was  attended 
by  leading  business  men  and  members 
of  the  board  of  management  of  the  Y. 
M.  C.  A.,  who  are  all  on  the  campaign 
committee. 

A  campaign  rally  was  held  at  the  great 
China  theatre  on  Nov.  16.  The  program 
was  presided  over  by  G.  B.  Lau,  and 
speeches  were  made  by  Consul  General 
Huang,  honorary  chairman  of  the  cam- 
paign General  Tu  Ting  Hsiu,  chairman 
of  the  campaign,  and  T.  Y.  Tang,  execu- 
tive secretary. 

The  entertainment  included  vocal 
solos  by  Miss  Li  Ti  Ming  and  William 
Law;  a  colorful  girls  '  yeong  cum 
octette",  sword,  big  knife,  and  spear 
shadow  exhibition,  harmonica  music, 
tumbling,  and  boxing  and  wrestling 
matches.  One  of  the  most  entertaining 
feature  was  "Man  Mountain  Stanford 
Fong",  who  puffed  himself  up  to  double 
his   normal  size. 

Henry  S.  Tom,  activities  director  at 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  available  for  further 
information  in  regard  to  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
activities. 

•  • 

Friends  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harry  Mew 
were  entertained  in  their  new  home  on 
Johns  Street  Thursday  evening,  Novem- 
ber 14.  They  spent  the  evening  playing 
bridge  and  ma  jongg.  Present  were  Mrs. 
Mew's  mother,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Ng, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Earl  Louie,  Mr.  Kern  Loo. 
and   Miss   Daisy    K.   Wong. 

•  • 

Isn't  it  strange  that  May  Wong,  who 
never  played  bridge  before,  began  play- 
ing soon  after  she  won  two  decks  of 
cards  playing  cards  at  the  "965"  Hallow- 
e'en Card  party?  Could  it  be  that  the 
free  cards  influenced  her  to  start?  Or  is 
it  because,  "If  my  boy  friend  can  play,  it 
must  be  a  simple  game?" 

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LAWRENCE  MAH 
•    Insurance 

315  Montgomery  St. 
San  Francisco     .     California 

niMMimrimmm.mi.i.m.ni.TiiMm.r.mnrmm.iumi nrm.tumtiiitminiTiin 


MOTHERS  PROMOTE 
BAZAAR 

A  welfare  bazaar  for  the  needy  chil- 
dren of  the  Washington  School  in  Ber- 
keley was  held  November  14. 

Five  Chinese  mothers  were  responsible 
for  the  success  of  the  bazaar.  They  not 
only  assisted  in  selling  but  also  financed 
it.  The  mothers  are  Mrs.  On  L.  Lee, 
Mrs.  Raymond  Jee,  Mrs.  Young  Jee,  Mrs. 
Fong,  and  Mrs.  Henry   Poye. 

•  • 

OAKLAND  DANCE   A  SUCCESS 

With  an  attendance  of  more  than  300 
people,  the  Tenth  Annual  Dance  of  the 
Young  Chinese  Athletic  Club  was  a  huge 
success.  The  dance  was  held  at  the  Hotel 
Oakland.  Much  of  the  credit  for  a  well- 
planned  dance  is  due  Joe  Lee,  chairman. 

•  • 

ALBERT  LEE  MING  DIES 

Albert  Lee  Ming  passed  away  last  Sat- 
urday night.  November  16,  at  the  San 
Francisco  Hospital.  His  death  was  at- 
tributed   to   double    pneumonia. 

Lee,  who  was  3  1  years  of  age,  attended 
the  University  of  Kansas.  He  was  a 
charter  member  as  well  as  one  of  the 
original  founders  of  the  local  Wah  Ying 
Club,  of  which  he  was  secretary  up  to  the 
time    of    his   death. 

He  is  survived  by  his  father,  a  sister 
in  China,  a  widow,  and  three  children. 

•  • 

OPENS  BEAUTY  SHOP 
IN  HONOLULU 

Amy  Sue  Leong.  who  returned  to 
Honolulu  after  graduating  from  a  beauty 
culture  school  in  San  Francisco,  has 
opened  a  beauty  shop  there.  She  went 
into  partnership  with  Mrs.  Bertha  Char, 
who  also  came  to  San  Francisco  to  take 
up  cosmetology.  The  shop  is  located  in 
Mrs.  Char's   home   in   Honolulu. 

•  • 

The  senior  boys  of  the  Chung  Mei 
Home  of  El  Cerrito,  attended  a  Hal- 
lowe'en masquerade  party,  given  by  the 
Ming  Quong  Home  girls.  The  prize 
for  the  best  masquerade  was  won  bv 
Jack  Wong  for  his  almost  perfect  imi- 
tation of  Emperor  Haile  Helassie  of 
Ethiopia. 

It  is  of  significant  interest  that  the 
polo  team  of  the  Chinese  Thirty-second 
Army  has  been  invited  to  the  Philippines 
to  play  a  series  with  the  U.  S.  Armv 
poloists  and  the  Manila  Polo  Club  in 
February.  The  Chinese  team  is  coached 
by  Mr.  T.  F.  Neppo,  a  Russian.  General 
Shang  Chew  is  in  command  of  the  Thirtv- 
second  Army  team 


November  22,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  5 


CHINATOWNIA 


Entertains 
ornians 


Califi 


Portland,  Oregon.,  Nov.  22 —  Mrs. 
Stanley  Chin  was  hostess  last  Tuesday 
flight  at  a  charming  house  party  ex- 
tended to  General  Tu,  Max  Siegel, 
Chingwah  Lee,  and  Paul  Muni,  the  actor, 
when  they  sojourned  in  Portland  looking 
for  talent  for  M-G-M's  coming  super- 
spectacle,   "Good   Earth." 

Mrs.  Chin  displayed  some  rare  old 
woodcut  prints  depicting  the  life  of 
Confucius.  Last  year  Mrs.  Chin  escorted 
a  party  of  ten  leading  American  women 
of  Portland  to  visit  the  Orient.  She  is 
planning  another  trip  in  the  near  future 
and  this  time  she  will  devote  attention  to 
the  collecing   of  antiques  and  objects   of 


Portland  Personals 

Miss  Eva  Moe  and  her  violin  is  now  a 
full  fledged  assistant  to  Mrs.  Stanley 
Chin  in  the  Girl  Reserves  Club  as  well 
as  a  leading  spirit  in  the  glee  club  and 
choir  activity. 

•  • 

Miss  Frances  Lee,  who  sailed  for  China 
a  year  ago  returned  on  the  President  Mc- 
Kinley  on  the  13th  of  this  month.  She 
was  greeted  at  the  pier  by  many  friends. 
Miss  Lee  will  resume  her  studies  this 
Spring. 

•  • 

Of  the  14  Chinese  students  now  study- 
ing in  the  State  of  Oregon,  nine  are  in 
the   Portland  Agricultural  College. 

•  • 

Mr.  Charles  Luck,  Portland's  popular 
sportsman  and  social  worker,  is  operating 
a  prosperous  pet  fish  shop.  The  display 
has  aroused  favorable  comment  among 
fanciers   in   Washington  and  Oregon. 

•  • 

Portland  Scouts 
Becoming  Leaders 

Portland,  Ore.,  Nov.  22 —  Portland's 
Chinese  Boy  Scout  Troop,  organized  six 
months  ago,  is  composed  entirely  of  high 
school  boys.  Although  they  have  passed 
the  scouting  age  they  are  doggedly  learn- 
ing the  various  lessons  and  passing 
their  second  class  tests  with  the  idea  of 
becoming  equipped  to  train  younger 
boys. 

"As  a  leader  training  unit  this  troop 
is  already  making  its  influence  felt  in 
Chinatown.  They  insist  on  true  sports- 
menship  in  athletics,  scholarship  in  edu- 
cation, and  citizenship  in  their  activity, 
said   an  American  Scout  official. 


Modern  Chinese  Girls 
Are  Natural  Leaders 

The  young  women  of  present-day 
China  are  remarkable  for  their  high  qual- 
ity of  leadership,  and  this  leadership  is 
nowhere  more  evident  than  in  the 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  branches  in  the  country, 
which  are  rapidly  becoming  all-Chinese 
in  their   personnel. 

Such  was  the  interesting  portion  of  a 
talk  delivered  by  Mrs.  Frederic  M.  Paist, 
President  of  the  National  Board  of  the 
Y.  W.  C.  A.,  to  more  than  160  people  at 
a  membership  supper  given  by  the  Chi- 
nese Y.  W.  C.  A.  on  November  14.  This 
supper  was  arranged  as  the  observance 
by  the  local  association  of  World  Fellow- 
ship Week,  and  was  attended  by  mem- 
bers from  many  nationality  groups,  in- 
cluding Italians,,  Japanese,  Negroes,  Rus- 
sians,  and  Germans. 

"We  never  seem  to  exhaust  the  possi- 
bility of  variety  in  a  Y.  W.  C.  A.  mem- 
bership," said  Mrs.  Paist.  In  the  course 
of  her  talk  she  also  spoke  on  the  ever- 
widening  circle  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A. 
movement,  and  of  the  significance  of 
membership  in  such   an  organization. 

The  supper  was  served  by  members  of 
the  Girls'  Reserves,  and  entertainment 
consisted  of  community  singing  and  a 
dance  drama  by  the  Business  and  Indus- 
try  Section. 

•  • 

Likes  Digest 

Dr.  Edgar  Lee,  well  known  business 
leader  of  Portland,  Oregon,  is  a  great 
admirer  of  the   Chinese    Digest. 

"The  Chinese  Digest  presents  all  the 
important  Chinese  news  in  an  under- 
standing, interesting  manner.  We  have 
decided  to  make  the  Chinese  Digest  the 
official  medium  on  which  our  members 
of  the  Wah  Kaing  Club  will  conduct  their 
weekly  current  event  forum. 

"The  Chinese  Digest  fulfils  an  import- 
ant social  need  from  a  Chinese  view- 
point. We  will  be  informed  of  what's 
going  on  among  our  fellowmen  in  Amer- 
ica. Thru  the  Chinese  Digest  we  can  even 
plan  athletic  meets,  social  functions, 
and  inter-state  conventions." 

Dr.  Edgar  Lee  is  remembered  as  one 
of  six  bold  Oregonians  who  invaded  Cali- 
fornia two  years  ago  on  a  goodwill  tennis 
tour.  His  drug  store  is  the  "social  center" 
of   Portland's  famous   Chinatown. 

Jessie's  Beauty  Shop 

1122  Powell  St.       CHina  1622 


FIRECRACKERS 

Dear   Editor: 

Do  you  know  that  the  Chinese  in  San 
Francisco  have  one  of  the  biggest  attrac- 
tions in  this  colorful  city?  San  Fran- 
cisco's Chinatown  is  known  throughout 
the  world  as  testified  by  the  fact  that  a 
great  number  of  world  travelers  come  to 
"look-see"  in  our  section  of  the  city.  In 
a  conversation  with  one  of  the  boys  who 
works  for  a  tourist  bureau,  I  found  that 
he  has  taken  many  people  from  other 
countries,  such  as  India  Canada,  Aus- 
tralia, France,  Italy,  Germany,  England, 
and  Denmark  through  our  Chinatown. 

It  is  a  sad  thing  that  many  of  our  na- 
tive born  Chinese  know  so  little  of  their 
own  Chinatown.  How  many  of  them 
have  visited  a  Chinese  temple  and  know 
the  facts  about  the  religious  symbolisms 
as  practiced  there;  the  telephone  office  is 
another  show  place  where  visitors  are  at- 
tracted, and  yet  few  Chinese  know  of  its 
history. 

We  who  live  here  should  take  more 
interest  in  our  home  products,  as  there  is 
more  or  less  of  a  gold  mine  in  Chinatown, 
for  if  there  wasn't  no  Japanese  would 
locate   his   store    in    Chinatown. 

Very  often  a  Chinese  is  accosted  in 
these  street  by  a  tourist  and  asked  about 
the  location  of  certain  business  houses, 
and  usually  they  are  treated  with  com- 
plete indifference.  The  very  least  they 
can  do  is  to  direct  them  to  a  Chinese 
store  that  they  may  have  the  benefit  of 
the  lucrative  business  that  the  tourist  may 
bring.  And  chances  are,  that  tourist 
would   rather  buy   Chinese   merchandise. 

What  we  need  is  more  interest  in  what 
is  going  on  in  our  section  of  the  city  a 
retention  of  the  quaintness  of  our  stores 
and  a  knowledge,  willingness  and  readi- 
ness   to    courteously    direct    visitors. 

Bau  Wau. 

BERKELEY  A.  C. 
ENTERTAINS 

Playing  host  to  approximately  fifty 
persons  the  Berkeley  Chinese  Athletic 
Club  held  a  card  party  at  the  Chinese 
Congregational  Church,  1919  Addison 
Street,  Berkeley,  Friday  evening,  Novem- 
ber 15.  There  were  three  tables  playing 
Ma  Jongg,  two  domino  tables,  and  nine 
tables  of  bridge.  A  box  of  candy  was 
the  prize  for  the  best  player  at  each 
table.  In  the  absence  of  the  President, 
Homer  Lee,  Vice  President  Wing  Get  Jue 
welcomed  the  guests.  The  chairman  of 
the   evening   was   Hong   Lee. 


Page  6 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November   22,    1935 


HOW  CHINA  COT  IT'S  NAME 


By  Dr.  Henry  H.  Hart 


The  Greeks  have  never  called  their 
country  Greece,  the  Germans  have 
never  called  their  country  Germany,  and 
the  Chinese  have  never  called  their  coun- 
try  China. 

The  Chinese  have  had  many  names 
for  their  great  country.  One  of  them  was 
"T'ien  Hsia,"  meaning  "under  heaven." 
Another  was  "Seu  Hai  Wei,"  or  'within 
the  four  seas.'  The  present  official  name 
is  'Chung  Wah  Min  Kuo,',"  "the  Middle 
Flowery  People's  Country." 

The  commonest  name  of  all  is  "Chung 
Kuo,"  the  "Middle  Kingdom,"  because 
the  Chinese,  like  the  ancient  Romans, 
believed  for  many  centuries  that  their 
country  was  the  center  of  the  world,  the 
only  civilized  country  surrounded  by  na- 
tions of  ignorant  barbarians.  How  then 
did  this  country  get  the  name  we  apply 
to  it,  and  to  the  porcelain  and  dinner- 
ware  which  are  so  indispensable  to  us 
in  our  everyday  life? 

Third  Century  B.  C. 

In  the  third  century  before  the  Chris- 
tian era  there  was  a  little,  insignificant 
state  far  out  on  the  edge  of  the  Chinese 
Empire,  and  a  neighbor  of  the  Mongol 
and  Tartar  tribes  of  the  deserts  of  Cen- 
tral Asia.  It  was  called  the  State  of 
Ch'in. 

The  imperial  dynasty  of  Chou  was 
weak  and  decrepit  and  was  unable  to 
hold  its  great  feudal  lords  in  effective 
control.  Its  power  was  getting  less  and 
less  every  year,  and  the  feudal  lords  were 
becoming  more  and  more  independent 
and  unruly,  until  at  last  each  ruled  his 
territory  like  an  independent  king.  When 
they  were  not  quarreling  with  each  other 
they  were  at  outs  with  the  impotent  Im- 
perial government.  The  wily  Ch'in  rulers 
saw  their  chance  to  do  some  profitable 
fishing   in    those    troubled   waters. 

Ancient   Brain   Trust 

Of  mixed  Tartar  and  Chinese  blood, 
they  were  not  held  back  by  tradition,  as 
were  the  other  states  of  Chow.  Instead 
of  giving  power  to  inefficient  nobles  they 
called  the  best  brains  from  all  over  China 
to  serve  them.  From  their  constant  wars 
with  the  Tartar  tribes  they  had'  built  up 
a  strong  and  mighty  army,  able  to  meet 
any  other  in  the  field.  The  rulers  of 
the  other  six  states  of  the  empire  saw 
their  danger,  and  tried  to  unite,  but  it 
was   too  late. 

The  last  weak  emperor  of  the  house 
of  Chou  called  on  the  six  states  to 
aid  him  in  controlling  the  arrogant 
Ch'ins.         Moving      swiftly      the      Ch'ins 


Dr.  Henry  H.  Hart  has  long 
been  devoted  to  studies  in  the  field 
of  Chinese  art  and  culture.  His  ac- 
tivity has  taken  the  form  of  wide 
reading  in  the  languages,  scholar- 
ly research  in  almost  all  fields  of 
Oriental  culture,  and  travel.  After 
his  early  education,  which  included 
training  in  letters  and  in  law  at  the 
University  of  California,  which 
granted  him  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Jurisprudence,  Dr.  Hart  went 
to  China,  where  he  studied  under 
native  instructors.  Within  the  last 
fifteen  years,  he  has  repeatedly 
visited  the  Orient  and  so  continued 
his  work.     His  scholarly  ability  has 


DR.  HENRY  H.  HART 

brought  him  recognition  in  the 
form  of  two  decorations — Cheva- 
lier of  the  Order  of  the  White 
Elephant,  and  Officer  of  the  Order 
of  the  Dragon  of  Annam.  He  was 
recently  appointed  a  University  of 
California  lecturer  on  the  civiliza- 
tion of  China.  He  is  the  author 
of  "A  Chinese  Market,"  a  book 
of  translations  of  Chinese  poems 
together  with  the  original  texts, 
issued  both  in  San  Francisco  and 
in  Peking;  translations  of  Chinese 
poems,  in  various  magazines;  and 
magazine  articles  on  Oriental 
subjects. 


swooped  down  on  the  capital,  seized  the 
emperor  and  declared  their  leader,  Prince 
Ch'eng,  emperor.  He  was  then  a  boy  of 
13  and  was  controlled  by  a  regent,  but 
at  the  age  of  2,  he  gathered  into  his 
own  hands  the  reins  of  power,  and  be- 
came absolute  ruler  of  one  of  the  great- 
est  empires   the   world   has   ever   seen. 

One  after  another  he  subdued  his 
rivals,  and  after  them  the  border  tribes 
which  were  constantly  threatening  the 
northern  frontiers. 


Great  Wall  of  China 

To  make  his  victory  certain,  and  to 
secure  peace  for  his  people,  Ch'eng  built 
the  mightiest  structure  ever  erected  by 
the  hand  of  man — the  Great  Wall  of 
China. 

If  an  inhabitant  of  Mars  were  to  come 
down  to  earth,  the  first  handiwork  of 
man  to  meet  his  eye  would  be  this  great 
wall.  From  twenty  to  thirty  feet  high, 
wide  enough  ot  drive  three  automobiles 
abreast  on  the  top,  grounded  in  massive 
granite,  it  winds  its  way  for  over  1,500 
miles  from  Shan  riai  Kuan  on  the  Gulf 
of  Pei  Chi  Li  along  the  northern  boun- 
daries of  the  empire  to  the  borders  of 
Tibet.  With  its  twists  and  turns  over 
the  highest  mountains  and  through  the 
deep  valleys,  leaping  of  streams  and  des- 
erts, it  lies  like  a  writhing  dragon  guard- 
ing his  native  land  from  the  attacks  of 
the   outer   barbarians. 

Million  Prisoners  Labor 

Counting  its  branches  and  extensions, 
it  is  over  10,500  miles  long,  with  40-foot 
watch  towers,  two  bowshots  apart  and 
outer  towers  at  its  weakest  points.  Twenty 
years  were  spent  in  its  construction, 
and  over  a  million  men  contributed 
their  utmost  efforts.  Criminals  and  rebels 
were  sentenced  to  work  on  the  wall.  The 
emperor's  own  son  was  exiled  there  for 
remonstrating  to  his  father  for  his 
cruelty.  Countless  laborers  died  from  ex- 
haustion, exposure  and  severe  treatment. 
Their  bodies  were  thrown  for  burial  into 
the  wall  itself,  so  that  some  Chinese  his- 
torians have  spoken  of  it  as  "the  longest 
cemetery  in  the  world."'  When  it  was 
finished,  the  pyramids  of  Egypt  were 
pigmies  in  comparison.  Though  it  was 
not  proof  against  cannon  or  attack  in 
great  force,  it  served  for  hundreds  of 
years  as  an  effective  barrier  to  the  at- 
tacks of  marauding  tribes  and  bandits, 
and  was  kept  in  good  repair  as  late  as  the 
time  of  Christopher  Columbus. 
270  Palaces 

When    he    had    finished    this    work   the 
emperor   decreed   that    the    ruler   of   such 
an    empire    as    his    should    have   a    name 
worthy  of   his  country,  so   he  took   as  his 
name  "Ch'in  Shih  Huang  Ti."     The  first 
word   is  "Ch'in,"  the   mme  of   his  native 
state.     "Shih"  means  first,  as  he  declared 
that    he   was   the    "first"    real   emperor   in 
history.    "Huang  Ti"    means  "excellent,"' 
"august"    or    "autocrat."      He    took    this    I 
name  from  that  of  the  old  legendary  and    I 
sacred   rulers   of   the   Chinese.      He    built    I 
palaces    all    over    the    empire,    270   being    I 
erected  in  his  capital  alone.  One  of  them 
(Continued  to   Page   15) 


November  22,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  7 


W  I  N  C  S    TO    C  H  I  N  A 

Story  of  the  Development  of  the  Greatest  Aviation  Project,  the  Crossing 
of  the  Pacific  By  Aeroplane  and  the  Linking  of  China  with  the  United  States 


High  above  the  age-old  trade  routes  that 
historic,  fast-sailing  "Yankee  Clippers" 
of  a  century  ago  blazed  to  the  teeming 
markets  on  the  China  Seas,  giant  flying 
clipper  ships  of  a  new  generation  will 
soon  be  roaring  through  an  aerial  chan- 
nel between  the  New  World  and  the  Old 
to  signalize  man's  amazing  conquest  of 
an  ocean — the  dream  of  aviation  since 
the  Wright  brothers. 

From  San  Francisco  Bay  9000  miles 
to  the  muddy  yellow  waters  of  the  Canton 
River  that  swirls  about  the  world  ports 
of  far-off  Southern  China,  aerial  pioneers 
have  completed  the  last  span  in  an  in- 
credible aerial  bridge.  Soon  now  the  big 
four-engined  25-ton  Pan  American  Clip- 
pers will  be  shuttling  back  and  forth  with 
clock-like  regularity,  changing,  as  they 
fly,  the  time-concept  of  the  world,  shrink- 
ing the  vast  Pacific  to  a  seventh  of  its 
normal  size. 

Overnight  to  Hawaii.  Four  days  to 
Manila.  Mail,  passengers,  and  express 
will  be  landed  in  China  in  less  time  than 
it  would  take  them  to  cross  the  United 
States  by  rail  only  a  decade  ago. 

What  this  will  mean  to  the  future 
course  of  American  trade,  American 
travel  habits,  the  closer  understanding 
among  peoples  half  the  world  away  from 
each  other,  anyone  can  conjecture.  What 
few  people  do  know,  however,  is  the 
story  of  the  sheer  pioneering,  the  tre- 
mendous expenditure  of  effort  and  re- 
sources required  to  make  this  new  trade 
route  possible.  Already  the  public  seems 
ready  to  accept  this  revolutionary  change 
as  casually  as  it  does  electric  refrigeration, 
air  conditioning,  radio  or  any  of  the 
other  wonders  of  our  incredible  age. 
A  Pioneering  Saga 

Yet  the  story  of  the  four  years  of  de- 
velopment behind  this  bold  pioneering  is 
as  thrilling  as  that  of  the  building  of  the 
first  trans-continental  railway  that  ended 
forever  the  isolation  of  our  own  East 
and  West. 

Early  in  1931  three  men  met  in  an 
office  high  up  in  a  New  York  skyscraper 
to  block  out  the  general  plan  of  the  pro- 
ject. Those  who  knew  them  would  have 
said  they  measured  up  to  their  task.  One 
was  Juan  Trippe,  youthful  president  of 
Pan  American  Airways,  which  even  then 
was  operating  more  than  25,000  miles  of 
important  aerial  trade  routes  between  the 
Americas.  Another  was  Andre  Priester, 
the  line's  brilliant  chief  engineer.  The 
third  was  Col.   Charles  A.   Lindbergh. 

This  much  they  knew  at  the  outset,  and 


By  WILLIAM  VAN  DUSEN 

This  is  the  day.  Today  America  wilt 
swing  into  action  an  airway  to  the 
Orient — a  nine  thousand  mile  aerial 
trade  route  across  the  vast  Pacfic  Ocean 
that  bids  fair  to  affect  the  course  of 
world  affairs  by  changing,  from 
twenty-eight  days  to  sixty  brief  flying 
hours,  the  interval  between  the  West- 
ern World  and  the  far-off  Orient;  that 
will  give  American  commerce  a  high 
road  to  the  billion  dollar  markets  of 
the  teeming  East,  and  make  neighbors 
of  peoples  half  the  world  apart. 

This  is  the  first  of  five  articles  which 
tell,  for  the  first  time,  of  the  remark- 
able organization  and  planning  behind 
this  ocean-bridging  airway;  of  its  pio- 
neering; the  ships  and  men  that  are  to 
be  geared  to  the  task;  what  the  service 
is  to  be,  and  some  of  the  effects  of  this 
new.  dynamic  link  between  the  hemis- 
pheres. 

it  inspired  the  whole  train  of  their  plan- 
ning: If  they  could  not  devise  means  of 
building  an  American  airline  to  Asia, 
America's  bid  for  a  share  of  the  ten  bil- 
lion dollar  trade  of  the  Orient  would 
soon  face  a  hopeless  obstacle.  For  even 
then  four  long  airplane  lines  had  been 
started  from  Europe,  reaching  out  across 
country  after  country,  all  racing  toward 
the  Far  East.  Soon  European  trade 
would  be  flowing  to  Eastern  Asia  in  half 
the  three  weeks  interval  it  takes  to  travel 
from  our  West  Coast  to  China  by  the  best 
steamer  service. 

Spread  out  before  the  three  planners 
as  though  to  emphasize  the  formidability 
of  their  project,  was  a  huge  map  of  the 
Pacific.  They  talked  long  hours  of  gen- 
eral features,  then  broke  up  to  meet  again 
and  again  through  succeeding  weeks. 

Soon  the  great  chart  had  been  covered 
with  a  spider  web  of  lines  tracing  pro- 
posed routes  by  this  or  that  chain  of 
island  stepping-stones.  Finally  it  became 
obvious  that  the  best  route  between  Cali- 
fornia and  the  coast  of  China  lay  by 
way  of  a  series  of  island  stations,  all  of 
them  by  some  queer  chance  of  imperial 
destiny  possessions  of  the  United  States — 
Hawaii,    Midway,    Wake,   Guam. 

Task  Challenged  Imagination 

But  what  a  challenge  that  9,000-mile 
route  presented,  even  after  it  had  been 
broken  into  a  half  dozen  stages  ! 

The   first  of  them,  2400  miles  between 


San  Francisco  and  Hawaii,  would  be  the 
longest  —  longer  than  any  open-water 
stretch  on  any  ocean  trade  route.  And 
in  1931  no  seaplane  had  yet  been  built 
that  could  fly  that  far  with  even  a  safe 
fuel  reserve,  let  alone  a  commercial  load. 

To  build  the  string  of  island  bases 
would  be  another  colossal  task  in  itself. 
Midway  for  example,  was  merely  a  cable 
station;  Wake,  an  uninhabited  coral  atoll 
a  thousand  miles  from  its  nearest  neigh- 
bor. 

No  methods  of  navigation  were  then 
available  for  aircraft  use  which  would 
give  the  absolute  precision  needed  for 
commercial  operation  over  trackless 
stretches  of   ocean. 

Finally,  no  pilots  had  ever  been  trained 
to  the  high  levels  of  the  skill  that  con- 
stant trans-oceanic  flying  would  require. 
No  ground  organization  existed  prepared 
to  back  them  from  such  widely  scattered 
bases. 

Planes,  bases,  navigation  systems,  or- 
ganization, each  one  meant  a  major  un- 
dertaking. How  the  first  three  tasks  were 
carried  to  successful  terminations  is  told 
in  accompanying  articles.  Enough  alone 
to  engage  our  interest  in  this  one  is  the 
long  campaign  of  training  Pan  American 
set  up   for  its  personnel. 

Working  Laboratory  Set  Up 

Early  in  those  preliminary  discussions 
of  four  years  ago,  Priester  answered  for 
the  men  and  organization  when  they 
would  be  needed.  And  he  did  so  con- 
fidently because  he  knew  to  the  last  detail 
every  phase  of  what  American  pilots  and 
technicians  had  already  accomplished  in 
Latin  America. 

In  three  years  he  had  seen  the  Pan 
American  System  grow  from  a  short  air 
mail  route  between  Key  West  and  Havana 
into  a  complex  network  that  ran  from 
Texas  down  the  mountainous  backbone 
of  Central  and  South  America  to  Chile, 
then  eastward  across  the  Andes  to  the 
Argentine;  that  connected  Cuba  with 
Eastern  South  America  by  way  of  the 
Caribbean  islands  and  with  Panama  by 
way  of  Yucatan;  that  ran  from  Panama 
across  the  northern  coast  of  South  Am- 
erica, thence  down  the  Atlantic  seaboard 
of    Brazil    and    Uruguay. 

Each  one  of  those  lines  had  presented 
severe  and  unprecedented  problems  of 
airport  construction,  of  organization,  of 
flight  technique,  of  maintenance.  The 
land  plane  routes  in  the  west  lay  through 
primitive,  rugged  country.  The  line  had 
had  to  perfect  a  system  of  supply  for  its 
(Continued  to  Page   14) 


Page  8 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November   22,    1935 


EDITORIAL 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Published  weekly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San   Francisco,   California 

THOMAS  W.  CHINN,  Editor 

Per  year,  #2.00;   Per  copy,  5c 

Not     responsible     for    contributions 
unaccompanied    by    return    postage 

STAPF 

CHING    WAH   LEE Associate   Editor 

WILLIAM   HOY  Associate   Editor 

FRED    GEORGE  WOO Sports 

CLARA  CHAN Fashions 

ETHEL   LUM  Sociology 

ROBERT  G.    POON Circulation 

GEORGE  CHOW Advertising 


Exploit  Chinatown? 

A  group  of  Eastern  capitalists  are  contemplating 
the  erection  of  a  "Little  China"  in  one  corner  of  China- 
town to  catch  the  unwary  1938  exposition  visitor.  This 
group  would  put  a  fence  around  one  corner  of  China- 
town, perhaps  somewhere  near  the  old  Barbary  Coast, 
and  thus  cash  in  on  an  historic  landmark  which  has 
taken  the  Chinese  more  than  three  generations  to  build. 

The  Japanese  have  already  taken  the  southern 
half  of  Chinatown — our  best  bazaar  section — and  we 
are  reminded  what  harm  is  being  done  our  bazaars 
when  cheap  imitations  and  flimsy  curios  flood  Grant 
Avenue.  It  remains  now  for  these  Easterners  to  take 
the  northern  half  and  the  Chinese  goose  would  be  well 
barbequed. 

Long  Fingered  Mandarins 

We  must  make  haste  to  inform  our  city  officials 
that  we  do  not  contemplate  having  outsiders  represent 
us.  These  easterner  adventurers  cannot  adequately 
portray  our  customs,  habits,  and  culture.  Their  one 
aim  would  be  to  extract  money  from  tourists  at  our 
expense.  At  best  they  will  arrive  at  a  Hollywood 
version  of  long-fingered  Mandarins  chasing  sing-song 
girls  across  a  chop  suey  joint.  We  are  tired  of  comedies. 

We  look  forward  to  the  time  when  our  own 
generation  will  sponsor  some  projects  for  the  coming 
San  Francisco  Exposition  which  will  be  remunerative 
to  the  originators  and  educational  to  the  public.  Such 
endeavors  would  also  give  employment  to  the  Chinese 
and  incentive  for  other  projects  to  follow. 

Meanwhile  we  must  post  up  a  warning  sign:  Keep 
Chinatown  Chinese.  All  San  Francisco  is  behind  us 
in  this  desire.     It  remains  for  us  to  roll  up  our  sleeves. 

Toi  Shan 

In  Toi-Shan  District,  Kwangtung  Province,  which 
can  safely  be  said  that  almost  one-third  of  the  Chinese 
in  America  claim  as  their  ancestral  hearth,  a  census 
was  recently  conducted  by  the  provincial  government. 
At  its  completion  it  was  revealed  that  more  than  one 
million  people  inhabit  that  one  Section.  Overseas 
Chinese  from  the  British  Straits  Settlement,  the  Dutch 
and  British  East  Indies,  the  Philippines,  Australia,  and 
from  the  United  States  and  Canada,  who  have  returned 
there  in  recent  years,  due  to  the  world-wide  economic 
depression,  constitute,  together  with  their  descendants, 
a  significant  proportion  of  the  population.  And  their 
economic  power  and  political  influence  are  proportion- 
ately greater  than  their  number. 


Hospital  Centennial 

The  humanitarian  work  of  a  young  American 
Protestant  minister  who  was  credited  with  being  the 
first  medical  missionary  to  China  was  recalled  recently 
when  the  Opthalmic  Hospital  in  Canton  celebrated  the 
one  hundredth  year  of  its  founding. 

Dr.  Peter  Parker,  the  founder  of  this  hospital, 
served  China  and  his  own  country  well,  for  he  lived  at 
a  time  when  America  was  just  discovering  the  possi- 
bilities of  the  China  trade.  His  career  revealed  a  truly 
useful  life:  Born  in  Framingham,  Mass.,  he  graduated 
from  Yale  Medical  and  Divinity  Schools  in  1834,  and 
was  ordained  a  Presbyterian  minister  the  same  year 
in  Philadelphia.  At  that  time  the  work  of  missionaries 
in  China  was  severely  restricted  by  Imperial  orders,  but 
nevertheless  young  Dr.  Parker  sailed  for  Canton. 
There,  because  of  religious  persecution  of  foreign  mis- 
sionaries, he  was  forced  to  flee  to  Singapore,  where  he 
learned  the  Chinese  language  and  conducted  a  small 
dispensary.  In  1835  he  went  back  to  Canton,  and,  aided 
by  British  and  American  merchants,  opened  a  dispen- 
sary which  later  became  the  Ophthalmic  Hospital. 
Later,  Dr.  Parker  served  as  secretary  to  Caleb  Cushing 
in  negotiating  the  first  treaty  between  the  United  States 
and  China,  and  subsequently  became  American  Com- 
missioner and  Minister.  He  died  in  1888  in  his  eighty- 
fourth  year,  but  the  work  which  he  started  and  which 
is  his  chief  claim  to  distinction,  is  still  being  carried  on 
at  the  Ophthalmic  Hospital  in  Canton. 

Dragon  Dance 

A  fortnight  ago  the  Boston  Tuberculosis  Associa- 
tion conducted  a  typically  Chinese  program  to  raise 
funds  for  the  maintenance  of  its  free  clinic  in  that  city's 
Chinatown.  A  dragon  dance  was  given  throughout  the 
streets  of  the  Chinese  community,  and  each  store  and 
home  that  the  dragon  passed  contributed  a  sum  to 
'appease  the  dragon's  hunger".  Fifteen  girls  bearing 
flower  baskets  followed  the  dragon  in  its  meahderings 
in  the  city  streets,  and  obtained  more  money  from  spec- 
tators by  selling  flowers;  while  in  the  clinic  tea  and 
Chinese   pastries   were   served   to    visitors. 

This  captivating  idea  could  well  be  duplicated  in 
San  Francisco's  Chinatown  by  the  local  branch  of  the 
California  Tuberculosis  Association  to  raise  funds  in 
helping  to  provide  examinations  and  treatments  to 
Chinese  tubercular  and  near-tubercular  persons.  At 
present  facilities  are  still  lacking  for  this  purpose  despite 
the  existence  of  the  Chinese  Hospital  and  the  Public 
Health  Center   in   Chinatown. 

The  Chinatown  clinic  maintained  by  the  Boston 
Tuberculosis  Association  provides  examinations  and 
treatments  for  an  average  of  more  than  400  persons 
annually. 

Overseas    Chinese   Schools 

The  Overseas  Chinese  Affairs  Commission  of  the 
Chinese  National  Government  recently  made  an  appro- 
priation of  $200,000  to  aid  in  the  education  of  young 
nationals  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  also  concur- 
rently to  conduct  a  new  census  of  the  number  of  Chi- 
nese language  schools  outside  China  and  the  number 
of  pupils  therein. 


November  22,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  9 


BOOKS 


By  William  Hoy 


fThe  Sino-Japanese  Controversy 
and  the  League  of  Nations.' 

By    Westel    W.    Willoughby,     Baltimore: 
Johns  Hopkins  Press. 

The    Counsel   to   the    Chinese    Embassy 
at   Washington,    until    recently    Professor 
of    Political    Science    at    Johns    Hopkins 
University,    has    collected    and    arranged 
all  the   existing   pertinent  and  important 
documents    relating    to    the    Manchurian 
affair.      Although   the  League  finally   be- 
came powerless  in  curbing   Japans'  inva- 
sion into  Chinese  territory,  the  facts  pres- 
ented   in   this    book    condemns   Japan    in 
no     uncertain    terms.       It    also    revealed 
that   China  had   based    her   hope   on  the 
League   to   settle    this  imbroglio,   but  was 
rewarded     with    a    helpless    gesture     and 
given  to  understand  that  she  herself  must 
utilize    her   own    resources   to   thresh    out 
this  problem  with  her  aggressive,  militar- 
istic neighbor.      Valuable   is  the  author's 
concluding  reflections  giving  his  own  in- 
terpretations  of  the  events  leading  up  to 
and    after   September    18,    1931,    and   his 
analysis  of  League  jurisprudence  and  the 
League's  effectiveness  as  the  international 
guardian    of    the    political    rights    of    all 
nations. 

•  • 

Chinese  Jade 

by  Frank  Davis.   Tewin,  Wood,   Welwyn, 
Herts.    London. 

A  thoroughly  valuable  and  informa- 
tive book  discussing  the  nature  and  Chi- 
nese love  of  jade.  The  author  traces  the 
history  of  jade  from  the  Chou  dyn- 
asty (1122-255  B.  C.)  through  the  "clas- 
sical age  of  Jade"  of  the  Han  and  Sung 
periods  down  to  the  reign  of  the  Emper- 
or Chi'en  Lung  of  the  Manchu  dynasty 
(1736-96).  It  is  well  illustrated  with 
many  plates.  Except  for  the  portions 
where  the  author  veered  off  too  far  with 
his  personal  opinions,  which  were  a  lit- 
tle too  far-fetched,  this  book  should  ap- 
peal to  all  lovers  and  collectors  of  Chi- 
nese   Jade. 

•  • 

The  Chinese  Festive  Board 

by  Corinne  Lamb.     Peiping:  The  French 
Bookstore.    Chinese,   $6. 

The  author,  after  living  20  years  in 
China  and  during  that  time  becoming  a 
connoisseur  of  Chinese  cooking,  gives  the 
recipes  of  50  Celestial  dishes  which  she 
considers  the  best  from  the  standpoint 
both  of  taste  and  digestion.  The  book  is 
illustrated  and  has  instructions  on  the 
dexterous  art  of  manipulating  chop-sticks 
and  on  the  method  of  drinking  Chinese 
wine.  This  last  may  sound  a  little  odd 
to    Westerners,  until   it  is   explained  that 

Xm ■ 


wine  drinking  is  a  cultivated  art  with  the 
Chinese. 

Chinese  and  English  Modern 
Military  Dictionary: 

5,500  Army,  Navy,  Air  Technical  Terms. 
Compiled  by  Capt.  J.  V.  Davidson-Hous- 
ton and  Lt.  R.  V.  Dewar-Durie.  Illus- 
trated appendices  of  Naval  and  Military 
Badges  of  Rank.  Issued  under  the  Pat- 
ronage of  H.  E.  Marshal  Chang  Hseuh 
Liang.    Peiping:   French  Bookstore. 

A  much  needed  Chinese-English  and 
English-Chinese  compilation  of  modern 
military  terms  which  has  confused  the 
average  newspaper  reader  for  many 
years.  Especially  valuable  to  journalists 
and  writers  dealing  with  events  in  China 
and  things  Chinese. 

•  • 

Gateway  to  Oldest  Asia 

By  William  Hoy 

For  those  who  find  their  greatest 
pleasure  in  the  reading  of  descriptions 
and  stories  of  travel  and  explorations  in 
remote  and  unfamiliar  places  of  the 
Orient  they  will  find  an  interesting  and 
well-written  article  in  the  November 
issue    of   "Travel." 

"Gateway  to  Oldest  Asia"  is  the  title, 
and  it  is  written,  or  rather  typewritten, 
by  Edgar  Snow.  Mr.  Snow  is  a  seasoned 
newspaperman  who  has  a  flair  for  digging 
out  interesting  and  dramatic  things  to 
write  about.  Formerly  on  the  staff  of  the 
"Shanghai  China  Weekly  Review,"  he 
is  now  a  roving  journalist. 
Yunnanfu 
"Gateway  to  Oldest  Asia"  describes  a 
journey  to  one  of  China's  least  known 
provinces,  Yunnanfu.  This  most  south- 
westerly province  of  China  is  interest- 
ing for  many  good  reasons.  For  one 
thing,  Great  Britain  and  France  are 
each  trying  to  gain  as  much  control  over 
the  southwest  portions  of  this  province  as 
it  is  politically  expedient  to  do.  The 
Chinese  Government  is  quite  aware  of 
these  two  nations'  imperialistic  designs, 
but  Nanking  is  having  enough  on  its 
hands  attempting  to  consolidate  the  in- 
terior provinces,  preventing  on  the  one 
hand  the  spread  of  present  communist 
uprisings,  and  on  the  other  the  mercen- 
ary  Japanese. 

Yunnan  is  one  of  the  richest  provinces 
in  mineral  wealth,  which  is  a  primary 
factor  inspiring  British  and  French  secret 
acquisition  of  its  territory.  It  has  an 
abundance  of  copper  and  tin,  and  lesser 
minerals. 

Unexplored  Territory 
Because  the  province  is  almost  entirely 


"Secrets    of    Chinatown" 

As  recently  as  1934  it  was  reported  in 
a  local  American  daily  that  two  Iowa 
school  teachers,  embarking  on  a  China- 
town tour,  demanded  recommendations 
'from  the  manager  of  the  Chinatown 
Trade  and  Travel  Bureau  before  doing 
so. 

"We've  heard  about  those  slave  girls," 
they  were  reported  to  have  said.  "We 
don't  want  to  be  kidnaped  and  made 
sing-song  girls."  (See  feature  article  en- 
titled "Welcome,  Stranger!"  in  San 
Francisco  News,  October  10,  1934). 

This  is  a  typical  example  of  many  dis- 
torted notions  about  Chinatown  which 
is  still  prevalent  among  well-meaning 
Americans  whose  knowledge  of  the  Chi- 
nese is  gained  through  hair-raising  fic- 
tion of  the  Fu-Manchu  variety,  through 
occasional  reports  of  wrong  doings  and 
tong  troubles  in  newspapers  which  are 
always  magnified  out  of  all  proportion 
to  their  importance  and  news-worthiness; 
and  last  but  not  least,  through  the  depic- 
tion on  the  cinema  screen  of  the  "heathen 
(Continued   to  Page   12) 

mountainous  —  the  off-shoots  of  the 
mighty  Himalayas  are  partly  responsible 
for  this — most  of  the  southwestern  ter- 
ritory is  inaccessible,  and  therefore  some 
parts  of  the  province  are  as  yet  unex- 
plored. This  fact  alone  makes  Yunnan 
a   magnet   for    hardy    explorers. 

Since  the  division  of  Szechwan  sev- 
eral years  ago,  Yunnan  now  becomes  the 
largest  province  in  China,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  Kansu,  also  the  least  popu- 
lated, having  only  58  inhabitants  per 
square   mile. 

Furthermore,  only  half  the  population 
of  the  province  are  Chinese;  the  remain- 
der is  made  up  of  more  than  200  tribes 
or  divisions  of  aboriginals,  chief  of 
which  are  the  Miao,  Lolo,  Chungchia, 
with  a  sprinkling  of  Tibetan  and  Bur- 
mese elements.  And  the  purest  Mandarin 
dialect  outside  of  Peiping  is  spoken  by 
the  Chinese  in  Yunnan — a  remarkable 
fact. 

Elephants 
One    last   interesting    fact:    Yunnan   is 
the    only    province    in    China    which    has 
elephants. 

All  the  above  description  of  Yunnan's 
interesting  factors  are  not  culled  from 
Mr.  Snow's  article.  In  "Gateway  to  Old- 
est Asia"  he  gives  you  a  first  hand  look 
at  the  province  and  shows  you  many 
more  interesting  and  worthwhile  glimpses 
of  "the  land  south  of  the  clouds" — literal 
interpretation  of  the  two  characters 
which  make  up  the  wotd  Yun-nan. 


Page   10 


CHINESE       DIC EST 


November   22,    1935 


CHINESE  DURING  DEPRESSION 


By  Ethel  Lum 

Since  March  of  1931,  when  the  first 
Chinese  family  applied  for  unemploy- 
ment relief,  the  number  of  Chinese  in 
San  Francisco  receiving  assistance  from 
the  State  Relief  Administration  has 
grown  to  approximately  2300,  almost 
one-sixth  of  the  entire  Chinese  popula- 
tion of  San  Francisco.  This  relief  load 
consists  of  approximately  350  families, 
25  unmarried  women,  and  500  unmar- 
ried men. 

The  relief  originally  took  the  form  of 
groceries  sent  from  a  local  Chinese  food 
store  to  the  families,  a  basket  once  a  week 
for  the  large  families,  once  in  two  weeks 
for  the  smaller  families.  The  amount 
and  type  of  food  was  carefully  arranged 
and  selected  to  offer  the  most  nutritional 
values.  In  addition,  milk  was  delivered 
daily.  To  permit  a  free  selection  of  food, 
a  system  of  weekly  orders  or  vouchers 
was  attempted  in  October,  1933.  The 
food  orders  were  called  for  and  taken  to 
the  various  stores  to  be  filled  as  wished. 
Cash  Relief  Now 
Cash  relief,  introduced  in  San  Fran- 
cisco in  February,  1934,  is  now  the  sole 
form  of  assistance.  A  weekly  check  is 
sent  to  each  family  or  single  individual, 
the  amount  of  which  provides  for  ex- 
penditures for  food,  rent,  utilities,  and 
clothing,  budgeted  on  the  number  of  per- 
sons in  the  household.  In  addition,  sur- 
plus food  commodities  and  surplus  cloth- 
ing are  periodically  distributed.  Provi- 
sion for  medical  care  is  centralized  in  a 
Central  Medical  Bureau,  to  which  agency 
all  requests  for  medical  assistance  are  re- 
ferred, and  where  minor  ailments  are 
treated.  More  serious  or  specialized 
cases  are  referred  to  other  private  or  pub- 
lic clinics  in   the  city. 

The  Chinese  social  service  staff  num- 
bers eleven  workers,  seven  women  and 
four  men.  The  case  aides  (visitors)  have 
at  least  one  contact  a  month  with  each 
case,  generally  a  visit  in  the  home.  Not 
only  do  the  workers  assist  in  the  dispens- 
ing of  financial  assistance,  but  they  also 
attempt  to  aid  their  clients  to  adjust  to 
their  environment,  physically,  mentally 
and  emotionally.  Because  of  language 
difficulties  and  differences  in  habits  and 
customs,  the  Chinese  on  relief  have  always 
received  special  consideration,  and  have 
been  treated  fairly  and  justly.  They  receive 
identically  the  same  allowance  for  food  as 
do  the  white  families;  whereas  in  several 
counties  in  California,  Chinese  and  other 
racial  groups,  Filipino,  Mexican,  etc.,  are 
accorded  a  lower  food  budget,  a  difference 
of  from   10  to  20  per  cent,   on  the   belief 


that  these  racial  groups  have  less  expen- 
sive diets. 

Relief  Classified 

A  recent  study  of  the  occupational  his- 
tory of  the  heads  of  families  revealed  that 
the  greater  part  of  these  family  men  were 
formerly  employed  as  cooks  and  business 
men.  Among  the  single  men,  a  more  un- 
stable group  of  workers,  a  majority  of 
them  were  previously  engaged  as  seasonal 
workers,  laundrymen,  and  cooks.  The 
following  list  will  give  a  comparative 
study  of  the  occupations  of  both  types 
of  men  and  occupations: 

Farm  or  seasonal  workers,  single  men, 
25.5  per  cent;  family  men  8.8  per  cent. 
Laundry  workers,  single,  21.3  per  cent; 
family,  3.4  per  cent.  Cooks,  family  and 
hotel,  15.2  per  cent;  family,  20.4  per  cent. 
Kitchen  helpers  and  waiters,  single,  14.1 
per  cent;  family,  8.3  per  cent.  Semi-skilled 
workers:  garment  makers,  printers,  broom- 
makers,  tinsmiths,  single,  9.4  per  cent; 
family,  16.8  per  cent.  Housemen,  janitors, 
gardeners,  single,  5.7  per  cent;  family, 
9  per  cent.  Clerks,  office  aides,  salesmen, 
single,  5.7  per  cent;  family,  17.1  per  cent. 
Business  operators,  single,  2.1  per  cent; 
family,  12.3  per  cent.  Professionals: 
teachers,  laboratory  technicians,  single, 
1  per  cent;  family,  3.9  per  cent. 

Improper  Housing 

Aside  from  unemployment,  the  most 
serious  problem  confronted  in  this  relief 
population  is  that  of  improper  housing, 
with  its  injurious  implications  with  regard 
to  health.  The  stuation  is  complicated  by 
the  high  rentals  in  Chinatown  and  by  the 
lack  of  buildings  in  the  vicinity  of  the  com- 
munity into  which  the  families  can  move. 
A  recent  investigation  of  housing  condi- 
tions among  119  relief  families  showed 
that  these  families,  with  622  individuals, 
live  in  only  268  rooms,  or  an  average  of 
2.2  persons  to  a  room.  This  figure  of  2.2 
does  not  begin  to  describe  the  inadequacy 
of  the  situation,  since  many  of  the  rooms 
reported  were  merely  cubicles  or  partitions 
not  sufficiently  large  to  comply  with  U.  S. 
housing  standards.  The  fact  that  out  of 
1 19  families  only  40  have  private  kitchens, 
and  only  25  have  private  bathing  facilities 
gives  a  better  picture  of  the  congested 
conditions.  Considerable  work  has  been 
done  by  the  Chinese  social  service  workers 
in  encouraging  and  promoting  better 
living  conditions,  and  when  one  com- 
pares present  conditions  with  those  of 
ten  years  ago,  one  is  struck  by  the  no- 
ticeable difference. 

Health   Standards  Raised 

In  general  health  habits,  there  has 
been  a  definite  raise   in  standards.      More 


contacts  and  greater  acquaintance  with 
the  clinics  hve  lessened  the  distrust  nd 
disdain  of  Western  methods  of  medicine. 
The  sick  and  bedridden  are  more  willing 
to  enter  the  public  hospitals,  no  longer 
with  fear  of  "not  leaving  them  alive." 
The  amount  of  milk  now  consumed  by 
families  on  relief  far  surpasses  the  quan- 
tity previously  consumed.  One  of  the 
most  gratifying  responses  to  clinic  care 
is  the  confidence  shown  by  the  Chinese 
mothers  in  the  prenatal  clinics.  Over 
90  per  cent  of  all  child  births  and  ma- 
ternity cases  within  relief  families  are 
taken  care  of  by  the  prenatal  clinics  of 
the  San  Francisco  Hospital  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  Chinese  branch  of  the 
board  of  health.  Many  of  the  mothers 
are  even  willing  to  have  their  babies  de- 
livered in  the  hospital,  there  to  remain 
the   customary  period  of  ten  days. 

Moral  Effect  of  Relief 
The  question  of  whether  public  relief 
has  had  any  moral  effect  upon  the  Chi- 
nese people  may  be  answered  in  many 
different  ways.  There  is  discernable, 
however,  a  definite  change  of  mental  at- 
titude toward  dependence  upon  public 
support.  The  Chinese  as  a  race  have 
always  prided  themselves  for  their  inde- 
pendence and  self-respect.  They  "dig 
their  own  wells,  plow  their  own  fields, 
and  earn  their  own  food  and  drink."  The 
government  does  not  owe  them  a  living: 
it  merely  offers  protection  for  them  to 
labor  in  peace.  As  a  result  of  the  con- 
tinued acceptance  of  relief,  there  has  de- 
veloped in  the  Chinese  a  changed  attitude 
toward  the  entire  situation.  The  first  few 
families  who  found  it  necessary  to  accept 
relief  were  looked  down  upon  as  accept- 
ing "charity."  Gradually,  as  the  economic 
depression  become  more  widespread  and 
more  people  were  compelled  to  seek  pub- 
lic assistance,  there  came  the  recognition 
that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  "public  govern- 
ment," the  great  "wong  gar,"  to  provide 
for  every  one's  needs.  This  recognition 
of  a  new  "inalienable  right,"  the  right  of 
an  individual  to  indefinite  support  at 
public  expense,  is  something  foreign  to 
the    Chinese    mind. 


Sal 


es 


Service 


FORD 


BEN     CHEY 
REPAIR   SHOP 

725  Pacific  St.  GAr.  4592 


November  22,   1935 


CHINE  S  E       D I C  EST 


Page   11 


FASHIONS 


Y.  W.  C.  A.  Fashion 
Show  Brilliant 

Briltiant  in  new  styles  of  Western 
dress  and  colorful  with  the  hues  of  cere- 
monial gowns  of  past  Chinese  dynasties 
some  of  San  Francisco  Chinatown's  pret- 
tiest girls  passed  in  review  in  a  fashion 
pageant  before  a  vast  throng  at  the  Chi- 
nese Y.   W.  C.  A.  last  Saturday  night. 

It  was  Community  Night.  The  spacious 
auditorium  was  packed  with  eager  audit- 
ors. Young  China  was  vociferous  in  its 
approval  of  the  modern  Western  habili- 
ments of  Fashion  and  the  older  people 
were  graciously  tolerant  but  visibly  and 
smilingly  pleased  with  the  representation 
of  silks,  brocades  and  embroidery  of  the 
graceful  garments  of  the  old  regime. 
Both  groups  were  impressed  by  the 
wearers  of  the  gowns  for  a  more  attrac- 
tive coterie  of  youthful  Oriental  beauty 
is  rarely  seen. 

Sequins  Popular 

Although  no  just  comparison  could 
ever  be  made  between  Chinese  fashion 
and  fashion  originated  in  Paris  and 
Hollywood,  yet  a  close  similarity  between 
the  two  was  discernible.  Among  the  latest 
gowns  that  were  modeled  the  popular  use 
of  sequins  was  obvious.  To  the  Chinese 
dressmakers,  sequins  were  utilized  more 
as  a  means  for  creative  design  and  pat- 
tern to  give  individuality  to  the  otherwise 
plain  long  dresses  of  today,  but  to  coutour- 
iers  of  the  West,  brilliant  and  glamorous 
effects   are  achieved. 

With  the  increasing  demand  for  dresses 
for  the  cocktail  hour,  Miss  Grace  Chew 
presented  an  excellent  model  of  the  cock- 
tail gown.  It  was  in  vermillion  red,  with 
cleverly  cut  sleeves  that  formed  part  of 
the  neckline  and  the  fullness  of  which 
was  gathered  at  the  wrist  in  a  tight  band. 
A  skull  cap,  cocktail  hats  being  indispens- 
able this  season,  made  entirely  of  gold 
sequins  was  worn   at  a   perky  angle. 

Black  Wool  and  Lamb 
Miss  Constance  King,  looking  very 
chic  in  a  smart  outfit  of  black  wool,  ex- 
cited the  envy  of  all  the  ladies  present. 
Persian  lamb  trimmed  the  front  of  the 
short  jacket  and  little  stand  up  collar, 
while  silk  braids,  fashioned  in  leaf- 
shaped  frogs,  served  as  fastenings.  The 
hat  of  the  same  black  wool,  was  also 
trimmed  with  Persian  lamb.  Shoes, 
gloves  and  bag  of  black  suede  completed 
this  outfit,  which  justly  should  be  de- 
creed one  of  the  smartest  of  this  season's 
new   styles. 

To  the  beautiful  young  lady  from  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  Miss  Alice  Lum,  a 
bouquet   is  due   for  giving  us  an  idea   of 


By  CLARA  CHAN 

Big  Game  Styles 

With  the  end  of  the  football  season  in 
sight,  climaxed  by  the  "big  game,"  this 
weekend  will  no  doubt  be  the  gayest  of 
all  the  year.  Already  the  younger  people 
have   planned   weeks    ahead   to   celebrate. 

Among  the  girls  there  has  been  much 
discussion  as  to  "what  shall  I  wear  at  the 
Big  Game  dance." 

Many  of  us  often  leave  our  decisions 
to  the  last  minute,  but  it  is  well  to  bear 
in  mind  if  you  are  rushing  about  town 
looking  for  grand  pickups,  that  the 
evening  mode  this  winter  calls  for  much 
draping,  fullness  concentrated  at  the 
back,  low  cut  decollette,  panels  floating 
off  behind  to  add  to  the  grace  and  lithe- 
ness  of  the  figure,  in  short,  gowns  por- 
traying the  Grecian  influence  are  con- 
sidered ideal.  In  selecting  the  fabric  of 
your  gown,  be  it  metallic  silk  or  lame, 
supple  satin  or  the  new  velvet,  color 
plays  an  important  role.  Dead  white  and 
black,  sapphire  blue,  wine  rust,  renna- 
issance  green,  and  of  course  violet  are 
are  all  fashionable.  Jewels  of  massive  set, 
butterfly  clips  of  rhinestone,  and  flowers 
of  gold  cloth  or  lame  will  be  worn. 
•  • 

ADD  ANOTHER  COLOR 

For  those  who  are  nimble  with  their 
needles,  there  are  mateleasse,  sheer  wool, 
and  satin  crepe  in  a  whole  gamut  of 
purples,  one  of  the  leading  colors  of  mid- 
winter. Ranging  from  blue  violet  to  am- 
aranth (red  purple),  surely  one  of  these 
heavenly  shades  will  be  becoming  to  you 
and  you  and  you. 

what  should  be  worn  on  a  sea  trip  to  the 
islands.      Lovely    in    soft   rose   beige,    the 
mousseline  de   soie  gown  had  a  flattering 
neckline  created  by  two  huge   flounces. 
Clever  Sisters 

Two  clever  sisters,  Misses  Marie  and 
Gladys  Tom,  modeled  their  own  original 
creations.  Miss  Gladys  wore  a  sport  en- 
semble of  black  and  red  checked  wool, 
while  Miss  Marie  was  attired  in  a  black 
chiffon  velvet  formal  gown  with  gold 
sequin    yoke. 

Last  week  the  Chinese  models  were  de- 
scribed in  detail,  but  Miss  Charlotte  Jung's 
long  white  dress  is  worthy  of  mention; 
blues  from  a  peacock  pattern  around  the 
neck  line  and  hem  with  medium  sized 
pearls  outlining  the  design  and  adding 
elegance  to   the   gown. 

Last,  but  not  least,  credit  should  be 
given  Miss  Alice  Fong,  who  so  graciously 
and  successfully  worked  towards  bringing 
us  this  second  and  equally  splendid  fash- 
ion show. 


A  DASH  OR  A  SPARKLE 
TURNS  OLD  DRESSES  NEW 

Sales  of  rhinestone  clips,  bracelets, 
and  necklaces  are  about  town —  so-o  if 
you  are  not  wearing  a  new  formal  to  the 
Big  Game  dance,  why  not  alter  the 
effect  of  "that  same  old  thing"  by  add- 
ing jeweled  clips,  jeweled  buttons  or 
jeweled  collars.  It  is  considered  chic  to 
have  a  touch  of  flashing  jewel;  no 
matter  if  the  stone  is  a  fake,  just  so  long 
as  it  is  bright,  you  will  be  in  style. 

•  • 

IF  YOU  FEEL  LOW 

Nothing  refreshes  one's  spirit  as  a  new 
hat.  There  are  perky  hats  of  velour  and 
felt  soft  as  silk  that  come  in  the  jeweled 
renaissance  shades  with  fur  trimmed  to 
match  your  pocketbook,  but  then  many 
local  shops  have  reasonable  charges  to 
make  up  these  hats  to  suit  your  whim 
and  personality. 

XMAS  TREE  TRIMMING 
FOR  A  DRESS 

Despite  all  the  cry  for  metallic  and 
sparkling  fabrics,  there  is  a  novel  fabric 
for  the  evening  mode.  Made  entirely  of 
cellophane,  the  delightful  translucency 
and  unusual  softness  of  this  fabric  belies 
the  impractibility  one  would  expect  of 
cellophane   for  dress   material. 

•  • 

A  special  lecture  on  children's  diet 
has  been  arranged  for  Chinese  mothers 
Saturday  evening,  Nov.  23,  at  7:30  P.  M. 
at  the  Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  965  Clay 
St.  Miss  Cartenter,  experienced  specialist 
in  nutritional  dietrics  will  be  the  speaker, 
and  Mrs.  Jane  Kwong  Lee,  secretary, 
will   interpret    the   talk   into    Chinese. 

•  • 

TO  MAKE  CHINESE 
GARDEN  SPOT 

The  Chinatown  committee  of  the 
Down  Town  Association,  headed  by  Mr. 
William  G.  Merchant,  ardhitect,  are 
completing  plans  for  the  transformation 
of  Old  Saint  Mary's  Park  on  California 
Street  near  Grant  Avenue,  San  Fran- 
cisco, into  a  Chinese  Garden. 

Mr.  John  McLaren,  superintendent  of 
Golden  Gate  Park,  has  been  gathering 
data  from  HongKong,  Shanghai,  and 
Canton.  The  Down  Town  Association  is 
attempting  to  preserve  the  Chinese 
atmosphere  of  San  Francisco's  famous 
Chinatown,  to  keep  the  glory  and  tradi- 
tions of  Old  Cathay  alive. 


Page   12 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November   22,    1935 


SECRETS  OF  CHINATOWN 

(Continued   from   Page   9) 
Chinese"  as  a  sinister  malefactor  without 
nerve,   scruples  or  human  feelings. 
Hooey  About  Chinese 

Only  in  the  last  few  years,  when  novels 
like  "The  Good  Earth"  and  "Mother," 
which  depict  the  Chinese  as  real  human 
beings  with  many  virtues  which  Western- 
ers might  profit  by  emulating  has  the 
average  American  come  to  accept  these 
people  as  a  fellow  neighbor.  The  idea 
that  Chinatown  is  the  abode  of  myster- 
ious Chinese,  where  horrible  crimes  are 
hatched,  where  so-called  "hatchet  men" 
kill  each  other  at  the  slightest  provoca- 
tion, a  place  in  which  vices  are  indulged 
in  by  Chinese  as  well  as  white  people 
who  were  so  fortunate  as  to  be  lured  into 
its  dens  of  iniquity,  where  every  almond- 
eyed  girl  who  peeps  out  from  a  tenement 
house  window  at  the  passing  throng  is  a 
sing-song  girl — such  distorted  concep- 
tions still  prevail.  These  ideas  would  be 
laughable  if  the  were  not  accepted  so 
pathetically  as  true. 

Here  and  There,  the  Truth 

When  an  American  writer,  therefore, 
who  has  some  personal  acquaintance  with 
the  Chinese  and  has  "explored"  the 
Chinatowns  of  New  York  and  San  Fran- 
cisco, writes  something  of  what  he  has 
really  seen  and  heard  "on  the  spot,"  as 
it  were,  our  gratitude  and  deepest  appre- 
ciation goes  out  to  such  a  writer  for  we 
recognize  that  another  stride  has  been 
taken  to  dispel  untruthful  notions  of  the 
Chinese  in  America. 

'The  real  Chinatown  is  not  seen 
through  the  eyes  of  Hollywood  or  under 
the  guidance  of  fictional  characters  like 
Dr.  Fu  Manchu.  Nor  can  it  be  viewed 
from  the  sightseeing  bus."  These  few 
words  constitute  the  introduction  to  a 
30-page  booklet  written  by  the  Rev.  John 
M.  Martin,  M.M.,  and  recently  published 
by  the  Catholic  Foreign  Mission  Society 
of  America  at  New  York,  of  which  the 
Rev.  Father  Martin  is  a  member.  En- 
titled "Secrets  of  Chinatown,"  the  book- 
let was  primarily  written  for  a  Catholic 
auditnce,  but  is  really  interesting  and  in- 
formative for  everyone  who  has  as  yet 
no  bowing  acquaintance  with  the  Chinese 
and  their  colorful  communities  in  the 
United  States,  especially  the  Chinatown 
in  San  Francisco. 

On  the  cover  of  the  booklet  is  illus- 
trated in  red  the  pagoda-like  structure 
which  is  the  Chinatown  telephone  ex- 
change in   San  Francisco. 

Sightseers  See  "Plants" 

The  writer  takes  the  reader  behind  the 
scenes  and  shows  him  first  what  the  aver- 
age tourist  sees  in  the  Chinatown  of  New 
York,  the  Chinatown  of  fabricated  opium 
dens  and  joss  house  which  are   "planted" 


Chinese  Olympics  Attract  Thousands 

National  Athletic  Meet  Held  in  Shanghai 

By  Tsu  Pan 

Occidentals  who  consider  the  racial  characteristics  of  the  Chinese  people  weak 
and  effiminate  would  surely  have  been  surprised  if  they  had  visited  the  Sixth  Annual 
National  Athletic  Meet,  held  recently  in  Shanghai.  For  in  this  event,  an  army  of 
3,000  boys  and  girls  from  various  parts  of  China  participated,  fighting  and  com- 
peting, putting  forth  every  ounce  of  their  energy   in  a  battle  for  athletic  supremacy. 

Thirty-eight  provincial  groups  sent  representatives,  chosen  from  elimination 
meets.  Of  these,  the  most  distant  team  came  from  Mongolia  and  traveled  many 
months  in  camel  caravans  before  they  reached  the  nearest  railroad  line.  From  equally 
remote  districts  came  teams  from  Tibet  and  Chinese  Turkestan.  Adding  color  to 
the  occasion  were  three  teams  from  overseas. 

Ah  Boon-haw,  wealthy  palm  merchant  of  Singapore,  led  a  squad  of  150  athletes. 
C.  C.  Lim,  Chinese  millionaire  of  Manila,  brought  a  crack  basketball  team  to  bid 
for  national   honors.     A  third  overseas  team  came  from   Java. 

The  meet  was  held  October  10  to  20  in  the  newly  built  stadium  near  the  Kiang- 
wan  Civic  Center,  Shanghai.  The  stadium  was  built  at  a  cost  of  one  million  dollars 
and  is  rated  the  largest  and  the  most  up-to-date  in  the  Far  East.  Everyday  70,000 
sport   fans  filled   the  stadium   to  capacity,  leaving  many  late   comers  outside. 

The  meet  included  the  following  events:  (a)  For  boys,  track  and  field,  pantathlon 
and  decathlon,  swimming,  soccer,  basketball,  baseball,  tennis,  volleyball  and  Chinese 
boxing;  (b)  for  girls,  track  and  field,  swimming,  basketball,  baseball,  tennis,  volley- 
ball and  Chinese  boxing,  and  (c)  for  exhibition,  diving,  weight  lifting,  wrestling. 
and  polo. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  important  events  and  winners  for  boys::  1.  100  meter 
dash  won  by  Liu  Chang  Chung  (Liaoning),  10.8  seconds.  2.  200  meter  dash  won 
by  Fu  Chin  Chen  (Malayan  Chinese),  22.9  seconds.  3.  800  meter  run  won  by 
Chia  Lian  Jen  (Shanghai),  2  minutes  3.1  seconds.  4.  108  meter  high  hurdle  won 
by  Lin  Shao  Chao  (Shanghai),  time  16.2  seconds.  5.  400  meter  low  hurdle  won  by 
Sun  Huan  Pei  (Shanghai),  time  59.5  seconds.  6.  Broad  jump  won  by  Yeh  Shui  An 
(Malayan  Chinese),  record  6.96  meters.  7.  High  jump  won  by  Chiu  Shae  (Shang- 
hai) record  1.77  meters.  8.  Discus  throw  won  by  Kuo  Cheh  (Liaoning),  37.61 
meters.     9.     Javalin  throw  won  by  Pan  Yin  Sing  (Peiping),  50.28  meters. 

For  girls:  1.  50  meter  dash  won  by  Lee  Sun  (Shanghai),  6.9  seconds.  2.  100 
meter  dash  won  by  Lee  Sun  (Shanghai),  13.2  seconds.  3.  80  meter  low  hurdle  won 
by  Chien  Hsin  Su  (Shanghai),  24.5  seconds.  4.  Discus  throw  won  by  Chen  Wing 
Tong  (Shanghai),  30.1  meters.  5.  Shot  put  won  by  Chen  Wing  Tong  (Shanghai), 
10.1  meters.  6.  Broad  jump  won  by  Teng  Ying  Chao  (Malayan  Chinese),  5.1 
meters.  7.  High  jump  won  by  Kiang  Shue  Fung  (Fukien),  1.4  meters. 
(One  meter  equal  to  39.37  inches) 

Final  results  for  boys: 

Second  Place  Third  Place  Fourth  Place 

Liaoning  Peiping 


Event  First  Place 

Track  and  Field     Shanghai 
Pantathlon  and 


Decathlon 

Soccer 

Basketball 

Tennis 

Volley  Ball 

Swimming 


Liaoning 

Hongkong 

Hopei 

Shanghai 

Shanghai 

Kwangtung 


Shanghai  Kwangtung 

Malayan  Chinese  Kwangtung 
Nanking  Shanghai 


Nanking 

Peiping 

Shaneh.ii 


Chinese  Boxing      Honan 

Final  results  for  girls: 


Java  Chinese 
Honekong 
Hongkong 
Peiping 


Peiping 
Malayan  Chinese  Szechuan 
Peiping  Hopci 

Malayan  Chinese  Kwangsi 


Shanghai 


Event 

Track  &  Field 

Basketball 

Tennis 

Volley  Ball 

Baseball 

Swimming 

Chinese  Boxing 


First  Place 

Shanghai 

Shanghai 

Shansi 

Shanghai 

Shantung 

Kwangtung 

Hunan 


Second  Place  Third  Place 

Malayan  Chinese  Kwangtung 


Kwangtung 

Shanghai 

Kwangtung 

Hopei 

Hongkong 

Honan 


Fukien 

Nanking 

Hunan 

Kwangtung 

Kw.ingsi 

Shanghai 


Shantung 

Fourth  Place 

Fukien 

Ki.ingsu 

Szechuan 

Peiping 

Shanehai 

Nanking 

Tsinfrtao 


to  give   a  thrill  to  the  sightseer. 

The  reader  is  given  a  glimpse  into 
real  Chinese  homes — homes  where  "one 
meets  the  gentle  shut-in  wives,  who  wear 
trousers  and  pull  their  glossy  hair 
straight  back  into  a  knot,"  and  to  the 
"bachelor    quarters"    inhabited    by     "our 


yellow  brothers"  which  almost  alw.n  s 
"consist  of  entire  floors  honeycombed 
with  tiny  cubicles  opening  into  a  labyrinth 
of   corridors." 

The   coming    of   the   Chinese   to   Amcr- 
u  i.  the  cl.iv.es  of  Chinese  admitted,  what 
(Continued   to   Page    14) 


November  22,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page   13 


SPORTS 


By  Fred  George  Woo  ■ 


CHINESE  SCOUTS  TO  HAVE 
POWERFUL  TEAM 

The  Chinese  Troop  Three  Scouts  will 
be  represented  by  a  basketball  team  as 
powerful  as,  if  not  more  so,  than  the  one 
last  year,  which  went  through  a  stiff 
schedule  with  but  one  defeat  marring  its 
record.  They  lost  their  first  contest  of  the 
season,  before  they  were  in  form. 

Thereafter,  they  swept  through  their 
opposition.  In  a  barnstorming  tour  of 
Southern  California  they  scored  four 
victories  in  as  many  games  played.  The 
Scout  "Varsity"  walloped  two  Japanese 
and  a  Chinese  team  at  Los  Angeles  as 
well  as  a  Bakersfield  Chinese  team,  aver- 
aging fifty  points  per  game  for  the  four 
contests. 

Don     Lee,     former     Commerce     High 
"Varsity"    star,    is    coach    and    manager. 
Don  is  working  his  charges  hard  lately  to 
whip  them  into  top  condition. 
Veterans  Vie 

Veterans  from  last  season  will  form 
the  nucleus  of  this  year's  "varsity." 
Frank  Wong,  star  forward;  Frank  Lee, 
Earl  Wong,  Herbert  Tom,  Philip  Chinn, 
and  Bing  Chin  are  expected  to  carry  the 
brunt  of  the  offensive  attack.  For  defense, 
the  Scouts  have  such  dependable  players 
as  Stephen  Leong,  Theodore  Leong, 
Taft  Jung,  and  Arthur  Yim. 

Besides  these  veterans,  the  Scou:  team 
also  has  several  promising  prospects 
available.  They  are  Henry  Kan,  l  dead- 
eye  hoop  shot;  Silas  Chinn,  Edward  Le- 
ong, Ted  Moy,  Albert  Young,  and  Fran- 
cis Chin.  There  are  no  regulars  yet, 
Coach  Lee  declared,  and  each  player  will 
have  to  battle  hard  for  his  position. 
To  Enter  Tournament 

The  Scouts  are  expected  to  be  entered 
in  the  forthcoming  Wah  Ying  Basket- 
ball Tournament,  the  Coach  stated.  They 
will  be  one  of  the  main  aspirants  for 
championship  honors. 

Don  Lee's  hoopsters  have  an  intersec- 
tional  "big  game"  tentatively  scheduled 
with  the  strong  Lowa  Chinese  Club  of 
Los  Angeles  for  the  night  of  December 
22,  at  the  French  Court,  San  Francisco. 
Local  fans  are  looking  forward  to  this 
tilt  with  interest.  Following  this  contest, 
the  Southern  California  Chinese  cagers 
may  arrange  engagements  with  a  local 
Japanese  All-Star  aggregation  and  the 
Berkeley  Chinese  basketeers. 
•  • 

The  Chinese  Boys  of  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land, are  re-organizing  a  basketball  team 
this  year,  according  to  reliable  sources. 
Watch  for  a  story  on  this  in  a  near- 
future    issue. 


Tennis    Review 

Tennis,  a  sport  considered  a  silly  game 
a  few  short  years  ago  by  many  young 
Chinese,  is  one  of  their  most  popular 
games  today.  Enthusiasm  grew  by  leaps 
and  bounds,  to  such  an  extent,  in  fact; 
that  several  ardent  racket  wielders  put 
their  heads  together  and  held  a  confer- 
ence. 

As  a  result,  the  Chinese  Tennis  Asso- 
ciation of  San  Francisco  was  formed. 
The  C.  T.  A.  is  better  known  by  the 
name  of  Chitena.  It  is  one  of  the  largest 
athletic  organizations  among  Chinese  in 
America,  having  a  total  membership  of 
approximately  one  hundred  and  fifty 
boys  and  girls,  as  well  as  men  and  women. 

Dr.  Theodore  C.  Lee,  dentist,  is  presi- 
dent of  the  tennis  organization.  Lee  Him 
is  vice-president,  Hattie  Hall,  secretary- 
treasurer,  and  Hayne  Hall,  manager. 
The  C.  T.  A.  is  at  present  negotiating  for 
an  affiliation  with  the  United  States 
Lawn  Tennis  Association,  according  to 
Manager    Hall. 

Many  Upsets 

Men  players  have  not  been  ranked  re- 
cently, due  to  the  fact  many  unexpected 
upsets  had  occurred  in  the  flight 
matches.  Players  in  the  front  rank  in- 
clude Andrew  Tseng,  John  Tseng,  Vin- 
cent Chinn,  Walter  Wong,  Wahso  Chan, 
and  Thomas  Leong. 

The  first  six  girl  players  at  the 
present  writing  rank  as  follows:  Erline 
Lowe,  Mary  Chan,  Jennie  Chew,  Lucille 
Jung,  Waite  Ng,  and  Betty  Won. 

There  are  three  honorary  members 
in  the  Chitena.  They  are  Guy  Cheng, 
Kho  Sin  Kie,  and  Lewis  Carson.  The 
former  two  were  China's  recent  Davis 
Cup      players,      with      Carson      as      their 

manager. 

•  • 
COMING  SWIMMER 

One  of  the  best  Chinese  swimmers  of 
his  age  is  Willie  Ong,  17,  who  was  a  sen- 
sation in  the  recent  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
swimming  meet.  Willie  is  being  urged  by 
his  friends  to  enter  the  1936  Olympic 
tryouts   to   gain    experience    for   the    1940 

Olympics. 

•  • 
ONG  WAH 

Richard  Ong  (his  Chinese  name  is 
Ong  Wah  in  case  you  have  forgotten) 
is  now  connected  with  the  National  Dol- 
lar Store  in  Los  Angeles.  A  few  years 
ago  Richard  was  one  of  the  best  forwards 
in  basketball  in  San  Francisco's  China- 
town. 


SHANGTAI  CAGERS 

Potentially  the  strongest  basketball 
team  among  Chinese  in  the  Bay  Region 
— that's  what  the  hoop  fans  think  of  the 
Shangtai  team  this  year. 

Last  season,  and,  incidently  their  first, 
the  Shangtai  players  showed  flashes  of 
being  a  top-notch  team,  but  dogged 
throughout  the  season  by  bad  breaks, 
they  wound  up  with  only  a  fair  record, 
winning  about  half  of  their  tilts,  and 
victorious  in  but  one  contest  in  the  Y.  M. 
H.  I.  League. 

Their  best  form  was  shown  in  out-of- 
town  games  against  the  Walnut  Creek 
and  Napa  clubs.  They  hope  to  be  in  ex- 
ceptional form  throughout  the  entire 
coming  season,   and  they   bid   fair  to   be. 

Joe  Chew,  former  Peninsula  athlete, 
coaches  the  Shangtais  and  has  for  his 
team  several  sterling  performers,  notably 
Charlie  Hing,  ex-Poly  star;  Gerald  Le- 
ong, erstwhile  Commerce  player;  and 
Fred  Gok,  Galileo  mainstay  of  two  years 
ago. 

Besides  these  boys,  Coach  Chew  also 
has  Fred  Hing,  Thomas  Tong,  Frank 
Yam,  Lee  Po,  Ted  Chin,  Walter  Lee, 
Fred  Wong,  George  Lee,  and  Wilson 
Lowe.  They  are  all  fast,  husky,  and  ex- 
perienced cagers. 

The  Shangtai  squad  is  already  entered 
in  the  forthcoming  Wah  Ying  Basket- 
ball Tournament,  according  to  manager 
Arthur  Hee.  His  players  are  raring  to  go, 
having  been  practicing  for  the  last  three 
weeks.  Manager  Hee  stated  that  no  sche- 
dule has  been  made  for  the  team  yet. 
•  • 

CHUNG  MEI  CHALLENGES 

The  Chung  Mei  Home  has  organized 
a  100-pound  football  team  that  is 
making  the  entire  Home  football  con- 
scious. The  team  is  powerful,  and  fea- 
tures a  coordinated  and  smooth-running 
attack. 

Four  contests  have  been  played  so  far 
this  season  and  their  eleven  has  yet  to 
taste  defeat.  In  their  opening  game,  the 
Chung  Mei  won  from  Joe  Higgins'  team 
of  Richmond,  20  to  13.  Other  victories 
are  over  the  San  Pablo  Y.  M.  C.  A.  by  a 
score  of  33-20;  Chinese  Crusaders  of 
Oakland,  20-2;  and  the  Richmond  Y. 
M.   C.  A.   7-0. 

One  more  tilt  remains  on  the  schedule, 
which  will  be  played  on  November  27. 
No  games  have  been  played  with  San 
Francisco  teams  and  the  Chung  Mei  is 
issuing  a  challenge  to  play  any  local 
eleven    averaging    100    pounds. 


Page   14 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  22,   1935 


WINGS  TO  CHINA 

(Continued  from  Page  7) 
scattered  bases  that  relied  for  all  save 
the  heaviest  shipments  on  transportation 
by  its  own  planes.  It  had  to  face  weather 
conditions  featured  by  long  rains,  fre- 
quent fog,  occasional  hurricanes.  New 
problems  of  airplane  maintenance  caused 
by  the  hot  moist  climate  had  forced  the 
development  of  the  most  painstaking  sys- 
tems of  inspection  and  servicing.  At  the 
outset  they  had  had  to  establish  their  own 
system  of  radio  communication,  their 
own  weather  observatories  and  forecast- 
ing services,  and  set  up  the  highest  stan- 
dards of  personnel  selection. 

Clipper  Ships  Designed 
The  Caribbean  and  South  American 
coastal  divisions  had  posted  tasks  even 
more  directly  comparable  to  the  Pacific 
project.  At  first  Pan  American  had  used 
tri-motored  landplanes  on  its  over-water 
work,  then  amphibians,  finally  it  succeed- 
ed in  stimulating  the  American  aircraft 
industry  into  producing  suitable  flying- 
boats   for  the  task. 

That  in  itself  was  a  new  departure  in 
airline  operations,  for  up  to  that  time  no 
extensive  flying-boat  routes  had  ever  been 
attempted  by  a  commercial  company. 
Maintenance  problems  were  even  more 
severe  than  in  the  mountains  due  to  the 
presence  of  sea  water.  A  whole  new 
technique  of  landing,  loading,  and  take- 
off had  to  be  worked  out  for  long  chains 
of  harbors — some  of  them  crowded,  un- 
policed — others  broad,  unsheltered. 

The  Caribbean,  too,  with  its  incessant, 
severe  static,  had  forced  new  radio  de- 
velopments far  beyond  those  in  use  on 
air  lines  elsewhere  in  the  world. 

Already  by  1931  these  engineers  had 
all  their  major  problems  of  maintenance 
and  operation  well  in  hand.  The  line 
had  operated  countless  thousands  of 
miles  without  a  single  flying-boat  acci- 
dent (a  record  that  it  still  maintains) . 
Their  percentage  of  schedule  mainten- 
ance was  over  99  per  cent.  Trippe  might 
have  been  tempted  to  let  such  an  organi- 
zation rest  on  its  laurels. 

Ocean  Flying  Crews 
Instead,  he  set  up  a  new  and  exhaustive 
training  program.  With  Priester,  he  and 
Lindbergh  worked  out  an  ideal  concep- 
tion of  a  crew  to  man  a  trans-oceanic 
flying-boat — Captain,  Co-pilot,  Navigat- 
or, Radio  Officer,  Flight  Engineer.  And 
they  wanted  these  men  interchangeable 
in  case  of  an  emergency.  Imagine  a  radio 
operator  capable  of  commanding  the  en- 
gine room  of  an  ocean  liner;  an  engineer 
who  could  navigate  a  steamer  through 
the  worst  of  weather;  an  ocean  captain 
capable  of  sending  and  receiving  wireless 
messages. 

To   produce  such   men,   the  system   set 


up  courses  at  divisional  headquarters  for 
all  its  personnel.  Pilots,  no  matter  how 
extensive  their  experience,  went  through 
systematic  instruction  in  blind  flying  and 
were  given  experience  on  a  wide  selection 
of  airplane  types.  All  flying  personnel 
took  lessons  in  meteorology,  navigation, 
radio. 

New  pilots  were  passed  through  long 
Braining  periods  in  engine  shop  work. 
For  years  after  joining  the  line  they 
served  as  assistant  pilots,  as  junior  of- 
ficers, as  clerks  in  charge  of  every  detail 
of  clearing  the  cargoes  and  caring  for 
passengers,  as  radio  operators,  weather 
men,  mechanics. 

Most  Pan  American  fliers  know  at  least 
one  language  in.  addition  to  English.  All 
of  them  have  been  indoctrinated  into  the 
basic  principles  of  international  law  as 
it  affects  air   transport. 

Soon  the  system  opened  a  flying-beat 
route  from  Miami  directly  southwest  to 
Barranquilla  over  1250  miles  of  the  Car- 
ibbean. That  gave  an  "ocean  laboratory" 
to  train  crews  in  out-of-sight-of-land  navi- 
gation. The  first  of  the  17-ton  Sikorsky- 
type  "Clipper  Ships"  was  soon  available 
and  the  practice  work  became  even  more 
direct,  with  the  full  complement  of  of- 
ficers as  Priester  and  Lindbergh  had  con- 
ceived it.  Crews  took  noon  sights  of  the 
sun  to  figure  their  position,  they  checked 
them  with  radio  bearings  from  shore  sta- 
tions, they  practiced  navigation  by  dead 
reckoning,  using  drift  sights  on  the 
ocean  surface. 

First  Trans-Ocean  Clipper  Ships 
Last  year  three  19-ton  Sikorskys  be- 
came available.  Two  of  them  went  im- 
mediately into  service  on  the  eastern 
trade  route  to  far-off  Brazil  and  Argen- 
tina. But  one  of  them  was  turned  into 
a  laboratory  plane  for  the  final  phases 
of  training  for  the  Pacific  project.  Great 
fuel  tanks  filled  its  cabin  compartments. 
Chart  rooms  were  installed  and  special 
hatches  for  navigation. 

Crews  picked  from  the  system's  entire 
personnel  assembled  at  Miami  to  fly  the 
great  craft  through  endless  tests  and 
exercises. 

This  spring  everything  was  ready  for 
actual  training  over  the  long  skyway  to- 
ward Asia. 

Crack  mechanics  were  sent  to  the  Ala- 
meda base  on  San  Francisco  Bay,  and  to 
Hawaii.  Others  went  with  the  airport 
building  expedition  to  Midway,  Wake, 
Guam  and  Manila.  With  them  went 
radio  crews,  clerks,  base  managers,  each 
with  distinguished  years  of  service  be- 
hind him. 

Blazing  the  Trail  By  Air 
Then  step  by  step  the  actual  explora- 
tion of  the    route,  the  last  rehearsals  of 
each     man     in     his     long    studied    duties 


began. 

A  flight  to  Hawaii  and  return  in  April. 
A  flight  to  Midway  and  return  in  June. 
To  Wake  and  back  in  August.  Finally, 
the  "Clipper"  made  a  round  trip  to 
Guam,  some  13,000  miles  from  the  Cali- 
fornia coast.  Never  an  incident  to  mar 
the  impression  of  effortless  precision. 
Most  of  the  flights  have  actually  been  pur- 
posely headed  into  as  severe  weather  con- 
ditions as  could  be  found  along  the  route 
to  give  as  stiff  a  test  as  possible.  For  hours 
upon  hours  the  crew  practiced  flying  by 
instruments  alone  as  curtains  over  cock- 
pit windows  shut  out  all  view  of  the  ocean 
beneath   them. 

A  plan  of  crew  rotation  was  carefully 
followed.  Captain  Musick  commanded 
the  first  two  flights,  then  Captain  Sulli- 
van, who  had  served  under  him  as  first 
officer,  took  over,  varying  his  roster  of 
under  officers  from  flight  to  flight.  By 
the  opening  of  scheduled  operations  five 
full  crews  will  be  ready  to  man  the  great 
2  5 -ton  Martin  Clippers  now  ready  for 
service. 

Ready — yes,  and  fully  so.  A  few  hours 
out  of  Honolulu  on  the  first  actual  Pa- 
cific flight,  Sullivan  turned  to  Musick, 
with  a  grin.  "Old  stuff,  this,"  he  said. 
"We've  flown  this  route  so  many  times  in 
training  I've  recognized  every  cloud 
we've  seen  since  leaving  'Frisco." 

Another  chapter,  the  second,  of  this  inter- 
esting history-making  development  of  trans- 
Pacific  aviation  will  appear  in  the  next  issue 
of  the  CHINESE  DIGEST. 


SECRETS  OF  CHINATOWN 

(Continued  from  Page  12) 
districts  of  populous  Kwangtung  prov- 
ince they  come  from?  and  what  they  do 
mostly  when  they  get  here,  take  up  sev- 
eral interesting  paragraphs.  Then  fol- 
lows some  inside  tips  on  how  to  go  about 
getting   real   Chinese   food. 

Chinese  Love  of  Learning 

The  next  chapter  tells  the  Chinese 
people's  love  of  learning  and  how  the 
Chinese  throughout  this  country  con- 
duct night  schools  for  their  American- 
born  children  so  that  they  might  learn 
of  the  glories  of  the  sons  of  T'ang.  Sev- 
eral pages  are  also  devoted  to  the  Chi- 
nese students  in  America  who  have  come 
here  from  their  native  land  for  higher 
education  and  training  in  the  sciences. 
The  latest  assembled  figures  of  these 
students  and  their  distribution  in  various 
colleges  and    universities  are   given. 

The  last  chapter  makes  some  observa- 
tion regarding  religion  and  the  Chinese. 
It  describes  various  Christian  work  done 
jn    behalf    of    the    Chinese. 

The  writer  of  this  interesting  brochure. 
Father    Martin,    is    personally   acquainted 
(Continued  to  Page   16) 


November  22,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page   15 


CHINA  MAIL 

Ships  arriving  from  China: 
President  Grant  (Seattle)  No- 
vember 26;  President  Jefferson 
(Seattle)  December  10;  President 
Pierce  (San  Francisco)  December 
10;  President  Coolidge  (San  Fran- 
cisco) December  18;  President 
Jackson  (Seattle)  December  24; 
President  Wilson  (San  Francisco) 
January   7. 

Ships  sailing  for  China: 
President  Hayes  (San  Francisco) 
November  22;  President  McKinley 
(Seattle)  November  23;  President 
Hoover  (San  Francisco)  Novem- 
ber 29;  President  Johnson  (San 
Francisco)  December  6;  President 
Lincoln  (San  Francisco)  December 
13;  President  Monroe  (San  Fran- 
cisco) December  20;  President 
Coolidge  (San  Francisco)  Decem- 
ber 27. 


How^Z^l^re     SAMPAN  AND  CARAVAN 

had  over  700  rooms,  as  he  was  so  super- 
stitious that  he  would  never  sleep  in  the 
same  room  twice. 

But  his  people  began  to  be  restless 
under  his  tyranny,  his  heavy  taxation, 
and  his  forced  labor.  Moreover,  there 
were  many,  particularly  the  Confucian 
scholars  who  were  out  of  office,  who  ob- 
jected to  his  using  a  divine  title.  They 
talked  of  the  good  old  times  of  the  feudal 
lords.  They  would  refer  to  the  books  of 
Confucius,  point  out  to  the  people  the 
way  in  which  their  ruler  was  violating  all 
the  laws  and  regulations  of  conduct  laid 
down  by  their  master.  In  countless  ways 
they  stirred  the  people  to  discontent  and 
revolt. 

Ancient  Literature  Destroyed 
Finally,  after  consulting  with  his  chief 
ministers,  the  emperor  decided  on  severe 
measures.  He  decreed  that  all  the  books 
in  the  empire  should  be  burned,  saving 
only  books  on  fortune-telling,  medicine 
and  agriculture.  He  declared  moreover 
that  scholars  refusing  to  turn  in  their 
books  should  be  buried  alive  or  sent  to 
the  Great  Wall,  Which  was  of  course,  a 
death  sentence.  Any  person  discussing 
the  forbidden  books  were  executed  forth- 
with. 

He  was  foolish  enough  to   believe  that 

in  this  way  his  people  would  forget  their 

past,    cease  turning  back   to  their  golden 

age,   and  march  forward  under  his  guid- 
ance.      He     could    not    understand    that 

burning  heaps  of  books  will   not   destroy 

national    traditions    and    cultural     ideas. 

He  could  not   understand  that  books  are 

but     the     written     expression     of     men's 

dreams  and  ideals,    and   that  the   more  a 

tyrant   seeks   to    crush   and   destroy   them, 

the    more    thickly    and    the    more    sturdy 

these  ideas  spring   up  and  grow  again. 

But   he    persisted   and    for  years   perse- 
cuted, exiled  or  executed  the  scholars  and 

other  patriots   who  were  faithful   to   their 

ideals  and   ideas. 

Extends  China  Trade 
Meanwhile    his    fame    had    spread    far 

and    wide.      Under    his    strong    rule    the 

trade   routes  across  Asia  were   made  safe. 

To  Persia  and  Asia   Minor,  and  through 

them    to    Greece    and    Rome    and    Egypt 

great  caravans  of  camels  carried  bales  of 

silk  and  spices  from  the  Middle  Kingdom 

to  the  lands  of  the  setting  sun.  Silken  gar- 
ments   became    common    in   Europe,   and 

this   great    empire    of   the   East    began  to 

emerge  from  the   mists  of   the  unknown. 
And   when   they    asked    "whence   come 

these    marvelous    fabrics,    these    fabulous 

products  of  a  worm     "  the  answer  came 
''from  the  land  of  "Ch'in."     The  Greeks 

softened    the    word    to    Thinae,    and    the 


Romans  called  the  people  and  the  land 
Sinas.  When  the  word  came  to  France 
hundreds  of  years  later  it  became  Chine, 
and  in  English  China,  by  which  name 
we  call  both  the  land  of  Ch'in  and  the 
porcelains  which  originally  came  from  it. 

When  the  emperor's  time  came  to  die, 
he  was  buried  in  the  greatest  tomb  ever 
created  for  a  Chinese  monarch. 

A  hill  150  feet  high  and  1,000  feet 
across  at  its  base  was  built  of  earth;  every 
basketful  passed  from  hand  to  hand  six- 
teen miles  from  the  banks  of  a  river, 
where   the  earth  was  dug. 

In  the  center  was  built  a  wondrous 
chamber  on  bronze  foundation.  The  floor 
was  a  great  map  of  China,  with  rivers 
of  quicksilver.  Overhead  was  a  bronze 
dome  showing  the  heavens,  the  sun,  the 
moon,  and  the  constellations.  With  the 
emperor  were  buried  his  wives,  favorite 
horse  and  slaves  without  number,  and 
great  candles,  designed  to  burn  for  years, 
were  lighted. 

Name  Lives  On 

When  all  was  finished,  a  great  stone 
was  dropped  into  place,  blocking  the 
tunnel  and  imprisoning  the  workmen 
who  knew  the  secret  of  the  structure.  Out- 
side the  doors  automatic  weapons  were 
placed  to  shoot  arrows  at  marauders  seek- 
ing to  gain  an  entrance.  Then  the  hill 
was  smoothed  over  and  trees  and  grass 
were  planted  to  obliterate  all  traces  of 
man's   handiwork. 

In  spite  of  all  this  care  and  pomp  and 
circumstance,     within    twenty     years     the 


CHINESE  GOVERNMENT 
EXPERIMENTS    WITH    TUNG    OIL 

Tung  Oil  has  been  one  of  the  most 
important  articles  of  export  from  China 
for  many  years.  Being  an  essential  in- 
gredient in  the  making  of  paint  and 
many  chemical  products,  its  usefulness 
has  netted  China  millions  of  dollars 
every  year.  Most  of  the  tung  oil  is  pro- 
duced in  the  province  of  Szechuan  in 
which  more  than  50  districts  are  engaged 
in  plantation  work,  making  a  total  an- 
nual production  of  over  500,000  piculs 
(a  picul  equalling  133.3  pounds). 

The  provincial  government  of  Sze- 
chuan is  now  making  a  new  effort  to 
improve  tung  oil  production.  Each 
producing  district  is  assigned  specific 
experimental  work  in  planting  and  the 
process  of  extracting  oil  from  the  seeds. 
In  Wanhsien  district,  for  instance,  five 
experimental  plantations  are  established 
to  cultivate  tung  trees  with  new  methods. 
In  Yunyang  and  Peiling  districts  planters 
are  instructed  to  extract  oil  by  a  new  pro- 
cess which  will  substantially  reduce  the 
costs  and  improve  the  quality.  It  is  ex- 
pected these  improvements  will  lead  to 
larger  export  in  the  next  few  years. 
•  • 


CHINESE  EXCHANGE 

Hong  Kong 

Shanghai 

Nov.    14      35.55 

30.45 

Nov.    16        36.95 

30.40 

Nov.    18     36.35 

30.35 

Nov.    19    35.80 

30.35 

Nov.   20    35.85 

30.30 

Information      furnished 

through 

courtesy      of      Bank      of 

America, 

Oriental  Branch. 

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniliiiiiiiiiiiMii)iiiniMiiiiiiriiiMM ■  i-| iimiiiii niiiiiiiinmn 

Refreshments — 

The  Shangtai 

LUNCH   TWENTY-FIVE    CENTS 
DINNER    THIRTY-FIVE   CENTS 

Ice  Cream 
672  Jackson  St.        CHina  1215 


iiiiiiiiiimnn Mimiiniii illinium 


tomb  of  the  emperor  had  been  looted, 
his  body  cast  out  on  a  rubbish  heap  and 
his  dynasty  destroyed. 

Gone  was  the  might  and  power  of  the 
Ch'ins,  but  his  name  and  that  of  his 
dynasty  live  on,  and  wi'll  live  on  as  long 
as  China  is  known   to  the  world  of  men. 


Page   16 


CHINESE       DIC EST 


November   22,    1935 


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CHINESE    DIGEST 

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.  .   California   .  . 


Ming  Quong  Home 
Observes  Anniversary 

The   Ming   Quong  Home    in  Oakland 
celebrated   its  twenty  years'  of  service   to 
the    Chinese    people    in    a    two-day    pro- 
gram  on   November   9    and    10.    Friends, 
Chinese  and  American,    came  from   over 
the   United    States   to    participate    in   the 
celebration.       Prominent      among      them 
were  Miss  Katherine  Gladfelter,  Assistant 
Secretary    of    the    Presbyterian   Board    of 
National   Missions,   New   York  City;   Dr. 
Philip      F.      Payne,     Superintendent      of 
Oriental     work     on     the     Pacific     Coast, 
Presbyterian  Board  of  National  Missions, 
and   Dr.    Charles   R.    Shepherd,   Superin- 
tendent of  Chung  Mei  Home,  El  Cerrito. 
Chinese  girls  from  5  to  18  years  of  age, 
homeless  or  unable   to  live   at  home,   are 
provided    boarding    care    at    the    home. 
These    children  attend  the  Oakland  pub- 
lic  schools,    and    in   addition   receive    in-' 
struction  in  the  Chinese  language  and  eti- 
quette    from    resident    Chinese    teachers. 
When  the  girls  are  ready  for  self  support, 
the   home  endeavors  to   find  positions  for 
them  and    continues  to   supervise   them. 
Maintains   Cottages 
The    founding    of    the    home    resulted 
from  the  discovery  that  the  state  orphan- 
ages   were    reluctant    to     accept    Chinese 
children.      Most   Chinese   have    too   large 
families    of    their    own   to   wish   to   adopt 
additional   members   or   to    offer    a   foster 
home   for  these    girl  waifs.      The   Presby- 
terian Board  of  National  Missions  under- 
took   to     provide    for    these    unfortunate 
girls  in  conducting  the   program  at  Ming 
Quong. 

"We  seek  to  co-operate  with  all  mis- 
sionary and  social  agencies  working 
among  the  Chinese  people.  No  distinc- 
tion is  made  as  to  denomination  or  creed 
in  ministering  to  the  needs  of  these  under- 
privileged    few,"     said     Miss     Ethel     V. 


Higgins,   director   of   the   home    since    its 
founding. 

"Our  girls  are  guided  and  trained  ac- 
cording to  the  principles  and  teachings 
of  Christ  in  order  to  fit  them  for  future 
life  for  service  to  others,"  coninued  Miss 
Higgins. 

Graduates  from  the  home  include 
nurses,  doctors,  teachers,  and  women  in 
business  life,  working  both  among  the 
Chinese  in  America  and  the  Chinese  in 
their  own   homeland. 

Operated  for  Under-Privileged 
Founded  in  1915  as  a  separate  unit 
from  the  Chinese  Presbyterian  Home  in 
San  Francisco,  the  Ming  Quong  Home 
is  located  at  3671  McClellan  Street,  Oak- 
land. According  to  its  policy  the  home 
is  operated  for  orphans,  half-orphans, 
and  underprivileged  girls  from  two 
to  18  years.  Typical  of  all  such  institu- 
tions, attendance  at  Sunday  religious 
services  is  compulsory  for  all  its 
charges,  and  regular  instruction  in  the 
reading  and  writing  of  the  Chinese  lan- 
guage is  given.  For  their  American  edu- 
cation the  girls  attend  the  regular  public 
school   near  the   home. 

Management  of  the  home  is  in  the 
hands  of  eight  commissioned  resident 
workers,  two  volunteer  and  two  employed 
outside  workers.  Four  of  the  workers 
are   Chinese. 

The  home  takes  care  of  the  education, 
health,  and  domestic  and  religious 
training  of  an  average  of  70  girls  an- 
nually. Of  the  65  girls  boarded  there 
in  1934,  thirteen  were  full  orphans  with- 
out homes  or  relatives;  eight  were  half- 
orphans  whose  remaining  parents  could 
not  provide  for  them;  five  were  from 
homes  broken  by  legal  separation  of  par- 
ents; two  were  behavior  problem  children 
taken  care  of  at  parents'  requests;  two 
were  boarded  for  health  care;  one  was  an 
illegitimate     child;     one     an     abandoned 


SECRETS  OF  CHINATOWN 

(Continued  from  Page  14) 
with  many  Chinese  throughout  the  vari- 
ous Chinatowns  in  America,  as  he  has 
visited  practically  all  of  them  that  are 
worth  seeing — the  Chinatown  of  New 
York,  scenes  of  so  many  stories  by 
Achmed  Abdullah;  of  Boston,  where  the 
younger  Chinese  generation  is  so  taken 
up  with  aviation;  of  Chicago  and  New 
Orleans,  where  chop  suey  establishments 
abound  to  lure  the  tourists  with  a  taste 
for  Oriental  cooking,  and,  lastly,  the 
transplanted  "Little  China"  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, scene  of  many  romantic  stories  by- 
Charles  Caldwell  Dobie,  and  stories  of 
sleuthing  and  adventure  by  Lemual  de 
Bra   and   Hugh   Wiley. 

Knew  Chinese  Intimately 
And  Father  Martin  was  delighted  with 
all  these  places.  Stationed  for  several  years 
at    his    society's    headquarters,    he    made 
frequent  visits  to  New  York's  Chinatown 
and  thus  come   to  know   many  of  its    in- 
habitants intimately  and  taken  into  their 
confidences.      Transferred   to    San    Fran- 
cisco  several   years   later   it   did    not   take 
him   much  time  to   acquaint  himself  with 
the    young    and    old    of    this    community, 
from  the   tiny  tots  sitting  on  their  door- 
steps   who    stare    at    him    curiously    as    he 
passes     by,     to    the     old    and    venerable 
merchants   to   whom    he   would   exchange 
many     kowtows     and    engage    in     "small 
talks."     Frequently  he   would  ask  several 
of    his    young    Chinese    friends    to    dine 
with    him    in    a    Chinese    restaurant,    and 
always  he   would    order   his   favorite    dish 
— moo   goo   gai    pan. 

It  was  thus  that  "Secrets  of  Chinatown" 
came  to  be  written.  It  does  not  aim  to  be 
profound,  for  it  covers  no  specific  sub- 
ject. It  does  not  delve  into  the  history 
of  the  Chinese  in  America,  nor  does  it 
tell  one  how  the  Chinese  earn  their  daily 
bread.  The  booklet  merely  aims  to  give 
the  interested  reader  some  preliminary 
pointers  necessary  for  an  understanding 
of  these  Orientals,  and  manages  to  give 
one  a  bowing  acquaintance  with  them. 
And  it  has  done  this  admirably  and  sym- 
pathetically and  with  full  understanding 
of  the  Confucian  saying  that,  "Within 
the   four  seas,    all   are  brethren." 

The  cost  of  this  booklet  is  only  five 
cents,  and  may  be  obtained  directly  from 
the  Catholic  Foreign  Mission  Society  of 
America    at   Marvknoll,   New   York. 

waif;     and    one    was    there    becnuse    her 
mother  was  employed  away  from   home. 

Of  its  financial  support,  60  per  cent 
comes  from  the  Board  of  National  Mis- 
sions of  the  Presbyterian  Church  31  per 
cent  from  the  state,  country,  and  soci.il 
welfare  agencies,  and  only  ■  sennt  0  per 
cent   is  contributed  by    the  Chinese. 


DIGEST 


^   «e\VS  ►   SPORTS  -  SOCIAL  -    COMMENT 


O^  WEEKLY  PttftUCftTlOW     -     -     -     -      SfrM   gatWClSCO.CfrUf  OftWftc) 


Vol.    1,  No.  3 


November  29,  1935 


Five  Cents 


flj  M  "NEW  STATE"  IN  NORTH  CHINA 


By  Tsu  Pan 

Last  week  the  world  was  amazed  by  the  report  that 
Japan  had  threatened  to  establish  an  autonomous  state 
in  the  five  provinces  of  North  China. 

It  was  equally  amazing  that  the  plan  was  suddenly 

halted   when  three   Chinese  military  leaders  allegedly 

involved  in   the  plan  finally  excused  themselves  from 

the  important  occasion  of  the  declaration  of  autonomy. 

Orders  Chinese  Generals 

A  few  days  ago,  Maj.  Gen.  Kenjo  Doihara,  Jap- 
anese chief  of  military  intelligence  in  North  China, 
told  the  Chinese  generals,  it  was  reported,  to  form  the 
separatist  state,  or  else,  his  eleven  divisions  of  troops 
outside  of  the  Great  Wall  would  take  drastic  action. 
Discussion  had  entered  the  final  stage  and  Nov.  20  was 
set  to  be  the  date  for  the  autonomous  proclamation. 

At  the  appointed  moment,  however,  General 
Doihara  found  that  the  three  most  important  Chinese 
generals  did  not  appear. 

Generals  Send  Regrets 


eral  Doihara  and  North  China  military  leaders,  Akiri 
Ariyoshi,  Japanese  Ambassador  to  China,  also  entered 
into  conversation  with  General  Chiang  Kai-shek. 
Chiang  is  said  to  have  told  Ariyoshi  'in  the  event  of 
unexpected  developments  the  central  government  would 
take  appropriate  measures,'  according  to  a  Shanghai 
dispatch.  It  was  intimated  that  the  League  of  Nations 
had  set  an  inviolable  precedent  of  sanction  in  the 
Ethiopian  crisis,  and  both  China  and  Japan  believed 
that  the  League  could  not  once  again,  as  it  did  in  the 
case  of  Manchuria,  ignore  any  possible  war  in  North 
China. 

Japanese  General  Not  Authorized 

In  the  meantime,  a  Peiping  dispatch  stated  that 
the  Chinese  government  had  been  informed  by  the 
Japanese  government  that  its  military  officers  had  been 
told  to  abstain  from  Chinese  politics,  and  that  General 
Doihara  was  not   authorized   to   speak   for  Japan.     It 


seemed  to  some  observers  at  this  juncture  that  Tokio 
General  Sung  Cheh-yuan,  commander  of  the  had  realized  fhat  vigorous  separatist  movement  is  in- 
Tientsin  Peiping  garrison  and  supposedly  chief  desig-  advisabIe>  because  of  the  international  complication, 
nate  of  the  new  state,  had  been  called  to  the  bedside  However>  the  military  faction  in  Nortll  China>  was  not 
of  his  sick  mother.  General  Shangh  Chen,  Governor  convinced  of  this  situation>  ancl  tbe  plan  of  a  pro- 
of Hopei,  had  contracted  a  galloping  cold.  And  Gen-  japanese  new  state  in  North  Cnina  was  not  abandoned 
eral  Han  Fu-Chu,  Governor  of  Shantung,  had  been  {n  spke  q{  fhe  temporary  deiav. 
detained  by  important  business  in  the  capital  of  his 
own  province. 

Party  Called  Off 

The  regrets  from  these  ingratious   guests  irritated 

host  Doihara  and  the  party  was  reluctantly  called  off. 

What  had  caused  the  sudden  change  in  the  situation 

was  not  known.     General  Hsiao  Chen-ying,  Governor 


New  Anti-Communist  State 

While  the  plan  of  a  new  state  of  five  provinces  in 
North  China  was  frustrated,  General  Doihara's  idea 
achieved  materialization  in  the  form  of  an  autonomous 
state  of  smaller  proportions.  On  November  24,  Ying 
Yu-keng,  commissioner  of  political  affairs  in  the  North 


of   Chahar,   was   quoted  as  saying  that  the   delay  was      China  demilitarized  zone,  proclamed  the  establishment 

of  the  "East  Hopei  Anti-Communist  Autonomous 
Council."  In  Yin's  proclamation,  this  new  government 
would    control    twenty-five    districts  in  Hopei    province 


due  to  a  peremptory  order  from  General  Chiang  Kai- 
shek,  generalissimo  of  the  Chinese  army  and  the  real 
head  of  the  government. 

General  Tells  Ambassador 
While  negotiations  were  carried  on  between  Gen- 


which  were  demilitarized  under  the  Tangku  Agreement 
(Continued  on  Page  2) 


Page  2 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  29,   1935 


"NEW   STATE"  IN   NORTH   CHINA 

(Continued  from  Page  1) 
signed  in  1933  between  China  and  Jap- 
an. The  government  site  is  to  be  estab- 
lished at  Tungchow,  thirty  miles  from 
Peiping.  Yin  pledged  his  recognition  of 
the  sovereignty  of  Nanking,  but  would 
not  allow  it  to  interfere  in  its  local 
affairs. 

The  executive  control  is  to  be  vested 
in  a  committee  of  nine  of  which  Yin  is 
the  head.  The  "council"  would  take  over 
revenues  from  railways,  mines,  tele- 
graphs and  posts,  and  a  special  court 
would  be  set  up  to  try  civil  and  criminal 
cases  within  its  jurisdiction.  The  govern- 
ment will  have  administrative  educa- 
tion, industry,  and  secretariat  depart- 
ments. Yin  will  personally  supervise 
foreign  and  military   affairs. 

The  reason  that  prompted  this  new 
regime,  according  to  Yin  is  to  fight  the 
communist  menace,  and  to  oppose  Nan- 
king government's  monetary  policy.  Yin 
assailed  the  Kuomintang  and  declared 
that  cooperation  of  North  China,  Japan, 
and  "Manchukuo"  is  essential  to  the 
well-being   of    northern    people. 

A  storm  of  protests  sprang  up  after 
Yin  announced  the  inauguration  of  his 
new  government.  Educational  leaders  in 
Peiping  issued  a  strong  manifesto  char- 
ging Yin  as  the  nation's  thief.  It  urged 
the  central  government  to  use  the 
energies  of  the  entire  nation  to  maintain 
the  territorial  and  administrative  inte- 
grity of  China.  This  document  was 
signed  by  Dr.  Hu  Shih,  China's  fore- 
most thinker,  and  by  the  presidents  of 
Yenching  and  Tsinghua  Universities. 
Others  asserted  that  the  whole  autonomy 
plan  is  a  plot  instigated  by  Japanese 
agents  in  the  employ  of  Japanese  ex- 
pansionists. 

Some  Chinese  observers  saw  the 
scheme  of  putting  in  the  hands  of  the 
Japanese  government,  a  new  pro-Jap- 
anese state  in  North  China  whether 
Japan  likes  it  or  not.  If  China  uses 
military  force  to  oppose  the  rebels,  Jap- 
an shall,  under  the  Tanku  Agreement, 
be  obliged  to  use  similar  means  to 
combat  them.  Other  observers  thought 
the  measure  was  intended  to  bring  pres- 
sure on  the  Nanking  government  so  that 
a  positive  pro-Japanese  attitude  will  be 
adopted. 

While  Yin  was  expounding  his  theory 
of  a  new  state  at  Tungchow,  his  follow- 
ers in  Tientsin  wrought  havoc  to  the 
populace.  Armed  with  wooden  clubs,  the 
self-styled  autonomous  army  seized  sev- 
eral public  offices  of  the  Tientsin  muni- 
ciple  government.  Hand  bills  ere  passed 
urging    people    to    join    the    autonomous 


movement.  Finally  the  local  police  over- 
powered them  and  chased  them  outside 
of   the  Tientsin  native  city. 

Looting  and  Rioting 

The  dispatch  said  that  the  mob  started 
from  the  Japanese  section  of  the  city 
and  was  led  by  a  Japanese.  Another  re- 
port added  that  they  marched  to  the 
Japanese  Consulate  for  payment  of  their 
service.  Upon  refusal,  they  began  loot- 
ing and  rioting. 

Yin  Dismissed 

In  Nanking,  General  Chiang  Kai-shek 
did  not  hesitate  to  show  his  hand  in 
facing  the  threat.  Yin  was  immediately 
dismissed  from  his  post  commissioned 
by  the  Nanking  government  and  was 
wanted  for  punishment. 

"An  insane  man,"  General  Chiang 
called  Yin. 

General  Sung  Cheh-yuan,  being  ru- 
mored as  the  would-be  chief  of  the  five 
province  state,  was  appointed  by  Chiang 
as  the  "pacification  commissioner  for 
the  provinces  of  hopei  and  Charhar." 
This  is  interpreted  to  be  the  strategy  by 
which  Chiang  sought  to  get  Sung  into 
his   alignment. 

Yin  Flees 

Under  the  terms  of  the  Tangku 
Agreement,  China  is  prohibited  from 
sending  troops  into  the  demilitarized 
area,  henceforth  Yin  is  beyond  the  reach 
of  General  Chiang's  power.  However  a 
late  report  from  Tungchow  stated  that 
Yin  had  already  fled  to  the  northern 
part  of  the  demilitarized  zone  in  the 
fear  that  the  Nanking  army  may  force- 
fully enter  that  area  to  arrest  him.  Thus 
the  latest  autonomous  government  in 
Tungchow   had   apparently    collapsed. 

•  • 

C.  N.  A.  C.  TO  OPEN  CHENGTU- 
TIBET  AIRLINE 

An  American  firm  recently  received 
an  order  by  the  C.  N.  A.  C.  for  new 
planes  in  preparation  for  the  inaugura- 
tion of  the  proposed  new  line  between 
Szechwan   and   Tibet,    is  reported. 

As  the  topography  of  the  proposed 
route  is  mountainous  and  the  climate  in 
the  plateaus  abnormal,  the  first  step  will 
be  to  open  the  service  between  Chengtu 
and  Yaan,  according  to  the  plan  of  the 
C.  N.  A.  C.  If  first  trials  prove  satis- 
factory, the  line  will  be  extended  to  Lu- 
ting, and   then  to   Kangting  and   Patang. 

After  the  service  between  Chengtu 
and  Kangting  has  been  successfully 
established,  the  line  will  then  be  ex- 
tended from  Patang,  on  the  Szechwan 
border,  to  Lhassa  via  Chengtu,  thus 
completing  the  Chengtu-Lhassa  line,  the 
plan   reveals. 


Harvard  Acclaims 
Chinese  High  I.  Q. 

According  to  a  Harvard  University 
psychologist's  report,  Chinese  film  play- 
ers have  a  high  and  remarkable  I.Q. 
Keye  Luke,  who  plays  in  the  Charlie 
Chan  mystery  stories,  is  a  highbrow  juve- 
nile who  reads  Chaucer  and  has  draw- 
ings in  the  British  Museum  on  exhibit- 
Soo  Young,  acting  wth  Mae  West,  is  a 
Columbia  graduate,  a  philosophy  student 
and  the  rigisseuse  in  Mei  Lan  Fang's  per- 
formance. Anna  May  Wong  has  been 
acting  in  Europe  in  French,  German, 
and  English  and  in  the  burry  dialect  of 
Lauder. 

•  • 

Roos    Brothers 
Support    Digest 


November  22,  1935 

Mr.  Thomas  Chinn,  Editor, 
Chinese   Digest, 
863  Washington  Sl, 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Dear  Mr.  Chinn: 

The  writer  has  before  him  the 
first  issue  of  your  publication  the 
Chinese  Digest,  and  wants  to  take 
this  opportunity  of  congratulating 
you  upon  the  birth  of  such  a 
worthy  publication. 

We  feel  that  your  publication 
will  fill  a  long  felt  want,  as  it 
gives  ourselves  and  others  in  the 
business  world,  an  opportunity  to 
convey  our  message  in  the 'English 
language,  to  our  many  friends  in 
the    Chinese    section    of    our    city. 

We  have  instructed  Mr.  Harry 
Mew,  the  manager  of  our  Chinese 
department,  to  use  your  publica- 
tion as  much  as  he  possibly  can, 
and  we  wish  you  every  success  in 
this  most  laudable  undertaking. 
Sincerely    yours, 

ROOS  BROS.  INC. 

(Signed,)    N.  L.  Bourgeault, 

Manager. 


NORTHWEST   FAIR  HELD 

To  give  the  coastal  populace  a  chance 
to  acquaint  themselves  with  the  abun- 
dant naturel  resources  of  the  Northwest, 
its  geographical,  geological  and  topo- 
graphical characteristics,  an  itinerant  ex- 
hibition of  the  cultural  traits  and  lead- 
ing products  of  that  vast  borderland  of 
China  will  be  held  in  Nanking  this 
month. 


November  29,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  3 


Feast  of  the  Dragon 

Nightly  rehearsals  are  taking  place  in 
preparation  for  a  play  to  be  given  by 
the  St.  Mary's  Footlite  Club,  at  the  Cath- 
olic Chinese  Social  Center  on  Sunday 
evening,  December  8. 

"Feast  of  the  Dragon"  is  the  name  of 
the  Chinese  play,  to  be  given  in  English. 
It  purports  to  be  a  fairy  tale  of  queens 
and  princesses  who  struggle  for  earthly 
powers,  but  who  were  caught  in  a  web  of 
their  own  making.  In  the  cast  are  more 
than  twenty  enthusiastic  and  hard-work- 
ing  boys  and   girls   of   the   Footlite  Club. 

Prominent  members  of  the  cast  will  in- 
clude the  Yee  sisters  and  Miss  Poon — 
three  talented  girls  who  drew  much  ad- 
miration when  they  took  part  not  long 
ago  in  the  San  Francisco  Century  of 
Commerce  Chinatown  program  —  Miss 
Virginia  Yew,  and  Miss  Rosemary  Tang. 

Miss  Edith  Chan  is  the  director  of 
this  dramatic  troupe.  She  stated  that 
the  proceeds  from  this  coming  play  will 
go  toward  the  Chinese  Catholic  Center's 
Christmas  charity  funds.  Tickets  for  the 
play  are  25  cents  each,  and  may  be  ob- 
tained by  calling  or  telephoning  the 
Center. 

•  • 

WINTER   ACTIVITIES  AT 
THE  Y.  W.  C.  A. 

Now  that  the  days  are  getting  shorter 
and  the  hint  of  winter  is  in  the  air,  play- 
ing out-of-doors  is  not  so  pleasant  as  it 
was  during  the  summer  and  early  au- 
tumn. For  this  reason,  the  Y.  W.  C.  A. 
is  inviting  the  children  of  the  community 
to  come  to  its  building  at  965  Clay  St. 
any  weekday  afternoon  between  2:30  and 
5:30.  There's  fun  in  store  for  them  in 
the  form  of  games  and  story-telling  for 
the  very  little  boys  and  girls;  story-act- 
ing, sewing,  games,  and  handicraft  for 
the  older  ones. 

There  is  no  charge,  and  it  is  not  nec- 
essary to  be  a  member  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A. 

•  • 

Y.  W.  C.  A.  RECOGNITION  SERVICE 
Almost  any  Friday  evening  now  you 
will  hear  little  bursts  of  music  from  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  The  three  Girl 
Reserve  clubs  are  diligently  rehearsing 
the  songs  which  will  be  their  contribu- 
tion to  the  city-wide  Recognition  Service 
which  will  be  held  Sunday,  December  15, 
in  the  Garden  Room  of  the  Residence 
Club,  940  Powell  Street. 

Girl  Reserves  are  the  teen  age  mem- 
bers of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  ,  and  the  annual 
Recognition  Service  is  their  way  of  wel- 
coming formally  into  their  club  groups 
the  girls  who  have  joined  throughout 
the  year. 


Chinese  Art   Exhibit 

For  the  first  time  in  the  history  of 
local  art,  Chinatown  will  be  represented 
in  San  Francisco  by  a  special  exhibit  of 
local  talents.  This  display  will  include  oil, 
pen  and  ink,  and  sketches  of  both  the 
modern  and  the  traditional  schools.  The 
exhibit  will  be  held  at  the  De  Young 
Museum  from  December  10  to  January 
9.  On  the  twenty-second  of  December  a 
special  talk  will  be  given  by  principal 
Hong,  a  collector  of  note  of  the  Nam 
Kue  Academy. 

The  exhibitors  include:  Miss  Stella 
Wong,  Mrs.  Eva  F.  Chan,  S.  C.  Lee, 
Wahso  Chan,  Longsum  Chan,  Suey  B. 
Wong,  David  Chun;  Hon  Chew  Hee, 
H.  W.  Key,  Sui  Chan,  Hu  Gee  Sun,  Lin 
Sum,  and  Dr.   Lau  Chun  Lum. 


WHEN  YOU    BUY 
DAIRY    PRODUCTS 


You  can  feel  the  texture  of  cloth; 
you  can  weigh  a  measure  of  grain; 
but  you  cannot  test  the  purity  and 
wholesomeness  of  dairy  products 
with  any  of  the  senses.  That  is  why 
the  name  of  California's  leading 
dairy  products  company  —  Golden 
State  —  means  so  much  on  milk, 
butter,  ice  cream  and  other  dairy 
foods.  It  is  a  name  which  stands 
for  quality,  for  integrity  in  every 
product  bearing  this  famous  name. 
You  can  always  depend  upon 
Golden  State  brand  for  highest 
quality. 

GOLDEN     STATE 

DAIRY  PRODUCTS 

Henry  Lum,    Chinese   Representative 

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Sacramento  -  Palo  Alto  -  San  Jose  - 

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LAWRENCE  MAH 

Insurance 

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Y.  M.  C.  A.  CAMPAIGN 
EXTENDED 

Although  more  than  100  new  mem- 
bers had  been  signed  up  and  almost 
#1300  subscribed,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  an- 
nual membership  campaign,  originally 
scheduled  to  end  on  November  22,  was 
extended  to  November  27,  because  the 
quota  had  not  been  reached.  T.  Y.  Tang, 
executive  secretaray  of  the  "Y,"  declared 
that  six  teams  were  working  enthusiastic- 
ally and  that  the  quota  would  be  filled 
by  November  27.  Two  of  the  teams  have 
already  reached  their  quota,  it  was 
learVied.  These  two  teams  were  cap- 
tained by  Ng  Doon  Foon  and  B.  S.  Fong. 
•  • 

Oakland    Center 
Benefit  Dance 

While  "Big  Game"  celebration  dances 
were  going  on  in  more  places  than  one 
among  the  Chinese  in  San  Francisco  on 
the  evening  of  November  23,  the  recent- 
ly organized  Oakland  Chinese  Center 
also  conducted  a  dance  and  social  in  its 
respective  community,  at  which  more 
than  600  people  attended.  The  affair  was 
held  at  the  Danish  Hall,  164  Eleventh 
Street,  and  the  program  consisted  of  mo- 
tion pictures  (for  the  benefit  of  young- 
sters), bridge,  mah  jong,  and  dancing. 
More  than  40  gate  prizes  were  awarded 
to  holders  of  lucky  numbers,  and  the 
affair  was  considered  a  complete  success 
by  the  committees  in  charge  of  the  pro- 
gram. 

Sportsmanship  Here! 
Cards  -  Bears  Dine 

For  the  first  time  in  "Big  Game"  his- 
tory the  Stanford  Chinese  Students'  Club, 
led  by  Won  Loy  Chan,  president,  spon- 
sored a  benefit  dance  on  the  evening  of 
the  Big  Game  at  Trianon  Hall  in  San 
Francisco.  Alumni  members  and  stu- 
dents of  both  universities,  together  with 
their  friends,  met  and  enjoyed  an  even- 
ing of  social  games  and  entertainment, 
which  served  to  renew  pleasant  memories 
of  old  college  days. 

Before  the  game  all  California  stu- 
dents and  Alumni  members  were  invited 
to  a  buffet  luncheon  at  the  Stanford 
Chinese  Students   club   house. 

MARY  CHIN  ENTERTAINS 

Mary  Chin,  who  works  for  the  365 
Club,  was  hostess  at  a  party  at  her  home, 
60  John  Street,  last  Sunday  night.  Many 
of  her  friends  attended.  The  occasion 
marked  a  birthday  anniversary. 


Page  4 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  29,   1935 


CHINATOWNIA 


CATHAY  POST  ENTERTAINS 

The  Cathay  Post  and  Auxiliary  enter- 
tained the  Twin  Peaks  Post  and  Auxil- 
iary last  Monday  in  a  membership  drive 
sponsored  by  the  visiting  chapter.  Nearly 
two  hundred  visitors  were  taken  through 
Chinatown  on  a  special  sightseeing  trip 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Chinese  Trade 
and  Travel  Association,  with  Mr.  Ernest 
Lum  and  Ben  Wan  giving  lectures  on 
Chinese  religion  and  philosophy.  This 
was  followed  by  a  trip  to  the  Chinese 
theater,  where  members  of  the  Cathay 
Post  attempted  to  explain  the  mysteries 
of  the  age  old  drama  of  sword  fights  and 
gestures.  Speeches  were  made  by  Com- 
mander Cunningham  of  the  visiting 
post,  Commander  Jean  K.  Wong,  who 
planned  the  occasion,  and  Mrs.  Grace 
Lee  of  the  Cathay  Auxiliary. 

•  • 
SMITH  TO  ADDRESS 
FELLOWSHIP  MEETING 

Alden  Smith,  former  president  of  the 
Associated  Students  of  the  University  of 
California,  who  recently  returned  from 
a  tour  in  Europe,  will  speak  to  the  Chi- 
nese Union  Fellowship  meeting  Sunday 
evening,  Dec.  1,  at  the  Chinese  Baptist 
Church.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  delegate  to  the 
International  Students  Convention  at 
Geneva,  Switzerland,  and  a  member  of 
the  Oxford  Group  Movement  that  tra- 
veled thru-out  the  Continent.  A  supper 
will  be  held  at  six  o'clock  preceding  his 
talk.  Special  musical  numbers  will  be 
offered   for  the  evening's  program. 

•  • 
BERGERS  HAS  CHINESE 
REPRESENTATIVE 

Mr.  Tong  Five,  former  sales  repre- 
sentative of  Hastings,  is  now  with 
Bergers,  well-known  clothiers  of  this  city. 
Mr.  Tong,  best  known  as  the  former  art 
expert  of  Sing  Fat  Company,  is  now  de- 
voting his  time  to  introducing  the  latest 
in  men's  wear  to  Chinatown.  "This  win- 
ter's clothes  will  be  sober  in  color  but 
will  have  a  snap  faintly  suggestive  of 
the  military.  Berger's  Fashion  Park 
clothes  are  especially  suited  to  Chinese 
build,  giving  a  taller  and  more  slender 
athletic  effect  to  sturdy  bodies,"  said  Mr. 
Tong    Five    with   his    characteristic    smile. 

Dead  persons  may  be  sent  through 
the  mails  in  the  near  future.  The  popu- 
lation of  Canton,  capital  of  Kwangtung 
province,  China,  was  recently  granted 
the  unusual  privilege  of  sending  bones 
of  the  dead  by  parcel  post. 


Richmond  Elks  Hold 
Chinese  Night 

Richmond,  Calif.  Nov.  19,  1935—  A 
concert  by  the  Cathay  band,  an  instru- 
mental trio  from  St.  Mary's  Catholic 
Chinese  Center,  and  a  solo  by  a  pretty 
Chinese  maid,  singing  popular  American 
songs,  together  with  an  address  by  Victor 
Kwong  of  the  Chinese  Consulate  Gen- 
eral's office  were  features  at  the  Rich- 
mond Lodge,  B.  P.  O.  E.  on  the  evening 
of  Nov.  19. 

The  program  opened  with  an  intro- 
duction of  the  Cathay  Band  by  Mr.  A. 
C.  Lang,  acting  master  of  ceremonies, 
who  also  spoke  briefly  upon  China  and 
her  problems  at  the  present  time. 

Following  the  opening  march  and 
overture,  Miss  Frances  Chun,  prettily 
attired  in  a  Chinese  gown,  sang  two  pop- 
ular songs,  accompanied  by  David  Sum 
at  the  piano.  Then  came  the  Misses 
Catherine  Chu,  Anna  Chu,  and  Helen 
Jow  in  an  instrumental  trio  of  two  Chi- 
nese zithers  and  a  Chinese  viola  (Woo 
Kum).  The  trio  was  prettily  clad  in 
Chinese  silken  gowns  and  furnished  a 
real  Chinese  atmosphere  for  the  occa 
sion. 

Mr.  Kwong  delivered  a  highly  enlight- 
ening talk  on  China,  on  her  past,  her 
present  and  her  future  policies  in  inter- 
national affairs.  He  spoke  of  China's 
impassiveness  in  her  recent  crisis  and  the 
causes,  and  of  its  plans  for  drastic  re- 
form in  the  near  future.  He  also  drew  a 
picture  of  modern  transportation  which 
would  bring  the  Orient  to  America  with- 
in a  period  of  four  days  by  transpacific 
airplanes.  He  believed  this  would  streng- 
then the  bond  of  friendship  existing  be- 
tween America  and  the  Republic  in  the 
Far  East.  The  program  concluded  with  a 
finale   by  the  Cathay  band. 


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STUDENTS  ORGANIZE 

A  group  of  Chinese  students  from 
Stanford  University,  San  Jose  State 
College,  and  San  Mateo  Junior  College 
assembled  last  week  in  the  Stanford  Chi- 
nese Students'  Club  house  and  formed 
the  Peninsula  Chinese  Students'  Christ- 
ian Association.  The  purpose  of  the  asso- 
ciation is  to  unite  the  Chinese  students 
and  young  people  of  the  peninsula  to 
further  the  cultural  relationship  between 
Americans  and  Chinese;  and  to  coop- 
erate with  the  C.  S.  C.  A.  in  North  Am- 
erica  in  propagating  its  activities. 

The  officers  are  Chairman  Charles 
Chao,  Vice  Chairman  James  Yee,  Secre- 
tary and  Treasurer  Dorothy  Fong,  and 
Editor  Will  Lee. 

The  first  social  gathering  of  the 
Association  will  be  a  weenie  roast  on 
Nov.  29  at  9  P.  M.  at  Johnson  Chan's 
ranch  in  Redwood  City.  Frances  Jung  is 
the  chairman  of  the  committee  in  charge 
of  the   affair. 

All  Chinese  are  invited  to  attend.  The 
proceeds  will  go  toward  a  fund  for  send- 
ing a  C.  S.  C.  A.  -  W.  D.  representative 
to    the     Students'    Volunteer    Movement. 

•  • 

BUSY  DANCER 

Paul  Jew,  well-known  tap  dancer  from 
Palo  Alto,  is  "doing  his  stuff"  at  Los 
Angeles  on  the  stage.  He  expects  to  tour 
the  eastern  states   and  Canada  shortly. 

•  • 

WAH  YING   ELECTS  OFFICERS 

Results  of  the  Wah  Ying  Club  election 
were  announced  recently,  with  the  foll- 
owing results:  President,  Andrew  Sue; 
Secretary,  Fred  Chin;  Treasurer,  Arthur 
Hee;  Social  Chairman,  Herbert  Lee; 
Financial  Chairman,  Samuel  Choy;  Pro- 
motion Manager.  Daniel  Yee;  and 
House  Manager.  Harry  Tong. 

•  • 

DAUGHTER   BORN 

A  daughter  was  born  to  the  wife  of 
Pun  Wing  Quan.  825  Sacramento  St  . 
on  Nov.   13. 

•  • 
SON  BORN 

A  son  was  born  to  the  wife  of 
Harry  Joe  Chuck,  1123  Stockton  St., 
on  Nov.   15. 

•  • 

The  stork  paid  the  Choys  a  visit  on 
November  15  .ind  left  with  the  mother. 
Mrs.  Robert  Choy,  a  baby  boy.  Both 
baby  and  mother  are  doing  well. 


November  29,  1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  5 


CHINATOWNI 


SONS   OF   AH    LOUIE    VISIT   CITY 

Howard  "Toby"  and  George  "Prince," 
sons  of  Ah  Louis,  who  conducts  an 
Oriental  art  store  in  San  Luis  Obispo, 
visited    San    Francisco    for   several    days. 

"Prince"  was  with  the  Roger  Wolfe 
Kahn  Orchestra  of  New  York,  playing 
an  electric  steel  guitar,  and  is  also  an 
artist  of  Brunswick  and  Victor  record 
fame.  He  has  played  at  New  York's 
Radio  City,  Rainbow  Room,  and  the 
Miami  Biltmore  Country  Club  at  Coral 
Gables,  Florida. 

George  drove  out  from  New  York 
City  with  his  wife,  and  picked  up  his 
brother  "Toby,"  well-known  athlete,  at 
San  Luis  Obispo  for  a  brief  visit  in  our 
fair  city.  Ah  Louis,  and  his  four  sons 
(the  other  two  are  Walter  and  Fred)  are 
well-known  in  San  Francisco. 

Scout    Troops   Are 
Friendly   Rivals 

A  strong  and  vigorous  spirit  of 
friendly  rivalry  exists  between  the 
community's  two  Boy  Scout  organi- 
zations, Troops  3  and  34.  Recently  these 
troops  were  very  much  in  the  limelight 
due  to  civic  activities  in  which  China- 
town plays  an  important  part.  Some  of 
the  activities  recalled  are  the  celebration 
of  the  "double  ten" —  China's  national 
independence  day,  the  goodwill  tour  of 
a  delegation  of  Scouts  from  China,  the 
Century  of  Commerce  fete,  and,  more 
recently,  the  send-off  accorded  the  China 
Clipper  on  November  22  when  the  Pan- 
American  Airways  inaugurated  its  San 
Francisco-Manila   line. 

On  each  and  every  occasion  both 
troops  marshalled  all  its  man-power  and 
tried  to  out-do  each  other  in  making  a 
good  showing.  Troop  Three  envied 
Troop  34  because  the  latter  has  a  larger 
troop,  and  Troop  34  envied  the  former 
because  they  knew  more  about  scouting, 
being  an  older  organization. 

Chingwah  Lee,  whose  good  work 
among  Chinatown's  boys  is  well-known, 
is  Scoutmaster  of  Troop  3,  and  has  been 
shortly  after  the  troop's  inception  more 
than  twenty  years  ago.  His  troop  is  made 
up  predominantly  of  American-born 
youngsters. 

The  Scoutmaster  of  Troop  34  is 
Mr.  Frank  Drady,  who  learned  his 
scouting  more  than  a  decade  ago.  This 
troop  is  concurrently  a  member  organi- 
zation of  the  C.  Y.  O.  (Catholic  Youth 
Organization)  as  it  was  established  by 
the  Catholic  Chinese  Social  Center  two 
months  ago.  Harry  Gee  is  Assistant 
Scoutmaster  of  Troop  34,  which  at  pre- 
sent has  over  35  members.  About  half  of 
the  members  are  boys  born  in  China. 


Star   Dancer   Here 

On  a  dance  floor 

lights  are  dimmed, 

softened  by  colors  of  many   hues, 

an  orchestra  fills  the  air 

with  rhythmic  melodies 

Suddenly  she  appears, 

a  Chinese  girl, 

gowned  in  black, 

in  lovely  contrast 

to  her  fair  ivory  skin. 

She  is  poised 

for  a    moment, 

like  a  bird 

before  flight 

then,  as  if  lured 

by  the  irresistible  music, 

she  dances 

gracefully, 

lightly  she  pirouettes 

across  the  floor, 

lovely,  beautiful,  exotic 

under  the  magic  of  subdued  lights 

and  enchanting  music. 

As  her  dance  ends, 

tremendous  applause  greets  her. 

She  bows, 

smiling,  happy. 

Then  she  is  gone. 

Presenting  to  you  one  of  the  current 
sensations  of  cafe  entertainment,  Miss 
Jadin  Wong,  who  is  appearing  at  the 
New    Shanghai    Cafe    on    Grant   Avenue. 

Miss  Jadin  Wong,  nee  Ann  Wong, 
was  born  in  Marysville  twenty  years  ago, 
reared  and  educated  in  Stockton  grad- 
uating from  high  school  there.  Last  year 
she  went  on  the  stage,  singing  and  dan- 
cing her  way  to  fame  before  audiences  in 
Chicago,  Los  Angeles,  Portland,  Seattle, 
Vancouver,  and  San  Francisco.  She  was 
acclaimed  wherever  she  appeared. 

During  her  training  period  with  the 
Fanchon  and  Marco  school  she  was 
praised  by  Paul  Gerson  who  said  that 
she  was  one  of  the  greatest  potential 
stars  of  her  race  for  the  screen.  Miss 
Wong  is  leaving  early  in  December  for 
Los  Angeles,  where  she  hopes  to  repeat 
her  success   there. 


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This  column  is  conducted  for 
the  benefit  of  our  readers,  under 
which  they  may  submit  suggestions 
and  comments  on  any  and  all 
topics  pertaining  to  the  Chinese 
people  or  brought  forth  in  this 
newsmagazine. 

Contributions  must  be  accom- 
panied by  sender's  name  and  ad- 
dress. No   originals  returned. 


Dear  Editor: 

San  Francisco  once  had  a  popular 
slogan,    "Keep   Your   City  Clean." 

The  condition  of  the  streets  within 
Chinatown  is  deplorable.  Discarded  fur- 
niture, pieces  of  lumber,  and  other  un- 
mentionables, not  to  say  anything  about 
papers,  big  and  small,  are  not  infre- 
quently thrown  out  into  side  streets  and 
blind  alleys,  left  there  to  be  picked  up  by- 
some  needy  soul,  or  until  the  Chinatown 
squad  orders   them  removed. 

If  each  one  of  us,  who  understands 
the  importance  of  community  co-oper- 
ation, would  explain  to  our  family  and 
neighbors  the  necessity  of  clean  streets 
and  healthy  surroundings,  I  am  sure  we 
can  improve  the  appearance  of  China- 
town  considerably. 

The  city  is  doing  its  share  in  having 
the  streets  swept  at  regular  intervals. 
Why  don't  we  do  our  share  by  keeping 
it  clean? 

J.  Wong 
November   23. 

Welcomes    Digest 


November  18,  1935 
Chinese  Digest, 
Thomas  Chinn,  Editor, 
868  Washington  Street., 
San  Francisco,   California. 

Dear  Mr.  Chinn: 

The  Chinese  Chamber  of 
Commerce  wish  to  extend  hearty 
congratulations  on  the  issuance 
of  the  CHINESE  DIGEST. 

Without  a  doubt  the  paper 
serves  a  purpose  sorely  needed 
amongst   the   Chinese    in   America. 

It  is  with  great  pleasure,  there- 
fore, that  we  wholeheartedly 
endorse  your  publication,  and 
wish  it  every  success. 

Sincerely  yours, 

G.  B.  Lau,  President, 
Chinese    Chamber     of     Commerce. 


r^ 


Page  6 


CHINESE       DICEST 


November  29,    1935 


WINGS    TO     CHINA 


Story  of  the 
of  the  Pacific 


America  has  swung  into  action  an  air- 
way to  the  Orient — a  9,000-mile  aerial 
trtiilc  route  across  the  vast  Pacific  Ocean 
that  bids  fair  to  affect  the  course  of  world 
affairs  by  changing,  from  twenty-eight  days 
to  sixty  brief  flying  hours,  the  interval  be- 
tween the  Western  World  and  the  far-off 
Orient;  that  will  give  American  commerce 
a  high  road  to  the  billion-dollar  markets 
of  the  teeming  East,  and  make  neighbors 
of  peoples  half  the  world  apart. 

This  is  the  second  article  which  tells, 
for  the  first  time,  of  the  remarable  organi- 
zation and  planning  behind  this  ocean- 
bridgmg  airway:  of  its  pioneering;  the 
ships  and  men  that  arc  to  be  geared  to  the 
task,;  what  the  service  is  to  be,  and  some 
of  the  effects  of  this  new,  dynamic  link 
between  the   hemispheres. 


By  WILLIAM  VAN  DUSEN 

Early  in  October,  after  three  years  of 
carefully  guarded  construction  and  test- 
ing, the  first  of  the  great  Martin  flying- 
boats,  built  to  the  specifications  of  Col- 
onel Charles  A.  Lindbergh,  Pan-Ameri- 
can's Technical  Adviser,  and  their  engi- 
neers, and  designed  for  trans-ocean  serv- 
ice, was  trundled  out  of  her  great  han- 
gar at  the  Baltimore  plant  of  the  Glenn 
L.  Martin  Company  for  her  first  public 
preview.  To  be  named  the  "China  Clip- 
per," 

As  she  lay  moored,  awaiting  her  first 
passenger  flight  across  that  same  Chesa- 
peake Bay  from  which  the  first  "Yankee 
Clippers"  led  to  the  China  Seas  just  a 
century  before,  30  excited  passengers 
trooped  aboard.  A  crew  of  five  and  a 
group  of  the  airline's  officials  brought 
the  total  to  43.  Soon  Captain  Edwin 
Musick  had  lifted  the  ship  off  the  water 
for  an  hour's  flight  to  Washington  and 
return. 

Inside  the  ship's  three  cabins  and 
large  lounge  room  the  passengers  sat  in 
broad  arm  chairs  or  walked  curiously 
about,  trying  out  the  two  berths  set  up 
just  as  they  will  be  on  the  overnight 
flights  beween  Hawaii  and  San  Francisco, 
peering  up  into  the  control  compart- 
ment at  myriad  instruments,  testing  the 
Pullman-car  quiet  that  the  cabins  re- 
tained in  spite  of  the  roar  of  four  great 
800-horsepower  motors. 
Heritage  of  Historic  Clippers 

A  century  previously,  visitors  to  the 
first  of  the  Clipper  sailing  ships  must 
have  gotten  much  the  same  thrilling  im- 
pression of  extreme  beauty  of  construc- 
tion. They,  too,  must  have  clambered 
about  from  stem  to  stern,  unwilling  to 
miss   a  single   detail. 

For  these  suDer-modern  flying-boats 
and  the  sailing  ships  which  long  ago  won 


Development  of  the  Great  Aviation 
By  Aeroplane  and  the  Linking  of  China 

supremacy  for  our  commerce  on  seven 
seas,  have  a  great  deal  more  in  common 
than   the   mere   name  of  "Clipper." 

The  beauty  of  both  is  a  beauty  of  hull 
line  and  great  surfaces  designed  from 
airflow  principles.  The  function  of  both 
is  to  achieve  the  highest  speeds  over 
world-scale  distances  of  any  transport 
methods.  The  destiny  of  the  sailing  clip- 
pers was  to  give  American  industry  a  pre- 
eminent position  in  trade  with  the  Orient. 
The  flying  clippers  promise  no  less  an 
achievement. 
Revolutionary   Airplanes  Demanded 

Four  years  ago  Pan  American's  speci- 
fications for  such  flying-boats  as  the 
Martin  and  Sikorsky  Clippers  made  air- 
plane designers  gasp.  In  1931  no  flying- 
boat  had  ever  covered  the  2,400  miles  of 
ocean  between  California  and  Hawaii. 
Only  one  had  ever  come  near  it.  And 
it  had  drifted,  fuel  exhausted,  for  four 
days  before  making  land  on  one  of  the 
tiny  islands  of  the  group.  In  1931  land- 
planes  on  the  airlines  within  the  United 
States  cruised  at  speeds  of  from  120  to 
130  miles  an  hour. 

Yet  Pan  American  officials  announced 
that  the  ships  they  wanted  for  trans- 
oceanic service  must  be  able  to  carry 
enough  fuel  for  3,000  miles  even  against 
a  headwind,  and  in  addition  a  large 
enough  load  of  mail,  passengers  and  ex- 
press to  allow  reasonable  rates  to  yield 
enough    income    to    pay  expenses. 

More  startling   yet,   the    Pan   American 
specifications    called    for    cruising    speeds 
of    over     150     m.p.h.    and    absolute    sea- 
worthiness. 
"Couldn't  Be  Done" 

Five  out  of  six  airplane  manufactur- 
ers queried  on  the  project  of  building 
such  aircraft  called  the  task  impossible. 
But  Igor  Sikorsky,  who  had  been  build- 
ing larger  and  larger  planes  for  the 
company's  Latin-American  routes,  agreed 
to  tackle  a  19-ton  flying-boat  which 
would  be  of  immediate  use  in  the  Brazil- 
ian Division  and  fulfill  all  of  the  trans- 
oceanic conditions.  By  the  summer  of 
1932  he  had  accepted  a  contract  to  build 
three  such  ships  at  his  Bridgeport,  Con- 
necticut factory,  at  a  price  of  #1.000,- 
000.  Seven  more  have  been  ordered 
since. 

And  Glenn  Martin,  who  had  built 
scores  of  great  airplanes  for  the  United 
State*  undertook  to  build  three  25^- 
ton  ships  to  meet  all  the  company's  speci- 
cations  for  a  contract  price  of  #1,200,- 
000. 

Both  Sikorsky  and  Martin  knew  they 
had  taken   on  the   most  difficult   problems 


Project,  the  Crossing 
with  the  United  States 

they   had   faced  in    20   years'   experience. 

But  they  also  knew  they  would  have 
engines  more  powerful  per  unit  weight 
than  any  previous  flying-boat  designers 
had  had  available  and  more  efficient 
propellers.  And  many  of  the  materials 
they  would  use  were  stronger  and  lighter, 
too,  than  those  that  had  gone  into  earlier 
planes.  All  these  things  would  help. 
Intense   Research  Aided 

Long  exhaustive  wind  tunnel  tests 
were  carried  out  to  find  which  shapes 
and  dimensions  and  relationships  of  hull 
and  wing  and  controls  would  give  the 
proper  lifting  force  with  the  least  resist- 
ance to  forward  motion.  Other  models 
were  tested  in  water  channel  laboratories 
to  determine  the  best  bottom  hull  con- 
tours for  seaworthiness  and  ease  of  take- 
off. 

Specialists  in  structural  design  began 
countless  computations.  Experts  had  once 
been  convinced  that  large  airplanes 
were  characteristically  inefficient  load 
carriers,  that  the  larger  the  empty  weight 
of  a  plane  the  smaller  the  proportion  of 
that  weight  could  it  carry  in  fuel  and 
commercial  load.  Some  of  the  land 
planes  used  by  the  trans-oceanic  fliers 
of  the  late  twenties  had  carried  as  much 
useful  weight  as  they  had  weighed  them- 
selves. No  big  ship  could  ever  do  this, 
said  the  experts,  and  proved  it  by 
geometry. 

But  what  the  experts  had  overlooked 
was  the  possibility  of  turning  size  from  a 
liability  to  an  asset  through  making 
every  part  of  the  structure  carry  some 
part  of  the  load. 

A  small  plane,  for  example,  can  carry 
only  the  most  local  of  loads  in  its  fabric 
covering.  Designers  of  large  planes  were 
learning  to  make  the  covering  of  metal 
and  then  reinforce  that  metal  skin  to 
take  a  large  part  of  the  loads  that  form- 
erly required  heavy  spars  and  bracing 
tubes. 
Full   Scale  "Blue  Prints"  Made 

Martin  engineers  had  gone  a  long  w.iv 
towards  this  "efficiency  of  large  struc- 
tures" in  some  of  their  recent  designs  for 
Army  bombers.  Sikorsky  had  approach- 
ed it  in  some  of  his  medium-s-zed  bo.itv 
In  these  "Clippers"  both  designers  sim- 
ply had  to  achieve  the  triumph  of  keep- 
ing heir  structural  weight  to  half  the 
gross  load   the   plane   could    lift. 

At  both  factories,  too,  great  full-scale 
reproductions  were  made  of  the  c.ibin 
interiors.  Not  onlv  to  study  the  dic- 
tion of  control  cables,  wiring,  plumbing, 
structural  members  and  the  like,  but  also 
(Continued   on    Page   14) 


November  29,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  7 


HUNDRED     NAMES 


CHIANG  SPEAKS  ON  CHINA'S  NEW  FOREIGN  POLICY 


CHIANG  SPEAKS  ON  CHINA 

"Spiritual  regeneration  and  material 
reconstruction"  are  the  two  things  upon 
which  China  may  hope  to  strive  for 
independence  and  equality  among  na- 
tions, according  to  Chiang  Kai-shek, 
generalissimo  of  the  Chinese  army  and 
pillar  of  the  Chinese  National  Govern- 
ment in  a  speech  at  the  fifth  national 
congress  of  the  Kuomintang  recently 
held  at  Nanking.  The  success  or  failure 
of  China's  future,  he  added,  hinged  on 
the  balanced  progress  of  these  two  needs. 

On  the  question  of  foreign  relations, 
Chiang  was  quoted  as  saying: 

"There  is  no   perpetual   friendship  nor 
everlasting   enmity    among   nations." 
Statesmen  Must  Weigh  Needs 

Statesmen  in  forming  foreign  policy 
according  to  the  general,  must  therefore 
consider  the  interest  of  the  people  as  a 
whole  and  weigh  the  relative  urgency  as 
well  as  expediency  of  the  various  require- 
ments. Moreover,  a  nation  seeking  salva- 
tion must  apply  diligently  to  the  task 
and  do  its  utmost  to  help  its  nationals, 
he  added. 

"Revolutionary  process  is  still  going 
on  in  China  and  we  in  the  heat  of  the 
conflict  between  the  old  and  the  new 
order  of  things,  and  in  the  midst  of 
criticisms  and  obstacles,  must  not  forget 
the  fundamental  work  of  building  a 
strong  national  foundation. 

"We  must  also  learn  to  adjust  our- 
selves to  the  quickly  changing  condi- 
tions in  our  relations  with  other  nations 
and  act  speedily  as  occasion  may  re- 
quire. However,  the  object  of  our  ince- 
ssant striving  is  nothing  more  than  our 
existence  as  a  nation  and  coexistence 
with  other  countries  in  the  family  of 
nations. 

Should   Practice   Forbearance 

"Finally,"  General  Chiang  said,  "from 
the  three  points  mentioned  above  we 
may  draw  the  conclusion  that  if  inter- 
national developments  do  not  menace 
our  national  existence  or  block  the  way 
of  our  national  regeneration,  we  should 
in  view  of  the  interest  of  the  whole 
nation,  practice  forbearance  in  facing 
issues  not  of  fundamental  nature.  At 
the  same  time,  we  should  seek  harmon- 
ious international  relations  provided 
there  is  no  violation  to  our  sovereignty. 
We  should  seek  econmoic  cooperation 
based  upon  the  principal  of  equality  and 
reciprocity.  Otherwise,  we  should  abide 
by  the  decision  of  the  Party  and  of  the 
nation    to    reach    an    absolute    determin- 


GEN.  CHIANG  KAI-SHEK 


BRIEF   BIOGRAPHY   SKETCH 


Short,  interesting  biographical 
sketches  or  antecdotes  about  Chi- 
nese currently  in  the  eyes  of  the 
world  will  be  found  regularly 
under  the  above  heading  in  the 
Chinese  Digest 


General  Chiang-Kai-Shek,  Chairman  of 
the  National  Government,  Commander 
of  the  National  Military,  Naval,  and  air 
forces,  and  President  of  the  Executive 
Yuan,  was  born  in  1888  at  Feng-hwa, 
Chekiang  province. 

In  1907,  when  he  was  19  years  of  age, 
he  went  to  Japan  for  a  course  in  military 
science  at  the  Tokyo  Military  Academy. 
He  remained   in  Japan  for  four  years. 

When  the  first  revolution  broke  out  in 
1911,  Chiang  returned  to  China  and  was 
appointed  a  commander  in  the  83rd 
brigade  at  Shanghai.  His  forces  partici- 
pated in  the  capture  of  Shanghai  from 
the  Imperial  forces.  Although  only  a 
youth,  Chiang's  ability  as  a  military 
leader    was   recognized   on    this    occasion. 

In  1920  he  gave  up  military  activities 
and  became  an  exchange  broker  in 
Shanghai  for  a  few  months,  but  in  1923 
he  went  to  Canton  and  was  appointed 
principal  of  the  Whampoa  Cadet  School, 
where  he  won  his  first  outstanding  mili- 
tary distinction  in  connection  with  the 
suppression  of  the  revolt  of  the  Canton 
Volunteers.  Late  in  1924  he  command- 
ed  a   force   in    several   successful   expedi- 

ation.  As  far  as  I  am  concerned,  I  will 
not  evade  my  responsibility.  We  shall 
not  forsake  peace  until  there  is  no  hope 
for  peace.  We  shall  not  talk  lightly  of 
sacrifice  until  we  are  driven  to  the  last 
extremity  which  makes  sacrifice  inevi- 
table. 

Life  of  Nation,  Infinite 
"Sacrifice  of  an  individual  is  insigni- 
ficant but  sacrifice  of  a  nation  is  a 
mighty  thing,  for  the  life  of  an  indivi- 
dual is  finite  while  life  of  a  nation  is 
infinite.  Granted  a  limit  to  conditions 
for  peace  and  a  determination  to  make 
the  supreme  sacrifice  we  should  exert 
our  best  efforts  to  preserve  peace  with 
determination  to  make  the  final  sacrifice 
in  order  to  consolidate  and  regenerate 
our  nation.  This,  I  believe,  is  the  basic 
policy  of  our  Party  for  salvation  and 
upbuilding  of  our  nation." 
•  • 


tions  along  the  East  River.  Following 
this,  he  again  won  laurels  by  helping  to 
defeat  Kwangsi  and  Yunnanese  forces, 
which  had  rebelled  agains  Dr.  Sun  Yat- 
Sen. 

In  1925  he  stormed  and  captured  the 
supposedly  impregnable  fort  at  Weichow, 
and  then  cleaned  up  the  Swatow  and 
Chaochow  districts  of  rebels.  In  July, 
1926,  he  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  Northern  Expedition  to  the 
Yangtze  River,  an  expedition  which  was 
eminently  successful      in       advancing 

through  Hunan  province  and  ultimately 
capturing  Hankow,  which  was  then  con- 
trolled by  General  Wu  Pei-fu.  General 
political  genus  was  displayed  in  this  cam- 
paign through  his  utilization  of  the 
power  of  political  propaganda  in  win- 
ning the  masses  of  people  to  the  support 
of  the  Nationalist  Revolution  and  under- 
mining the  power  of  the  old  time  mili- 
tarists who  had  ruled  this  section  on  the 
basis    of    feudalistic    control    of    territory. 

Following  the  occupation  of  the  Wu- 
Han  district,  General  Chiang  directed  his 
attention  to  the  Lower  Yantze  district, 
which  was  held  by  another  Northern 
militarist,  Sun  Chuang-fang,  recently 
assassinated.  Sun's  forces  were  defeated 
in  Kiangsi  and  Fukien  and  finally  driven 
out  of  Chekiang.  In  1927,  his  Fengtien 
allies  were  also  defeated  and  Shanghai 
occupied. 

Shortly  afterwards,  Communists  insti- 
gated an  attack  on  foreign  consular  of- 
ficials and  missionaries.  General  Chiang 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  Nation- 
alist Government  must  divorce  itself 
from  the  Communists.  The  Soviet  Rus- 
sian advisors  were  denounced.  Steps  were 
taken  for  the  establishment  of  a  sepa- 
rate government  at  Nanking.  In  the 
summer  of  1927  he  retired  for  a  period, 
but  returned  and  was  called  to  the  direc- 
tion   of   affairs    at    Nanking. 

In  December,  1927,  General  Chiang 
was  married  to  Miss  Meiling  Soong, 
younger  sister  of  Madame  H.  H.  Kung, 
T.    V.  Soong  and   Madame   Sun   Yat-sen. 

In  1928  General  Chiang  was  elected 
Chairman  of  the  National  Government 
at  Nanking.  In  1929  and  1930  he  re- 
sumed active  command  of  Government 
troops  in  suppressing  rebel  troops  of 
Kwangsi,  headed  by  Yen  Hsi-shan  and 
Feng  Yu-hsiang  and  assisted  by  the  Left 
Wing  leader  of  the  Kuomintang,  Wang 
Ching-wei. 


IT*} 


■^ 


V 


Page  8 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  29,    1935 


EDITORIAL 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Published  weekly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San   Francisco,   California 

THOMAS  W.  CHINN,  Editor 

Per  year,  $2.00;    Per  copy,  5c 

Not    responsible     for    contributions 
unaccompanied    by    return    postage 

STAFF 

CHING    WAH   LEE   Associate   Editor 

WILLIAM   HOY   Associate   Editor 

FRED   GEORGE  WOO   Sports 

CLARA  CHAN  Fashions 

ETHEL    LUM     ■- Sociology 

ROBERT   G.    POON   __ Circulation 

GEORGE  CHOW  Advertising 


Airlines  in  China 

While  the  Pan-American  Airways  is  inaugurating 
the  epoch-making  9,000-mile  flight  from  San  Francisco 
to  Manila,  commercial  airlines  in  China  are  likewise 
making  plans  for  the  extension  of  two  skyways  now 
already   operating  in  the  country. 

In  North  China  the  Chinese  National  Aviation 
Corporation,  a  government  controlled  enterprise  sup- 
ervised by  the  Pan-American,  is  proposing  the  resump- 
tion of  regular  airplane  service  between  Shanghai  and 
Chengtu,  the  capital  of  Szechwan  Province,  far  to  the 
northwest.  Mail  and  passenger  service  between  Shang- 
hai and  Chungking,  the  latter  city  only  several  hun- 
dred miles  from  Chengtu,  has  been  in  operation  for 
several  years.  When  the  Shangtai-Chengtu  line  is 
resumed  it  will  not  be  long  before  extension  to  Lhassa, 
capital  of  Tibet,  will  be  considered.  When  that  has 
come  to  pass  the  immensity  of  the  country  will  not  seem 
so  formidable  to  those  whose  task  it  is  to  govern  it. 

In  Canton  the  Southwest  Aviation  Company  is 
contemplating  the  extension  of  its  present  Canton- 
Lungchow-Kwangsi  mail  and  passenger  line  to  Hanoi, 
capital  of  French  Indo-China.  Already  the  Kwangtung 
provincial  government  is  negotiating  with  Air  France 
regarding  this  service,  and  a  definite  decision  is  to  be 
reached  within  three  months.  Air  France  has  operated 
a  Hanoi-to-Paris  line  for  some  time. 

In  proposing  the  Canton-Lungchow-Hanoi  airline 
the  Kwangtung  authorities  may  meet  with  the  protest 
of  Japan  because  such  a  line  means  a  commercial  agree- 
ment between  China  and  a  foreign  country,  and  Japan 
has  not  been  given  the  same  opportunity  thus  far  to 
negotiate  any  agreement  whereby  she  may  open  a  Japan- 
China  service. 

Mass  Marriages 

From  Toi-Shan  also  comes  news  of  the  first 
mass  marriages  to  be  performed  in  that  district  when 
three  young  couples  were  united  in  wedlock  in  the  dis- 
trict government  assembly  hall,  witnessed  by  several 
officials  and  the  families  of  the  brides  and  grooms  and 
their  friends. 

Patterned  after  the  social  custom  now  being  prac- 
ticed in  Germany,  Italy,  and  Russia,  mass  marriages 
were  inaugurated  by  the  Chinese  National  Government 
some  months  ago  in  an  effort  to  do  away  with  the 
extravagant  expense  incidental  to  the  age-old  marriage 
customs  and  ceremonies  of  the  country.  It  was  also 
thought  that  this    change   in  social   custom  would   en- 


Underdogs  as  Scapegoats 

"A  lean  dog  shames  its  master'' — Chinese  proverb. 

The  Sunday  Oregonian,  a  very  representative  paper 
of  the  City  of  Portland  (Oregon),  broke  out  this  week 
with  a  full  page  article  depicting  lottery  as  a  perennial 
Chinese  racket,  too  skillfully  operated  ever  to  be  suc- 
cessfully suppressed  by  the  police  and  city  officials.  Let 
us  loog  at  the  facts. 

Oregon  was  once  populated  by  a  hardy  stock  of 
true  American  pioneers.  Side  by  side  with  them  were 
some  15,000  Chinese  who  contributed  much  to  the  build- 
ing of  the  state — logging,  operating  saw  mills,  farming, 
and  road  building.  There  were  no  conflicts  between 
the  two  groups  of  pioneers,  but  a  feeling  of  admiration 
for  each  other  existed. 

At  the  turn  of  the  century,  a  heavy  influx  of  Mid- 
dle West  and  Eastern  laborers,  farm  hands,  and  immi- 
grants, hit  Oregon.  Unions  were  organized,  and  their 
agitators  soon  dominated  politics,  with  Portland  as 
headquarters.  Conditions  were  so  intolerable  that  even 
some  of  the  hardy  pioneers  "took  to  the  wilds"  for  their 
freedom. 

The  Chinese  were,  of  course,  caught  in  this  melee 
*^d  they  suffered  heavily.  They  were  kept  out  of 
forest  and  field  work.  They  were  kept  out  of  unions 
and  all  lines  of  unionized  industries.  They  were  kept 
out  of  public  works,  civil  service,  and  professions.  Their 
number  dropped  from  15,000  in  1900  to  2,000  in  1935. 

The  remaining  2,000  did  not  leave  Oregon  because 
~r  their  deep  attachment  to  the  great  state  which  they 
have  learned  to  love.  As  one  of  them  said,  'Put  me 
in  Canton,  or  even  in  Los  Angeles,  and  I  would  feel 
I'ke  a  foreigner.  I  cannot  be  happy  without  the  air  per- 
fumed by  tall  trees  and  water  which  has  baptized 
mountains."  More  than  two-thirds  of  them  are  Amer- 
ican born,  and  they  are  American  in  feeling,  in  educa- 
tion, and  in  habit. 

It  was  because  all  lines  of  endeavor  were  closed 
to  them  that  the  weaker  of  the  unemployed  turned  to 
lotterv  as  their  means  of  livelihood.  Contrary  to  gen- 
eral belief,  lottery  selling  is  hard  work.  It  means 
rebuffs,  sneers,  frequent  arrests,  and  hours  of  tiresome 
hoofing  and  stair  climbing  after  dimes  and  nickels. 
Nine  out  of  ten  would  gladly  junk  lottery  peddling 
in  favor  of  a  good  decent  job. 

Even  ambitious  politicians  have  turned  to  attack 
lotterv  as  f  me?ns  of  attaining  higher  office.  The  reason 
is  clear.  It  is  because  lottery  is  the  mildest,  and  least 
entrenched  form  of  vices  in  Portland.  Of  course,  lot- 
terv must  go.  But  let  these  politicians  include  the 
•^aior  rackets  in  their  house  cleanings.  Let  them  exDose 
~u„  r(,j  Ijght  activities.  Let  them  clean  up  the  gambling 
tables  behind  nool  'oonn  and  beer  parlors.  Above  all, 
'uen-i  find  jobs  for  the  underdogs. 

courage  the  young  to  marry  while  they  are  young,  and 
without  having  to  save  or  borrow  money  in  order  to 
put  on  a  great  showing  when  they  marry.  It  was 
thought  also  that  the  superstitious  customs  of  yes- 
teryears, such  as  the  choosing  of  a  lucky  day  for  the 
marriage  by  the  consultation  of  astrologers  and  for- 
tune-tellers, and  the  incessant  and  endless  libations 
offered  to  the  departed  souls  of  the  family  ancestors 
to  insure  the  happiness  and  fecundity  of  the  unions, 
would  be  done  away  with. 


November  29,  1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  9 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENT 


WILLIAM  HOY 


The  Magazine  Reader 

In  Room  416  in  the  Library  of  the 
University  of  California  at  Berkeley,  is 
to  be  found  a  collection  of  Chinese  books 
which  is  said  to  be  surpassed  only  by  the 
collections  in  the  Library  of  Congress 
and  the  Newberry  Library  of  Chicago, 
and  stands  on  a  par  with  the  Chinese 
libraries  of  Columbia  and  Harvard  Uni- 
versities. It  contains  Chinese  works  from 
private  collections  "which  can  no  longer 
be  duplicated  even  in  China,"  an  en- 
tire set  of  the  Chinese  Imperial  Encyclo- 
pedia of  316  books — the  greatest  refer- 
ence work  in  Chinese,  larger  than  the 
Encyclopedia  Brittanica  —  an  officially 
compiled  history  of  the  Manchu  Dynasty, 
bilingual  dictionaries,  and  numerous 
other  works  invaluable  to  scholars  and 
students  interested  in  China  and  things 
Chinese.  The  entire  collection  number 
25,000  volumes. 
Gives  Library 

A    description    of     the     founding    and 
growth    of  this   Chinese   Library   is  given 
"California  Monthly." 
"California  Monthly. 

This  library  began  when  Dr.  Kiang 
Kang-hu  the  eminent  scholar  and  so- 
cialist, presented  his  entire  private  library 
to  the  university  in  1916.  His  collection 
comprised  1,600  works  in  13,600  vol- 
umes. In  that  year  Dr.  Kiang  became 
a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Oriental  Languages.  This  collec- 
tion was  what  remained  of  a  library  of 
more  than  50,000  volumes,  which  had 
taken  Dr.  Kiang's  family  many  genera- 
tions to  acquire. 

Another  large  private  collection  was 
willed  to  the  library  by  Dr.  John  Fryer, 
Agassiz  Professor  of  Oriental  Languages 
and  Literature  at  the  University  from 
1896  to  1914.  Included  in  this  particu- 
lar collection  is  the  "Chinese  Imperial 
Encyclopedia,"  an  unsurpassable  refer- 
ence work  completed  about  1730  under 
the  Emperor  K'anf  Hsi.  This  Encyclo- 
pedia is  divided  into  six  main  sections: 
heaven,  earth  man,  arts  and  sciences, 
philosophy   and    political   science. 

Dr.  Fryer,  a  Britisher,  was  one  time 
supervisor  of  a  translation  bureau  of  the 
Imperial  Chinese  Government  during 
the  Manchu  regime.  He  has  translated 
many  occidental  scientific  works  into 
Chinese. 

From  Professor  Edward  Thomas  Will- 
iams the  University  acquired  another 
large  collection  of  Chinese  books,  which 
at  present  is  kept  in  Room  420.  Dr. 
Williams  was  one  time  chief  of  the  Di- 
vision of  Far  Eastern  Affairs  of  the 
U.    S.   Government. 


Lowell  Thomas,  explorer,  author, 
radio  news  broadcaster,  and  comment- 
ator, has  written  the  little  known  but 
extraordinary  story  of  "The  First  Chi- 
nese Explorer"  in  the  November  issue 
of   Asia. 

Romance,  Adventure,  Drama 

It  is  the  story  of  the  travels  of  intrepid 
Chang  K'ien,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of 
the  emperor  Wu  Ti  in  the  Han  Dynasty. 
The  travels  of  this  explorer  from  Chang- 
an  (modern  Sian,  in  Shensi)  is  full  of 
romance,  adventure,  and  dramatic  ele- 
ments  as  author   Thomas   has  written   it. 

China  in  140  B.  C.  was  anxious  to 
expand  its  silk  trade  with  distant  coun- 
tries, but  to  the  south,  west,  and  north- 
west she  was  surrounded  by  unfriendly 
tribes  of  robbers  and  semi-barbarians.  In 
the  west,  especially,  she  faced  the  power- 
ful and  cruel  Huns.  To  seek  a  trade 
route  to  the  west  it  was  necessary  to 
cross  the  country  of  the  Huns,  and  for 
this  task  a  man  of  intrepid  daring,  saga- 
city, and  resourcefulness  was  needed. 
Chang  K'ien,  a  yeoman  in  the  Imperial 
Household,  was  chosen.  His  task  was  to 
make  an  alliance  with  the  Yue-chi  tribe 
far  to  the  west  "somewhere  in  Asia." 
Appointed  as  first  Chinese  ambassador 
to  the  King  of  Yue-chi,  he  was  given  a 
retinue  of  100  men  and  started  on  his 
journey  in  138  B.  C. 

Adventure,  Hardship,  Danger 

The  journey  across  the  mountainous 
region  of  north  China,  through  the  cold 
Mongolian  and  Siberian  frontiers,  across 

Endowment 

The  Chinese  library  has  also  benefitted 
from  an  endowment  given  by  General 
Horace  W.  Carpentier.  His  endowment 
of  more  than  #100,000  was  left  for  the 
purchase  of  books  "relating  to  the  five 
great  areas  of   Oriental   civilization." 

The  article  went  on  to  describe  the 
efforts  to  make  this  great  collection  con- 
veniently available  for  the  use  of  stu- 
dents, scholars  and  scientists  who  wish  to 
delve  into  the  early  Oriental  history  of 
pharmacy  and  agriculture.  Pearl  Ng,  a 
graduate  of  the  University  of  Librarian- 
ship  is  a  member  of  the  staff.  Her  serv- 
ice is  invaluable  in  cataloging  and  index- 
inf?   the   collection. 

"In  preservng  and  augmenting  the 
finest  Chinese  collection  in  the  West,  the 
University  is  performing  a  public  service 
of  very  considerable  value.  As  the  de- 
velopment of  trade  in  the  Pacific  area 
becomes  of  constantly  more  vital  con- 
cern to  California,  this  admirable  Chi- 
nese library  .  .  .  must  inevitably  become 
more  and  more  a  valuable  feature  of  the 
University,"    the    author    concluded. 


some  of  the  highest  ranges  in  Central 
Asia,  was  full  of  adventure,  hardship, 
and  unknown  danger.  The  big  adventure 
came  when  Chang  K'ien  and  his  men 
were  waylaid  and  caught  by  the  Huns. 
He  was  brought  before  Lou  Shang,  chief 
of  the  Huns,  who  committed  him  to  be 
imprisoned.  Most  of  Chang  K'ien's  men 
had  been  killed  in  their  first  encounter 
with  the  Huns,  and  the  remaining  ones 
were  also  put  under  guard. 

Lived  Among  Huns 

Romance  entered  when,  as  Chang 
K'ien  was  being  led  away  to  imprison- 
ment "a  pair  of  luminous  black  eyes 
looks  with  more  than  interest  on  the 
handsome  young  Chinese  envoy.  And 
even  an  envoy  of  the  great  Emperor  Wu 
Ti  may  be  excused  if  he  returns  the 
glance."  For  ten  years  Chang  K'ien  lived 
among  the  Huns,  and  during  that  time 
married  a  princess  of  the  tribe,  "she 
with  the  luminous  black  eyes,"  and  she 
bore  him   a  son. 

When  he  made  his  escape,  his  princess- 
wife    and   son    went    with    him,    and   also 
T'ang-i-Fu,    a    crack    bowman    who    was 
the  only  one  left  of  Chang   K'ien's  men. 
Remembered  Mission 

The  Chinese  explorer  had  not  forgot- 
ten his  mission,  so  across  more  mount- 
ains and  deserts  he  went  until  the  four 
of  them  reached  that  region  later  known 
as   Ferghana,   in   the   year   128  B.C. 

Through  all  the  regions  he  had  passed 
Chang  K'ien  had  noted  the  customs  and 
life  of  the  various  peoples,  their  re- 
sources, their  agriculture  and  degree  of 
civilization.  The  travels  of  this  explorer 
added  tremendous  knowledge  to  the  geo- 
graphy of  his  time. 

Finally  Chang  K'ien  reached  his  des- 
tination, the  court  of  the  King  of  Yue- 
chi.  To  the  Chinese  the  region  was  then 
known  as  Ta-hia.  In  later  centuries,  it 
became  part  of  Bokhara  and  Samarkand. 

Later,  the  Chinese  envoy  went  further 
west  to  Bactria,  and  here  he  gahered 
more  informaion  of  oher  countries  such 
as  Chaldea,  Syria,  and  India.  He  also 
heard  reports  of  a  nation  far  to  the  west, 
which  was  daily  growing  in  power.  This 
was  the  great  Roman  Empire,  destined 
to  become  a  big  customer  for  China's 
silk. 

Goes  Farther  West 

After  spending  a  whole  year  in  the 
Yue-chi  country,  Chang  K'ien  started 
home,  choosing  a  slightly  different  way, 
"partly  for  the  sake  of  surveying  an 
alternative  route  across  Central  Asia, 
partly  to  avoid  the  territory  of  the 
Hiung-nu    (Huns)." 

(Continued    on    Page    14) 


Page   10 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  29,    1935 


COM  MUNITY    WELFARE 


ETHEL  LUM 


Evangelistic  Services 
Rendered  Inmates 

For  more  than  seven  years  Chinese 
inmates  of  San  Quentin  have  gained 
spiritual  peace  and  comfort  from  the 
evangelistic  services  rendered  by  Chinese 
ministers  from  the  local  churches.  This 
program,  inaugurated  and  sponsored 
jointly  by  the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and 
Chinese  Christian  Union  Church  of 
San  Francisco,  includes  the  preaching  of 
the  gospel  in  the  institution,  and  the 
maintaining  of  contacts  and  relaying  of 
messages  between  the  prisoners  and 
their  families. 

On  the  second  Sunday  of  each  month, 
a  group  service  at  8:15  A.  M.  convenes 
all  the  Chinese  prisoners  to  listen  to  a 
spiritual  message  brought  to  them  in 
their  own  tongue.  Again,  on  the  third 
Friday  of  the  month,  from  9:30  A.  M. 
to  3  P.  M.,  they  have  the  privilege  of 
individual  consultations  with  the  visiting 
minister.  Occasionally,  on  Chinese  New 
Year,  Christmas,  and  other  holidays,  the 
Chinese  community  participates  by  con- 
tributing money  or  gifts. 

Rev.  Tse  Kei  Yuen  of  the  Chinese 
Presbyterian  Church  has  directed  this 
program  and  has  pledged  himself  to  this 
work  from  the  very  beginning,  assisted 
by  Rev.  Leong  Bing  Yee  of  the  Chinese 
Congregational  Church,  and  Rev.  Chan 
Sing  Kai,  formerly  of  the  Chinese 
Methodist  Church.  Their  efforts 
have  been  well  rewarded  by  the  eager 
welcome  always  extended  to  them  at  each 
visit.  Several  hundred  hearts  have  been 
touched,  and  since  the  first  baptism, 
which  took  place  in  the  prison  Oct.  17, 
1933,  26  Chinese  have  been  converted  to 
the  christian  faith.  The  gospel  messages 
are  now  a  source  of  guidance  and  con- 
solation to  the  81  Chinese  at  the  prison 
where  almost   6000  convicts  are  confined. 

One  can  offer  no  better  testimony  of 
what  such  a  program  has  meant  to  these 
prisoners  than  to  quote  from  the  many 
letters  written  to  Rev.  Tse.  "I  was  once 
lost,"  one  wrote,  "but  I  thank  the  Lord 
that  he  sent  you  to  find  me."  "My  cal- 
amity has  become  my  joy,  for  I  have 
found  my  salvation  this  day,"  still  an- 
other wrote.  Many  of  them,  strengthened 
by  their  faith,  learned  to  face  the  death 
penalty  with  calmness  and  utter  lack  of 
fear.  "They  have  been  so  moved  to  repen- 
tance," stated  Rev.  Tse,  "that  if  given 
another  chance,  thev  will,  I  am  certain, 
lead   better   and  different  lives." 


Chinese   Hospital 
Campaign  On 

A  total  of  78  Chinese  were  given 
hospitalization  and  medical  treatments 
and  185  other  persons  were  treated  and 
examined  at  the  clinic  of  the  Chinese 
Hospital,  during  the  ten  months  ending 
Oct.  31,  according  to  a  report  just  re- 
leased by  Ginn  P.  Louie,  superintendent 
of  the  hospital. 

Of  the  total  sick  persons  given  aid, 
most  of  them  were  only  part-pay  pa- 
tients and  some  were  given  free  treat- 
ments throughout  their  stay.  Those 
treated  at  the  clinic  were  charity  pa- 
tients. A  total  of  736  examinations  were 
so  given,  an  average  of  4  treatments  per 
patient. 

During  the  ten  month  period  covered 
by  the  report  more  than  100  persons, 
mostly  children,  were  vaccinated  and 
given   dental  attention.   Six   aged  Chinese 


were  referred  for  care  to  the  Laguna 
Honda  Home,  and  1  1  were  recom- 
mended to  the  San  Francisco  County 
Hospital.  A  special  work  done  by  the 
Hospital  this  year  was  that  the  children 
of  14  families  on  State  or  County  relief 
were   given  examinations. 

The  total  financial  maintence  of  the 
hospital  during  the  ten  months  cited  by 
the  report  was  #9,495.52.  As  an  agency 
of  the  Community  Chest,  the  Chinese 
Hospital  receives  around  $6000  a  year 
from  that  source.  For  the  remaining 
funds  necessary  for  its  support,  a  large 
part  comes  from  the  hospital's  $  100,000 
Endowment  Fund,  from  occasional  con- 
tributions from  Chinese  and  American 
philanthropists,  and  from  fees  received 
from  patients. 

•  • 

A  son  was  born  on  Nov.  16  to  the  wife 
of  Quong  C.  Siu,  1125  Grant  Ave.  San 
Francisco,    Calif. 


Chinese  Scouts  Gain 

The  Scout  movement  in  Chinatown  re- 
ceived a  great  stimulant  when  a  represen- 
tative troop  of  15  Chinese  Boy  Scouts 
from  China  visited  San  Francisco  recent- 
ly. They  were  sent  by  the  Chinese  Na- 
tional Government  to  participate  in  the 
World  Boy  Scout  Jamboree  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  When  this  event  was  sudden- 
ly called  off  because  of  an  epidemic  of 
infantile  paralysis,  these  Scouts  were 
authorized  to  go  on  a  "good  will"  tour 
of  the  United  States.  They  were  warmly 
and  enthusiastically  welcomed  by  all 
groups  and  societies  in  the  Chinese  Com- 
munity. Their  stay  in  San  Francisco 
lasted  about  two  weeks,  ending  Septem- 
ber 20. 

Immediately  following  their  visit, 
Troop  3,  then  the  only  troop  of  Chinese 
Scouts  in  San  Francisco,  reported  an  in- 
crease of  45  in  its  membership.  The  St. 
Mary's  Catholic  Chinese  Troop  34  was 
in  the  process  of  formation.  The  interest 
in  scouting  engendered  by  the  remark- 
able display  of  talents  shown  by  these 
boys  from  the  Motherland  hastened  the 
growth  of  this  troop,  which  was  formally 
installed  into  the  Boy  Scout  organization 
on  September  20,  with  a  membership  of 
35.  Chinese  Girls'  Scout  Troop  14,  or- 
ganized in  1932  at  the  Chinese  Presby- 
terian Church,  now  has  a  membership 
of   21. 

Although  two  of  these  troops  were 
chartered  under  the  sponsorship,  either 
directly  or  indirectly,  of  churches  in  the 
Chinese  Community,  membership  in 
them  is  open  to  all,  with  no  restrictions 
as  to   denomination   or  creed. 

The  recreational  and  educational  op- 
portunities offered  to  Chinese  youth 
are  not  only  helpful  in  character  guid- 
ance and  citizenship  training  but  are 
also  instrumental  in  decreasing  the  per- 
cent of  delinquency  problems  among  the 
adolescent.  Since  Chinatown,  both  old 
and  young,  has  had  a  "taste"  of  the 
achievements  scouting  can  accomplish, 
there  is  every  indication  that  several 
other  troops,  for  boys  and  girls,  will 
soon  be  organized  in  the  community. 
Eventually  there  may  evolve  a  strong  fcd- 
pr?tion    of  Chinese  Scouts  in  America. 


Buy  Your   Next  Pair  of  Shoes 
at  the 

COMFORT    SHOE 
STORE 

754   Grant    Ave.  CHina    2288 

San  Francisco,  California 


November  29,   1935 


CHI NESE       DIGEST 


Page   11 


FAS 


IONS 


CLARA  CHAN 


Seen    and  Heard 
On   Big  Game  Night 

By  Oy  Lin  Wong 

"It  seems  that  New  York  is  completely 
out  of  competition  as  far  as  pretty  girls 
are  concerned,"  was  a  remark  overheard 
from  a  well  known  visitor  from  New 
York.  A  more  brilliant  profusion  of 
color  and  style  has  seldom  been  witnessed 
at  any  one  gathering.  Such  was  the  case 
of  the  Big  Game  dance  held  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Stanford  Chinese  Stu- 
dent club  at  Trianon  Ballroom. 
Beautiful  Gowns 
Talking  to  Miss  Clara  Chan,  I  re- 
marked about  the  very  distinguished 
wife  of  our  Honorable  Chinese  Consul 
General  Huang.  Combining  the  tradi- 
tional dress  of  China  with  the  occi- 
dental short  jacket,  Mrs.  Huang  created 
a    very   lovely  picture   in   pink  satin. 

Another  Chinese  gown  worn  by  Mrs. 
Leland  Kimlau  was  of  pale  blue.  I  think 
that  I  had  better  become  very  confiden- 
tial and  tell  all  of  our  charming  young 
ladies  that  white  net  over  pastel  shades 
should  be  very  popular  as  was  effected 
in  this  particular  dress. 

Miss  Betty  Won's  dress  was  of  peri- 
winkle blue  crepe.  Low  V  neck  in  front 
two  slits  from  either  shoulder  to  the 
waistline  in  back,  and  a  braided  silver 
stand  up  collar  caught  by  two  large  cry- 
stal buttons  in  front.  This  silver  braid 
was  also  carried  out  in  the  belt. 

Of  course,  I  had  to  take  time  out  to 
dance  myself,  but  with  one  half  turn 
around  the  floor,  I  noticed  such  a  lovely 
black  dress  that  I  had  to  stop  dancing. 
Black  Taffeta  and  Rhinestones 
Virginia  Quan  was  the  very  charming 
young  lady  who  wore  black  taffeta  with 
adornment  rhinestone  clips  at  front  of 
the  neck.  Pleated  ruffles  made  the  halter 
collar  and  the  shoulder  line  was  carried 
to  form  a  half  bodice  in  the  back.  These 
ruffles  were  also  used  as  peplum  below 
the  waist  line  and  the  skirt  was  extremely 
full.  Gardenias  were  worn  diagonally  in 
back  of   her  hair. 

My    dance    was    again    interrupted    by 
Dr.   Helen   Tong   Chinn,   who   seemed    to 
lave    the    faculty    of    losing    one    or   both 
jf    her    rhinestone    earrings    all    evening. 
)r.  Chinn's  gown  was   of  white  silk,  with 
a     profusion    of    embroidered    flowers    at 
the  bottom   of   the   skirt.  The   top  of  the 
dress  was  very  simple  in  line,  with  a  cape 
collar     of     white     lapin    with     inserts     of 
Chinese    embroideries.     Her    gay    person- 
ality added  zest  to   the   whole   affair. 
New  York  Visitor 
Speaking     of      overhearing     things,     I 
must      mention      our      charming      visitor 

—  *^»    —       m  -       •=■ 


from  New  York,  Mrs.  George  (Prince) 
Wong.  Her  gown  was  of  black  crepe, 
square  neck,  long  sleeves  slit  from  the 
shoulder  to  a  tight  cuff  at  the  wrist,  very 
tailored  and  simple  in  line,  with  a  black 
corded  belt.  Her  only  adornment  was  a 
corsage  of  gardenias  worn  straight  across 
the  front  neckline. 

Not  only  was  San  Francisco  repre- 
sented at  this  Big  Game  dance  but  Oak- 
land had  its  representation  of  lovely  girls. 
Miss  Ada  Chan  wore  a  gown  of  rose 
crepe,  the  neckline  in  front  to  the  waist 
line  in  back  was  of  lace  interwoven  with 
gold  thread.  Rhinestone  clips  on  a 
square  neckline,  and  a  fitted  skirt  com- 
pleted  the  costume. 


Virginia  Quan 

Coming  back  to  San  Francisco  again, 
I  noticed  Mrs.  Hayne  Hall  in  stunning 
white  crepe.  Princess  neckline  with 
rhinestone  straps,  and  a  fitted  semi-full 
skirt  made  this  one  of  the  attractive 
gowns   of  the  evening. 

Just  a  hint,  girls;  we  hear  that  the 
princess  skirt  will  be  very  popular  this 
season.  A  profusion  of  sequins,  both  for 
cape  collars  and  jackets  will  also  be  very 
correct.  Fur  capes  are  also  coming  into 
their  own  again,  being  used  not  only 
for  evening  wraps  but  also  for  shawl 
length  collars. 


Head  First  Into  Winter 

Hats  are  the  first  and  last  words  in  a 
fashion  story.  They  can  be  a  private 
danger  or  a  public  menace.  Men  are 
acutely  aware  of  this.  And  no  wonder! 
Just  as  it  takes  a  first  rate  fashion  artist 
to  know  how  to  draw  a  hat  "rightly"  on 
an  imaginary  head,  so  it  takes  a  very 
"fashion-sensitive"  woman  to  know  how 
to  wear  a  hat  to   her  best  advantage. 

For  the  tall  woman —  your  hat  is  go- 
ing to  bow  its  head  this  winter  and  rush 
recklessly  out  in  front  of  you;  the  brim 
will  thrust  itself  aggressively  into  the 
wind  and  shoot  forward  like  a  nosedive. 
Extreme?  Oh-oooo —  swallow  your  cau- 
tiousness, try  one  on!  You  are  the  ones 
who  can  get  away  with  gay  flowers, 
large  bows  and  smart  feathers  that  are 
"the  thing"  on  velvets,  fur  felts  and 
fabrics   this  winter. 

Oh,  you  lucky  medium-sized  woman 
who  possesses  a  perfect  face!  How  the 
girl  with  a  mighty  nose,  furrowed  fore- 
head, or  the  one  with  sallow  skin  would 
envy  you  in  an  "off  the  face,"  knowing 
perfectly  well  she  can  never  get  away 
with   one. 

For  those  with  very  buxom  cheeks, 
don't  try  on  pill  boxes  or  tambourines, 
and  for  the  haggard  looking,  a  decora- 
tive bonnet    will    never   do. 

Shorter  women —  avoid  large  brims 
and  elaborate  trimmings.  Little  hats  such 
as  turbans,  small  brims,  and  the  ever 
popular  velvet  berets  which  are  so  much 
in  demand  this  winter  are  more  be- 
coming. 

And    the    millinery    parade 

marches  on! 

Li'en  Fa 
•  • 

Miss  Bess  Bye 
Tips  Best  Buy 

Of  special  interest  to  young  Chinese 
housewives  who  seek  the  best  of  fresh  food, 
is  the  chat  of  Miss  Bess  Bye  over  Radio 
KFRC  each  morning  at  8:40. 

Miss  Bye  gives  a  survey  of  the  best  in 
the  way  of  fresh  fruit  and  vegetable  ar- 
rivals at  the  commission  district. 

Early  in  the  wee  hours  of  the  morning 
this  energetic  lady  may  be  found  combing 
the  district  and  taking  down  notes  of  good 
buys. 

Best  of  all,  each  morning  she  offers  sug- 
gestions for  menus  based  on  her  findings. 
Recipes  may  be  had  by  writing  to  her, 
care  of  the  radio. 

This  program  is  sponsored  by  the 
Homestead  Baking  Company  and  has  won 
the  approval  of  wide  awake  home  builders. 


Page   12 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  29,   1935 


CULTURE 


CHINGWAH  LEE 


Reflections  On 
Chinese  Art 


One  of  the  most  amazing  situations 
which  confront  an  art  lover  is  the  com- 
parative indifference  of  the  American 
Chinese  to  that  great  heritage  for  which 
China  has  long  been  noted  thru  the  cen- 
turies—  classic  fine  arts. 

Visiting  all  the  lodges,  family  associ- 
ations, and  club  headquarters  in  China- 
town, one  is  surprised  to  find  that  none 
of  the  altar  tables  contain  objects  of  art 
which  date  back  to  even  the  last  epoch  of 
Chinese  art —  the  Ch'ien  Lung  Period. 
Instead,  these  altar  tables  are  frequently 
clustered  with  cheap  Canton  pottery, 
fruits,  antiquated  (but  not  antique) 
jewel  trees,  and  likely  as  not,  European 
nick  nacks. 

It  is  true  that  these  organization  head- 
quarters do  contain  fine  examples  of  con- 
temporary Chinese  art:  gorgeous  em- 
broidered panels  running  into  thousands 
of  dollars,  elaborately  carved  teak  wood 
furniture,  rich  Tientsin  rugs,  and  best 
of  all,  the  carved  and  gilded  altar  pieces, 
some  of  them  of  museum  caliber. 

But  one  is  grieved  to  find  that  in  this 
same  room  would  be  a  Market  Street  ash 
tray,  a  chesterfield  set,  and  a  huge  mirror 
with  a  bar  room  border.  Such  is  the  pen- 
alty for  having  an  efficient  rice  dealer  or 
a  perfect  speechmaker  at  the  head  of 
any   association. 

Apologists  might  point  out  that  chest- 
erfields are  necessary  for  comfort,  that 
expensive  objects  might  be  stolen  by 
tourists,  that  the  non-permanent  nature 
of  their  stay  in  America  does  not  justify 
undue  expenditure  on  expensive  art  ob- 
jects. One  only  has  to  visit  the  suite  of 
the  Chinese  Consulate,  or  the  waiting 
room  of  Dr.  Margaret  Chung  to  realize 
that  it  is  possible  to  combine  practicabil- 
ity and  comfort  in  a  purely  Chinese 
setting. 

Genuine  Objects  Scarce 
Another  disappointment  awaits  the  art 
lover  when  he  makes  a  round  of  the  Chi- 
nese bazaars.  Shelves  of  reproductions. 
Shelves  of  modern  productions.  And 
then  in  the  back  rooms  or  in  a  forgotten 
case,  a  piece  of  genuine  art  object  or  two. 
But  the  majority  of  these  shopkeepers 
cannot  tell  you  what  they  have.  Three 
out  of  five  stores  carrying  flambe  rouges 
have  them  labeled  oxbloods.  A  real  Ming 
blue  and  white  was  sold  for  a  song  but  a 
clever  reproduction  was  given  a  stiff  fig- 
ure. A  T'ang  figure  was  labeled  a  Ming 
—belittling  the  object  by  a  thousand 
years. 

There     are     but     two     stores     carrying 


flambe,  famille  roses,  and  celadons; 
there  is  but  one  store  having  Ming  Blanc 
de  chine;  there  is  but  one  store  carrying 
more  than  one  piece  of  the  following: 
k'o  szu,  mirror  blacks,  ting  yao,  T'ang 
potteries,  early  bronzes,  and  classic  jade 
carvings. 

There  are  no  Chinese  stores  in  China- 
town carrying  any  of  the  following  re- 
presentative porcelains:  golden  brown 
chien,  Sung  transmutation  chun,  K'ang 
Hsi  famille  verte,  tea  dust,  ox  blood, 
peach  blow,  san  ts'ai,  Han  metallic  green 
pottery,   or  Ming  polychrome. 

There  are  no  bazaars  in  Chinatown 
carrying  anywhere  near  a  full  line  of 
such  classic  objects  as  the  following: 
antique  or  classic  jade  carvings,  cere- 
monial bronzes,  stone  or  marble  sculp- 
tured figures,  k'o  szu  or  Chinese  tap- 
estries, pre-tang  pottery.  Yet  these  are 
typical  things  which  one  would  expect 
from  a  Chinese  bazaar. 

Depression  Partly  Responsible 
The  depression,  of  course,  has  been  re- 
sponsible for  much  of  the  poverty  of  art 
objects  in  these  bazaars.  Yet  no  depress- 
ion can  explain  the  gross  mislabeling  of 
the  few  that  these  bazaars  do  carry.  This 
in  turn  is  not  the  fault  of  the  bazaar 
owners.  There  is  no  public  demand  for 
these  things  - — -  and  no  bazaar  has  enough 
capital,  surplus  energy,  and  foresight  to 
create   this   demand. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  Westerners,  much 
as  they  admire  Chinese  things,  being  in- 
fluenced by  our  noble  domestics,  are  no- 
toriously weak  in  their  appreciation  of 
Chinese  art.  They  are  in  the  same  status 
as  the  Europeans  were  three  hundred 
years  ago.  To  them  Chinese  art  is  still 
symbolized  by  fantastic  carvings  and 
grotesque  artifacts  which  the  Chinese 
made  for  export  to  "primitive"  countries. 
The  Westerners  are  aware  that  Chinese 
art  is  graceful  in  line,  subdue  and  subtle 
in  feeling,  vigorous  with  creativeness, 
and  having  forms  which  are  satisfying 
to  the  intellect.  Modern  Europeans  and 
Easterners  have  come  to  appreciate  these 
qualities  and  their  knowledge  on  Chinese 
art  would   put  us  to  shame. 

On  the  entire  Pacific  Coast,  the  Fuller 
collection  in  the  Seattle  Museum  is  the 
only  exhibit  having  a  representative 
collection  of  Chinese  art.  The  museums 
of  San  Francisco  are  exceedingly  weak, 
as  are  those  of  Los  Angeles,  Portland, 
and  San  Diego.  It  is  not  the  fault  of  the 
directors,  for  they  were  the  first  to  regret 
that  indifference  on  the  part  of  our  weal- 
thy citizens  made  it  impossible  for  them 
to  build  up  a  collection.  When  we  con- 
(Continued  on  Page   14) 


The  Story  of  Ceramic  Art 

Article  1.   How  to  Identify  Pottery 

Confucius  said  that  we  must  begin  all 
studies  with  the  "rectification  of  terms.' 
The  general  term  applied  to  all  kinds  of 
fictile  kiln  products,  whether  pottery, 
porcelain,  or  porcellaneous  stoneware,  is 
ceramics.  The  word  pottery  is  sometimes 
used  as  an  all  embracing  term,  but  its 
inadequacy  is  obvious.  The  Chinese  term 
is  yao  (kiln,  and  hence  by  extension, 
products  of   the  kiln). 

Pottery  is  the  name  given  to  the  earl- 
iest form  of  fired  clay  products.  Other 
names  are  earthenware,  terra  cotta,  boc- 
caro  and  faciene.  Pottery  making,  to- 
gether with  the  use  of  the  bow  and  ar- 
row, and  the  domestication  of  plants  and 
animals,  are  the  three  achievements  which 
separate  the  Palaeolithic  or  Stone  Age 
from  the  Neolithic  or  New  Stone  Age. 
(In  fact,  if  by  Neolithic,  anthropolog- 
ists could  be  induced  to  consider  "stone 
pottery"  rather  than  "polished  stone"  as 
the  new  stone,  a  great  advance  would  be 
made  in  "rectification  of  terms").  Pot- 
tery making,  however,  is  not  yet  a  uni- 
versal culture,  and  such  people  as  the 
Australians,  the  Eskimos,  and  the  South 
American  Yahan  Indians,  have  no  knowl- 
edge of  pottery  making.  The  Chinese 
term  for  pottery  is  wa  (ancient  term  for 
kiln,  and  hence  by  extension,  for  any 
kiln   products  of  a    primitive  nature) . 

If  we  examine  such  typical  pottery  as 
fire  bricks,  tiles  terra  cotta  flower  pots, 
and  the  cheaper  dishes  and  kitchen  uten- 
sils, we  find  a  stony  substance  whose  body 
is  typically  reddish  brown  or  buff  in 
color,  but  which  may  also  be  nearly 
white,  pinkish  white,  yellowish  brown, 
chocolate  brown,  gray,  or  even  black.  It 
is  opaque,  and  unless  glazed,  the  coarser 
wares  are  not  necessarily  impervious  to 
water.     It  may  be  scratched  with  steel. 

A  famous  Chinese  pottery  center  is  in 
Yi-hsing  hsien  (hsien  district)  of  Chang- 
chou  fu  (fu,  country  or  prefecture)  in 
the  province  of  Kiangsu.  Founded  about 
400  years  ago  during  Ming  time,  it  is 
still  actively  producing  great  quantities 
of  wares  in  the  form  of  flower  pots,  brush 
holders,  pillows,  and  especially,  tea  pots 
— for  the  Chinese  consider  Yi-hsing  tea 
pots  to  be  superior  to  all  others  for  brew- 
ing tea.  These  Yi-hsing  wares  arc 
called  boccaro  by  the  early  Portuguese, 
after  some  South  American  Indian  pot- 
tery. Yi-hsing  wares  encircled  the  world 
two  or  three  centuries  ago  and  influenced 
European  potters  to  an  immense  degree, 
being  copied  bv  Bottler  in  Gorm.inv.  and 
Elders,    of  Staffordshire,    in   England. 

(Next  week,  how  to  identify  porcelain 
and  porcellaneous  stoneware). 


November  29,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  13 


SPORTS 


Fred  George  Woo 


FIVE  TEAMS  ENTERED  IN 
BASKETBALL   CHAMPIONSHIPS 

Five  teams,  all  from  San  Francisco, 
are  entered  in  the  coming  Wah  Ying 
Bay  Region  Chinese  Basketball  Champ- 
ionship Tournament,  Daniel  Yee,  pro- 
motion manager  of  the  Wah  Ying  Club 
announced    yesterday. 

The  teams  are:  Shangtai,  Scout 
Seniors,  Nulite,  Scout  Juniors,  and  the 
Chi-Fornians. 

Failure  of  East  Bay  and  other  cities 
to  enter  teams  in  the  league  was  conspic- 
uous. It  Wis  a  great  disappointment  to 
the  sponsor,  according  to  officials.  How- 
ever, the  Wah  Ying  Club  states  that  the 
tournament  will  be  localized  and  it  will 
be  an  annual  sport  event.  It  is  hoped 
that,  if  this  year's  league  is  a  success,  the 
other  out-of-town  clubs  will  give  a  little 
more  attention  and  response  next  year. 
All  contests  will  be  played  on  Sunday 
afternoons,  commencing  Dec.  15.  First 
game  is  slated  for  1  P.  M.  at  the  French 
Court,  San  Francisco. 
•  • 

PORTLAND  GIRLS  HAVE 
BASKETBALL  TEAM 

Portland  has  a  Chinese  girls'  basket- 
ball team.  Under  the  coaching  of  Helen 
Dunshee,  the  feminine  hoopsters  are 
making  a  strong  bid  for  basketball 
honors  in  Portland. 

The  team  is  comprised  of  the  follow- 
ing lassies:  Leah  Hing,  manager,  Sue 
Wong,  Mabel  Lee,  Rosie  Wong,  Lalun 
Chin,  Eva   Moe,  and  Jennie  Lew. 

It  would  be  of  immense  interest  if  the 
Portlandites    could    arrange    to    come    to 
San    Francisco    for    a    series    of    contests 
with  the  local  girls'  clubs. 
•  • 

SCOUTS  HAVE  TWO  TEAMS 

The  Troop  Three  Scouts  will  be  rep- 
resented by  a  Junior  basketball  team  in 
the  Wah  Ying  Tournament,  besides  a 
Senior  squad.  It  is  expected  that  the 
Juniors,  although  not  as  strong  as  the 
Seniors,  will  give  a  tough  battle  to  any 
team    in   the   league. 

The  Junior  Scouts  are  being  coached 
and  managed  by  Henry  Kan,  one  of  the 
stars  of  the  Senior  team.  He  has,  under 
his  charge,  several  youngsters  who  give 
promise  of  developing  into  stellar  cagers, 
among  them  being  Phillip  Chinn,  Teddy 
Moy,  Al  Young,  Arthur  Yim,  and  Peter 
Chong. 

Ten  other  boys  compose  the  remainder 
of  the  team.  They  are  Fred  Wong,  John 
Leong,  Harry  Chew,  Lawrence  Joe, 
Roger  Lee,  Herbert  Lee,  Art  Lim, 
Charles  Low,  William  Lee,  and  Martin 
Joe. 


VALLEJO  DEVELOPS 
BRILLIANT  PLAYERS 

The  prepsters'  football  season  is  prac- 
tically over,  but  the  grid  fans  up  in 
Vallejo  are  still  talking  about  two  brill- 
iant Vallejo  High  players,  Leslie  Fong 
and  Woodrow  Louie,  quarterback  and 
end,    respectively. 

Louie  is  one  of  the  greatest  ends  in 
Vallejo  High's  history,  according  to  the 
Vallejo  TIMES  HERALD,  and  the 
Santa  Rosa  PRESS  DEMOCRAT.  Fong 
is  a  smart  backfield  man  diminutive  but 
powerful. 

Besides  football,  both  Louie  and  Fong 
have  played  two  years  on  the  Apache 
varsity  basketball  team,  while  Fong 
played  on  the  school  nine  as  catcher. 

•  • 
CHINESE  SPORTSMEN'S  CLUB 

One  of  the  most  active  of  Chinese 
clubs  is  the  Sportsmen's  Club.  The  aim 
of  the  club  is  to  promote  sportsmanship 
in  the  true  ethical  sense  of  the  word 
among  the  Chinese  population.  Many 
members  of  the  club  pursue  their  favor- 
ite sport  over  week-ends. 

Officers  are:  President,  Albert  Chan; 
Vice-President,  Dr.  D.  K.  Chang;  Trea- 
surer, Dr.  K.  C.  Wong;  and  Secretary, 
Clarence  Chan.  Club  membership  is  not 
limited  to  Chinese.  The  members'  roster 
includes  many  American  men  and  wo- 
men. 

•  • 

MICROPHONE  FOR  CAGERS 

Daniel  Yee,  general  manager  of  the 
Wah  Ying  Club  at  844  Clay  St.,  has  an- 
nounced that  during  league  games  of  the 
Bay  Region  Chinese  Basketball  Tourna- 
ment, a  microphone  will  be  used  to  make 
play  by  play  announcements.  The  public 
broadcast  system  is  being  installed  by  the 
Young  Kee  Radio  Shop. 

This  marks  the  first  time  that  a  mike 
will  be  used  in  basketball  contests  at  the 
French  Court,  San  Francisco.  It  will  be 
a  novelty  as  well  as  a  convenience  for 
the  spectators. 

Doing  their  stuff  at  the  mike  will  be 
David  Kim  Lau,  Herbert  Lee,  and  Ed- 
ward Mock.  The  official  scorekeepers  are 
Fred  Chin  and  George  Lim,  with  Harry 
Lum  and  Frank  Hee  as  official  time- 
keepers. 

The  board  of  all-star  selections  is 
named  as  follows:  James  Jung,  chair- 
man, George  Ng,  Harry  Lum,  Edward 
Mock,  Frank  Hee,  Daniel  Yee,  George 
Lim,   Herbert   Lee,   and   David   Kim   Lau. 


Basketball    Team 
In    Baltimore 

The  Chinese  basketball  players  are  re- 
organizing a  team  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
according  to  Teddy  Lee,  formerly  one 
of  their  teammates  and  who  now  lives  in 
San  Francisco.  The  name  of  the  club  is 
Peiping  A.  C.  They  were  formerly  known 
as  the  Chinese  Wonders. 

Peiping  A.  C.  claims  to  have  the  only 
Chinese  basketball  team  west  of  New 
York  and  east  of  the  Rockies.  Last  year 
their  efforts  to  form  a  squad  was  of  no 
avail  due  to  lack  of  time.  However,  this 
year  the  Peipings  mean  business. 

The  Baltimore  Chinese  had  a  success- 
ful season  in  1933,  winning  half  of  their 
games  on  the  schedule  against  classy 
competition.  Coached  by  James  Wong, 
they  met  several  strong  teams  and  made 
a  creditable  showing.  One  of  their 
victims  was  the  Jackson  Jewish  Club, 
which  had  won  twenty-two  contests  in  a 
row   before   bowing  to  the  Peiping  team. 

Members  of  the  squad  are:  James 
Wong,  William  Lee,  Herbert  Lew,  Hock- 
wee  Doy,  Leonard  Wong,  and  Henry 
Horn.  An  effort  is  being  made  to  secure 
more  players,  especially  a  good  forward 
to  replace  Howard  Lee,  who  had  moved 
to  New  York. 


Nanwah  and 
Chi-Fornian  Tilt 

Negotiations  have  been  completed  be- 
tween two  local  Chinese  casaba  teams 
for  a  game  on  Sunday  night,  December 
8,  at  the  French  Court.  The  two  teams 
are  the  Nanwah  Athletic  Club  and  the 
Chi-Fornian  Club. 

Hoop  fans  are  watching  this  contest 
with  more  than  passing  interest.  The  Chi- 
Fornian  team  is  one  of  the  "dark  horses'' 
entered  in  the  Wah  Ying  League,  and  the 
other  league  entrants  would  naturally 
welcome  an  opportunity  to  see  how  strong 
it  is. 

Sport  enthusiasts  would  also  like  to 
see  this  year's  Nanwah  team  in  action. 
During  the  past  eight  years,  the  Nan- 
wahs  have  been  several  times  champions 
and  runners-up  in  P. A. A.  competition. 
Although  not  entered  in  the  coming 
tournament,  Nanwah  is  reputed  to  have 
a  splendid  squad,  capitalizing  in  fast  and 
heads-up  plays. 

A  preliminary  fray  will  be  played  be- 
tween the  weight  teams  representing  the 
Nanwahs  and  the  Salesian   Boys'  Club. 


m  — 


Page   14 


CHINESE       DICEST 


November  29,    1935 


WINGS  TO  CHINA 

(Continued   from   Page    6) 
to    work    out    the    best    arrangements    of 
seats  and  the  best  color  schemes  for  deco- 
rations both   recognized    as   important   in 
long  all-day  flights. 

Finally,  construction  could  start.  Slow- 
ly element  by  element  the  great  ships 
took  shape.  Months  later,  in  the  late 
spring  of  1934,  the  first  of  the  Sikorskys, 
the  "Brazilian  Clipper,"  was  launched. 
The  first  of  the  larger,  heavier  Martins, 
the  "China  Clipper,"  followed  in  Decem- 
ber of  the  same  year. 
Hold  Prized  World  Records 

And  what  triumphs  they  have  gather- 
ed. Both  emerged  from  long  exhaustive 
flight  tests  with  the  proudest  of  records. 
The  "Brazilian  Clipper"  was  finally 
licensed  to  carry  99.8  per  cent  of  its  dead 
weight,  the  "China  Clipper"  102.1  per 
cent.  The  "Brazilian  Clipper"  reached 
a  top  speed  of  192  miles  per  hour,  a 
cruising  speed  of  158  miles  per  hour. 
The  "China  Clipper"  matches  those  with 
figures  of   181  and   157  miles  per  hour. 

In  formal  tests  last  summer  the  "'Brazil- 
ian Clipper"  broke  eleven  official  inter- 
national records  for  large  seaplane  per- 
formance. In  tests  of  the  "China  Clip- 
per" in  the  Caribbean  during  its  training 
period  it  exceeded  performances  which 
would  set  no  less  than  14  new  marks. 

Already  one  of  the  Sikorskys,  the 
"Pan  American  Clipper,"  has  flown  far 
into  mid-Pacific  on  trips  turning  back 
at  progressively  distant  bases  of  the  new 
skyway — Hawaii,  Midway,  Wake,  Guam. 
No  pioneering  of  equal  significance  in 
history  has  ever  been  accomplished  with 
scheduled  precision,  or  with  such  ample 
margins  of  safety. 
"China  Clippers"  to  Sail  Again 

Soon  now  the  "China  Clipper"  and 
her  sister  ships  will  be  taking  over  the 
Pacific  service  and  the  "Pan  American 
Clipper"  will  return  to  routine  duties 
on  the  Brazilian  Division.  For  the  bigger 
ships  will  carry  larger  margins  of  pay- 
load.  From  San  Francisco  to  Hawaii, 
for  example,  they  will  be  able  to  carry 
18  passengers  in  berths,  a  ton  of  mail, 
another  ton  of  express  and  fuel  not  only 
for  the  2,400-mile  flight  but  for  an  addi- 
tional 800  miles  of  extra  flying  besides. 
On  the  daylight  flights  on  the  western 
stages,  a  great  many  more  passengers 
and    pounds   of  cargo   can  be   carried. 

Great  beautiful  things,  these  Martin 
boats  that  usher  in  a  new  conception  of 
travel  across  the  world's  trackless  oceans. 
They  stand  not  so  much  at  the  end  of  a 
long  line  of  super-refinement  as  at  the 
first  step  of  an  endless  new  development- 
Already,  before  these  three  have  enteral 
scheduled  service  Pan  American  engin- 
eers are  counseling  designers  pointing 
toward  "Clipper"   ships   to  be  built  along 


FIRST  CHINESE  EXPLORER 

(Continued  from  Page  9) 
Despite  this  precaution,  he  was  cap- 
tured again  by  the  Huns,  and  remained 
in  captivity  for  more  than  a  year,  but 
once  again  escaped  with  his  wife,  child 
and  his  archer.  And  thirteen  years  after 
he  left  his  native  land,  he  appeared  once 
more  in  the  Court  of  Wu  Ti. 
Huns  Defeated 
Chang  K'ien's  return  with  the  story  of 
his  travels  and  the  knowledge  which  he 
had  gained  was  "a  spark  to  kindle  the 
activity  of  China."  Military  expeditions 
were  dispatched  to  the  west  to  conquer 
tribe  after  tribe  so  that,  in  119  B.  C, 
even  the  Huns  were  finally  defeated. 
Thereafter,  lesser  envoys  were  sent  to 
Ferghana  and  neighboring  countries  to 
spread  the  civilization  of  China  and  to 
open  trade  and  communication  with 
other  peoples. 

Chinese  Influence  Spread 
By  military  conquests  and  diplomatic 
means  Wu  Ti  spread  the  influence  of 
China  throughout  Central  Asia.  The 
first  silk  route  to  Europe  was  established, 
together  with  a  line  of  "frontier  outposts 

which later    protected    the    trade 

routes  of  the  Roman  Empire.  Shortly 
after  the  end  of  the  second  century  B.  C. 
China's  silk  was  selling  on  the  banks  of 
the  Tiber  for  its  weight  in  gold." 

Thus  runs  the  great  story  of  Chang 
K'ien  as  told  by  Lowell  Thomas,  and  he 
tells  it  fully,  dramatically,  and  the  read- 
er is  carried  away  by  the  brilliance  of  his 
racy  and  colorful  narration.  Incident- 
ally, "The  First  Chinese  Explorer"  is 
the  first  story  of  a  collection  which  makes 
up  author  Thomas'  latest  book,  "The 
Untold  Story  of  Exploration,"  just  pub- 
lished by  Dodd,  Mead  and  Co.,  N.  Y., 
price  $3.00.  Read  the  book  by  all  means, 
if  you  enjoy  stories  of  explorations  and 
travels  into  remote  frontiers  of  the  world. 
•  • 


the  same  lines  and  that  will  be  twice  the 
size.  Already  new  engines  of  greater 
size  and  better  fuel  economies,  new  ma- 
terials, new  advancements  in  aero-dy- 
namics, give  guarantees,  not  promises, 
that  even  their  present  concepts  are  but 
a  step  or  two  toward  a  future  that  chal- 
lenges   the    imagination. 

NEW  SHANGHAI  CAFE 
DANCING  EVERY  EVENING 

No   Minimum    Charge 

No  Cover   Charge 

453  GRANT  AVE.  .  .  CHina  0789 

San  Francijco,  California 


REFLECTIONS    ON    CHINESE    ART 

(Continued  from  Page  12) 
sider  that  a  single  famille  noir  vase  cost 
around  $50,000,  we  can  realize  their 
difficulty.  Much  of  the  mislabeling  in  the 
Western  museums  are  again  not  the 
fault  of  the  curators.  The  rich  donators 
have  insisted  on  putting  their  "judg- 
ment" on  the  gift. 

Teach  Younger  Generation 

As  to  remedy,  the  first  important 
move  would  be  to  teach  Chinese  art  in 
the  evening  schools.  We  may  not  have 
enough  teachers  who  are  specialists  on 
this  complicated  subject,  but  a  general 
outline  covering  the  field  would  at  least 
be  a  beginning.  Meanwhile  outside  ex- 
perts might  be  invited  to  give  a  talk  be- 
fore important  gatherings. 

The  younger  generation  would  be 
going  a  long  way  in  stimulating  an 
interest  in  this  subject  by  presenting 
Chinese  art  objects  as  awards  for  their 
numerous  contests.  Instead  of  presenting 
the  usual  silver  plated  mug  (which  in- 
creases in  ugliness  with  the  years)  to  a 
winner,  a  Ming  vase  or  a  Ch'ien  Lung 
bronze  might  be  given.  A  metal  plate 
tacked  to  the  base  of  such  a  gift  would 
identify  the  giver  and  the  winner,  as  well 
as  indicating  the  ocassion.  The  initial 
cost  would  be  the  same,  but  it  is  no 
secret  that  Chinese  art  objects  are 
steadily  increasing  in  market  value.  In 
time  Chinatown  will  be  famous  for  its 
large  number  of  private  collectors. 
•  • 


/S&iFWt  r\ 


The  Grayline  has  introduced 
more  than  10,000  tourists  to 
Chinatown.  In  cooperation  with 
the  Chinese  Trade  and  Travel 
Association  these  tourists  are 
always  directed  to  the  best  cafes 
and  representative  bazaars. 


Parlor  Cars  for  picnics  and   Conventions 
Limousines    for   all    occasions 

THE  GRAYLINE,  INC. 

Chingwah   Lee,    Director 

Chinatown  Tour 

781    Market   St.  DOugl.is  04" 

San    Francisco,   California 


November  29,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page   15 


PEIPING-HANKOW    RAILROAD   TO 
BE   MADE  CHINA'S  "MODEL  RAIL" 

A  seven-year  plan  calling  for  the  in- 
crease of  railroad  property,  develop- 
ment of  traffic  and  payment  of  debts  has 
been  formulated  by  the  Peiping-Han- 
kow  Railway  Administration  with  the 
ultimate  object  of  making  the  longest 
government  line  in  China  the  "model 
railroad"  of  the   country. 

The  project,  it  is  understood,  has  al- 
ready been  approved  by  the  Executive 
Yuan  and  will  be  started  on  immediately. 
The  cost  is  estimated  at   #2,200,000. 

According  to  the  scheme,  500,000 
sleepers  and  5,500  tons  of  rails  will  be 
replaced  within  seven  years.  Aside  from 
the  bridges  at  Hsinlo  and  Fengchuen, 
which  will  be  rebuilt  presently,  all  other 
bridges  on  the  line  will  be  repaired  by 
five  stages:  from  Hankow  to  Hsinyang 
in  the  first  stage,  from  Hsinyang  to  Yen- 
cheng  in  the  second  stage,  from  Yen- 
cheng  to  the  south  bank  of  the  Yellow 
River  in  the  third  stage,  from  the  north 
bank  of  the  Yellow  River  to  Shihchia- 
chwang  in  the  fourth  stage,  and  from 
Shihchiachwang  to  Peiping  in  the  fifth 
stage. 

A  new  iron  bridge  will  be  built  across 
the  Yellow  River  to  replace  the  present 
one,  which  is  in  a  precarious  condition. 
The  design  for  the  new  bridge  has  al- 
ready been  worked  out  by  bridge  ex- 
perts and  the  estimated  construction 
con  is  $7, 500, 000. 

To  facilitate  transportation  on  the 
line,  20  new  locomotives  will  be  pur- 
chased abroad.  Meanwhile,  the  equip- 
ment of  the  railway  workshops  will  be 
increased.  Large  quantities  of  repair 
"T'teriaU.  new  motors,  boilers  and  sun- 
dry machines  will  be  bought. 
•  • 

International   Camp 
Conference  in  China 

From  China  comes  George  Gee's  re- 
port on  the  Fourth  Pacific  Area  Inter- 
national Camp-conference  at  Camp 
Swallow  Island,  Tsingtao.  The  eight 
days  of  the  conference  were  spent  in  dis- 
cussions of  the  various  school,  home  and 
national  problems  of  the  day.  Seventy- 
nine  boys,  representing  nine  nations, 
were  present   at  the   conference. 

George  Gee,  better  known  as  Gee 
Teung,  is  a  former  San  Franciscan  and 
member  of  Troop  3,  one  of  Chinatowns 
units  of  the  Boy  Scouts  of  America.  At 
present  he  is  a  resident  of  Canton. 
George  was  one  of  China's  representa- 
tives at  the  International  Conference, 
which  was  conducted  under  the  auspices 
of    the     World's    Committee     of    Young 


SAMPAN  AND  CARAVAN 


SHIPS  ARRIVALS 

Among  the  first  class  passengers  arri- 
ving from  the  Orient  last  week  aboard 
the  S.  S.  Hoover  was  Mr.  Sewai  Wong, 
who  is  one  of  the  principal  stockholders 
of  "Wing  Lee  Wai",  liquor  distillers  in 
China. 

Other  passengers  included  Miss  Foo 
Sui;  Mr.  Chiao  Tsu-kwang,  Mr.  Chin 
Chang  Chien,  and  Mr.  Hue  Gan  Foo. 

Enroute  from  China  to  Paris,  France, 
via  San  Francisco  was  Mr.  Huang  Kuo 
Su,  naval  investigator  for  the  Chinese 
government. 

•  • 

YUNNAN-BURMA  HIGHWAY 
TO  BE  BUILT 

Tentative  plans  for  the  construction 
of  a  motor-road  linking  Yunnan  with 
Burma  are  being  discussed  between 
Tseng  Yang-fu  and  high  provincial 
authorites. 

Mr.  Tseng  is  the  Chekiang  Reconstruc- 
tion Commissioner  and  special  highway 
superintendent  for  Hunan,  Hupeh,  Sze- 
chwan  and  Kweichow,  and  had  been 
supervising  highway  construction  work 
in   Yunnan. 

It  is  learned  that  a  survey  corps  will 
shortly  be  organized  to  select  a  suitable 
route  for  the  projected  Yunnan-Burma 
highway.  Construction  funds  for  the 
highway,  it  was  planned,  will  be  appro- 
priated by   the  Central  Government. 


NANCHANG-YUSHAN  LINE 
TO  BE  COMPLETED  SOON 

The  Nanchang-Yushan  section  of  the 
Chekiang-Kiangsi  Railway  will  be  com- 
pleted soon  with  the  north  station  at 
Nanchang  being  under  process  of  con- 
struction. Traffic  on  the  new  line  will 
be  opened  at  the  end  of  the  year. 

The  second  section,  Nanchang  to 
Pinghsiang,  on  the  Hunan  border,  will 
complete  its  survey   in  two   months. 

The  section  of  the  Kiangsi-Fukien 
line  from  Shangjao  to  Foochow  has 
been  surveyed.  As  soon  as  funds  are 
available,  the  construction  of  the  road- 
bed will  start. 


CHINA  MAIL 

Ships  arriving  from    China: 

President  Jefferson  (Seattle)  Dec. 
10;  President  Pierce  (San  Francisco) 
Dec.  10;  President  Coolidge  (San 
Francisco)  Dec.  18;  President  Jack- 
son (Seattle)  Dec.  24;  President  Wil- 
son   (San   Francisco)    Jan.  7. 

Ships  leaving   for  China: 

President  Johnson  (San  Fran- 
cisco) Dec.  6;  President  Lincoln 
(San  Francisco)  Dec.  13;  President 
Monroe  (San  Francisco)  Dec.  20; 
President  Coolidge  (San  Francisco) 
Dec.  27. 


THE  THOUGHTFUL  GIFT 

Are  you  wondering  what  you  will  give  HIM,  HER  or  THEM 
for  Christmas?  Then,  may  we  suggest  a  gift  which  will  not  only 
give  the  recipient  a  wealth  of  enjoyable  reading,  but  also  serve  as 
a  weekly  reminder  of  YOU  throughout  the  year? 

It  will  be  educational,  stimulating,  and  chock  full  of  every- 
day news  of  interest, 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  THE  Thoughtful  Gift. 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Enclosed   please  find  the   sum    of (dollars)    for 

which    send   your   special    gift   offer    for   eight    months'   sub- 
scription to 

ADDRESS    - - - 

CITY  ___ — -.- -  STATE 

SENDERS  NAME 

ADDRESS _ 

CITY  STATE  

NAME       - -- -- 

ADDRESS     ...- _.. _ 

CITY -- STATE  

SENDER'S   NAME  -_ _.. _ _. 

ADDRESS    _ 

CITY  STATE 

With  the  first  issue  of  each  gift  offer  the  CHINESE  DIGEST  will  enclose  a 
Christmas  card  with  the  name  of  the  sender.    This  offer  expires  December  20. 


Page   16 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


November  29,    1935 


ROOS 


ROOS   "STOVER" 

A    Hot    Number    for    every    day    in 
the  year     .    .     .    Light  as  the  song  in 
your  heart;   warm  as  the 
glow  of  a  hearth ^^Jm 


Roo^Broa 


MARKET   *T   STOCKTOM 


v-^ 


^ 


CVHU£S£ 

Digest 


Vol.    1,  No.  4 


££6i  '9  aagwaoaa 


Five   Cents 


NORTH  CHINA  IN  DEADLOCK 


By  Tsu  Pan 


The  North  China  situation  seemed  to   be 
at  a  deadlock  last  week. 

Aggressive    attitude    on    the    part    of    the 
Japanese  army  in  North  China  was  manifested 
as  more  trainloads  of  Japanese  soldiers  poured 
in  from  Manchuria.     In  Tientsin  the  Japanese 
are  building  a  huge  airdrome,  and  after  com- 
pletion, 50  airplanes  will  arrive  for  maneuvers, 
it    is    reported.      Army    patrol,    armored    cars, 
T^il     and  tanks  come  out  from  their  barracks  every 
I   II     day,  parading  in  the  city  to  show  the  impres- 
siveness   of  the   Mikado's   might  to  the   native 
population.     Two  Japanese  navy  fleets  weighed  anchors 
at  Tangku,   gateway   to  the  port  of  Tientsin.  Japanese 
troops  also  occupied  important  railway  junctions  along 
the   Peiping-Tientsin   railway    line,   to   prevent   Chinese 
troops  from  any  northern  movement.  The  Japanese  also 
guarded  the  post  office,  exercising  strict  censorship  of 
mail.      The   Tientsin-Peiping  area   was,   therefore,  vir- 
tually in  the  control  of  the  Japanese  army. 
Chinese  Protest 
In  Nanking,  the  Chinese  foreign  office  bombarded 
the  Japanese    Embassy    with    a  storm   of   protests.      It 
openly   indicted   the  Japanese   army    with   "conniving" 
the  separatist  movement  in  North  China.     Such  move- 
ment generated  by  disgruntled  Chinese  elements  in  con- 
nivance with  the  Japanese  troops  was  contrary  to  popu- 
lar desire  and  to  Sino-Japanese  amity.     Notes  of  this 
nature  were   sent  to  the  Jc.^ne-,?  Embassy   three  times 
in  two    days,    the  last  one   being   sent   when  Japanese 
soldiers  took  Fengtai,  a  railway  station  east  of  Peiping. 
At  the  same  time,  the  Japanese  foreign  office  also  ad- 
dressed identical   notes  to  all  embassies  and   legations 
in  China  denouncing  the  autonomous  regime  set  up  by 
Yin  Yu-keng  in  the  North  China  demilitarized  zone. 
Japanese  Unconcerned 
The  Japanese  diplomats  were  apparently  not  much 
concerned  with  these  protests.     They  asserted  that  the 
movement  for   autonomy  in  North  China  was   entirely 
a    spontaneous    Chinese   movement.      It    is    "preposter- 
ous," they  say,  that  the  Japanese  army  could  be  in  con- 
nivance with  the  local  people. 

General  Chiang  Kai-shek  had  sent  Dr.  C.  T.  Wang, 
China's  foremost  veteran  diplomat,  to  Japan  to  discuss 
the  North  China  situation  with  Japanese  Minister  or 
Foreign    Affairs    Hirota.      In    an    interview,    Minister 


Hirota  told  Dr.  Wang  that  Japan  wishes  to  deal  with 
China  on  three  fundamental  principles,  namely:  first, 
cooperation  between  China,  Japan  and  "Manchukuo"; 
second,  suppressing  communist  and  anti-Japanese 
movements  in  entire  China;  and  third,  reconsideration 
of  the  silver  policy  by  the  Nanking  government.  The 
same  desires  were  reiterated  by  Japanese  Ambassador 
Ariyoshi  to   General   Chiang  Kai-shek  at  Nanking. 

Conference  Summoned 

Subsequent  to  these  conversations,  General  Chiang 
Kai-shek  appointed  General  Ho  Yin-ching,  minister 
of  war,  to  leave  for  Peiping.  He  is  to  summon  the  North 
China  military  leaders  to  a  conference  to  decide  on 
new  policies.  Well  informed  circles  intimated  that  in 
order  to  maintain  China's  sovereignty  over  North 
China,  General  Chiang  must,  under  the  circumstances, 
make  some  concessions  to  the  Japanese.  The  possible 
outcome,  it  was  predicted,  may  be  in  the  form  of  a 
reorganization  of  the  North  China  government,  to 
delegate  the  central  government's  authority  on  mone- 
tary issues  to  each  province,  and  have  them  make  suit- 
able arrangements  with  Nanking  regarding  China's 
silver  policy. 

•  • 

YIN  YU-KENG  ASSASSINATED 

From  China  comes  the  report  of  the  assassination  of 
Yin  Yu-keng,  head  of  the  "Council  of  Nine",  govern- 
ing body  of  the  recently  proclaimed  autonomous  State 
of  North  Hopei.  It  had  been  the  contention  of  knowing 
observers  that  the  new  autonomous  state  was  not  the 
result  of  popular  approval  of  the  citizens  of  the  pro- 
vinces affected — rather,  it  was  the  result  of  a  Japanese 
expansionist  movement  that  partially  succeeded. 

Yin  Yu-keng,  who  up  to  the  time  had  been  Com- 
missioner of  Political  Affairs  in  the  North  China  Demil- 
itarized Zone,  found  himself  caught  in  his  own  schem- 
ing, states  the  report. 

Protests  sprang  from  every  source,  notably  from 
such  leaders  as  Dr.  Hu  Shih,  often-times  called  China's 
foremost  thinker.  Yin  was  besieged  in  his  residence  in 
Tungchow  by  an  angry  mob  demanding,  among  other 
things,  that  they  be  given  tax  relief.  Yin  resorted  to 
disguise  to  escape  this  hazardous  situation,  only  to 
lose  his  life  soon  after. 


Page  2 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  6,  1935 


FAR     EAST 


Model  Prisons   in    China 

One  of  the  features  that  distinguish 
prison  reforms  in  China  is  the  construc- 
tion of  model  prisons  throughout  the 
country.  Many  of  these  modern  jails  in 
the  cities  are  high,  spacious  buildings  in 
which  rooming  and  management  of  the 
prisoners  are  along  scientific  lines.  From 
the  beginning  of  their  confinement  to 
the  time  of  their  release,  the  prisoners 
are  well  taken  care  of,  and  given  the 
necessary  training  for  the  maintenance 
of  their  future  livelihood.  They  are 
taught  to  read,  write  and  do  mathema- 
tical work.  They  are  taught  spinning, 
type-setting,  wood- work  and  many  other 
kinds  of  handicraft.  These  prisons  also 
contain  infirmaries  well  equipped  with 
medical  provisions  to  look  after  the 
cleanliness  and    health   of   their    inmates. 

The  products  of  the  prisoners  from 
the  various  model  prisons  were  recently 
put  on  exhibition  in  Nanking.  The  ex- 
cellent work  favorably  impressed  the 
public  with  the  efficient  service  of  these 
prisons  in  transforming  prisoners  into 
useful  citizens  for  the  future. 

Four  Year    Plan 
for    Kwangrung 

Canton,  Kwangtung —  Due  to  the 
great  number  of  children  throughout 
this  province  between  the  ages  of  6  and 
16-  who  are  without  means  of  receiving 
an  elementary  education,  the  provincial 
Bureau  of  Education  has  recently  laun- 
ched a  four-year  plan  whereby,  at  the 
end  of  that  period,  enough  schools  will 
be  built   to   accommodate   these   children. 

A  recent  tabulation  of  statistics  ap- 
prised the  Bureau  that  approximately 
1,500,000  children  between  the  age  of 
3  and  16  were  in  elementary  schools,  but 
that  the  number  of  children  of  the  same 
ages  who  were  not  in  schools  or  did  not 
have  any  schools  which  they  may  at- 
tend, approached  the  staggering  figure 
of  2,500,000. 

Faced  with  an  educational  problem 
which  required  long  planning  as  well  as 
adequate  financing,  the  Bureau  devised 
a  four-year  plan  to  build  about  30,000 
school    houses    throughout    the   province. 

A  large  sum  from  the  provincial  trea- 
sury has  been  earmarked  for  this  pur- 
pose. Many  new  school  houses  in  rural 
districts  have  been  built.  Meanwhile, 
hundreds  of  extension  classes  have  been 
created  to  absorb  a  small  percentage  of 
these  children. 


FLOOD    RELIEF 
IN  CHINA 

'JLhe  rising  of  the  Yangtze  River  and 
the  Xeilow  Kiver  has  again  put  China  in 
the  throes  of  floods.  The  situation  has 
seriously  affected  about  50  districts  in 
several  provinces,  of  which  Hupeh  and 
Shantung  present  the  worst  scenes  of 
disaster.  In  the  Yellow  River  Valley 
5,500,000  people  were  left  homeless, 
and  damage  to  property  already  runs 
into  the  hundreds  of  millions.  The 
National  Government  promptly  started 
relief  and  preventive  measures  to  fight 
this   huge   flood  menace. 

The  cooperation  of  provincial  author- 
ities and  the  National  Flood  Relief 
Commission  has  enabled  large-scale 
work  to  be  done  in  stopping  breaches  in 
dikes,  strengthening  embankments  and 
transporting  refugees  out  of  the  flooded 
areas.  Temporary  shelters  are  being  built 
and  supplies  of  food  and  clothing  are 
being  rushed  to  places  where  flood  vic- 
tims  are  gathered. 

The  public  spirit  of  the  people  has 
risen  to  the  occasion  with  the  formation 
in  Nanking  and  other  cities  of  relief 
organizations.  The  Chinese  boy  and  girl 
scouts,  in  particular,  are  busy  soliciting 
contributions  of  winter  clothes  for  the 
flood   sufferers. 

•  • 

AIR  HEROES 
HONORED 

Chengtu,  China —  A  memorable  ser- 
vice in  honor  of  all  aviators  who  were 
killed  in  action  within  the  last  ten  years 
in  China's  fight  to  eradicate  the  coun- 
try's communists,  was  held  here  recently. 
The  service  was  held  in  a  public  park, 
conducted  by  officials  of  the  government, 
and  was  attended  by  over  10,000   people. 

Although  no  official  figures  have  been 
released  regarding  the  number  of  avia- 
tors who  have  died  for  this  cause,  the 
number  was  estimated  to  be  close  to 
1,500.  These  air  fighters  played  a  heroic 
and  decisive  part  in  China's  fight 
against  communists,  and  those  who  wit- 
nessed the  commemoration  ceremonies 
here  did  not   forget. 

Before  the  service,  a  dozen  planes 
dropped  circulars   from   the  sky. 

•  • 

Shensi  has  made  much  headway 
in  highway  construction  during  the 
oast  five  years.  When  the  8  trunk 
highways  are  completed,  she  will 
have  a  total  of  2495  miles  of  roads. 


China  Press 
Exhibit   Planned 

Hankow,  China —  A  press  exhibit  in 
which  all  the  newspapers,  magazines, 
children's  educational  publications,  pic- 
torial as  well  as  textual,  and  all  allied 
printing  matter  now  being  published  in 
the  country,  will  be  open  to  the  public 
beginning  Jan.   1,  1936. 

This  educational  exhibition  was 
planned  by  several  prominent  members 
of  the  Kuomintang  of  this  city  with  the 
intention  of  educating  the  people  to 
read  more  by  showing  them  the  valuable 
knowledge  to  be  obtained  through  the 
printed  page. 

Discussions  of  journalism  and  the 
newspaper  business  in  China  today  will 
form  a  part  of  the  program  of  this  com- 
ing press  exhibit. 


Chinese  Textile  Exhibit  to   Open 

Imperial  robes  as  worn  by  Emperors 
and  Mandarins,  as  well  as  rare  palace 
rugs  and  chair  covers,  k'o  szu  tapestries, 
brocades  or  damascus,  and  embroideries 
will  be  on  exhibit  at  the  San  Francisco 
Museum  of  Art,  from  December  6  to 
January   15. 

This  exhibit,  the  private  collection  of 
Mr.  William  Edward  Colby,  represents 
years  of  discriminating  collecting  of  the 
finest  Oriental  textiles  covering  many- 
dynasties.  Especially  noteworthy  will  be 
the  early  k'o  szu  tapestry,  the  almost 
microscopic  embroidery  stitches,  and  the 
full  laced,  five  clawed  dragons  first  in 
vogue  among  the  royalties  during  the 
Ming  dynasty.  The  brocades  bring  to 
us  the  refined  taste  of  the  Sungs,  whose 
subtle  and  graceful  designs  make  all 
other  Oriental  patterns  barbaric  by  com- 
parison. 


The 

GOLDEN  STAR  RADIO 
COMPANY 

RCA  .  PHILCO  .  WESTONE 

LOWEST   REPAIR    PRICES 

CONSISTENT  WITH 

QUALITY  WORK 

TIME  PAYMENTS 

846  Clay  St.  CHina  2322 

San  Francisco,  California 


^   *. 


^    ^   ^   ^   *. 


December  6,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  3 


CINEMA    COMPANY     ORGANIZED 

A  new  local  Chinese  corporate  busi- 
ness venture,  the  Kvvong  Ngai  Talking 
Picture  Company,  was  recently  estab- 
lished. Although  several  ventures  in  this 
field  have  failed  in  the  past  six  or  seven 
years,  the  new  company  seems  un- 
daunted and  are  willing  to  invest  a  large 
amount   into  this  business. 

The  Kwong  Ngai  Company  has  al- 
ready employed  several  Chinese  stage 
stars  from  the  Mandarin  Theatre,  in- 
cluding others  who  show  acting  ability. 
The  "shooting"  of  the  company's  first 
picture,  tentatively  entitled  "Heart- 
aches" has  begun.  The  lead  in  this  pic- 
ture is  being  played  by  Miss  Wei  Gim 
Fong,  one  of  the  star  actresses  of  the 
Mandarin  Theatre. 

After  taking  many  preliminary  scenes 
in  Chinatown,  the  troupe  left  for  Holly- 
wood recently,  where  they  hope  to  fin- 
ish filming  the  story. 

•  • 

The  Chinese  Young  People  Union 
Fellowship  combined  their  regular 
monthly  meeting  with  a  dinner  and  so- 
cial at  the  Chinese  Baptist  Church  last 
Sunday,  with  Ira  Lee  as  chairman.  This 
combination  proved  highly  successful, 
as  there  were  over  70  who  attended  the 
dinner  served  by  Lew  Way,  and  many 
who  came  afterwards  for  the  service.  The 
speaker  for  the  evening  was  Mr.  Alden 
Smith,  who  gave  an  interesting  chron- 
ological account  of  his  trip  to  Europe, 
including  the  Oxford  and  Prague  con- 
ventions. He  stated  that  the  Oxford 
movement  is  based  on  four  absolutes: 
absolute  honesty,  absolute  unselfishness, 
absolute  purity,  and  absolute  love.  The 
social  hour  followed  immediatelv  after. 
Elmer  Lee  led  the  group  in  several  games. 

•  • 

Mr.  Victor  Kwong,  secretary  at  the 
Chinese  Consulate,  addressed  the  Men's 
Club  of  the  First  Unitarian  Church,  at 
Geary  and  Franklin  Streets,  Thursday, 
December  5.  His  subject  was,  "Some 
Observations    on    Present-Day   China." 

•  • 

Patricia  Gaye  Lum  was  born  at  the 
Franklin  Hospital  on  Nov.  23.  Mother 
and  daughter  are  both  doing  well. 

George  C.  Lum,  Jr.,  the  new  dad,  is 
wearing    a    larger    sized    hat    these    days. 


The  ROOS  Label  adds  value  to  the  Gift 

NEW 
TIIO*  HEATH  SUITS 

For  the  Holidays  Are  Here 


Rare  woolens,  superbly  fashioned  and  hand- 
needled  into  Holiday  suits  for  gentlemen  of 
discrimination!    •    Coats    for    winter   are    of 
greater  length,  whether  of  single  or  double- 
breasted  style.  •  Fabrics  are  patternful,  in  a 
modestly   distinctive   manner.     And,    as    you 
have  come  to  expect  in  Thos.  Heath  Clothes, 
each  cut  has   that  authenticity  of  smartness 
that  comes   with  personal  supervision, 
much  handwork  and  everlasting 
fussing  with  details. 


£50  £65 


£85 


RooaBroa 


SAN  FRANCISCO   •   OAKLAND   •   HOLLYWOOD  •   BERKELEY 
FRESNO  •  SAN  JOSE  •  PALO  \LTO 


Page  4 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  6,  1935 


CHINATOWNIA 


U.    C.    Professors 
to   Lecture 

At  a  banquet  held  last  week  at  Yuen 
Tung  Low,  the  following  were  elected 
temporary  committee  officers  with  the 
idea  of  inviting  a  number  of  University 
of  California  professors  to  Chinatown 
for  a  series  of  lectures:  Hayne  Hall, 
president;  Frances  Moon,  vice  president; 
James  R.  Lee,  secretary;  and  Daisy  K. 
Wong,   treasurer. 

The  alumni  are  desirous  of  keeping  in 
touch  with  campus  activities,  as  well  as 
to  know  the  latest  that  is  going  on  in  the 
scientific,  social,  economic  and  political 
world.  The  series  of  addresses  is  to  be 
planned  especially  for  college  graduates 
who  are  too  busy  to  devote  valuable  time 
to  research  but  who  want  to  be  in  con- 
stant    touch    with    the    academic    world. 

Among  those  present  were  Bob  Mason 
and  Bruce  Thomas,  representing  Bob 
Sibley  of  the  California  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation. 

•  • 

CHINATOWN  HAS  AQUARIUM 

Chinatown  has  its  own  aquarium  of 
tropical  fish.  A  great  many  species  were 
brought  here  from  Honolulu,  Singapore 
and  other  parts  of  the  world.  The  name 
of  the  store,  "Gee  Gong",  (Large  Lake) 
is  located  at  838  Jackson  St.  Visitors 
are  welcome  at  all  times. 

•  • 
ROBERT  LOWE  DIES 

Robert  Lowe,  a  well  known  young  man 
of  this  city,  passed  away  last  week 
at  a  Bakersfield  sanitorium.  His  body 
was  shipped  back  to  this  city  for  funeral 
services  which  was  held  last  Monday, 
December  2. 

Robert  was  a  graduate  of  Polytechnic 
High  School,  where  he  was  an  honor 
student.  He  also  studied  at  Cal.  Tech. 
Prior  to  his  sickness,  he  was  a  designer 
at  a  well  known  clothing  factory. 

•  • 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  GOAL  REACHED 
The  Annual  Membership  Drive  of  the 
Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  went  over  the  top 
last  week,  the  drive  being  concluded  on 
Wednesday.  Final  results  are  not  yet 
available  for  publication,  as  reports  are 
still  being  turned  in.  However,  T.  Y. 
Tang,  executive  secretary,  reported  that 
the  drive  is  well  over  the  quota  of  $1500. 

•  • 

News  from  the  various  clubs  and  or- 
ganizations of  interest  to  the  public  will 
be  welcome.  Address  the  Chinese  Digest. 


Square  and  Circle 
Tenth   Chest   Raffle 

For  the  tenth  successive  year,  the 
Square  and  Circle  Club  will  hold  its 
annual  Hope  Chest  Raffle.  The  proceeds 
of  this  project  go  towards  a  revolving 
loan  fund  from  which  worthy  girls  may 
borrow  for  educational,  health  and 
other    emergency  purposes. 

The  winning  ticket  for  the  carved 
camphor  wood  chest,  filled  to  capacity 
with  lovely  hand-embroidered  articles  by 
members  of  the  organization,  will  be 
drawn  at  a  dance  at  the  Chinese  Y.  W. 
C.  A.  on  Dec.  7.  The  chest  is  now  on 
display  at  Jing  Loy  Co.  There  will  also 
be   second  and  third  prizes. 

YOUNG  CHINA  DANCES  NOW 

If  more  concrete  evidence  is  needed 
to  show  Chinatown's  honorable  elders 
and  all  those  who  are  interested  in  its 
social  changes,  that  its  populace  has 
gone  100  percent  American  in  their 
ideas,  fads,  and  habits,  this  latest  mani- 
festation of  its  modernism  will  be  of 
considerable   interest: 

Four  members  of  the  "Pear  Or- 
chard"—  China's  flowery  phrase  identi- 
fying artists  of  the  drama —  who  are 
with  the  Mandarin  Theatre  troupe,  have 
taken  up  American  ballroom  dancing. 
Under  the  direction  of  Miss  Nellie 
Tong,  the  Misses  Lee  Yuk  Lin  and  Siu 
Shue  Moy,  and  the  Messrs.  Wong  Ka 
Lung  and  Chin  Shu  Hip  are  learning 
the   newest   steps   in  waltz  and   fox   trot. 

To  these  enthusiastic  tyros  of  western 
dance  it  must  afford  a  great  deal  of  fun, 
and  not  a  little  relief,  also,  to  be  able  to 
use  their  feet  in  a  natural,  graceful  man- 
ner instead  of  the  studied,  robot  move- 
ments of  our  ancient  dances  which 
Chinese  actors  and  actresses  have  prac- 
ticed for  many  centuries. 

The  new  fancy  for  American  dancing 
mav  not  infuse  new  life  into  the  slowly 
ebbmg  popularity  of  Chinese  opera,  but 
at  least  these  performers  of  the  Chinese 
stage   are  keeping  in  step   with  the  times. 

While  playing  on  the  roof,  little  Bob- 
bv  Wong,  three  year  old  son  of  Mrs. 
Grace  Wong  of  Salinas,  accidentally  fell 
off  the  skylight  25  feet  to  the  ground, 
severely  injuring  his  arm.  At  the  time  of 
the  accident,  Bobby  was  staying  with  his 
aunt  at  243  Joyce  St.,  San  Francisco. 
Immediately  after  she  was  notified,  Mrs. 
Wong  rushed  here  from  Salinas.  Bobby 
is    under   the    care    of    Dr.    C.    M.    Chow. 


P00-P00 

By  Bob  Poon 


Miss  Grace  Chew  came  to  the  Barn 
Dance  dressed  as  a  farmerette,  braids, 
straw  hat  and  all,  in  keeping  with  the 
theme.  She  was  persuaded  not  to  go 
home  and  change,  as  it  did  our  hearts 
good  to  know  that  someone  was  in  the 
spirit  of  the  affair.  Miss  Chew  is  a  new- 
comer to  our  fair  city,  otherwise,  she 
would  know  that  most  of  the  people  do 
not  take  the  bother  to  be  in  costume, 
much  to  our  regret. 

Quite  a  number  of  persons  remarked 
that  it  was  not  necessary  to  dance.  You 
merely  hold  your  partner  and  the  next 
thing  you  know,  you  are  milling  with 
the  crowd. 

•  • 

There  were  two  persons  at  the  barn 
dance  that  gave  the  folks  a  ripping 
good  time.  Mr.  or  should  I  say  Miss 
Henry-etta  Lum  and  myself.  The  differ- 
ence is  that  I  lost  my  shirt  whereas 
Henry-etta  lost  her  dress.  It  could 
be  said  that  we  gave  the  clothing  off  our 
backs  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  folks. 
(P.  S.  Henry's  costume  was  supposed  to 
represent  a  Milk  Maid.  I  don't  know 
whether  his  job  had  anything  to  do  with 
the  decision  of  the  costume) . 

There  were  only  a  few  farmers  at  the 
dance;  the  others  were  mostly  drug 
store  cowboys.  Always  with  an  eye  for 
business,  Harry  Mew  told  me  they  have 
a  complete  stock  of   shirts  at   his  store. 

•  • 

Thomas  Dare,  an  enthusiastic  tennis 
player,  was  a  "hot"  player  Thursday 
afternoon.  So  "hot",  in  fact,  that  his 
coat  caught  on  fire.  One  young  fellow 
assisted  Tommy  in  extinguishing  the  fire. 
He  showed  promise  of  being  a  good  fire- 
man when  he  becomes  of  age.  This  lad, 
seeing  the  fire,  rushed  quickly  to  the 
fountain,  took  a  big  mouthful,  ran  back 
and  played  the  stream  on  Dare's  coat. 

•  • 

In  my  hurry  to  go  home  I  left  my 
book  near  my  locker.  When  I  went  back 
for  it,  I  met  Jack  Young.  He  said  that 
it  was  lucky  that  I  had  left  my  book 
near  the  locker  and  not  on  the  counter. 
He  explained  that  a  friend  had  left  his 
Chinese  Digest  on  the  counter,  and  when 
he  remembered,  came  back  looking  for 
it.  He  found  it.  all  right,  but  do  vou 
know  what  happened?  A  zealous  "Y" 
worker  had  stamped  the  "Y"  all  over 
his  magazine  ! 


December  6,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  5 


CHINATOWNIA 


PORTLAND  NEWS 

On  Nov.  23,  the  Chungwah  Girls' 
Basketball  Team  played,  a  benefit  game 
■  against  the  Manley  Acettes  on  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  floor.  The  veteran  players  on  the 
Chungwah  team  rolled  up  a  score  of 
35  to  2  at  the  end  of  the  last  quarter. 
A  capacity  crowd  witnessed  this  thrilling 
game,  admiring  both  the  Chungwah's 
team  work  and  the  fight  in  the  opposing 
team  in  the  face  of  overwhelming  odds. 
This  is  the  second  benefit  game 
played,  and  the  proceeds  go  towards 
purchasing  rice  for  the  aged  Chinese  of 
the  community.  Last  year  the  club  was 
able  to  contribute  one  ton  of  rice.  This 
year  the  Chinese  Girls  Club  with  the 
cooperation  of  the  Chungwah  team  hope 
to  equal   the   previous  amount  given. 

•  • 

The  Wah  Kiang  Club's  basketball 
team  is  well  under  way  getting  into  trim 
in  defence  of  their  title  as  champions  of 
the  House  League  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
Last  year  the  team,  then  known  as  the 
Chinese  Eagles,  fought  hard  to  win  the 
coveted  placque.  This  year  they  are  out 
to  retain  their  title  and  win  another 
placque. 

The  club  is  now  sponsoring  a  raffle 
in  hopes  of  swelling  the  treasury  where- 
by it  may  purchase  new  suits  for  the 
team.  Raffle  prizes  are  to  be  imported 
Chinese    potteries    and    curios. 

•  • 

The  Inter-club  Council  of  the  Girl 
Reserves  of  Portland  held  its  annual 
fall  dance  at  the  Laurelhurst  Club  on 
Nov.  29.  Many  of  the  younger  Chinese 
attended  this  affair.  Dorothy  and  James 
Moe  showed  their  terpsichorean  ability 
by    capturing   the  prize  dance. 

•  • 

Jacqueline  Wong,  a  student  majoring 
in  music  at  the  U.  of  O.,  and  Jack  Wong 
from  the  U.  of  W.  were  home  for  the 
Thanksgiving  holidays.  Jack  was  a  form- 
er student  of  the  Lingnan  University  in 
Canton,  but  returned  to  the  States  for 
his   degree. 

•  • 

Henry  Wu  writes  from  Peiping, 
China,  that  he  is  enjoying  it  immensely 
back  there.  Henry,  a  graduate  of  Reed 
College  is  now  studying  at  the  Peiping 
Union  Medical  College.  He  is  remem- 
bered as  a  high  ranking  tennis  player 
of  Reed  College. 


Mei  Wah 
Dance  Success 


FIRECRACKERS 


Mei  Wah  Club  transformed  the  Y.  W. 
C  A.  gym  into  a  farm  house  for  their 
dance  on  Nov.  30.  The  decorations 
which  were  sketched  by  Wahso  Chan 
composed  of  barnyard  fowls  and  ani- 
mals. 

One  of  the  high  spots  of  the  evening 
was  the  singing  during  intermissions  by 
Ruby  Annette  Poo  of  Marysville.  Best 
costumes  of  the  evening  were  those  of 
Esther  Tom  as  a  milkmaid,  and  Tony 
Chew  as  an  old,   near-sighted  farmer. 

Winners  of  door  prizes  were:  M.  F. 
Wong,  Edward  Gee,  Bill  Chinn,  Francis 
Louie,  and   William  Won. 

Chairman  for  the  evening  was  Vice 
President  Peony  D.  Wong,  Lily  Leong 
was  in  charge  of  refreshments,  and 
Mrs.  Wahso  Chan,  decorations. 

•  • 

ONE  BY  ONE  CLUB  GROWS 

An  intensive  seven-month  period  of 
personal  evangelism  resulted  in  the  ad- 
dition of  almost  40  new  members  to  the 
One  By  One  Club,  the  young  people's 
group  of  the  Chinese  Presbyterian 
Ch'irch. 

In  a  social  program  at  the  church  on 
Thanksgiving  Eve,  prizes  were  awarded 
the  winners  of  the  drive:  Mrs.  Benjamin 
Chung,  Miss  Flora  Hubbard,  Peter 
Tom.  and  Steohen  Yee.  Miss  Bettv  Hu, 
B°thel  evangelist  from  Shanghai,  China, 
gave  a  talk  on  winning  people  "one  by 
one".  Son^s,  special  musical  numbers, 
and  refreshments  added  to  the  enjoy- 
ment of  tho'e  present. 

•  • 

Lee  Quon,  35,  of  Tracy,  California, 
was  run  over  and  killed  on  the  Tracy 
hi^hwav  a  few  davs  ago  bv  an  automo- 
bile, after  State  officers  had  warned  him 
not  to  walk  on  the  highwav.  L»°  fai'"n 
rr>  \yoA  thp  warning,  and  walked  direct'v 
into  *k~  nafh  of  a"  oncoming  car  in  the 
fog.  it  w*   rpnort°d. 

•  • 
cxcdxjcisj   POND   ILL 

F-ionrl'  ~f  c„.-,t,„.-,  Po'->^  an-  sorrv  to 
f^o-r  rhat  t>»  i«  '"  rh»  San  Fra.noisco  Hos- 
r>it-fl!    wi-U    f.«««"trio«ia..    Thev    hope    that 


tomb's    BAZAAR 

TOYS   -    NOTIONS   -    ICF  CPFAM   - 
CANDY  -  CONFECTIONS 

1100  Powell  Street 
San  Francisco  -  California 


This  column  is  conducted  for 
the  benefit  of  our  readers,  under 
which  they  may  submit  suggestions 
and  comments  on  any  and  all 
topics  pertaining  to  the  Chinese 
people  or  country. 


New  Orleans,  La. 
November    29,    1935 
Dear  Editor: 

I  have  just  finished  reading  my  copy 
of  the  Chinese  Digest.  I  wonder  if  you 
will  accept  a  bouquet  from  the  Land  of 
Magnolias?  I  recently  returned  from  a 
visit  to  the  Golden  Gate;  while  there  I 
made  the  Lantern  Tour,  and  at  last 
found  myself  in  San  Francisco's  China- 
town. I  say  "at  last"  because  as  a  tot 
that  was  my  cardinal  ambition,  but  my 
good  parents  warned  me  in  whispers  that 
"The  Chinese  eat  nice  little  girls".  I  was 
not  discouraged.  I  vowed  that  I  would 
run  away,  and  secretly  prayed  to  be  ab- 
ducted like  the  heroines  in  fiction.  A 
few  months  ago  I  found  myself  traveling 
to  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  my  ambition. 

....  I  stood  in  the  temples  and  mar- 
veled at  the  workmanship  and  the 
beauty,  and  the  culture  of  a  civilization 
much  older   than  our   own. 

I  heard  the  voice  of  Confucius,  and 
was  touched  by  the  greatness  of  a  creed 
actually  lived  up  to.  And  I  felt  the  lure 
of  the  bazaars.  I  smiled,  and  found  the 
smile  returned. 

I  grew  to  know  the  girls  and  boys,  to 
entertain  them,  and  be  entertained  by 
them.  Nightly  I  strolled  through  China- 
town, and  felt  safer  than  I  might  have 
been  at  home. 

I  witnessed  the  intellectual  side,  the 
moral  and  the  domestic  side,  where 
young  boys  and  girls  play  games,  sing, 
dance,  and  make  merry  without  having 
to  resort  to  an  automobile  parked  by  the 
roadside! 

I  found  genuine  sympathy  and  friend- 
ship, and  I  also  learned  that  I  had  grown 
to  admire  and  love  the  Chinese  people. 
....  I  take  my  hat  off  to  it  (China- 
town), mav  the  modern  trend  never  de- 
strov  what  it  personifies. 

The  Chinese  Digest  is  a  splendid 
oapor.  with  a  mission  to  perform.  May 
it  continue  to  grow  like  the  humble 
acorn   m  =•   rnio-htv  oak. 

A*  a  si'hsot-.'Sof  I  wil[  deem  it  an  honor 
;f  „~.,  ->-- >  ^m<>  tn  publish  this  little  tri- 
(v  —  f-om  far  away  "Dixie"  in  your 
columns. 

Alma   L.    Hascall. 


Page  6 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  6,  1935 


WINGS    TO     CHINA 

Story  of  the  Development  of  the  Great  Aviation   Project,  the  Crossing 
of  the  Pacific  By  Aeroplane  and  the  Linking  of  China  with  the  United  States 


America  has  swung  into  action  an  air- 
way to  the  Orient — a  9,000-mile  aerial 
trade  route  across  the  vast  Pacific  Ocean 
that  bids  fair  to  affect  the  course  of  world 
affairs  by  changing,  from  twenty-eight  days 
to  sixty  brief  flying  hours,  the  interval  be- 
tween the  Western  World  and  the  far-off 
Orient;  that  will  give  American  commerce 
a  high  road  to  the  billion-dollar  markets 
of  the  teeming  East,  and  make  neighbors 
of  peoples  half  the  world  apart. 

This  is  the  third  article  which  tells, 
for  the  first  time,  of  the  remarable  organi- 
zation and  planning  behind  this  ocean- 
bridging  airway;  of  its  pioneering;  the 
ships  and  men  that  are  to  be  geared  to  the 
task;  what  the  service  is  to  be,  and  some 
of  the  effects  of  this  new,  dynamic  link 
between  the  hemispheres. 


By  WILLIAM  VAN  DUSEN 

In  accompanying  articles  we  have 
traced  the  four  years  of  effort,  the 
#4,000,000  of  resources  that  have  gone 
into  the  making  of  this  great  9,000-mile 
bridge  for  American  commerce  and  Am- 
erican   travelers. 

Here  let  us  summarize  the  descriptive 
features  of    the  accomplished   task. 

The  first  of  the  giant  flying-boats  used 
for  the  actual  scheduled  operations  has 
completed  the  first  successful  mail-carry- 
ing flight  to  Manila.  Two  of  its  sister 
ships  stand  ready  to  follow  soon  in  the 
wake   of    the    first. 

Largest  Planes  Ever  Built 
Great  all-metal  high-wing  monoplanes, 
these  three  twentieth  century  "Clippers" 
are  larger  than  any  airplanes  ever  built 
in  America.  With  a  ton  of  mail  or  ex- 
press cargo  they  can  cruise  4,000  miles 
non-stop  at  a  speed  of  over  150  miles 
an  hour.  They  can  make  the  longest 
stage  of  the  new  trans-Pacific  route, 
2,410  miles  with  30  per  cent  of  reserve 
fuel,  several  tons  of  cargo  and  18  pas- 
sengers. On  shorter  hops  their  passen- 
ger lists  can  be  increased.  There  is  room 
in  their  cabin  compartments  and  lounge 
rooms  for  48  passengers  to  be  seated 
comfortably,  and  such  loads  are  practi- 
cal up  to    1,200   miles. 

Five  Ground  Stations 
Ever  since  last  July  bases  have  been 
ready  for  the  service  all  the  way  across 
the  Pacific  to  Manila.  Docking  floats, 
fuelling  equipment,  shops,  offices,  elab- 
orate radio,  living  quarters — a  set  of  five 
complete  ground  stations  have  been  set 
up  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $2,000,000. 
The  eastern  terminal  is  in  Alameda,  on 
San  Francisco  Bay.  The  second  station 
in  Pearl  Harbor,  on  the  Island  of  Oahu 


in  the  Hawaiian  group.  Then  Midway 
Island  islet,  1,380  miles  to  the  westward 
but  still  in  the  Hawaiian  group,  makes 
the  third.  The  fourth  stop  on  tiny  Wake 
Island,  westward  of  the  date  line,  1,252 
miles  from  its  nearest  neighbor,  Midway. 
Then  Guam,  1,560  miles  further;  Manila, 
1,580  miles  more,  as  a  last  break  in  the 
long  journey  before  the  China  coast, 
700   miles    further,    is   reached. 

At  each  base  a  permanent  crew  of 
manager,  agent,  radio  men,  mechanics, 
has  been  stationed  since  early  summer. 
Hand-picked  from  the  whole  Pan  Amer- 
ican organization,  every  one  of  these 
ground  crew  men  upon  whom  so  much 
depends  has  had  years  of  thorough 
training  behind  him.  Each  crew,  too, 
has  held  endless  rehearsals  of  its  rou- 
tines under  Pacific  conditions.  The  radio 
men  have  stood  watch  constantly  since 
the  erection  of  their  sets  some  months 
ago.    Weather  observations  go  on  hourly. 

On  four  great  pioneering  flights  a 
19-ton  flying  boat,  "Pan  American  Clip- 
per," has  been  used  throughout  the  sum- 
mer to  test  bases  and  ground  crews  in 
actual  aircraft  handling  and  to  give  a 
final  increment  of  training  to  flight 
crews. 

"Pan  American  Clipper" 

The  "Pan  American  Clipper's"  first 
flight  went  as  far  as  Hawaii,  then  re- 
turned. The  second  reached  Midway 
before  the  ship  was  headed  back.  The 
third  reached  Wake.    The  fourth,  Guam. 

Steadily,  without  a  single  untoward 
incident  to  mar  even  one  of  its  40,000 
miles  of  Pacific  test  flights,  the  aerial 
pioneering  has  gone  steadily  forward 
with  its  exhaustive  program.  Nuclei  for 
five  crews  have  been  trained  aboard  her. 
Its  trips  have  confirmed  a  thousand  cal- 
culations and  estimates  made  by  Pan 
American  weather  and  radio  experts, 
maintenance  specialists,  and  have  filled  in 
great  gaps  in  the  types  of  data  that  can 
only  be  secured  by  direct  test.  With  com- 
pletion of  the  Guam  flight,  there  is  no 
more  experimental  flavor  left  in  the 
problem  of  flying  an  airline  across  this 
particular  trans-Pacific  route  than  there 
is  in  running  a  locomotive  from  New 
York   to    Boston. 

Planes,  bases,  training,  are  finished.  So, 
too,  is  the  fourth  major  element  in  this 
9,000-mile  bridge — radio.  Shore  or  ship 
radio  that  spanned  almost  any  distance 
desired  has,  of  course,  been  common- 
place   for    some   years.      But    to    develop 


light-weight,  low-powered  ultra-reliable 
equipment  to  cover  the  whole  Pacific 
from  an  airplane  has  been  one  of  the 
major  tasks  faced  in  this  whole  project. 
Radio  Triumph 
Radios  for  straight  communication 
were  comparatively  simple.  Each  of  the 
big  "Clipper"  boats  carries  two  sending 
sets,  two  receivers,  a  dual  antenna  sys- 
tem. Even  when  on  the  water,  with  en- 
gines still,  batteries  insure  that  all  sets 
may  be  used  for  days  on  end  to  send 
position  reports,  get  weather  data,  dis- 
patch instructions  to  and  from  almost 
any  spot  in  the  entire  Pacific.  In  the 
air  the  range  is  even  greater.  From  far 
beyond  Wake,  for  example,  the  "Clip- 
per's" radio  operator  has  kept  in  con- 
stant touch  with  Pan  American's  Miami 
station,   a    half    a  world   away. 

The  project's  real  radio  triumph 
though,  has  been  its  extension  of  aircraft 
radio  direction-finding  devices  to  un- 
precedented   ranges. 

The  normal  type  of  radio  beacons 
serve  well  enough  for  overland  lines.  But 
their  short  ranges  of  a  hundred  miles  or 
so  make  them  obviously  impossible  for 
trans-oceanic  use.  Pan  American  early 
standardized  on  the  international  routes 
a  telegraph-signal  type,  then  extended  it 
in  power.  On  each  of  its  flights  the 
"Pan  American  Clipper"  was  able  to  keep 
a  constant  running-fix  of  its  position  to 
the  fraction  of  a  mile  by  radio  bearings 
it  could  take  on  ocean  vessels  and  a  half 
dozen  shore  stations.  It  can  then  check 
those  readings  with  bearings  taken  bv  its 
base  stations  on  its  own  signals.  Gone 
forever  is  the  great  hazard  that  once 
faced  fliers  crossing  great  expanses  of 
ocean. 

Gone,  too,  are  the  hazards  that  once 
existed  when  unexpected  fog  obscured 
objective  harbors.  A  well-tried,  perfect- 
ly proven  procedure  of  using  the  radio 
direction-finders  in  conjunction  with  the 
plane's  flying  instruments  enables  the 
big  ships  to  land  smoothly  and  accurately 
in  any  of  its  base   harbors. 

All  summer  long,  piece  after  piece 
has  been  fitted  into  the  picture.  Base  af- 
ter base  has  taken  shape.  Stage  after 
mge  has  been  flight-tested.  The  ground 
flying  crews  have  topped  off  years  of 
training  in  the  Caribbean  with  actual 
proof  flights  over  the  Pacific  The  radio 
is  ready  and  efficient  beyond  the  most 
optimistic    expectations. 

(Continued  on  Page    141 


December  6,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  7 


HUNDRED     NAMES 


POND-YEP  WEDDING  NEAR 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  S.  Pond  an- 
nounced the  forthcoming  marriage  of 
their  daughter,  Constance  Jeanne,  to 
Mr.  John  Yep. 

The  wedding  will  take  place  on  the 
seventh  of  December  at  the  Temple  Me- 
thodist Episcopal  Church,  110  McAlli- 
ster St.  A  reception  will  be  held  at  the 
Shanghai  Low  that  evening.  Mr.  Yep  is 
the  owner  of  the  California  Shrimp  Co. 
of  this  city. 

•  • 

FOUR  SEAS  CLUB  ANNIVERSARY 
In  observance  of  the  seventh  anni- 
versary of  its  existence,  the  local  Four 
Seas  Club  wll  hold  its  annual  dinner  at 
the  Far  East  Cafe  on  Dec.  18.  Election 
of  officers  will  also  be  held. 

Present  officers  are:  William  Wong, 
president;  George  Lau,  secretary;  Frank 
Hee,  treasurer;  and  Lawrence  Jung, 
general   manager. 

•  • 

A  daughter  was  born  on  Nov.  19  to 
the  wife  of  Chu  Ju  Siang,  2134  Eleventh 
Ave.  Oakland. 

•  • 

A  daughter  was  born  on  Nov.  26  to 
the  wife  of  Leong  Fook  Ock,  777  Sac- 
ramento St.,  San  Francisco. 

•  • 

A  daughter  was  born  on  Nov.  23  to 
the  wife  of  George  Chuck  Lum,  909 
Jackson  St.,   San  Francisco. 

•  • 

A  daughter  was  born  to  the  wife  of 
Ralph  G.  Fung,  387  Ninth  St.,  Oakland, 
on  Nov.  14. 

•  • 

A  son  was  born  on  Nov.  23  to  the 
wife  of  Willie  Leong,  1235  Washington 
St.,  San   Francisco. 

•  • 

A  son  was  born  on  Nov.  23  to  the 
wife  of  Chuck  Nee  Quong,  730  Jack- 
son St.,  San  Francisco. 

•  • 

BON  VOYAGE  TO  MRS.  CHAN 

Mrs.  Clarence  Chan,  who  will  sail  for 
Honolulu  with  her  family,  Tuesday, 
Dec.  10,  was  guest  of  honor  at  a  bon 
voyage  dinner,  Wednesday,  at  the  Far 
East  Restaurant. 

After  the  dinner,  there  was  bridge  and 
mah  jong  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Loy  Kwok 
on  Washington  Street. 

The  hostesses  of  the  evening  were: 
Mesdames  Loy  Kwok,  Ira  Lee,  James 
Mah,  Norman  Chinn,  George  Quock, 
Thomas  Chinn,  and  the  Misses  Mabel 
Mar,  Alice  P.  Fong,  Emeline  Fong, 
Daisy  K.  Wong,  May  Jung,  and  Helen 
Fong,  Ruth  Young,  and  Bertha  Wong. 


BRIEF  BIOGRAPHY  SKETCH 
Short,  interesting  biographical 
sketches  or  antecdotes  about  Chi- 
nese currendy  in  the  eyes  of  the 
world  will  be  found  regularly 
under  the  above  heading  in  the 
Chinese  Digest 


T.  V.  SOONC 

T.  V.  Soong,  Chairman  of  National 
Economic  Commission,  born  at  Shang- 
hai in  1894;  received  his  early  education 
under  private  auspices  and  at  St.  John's 
University  at  Shanghai,  following  which 
he  went  to  the  United  States  and  entered 
Harvard  University  in  1915  from  which 
he  received  a  degree  from  the  school  of 
administration.  He  then  entered  Colum- 
bia University  where  he  took  graduate 
work  at  the  same  time  serving  on  the 
staff  of  several  leading  New  York  bank- 
ing houses. 

Upon  returning  to  China,  he  joined 
the  Han-Yeh-Ping  Coal  and  Iron  works 
at  Hankow,  as   secretary. 

Later,  he  was  appointed  general  man- 
ager of  the  International  Trading  Cor- 
poration. At  the  time  of  the  organization 
of  the  Nationalist  Government,  he  went 
to  Canton  and  served  as  director  of  the 
Department  of  Commerce  and  organizer 
and  general  manager  of  the  Chinese 
Central  Government  Bank.  Several  years 
later,  he  became  Commissioner  of  Fin- 
ance for  Kwangtung  and  in  1926  was 
appointed  Minister  of  Finance  of  the 
Nationalist  Government.  In  the  spring 
of  1927,  he  retired  from  the  Nationalist 
Government  at  Hankow  and  came  to 
Shanghai.  In  the  fall  of  that  same  year, 
he  joined  the  Nanking  Government  as 
Minister  of  Finance,  and  concurrently 
was  Vice  President  of  the  Executive 
Yuan.  (The  latter  organ  corresponding 
to  the  Cabinet  of  other  governments.) 
He  resigned  from  these  posts  and  be- 
came Chairman  of  the  National  Econ- 
omic Commission  in  1934.  Considered 
one  of  the  leading  financiers  of  China, 
he  is  the  brother  of  Madame  Sun  Yat- 
sen,   Mme.    Chiang    Kai-shek,    and   Mme. 

H.  H.  Kung. 

•  • 

CORRECTION 
In  the  last  issue  of  the  CHINESE 
Digest,  an  error  was  made  regarding 
General  Chiang  Kai-shek's  present  po- 
sition in  the  National  Government  of 
China.  He  is  now  chairman  of  the 
Commission  of  Military  affairs.  He  had 
previously  resigned  from  the  posts  of 
chairman  of  the  National  Government 
and  the  Presidency  of  the  Executive 
Yuan. 


Huang  Chen  Yu,  a  Manchurian  far- 
mer, claims  to  be  the  smallest  man  in  the 
Orient,  being  only  two  feet  eight  inches 
tall.  He  was  married  at  the  age  of  8  and 
divorced  at  15.  When  asked  if  he  in- 
tended to  marry  again,  Huang  replied, 
"How  can  a  man  of  my  size  command  a 
wife's   respect?" 


II  mil  I  mi  ii  mi  ruiiii  I  mm  irn  riTii  riiiiri  nun  [inn]  mi  I  tllll  I  llllli  1 1  ITTTTrrrrrmTTT 

WHEN  YOU    BUY 
DAIRY    PRODUCTS 


You  can  feel  the  texture  of  cloth; 
you  can  weigh  a  measure  of  grain; 
but  you  cannot  test  the  purity  and 
wholesomeness  of  dairy  products 
with  any  of  the  senses.  That  is  why 
the  name  of  California's  leading 
dairy  products  company  —  Golden 
State  —  means  so  much  on  milk, 
butter,  ice  cream  and  other  dairy 
foods.  It  is  a  name  which  stands 
for  quality,  for  integrity  in  every 
product  bearing  this  famous  name. 
You  can  always  depend  upon 
Golden  State  brand  for  highest 
quality. 

GOLDEN     STATE 

DAIRY  PRODUCTS 

Henry  Lum,    Chinese  Representative 

San    Francisco    -    Oakland    -    Stockton    - 

Sacramento  -  Palo  Alto  -  San  Jose  - 

Richmond  -  Vallejo  -  Fresno  -  Merced 

--    -  ----- ^mLUillllllllHlmiuiiiiiiiiini MiiiiiHinninimininiiiniiii 


lUIIIIIIIIUIIIIillllUllUllll.llnlllhllHII 


NEW 

CENTURY 

BEVERAGE 

CO. 

Manufacturers  of 

Orange  Crush 

Champagne   Cider 

Belfast  Products 


820  Pacific  St. 


DOuglas  0547 


San  Francisco,  California 
iTminiiiminnmniiimimTiMTmnii"MiMti. ......„.„ 


„« 


Page  8 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  6,  1935 


EDITORIAL 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Published  weekly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San    Francisco,   California 

THOMAS  W.  CHINN,  Editor 

Per  year,  ?2.00;   Per  copy,  5c 

Not    responsible     for    contributions 
unaccompanied    by    return     postage 

STAFF 

CHING    WAH   LEE Associate   Editor 

WILLIAM   HOY   Associate   Editor 

FRED   GEORGE  WOO   Sports 

CLARA  CHAN  _ Fashions 

ETHEL  LUM Community  Welfare 

ROBERT  G.    POON  Circulation 

GEORGE  CHOW  Advertising 


a 


SEVEN  STEPS  TO  FAME" 


"Old  Chinatown"  is  famous  the  world  over  as  a 
beauty  spot  and  an  exotic  center  of  Oriental  intrigue 
and  "ways  that  are  dark."  But  at  times  we  must  admit 
it  borders  on  being  a  plain  ordinary  slum,  or  worse 
still,  another  "Manchukuo."  To  make  Chinatown  a 
tourist  magnet  would  mean  much  to  the  pocketbooks 
of  the  younger  generation.  The  "Seven  Steps  to 
Fame"  were  first  given  by  Chingwah  Lee  in  September, 
1930,  but  we  feel  that  it  is  worth  printing: 

1.  Inauguration  of  Public  Pagentry:  All  outdoor 
fashion  shows,  festivals,  and  religious  rites  should  be 
given  at  stated  intervals  so  that  transportation  com- 
panies, tourist  and  convention  bureaus,  and  newspapers 
can  advertise  them  for  us  months  in  advance.  Such 
festivals  as  "Autumn  Moon  Festival,"  "Feast  of  the 
Lantern,"  and  the  "Seven  Maidens  Festival"  should 
be  revived.  The  Lion  Festival  for  the  Hospital  or  the 
Community  Chest,  if  planned  in  advance,  should  merit 
city  support. 

2.  Wearing  of  Chinese  Garments.  There  is  no 
garment  in  all  the  world  more  ugly  than  male  European 
garments  of  the  present  era.  Therefore  it  is  our  duty 
to  be  courageous  enough  not  to  hide  the  best  and  ape 
the  worse.  Of  course  it  is  impractical  to  wear  them  at 
all  times,  at  present.  But  on  important  occasions  and 
during  indoor  activities  the  wearing  of  Chinese  gar- 
ments should  be  stimulated.  Perhaps  the  awarding  of 
prizes  to  the  best  costume  would  help. 

3.  Creation  of  a  Chinese  Garden.  At  St.  Mary's 
Square,  imported  flowers  and  shrubs  from  the  Orient 
will  lend  an  educational  value  to  the  place.  The  con- 
struction of  a  tall,  be-jewelled  golden  pagoda  will  en- 
able visitors  to  see  all  of  Chinatown  as  well  as  much  of 
the  bay  and  the  financial  and  shopping  district.  A 
pavilion  serving  tea  will  enable  the  shoppers  to  rest  and 
meet  friends.  A  pond,  rockeries  and  Stone  Buddhas 
complete   the   picture. 

4.  Converting  Dirty  Alleys  Into  Picturesque 
Lanes.  Painting  and  shrubs  first.  Then  flower  boxes 
an  all  balconies,  flower  baskets  dangling  from  windows. 
Flags  and  banners  from  house  tops.  Red  lanterns 
and  more  red  lanterns.  Bamboo  benches  and  huge 
pottery  urns. 

5.  Rigid  Maintenance  of  a  Building  Code;  super- 


HOSPITAL  IN  HOY-PING 
DISTRICT  CONTEMPLATED 

For  some  years  the  Hoy-ping  District  Kwangtung 
province  has  maintained  a  small  government  dispen- 
sary to  take  care  of  its  indigent  sick  as  well  as  to  intro- 
duce western  medicine  and  standards  of  health,  sani- 
tation, and  prevention  of  disease  among  the  popu- 
lation. 

Recently  the  director  of  this  dispensary,  Mr.  Tsui, 
felt  that  this  work  should  be  enlarged  to  form  the  be- 
ginning of  a  hospital  so  that  patients  who  came  from 
distant  villages  for  extensive  medical  treatments,  may 
be  given  temporary  hospitalization  and  that  prenatal 
and  obstetrical  care  should  also  be  provided.  The  mate- 
rialization of  such  a  plan  means  the  establishment  of  a 
district  people's   hospital. 

Already  one  thousand  Kwangtung  dollars  have 
been  appropriated  from  the  district  government,  and 
plans  are  being  drawn  for  the  enlargement  of  the  dis- 
pensary. As  several  thousand  dollars  will  be  needed 
for  this  purpose,  the  various  villages  and  towns  have 
been  asked  to  conduct  financial  campaigns  to  raise  the 
needed  funds. 

Thus,  one  phase  of  rural  rehabilitation  work  is 
being  carried  out  in  the  province.  It  is  work  of  this 
kind,  pursued  while  the  country  is  in  the  midst  of  dis- 
order by  communists,  and  of  military  and  political 
aggressions  by  foreign  nations,  which  is,  slowly  and 
imperceptively  but  surely,  transforming  the  life  of  the 
people. 

vising  the  construction  of  houses  and  signs  to  con- 
form with  the  rest  of  Chinatown.  And  our  street 
lamps  should  also  be  replaced  by  those  of  Chinese 
design. 

6.  Changing  of  Street  and  Place  Names  to  Con- 
form to  Chinese  Environment.    For  example: 

Wavery  Place  Yuan  Yin  Street 

Jason  Court  Lotus  Lane 

Spofford  Alley  Buddha  Court 

Becket  Street  Red  Lantern  Alley 

Cameron  Alley  Ming  Court 

7.  The  Addition  of  Chinese  Architectural  Ele- 
ments on  All  Vacant  Spaces  and  Blank  Walls.  A  niche 
may  easily  house  a  stone  or  bronze  statue,  with,  per- 
haps, an  incense  urn  in  front  of  it.  A  blank  wall  may 
be  utilized  as  a  bulletin  board,  where  all  lodges  and 
associations  are  welcome  to  post  their  announcements 
as  long  as  it  is  in  Chinese  or  devoid  of  advertisements. 
The  addition  of  a  well-shaped  fountain,  an  incense 
incinerator  (suitable  also  for  firecrackers  during  fes- 
tivals), or  a  large  pottery  urn  for  gold  fish  or  plants 
•'-.  orld  corners  or  blind  streets — such  "little  thing! 
would  make  Chinatown  an  attractive  tourist  spot  again. 

All  this  can  be  done  without  "injuring"  the  standard 
of  the  younger  generation.  We  are  Chinese,  and  will 
always  be.  Our  cultural  life  is  something  to  look  up  to. 
a  heritage  not  common  in  America.  Let  us  turn  to  any 
other  field  of  endeavor,  and  see  how  many  of  us  can 
find  employment  outside  of  Chinatown. 

Therefore,  let  us  keep  and  develop  Chinatown  into 
a  distinctive  town — again  a  world-famous  town! 


December  6,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  9 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENT 


"CHINA'S  MILLIONS."  By  Anna 
Louise  Strong.  457  pages.  New  York: 
Knight  Publications.  118  East  Twenty- 
eighth   St.     #2.50. 

Authoress  Strong  has  revised  this  book 
and  brought  her  accounts  up  to  1935. 
The  book  gives  a  graphic,  first-hand  de- 
scription of  the  momentous  days  of  poli- 
tical China  in  1927,  when  the  Kuomin- 
tang  came  to  the  parting  of  the  ways 
with  the  Soviet  communists,  a  move 
which  changed  the  course  of  the  Chinese 
revolution.  The  author's  account  is  vig- 
orous, alive,  independent;  but  because 
she  is  an  "intellectual-idealist"  (as  she  de- 
scribes herself  in  her  recent  autobiog- 
raphy T  Change  Worlds')  and  a  Marx- 
ist of  the  first  water,  her  sympathy  was 
very  much  with  China's  downtrodden 
masses  who  were  made  to  suffer  and  to 
give  their  lives  for  a  cause  which  they 
did  not  understand. 

In  revising  the  book  Authoress  Strong 
has  embodied  much  valuable  informa- 
tion about  Chinese  Soviets,  the  Japanese 
military  operations  in  Manchuria,  and 
the  changes  the  last  eight  years  have 
brought  about  in   the   Kuomintang. 

Those  who  have  read  Vincent 
Sheean's  "Personal  History"  and  re- 
member the  middle  portion  of  it,  in 
which  he  describes  his  emotional  reac- 
tions during  those  violent  days  of  1927, 
should  do  well  to  read  "China's  Mil- 
lions" and  note  how  differently  two  in- 
dividuals, both  idealists,  both  good  jour- 
nalists, react  to  the  same  events  during 
a    fateful    period   of  a  nation's  rebirth. 


WILLIAM  HOY 


"CHINA'S  CHANGING  CIVILIZA- 
TION." By  Loo  Lai-han.  Pamphlet. 
New  York:  China  Institute  in  America. 

Being  a  bibliography  of  books  in  the 
English  language,  dealing  with  contem- 
porary Chinese  life.  A  good  book-guide 
for  those  who  wish  to  know  the  right 
books  to  read  in  order  to  gain  a  clear 
understanding  of  changing  China  and  an 
insight  into   the  processes  of  that  change. 


"CHINA:  A  SHORT  CULTURAL 
HISTORY."  IBy  C.  P.  Fitzgerald. 
Cresset  Press:   London. 

Another  addition  to  the  list  of  many 
other  books  dealing  on  practically  the 
same   subject   matter. 

"A  HISTORY  OF  CHINESE  ART." 

By    Arnold    Silcock.      Oxford    University 
Press. 

Still  another  addition  to  other  tomes 
dealing    on   this   matter,   which    the  West 


is   slowly   beginning  to  appreciate. 


"PEOPLE  IN  CHINA."  32  photo- 
graphic studies  from  life.  By  Ellen 
Thorbecke.      Harrap:    London. 

The  wife  of  a  former  Netherland  min- 
ister to  China  presents  a  quasi-scientific 
study  of  many  Chinese  types,  such  as 
the  farmer,  street  vendor,  fortune-teller, 
rickshaw  puller.  Under  each  picture  is 
an  explanatory  note  giving  the  necessary 
information  for  an  understanding  of  the 
subject.  These  pictures  were  taken  while 
the  author  was  a  resident  of  Peiping  and 
Shanghai.  Should  be  interesting  for 
those  who  collect  and  treasure  camera 
studies.  The  pictures  were  taken  with  a 
Rolleiflex    camera. 

The  Magazine  Digest  for  December 
has  a  short  medical  description  of  the 
therapeutic  value  of  Chinese  use  of  the 
moth-cricket,  which,  in  dried,  crushed 
form,  administered  as  a  syrup,  is  sup- 
posedly a  cure  for  tuberculosis.  "How 
China  Fights  Tuberculosis,"  is  the  title 
of  the  article,  reprinted  from  a  French 
journal. 


The  Reader's  Digest  for  December  re- 
prints a  small  portion  from  Lin  Yu-tang's 
book,  "My  Country  and  My  People,"  on 
the  Chinese  art  of  eating.  Just  a  sam- 
ple  of   Dr.    Lin's   erudition,    plus   humor. 

Asia  for  December  has  "The  'Four 
G"ntlemen'  of  China",  by  Wang  Chun- 
chu,  a  contemporary  scholar-artist  in  the 
old  tradition  and  author  of  a  recent 
book  on  "The  Evolution  of  Chinese 
Painting". 

Mr.  Wang  presents  a  superb  descrip- 
tion and  analysis  of  the  technique  in  the 
painting  of  the  wild  plum,  the  orchid, 
the  chrvsanthemum,  and  the  bamboo — 
these  bein<r  the  'Four  Gentlemen'. 
EAST- WEST  AIR  BRIDGE 

Suppose  that  some  time  in  1936  you 
would  like  to  make  a  flying  trip  to 
China  from  the  Pacific  mainland,  either 
for  travel,  education  or  business.  Here 
is  a  graphic  mental  picture  of  what 
would    happen: 

You  board  a  "Clipper"  in  San  Fran- 
cisco Bay  one  late  afternoon.  A  little 
later,  settled  comfortably  in  a  luxuri- 
ously furnished  compartment,  dinner  is 
served  you — a  m"I  eaten  hi<?h  above 
the  clouds  and  under  star-lit  skies,  while 
beneath  vou  is  rhe  vast  expanse  of  the 
b'"e  Pacific.  When  you  wake  up  the 
n»xt  mornine  after  a  night's  rest  in  a 
lartrer-than-Pullman  berth.  you  are 
greeted   by    a    golden   sun   shining    above 


the  palms  and  roofs  of  Honolulu.  It  is 
early  morning,  and  the  fresh,  fragrant 
air  of  the  islands  thrill  your  very  being. 
Soon  you  are  off  again,  "over  a  neck- 
lace of  surf-ringed  coral  keys";  and  land 
on  Midway  Island  in  the  cool  of  the 
evening.  There  is  an  inn  here,  you  eat 
your  dinner  and  stop  overnight.  Next 
morning  the  "Clipper"  is  ready  to  take 
you  to  Wake  Island,  where  you  pass 
another  night  on  land.  Before  another 
day  has  passed  you  land  at  Guam. 
Twenty-four  hours  later  you  are  in  the 
Far  East — Manila.  The  following  day 
you  step  ashore  for  luncheon  in  Macao, 
China. 

Thus  will  the  development  of  aviation 
bridge  the  chasm  of  distance  between 
the  two  largest  nations  bordering  the 
Pacific.  But — will  this  new  method  of 
travel  be  worth  while  commercially?  The 
answer  is  contained  in  an  article  in  the 
December  Cosmopolitan,  entitled  "Now 
— To  China  By  Air!"  written  by  W.  I. 
Van  Dusen  and  Daniel  Sayre.  Excerpts: 
"What  new  economic  processes  will 
be  created  by  this  revolution  in  trans- 
portation? What  will  be  the  effect  on 
financial  transactions,  credit,  exchange? 
Three-day  drafts  in  place  of  30-day 
drafts  ...  27  days  of  interest  saved;  .  .  . 
quicker  exchange;  capital  kept  at  pro- 
ductive  work. 

"What  new  channels  will  be  open  to 
American  commerce?  Heretofore  there 
has  been  no  'express'  shipping  service  for 
foreign  trade.  The  five-ton  tractor  and 
the  five-ounce  tube  of  toothpaste  took  the 
same  time  in  transit.  Light-weight  merch- 
andise .  .  .  the  bulk  of  our  domestic 
sales  products,  were  economically  barred. 
Now,  the  railroads  have  allied  with  the 
airline  within  the  United  States  to  com- 
plete the  links  in  this  great  trade  route 
.  .  .  and  20,000  offices  of  Railway  Express 
Agency  and  the  domestic  airlines  will 
act  as  depots  for  Oriental  commerce,  as 
they  now  do  for  our  Latin-America 
trade. 

"With  these  wings  for  our  commerce, 
American  style  goods  will  be  displayed 
in  Oriental  shops  the  same  day  they 
appear  on  Fifth  Avenue.  Blue  prints, 
samples,  estimates,  orders  will  speed  be- 
tween the  hemispheres  by   air  mail." 

These  are  some  of  the  commercial 
potentialities  American  business  men  will 
realize  when  the  present  San  Francisco- 
Manila  airline  is  extended  to  China  next 
year.  The  Pacific  area  is  about  to  face 
a  new  and  dramatic  era.  For  America, 
the  course  of  empire  is  truly  marching 
westward. 


f^ 


Page   10 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  6,  1935 


COM  MUNITY    WELFARE 


ETHEL  LUM 


A  CHINESE  COMMUNITY 
CENTER 

By  Samuel  D.  Lee 

Is  the  Care  of  the  Chinese 
Our  Responsibility? 

The  recent  celebration  of  "A  Cen- 
tury of  Commerce"  in  San  Francisco 
failed  to  bring  out  the  important  role 
played  by  the  Chinese  in  the  building 
of  the  Pacific  Coast  and,  in  particular, 
San  Francisco.  It  is  doubtless  true  that 
the  contributions  of  the  Chinese  have 
not  materially  changed  the  Western 
scene  nor  have  they  left  manifestations 
upon  the  cultural  life  of  California. 
Nevertheless,  how  much  of  the  West 
could  have  been  developed  in  such  'a 
short  span  of  time  were  it  not  for  the 
part  played  by  Chinese  labor? 

Americans  from  the  Atlantic  seaboard 
settled  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1848  soon 
after  the  news  of  the  gold  strike.  The 
early  pioneers  came  to  California  in 
search  of  gold,  and  in  no  endeavor  to 
find  new  markets  for  their  labor.  With 
their  time  occupied  in  the  search  of  gold, 
who  was  to  do  the  routine  work  of  build- 
ing a  community,  the  job  of  clearing 
the  forests,  road-building,  and  other 
manual  duties  as  important  as  any  other 
factor  in  the  construction  of  the  West? 
Chinese  Labor  in  Demand 

Chinese  were  said  to  have  migrated  to 
this  country  in  1850.  Before  railroad 
building  began  in  earnest,  Chinese  were 
employed  in  great  numbers  in  the  min- 
ing regions.  The  work  of  clearing 
forests,  digging  up  tree  stumps  and  other 
such  jobs  were  available  to  them.  They 
represented  the  only  source  of  labor 
willing  to  consider  such  work.  Their 
services  were  in  such  demand  that  there 
soon  began  a  concerted  movement  to 
contract  them  to  this  country.  Extortion- 
ate taxes  made  it  impossible  for  them  to 
enter  the  gold  fields;  employers  were  pen- 
alized for  using  Chinese  in  the  mines 
by   excessive   head  taxes. 

Chinese  Lured  Here 

When  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  of 
California  began  construction  of  its  road 
in  1863,  the  shortage  of  labor  was  acute. 
Only  the  Chinese  were  willing  to  sac- 
rifice the  comforts  of  the  city  for  work 
in  construction  camps;  the  completing  of 
the  railroads  with  occidental  help  was 
impossible  without  expensive  delay.  The 
shortage  of  labor  led  to  the  contracting 
of  Chinese  to  this  country.  Men  were 
sent  to  China  with  fabulous  tales  of  op- 
portunities in  the  newlv  discovered  "Gum 
Shan"    (Golden  Hill-America) .  A  return 


trip  to  China  was  promised  those  who 
came  to  America  to  assist  in  the  building 
of  a  great  empire.  And  why  shouldn't 
these  stories  be  circulated?  Were  not 
these  agents  paid  $4  for  every  Chinese 
sent  to    America? 

Economic  Necessity 

There  were  at  that  time  no  sinister 
thoughts  regarding  the  position  of  these 
"celestials"  in  the  building  of  the  West. 
The  peace-loving  Chinese  were  not  tres- 
passing the  rights  of  the  citizens  of  this 
country  with  their  cheap  labor;  they  were 
an  economic  necessity  to  the  welfare  of 
the  West.  They  were  welcomed  not  only 
because  they  added  color  to  an  already 
picturesque  community,  but  because  they 
were  able  to  provide  leisure  time  for  the 
populace  by  performing  the  less  desir- 
able tasks  in  the  community. 

The  contribution  of  the  Chinese  in 
speeding  the  development  of  the  West  is 
best  illustrated  by  the  construction  of  the 
railroad  to  Ogden,  Utah.  The  Central 
Pacific  was  struggling  for  its  existence; 
and  its  future  was  dependent  upon  the 
completion  of  the  road  to  Ogden  before 
the  Union  Pacific,  an  Eastern  concern, 
reached  that  point  from  the  east.  Only 
the  application  of  Chinese  labor  made 
the  continuance  of  this  Pacific  Coast 
railroad  concern   possible. 

Empty   Promises 

After  the  major  construction  of  the 
roads  was  completed,  Chinese  laborers 
were  dumped  in  San  Francisco  in  spite 
of  previous  promises  to  send  them  back 
to  their  homes  in  China.  They  were  not 
unemployed  for  long,  because  there  was 
already  a  market  for  their  services  in  the 
newly  created  industries  in  the  cities. 
Book-makers,  broom-makers,  cigar-mak- 
ers, and  munition  works  were  having 
their  difficulties  finding  workers.  Were 
not  the  other  racial  groups  more  inter- 
ested in  the  possibilities  of  striking  gold 
than  day-to-day  labor  in  the  factories? 
Would  not  the  development  of  San  Fran- 
cisco as  an  industrial  center  be  delayed 
if  the  only  source  of  labor  supply,  the 
Chinese   laborer,  was   not   available? 

And  what  of  the  labor  to  till  the  soil? 
California  was  beginning  to  take  form 
as  an  agricultural  country;  who  was  to  do 
the  work?  Fortunately,  there  were  still 
Chinese  entering  the  country  to  supply 
this  demand.  By  1890  more  than  75  per 
cent  of   the  farm   workers  were  Chinese? 

Cannery  workers,  especially  fish-pack- 
ers, were  difficult  to  supply;  but  then 
Chinese  were  always  available  to  do  the 
iobs  which  failed  to  appeal  to  others. 
The   Chinese    played    such    an   important 


part  in  the  development  of  the  salmon 
packing  industry  and  other  "fisheries' 
that  a  mechanical  device  to  prepare  fish 
for  canning  was  commonly  called  the 
"iron   chink." 

Learn  Cooking,  Ironing 

The  gay  nineties  was  made  possible 
chiefly  through  the  application  of  Chi- 
nese labor.  San  Francisco,  by  this  time, 
became  aware  of  a  gradual  loss  of  cul- 
tural life,  due  to  the  lack  of  leisure  time. 
Laundering,  cooking,  and  housework, 
commonly  done  by  hired  women  domes- 
tics on  the  Eastern  seaboard,  were  not 
available  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  The  ratio 
of  male  to  female  showed  a  scarcity  of 
women  domestics.  The  Chinese  again 
came  to  the  rescue  by  quickly  acquiring 
the  art  of  cooking  and  ironing;  two 
skills  not  common  amongst  an  agricul- 
tural people.  Their  association  with  these 
occupations  increased  to  such  propor- 
tions that,  soon  after,  the  flat-iron  be- 
came symbolic  of  the  Chinese. 
Chinese  Must  Go 

By  1890  the  gold  cycle  was  completed; 
the  mines  began  to  peter  out  and  men 
were  forced  into  the  cities  with  no  visible 
means  of  sustenance.  The  unemployment 
problem  was  solved  by  accusations  that 
cheap  Chinese  labor  was  wrecking  the 
country.  Unemployed  "natives"  were 
clamoring  for  jobs  they  once  refused. 
"The  Chinese  must  go'  became  a  serious 
political  issue.  As  in  previous  cases 
where  Chinese  labor  satisfied  the  situa- 
tion, Chinese  gradually  withdrew  from 
all  fields  of  activities  where  they  were 
not  desired.  The  exodus  back  to  China 
began:  only  those  who  were  able  to  sup- 
ply the  needs  of  the  American  families 
and  the  Chinese  merchants  remained  in 
this  country.  The  struggle  for  existence 
of  the  Chinese  who  adopted  this  coun- 
try began.  By  1931  a  few  families  were 
forced  to  appeal  to  public  agencies  for 
relief.  Today,  swept  by  the  cyclonic  wave 
of  a  five-year  depression,  more  than 
2,000  people  are  dependent  upon  the 
public   relief  agency. 


Sales  Service 

FORD 

BEN     CHEY 

REPAIR  SHOP 

725  Pacific  St.  GAr.  4592 

iiim i in  iiiiin  in iiiiiiiiii.iii iiiiiiiiMiiuiiiiiiiiiiinrrnmnTTnTTm; 


December  6,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page   11 


FASHIONS 


CLARA  CHAN 


Christmas  Gift  Suggestions  For  Milady 


This  Christmas  is  going  to  be  the 
merriest  we  will  have  had  in  years. 
What  with  the  many  shoppers  down- 
town, (at  last  they  have  listened  to  the 
advice  of  store  owners  to  shop  early,  and 
to  the  postmaster's  plea  to  mail  early), 
and  new  and  exciting  things  on  each 
and  every  counter  in  the  downtown 
shops.  I  may  safely  predict  that  our 
Christmas  stockings  this  year  will  be  bul- 
ging with  lots  of  nice  things. 

This  week,  your  fashion  snooper,  al- 
most receiving  bruises  and  getting  her 
eyes  knocked  out  from  elbows  that 
seem  to  come  from  all  directions,  (rem- 
ember that  I  am  by  no  means  a  tall  per- 
son, but  still  full  of  Christmas  enthu- 
siasm) lingered  hours  at  each  depart- 
ment and  took  full  note  of  the  many 
lovely  things  for  gifts,  and  of  what  the 
wise  shoppers  are  selecting  for  their 
friends. 

Have  a  Cocktail? 

For  the  friend  who  has  done  so  much 
for  us  and  whom  we  don't  know  how  to 
repay: 

There  is  a  handsome  cocktail  set- — yes, 
it  is  modernistic  in  design.  Of  the  fam- 
ous Chase  make,  the  chromium  shaker 
has  six  cocktail  cups  of  chromium  to 
match.  A  good  size  tray  belonging  to 
the  set,    may  be    used  separately. 

On  display  in  a  window  of  one  of  the 
local  shops,  is  a  very  new  lamp.  Al- 
though there  have  been  lamps  and  lamps 
of  modernistic  design,  this  one  is  truly 
different.  The  wood  conical  base  is  a 
foot  in  height,  and  painted  a  hard  white. 
The  clear  parchment  shade  may  be  had 
in  different  colored  borders.  However, 
remember  that  this  lamp  should  only  go 
to  a   modernistic   home. 

We  may  be  either  lazy  or  trying  to 
save  time,  but,  anyway,  electric  clocks 
have  been  devised  to  serve  either  pur- 
pose. They  are  very  attractive  in  design, 
guaranteed  to  help  you  late  getter  up- 
pers, to  leave  for  work  on  time. 

If  your  pocketbook  permits,  an  im- 
ported fitted  case  would  be  a  most  wel- 
come gift.  A  smart  black  leather  case, 
with  a  complete  set  of  comb  and  brush 
and  cosmetic  bottles  of  chromium  and 
onyx  black,  may  be  purchased  in  one  of 
the  leading  apparel  shops.  Incidentally, 
fitted  cases  made  right  in  this  country, 
equal  in  quality  and  beauty,  are  also 
found  in  a  local  shop  at  a  reasonable 
price. 


Sophisticated  Lady 

For  the  young  girl  who  are  fads  and 
fancies-conscious: 

Feathers  for  her  hair.  Feathers,  quills 
made  to  resemble  flowers  or  petals,  or 
just  frankly  a  fluffy  bunch  of  feathers 
caught  with  a  rhinestone  clip  will  be  a 
welcome  gift  for  the  winter  season.  Fan- 
tasti<ics  eations  of  gold  kid,  cut  and 
curhe  thlooking  like  pure  gold  metal, 
and"  o,ipe  clusters  of  pearls  also  make 
attrainjve  head-dresses. 

If  your  friend  (like  many  of  us)  is 
the  type  who  goes  ga-ga  over  huge  brace- 
lets, by  all  means,  get  her  one.  Wide 
bracelets,  both  in  rhinestone,  and  metal 
are  the  newest  things  in  jewelry.  There  is 
a  perfectly  stunning  rhinestone  set  that 
I  came  across  on  my  scouting  tou  r.  A 
wide,  flexible  bracelet  with  a  clear  syn- 
thetic stone  of  green.  Then,  too,  there's 
a  ring  and  a  pair  of  clips,  similarly  set, 
to  match.  Wide  metallic  bracelets  of  the 
Renaissance  type  with  pins  and  clips  to 
match  are  also   available. 

Bags — aside  from  the  standard,  or 
rather  good  standbys,  of  leather  and 
suede,  there  are  seen  some  adorable  vel- 
vet purses  to  match  the  velvet  costume 
of  this  season.  A  wide  selection  of  color, 
tricky  design  but  nevertheless  practical, 
and  very,  very   reasonable. 

And  then  there  are  those  delightful 
extravagant  things  that  we  never  buy  for 
ourselves,  but  would  like  to  possess — for 
instance,  perfume.  Of  course  "Noel  de 
Nuit"  would  be  an  appropriate  fra- 
grance, but  why  be  conventional,  give 
something  excitingly  new  in  the  line  of 
parfums  such  as  Lelong's  "Gardenia" 
that  goes  with  cocktails,  dancing,  and 
parties;  or  the  new  Spanish  perfume 
which  is  really  exotic  as  a  Spanish 
senorita. 

'Twas   the   Night  Before  Xmas 

For  milady: 

If  you  are  considering  gloves,  remem- 
ber that  they  are  coming  in  with  wider 
flared  cuffs.  They  are  found  in  fabric, 
doeskin,  or  kid.  For  something  new, 
there  are  the  richly  colored  velveteen 
gauntlets,  also  woolen  gloves,  very  smart 
for  the  tweed  lady.  Practical,  and  to 
brighten  dark  winter  costumes,  these  are 
inexoensive    as    well    as    thoughtful    gifts. 

While  pre-Christmas  sales  of  boudoir 
slippers  are  on,  select  several  to  put 
aside  for  friends  or  members  of  the  fam- 
ily. (I  am  sure  the  ones  we  received  last 
year    are    good    and    worn.)     White    kid 


WANT  TO  FLUTTER  AT  YOUR 
NEXT  FORMAL? 

Winged   Fashions 

Like  night  moths  or  rare  butterflies 
are  the  next  formals. 

Palest  blue  and  blackest  black  are  a 
rare  and  beautiful  combination  for  fes- 
tive nights.  Imagine  a  black  chiffon 
gown — neckline  mounting  high  to  the 
base  of  your  throat — with  a  wing-like 
cape  in  blue,  sprinkled  with  shimmering 
embroidered  butterflies  arranged  softly 
over  your  shoulders. 

Or  a  clear  soft  grey-blue  formal  of 
vaporous  chiffon,  richly  contrasted  with 
a  finger-tip  cape  of  wine  red  velvet,  a 
wide  border  of  fox,  in  the  same  subtle 
shades  as  the  dress. 

Can't  you  picture  them? 

Li'en  Fa 


cavalier  with  flexible  sole  and  wooden 
heels  come  trimmed  with  red,  green,  and 
blue  fleece  cuffs.  Or  perhaps  those  lux- 
urious looking  lapin  mules  dyed  in  diff- 
erent pastel  shades,  and  again,  perhaps  a 
cleopatra  type  of  satin  mule  studded  with 
varied  colored  stones  would  please  mi- 
lady. The  newest  boudoir  slippers,  how- 
ever, come  with  square  toes,  made  of 
corduroy  and  heavy  brocade.  Don't  for- 
get that  our  own  Chinese  slippers  are 
still  great  favorites. 

Sweaters  nowadays  look  handknit.  A 
good  selection  of  color  and  styles  is 
available  in  a  leading  shop  well  known 
for  its  sportwear.  To  add  a  personal 
touch  to  the  gift,  you  may  have  her  in- 
itials embroidered  on  the  sweater  for  a 
small  sum. 

Traditionally  a  good  gift,  handker- 
chiefs this  year  are  a  bit  more  exciting. 
Maybe  we  are  becoming  more  practical, 
for,  instead  of  the  mere  dab  of  linen 
which  we  are  accustomed  to  using,  the 
handkerchiefs  are  now  made  larger  than 
standard  size.  Hand  rolled  edge,  color- 
ful designs,  and  in  some,  boldly  embroi- 
dered monograms,  these  handkerchiefs 
will   prove  more   than  a  last  minute  gift. 

(Watch  next  week's  issue  for  gift  sug- 
gestions for  the  boy  friend.) 


For  further  information  regarding 
any  of  the  above  mentioned  sugges- 
tions, please  phone  the  Chinese 
Digest. 


— ; 


Page   12 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  6,  1935 


CULTURE 


CHINGWAH  LEE 


THE  STORY  OF  CERAMIC  ART 


(II)  HOW  TO  IDENTIFY  PORCE- 
LAIN AND  PORCELLANEOUS 
STONEWARE 

Porcelain  differs  from  pottery  in  that 
it  is  characteristically  white  in  color,  is 
translucent  to  light,  cannot  be  scratched 
by  steel,  is  fine  in  texture,  and  when 
struck,  gives  a  musical  resonant  sound. 
The  Chinese  name  is  tsu,  a  word  having 
rock  as  its  radical,  and  hence  implying 
a  more  vitrified  material  than  pottery. 
This  word  was  in  use  shortly  before  the 
appearance  of  porcelain  and  at  that 
time  may  have  connoted  a  harder  form 
of  pottery  such  as  stoneware,  to  distin- 
guish it  from  a  softer  form,  such  as 
terra  cotta   or  earthenware. 

Anthropologists  are  in  the  habit  of 
considering  porcelain  as  pottery  with  the 
glaze  incorporated  into  the  body  mater- 
ial. Or,  to  put  it  another  way,  we  may 
say  that  it  is  pottery  permeated  with 
glass.  It  was  achieved  by  the  Chinese 
sometime  between  the  Han  and  the 
T'ang  Dynasty.  It  is  composed  of  two 
main  ingredients:  a  white  clay  (Kaolin) 
and  a  ground  felspathic  rock  (petuntse), 
which,  when  fused,  gives  vitrification  to 
the  porcelain.  A  finer  grade  of  petuntse, 
when  mixed  with  lime,  also  furnishes 
the  basis  for  the  glaze.  But  many  other 
ingredients  often  enter  into  the  making 
of  porcelain:  ground  quartz  and  stones, 
fine  sand,  a  soapy  rock  (hua  shih) 
coloring  material,  and  even  ground 
gems. 

True  porcelain  is  frequently  called 
"hard  paste  porcelain"  to  distinguish  it 
from  two  types  of  "soft  paste  porce- 
lains." The  European  soft  paste  porce- 
lain is  a  less  vitrified,  lighter  substance 
which  borders  on  being  a  porcellaneous 
stoneware.  The  Chinese  "soft  paste", 
"soapy  stone",  or  "steatitic"  porcelain 
(all  misnoners)  is  made  by  substituting 
hua  shih  in  part  or  in  whole  for  kaolin. 
The  resulting  ware  has  a  fine  grain  and 
smooth  textured  surface,  but  lacks  trans- 
lucency  and  tensile  strength.  It  is  just 
as  hard  as  porcelain  and  is  called  hua 
shih  porcelain.  It  is  better  suited  for  the 
making  of  small  objects  bearing  fine 
painting  on   the  surface. 

A  famous  center  is  Ching-te  Chen  in 
Kiangsi  Province.  It  has  been  a  pottery 
center  since  the  time  of  the  Hans,  two 
thousand  years  ago  and  is  still  produ- 
cing porcelain  today.  Named  Chang 
Nan    Chen     (Chen,     a    walled    town)     in 


I 


earlier  times,  it  was  changed  to  its  pre- 
sent name  after  the  Nien  Hao  of  one  of 
the  emperors  during  the  Sung  Dynasty. 
During  the  Ming  Dynasty,  it  produced 
nearly  all  the  imperial  wares  made,  and 
during  the  Ch'ing  Dynasty,  practically 
all  the  exports  as  well.  Its  output  was 
eagerly  sought  after  by  wealtliv  Eur- 
opeans during  the  early  half  the 
Ch'ing  Dynasty,  and  many  E°  'ean 
royal  collectors  had  their  pa  lain 
rooms,  some  of  which  are  preset  d  to 
this  day.  The  Imperial  Factory  at  Ching- 
te  Chen,  together  with  many  of  the  mas- 
ters and  their  secrets,  were  destroyed  dur- 
ing the  T'ai  Ping  Rebellion  in  1854,  and 
to  this  day  it  has  not  recovered  from  the 
shock,  although  occasionally  a  limited 
variety  of  exceptionally  fine  porcelains 
are  still  produced.  Thus,  during  the  Pan- 
ama Pacific  International  Exposition  of 
1915,  the  Ching-te  Chen  exhibit  cap- 
tured the  grand   prize. 

There  is  another  large  class  of  cera- 
mics which  is  intermediate  between 
pottery  and  porcelain.  It  is  called 
stoneware,  semi-porcelain,  or  porcellan- 
eous stoneware.  Those  which  were  pro- 
duced shortly  before  the  achievement  of 
porcelain  are  often  called  proto-porce- 
lain,  but  caution  must  be  excercised  so 
as  not  to  apply  this  term  to  any  wares 
after  the  appearance  of  porcelain  in  any 
one   given  culture  area. 

Porcellaneous  stoneware  lacks  the 
translucency  of  porcelain,  and  its  color 
may  be  that  of  pottery  rather  than  the 
pure  white  of  porcelain.  Its  texture  is 
typically  a  shade  coarser  than  porcelain. 
However,  it  approaches  porcelain  in  vi- 
trification, hardness,  and  resonancy. 
Where  resonancy,  and  hence,  vitrifica- 
tion is  lacking,  the  term  stoneware  is 
appropriate.  The  Chinese  do  not 
attempt  to  draw  sharp  lines  of  demarka- 
tion  about  this  group.  The  coarser  ones, 
especially  the  stoneware";,  are  called  fine 
pottery,  the  more  vitrified  wares,  espe- 
cially those  with  a  good  resonance,  are 
called  porcp'^in  or  sand-bodied  oorce- 
lain.  as  in  r^e  cas»  of  the  hua  shih.  Or 
they  apolv  the  general  term  yao  to  this 
group. 

Kwan^tung  Province  is  famous  for  its 
numerous  porcellaneous  stoneware  cen- 
ters. The  products  have  close  affinities  to 
the  wares  of  the  Sung  and  the  Ming 
Dynasty,  but  they  never  achieve  the 
classic    standards   of    earlier   times.  - 


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES  AND 
INVENTIONS 

(I)      China      Contributed      the      Finger 
Printing  System 

Most  "G-Men"  will  be  surprised  to 
know  that  the  Chinese  were  the  inven- 
tors of  the  finger  printing  system  used 
today  for  identifying  criminals.  Not  n 
only  that,  but  they  worked  out  the  jx\ 
system  for  filing  the  prints  by  division  '] 
into  basic  types —  identically  the  samt-io 
in  principle  as  the  ones  in  use  today. 

The  system  spread  with  the  migration 
of  the  Chinese  to  the  Straits  Settlement, 
and  Chinese  merchants  used  the  finger 
printing  system  in  identifying  Malays 
who  cannot  sign  his  name  to  bills  of 
sale,  pawn  tickets,  and  other  articles  of 
transaction. 

It  was  in  the  Straits  Settlement  that 
the  British  police  officers  learned  of  the 
system  and  introduced  it  into  Europe. 
For  a  while  it  was  thought  that  these  po- 
lice officers  invented  the  system,  filing 
and  all.  It  was  not  until  the  late  Dr. 
iBerthoId  Laufer  came  out  with  his 
scholarly  article  tracing  the  evolution  of 
the  Chinese  invention,  that  its  origin 
was  realized. 

(Next  week:  China  Contributed  the 
Seismograph) . 

•  • 


The  Grayline  has  introduced 
more  than  10,000  tourists  to  China- 
town this  year.  In  cooperation  with 
the  Chinese  Trade  and  Travel 
Association  these  tourists  are 
always  directed  to  the  best  cafes 
and  representative  bazaars. 


Parlor  Cars  for  picnics  and  Conventions 
Limousines    for  all   occasions 

THE  GRAYLINE,  INC. 

Chingwah   Lee,   Director 

Chinatown  Tour 

781  Market  St.  DOuglas  0477 

San    Francisco,   California 


December  6,   1935 


CHIN  E  S  E       DIGEST 


Page   13 


SPORTS 


Fred  George  Woo 


Chi-Fornians  and 
Nanwah  to  Play 

The  initial  'big  game"  of  the  present 
basketball  season  in  Chinatown  will  take 
place  this  Sunday  evening  at  the  French 
Court,  when  the  Nanwah  and  Chi- 
Fornian  teams  clash. 

Both  teams  are  determined  to  win  this 
game,  and  a  hard-fought  tilt  is  predicted, 
with  the  Nanwahs  entering  the  contest  a 
slight  favorite.  A  probable  starting  line- 
up has  been  announced  by  the  Nanwah 
coach,  Albert  Lee  Kay.  Fred  Gok,  Fred 
Wong,  and  George  Lee  are  expected  to 
bear    the    brunt   of    its   attack. 

Chi-Fornian  Club  will  rely  on  Vic 
Wong,  Jack  Look,  and  Hank  Whoe  to 
supply  its  offensive  attack.  The  coach 
named  Herbert  Louie  and  Dave  Chinn  to 
start  the  game  along  with  these  three 
players. 

Probable    line-ups: 
Nanwahs  Chi-Fornians 

Fred   Won?   F Whoe 

J.  Tom  Wye -  F V.  Wong 

G.    Lee C._ J.  Look 

F.    Gok -     G H.   Louie 

P.   Mark     .     .   G D.  Chinn 

Remainder  of  squads  are  as  follows: 
Nanwahs — T.  Yepp,  H.  Chinn,  S.  Lee, 
W.  Chan.  Chi-Fornians — T.  Lee,  J. 
Hall,  F.  Mark,  J.  Lee,  H.  Tom,  and  P. 
Wong. 

A  preliminary  game  will  start  at  7 
p.  m.  between  the  Nanwahs  and  Sales- 
ian  '30s.  Nanwah  squad:  T.  Bow,  J. 
Wong,  A.  Lee,  C.  Yip,  A.  S.  Lee,  M. 
Lee,  F.  Chan,  F.  Lowe,  G.  Chin,  and 
Buow.  Salesians:  Puccinelli  Culcogno, 
Luke,  Bonfidio,  Pompei,  Bacigalupi, 
Zavagneo,  and  Calderoni. 

•  • 

WAH  YING  DARK  HORSE 

One  of  the  dark  horse  reams  in  the 
coming  Wah  Ying  Basketball  League 
will  be  the  Nulite  Club.  Fifteen  husky 
players  will  represent  their  ream.  Al- 
though several  of  the  performers  aro  of 
an  unknown  quantity,  the  Nulite  squad 
expects  to  give  a  good  account  of  itself 
against  the   other  league  entries. 


NORTH  BAY  BASKETBALL  GAMES 

San  Rafael  High  School's  basketball 
teams  split  a  doubleheader  with  the 
North  Bay  Chinese  Athletic  Club  last 
week  at  the  high  school  gym.  The  Chi- 
nese heavyweights  defeated  the  prep 
varsity  by  a  score  of  34-29,  while  the 
school  130-pound  lads  eked  out  a  close 
16-10  victory  over  the  Chinese  light- 
weights. 

G.  Leung  and  W.  Gee  with  nine 
points  each  and  F.  Wong  with  eight 
were  the  mainsta/s  for  the  winners.  The 
rest  of  the  squad  was  composed  of 
Chong,  Luk,  T.  Chin,  and  Paul  Wong. 
For  the  losers,  Sparrow,  Rossi,  Whipple, 
and  Wilson  played  well.  Half-time  score 
favored   the   Chinese,    16-6. 

Both  lightweight  teams  failed  to  show 
an  offense,  but  displayed  defenses  as 
strong  as  a  stonewall.  The  Chinese  team 
is  composed  of  the  following  boys:  Hoy, 
Wong,  Hall,  Leon  Hon,  Dave  Chinn, 
and  Wing. 

•  • 
SCOUT   SENIORS  WIN 

In  a  contest  held  last  week,  the  Troop 
3  Scout  Senior  basketball  team  walloped 
the  Park  Athletic  Club,  at  the  Aptos 
school  gym.  The  final  score  was  some- 
thing like  50-12.  The  Chinese  outplayed 
their  opponents  from  start  to  finish,  and 
the  final  tally  might  as  well  have  been 
about  100-12.  Silas  Chinn  stood  out  as 
the  outstanding  man  for  Don  Lee's  boys. 

•  • 
COMMERCE    WINS   LEAGUE   TITLE 

Commerce  High  School  won  the  Chi- 
nese All-Hi  Basketball  League,  which 
concluded  last  week,  after  two  weeks  of 
strenuous  competition.  The  Bulldogs 
went  through  the  schedule  without  a 
single  defeat.  Gold  basketballs  will  be 
awarded  to  members  of  the  title-winning 
team. 

The  Commerce  team  was  managed  by 
Peter  "Spud"  Chong,  and  captained  by 
Hin  Chin.  Its  outstanding  players  were 
Daniel  Leong,  Fred  Wong,  and  Captain 
Hin.  Other  players  were  Henry  Whoe, 
Henry  Mew,  Howard  Ho,  William 
Chan,   Charles   Louie,    and    Harry   Chew. 

Outstanding  stars  of  the  other  schools 
were  Stephen  Leong  and  Charles  Low  of 
Galileo;  Fred  Wong  of  Poly;  Faye  Lowe 
of  Mission;  and  Ulysses  Moy  and  Henry 
Chew  of  Lowell.  The  league  was  handled 
by  Herbert  Lee  of  Lowell,  Stephen  Le- 
ong of  Galileo,  and  "Spud"  Chong  and 
Hin  Chin  of  Commerce.  Negotiations 
have  started  for  a  game  between  the 
championship  Commerce  team  and  the 
San    Francisco   J.   C.   Chinese   cagers. 


CHITENA  ROLLER  SKATES 

Something  new  in  the  line  of  frolick- 
ing fun  will  be  attempted  by  the  Chinese 
Tennis  Association.  The  Chitena  is 
sponsoring  a  roller  skating  party  to  be 
held  Dec.  30,  at  the  Dreamland  ice  rink, 
Sutter   and    Pierce  Streets. 

Skating  is  really  very  exciting  and 
thrilling.  If  you  don't  believe  it,  just  be 
there  and  try  on  a  pair  of  skates.  They 
promise  very  few  bumps  on  the  knees 
(if  you  are  careful). 

The  skating  party  will  last  from  eight 
in   the  evening  till    11:30. 

•  • 
SHANGTAI  CAGERS  WIN 

In  their  first  practice  of  the  season, 
the  Shangtai  cagers  flashed  a  powerful 
offense  to  swamp  the  Seraps,  62-25,  at 
the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  court  last  Fri- 
day   evening. 

For  the  winners,  George  Lee  with  16 
points  and  Charles  Hing  with  14  digits 
were  the  stars  in  the  offensive  attack. 
Scanlon  played  a  good  game  for  the 
losers,    getting   twelve  points. 

•  • 

WAH  YING  LEAGUE  SCHEDULE 
The  season  schedule  for  the  Wah 
Ying  Bay  Region  Chinese  Basketball 
Championship  Tournament  was  an- 
nounced yesterday  by  promotion  man- 
ager Yee.  Duration  of  the  tournament  is 
five  weeks,  with  two  contests  each  Sun- 
day commencing  Dec.  15,  in  the  after- 
noons. 

The  schedule: 

DEC.  15: 
T.  3   Scout  Seniors  vs.  Nulite. 
Shangtai  vs.   T.    3    Scout   Juniors. 
Chi-Fornians,  bye. 

DEC.  22: 
Chi-Fornians   vs.   Shangtai. 
T.  3  Scout  Juniors  vs.  Nulite. 
T.   3  Scout  Seniors,  bye. 

DEC.  29: 
T.  3  Scout  Seniors  vs.  Scout  Juniors. 
Nulite  vs.  Chi-Fornians. 
Shangtai,  bye. 

JAN.  5: 
Shangtai   vs.   Nulite. 
Chi-Fornians  vs.  T.  3  Scout  Seniors. 
T.   3   Scout  Juniors,   bye. 
JAN.   12: 
T.   3  Scout    Juniors  vs.   Chi-Fornians. 
Shangtai  vs.  T.   3   Scout  Seniors. 
Nulite,  bye. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Shangtai 
and  the  Troop  3  Scout  Seniors  clash  in 
the  final  game  of  the  season.  These  two 
fras  are  the  favorites,  and  it  may  be 
n'Mnmcd  that  this  contest  will  decide 
the  title-holder. 


Page   14 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  6,  1935 


KWONG    SIL 
LOUIE   LECTURES 

The  third  of  a  series  of  five  lectures  on 
Chinese  civilization  will  be  given  Mon- 
day, December  9,  8  p.  m.,  at  the  Chinese 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  by  Kwong  Sil  Louie,  chair- 
man of  the  Ning  Yung  Benevolent  As- 
sociation. The  subject  will  be:  The 
Chou  Classics. 

Mr.  Kwong  is  a  72-year-old  scholar 
of  the  old  tradition,  and  is  the  only 
Cantonese  now  living  who  holds  the 
title  of  "tsin  shih,"  equivalent  to  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  Between 
the  ages  of  19  to  25,  he  passed  through 
a  series  of  examinations  required  under 
the  Manchu  regime  of  candidates  to 
qualify  for  public  office.  At  the  age  of 
25,  he  left  his  native  village  in  Toi 
Shan  District  to  engage  in  political  serv- 
ice under  the  reign  of  Kwang  Hsu.  The 
establishment  of  the  Chinese  Republic 
in  1912  ended  his  23  years  of  imperial 
service.  He  then  retired  to  his  home  in 
Shanghai  to  delve  further  into  the  study 
of  ancient  classics,  Chinese  medicine,  and 
Chinese  religions. 

He  arrived  in  the  United  States  in 
January,  1935,  to  serve  a  year's  term  as 
chairman  of  the  largest  district  bene- 
volent  association  in   San    Francisco. 

Deeply  interested  in  the  ancient  re- 
ligion of  Buddhism,  he  expounded  many 
of  its  doctrines  in  his  lectures.  A  conser- 
vative, he  observes  the  people  and  events 
of  present  day  China  not  without  some 
amusement  and  disdain.  "In  olden  days, 
according  to  the  teaching  of  Confucius," 
he  mused,  "the  death  of  a  parent  called 
for  a  three-year  period  of  mourning, 
while  today  young  people  entertain  their 
guests    on    the   third    day." 

Master  of  the  Chinese  classics,  and  ex- 
ponent of  the  old  monarchial  order,  Mr. 
Kwong  commands  the  respect  of  the 
auasi-Americanized  Chinese  in  this  city. 
Old  and  young  alike  attend  his  lectures 
with  great  enthusiasm  and  interest. 
Teachers  and  students  find  these  talks  a 
helpful  supplement  to  their  studies  in 
the  Chinese  evening  language  schools. 
During  the  lecture  hours,  the  auditorium 
is   filled  to    capacity. 

•  • 

On  Nov.  27,  a  seven  and  a  half 
pound  bov  was  born  to  the  wife  of 
Thomas  Tong,  at  the  Chinese  Hos- 
pital. 

•  • 

The  relation  between  Inner  Mon- 
golia and  China  Proper  has  been 
more  closely  linked  as  a  result  of 
the  recent  establishment  of  a  wire- 
less telegraphic  network. 


WINGS  TO  CHINA 

(Continued   from  Page   6) 
Golden   Passage   to  Orient 

A  take-off  in  late  afternoon  from  San 
Francisco  Bay.  A  landing  at  Honolulu 
17  hours  later  in  the  early  morning  sun- 
shine. Then  only  four  daylight  flights 
to  Manila.  Easy  flights  these  four,  with 
nights  spent  on  the  tiny  base  islands  now 
sprung  into  new  world  prominence.  A 
final  half-day  flight  from  Manila  into 
Macao,  near  Canton,  on  the  China  coast. 

Bi-weekly  frequencies  are  planned  for 
the  first  flights,  with  air  mail  only.  Then 
weekly  service  with  mail,  passengers  and 
express.  As  traffic  builds,  and  it  should 
build  swiftly,  schedules  will  build  in 
speed  and  in  frequency. 

Then  Hawaii  will  be  the  49th  state  in 
fact  as  well  as  claim — and  the  age-old 
dream  of  a  new  golden  passage  to  the 
Orient  achieved  at  last. 


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Worumbo  Coats 
Reasonably  Priced 
742  Grant  Avenue 

San   Francisco  CHina  1500 

"WE    ARE    OPEN    SUNPAYS" 


THE  END 


A  CHINESE  INTERIOR 


uecemoer   o,    lyso 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  15 


FINANCE     COMMISSIONER     SAILS 

Mr.  Woo  Doon,  Commissioner  of  Fin- 
ance of  Kwangtung  Province,  sailed  for 
China  on  board  the  S.  S.  Hoover  last 
Friday.  Mr.  Woo  spent  nine  months  in 
the  United  States,  studying  the  economic 
condition  in  various  sections  of  Amer- 
ica. 

•  • 

CHANS  LEAVE  FOR  HONOLULU 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clarence  Chan  will  sail 
with  their  two  children,  Betty  and  Cal- 
vin, for  Honolulu,  on  Tuesday,  Dec.  10, 
aboard  the  liner,  Malolo. 

•  • 


SAMPAN  AND  CARAVAN 


/ 

4 

CHINA  MAIL 

Ships  arriving  from    China: 

President  Jefferson  (Seattle)  Dec. 
10;  President  Pierce  (San  Francisco) 
Dec.  10;  President  Coolidge  (San 
Francisco)  Dec.  18;  President  Jack- 
son (Seattle)  Dec.  24;  President  Wil- 
son   (San   Francisco)    Jan.  7. 

Ships  leaving   for  China: 

President  Johnson  (San  Fran- 
cisco) Dec.  6;  President  Lincoln 
(San  Francisco)  Dec.  13;  President 
Monroe  (San  Francisco)  Dec.  20; 
President  Coolidge  (San  Francisco) 
Dec.  27. 


CHINA  AIRLINE  STARTED 

Shanghai,  China —  The  long  planned 
Shanghai-Chengtu  mail  and  passenger 
airline  of  the  China  National  Aviation 
Corporation  is  now  in  operation,  run- 
ning a  twice-a-week  service  schedule  over 
this  3,500  mile  airline.  Service  from  the 
Shanghai  airport  is  on  Tuesdays  and 
Fridays,  and  from  Chengtu  on  Wednes- 
days and  Saturdays. 

The  planes  flying  this  route  make 
stops  on  such  famous  central  cities  as 
Nanking,  Kiukiang,  Hankow,  Ichang, 
and  Chungking  before  it  comes  to  the 
capital  of  Szechwan.  The  distance  be- 
tween Shanghai  and  Chengtu  is  covered 
in  less  than  a  day,  whereas,  by  rail  or 
water  transportation  it  required  several 
weeks. 


THE  THOUGHTFUL  GIFT 

Are  you  wondering  what  you  will  give  HIM,  HER  or  THEM 
for  Christmas?  Then,  may  we  suggest  a  gift  which  will  not  only 
give  the  recipient  a  wealth  of  enjoyable  reading,  but  also  serve  as 
a  weekly  reminder  of  YOU  throughout  the  year? 

It  will  be  educational,  stimulating,  and  chock  full  of  every- 
day news  of  interest, 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  THE  Thoughtful  Gift. 

EIGHT  MONTHS  FOR  ONE  DOLLAR 

THE   CHINESE  DIGEST 

Enclosed   please  find  the   sum    of  .__  (dollars)    for 

which    send   your   special    gift  offer    for   eight    months'   sub- 
scription to 

NAME    

ADDRESS 

CITY  STATE  

SENDER'S  NAME  

ADDRESS    _ 

CITY  STATE  


NAME    

ADDRESS    

CITY  STATE 

SENDER'S  NAME  

ADDRESS    

CITY  STATE 


With  the  first  issue  of  each  gift  offer  the  CHINESE  DIGEST  will  enclose  a 
Christmas  card  with  the  name  of  the  sender.    This  offer  expires  December  20. 


Chinese  Tobacco 
Business  Off 

The  tobacco  business  in  China  has  suf- 
fered a  serious  falling  off.  Both  produc- 
tion and  consumption  of  cigarettes  and 
cigars  have  been  reduced  to  the  lowest 
level  since   1927. 

The    decline    is     attributed     to     the    fol- 
lowing reasons: 

(1)  Collapse  of  farm  economy  and 
reduced  purchasing  power  of  the  public. 

(2)  Keen  competition  among  the  fac- 
tories resulting  in.  lowering  of  retail 
prices    and    closing    up    of   factories. 

(3)  Severe  foreign  competition  has  ta- 
ken away  a  substantial  part  of  the  dom- 
estic markets. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  total  Chinese 
capital  in  the  tobacco  business  aggre- 
gates #77,300,000,  Chinese  currency, 
while  the  total  foreign  capital  in  the 
same  business  amounts  to  approximately 
#200,000,000,  Chinese  currency.  The  to- 
tal production  of  Chinese  factories 
amounted  to  some  440,000  chests  during 
last  year.  Most  of  these  are  of  lower 
grades.  A  greater  number  of  the  expen- 
sive cigarettes  in  the  Chinese  markets 
were  imported. 

During  the  month  of  September, 
1935,  China  imported  about  one  million 
Chinese  dollars'  worth  of  tobacco  of 
which  about  60  per  cent  were  tobacco 
leaves,  20  per  cent  cigarettes,  and  20  per 
cent  cigars  and  other  forms  of  tobacco. 
The  United  States  supplied  most  of 
China's  tobacco  imports. 
•  • 

BANKERS  LEAVE  FOR  CHINA 
Among  the  prominent  passengers  who 
sailed  aboard  the  S.  S.  Hoover  last  Fri- 
day were  Mr.  C.  F.  Yu  and  Mr.  Chen. 
Mr.  Yu  is  manager  of  the  Sin  Hua  Trust 
and  Savings  Bank  at  Tientsin.  Mr. 
Chen,  formerly  connected  with  the  Bank 
of  China,  London  Agency,  spent  three 
weeks  in  the  United  States  studying  the 
American  banking  situation,  and  will  be 
associated  with  Mr.  Yu  in  Tientsin.  Mr. 
Chen  is  a  former  student  of  Columbia 
University,  N.  Y.  U,  and  the  University 
of  Illinois. 

Another      prominent      passenger      was 
Meng      Chi,       Editor      of      the       "China 
Speech"  and  a  contributing  editor  of  the 
"China    Institute   of    America". 
•  • 

Hunan  leads  in  the  production  of 
antimony  in  the  world  and  produces  the 
greatest  amount  of  aluminum,  zinc  and 
manganese   in  the  country. 


Page   16 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  6,  1935 


~«<$ri 


ROOS 


ROOS   "STOVER" 

A  Hot  Number  for  every  day  in 
the  year  .  .  .  Light  as  the  song  in 
your  heart;   warm  as  the  . 

glow  of  a  hearth ^^** 


RooaBfo* 


MARKET    AT   STOCKTON 


Digest 


-.   MftWS  -   SPO&TS  -   SOCIAL  -    COMWCWT 

^  feusiW€Ss-(?»aos,omy-t.aefttt.7uce  »Te,^vet 


Vol.   1,  No.   5 


December    13,    1935 


Cents 


NEWS   ABOUT   CHINA 

U.  S.,  BRITAIN  WARN  JAPAN 

By  Tsu  Pan 


The  United  States  and  Great  Britain  sim- 
ultaneously pointed  accusing  fingers  at  Japan 
last  week  for  its  intricate  plot  against  China. 

In  a  formal  statement  "in  regard  to  the 
'autonomous  movement'  in  North  China,  Chi- 
nese and  Japanese  activities  in  relation  there- 
to," Secretary  of  State  Cordell  Hull  called  the 
attention  of  the  world  to  the  fact  that  solemn 
pledges  of  nations  must  be  respected.  He  did 
*YS|  not  mention  the  name  of  Japan  but  it  was 
III  easily  discernible  that  Japan  was  being  charged 
for  treaty  violation.  He  let  the  world  know 
that  unusual  developments  in  China  are  rightfully  and 
necessarily  of  concern,  not  only  to  the  Chinese  govern- 
ment, alone,  but  also  to  other  powers  who,  by  treaty, 
have  rights  and  interests  in  China. 

Threat  to  Treaty  Rights  and  Obligations 
"There  is  going  on  in  and  with  regard  to  North 
China,"  Mr.  Hull  said,  "a  political  struggle  which  is 
unusual  in  character  and  which  may  have  far  reaching 
effects.  The  persons  mentioned  in  reports  of  it  are 
many;  opinions  with  regard  to  it  vary;  what  may  come 
of  it  no  one  could  safely  undertake  to  say;  but,  what- 
ever the  origin,  whoever  the  agents,  be  what  they  may 
the  methods,  the  fact  stands  out  that  an  effort  is  being 
made — and  is  being  resisted — to  bring  about  a  substan- 
tial chancre  in  the  political  status  and  condition  of  sev- 
eral  of  China's  northern   provinces." 

And  Hull  made  it  clear  that  such  political  disturb- 
ances can  not  help  but  make  difficult  the  enjoyment  of 
treaty  rights  and  fulfillment  of  treaty  obligations.  Since 
the  United  States  is  one  of  the  powers  who  have  vested 
interests  in  China,  the  American  government  is  there- 
fore closely  observing  what  is  happening  there.^  Hull 
specifically  pointed  out  that  this  is  a  period  of  "world- 
wide unrest  and  economic  instability,"  thus  telling  the 
world  the  United  States  is  not  so  much  preoccupied  by 
the  Ethiooian  crisis  as  to  be  oblivious  of  its  Asiatic  in- 
terests. Hull  requested  the  nations  of  the  world  to 
keep  their  faith  and  principles  and  pledges. 

Sir  Hoare  Denounces  Japanese  Action 
In    the  British   House  of   Commons,   Foreign  Sec- 
retary Sir  Samuel  Hoare  made  an   even  more  straight- 
s-ward statement   in   denouncing  Japanese  action.  He 
flatly    asserted    his   belief   that    Japanese    influence    was 


brought  about  to  shape  Chinese  internal  politics.  "I 
can  only  regard  it  as  unfortunate,"  Sir  Samuel  told  the 
House,  "that  events  should  have  taken  place  which, 
whatever  actual  truth  of  the  matter  may  be,  lend  color 
to  belief  that  Japanese  influence  is  exerted  to  shape 
Chinese  internal  political  developments  and  adminis- 
trative arrangements.  Anything  which  tends  to  create 
this  belief  can  only  do  harm  to  the  prestige  of  Japan  and 
hamper  developments,  which  we  all  desire,  of  the 
friendliest  mutual  relations  between  Japan  and  her 
neighbors  and  friends." 

In  Chinese  circles,  the  statements  from  Hull  and 
Hoare  were  received  with  high  enthusiasm.  It  was 
hailed  as  a  strong  rebuke  to  Japan  for  its  part  in  insti- 
gating the  North  China  autonomous  movement. 

But  in  Tokio,  government  officials  grinned  with 
nonchalance.  One  foreign  office  spokesman  commented 
that  Hull  was  trying  to  reiterate  the  principles  of 
international  law.  He  wished  to  know  whether  Hull's 
statement  was  merely  a  manifestation  of  his  ideals  or 
whether  he  was  going  to  take  concrete  steps.  As  to 
the  British  statement,  the  same  spokesman  said  that  it 
is  apparently  a  description  of  recent  Ahglo-Chinese  rela- 
tions, insinuating  that  the  latter  countries  must  have 
come  to  some  kind  of  an  economic  alignment  as  the 
Japanese   have  suspected. 

Political  Affairs  Commission 
In  China  it  is  heralded  that  a  plan  has  been  de- 
vised by  which  the  Japanese  desire  and  Chinese  pres- 
tige could  both  be  maintained.  According  to  the  plan 
the  Nanking  government  would  issue  a  decree  estab- 
lishing a  political  affairs  commission  for  Hopei  and 
Chahar  Provinces.  This  commission  is  virtually  auton- 
omous in  every  way  except  that  it  recognizes  the  sov- 
ereignty of  Nanking.  It  will  control  foreign  relations 
and  collect  revenues  for  salt  monopoly  and  the  cus- 
toms. General  Sung  Cheh-Yuan  is  to  be  chairman  of 
this  commission.  However,  another  report  stated  that 
'~~->eral  Sung  is  now  retired  in  a  mountain  retreat  near 
Peipincf   on   account  of  Japanese  pressure. 

The  establishment  of  the  political  affairs   commis- 
sion   meant    a    virtual    compromise    with    the    Japanese 
militarists'    desire   to    create    an    autonomist   state   from 
the    provinces    of    Hooei,    Shan-tung,    Shansi,    Chahar, 
(Continued    on   Page   2) 


Page  2 


CHINESE       DICEST 


December   13.    1935 


NEWS  ABOUT  CHINA 

(Continued    from   Page    1) 

and    Suiyuan.    It     would     also    maintain 
Nanking's   prestige    in    the   nominal    con- 
trol of  the  areas  under  dispute.  Up  to  the 
minute    of   this   writing,   however,    no    re- 
port   has    been    received    to    confirm    the 
actual    establishment    of    the    commission. 
National  Congress  Election 
In    Nanking,    at   the    close   of   the   Na- 
tional   Congress    of    Kuomintang,    a   gen- 
eral   election    was    held   at   which    practi- 
cally   all   the   important    positions   of   the 
National  Government  had  been  changed. 
Aged    Lin    Sen    was,    however,    re-elected 
chairman    of    the   National    Government. 
Hu    Han-min,    who    had    been    separated 
from    Nanking    on    account    of    a    differ- 
ence    in    political     opinion,    was    elected 
chairman  of   the  Central  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the   Kuomintang.  Wang  Ching 
Wei    was    elected    chairman    of    the    Cen- 
tral   Political    Council.    Chiang    Kai-shek 
assumed  the  post  of  vice-chairman.   Gen- 
eral   Chiang    was    also    elected    president 
of    the     Executive     Yuan,     which     corre- 
sponds to    the  post  of   prime  minister  in 
other    countries.     The    portfolio    of    min- 
ister   of    foreign    affairs    went    to    Chang 
Chung,  a  Japanese   returned   student  and 
one  time  mayor  of  Shanghai. 
Highest   Organ 
According  to   the   constitution   of   Kuo- 
mintang,  the   highest   organ    of  the    Kuo- 
mintang is  the   National  Congress,  which 
is      convened      once      every      two      years. 
This    body    elects    the    Central    Executive 
Committee     to      represent     the     National 
Congress    when   it  is   not    in    session.   Dir- 
ectly   under   the    Central    Executive   Com- 
mittee   is    the    Central    Political    Council 
whose  duty   it  is   to  determine   the  funda- 
mental   policies    to    be    executed    by    the 
national     government.     The     relation     of 
the   Kuomintang    and    the    national    Gov- 
ernment   was  not    formally   denned    until 
October,    1928,    when    the   period   of   pol- 
itical     tutelage     was     supposedly      begun, 
and  the   "Principles   Underlying  the  Per- 
iod   of    Political    Tutelage"    was    promul- 
gated.   According    to    this    principle,    the 
National    Congress     of     the     Kuomintang 
acts    for   the    Chinese    people    in    the    ex- 
ercise of  their  political   rights  during  the 
period   of   political   tutelage. 

When  the  National  Congress  is  not  in 
session  the  political  rights  are  exercised 
by  the  Central  Executive  Committee. 
The  administrative  functions  of  the 
state  is  entrusted  to  the  National  Gov- 
ernment. The  direction  and  control  of 
the  National  Government  in  the  admini- 
stration of  important  state  affairs  is 
given  to  the  Central  Political  Council 
of   the   Central    Executive    Committee.    In 


CHINA  IN  WORLD  OLYMPICS 

It  is  definitely  known  that  China  shall 
take  part  in  the  Tenth  World  Olympic 
Games  to  be  held  in  Berlin  August  1, 
1936.  The  National  Government  of 
China  ..has  ..appropriated  ..a  .sum  ..of 
#170,000  for  that  purpose. 
•  • 

AN  ATHLETIC  COMPARISON 

In  our  Nov.  22  issue,  results  of  the 
Sixth  Chinese  National  Athletic  Meet 
were  published.  It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  most  of  the  performances  were 
above  par  on  the  average,  from  a  Chi- 
nese viewpoint.  The  times  and  distances 
however,  turned  in  by  the  Far  East 
Chinese  seemed  to  be  slightly  below  that 
of   the  American-born   Chinese. 

In  the  track  events,  the  Eastern  Chi- 
nese seem  to  excel.  For  the  100-meter 
dash,  the  time  of  10.8  is  exceptionally 
fast.  100  meters  is  equal  to  about  109 
yards,  and  if  the  race  had  been  for  100 
yards,  the  time  would  have  been  about 
9.9.  And   that's  not  slow  time. 

For  the  200  meter  race  (about  218 
yards)  the  time  of  22.9  is  on  a  par  with 
the  times  turned  in  by  our  Western  boys. 
The  time  of  2:03.1  for  the  800  meters 
(872   yards)    is  a  good  feat. 

In  the  field  events,  the  Asiatic  Chinese 
do  not  seem  to  be  very  proficient.  123 '4" 
is  below  average  for  the  discus  throw,  but 
the  distance  of  164'7"  for  the  javelin 
throw  is  good,  as  the  American-born  boys 
cannot  surpass   these  marks. 

22'8"  being  the  record  of  the  Shang- 
tai  meet,  for  the  broad  jump  event,  they 
would  have  a  hard  time  competing  with 
the  local  boys,  who  are  capable  of  doing 
better  than  23  feet.  Even  our  110-pound 
youngsters  jump  around  21  feet,  and 
fometimes  better   than   that. 

The  record  high  jump  mark  of  5'8" 
is  not  so  sensational,  either.  The  winner 
of  that  event  at  Shanghai  might  pos- 
sibly capture  a  third  or  fourth  place  in 
the  meets  held  by  our  boys  in  the  Ameri- 
can cities. 


other  words,  during  the  period  of  poli- 
tical tutelage,  the  Central  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Kuomintang  is  to  re- 
present the  bulk  of  the  nation  and  ex- 
ercise the  political  rights  on  their  behalf, 
while  the  National  Government  under 
the  direction  and  control  of  the  Central 
Political  Council  is  to  exercise  the  ad- 
ministrative powers  in  carryng  out  the 
affairs  of  the  State,  The  line  of  authority 
thus  runs  from  the  Central  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Kuomintang,  through 
the  Central  Political  Council,  to  the 
National    Government. 


Shanghai's    New 
Social  Racket 

A  new  racket,  a  variation  of  the 
"party  girl"  idea  prevalent  in  America, 
has  sprung  up  and  taken  root  in  the 
Paris  of  the  Orient  for  the  social  con- 
venience of  the  treaty  port's  Chinese 
flaming  youth  and  tired  business  men. 
As  a  contribution  to  the  city's  night  life 
many  service  bureaus  have  been  set  up, 
the  only  function  of  which  is  to  furnish 
young  dancing  partners  and  party  es- 
corts to  those  unattached  gentlemen, 
young  and  old,  whose  money  help  to 
sustain  the  business  of  hundreds  of  ca- 
barets and  ultra  modern  night  clubs  of 
Shanghai. 

Each  of  these  bureaus  has  scores  of 
dancing  girls  on  call,  and  a  gentleman 
coming  to  the  bureau  pays  a  flat  fee  of 
thirrty  cents,  selects  the  lady  of  his 
choice,  and  takes  her  out  for  a  night's 
social  spree  which  does  not  end  until  the 
dawn,  for  Shanghai  is  a  city  that  never 
sleeps.  How  much  the  "party  girl" 
charges  for  her  services  is  a  matter  be- 
tween her  and    her    particular   escort. 

These  "girl  date"  bureaus  are  spring- 
ing up  one  by  one,  and  although  the 
Chinese  authorities  frown  upon  this  new 
evidence  of  what  they  consider  moral 
laxity,  very  little  is  done  about  it. 
•  • 

CHINESE  GONE  HOLLYWOOD 

Hundreds  of  Chinese  are  now  working 
in  motion  pictures  at  several  major 
studios.  Paramount.  Universal,  R.  K.  O. 
and  M.  G.  M.  have  been  raiding  the 
Chinatowns  all  along  the  Pacific  Coast 
for  Chinese  talent. 

The  picture"Klondike  Lou",  starring 
Mae  West,  has  many  Orientals  in  it.  as 
has  "Anything  Goes",  with   Bing  Crosby. 

On  the  "Mother  Lode"  sets  at  the 
R.  K.  O.  lot.  Orientals  with  their  make- 
up resembling  early  day  pioneers  are 
used.  A  large  number  of  Chinese  are 
working  on  "Sutter's  Gold". 

Two  hundred  Chinese  are  expected  to 
be  used  in  "Good  Earth",  the  gigantic 
M.  G.  M.  production  of  Pearl  Buck's 
best  seller,  starring  Paul  Muni  and 
Louise  Rainer.  a  new  star  from  Austria 
•  • 

A  son  was  born  on  Nov.  21  to  the  wife 
of  Quon  Chun.  701  Alice  Street,  Oak- 
land, Calif. 


LONGS    BAZAAR 

TOYS   -    NOTIONS       ICE  CREAM 

CANDY       CONFECTIONS 

1100  Powell  Street 

San  Francisco  -  California 

r  - 


December    13.    1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  3 


CHINATOWNIA 


LAUNDRY    ORDINANCE    PASSED 

All  Chinese  laundries  will  operate 
from  seven  in  the  morning  till  seven  at 
night  henceforth,  according  to  an  an- 
nouncement made  by  the  Chinese  Laun- 
dry Association.  Any  concern  found 
still  open  after  seven  P.  M.  will  be  sub- 
jected to  a  fine  of  $500.00  or  six  weeks 
imprisonment,    it   was    ruled    by    the    city. 


Hong  Kong   Restaurant 
Announces    the   Opening   of 

HONG    KONG 
TAVERN 


At    1125    Franklin    St.,    Oakland 

"We    Serve   the    Best   Straight  Liquors 
and    Mixed    Drinks    in    Town" 


—AT  THE  TAVERN— 
Tom    Donlin  Jack  Burns 

"Open  Day  and   Night" 

Featuring 

Chinese   and   American   Dishes 


Restaurant 

1701-1703 
Seventh  St. 


Restaurant 

1121-1123 
Franklin  Street 


Tavern 

1125   Franklin  St. 


S.  F.  J.  C.  Forms 
Student  Club 

The  newly-formed  Chinese  Students' 
Club  of  San  Francisco  Junior  College 
held  its  first  social  at  the  International 
Institute  recently.  Mr.  Edward  Sandy,  a 
member  of  the  faculty  who  has  been 
appointed  advisor  to  the  club,  was  host 
for  the  evening.  Refreshments  were 
served.  Dancing,  bridge,  and  entertain- 
ment were  enjoyed  by  all.  Dance  music 
was  furnished  by  the  Chinatown  Knights. 

Officers  of  the  club  are  as  follow*: 
president,  Wallace  Mark;  vice-president, 
Gladys  Chin;  secretary,  George  Chinn; 
and    treasurer,  Stephen  Pond. 

•  • 
AGED  MAN  DIES 

Lee  Lit,  sixty  years  of  age,  passed 
away  last  week  at  the  San  Francisco 
Hospital.  His  death  was  attributed  to 
double   pneumonia. 

Lee  complained  of  feeling  ill  in  the 
evening,  and  was  rushed  to  the  hospital, 
where    he    died   early    the   next   morning. 

BIG  GAME  PICTURES  TO 
BE  SHOWN  AT  "Y" 

Motion  pictures  of  the  Stanford-Cali- 
fornia Big  Game  will  be  shown  at  the 
Chinese  Y.M.C.A.  December  19,  from  8 
to  9  p.  m.  This  program  was  arranged 
through  the  courtesy  of  Roos  Bros,  and 
Harry    Mew.     The    public    is    invited. 

This  full  hour  program  includes 
showing  of  both  the  California  and 
Stanford  bands  before  the  game  and  be- 
tween halves.  Bleacher  and  rooting  sec- 
tion stunts  will  be  shown,  as  well  as  the 
complete  game  from  start  to  finish,  with 
Mr.  Greer,  of  Roos  Bros.,  commenting 
on   and    explaining  the   plays. 

•  • 


Tostal  Telegraph 

BE  DIFFERENT 

Send  a  Postal  Telegram  this  Christmas  and  New  Year. 
The  Postal  Telegraph  Company  offers  you  a  new  low  rate 
Holiday  Greetings  Service  to  anywhere  in  the  United  States 
delivered  on  Christmas  or  New  Years,  on  attractive  blanks 
and  envelopes  by  uniformed  messengers.  Your  choice  of 
many  prepared  messages  for  only  25c,  or  a  message  of  your 
own  composition,  of  15  words  or  less,  for  35c  ..  .  with  the  cus- 
tomary address  and  signature  free  .  .  .  Additional  words  in 
excess  of  the  15  words  for  only  a  few  cents  each  .  .  .  City  mes- 
sages for  only  20c.  For  further  information  see 
THOMAS  LEONG,  Manager 
Chinatown  Branch  Postal  Telegraph  Company 


EDUCATIONAL  FILMS 
ATTRACT  MANY 

The  weekly  motion  picture  programs 
at  the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  are  still  draw- 
ing the  interest  and  attention  of  the  com- 
munity. The  program  on  December  5 
and  6  was  particularly  interesting,  and 
was  very  well  received.  Tuberculosis:  its 
symptoms,  cure  and  prevention.  This 
was  the  title  and  story  of  the  motion 
pictures  told  in  very  interesting  form, 
furnished  by  the  San  Francisco  Tuber- 
culosis   Association. 

The  Y.M.C.A.  lobby  was  a  display  of 
attractive  and  colorful  posters  on  tuber- 
culosis prevention.  Pamphlets  were  dis- 
tributed giving  suggestions  as  to  preven- 
tion of  the  dreaded  disease  and  also  its 
symptoms    and    cure. 

The  motion  pictures  were  very  clearly 
interpreted  in  Chinese  by  Dr.  Chin  Y. 
Low,  who  also  gave  a  talk  on  the  symp- 
toms, prevention  and  cure  of  tubercu- 
losis. He  pointed  out  that  tuberculosis 
ranks  as  the  third  highest  cause  of  death 
in  the  United  States,  and  that  Chinatown 
has  the  highest  death  rate  of  any  section 
in  the  city.  He  attributed  this  to  the 
poor    living   quarters    in    Chinatown- 

Dr.  Low  pointed  out  that  the  spread 
of  the  disease  would  be  greatly  controlled 
if  everyone  coughed  into  a  handker- 
chief; if  we  did  away  with  the  old  cus- 
tom of  drinking  tea  from  cups  placed 
in  a  bowl,  and  the  taking  of  soup  directly 
from    a   center    bowl    at   dinner. 

A  great  deal  of  interest  was  created  by 
the  talk,  as  evidenced  by  the  many  ques- 
tions   the    doctor    answered    to    the    satis- 
faction   of    the    audience. 
•  • 

Arthur  N.  Dick,  well  known  among 
the  Chinese  of  San  Francisco,  has  re- 
cently affiliated  himself  with  James  W. 
McAllister,  Inc.  automobile  distributors 
of  this   city. 

A  banquet  in  Dick's  honor  was  tended 
him  by  members  of  the  McAllister  or- 
ganization,   held    at    the    Ko    Sing    Cafe. 

Among  the  guests  present  were: 

Kern  Loo,  Wong  Bok  Chow,  S.  Y. 
Chow,  B.  Y.  Yee,  and  H.  Y.  Sik. 


What  is  More  Thoughtful 

Than  a  Photograph 

for    Christmas 

Appointments   Made  by    Telephone 

YEE  WONG  STUDIO 

57  Brenham  Place  CHina   1221 


,  a 


Page  4 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  13,   1935 


CHINATOWNIA 


POO-POO 

By   Bob  Poon 


Some  people  wondered  why  it  rained 
on  Monday  for  such  a  little  while.  Well, 
the  weather  man  took  pity  on  some  out- 
of-towners,  who  phoned  home  and  said 
it  rained  in  S.  F.  when  it  didn't.  (I 
wonder  who?) 

•  • 

Have  you  noticed  the  brand  new 
wrist  watch  that  "Colday"  is  wearing? 
Well,  it  was  a  birthday  present  to  him, 
the  lucky  bum.  I  guess  I'll  tell  my 
friends    when    my    birthday    is   due,    too. 

•  • 

Stepping  out  into  high  society  (so  to 
speak)  our  reporter,  Bob,  forsook  his 
usual  haunts  and  attended  the  EHSC 
Dance  in  the  Terrace  room  of  the  Fair- 
mont Hotel  on  December  7.  Those  in 
his  party  were  Misses  Alyce  J.  Eng, 
Marian   Lee,   and   Bill    Young. 

•  • 


The 

GOLDEN  STAR  RADIO 
COMPANY 

RCA  .  PHILCO  .  WESTONE 

LOWEST  REPAIR   PRICES 

CONSISTENT  WITH 

QUALITY  WORK 

TIME  PAYMENTS 

846  Clay  St.  CHina  2322 

San  Francisco,  California 


MALKASON 

MOTOR  COMPANY 

• 

OLDSMOBILE 

Mission  Dealer 

See    us    before   you   buy 
your     new     Oldsmobile. 


"It   will    pay  you    well." 


2925  MISSION  ST.,  NEAR  25TH 

San    Francisco  California 

VAlencia  7474 


Chinatown  Progressive 
Association  Meets 

On  Dec.  15,  a  luncheon  meeting  will 
be  given  by  members  of  the  Chinatown 
Progressive  Association  to  map  out  an 
effective  campaign  to  improve  condi- 
tions  in   Chinatown. 

H.  W.  Key,  chairman,  in  an  interview, 
made  the  following  preliminary  state- 
ment: "We  want  better  housing  condi- 
tions, cleaner  streets,  and  adequate  social 
service  in  Chinatown.  This  can  only  be 
achieved  through  political  unity.  We 
must  make  Chinatown  vote  conscious. 
We  must  teach  the  younger  generation 
to  vote  intelligently.  Already,  the  Cathay 
Post  and  the  Native  Sons  Association 
are  making  great  headway  fn  this  direc- 
tion. What  we  need  now  is  unity  of 
purpose."  The  public  is  invited  to  attend 
the   luncheon    at   Sun   Hang   Heong. 

•  • 

WAKU  AUXILIARY  PLAN  DANCE 
The  Waku  Auxiliary  girls  of  the  East 
Bay  are  busy  planning  their  annual 
dance  for  Chinese  New  Year  on  the 
evening  of  January   25. 

It  has  been  reported  that  they  expect 
to  make  this  affair  a  hi-light  of  the  New 
Year  season. 


RECORD  ATTENDANCE  FOR 
CHINESE  FILM 

Grand  View  Film  Company's  talking 
and  singing  picture,  "Patriot",  was 
shown  last  Sunday  at  the  Mandarin 
Theatre,  before  a  record-breaking 
crowd,  shattering  all  previous  records  for 
pictures  produced  in  China. 

"Patriot"  is  made  in  the  Cantonese 
dialect.  This  film  is  all  Chinese  in  its 
production  and  the  cast  is  all-Chinese. 
Photography  work,  scenario  and  screen 
adaptation    were    also    done    by    Chinese. 

Joseph  Sunn,  a  San  Franciscan,  was 
in  charge  of  the  filming  of  the  picture. 
Chan  Shek  Hung,  a  graduate  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  California,  was  the  sound  ex- 
pert. Paul  Fong,  also  a  California  grad- 
uate, who  recently  brought  all  the  latest 
motion  picture  equipments  from  Holly- 
wood, was  the  electrical  engineer  on 
radio  and  sound  effects. 
•  • 

A  note  of  progressiveness  may  be 
found  in  the  show  window  of  the  Golden 
Star   Radio  Company. 

Catching  the  spirit  of  the  season, 
Thomas  Tong  has  gayly  trimmed  his 
window  with  electrical  gift  suggestions 
in  a   Christmas  setting. 


Let  Us  Take  Your  Order  Now  for  Special 

CHRISTMAS  ICE  CREAM  and 
CHRISTMAS   FRUIT  CAKE 


FDHG 

FDUIITRin 


FDnG 

BRKtRU 


"Originators   of  Lichee  Ice  Cream" 

FONG  FONG'S  FANCY  BOXED  COOKIES 

IS  THE  PERFECT  CHRISTMAS  GIFT 

FREE   DELIVERY 


824  GRANT  AVENUE 
San  Francisco  - 


CHina    1010 
California 


December    13,    1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  5 


Filming  of   'Good  Earth" 
to  Start  Soon 

After  spending  many  weeks  up  and 
down  the  Pacific  Coast  searching  for 
Chinese  farmer  types,  Metro-Goldwyn- 
Mayer  is  about  ready  to  begin  the  film- 
ing of  Pearl  Buck's  peasant  epic,  "Good 
Earth".  More  than  a  month  ago  the  film 
company  dispatched  several  scouts  to 
San  Francisco,  Sacramento,  Portland, 
and  Seattle — centers  of  large  Chinese 
population —  to  find  suitable  types 
among  men  and  women  in  these  colonies 
to  inject  the  proper  atmosphere  into  the 
picture.  The  studio  demanded  Chinese 
who  could  speak  English  distinctly  and 
correctly.  The  result  of  this  search  was 
not  what  had  been  expected,  for  al- 
though more  than  three  hundred  men 
and  women  in  San  Francisco,  and  about 
half  that  many  in  the  other  cities  re- 
gistered their  willingnpss  to  let  them- 
selves appear  on  the  screen,  few  were 
found  who  could  meet  the  requirements. 
The  net  contingent  after  the  final  selec- 
tion was  about  a  dozen  who  may  be  suit- 
able, among  them  several  American- 
born  Chinese  girls   and   women. 

A  fortnight  ago  those  selected  were 
sent  to  Hollywood  and  given  screen  tests 
as  to  their  real  possibilities. 

Meanwhile  about  500  acres  of  land  in 
Los  Angeles  have  been  converted  into 
rice  fields  and  grains  have  been  planted 
to  complete  the  effects  of  real  rice-fields 
in  China. 

The  studio  is  still  undecided  as  to  who 
will  take  the  part  of  Lotus.  Who  knows 
but  that  one  of  our  Chinese  girls  may  be 
given  the  part? 

Technicolor  For 
Chinese  Talkie 

The  first  talking  picture  in  the  Can- 
tonese dialect  now  being  completed  in 
Hollywood  by  the  Kwong  Ngai  Talking 
Picture  Company  of  San  Francisco  will 
make  use  of  the  technicolor  process  for 
its  scenic  highlights,  officials  of  the  com- 
pany recently  announced.  Although 
many  Chinese  talking  picture  produc- 
tions have  been  made  in  this  country  by 
Chinese  companies  now  defunct,  this  is 
the  first  time  technicolor  has  been  intro- 
duced into  the  filming  of  an  all-Chinese 
picture. 

American  experts  in  the  technicolor 
process,  which  is  still  a  comparitively 
new  cinema  art  even  in  Hollywood,  have 
been  employed  for  this  purpose.  The 
new  local  picture  company  hopes  to 
make  an  elaborate  picture  in  their  initial 
production.  The  picture,  with  the  ten- 
tative title  of  "Heartaches",  is  now  being 


TEA    AND     LANTERNS 


POND-YEP  WEDDING 

The  wedding  of  Miss  Constance 
Jeanne  Pond  to  John  Yep  was  solemn- 
ized at  a  lovely  church  wedding. 

The  bride  was  gowned  in  white  duch- 
ess satin  with  a  long  train.  Orange 
blossoms  were  arranged  to  form  a  heart 
point  in  front,  with  yards  of  tulle  to 
complete    her  veil. 

Miss    Emily    Lee,    the    maid    of    honor, 


wore  delicate  pink  taffeta  squared  with 
silver  thread,  and  silver  slippers  to  match. 
The  bride's  mother  wore  a  gold  satin 
dress. 

The  best  man  was  Stewart  W.  Pond, 
brother  of  the  bride. 

Fidelis  Coterie 

The  Fidelis  Coterie  held  its  regular 
meeting  at  a  luncheon  in  the  Gray  Room 
of  the  Fairmont  Hotel  Wednesday, 
Dec.  4.  After  the  meeting,  the  members 
played  ma  jong.  There  are  17  members 
and  the  organization  is  composed  of 
matrons  of  the  bay  region.  The  president 
of  the  club  is  Mrs.  Joe  Shoong,  and  the 
hostess  for  the  luncheon  was  Mrs.  Kim- 
ball  Ho. 

•  • 

Mrs.  Eugene  Wong  of  Seattle,  (the 
former  Irene  Chan  of  this  city)  is  spend- 
ing the  holidays  with  her  mother.  She 
is  here  with  her  little  daughter,  Shirley 
Jean. 


rapidly  completed  and  is  scheduled  for 
an  early  showing,  according  to  latest  re- 
ports. 


CHANS  CELEBRATE 
SECOND  ANNIVERSARY 

On  Dec.  3,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Myron  Chan 
celebrated  their  second  anniversary  at 
home. 

Among  those  present  were: 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roy  Handley,  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  D.  K.  Chang,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  A.  B. 
Chinn,  Messrs.  and  Mesdames  Roy 
Middleton,  Patrick  Sun,  James  R.  Lee, 
Jack  Smith,  Yee  Wong,  Dr.  Alice  Ah 
Tye,  Miss  Lillian  Chew,  and  Messrs. 
Chen  Pak  Tang  and  Wong  Gum. 
•  • 

DONGS  GIVE  BUFFET 

On  the  evening  of  Dec.  7,  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Collin  Dong  gave  a  buffet,  card 
and  ma  jong  party  at  their  home  on 
Powell  Street.  Of  particular  interest  were 
the   many  colored  ma  jong  sets. 

Among  those  present  were: 

Consul  and  Mrs.  Huang,  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
James  Hall,  Messrs.  and  Mesdames  Pat- 
rick Sun,  Kimball  Ho,  Francis  Moon, 
Leland  Kimlau,  Charles  Chan,  Mrs. 
Hong  Chinn,  Miss  Violet  Yum,  and 
Messrs.  Charles  Lowe,  Ralph  Lew,  and 
L.  David  Lee. 

•  • 

200  Attend  Square 
and  Circle  Dance 

The  tenth  annual  Hope  Chest  Dance 
of  the  Square  and  Circle  Club,  held  Dec. 
7,  was  well  attended.  As  an  insignia,  each 
member  wore  in  her  hair  a  circlet  of 
fresh,  golden  flowers,  carrying  out  the 
club  colors  of  black  and  gold. 

The  winning  ticket  for  the  Hope 
Chest  was  held  by  C.  B.  Lock  of  911 
Grant  Avenue,  ticket  number  0496,  sold 
by  Mae  Chinn. 

Second  prize,  a  pair  of  Chinese  vases, 
went  to  Doyen  Lowe,  Lowe  Apts.,  ticket 
number  1277,  sold  by   Bertha  Wong. 

Third  prize,  a  large  Chinese  salad 
bowl,  went  to  Mrs.  Ong  of  827  Kearny 
Street,  ticket  number  3745,  sold  by  Mrs. 
Harry   Mew. 

Miss  Helen  Fong  is  president  of  the 
organization.  Miss  Bertha  Wong,  service 
chairman,  was  in  charge  of  the  chest, 
and  Mrs.  Earl  Louie,  social  chairman, 
took  charge  of  arrangements  for  the 
dance. 

•  • 

A  daughter  was  born  on  Nov.  28  to 
the  wife  of  Ching  Loung,  961  Wa*h- 
ington   Street,   San   Francisco,   Calif. 


Page  6 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  13,   1935 


ROMANCE  OF  SILK 


The  Chinese  related  that  once  upon  a 
time,  about  5,000  years  ago,  in  the 
Kingdom  of  Shu,  there  lived  a  maiden, 
whose  name  was  Ts'an  Nu.  She  had 
just  reached  the  marriageable  age,  when 
one  day  bandits  attacked  her  home  and 
carried  off  her  father.  The  family 
searched  for  a  whole  year  for  him,  in 
vain. 

Finally,  in  despair,  Ts'an  Nu's  mother 
promised  her  daughter  in  marriage  to 
anyone  who  would  bring  back  the  father 
alive  and  well.  Whereupon  their  horse 
suddenly  broke  out  of  his  stable  and 
ran  away.  A  few  days  later  he  came 
home,  bearing  Ts'an  Nu's  father  on  his 
back  safe  and  well.  Though  the  horse 
neighed  and  kicked  and  stamped  inces- 
santly and  refused  all  food,  the  family 
laughed.  "Surely,"  said  the  head  of  the 
house,  "no  one  expects  us  to  marry  our 
daughter  off  to  a  horse."  The  horse 
thereupon  became  more  violent  than 
ever,  and  the  father,  in  a  rage,  shot  him 
dead  with  an  arrow,  skinned  him  and 
spread  the  hide  on  the  ground  to  dry. 

Shortly  after,  as  Ts'an  Nu  was  passing 
the  spot,  the  skin  suddenly  jumped  up, 
wrapped  itself  around  her,  and  both 
skin  and  girl  vanished  into  the  air.  A 
few  days  later  the  skin  was  found  at  the 
foot  of  a  mulberry  tree,  and  there  on  a 
branch  was  Ts'an  Nu,  changed  into  a 
silkworm,  nibbling  the  mulberry  leaves 
and  spinning  herself  a  silken  garment.  A 
few  nights  later  her  distracted  parents 
saw  her  in  a  vision  riding  through  the 
clouds  on  the  horse,  surrounded  by  celes- 
tial serving  maidens.  She  spoke  to  her 
father  and  mother  and  told  them  not  to 
grieve,  as  she  was  happy  in  Paradise. 
Ma  H'ou  Niang 
So  runs  the  Chinese  fable  of  the  first 
silkworm.  Ever  since  that  day  Ts'an  Nu 
has  been  worshipped  throughout  China 
as  the  goddess  of  the  silk  industry.  Her 
image  can  be  found  in  every  town, 
wrapped  in  a  horse's  skin,  and  called 
Ma  T'ou  Niang — "The  Lady  with  the 
Horse's  Head."  Worship  of  this  great 
goddess  has  never  ceased,  and  a  special 
sacrifice  is  still  offered  on  the  third  day 
r>f  the  third  moon  in  every  house  where 
the   worm  is  bred. 

Industry  Originated  in  China 
According  to  the  Chinese  legend,  the 
art  of  silk  culture  was  introduced  by 
Lei  Tsu,  consort  of  the  Yellow  Emperor, 
who  ruled  in  2698  B.  C.  She  is  also  sup- 
posed to  have  taught  the  use  of  the 
loom   to  her  people. 

There    is   no    time  in  recorded  Chinese 
history    when    the    raising    of    silk    worms 


By  Dr.  Henry  H.  Hart 

and  the  weaving  of  silk  has  not  been 
carried  on,  and  beyond  question  of  a 
doubt  the  industry  originated  in  China. 
It  would  be  interesting  to  speculate  on 
the  years  of  observation  of  the  life  habits 
of  the  silk  worm  necessary  to  develop  the 
processes  of  breeding  the  worm,  and  on 
the  vast  amount  of  experimenting  in 
spinning,  winding  and  dyeing  the 
thread,  and  finally  in  weaving  gorgeous 
fabrics  for  which  the  Sons  of  the  Mid- 
dle Kingdom  have  been  famous  for  un- 
told centuries. 

Derivation  of  "Silk" 
The  word  "silk"  comes  from  China. 
The  Chinese  call  it  "ssu".  The  Mongols 
called  it  "sirkek",  and  the  Western 
world  took  it  over  from  the  Mongols  and 
Central  Asia  in  the  Greek  form  "seri- 
con",  whence  the  Latin  "serimum"  and 
our  own  word  "silk".  In  fact,  the  Romans 
called  the  Chinese  "Seres'  from  the  name 
of  the  fabric.  Silk  was  well  known  in 
Rome,  though  for  hundreds  of  years  its 
origin  and  composition  were  not  under- 
stood by  them.  Virgil  tells  us  in  one  of 
his  poems  how  the  Chinese  comb  silk 
from  the  leaves  of  certain  trees  and 
weave  it.  The  Roman  authors  are  full  of 
references  to  silk.  Its  use  was  forbidden 
by  Tiberius  because  of  the  vast  sums 
spent  on  it,  and  many  historians  claim 
that  one  of  the  chief  causes  of  the  fall 
of  the  Roman  Empire  was  the  constant 
draining  of  her  wealth  into  the  coffers  of 
the  Far  East  in  exchange  for  its  precious 
products. 

Invaluable  Secret 
For  centuries  the  Chinese  jealously 
guarded  the  valuable  secret  of  the  silk 
worm.  It  was  a  crime  punishable  by 
death  to  take  either  the  worms  or  their 
eggs  out  of  the  Empire.  Legend  tells  us 
that  about  the  year  300  a  Chinese  prin- 
cess first  took  them  to  her  husband  in 
Khotan,  in  Central  Asia,  in  the  lining  of 
her   bridal    head-dress. 

Justinian,  the  Emperor  of  Byzantium, 
offered  a  reward  to  whomsoever  should 
bring  silk  worms  or  their  eggs  alive  to 
his  capital.  The  prize  was  won  by  two 
Nestorian  monks,  who  in  the  year  550. 
brought  the  eggs  safefly  to  Constanti- 
nople, concealed  in  their  bamboo  pil- 
grims' staffs.  The  industry  quickly  took 
root  in  Asia  Minor,  and  thence  spread 
over  Southern  Europe,  where  it  has  been 
a  source  of  trade,  prosperity,  and  untold 
wealth    for    hundreds   of  years. 

The  Chinese  were,  likewise,  the  first 
to  introduce  and  use  patterns  in  their 
woven  silks.  Most  of  the  floral  and  con- 
ventional   patterns    in    use    in    China    to- 


day, and  copied  by  the  West  from  China, 
have  been  found  in  pieces  of  silk  sur- 
viving from  the  Han  period,  2,000  years 
ago.  The  Chinese  have  also  known  and 
used  for  centuries  all  the  forms  of  silk 
that  we  of  the  West  know  and  use  to- 
day— gauze,  rep,  rib,  twill,  tapestry,  vel- 
vet, and  the  rest.  Satin  is  the  Arabic 
word  for  a  fabric  brought  by  them  from 
a  city  in  China  called  by  them  Zeitun — 
most  likely  a  city  near  Hangchow. 

Besides  the  silk  of  the  worm  which 
feeds  on  the  mulberry,  and  which  is  bred 
with  such  care,  the  Chinese  use  the 
cocoon  of  a  worm  which  lives  on  oak 
leaves,  and  which  is  found  in  large  quan- 
tities in  Manchuria  and  Northeastern 
China.  The  silk  is  often  called  Shantung 
or  Chefoo  silk,  from  the  place  of  manu- 
facture. It  is  more  often  called  tussore 
silk,  or  pongee.  The  word  tussore  is  a 
corruption  of  the  Chinese  "tu  ssu" — 
local  silk — and  "pongee"  is  the  Chinese 
"pen  chi",  meaning  "one's  own  loom"  or 
"home  woven".  These  words  are  used 
because  much  of  the  silk  is  a  wild  crop, 
and  is  often  woven  at  home  in  small 
quantities.  The  oak-leaf  diet  of  the 
worms  gives  pongee  its  characteristic 
pale    brown   color. 

Life  of  the  Silk  Worm 
The  life  history  of  the  silk  worm  is 
fascinating.  The  adult  moth  has  but  a 
brief  existence.  The  female,  shortly 
after  emerging  from  the  cocoon,  lays 
a  large  number  of  eggs,  and  then  dies. 
These  eggs,  which  are  at  first  pink,  then 
gray,  are  so  light  and  tiny  that  40,000  of 
them  weigh  only  an  ounce.  Yet  the  worms 
hatched  frrom  these  tiny  eggs  supply 
nearly  half  of  the  clothes  worn  by  the 
Chinese  people,  and  a  large  part  of 
those  worn  by  women  throughout  the 
rest  of  the  world. 

The  eggs  are  hatched  with  great  care, 
the  paper  enfolding  them  often  being 
carried  by  the  women  inside  their  cloth- 
ing to  keep  them  warm.  This  hatching  is 
done  as  soon  as  the  mulberry  trees  begin 
to  bud.  The  little  worms  are  spread  on 
sheets  of  paper,  and  are  watched  care- 
fully, being  kept  in  just  the  right  tem- 
perature, away  from  noise  .ind  bright 
light.  The  worms  shed  their  skin  four 
times  before  beginning  to  spin.  When 
the  time  comes  to  spin  the  cocoon,  the 
worms  are  put  on  twigs  or  bundles  of 
straw  prepared  for  this  purpose.  For  five 
or  six  days  the  worm  is  busy  building  hi» 
egg-shaped  cell  in  which  to  make  the 
change  from  a  worm  to  a  moth.  The 
cell  is  entirely  of  silk,  the  fibre  of  which 
(Continued   on  Page   14) 


December    13,    1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  7 


HUNDRED     NAMES 


BRIEF  BIOGRAPHY  SKETCH 
Short,  interesting  biographical 
sketches  or  antecdotes  about  Chi- 
nese currently  in  the  eyes  of  the 
world  will  be  found  regularly 
under  the  above  heading  in  the 
Chinese  Digest 


H.  H.  KUNC 

Dr.  H.  H.  Kung,  popularly  known,  as 
Chauncey  Kung,  Minister  of  Industries, 
hails  from  Taiku,  Shansi,  and  is  a  direct 
descendant  of  Confucius  of  the  75th  gen- 
eration. He  is  a  graduate  of  both  Yale 
University  (M.  A.  1907)  and  Oberlin 
College  (B.  A.  1906),  from  the  latter 
institution  he  received  the  degree  LLD 
(1926).  Dr.  Kung  participated  in  the 
first  revolution  in  1911,  which  overthrew 
the  Manchu  regime,  being  in  command 
of  the  volunteers  of  Shansi.  Upon  the 
establishment  of  the  Republic,  he  intro- 
duced many  reforms  into  Shansi  under 
the  administration  of  General  Yen  Shih- 
shan,  including  the  establishment  of  the 
Oberlin  Shansi  Memorial  Schools  at  his 
own  city  and  the  construction  of  a  sys- 
tem  of  motor   roads   in  his   province. 

Following  the  Washington  Conference 
when  Shantung  was  returned  by  Japan  to 
China,  he  served  as  Chief  of  the  Indus- 
trial Department  of  Shantung  Rehabili- 
tation Commission.  Upon  the  conclu- 
sion of  this  important  commission,  he 
was  appointed  Resident  Director  of  the 
Sino-Russian  Negotiations.  When  Dr. 
Sun  Yat-sen  set  up  his  military  govern- 
ment in  Canton,  Dr.  Kung  became 
Finance  Commissioner  of  the  Provincial 
Government  of  Kwangtung,  holding  con- 
currently the  office  of  the  Minister  of 
Finance  as  well  as  the  Minister  of  In- 
dustry of  the  Nationalist  Government. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Political 
Council   of   Kwangtung. 

In  1927,  when  the  Nationalist  Govern- 
ment was  formally  inaugurated  in  Nan- 
king, he  was  made  the  first  Minister  of 
Industry,  Commerce  and  Labor,  which 
office  he  held  up  to  December,  1930, 
when  the  Ministries  of  Industry,  Com- 
merce and  Labor  and  of  Agriculture  and 
Mining  were  amalgamated  into  the  Min- 
istry of  Industries  and  he  was  appointed 
Minister  of  the  same.  He  is  also  hold- 
ing a  number  of  concurrent  offices,  in- 
cluding membership  of  the  political 
council  of  the  Kuomintang,  the  Recon- 
struction Commission,  the  Financial  Sup- 


$5,000  Cake 

There  is  a  $5,000  cake  on  display  at 
the  Hong  Kong  Cafe  in  Oakland.  That 
is  the  price  someone  is  offering  for  this 
gigantic  cake,  made  by  George  Wong, 
on  display  at  1125  Franklin  Street, 
Oakland. 

Wong,  born  in  Honolulu,  has  worked 
on  a  U.  S.  transport  for  five  or  six 
years.  He  is  the  first  person  to  make 
lighted   display   cakes. 

The  material  used  for  this  cake  con- 
sists only  of  egg  white  and  powdered 
sugar.  The  height  of  the  cake  is  62 
inches,  the  length  4  feet,  depth  35 
inches,  and  weight,  450  pounds.  Wong 
used  103  5  eggs,  400  pounds  of  powdered 
sugar,  and  125  lights  of  1\   watts  each. 


Just  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the  cake 
would  show:  Five  floors  with  balconies 
on  each  floor,  42  balcony  flower  pots,  90 
yards  lace  trimming,  13  tables,  17  chairs, 
6  lounges,  94  columns  supporting  build- 
ings, 9  doors,  2  lions  at  main  entrance, 
a  garden,  a  fish  pond,  10  fire  escapes,  1 
elevator  in  each  wing  of  building,  168 
windows,  9  offices,  every  one  equipped 
with  pictures,  stationery,  and  coat  hang- 
ers; 13  telephones,  4  radios,  3  council 
rooms,  12  rooms  in  each  building,  and  8 
women  and  3 1  men  in  the  building,  be- 
sides other  small  sundries.  Six  months' 
labor  were  spent  in  the  making  of  this 
cake  ! 

Don't   you    think    it's   worth   $5,000? 


Mr.    Lew,   owner    of    Hong   Kong   Restaurant,    Oakland,    shown    with    his    chef, 
George  Wong,  and  man-sized  cake  made    by   latter.   The  cake  is  valued  at  $5000. 


ervisory  Board,  the  Diplomatic  Commis- 
sion of  the  Overseas  Affairs  Commission. 
Dr.  Kung  is  related  to  Dr.  Sun  Yat- 
sen  by  marriage,  having  married  into  the 
same  family,  Madame  Kung  and  Mad- 
ame Sun  being  sisters.  He  is  also  related 
to  General  Chiang  Kai-shek,  Madame 
Chang  being  the  younger  sister  of  Mad- 
ame Kung.  Dr.  and  Madame  Kung  are 
the  parents  of  four  children,  two  boys 
and  two   girls. 


You    Are    Cordially    Invited 
to   Visit    the 

India-China  Trading  Co. 

"Gifts   from    India   and 
Old  Cathay" 

G.    R.   CHANNON,   Manager 
& 
&  445    Grant  Avenue 

§        San   Francisco,   California 


Page  8 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  13,   1935 


EDITORIAL 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Published  weekly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San   Francisco,   California 

Telephone    CHina    2400 

THOMAS  W.  CHINN,  Editor 

Per  year,  $2.00;   Per  copy,  5c 
Foreign,   $2.75    per   year 
Not    responsible     for    contributions 
unaccompanied     by    return     postage 

STAFF 

CHING    WAH    LEE Associate   Editor 

WILLIAM    HOY    _  Associate    Editor 

FRED    GEORGE  WOO     Sports 

CLARA  CHAN  _ Fashions 

ETH  EL  LUM Community  Welfare 

ROBERT  G.    POON  Circulation 

GEORGE  CHOW  Advertising 


DEATH  STALKS  AT  THIS  INTERSECTION! 

Hardly  a  week  passes  without  some  accident  or  nar- 
row escape.     We  had  another  one  last  week. 

A  little  girl  blithely  walking  to  her  Chinese  school, 
started  to  cross  Stockton  and  Washington  Streets. 
A  car  started  across  the  intersection.  Too  late  she 
saw  the  car.  Too  late,  the  driver  saw  the  little  girl. 
She  was  taken  to  the  Harbor  Emergency  Hospital. 
Although  the  injury  was  not  serious,  many  accidents 
have  occurred  at  that  corner — it  warrants  the  careful 
consideration  of  the  traffic  department  in  establishing 
a  stop  signal  there,  or  at  least  a  stop  arterial  sign. 

At  that  intersection  is  the  main  artery  for  little 
boys  and  girls  from  four  institutions,  Commodore 
Stockton  Grammar  School,  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  the  Hip  Wo  Chinese  School. 

San  Francisco,  little  Chinese  boys  and  girls  to 
the  number  of  2,000  pass  that  intersection  daily,  to 
and  from  school.  There  is  not  one  stop  signal  in  China- 
town.    That  is  a  good  place  to  start  the  first  one. 

And  let  it  be  established  immediately!  The  rainy 
season  will  soon  be  here,  and  that  will  double  the 
hazard! 

Tubercular  Death-Rate 

At  the  annual  caucus  of  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Medicine  a  fortnight  ago  Dr.  Arnold  Rice  Rich  of 
Johns  Hopkins  reported  that  tuberculosis  has  dropped 
from  first  to  seventh  place  as  a  cause  of  death  in  the 
United  States,  a  fact  attributed  chiefly  to  public  health 
education,  preventive  measures,  improved  hygiene  in 
the  homes,  and  sanatoriums  for  victims  of  the  disease. 

Said  Dr.  Rich  further:  "Nevertheless,  tuberculosis 
is  still  far  and  away  the  most  common  cause  of  death  in 
that  valuable  age  period  between  15  and  40.  The  dis- 
ease that  still  kills  more  than  thrice  as  many  individuals 
as  any  other  single  cause  of  death  during  the  most 
productive  period  of  the  life  span  can  hardly  be  jubil- 
antly regarded  as  being  nearly  conquered." 

Dr.  Rich  also  declared  that  during  the  span  of 
40  years  in  which  ordinary  men  and  women  produce 
children,  tuberculosis  kills  more  women  than  men,  and 
concludes  the  sex  has  positive  effects  on  tuberculosis 
germs. 

Death  from  pulmonary  and  other  forms  of  tuber- 
culosis has  always  claimed  the  largest  mortality  rate 
among  the  Chinese  in  San  Francisco.  Out  of  195 
deaths  officially  recorded  among  the  Chinese  here  49 
died  from  this  disease,  which  claimed  the  largest  cause 


MODERN    PERSECUTION 

San  Francisco  has  just  passed  a  set  of  city  laundry 
ordinances  severely  limiting  the  operation  of  the 
smaller  laundries.  The  regulations  demanded  closing 
of  all  laundries  after  7,  required  health  inspection  of 
even  the  delivery  men,  and  provided  for  closing  of  all 
shops  on  Sundays  and  holidays. 

These  measures  were  undoubtedly  instigated  by 
the  big  laundry  corporations  against  the  smaller  laun- 
dries in  general,  but  the  Chinese  were  hit  the  hardest. 
If  these  regulations  are  enforced  it  will  spell  the  doom 
of  half  the  existing  small  laundries.  The  Chinese  were 
the  first  to  operate  laundries  in  Western  America.  The 
"big  operators"  are  late  comers  who  now  want  all  the 
territory  into  which  they  have  muscled. 
Pace  of  Modern  Machinery 

Admittedly  there  is  a  beneficial  aspect  to  the  regu- 
lations. The  smaller  laundries  are  notorious  for  the 
long,  weary  hours  they  impose  on  their  workers,  owners 
and  employees  alike.  Fifteen  hours  over  a  tub  or  an 
iron  at  $45  a  month  is  no  boon,  but  that  is  the  pace  set 
by  modern  machinery  on  the  poor  manual  laborers.  It 
is  a  question  of  sweating  or  starving.  The  ordinances 
give  leisure  to  one  worker  for  every  one  it  throws  into 
discard. 

Save  Our  Laundries! 

It  remains  now  for  the  Chinese  operators  to  "go 
modern".  Either  by  consolidation  or  engulfment  large 
laundries  might  be  evolved  to  tilt  with  the  "big  fellers'". 
The  writing  on  the  wall  is  that  all  small  operators,  be 
they  bakers  or  candle  makers,  are  giving  way  to  "big 
business".  Sons  of  rich  laundry  owners  should  turn 
from  prospective  doctors  and  dentists  to  laundry  chem- 
ists, laundry  engineers,  or  laundry  executives,  to  save 
a  valuable  industry.  Central  plants  should  be  estab- 
lished and  the  existing  small  shops  turned  into  ollect- 
ing  stations.  The  joker  in  the  pack  is  that  the  "big 
fellers"  have  already  taken  steps  to  prohibit  the  sale  of 
laundry  machineries  to  the  Chinese.  Against  this  dis- 
criminatory practice  the  Chung  Wah  Association  should 
assist  and  fight  to  the  highest  court  in  the  land — the 
Court  of  Public  Opinion.  Fair-minded  San  Francisco 
does  not  tolerate  legalized  robbery  in  this  city. — C.W.L. 
•  • 

of  death,  seconded  only  by  deaths  from  heart  disease, 
which  totaled  32  in  1934.  Between  1930  and  1934  the 
total  number  of  Chinese  who  died  in  this  city  was  1 198. 
Of  this  number  245  died  from  tuberculosis  during  that 
same  period,  a  heavy  percentage.  Deaths  from  heart 
disease,  which  takes  the  heaviest  toll  among  the  entire 
population  of  San  Francisco,  killed  only  163  Chinese 
from  1930  to  1934. 

It  can  be  seen  that  whereas  throughout  the  country 
the  control  of  death  from  tuberculosis  has  greatly  de- 
creased during  the  past  decade  and  a  half,  as  Dr.  Rich 
has  pointed  out,  this  disease  still  claims  the  heaviest 
death-rate  among  Chinese  here.  The  appalling  death- 
rate  from  tuberculosis  should  be  incentive  to  social  and 
health  welfare  groups  to  sponsor  an  active  and  con- 
tinuous program  of  health  education,  preventive  treat- 
ments, and  other  activities  to  decrease  the  mortality 
rate  of  the  Chinese  from  this  disease. 


December    13.    1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  9 


THE  HUMAN  *>ne  op  THE  NEWS 


—  WILLIAM  HOY 


THE   PREACHER  AND  THE 
BOOTBLACKS 

Not  very  long  ago  a  Chinese  preacher 
of  the  Gospels,  a  staunch  Methodist, 
and  a  resident  of  the  world's  fifth  larg- 
•  est  city — Shanghai,  had  occasion  to  so- 
journ for  a  short  time  in  the  world's 
second  largest  city — New  York.  Like 
many  another  visitor  from  the  Orient 
who  has  heard  and  read  but  not  seen 
the  marvelous  and  awesome  achievements 
of  Western  civilization,  this  Chinese  fol- 
lower of  the  man  of  Galilee  admired  and 
was  fascinated  by  New  York's  skyscra- 
pers, its  subway  system,  its  aerial  towers, 
its  great  shipping  port,  and  its  greater 
commercial  and  industrial  enterprises. 
"Insignificant  Activity" 
He  also  saw  something  else  which 
many  visitors  who  have  come  thousands 
of  miles  to  this  city,  likewise  see  but  sel- 
dom remember.  For  against  the  back- 
ground of  mighty  capitalism  at  work, 
this  little  activity  noted  by  the  preacher 
was  so  insignificant  and  trivial  that  it  was 
almost  laughable.  What  the  Rev.  Frank 
Yen  saw  was  the  extensive  bootblack 
business  which  seemed  so  prosperous,  be- 
cause the  people  in  this  city  were  always 
in  too  much  of  a  hurry  to  brush  their 
own  shoes. 

The  Rev.  Yeh  noted  the  efficiency  and 
the  commercial  shrewdness  of  this  boot- 
black business — their  convenient  loca- 
tions in  the  city's  streets,  most  of  them 
in  little  niches  in  the  corner  of  a  build- 
ing, some  large  enough  to  accomodate 
a  dozen  customers  at  a  time.;  their  neat- 
ness and,  above  all,  the  courtesy  of  the 
menial  bootblacks — -negroes,  Italians, 
Greeks,  and  others,  mostly  of  the  immi- 
grant  class. 

All  this  the  minister  from  Shanghai 
jotted  down  in  his  memory,  for  his  in- 
terest had  been  stirred  by  this  shoe-pol- 
ishing business.  He  was  thinking  of  his 
home-city,  Shanghai,  of  the  thousands 
of  his  people  there  who  had  no  work  to 
occupy  their  idle  hands,  and,  particu- 
larly, of  many  hundreds  of  young  boys, 
orphans,  half-orphans,  sole  bread-win- 
ners of  large  families,  who  could  not 
find  manual  tasks  for  their  unskilled 
hands.  And  while  thinking  of  this,  in 
the  mind  of  the  Rev.  Frank  Yeh  a  plan 
was  suddenly  evolved. 

School  for  Bootblacks 
Last  month,  in  the  compound  of  the 
Moore  Memorial  Church  in  Shanghai, 
was  held  the  first  graduation  exercises 
of  the  Chinese  Christian  School  for 
Bootblacks,  a  school  founded  to  help 
the  unemployment  situation  in  that  great 
city.    The    graduates    of    this    school    had 


WHEN  RUDYARD  KIPLING 
SAW  CHINATOWN 

On  December  30,  the  seventieth  birth- 
day of  a  living  story-teller  and  poet,  who 
is  one  of  the  great  masters  of  nineteenth 
century  English  literature,  will  be  re- 
membered by  the  whole  world.  Rudyard 
Kipling!  Kipling,  the  Indian  journalist 
who  raised  journalism  into  the  ranks  of 
literature;  Kipling,  the  story-teller  who 
sang  praises  of  courage,  discipline,  loy- 
alty; who  enshrined  the  virtues  of  brave 
men  and  of  strong  women,  and  Kipling, 
the  poet  who  shouts  the  glory  of  Brittania 
and  of  martial  valor. 

Little  known,  even  by  those  who  are 
familiar  with  Kipling,  is  the  fact  that, 
just  a  year  or  two  before  he  burst  upon 
English  literature  with  his  first  book 
of  stories,  "Plain  Tales  From  the  Hills," 
he  made  a  trip  around  the  world  (or  as 
much  around  the  world  as  transportation 
facilities  would  permit  in  those  days) 
between  the  years  1887-1889,  in  the 
course  of  which  he  visited  San  Francisco. 
Chinatown  When   Kipling  Saw   It 

Young  Kipling  spent  a  week  in  this 
city,  exploring  the  Barbary  Coast,  not- 
ing the  city's  social  life,  and  recording 
his  impressions  for  the  benefit  of  the 
readers  of  the  Allahabad  "Pioneer." 
And  one  night  he  visited  Chinatown — 
the  Chinatown  of  San  Francisco  in  1888. 
a  few  crooked  streets  and  alleys  inhabit- 
ed by  a  citizenry  who  had  felt  the  cruelty 
of  persecution  and  had  to  hide  them- 
selves in  underground  holes  from  sheer 
terror   of   their  persecutors. 

Like  Richard  Halliburton,  who  seems 
to  encounter  the  unusual  and  the  ad- 
venturous wherever  he  goes.  Kipling  had 
his  most  exciting  and  nerve-wracking  ex- 
perience in  the  midst  of  Chinatown.  He 
wrote:  ".  .  .  .  the  Chinese  quarter,  .  .  . 
which  is  a  ward  of  Canton  set  down  in 
the  most  eligible  business-quarter  of  the 
place.     The     Chinaman     with     his     usual 

received  full  instructions  on  the  art  of 
shoe-shining  and  also  training  on  the 
psychology  of  securing  customers.  To 
each  graduate  was  given  a  stool,  a  foot- 
rest,  a  can  of  shoe  polish,  brushes,  and 
several   strips   of  cloth. 

Then  they  were  sent  out  to  the  city 
streets  to  apply  their  training  and  to 
earn  their  livelihood  in  this  brand  new 
trade.  And  among  those  who  witnessed 
this  unique  graduation  of  a  unique 
school,  there  was  no  one  who  gave  these 
bootblacks  a  more  hearty  send-off  than 
the  Rev.  Frank  Yeh,  who  originated  the 
idea   upon   his    return    from    America. 


skill  has  possessed  himself  of  good  fire- 
proof buildings  ....  I  struck  a  house 
about  four  stories  high  ....  and  be- 
gan to  burrow  down;  having  heard  that 
these  tenements  were  constructed  on  the 
lines  of  icebergs — two-thirds  below  sight 
level.  Downstairs  I  crawled  past  China- 
men in  bunks,  opium  smokers  .... 
till   I  reached  the  second  cellar. 

Great  is  the  wisdom  of  the  Chinaman. 
In  time  of  trouble  that  house  could  be 
razed  to  the  ground  by  a  mob,  and  yet 
hide  all  its  inhabitants  in  brick-walled, 
wooden-beamed  subterranean  galleries, 
strengthened  with  iron-framed  doors 
and  gates.  On  the  second  underground 
floor  a  man  ....  took  me  downstairs  to 
yet  another  cellar,  where  the  air  was  as 
thick  as   butter  .... 

In  this  place  a  poker  club  had  assem- 
bled and  was  in  full  swing.  Most  of  the 
men  round  the  table  were  in  semi-Euro- 
pean dress,  their  pig-tails  curled  under 
billy-cock  hats.  One  of  the  company 
looked  like  a  Mexican.  They  were  a  pic- 
turesque set  ....  and  polite.  We  were 
all  deep  down  under  the  earth  ....  and 
there  was  no  sound  The  heat  was  almost 
unendurable.  There  was  some  dispute 
beteen  the  Mexican  and  the  man  on  his 
left.  The  latter  shifted  his  place  to  put 
the  table  between  himself  and  his  oppon- 
ent, and  stretched  a  yellow  hand  towards 
the    Mexican's    winnings 

Excitement  and  Adventure 
"Mark  how  purely  man  is  a  creature 
of  instinct.  Rarely  introduced  to  the  pis- 
tol, I  saw  the  Mexican  half  rise  in  his 
chair  and  at  the  same  instant  found  my- 
self full  length  on  the  floor.  None  had 
told  me  this  was  the  best  attitude  when 
bullets  are  abroad.  I  was  there  prone 
before  I  had  time  to  think — dropping  as 
the  room  was  filled  with  an  intolerable 
clamour,  like  the  discharge  of  a  cannon. 
There  was  no  second  shot,  but  a  great 
silence  in  which  I  rose  slowly  to  my 
knees.  The  Chinaman  was  gripping  the 
table  with  both  hands  and  staring  .... 
The  Mexican  had  gone,  and  a  little 
whirl  of  smoke  was  floating  near  the 
roof.  Still  gripping  the  table,  the  China- 
man said:  "Ah!"  ....  Then  he  coughed 
and  fell  ....  and  I  saw  that  he  had  been 
shot   in    the   stomach. 

".  .  .  .  the  room  was  empty;  ....  in- 
tense fear  swept  over  my  soul.  The  man 
on  the  floor  coughed  a  second  time.  I 
heard  it  as  I  fled.  I  found  the  doorway 
as,  my  legs  trembling  under  me.  I  reached 
the  protection  of  the  clear  cool  night,  the 
fog,    and   the    rain." 

Chinatown  on  His  Seventieth  Birthday 
(Continued  on  Page   14) 


,-v 


Page   10 


CHINESE       DICEST 


December  13,   1935 


COM  MUNITY    WELFARE 


ETHEL  LUM 


Social  Service 

Opportunities  for  higher  education 
will  be  provided  a  number  of  needy  Chi- 
nese girls  by  means  of  a  fund  maintained 
by  the  Square  and  Circle  Club  through 
its  annual  hope  chest  raffle.  According 
to  an  announcement  made  by  Miss 
Bertha  Wong,  chairman  of  the  tenth  an- 
nual raffle,  which  concluded  December  7, 
the    results    were    very    satisfactory. 

An  offspring  of  the  Chinese  Congre- 
gational Church  Girls'  Club,  the  Square 
and  Circle  Club  has  existed  since  June, 
1924.  Enjoying  a  slow  but  steady  growth, 
the  organization  now  has  35  active 
members,  besides  six  "cooperative"  mem- 
bers, including  married  women,  busi- 
ness and  professional,  high  school  and 
college  girls.  The  club  seeks  to  promote 
all-around  knowledge  and  square  dealing 
among  its  members,  as  symbolized  in  its 
name. 

Organized  with  the  express  purpose  of 
rendering  service  to  the  Chinese  com- 
munity, this  group  of  young  women  now 
undertake  a  social  program  which  in- 
cludes two  projects  a  year.  This  spring 
project,  a  theatrical  performance,  affords 
the  members  an  opportunity  to  give  ex- 
pression to  whatever  artistic  or  histrionic 
talent  they  possess.  The  proceeds  of  this 
enterprise,  carried  on  for  eight  years, 
build  up  a  perpetual  fund  maintained 
solely  for  the  purpose  of  supporting  two 
orphans  at  the  Chung  Mei  Home  in  El 
Cerrito,  orphans  who  have  no  available 
means  of  support,  either  through  friends, 
relatives,   or   public   funds. 

The  hope  chest  raffle  constitutes  the 
fall  project.  When  first  started,  the 
members  met  each  Friday  evening  at  a 
sewing  bee  to  make  the  lovely  contents 
of  the  chest.  Now,  although  a  majority 
of  the  members  are  employed  full  time, 
many  of  the  things  are  still  made  by 
them.  A  revolving  loan  fund,  established 
through  this  means,  has  made  it  possible 
for  many  girls  to  continue  their  educa- 
tion. This  Friendship  Fund,  as  it  is 
called,  is  administered  through  a  board 
consisting  of  three  club  members  and 
two  women  from  the  community.  The  de- 
mands upon  this  fund  have  fortunately 
been    successfully   met  all   these    years. 

In  addition  to  these  two  projects,  other 
philanthropic  work  is  performed  by 
these  ambitious  young  women:  visits  to 
Chinese  children  in  tuberculosis  hos- 
pitals, visits  to  old  Chinese  in  the  Laguna 
Honda  Home,  bringing  to  them  toys, 
food  and  other  gifts,  and  participation 
in      all      major      solicitation      campaigns. 


YOUNG  PEOPLE'S  BREAKFAST 

GROUP  MEET  EVERY  SUNDAY 

The  Young  People's  Interdenomina- 
tional Breakfast  Group  announces  lec- 
tures to  be  given  by  Misses  Alice  Lan 
and  Betty  Hu,  Bethel  evangelists,  Dec. 
15  and  22.  They  have  traveled  exten- 
sively in  all  parts  of  China  and  are  here 
in  America  for  a  year. 

The  Breakfast  Group  meets  every 
Sunday  morning  at  the  Chinese  Y.  W. 
C.  A.  at  nine  o'clock.  All  young  people 
are    cordially   invited    to  attend. 


VErffT  r\ 


The  Grayline  has  introduced 
more  than  10,000  tourists  to  China- 
town this  year.  In  cooperation  with 
the  Chinese  Trade  and  Travel 
Association  these  tourists  are 
always  directed  to  the  best  cafes 
and  representative  bazaars. 


THf 
JjRAYLINE^ 


Parlor   Cars  for  picnics  and   Conventions 
Limousines   for   all    occasions 

THE  GRAYLINE,  INC. 

Chingwah  Lee,   Director 

Chinatown  Tour 

781  Market  St.  DOuglas  0477 

San    Francisco,   California 


Much   joy   and  good    cheer   do   they   shed 
wherever  they   go. 

The  community  has  come  to  recognize 
the  valuable  service  which  this  group  is 
rendering.  Although  not  a  social  agency, 
this  club  has  nevertheless  been  indis- 
pensable in  ministering  to  the  social 
needs  of  Chinatown.  "In  order  to  avoid 
any  duplication  of  service,"  stated  Miss 
Alice  Fong,  one  of  the  seven  founders 
of  the  club,  "we  seek  to  coordinate  our 
efforts  with  those  of  other  groups  or 
agencies.  Our  program  of  community 
service  is  a  flexible  one,  adaptable  to  the 
exigencies  of   the  times." 


GROUP  WORK  IN  THE 
CHINESE  Y.  W.  C.  A. 

"Recognition  of  the  Y.W.C.A.  as  a 
group  work  movement  is  gradually  sup- 
planting the  conception  that  it  is  mere- 
ly a  character  building  agency.  The 
complete  and  perfect  development  of  the 
individual  can  best  be  insured  through 
individual  expression  in  socially  desir- 
able  group  activities." 

Thus  did  Mrs.  Bernice  Foley,  group 
worker  of  the  Chinese  Y.W.C.A.,  in- 
form the  Chinese  social  service  staff  of 
the  State  Relief  Administration  when 
she  spoke  before  them  at  their  weekly 
staff    meeting,    December  9. 

Mrs.  Foley  went  on  to  describe  the  vari- 
ous group  activities  carried  on  under  the 
roof  of  the  Chinese  Y.W.C.A.  The  Girl 
Reserves  Department  serves  the  junior 
and  high  school  girls  from  12  to  18.  It 
embraces  one  junior  club  (called  the 
Junior  High  Club)  and  three  senior 
clubs  (the  Busy  Bees,  Wan  Yut,  and 
Jolly  Musketeers).  The  Business  and  In- 
dustrial Department  supervises  the  work- 
ing girls  ("965  Club"),  ages  18  to  23. 
Activities  for  girls  under  12  are  provided 
through  afternoon  programs  of  games, 
crafts,  singing  (2:30  to  5:30  Monday  to 
Friday),  and  Saturday  recreation  and 
crafts  (12:30  to  2:30  p.  m.).  These  lat- 
ter activities,  together  with  a  posture 
clinic  for  children,  are  conducted  as  part 
of   the    health   education   program. 

While  the  association  is  interested  in 
all  age  groups,  it  makes  a  special  effort 
to  reach  those  in  the  age  range  of  1 2  to 
3  5.  Mrs.  Foley  expressed  the  'hope  of 
building  up  a  strong  business  girls' 
group:  a  larger  younger  girls'  group, 
especially  of  early  adolescent  age;  and  a 
young  wives'  group. 

The  "second  -  generation"  Chinese 
girl,  brought  up  and  educated  in  Amer- 
ica, having  lost  most  of  the  ancient  cul- 
ture of  their  forefathers,  and  not  v<i 
acquiring  a  firm  hold  of  American  cul- 
ture, presents  to  the  social  worker  a  puz- 
zling problem  of  adjustment.  "We  recog- 
nize the  dangers  in  such  a  transitional 
period,"  admitted  Mrs.  Foley,  "and  our 
task  is  to  assist  these  girls  to  interpret  the 
difference  which  exists  between  the  old 
and  modern  cultures,  in  order  that  thcv 
may  satisfactorily  orient  themselves  to 
this  perplexing  and  conflicting  situa- 
tion." 

•  • 

A    daughter   was   born   on    Nov.    18    to 
the   wife  of  Lim   Lee,  8  Spofford   Street. 
San    Francisco.    Calif. 


December    13.    1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page   11 


FASHIONS 


CLARA  CHAN 


GIFT  SUGGESTIONS   FOR   HIM 


With  the  help  of  the  boys  on  the  staff, 
and  suggestions  offered  by  buyers  of  the 
various  men's  shops,  I  have  compiled  a 
list  of  gifts  which  may  aid  you  in  your 
most  difficult  problem.  However,  it  is 
necessary  that  you  go  down  town  and 
see  for  yourself  the  variety  of  gadgets 
available  for  men,  and  you  will  be  sur- 
prised that  men,  too,  are  style  conscious, 
and  fads   enthusiasts. 

The  following  suggestions  are  all  prac- 
tical, useful,  and  ap*propriate  gifts  which 
you   may   give  to   the  boy   friend: 

Pipes  can  never  be  too  many;  any  man 
who  enjoys  smoking  one  will  tell  you 
that  he  really  has  quite  a  collection.  Pipes 
of  imported  briar  is  a  good  choice,  but  if 
you  don't  know  which  make  to  ask  for, 
the  famous  Kaywoodies  pipes  of  super 
grain  quality  will  insure  a  good  buy. 
Here  are  a  few  points  which  the  Kay- 
woodie  pipes  stand  for:  it  must  be  sound, 
solid  and  clear;  it  must  smoke  cooler 
than  other  pipes;  it  must  be  dry,  and 
"drinkless";  so,  don't  you  pick  a  pipe 
merely  because  it  appears  good  looking 
to  you.  Ask  the  salesman  about  those 
points. 

And  girls,  remembering  the  fact  that 
you  are  going  to  attend  several  formal 
functions  this  month,  and  if  the  dear 
boy  is  to  break  loose  and  buy  a  new 
tuxedo  (maybe  his  first  tux?)  for  this 
New  Year's  eve,  how  about  helping  him 
with  the  problem  of  links  and  studs?  A 
smartly  styled  dress  set,  of  links,  studs, 
and  vest  buttons  in  smoked  pearl,  is 
really  good  looking.  They  also  come  in 
white   pearl  or  onyx. 

Ties,  like  handkerchiefs,  have  more  or 
less  seemed  like  last  minute  gifts,  but 
they  are  really  swell  gifts  when  well 
chosen.  The  younger  lads  like  them  a 
little  brighter;  the  older  boys  are  more 
conservative,  they  like  solid  colored  ties 
or  ties  with  small  figures  or  with  narrow 
stripes.  A  rich  red  or  medium  blue 
seem  to  b.'  the  most  popular.  (Thanks 
to    the   boys    again.)       Don't   think    for    a 


minute  that  you  can  pick  up  a  tie  at  a 
bargain  sale  like  you  do  a  dress,  because 
a  cheap  tie  is  a  "flop".  I  mean  that,  be- 
cause a  good  tie  will  always  stand  up  and 
will  hold  its  shape.  Pure  silk  ties  with 
the  richness  of  English  silk,  hand  sewn, 
lined,  and  wrinkle-proof,  are  qualities 
to  look  for   in  selecting  this   gift. 

If  the  boy  friend  is  a  collegiate  chap, 
look  around  for  a  desk  set  for  him.  A 
desk  pad,  calendar,  ink  well,  paper 
weight,  letter  opener,  and  even  a  lamp, 
completes  the  set  illustrated.  Desk  pens 
for  the  young  business  men  as  well  as 
for  students  are  thoughtful  gifts.  These 
come  in  several  makes  and  finish.  Hand- 
some bases  of  metal,  enamel  finished, 
wood,  or  glass  inlaid  with  laminated 
pearl  to  match  the  pen  are  available  in 
many   local   shops. 


A  gift  sure  to  be  welcomed  by  dad, 
brother,  uncle  or  the  boy  friend,  is 
gloves.  The  single  button  capeskin,  cor- 
rect for  informal  wear,  comes  in  tan  and 
the  predominating  browns.  Pigskin 
gloves  are  ideal  for  the  sportsman,  and 
especially  for  the  person  who  drives  a 
good  deal.  Sturdy,  hand  sewn,  tailored, 
these  pigskin  gloves  may  be  found  lined 
with  fur.  Slate  mocha  gloves  are  also 
popular.  They  are  softer  and  richer, 
and   for   more    formal   wear. 

Some  of  the  fellows  are  planning  a 
trip  to  Los  Angeles  for  the  Rose  Bowl 
game,  and  a  traveling  bag  or  military 
brush  and  comb  set  would  be  a  welcome 
gift  this  Christmas.  The  so-called  week- 
end type  of  bag  has  a  convenient  zipper 
fastener.    The    bag    is    roomy    and    light: 


ideal   for   these   fly-by-night    trips. 

Along  the  line  of  leather  gifts,  there 
are  wallets,  and  cigarette  cases  made  of 
pigskin,  and  of  alligator,  which  is  very 
very  handsome.  One  of  the  local  shops 
is  featuring  wallets  made  from  buffed 
pigskin, something     new. 


Now  if  your  husband  "a-fishing"  goes 
(poker  game,  to  you),  and  that  means 
he  leaves  you  home  alone  too,  too  often, 
doesn't  it?  Then  why  not  be  a  good 
sport  and  surprise  him  with  a  poker  set? 
You  can't  break  his  habit  for  these 
"friendly  games,'"  anyway,  and  it  will 
serve  as  a  drawing  card  for  him  to  have 
these  weekly  sessions  at  home.  There  is 
a  nice  set  containing  300  unbreakable 
full  size  poker  chips.  Complete  with  two 
decks  of  regulation  poker  cards  (this 
set  fits  nicely  into  a  mahogany  box).  An 
even  nicer  set  has  monogrammed  poker 
chips  (no  cheating  in  this  gentlemen's 
(?)     game). 

Our  boys  are  dressing  up  quite  a  bit 
these  days,  aren't  they?  We  are  glad  of 
it  too,  so  let's  encourage  the  lad  by  giv- 
ing him  a  good  looking  scarf.  White 
monogrammed  tuxedo  scarfs  are  all 
right,  but  the  every-day  scarf  of  pure  silk 
in  dark  shades,  or  those  imported  wool 
mufflers   would   be   more    welcome. 

A  word  for  dad.  Make  your  gift  more 
impressive;  in  fact,  fool  him  with  your 
choice  this  year.  Instead  of  giving  him 
the  expected  gift  of  hose  or  tie,  or  hand- 
kerchief, how  about  a  smoking  jacket? 
No  matter  if  he  doesn't  smoke,  a  well- 
(Continued   on    Page    14) 


Page    12 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  13,   1935 


CULTURE 


CHINGWAH  LEE 


THE  STORY  OF  CERAMIC  ART 


(III)    How   to  Judge  the  Body  Material 
of  Ceramic  Wares 

It  is  by  the  examination  of  the  body 
material  or  "biscuit"  of  ceramics — 
whether  pottery  or  porcelain — that  one 
may  have  an  idea  of  the  nature  of  the 
ware  on  hand,  sometimes  even  to  the 
celling  of  the  period,  the  type,  and  even 
the  site   of  the  kiln   or   factory. 

Very  few  tools  are  needed  by  either 
beginner  or  expert  in  the  study  of  por- 
celain other  than  a  pair  of  discriminat- 
ing eyes,  sensitive  finger  tips,  and  a  mag- 
nifying glass.  From  time  to  time  I  have 
made  good  use  of  the  following  devices 
(but  they  are  by  no  means  indispens- 
able) : 

1.  A  soft  scrub  brush  and  a  basin  of 
such  cleaning  fluid  as  gasoline,  ammonia, 
or  soap  and  water.  Frequently,  a  speci- 
men is  covered  with  a  layer  of  grime, 
lacquer,  or  soot  and  glue.  This  is  often 
done  by  ignorant  dealers  who  believe 
they  can  "age"  a  piece  with  a  paint 
brush. 

2.  A  "probing  mirror,"  made  by  fas- 
tening a  small  mirror,  at  an  angle,  to  the 
end  of  a  long  stick.  This  is  for  studying 
the  inside  surface  and  lutings  of  large 
bottles,  jars,  and  vases,  and  should  be 
used  in  conjunction  with: 

3.  A  small  light  and  cord  attachment, 
for  lighting  the  inside  of  vessels  under 
examination.  A  stronger  light  is  useful 
for  studying  the  translucency  of  porce- 
lain and  for  detecting  flaw  and  poor  tex- 
ture. 

4.  A  tray  of  surds,  that  is,  broken  bits 
of  porcelain  bearing  samples  of  various 
glazes,  enamels,  and  underglaze  pig- 
ments. This  is  especially  useful  for  com- 
paring shades  of  colors  and  degree  of 
lustre.  In  this  tray  I  have  included  to 
advantage  a  set  of  "matching  teeth"  as 
used  by  dentists. 

5.  A  wooden  skewer,  and  a  nail  file 
are  useful  for  testing  hardness,  as  are 
carpenter's  level,  square,  and  calipers, 
useful  for  testing  the  trueness  of  pot- 
ting, thickness  of  body  wall,  and  even- 
ness   of  the  base. 

Unglazed  Areas 
Most  ceramics  are  covered  with  a  thick 
glaze  which  conceals  the  nature  of  the 
body.  But  always,  there  are  areas  which 
are  unglazed,  and  it  is  on  these  small  un- 
glazed spots  or  rings  that  we  must  make 
our  examination:  the  bottom  or  foot  rim 
of    vases,    the    top    or    mouth    of    certain 


Sung  bowls,  the  inner  surface  of  many 
jars,  the  base  of  most  statues,  and  the 
faces,  hands,  and  feet  of  most  figurines 
which  are  left  unglazed  intentionally  in 
order  to  receive  gilding,  lacquering,  or 
a  coating  of  pigment.  Nicked  or  chipped 
edges  of  old  pieces  offer  valuable 
exposures. 

Finally,  as  in  the  case  of  spoons  and 
table  objects,  where  the  entire  surface  is 
apparently  glazed,  careful  examination 
on  the  bottom  will  reveal  a  set  of  "spur 
marks"  or  points  on  which  the  spoons  or 
other  objects  rest  during  the  firing.  In 
the  firing  process,  scores  of  spoons  are 
held  in  place  on  a  long  pottery  rack. 
These  spoons  do  not  touch  the  rack  di- 
rectly, but  rest  on  "spurs"  or  bits  of  pot- 
tery clay,  which  are  chipped  off  after 
the  firing  is  completed.  Frequently,  bits 
of  this  pottery  clay  still  adhere  to  the 
spoons,  and  hence  the  spur  marks  are 
really  foreign  substance  and  must  not  be 
confused  with  the  body  material  itself. 
Beginners  will  bear  in  mind  some  such 
factors  as  the  following  in  his  examina- 
tion: 

Texture  and  Body  Material 

1 .  Texture  is  best  determined  by  run- 
ning the  tips  of  the  fingers  repeatedly 
over  the  biscuit.  A  smooth,  even,  vellum- 
like surface  indicates  a  fine  texture,  and 
hnece  a   highly  refined  paste. 

2.  A  coarse,  grainy  texture  should  be 
examined  with  a  magnifying  glass  to  de- 
termine if  the  substance  is  homogeneous- 
ly composed.  A  homogeneous  body  ma- 
terial, which  is,  nevertheless,  coarse  or 
"spongy",    indicates    a    porous    condition. 

3.  A  heterogeneous  body  material 
would  indicate  the  incorporation  of  sand 
or  impurities  in  the  body  material,  or  it 
is  the  result  of  indifferent  refining 
processes. 

4.  The  weight  of  the  ware  often  gives 
clues  to  the  body  material.  For  example, 
hua  shih  porcelain  is  noted  for  its  light- 
ness. A  stoneware  bottle  is  often  heavier 
than   a   porcelain  bottle. 

5.  Hardness  may  best  be  determined 
by  scratching:  some  Han  wares  and 
T'ang  terra  cottas  may  be  scratched  with 
a  wooden  skewer;  pottery  may  be 
scratched  with  a  knife,  but  not  one's  fin- 
ger nails;  porcelain  may  be  scratched  by 
diamond,  but   not  by  steel. 

6.  Vitrification,  the  ultimate  in  hard- 
ness, is  determined  by  translucency,  but 
also  by  its  reflective  quality  and  by  its 
musical  resonance. 


Chinese    Discoveries 
and    Inventions 

(II)    A  Chinese  Invented   the 
Seismograph 

During  the  Han  dynasty  or  about  two  I 
thousand  years  ago,  an  unknown  Chi-  I. 
nese  mechanic  invented  a  machine  or 
seismograph  for  recording  the  direction 
and  intensity  of  earthquake  !  This  ingen- 
uous mechanism  was  called  ti  tsun  ki. 
The  principle  behind  the  seismograph  is 
identically  the  same  as  that  in  use  today. 

The  Chinese  machine  consisted  of  a 
weight  suspended  over  a  vertically  placed 
rigid  bamboo  pole  the  bottom  of  which 
is  attached  to  the  earth  in  such  a  way 
that  when  the  earth  moves  the  bamboo 
moves  with  it.  The  weight  above  is  kept 
in  place  by  inertia. 

The  bottom  of  the  weight,  which  is 
slightly  concave,  is  faced  with  a  writing 
surface.  The  top  end  of  the  bamboo  is 
tipped  with  a  piece  of  chalk  which  just 
presses  against  the  writing  surface.  Thus 
when  the  earth  moves,  the  direction  and 
length  of  the  movements  are  faithfully 
recorded  on  the  writing  surface. 

This  Chinese  inventor  made  use  of 
the  Law  of  Inertia,  which  however,  was 
not  formulated  till  sixteen  hundred  years 
later  by  Sir  Issac  Newton.  As  there  was 
no  immediate  practical  value  to  such  a 
machine  the  conclusion  may  be  drawn 
that  the  Han  dynasty  Chinese  took  an 
interest  in  geology,  or  at  least  in  seismo- 
logy. The  modern  seismograph,  pro- 
bably independently  invented,  is  very 
complicated,  but  functions  along  the 
same  principles. 

(Next  Week:  The  Chinese  Were  the 
First  to  Utilize  Natural  Gas.) 

7.  The  color  of  the  body  material  is 
highly  indicative  of  the  type  of  ware  on 
hand.  Manv  of  the  porcellaneous  stone- 
ware have  a  grayish  or  a  buff  rather  than 
a  pure  white  color,  characteristic  of  the 
finer   porcelain. 

8.  The  surface  of  the  body  material 
may  often  acquire  a  totally  different 
color  as  the  result  of  the  exposure  of  the 
ware  to  the  heat  of  the  kiln.  Thus,  most 
Sung  porcelain  display  a  brick  red  sur- 
face, perhaps  because  of  the  presence  of 
iron  in  the  paste.  A  nicked  portion  of 
this  same  ware  may  indicate  a  gray  or 
white  body  material. 

9.  The  mouth  and  foot  rims  of  later 
wares  are  often  artificially  colored  with 
some  ferrous  compound  before  firing  to 
give   the  edges  a  brownish  effect.  This   is 

(Continued  on  Page   14) 


December    13.    1935 


CHI  NESE       DICEST 


Page  13 


SPORTS 


—  Fred  George  Woo  . 


Basketball 
Tournament   Starts 

Two  thrilling  tussles  will  inaugurate 
the  first  annual  Wah  Ying  Bay  Re- 
gion Chinese  Basketball  Championship 
Tournament  at  French  Court  this  Sun- 
day afternoon  at  1  P.  M.  A  capacity 
crowd  is  expected  to  be  on  hand  to  wit- 
ness the  Nulite  A.  C.  battle  the  strong 
Troop  Three  Senior  five  in  the  opening 
game  and  the  Shangtai  vs.  Scout  Juniors 
contest  in   the   second. 

The  Nulites,  conceded  a  good  chance 
to  upset  the  championship  hopes  of  the 
Scout  Seniors,  will  enter  the  court  de- 
termined to  win.  With  their  outstanding 
players,  Louie,  Gee,  Jue,  and  Wong 
carrying  the  brunt  of  the  attack,  the  Nu- 
lite team  hope  to  be  on  the  long  end  of 
the  final  score. 

Theoretically,  the  Scouts  cannot  lose, 
as  they  have  such  sterling  cagers  as 
Frank  Wong,  Earl  Wong,  Henry  Kan, 
Herbert  Tom,  Silas  Chinn,  and  several 
others  in  their  line-up  in  the  best  of 
shape.  It  is  expected  that  Coach  Don  Lee 
will"shoot  the  works"  rather  than  take 
a  chance  on  being  an  upset  victim.  This 
tilt  promises  to  be  very  interesting. 

Coach  Joe  Chew's  Shangtai  team,  an- 
other big  title-contender,  is  a  heavy  fa- 
vorite to  down  the  Scout  Juniors  in  the 
main  event.  However,  games  are  won 
only  after  the  final  whistle  has  been 
blown,  and  it  would  not  be  a  big  surprise 
to  find  the  underdogs  victorious.  The 
Juniors  will  depend  on  Peter  Chong, 
Ted  Moy,  Charles  Low,  and  Al  Young  to 
out-play  Shangtai's  heavy  guns,  Charlie 
Hing,  Fred  Gok,  Fred  Wong,  Gerald 
Leong,  Lee    Po,   and  George  Lee. 


Chinese  Girl  Scouts,  Troop  14,  in 
their  first  appearance  of  the  season,  de- 
feated the  Chung  Wah  School  girls  in  a 
basketball  game,  17-10,  last  Saturday 
night  at  the  Chinese  Presbyterian  Church 
court.  The  Girl  Scouts  won  this  first 
g-me  without  any  preliminary  practice. 
So  our  other  girls  teams  had  better  look 
afrer  their  laurels. 


Nulite  Wins 

The  Nulite  A.  C,  in  its  first  appear- 
ance of  the  season,  handed  the  Paliclique 
Club  a  28-21  beating  last  Friday  at  the 
Palo  Alto  High  School  gym. 

Mainstays  for  the  victors  were  Jue 
Yuen  with  ten  points  and  Howard  Ho 
with  eight.  Herbert  Louie  and  Gee  Wah 
played  a   strong   defensive   game. 

For  the  Palo  Alto  Chinese  team,  John 
Chuck  was  high-point  man  with  five 
digits.  Won  Loy  Chan  starred  on  defe- 
sive. 

A  return  game  between  the  two  clubs 
has  been  arranged  for  Dec.  27  at  the 
Francisco  gym,  San  Francisco,  at 
8:15  P  .M. 

•  • 

PROMISING  BOXER 

One  of  the  participants  in.  last  week's 
fourth  annual  Golden  Gloves  Boxing 
Tournament,  held  at  the  Dreamland 
Auditorium  was  a  Chinese  lad.  He  is 
Sammy  Fooey,  a  flyweight,  who  hails 
from    Red    Bluff,    California. 

In  his  first  bout,  Sammy  kayoed  a 
Fresno  boxer  with  a  two-fisted  attack  in 
the  second  round,  to  reach  the  quarter- 
finals. However,  in  the  latter  bout,  he 
met  a  much  more  experienced  fighter 
from   the   C.Y.O.    and    was    beaten. 

Sammy  looks  like  a  good  future  pros- 
pect. If  he  continues  to  improve,  and 
can  stand  the  pace,  he  should  go  a  long 
way    in    the    boxing    game. 

•  • 

The  fans  observed  at  last  Sunday's 
games  that  Arthur  Yim  and  Thomas 
Tong  handled  their  refereeing  and  um- 
piring jobs  quite  capably.  So  did  Henry 
Chinn,    who   refereed  the  first  contest. 

Quite  a  large  number  of  the  fair  sex 
attended  the  games.  If  last  Sunday's 
crowd  is  a  fair  example,  we  expect  ban- 
ner  attendances  at   later  games. 

•  • 

The  Chung  Mei  Home  100-pound 
football  team  ended  their  season's  sched- 
ule with  a  blaze  of  glory,  when  they  ad- 
ministered a  31-6  defeat  to  the  Berkeley 
Rotarians.  to  remain  unbeaten  and  un- 
tied. Chung  Mei  scored  by  inter- 
cepted passes  and  capitalizing  on  lucky 
breaks. 

However,  possibly  the  main  reason 
why  the  boys  piled  up  such  a  convincing 
score  may  have  been  that  the  girls  of 
Ming  Quong  Home,  who  were  in  the 
rooting  stands,  inspired  the  boys  to 
greater  heights. 


Nanwah    Wins 


Before  a  capacity  crowd  of  several 
hundred  spectators,  the  Nanwah  A.C. 
handed  the  Chi-Fornians  a  sound  trounc- 
ing by  the  final  score  of  28 — 9,  at  the 
French  Court  last  Sunday   evening. 

Lack  of  team  work  and  failure  of  the 
"dead  eyes"  to  find  the  loop  were  respon- 
sible for  the  Chi-Fornians'  disastrous 
showing.  Their  big  guns,  Look,  Tom,  H. 
Whoe,  and  V.  Wong,  were  completely 
silenced. 

Fred  Wong  and  George  Lee,  with  10 
and  8  points,  respectively,  were  the  main- 
stays for  the  winning  team.  Fred  Gok 
also  turned  in  an  impressive  all-around 
game. 

In  the  preliminary,  Nanwah  also  won 
— its  130  pounders  defeating  the  Sale- 
sians  145s  38-31  in  a  thriller.  It  was 
a  see-saw  affair,  with  the  lead  changing 
hands    several    times    during    the    contest. 

Bill  Quon  and  Ja  Wong  starred  for 
the  winners. 

•  • 

Chinese    Sportsmen's  News 

At  the  close  of  the  current  hunting 
season  the  Chinese  Sportsmen's  Club  re- 
ported limits  in  ducks,  pheasants,  quail, 
and  cottontails  by  the  following  mem- 
bers: Dr.  D.  K.  Chang,  Fred  Chow, 
"Slim"  Young,  Sunny  Medtoza,  and 
Quon   and   Mack    Soo    Hoo. 

Celebrating  this  successful  season,  Dr. 
Chang  gave  a  wild  duck  dinner  last 
Thursday,  December  5,  for  the  club 
members.  Sprigs  and  teal,  cooked  to 
the  sportmen's  taste,  were  served  by  Mrs. 
Chang.  The  club  members  took  to  Mrs. 
Chang's  ducks  the  same  way  a  duck  takes 
to  water.  In  fact,  one  member  ate  so 
much  that  he  required  Dr.  Chang's  serv- 
ices later  in  the  evening. 

The  entire  club  express  their  willing- 
ness to  take  all  persons  in  hand  who  de- 
sire to  learn  the  finer  points  of  hunting 
and    fishing. 

•  • 

In  a  hard-fought  fray,  the  Shangtai 
cagemen,  minus  several  players  in  its 
lineup,  went  down  to  defeat  last  week 
before  the  Central  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Unlim- 
iteds  by  a  score  of  35-31. 
•  • 

Playing  on  the  first  string  line-up  in 
pre-season  games  of  Lowell  High  School 
is  George  Lee,  a  forward.  George  is  one 
of    the   mainstays    of  the    Shangtai   team. 


\ 


Page   14 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December   13,    1935 


STORY  OF  CERAMIC  ART 

(Continued   from  Page   12) 

done  in  imitation  of  the  reddish  brown 
rims  found  on  most  Sung  wares.  But  in 
the  case  of  the  K'ang  Hsi  blue  and  white 
platters,  the  brown  is  applied  because  it 
is  said  to  have  a  toughening  effect  on  the 
otherwise  rather  brittle  edges  with  a  ten- 
dency  toward  chipping. 

10.  Some  bodies,  especially  the  un- 
glazed  bottles  of  the  T'ang  Dynasty 
(617-906  A.  D.)  are  made  with  "mar- 
bled pastes".  That  is  to  say,  several  diff- 
erent colored  pastes  are  unevenly  mixed 
together  before  potting,  giving  the  fin- 
ished product  a  marbled  or  veined  ap- 
pearance. This  marbling  of  the  paste 
reoccurred  many  times  since  the  T'ang 
Dynasty,  being  especially  popular  dur- 
ing  the  Wan  Li  Period  (1573-1619  A. 
D.)    of   the   Ming  Dynasty. 

11.  The  bodies  of  certain  wares, 
especially  Tz'u  Chou  ceramics,  are  often 
covered  with  a  slip  (that  is,  a  covering 
of  thin  paste  of  clay)  and  fired  before 
glazing.  This  slip  may  be  white  or  col- 
ored, and  is  especially  applied  to  change 
the  color  of  an  otherwise  coarse,  poorly 
colored  pottery.  Some  porcelain  receive 
a  slip  of  hua  shih  to  improve  the  texture 
of  the  surface.  Slips  are  often  detected 
at  the  base,  for  they  invariably  stop 
short  of  the  base,  even  as  the  glazes  fre- 
quently  stop   short  of  the  slip. 

12.  The  nature  of  the  body  material 
may  sometimes  be  hinted  at  thru  the 
glaze,  especially  if  the  latter  is  thin  and 
transparent.  Eruptions,  pin  points,  and 
air  holes  cannot  be  successfully  covered 
with  a  thin  glaze,  and  if  a  strong  light 
be  held  on  the  other  side  of  the  ware 
under  examination,  porous  pockets  and 
impurities    are    often    discernable. 

Copyrighted,  1935   Chingwah  Lee 

•  • 

RUDYARD  KIPLING 

(Continued   from   Page   9) 

Certainly  Rudyard  Kipling  went  away 
with  a  decidedly  distorted  impression  of 
Chinaton,  which  he  may  still  remember 
to  this  day.  Most  assuredly  he  did  not 
think  much  of  the  Chinese  as  a  whole,, 
although  when  he  traveled  in  North 
China  he  admired  the  country  and  its 
inhabitants.  But  then  Kipling  in  1888 
was  a  23-year-old  youngster  and,  for  all 
his  superficial  worldliness,  was  probably 
ignorant  of  civic  and  social  conditions  of 
San   Francisco   at    that  time. 

How  differently  he  would  feel  about 
Chinatown  today  if,  on  his  seventieth 
birthday,  he  could  see  with  his  own  eyes 
a  colorful  and  peaceful  community  of 
19,000  people  who  are  part  and  parcel 
of   this  great  city. 


ROMANCE  OF  SILK 

(Continued  from   Page   6) 

is  double,  varying  from  500  to  1300 
yards  in  length.  The  worm  must  be 
killed  before  he  begins  to  break  out  of 
his  cocoon.  If  he  does  break  out  the 
thread  is  spoiled  for  spinning.  The 
worms  are  usually  killed  by  throwing  the 
cocoon  into  steam  or  boiling  water.  This 
kills  the  chrysalis,  softens  the  gum  and 
sets  the  fibre  free.  The  ends  of  the 
thread  are  then  caught  up,  usually  six 
at  a  time,  and  reeled.  Much  of  this  work 
is  done  by  women.  The  raw  silk  is  reeled 
into  gleaming  white  skeins,  which  are 
now  ready  for  twisting,  washing,  dyeing 
and  weaving.  If  the  piece  of  goods  to  be 
woven  is  to  be  all  of  one  color,  the  silk  is 
dved  after  weaving,  otherwise  the  thread 
is  dyed  first. 

Exquisiteness  and  Perfection 
The  weaving  is  done  on  a  horizontal 
loom,  one  man  throwing  the  shuttle,  the 
other  drawing  the  headles,  the  part  of 
the  loom  which  controls  the  design.  The 
most  intricate  designs  are  learned  by 
heart  by  these  men,  who  seldom  use  a 
drawing  or  a  painting  to  aid  them.  Yet 
on  these  primitive  looms  are  woven 
exquisite  fabrics,  from  the  finest  gauze  to 
the  heaviest  velvets,  which  have  been 
the  pride  of  China  and  the  joy  of  col- 
lectors and  art  lovers  the  world  over. 

Our  European  Jacquard  looms  are  but 
adaptations  of  these  ancient  Chinese 
looms  with  machine  attachments,  and 
our  Western  designs  are  for  the  most 
part  those  which  have  delighted  the  sons 
and  daughters  of  Han  for  countless 
generations. 

The  Chinese  have  drawn  on  the  min- 
eral and  vegetable  world  for  their  won- 
drous colors,  which  have  never  been 
rivaled  or  equalled  elsewhere.  They  have 
carried  to  perfection  the  ornamenting  of 
their  silks  with  self-figured  designs  and 
embroidery  of  every  kind.  They  have  in- 
vented thread  of  gold  and  silver  paper, 
and  every  kind  of  stitch  and  knot.  Into 
their  fabrics  they  have  woven  and 
stitched  flower  and  bird,  beast  and  in- 
sect. In  them  they  have  told  their  leg- 
ends and  myths.  Into  them  they  have 
poured  the  wealth  of  their  race  tradi- 
tions, and  in  exquisite  imagery  they  have 
cunningly  wrought  their  symbolic  les- 
sons  in    religion    and   ethics. 

In  silk,  as  in  porcelain,  the  Chinese 
have  proven  themselves  master  work- 
men and  supreme  artists.  Nothing  is  too 
delicate  or  too  difficult  for  them  to 
undertake.  From  the  cocoon  of  the  hum- 
ble silk  worm  the  Chinese  have  developed 
and  brought  to  the  world  a  gift  which 
for  centuries  has  been  and  will  continue 
to   be   a    means   of    livelihood    to    tens    of 


FASHIONS 

(Continued  from  Page  11) 
selected  jacket,  made  of  pure  wool,  or 
perhaps  of  heavy  silk,  would  surprise 
him.  You  may  be  assured  that  he  will 
wear  it  around  the  house  these  cold 
evenings. 

For  the  younger  brother,  I  asked  one 
the  other  day  what  he  would  like  from 
his  sister  this  Christmas,  and  he  gave  me 
this  surprising  answer:  "I  have  no 
choice.  I  hint  around  for  a  tennis  racket, 
or  a  radio  or  one  of  those  new  watch 
chains,  but  it's  been  a  sweater  every 
year."'  So,  big  sister,  if  you  still  insist 
on  a  sweater  for  him,  do  get  the  young- 
ster (he's  growing  up,  remember)  one 
of  those  new  and  even  fancy  sweaters.  A 
belted  back,  with  a  small  checked  design, 
and  leather  buttons,  and  be  sure  that  it 
is    noted   for  wearing  quality. 

And  now,  my  dear  young  ladies,  if  you 
find  th=>t  with  the  above  mentioned  sug- 
gestions, you  still  remain  skeptical- 
minded,  and  find  your  problem  is  still  un- 
solved, let  me  offer  one  last  suggestion, 
and  if  he  doesn't  like  it,  he's  no  "fran" 
of  yours.  Wrap  it  innocent-like  in  the 
gayest  of  Xmas  paper,  tie  it  merrily  with 
the  brightest  of  ribbons,  and  warm  his 
heart  with  a  bottle  of  scotch,  or  rye,  or 
sauterne.  or  cognac  ....  or  what  would 
you    like? 


For  further  information  regarding 
any  of  the  above  mentioned  sugges- 
tions, please  phone  the  Chinese 
Digest. 


millions,  and  a  source  of  comfort  and 
joy  to  tens  of  millions  throughout  the 
world.  As  long  as  men  are  civilized,  as 
long  as  they  love  color  and  texture  and 
sheer  beauty,  so  long  will  the  silks  of 
China,  old  and  new,  be  sought  and 
treasured. 


December    13,    1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page   15 


SAMPAN  AND  CARAVAN 


CHINA  MAIL 

Ships  arriving  from  China: 

President  Coolidge  (San  Francisco) 
Dec.  18;  President  Jackson  (Seattle) 
Dec.  24;  President  Wilson  (San  Fran- 
cisco) Jan.  7;  President  Hoover  (San 
Francisco)  Jan.  15;  President  Lincoln 
(San  Francisco)  Feb.  4;  President  Taft 
(San  Francisco)  Feb.  12;  President 
Cleveland  (San  Francisco)  Mar.  3. 
Ships  leaving  for  China: 

President  Cleveland  (San  Francisco) 
Dec.  13;  President  Monroe  (San  Fran- 
cisco) Dec.  20;  President  Coolidge  (San 
Francisco)  Dec.  27;  President  Van 
Buren  (San  Francisco)  Jan.  3;  Presi- 
dent Garfield  (San  Francisco)  Jan. 17; 
President  Hoover  (San  Francisco)  Jan. 
24;  President  Polk  (San  Francisco) 
Jan.    31. 


Stanley  Wong,  a  twenty-one  year  old 
Chinese  who  came  to  America  eight 
years  ago,  will  return  to  Canton,  China, 
this  Friday  on  board  the  S.  S.  Cleveland. 
Wong,  a  sophomore  student  at  William 
Jewel's  College  in  Missouri,  has  been 
studying  chemistry.  His  father  is  a  di- 
rector of  the  Board  of  Health  at  Canton. 
•  • 

Jim  Chinn,  who  has  been  in  China  for 
six  years,  returned  on  the  President 
Pierce,  which   arrived   Dec.    10. 


.uinnmn.iuu.unu 


NEW 
CENTURY 
BEVERAGE 

CO. 

Manufacturers  of 

Orange  Crush 

Champagne   Cider 

Belfast  Products 


820  Pacific  St. 


DOuglas  0547 


San  Francisco,  California 

rtmUMIIITMintMMIMTMI.MM.MIIHIimMMm tl.MIMM.tMH.M.IMHMlMtltlr 


THE  THOUGHTFUL  GIFT 

Are  you  wondering  what  you  will  give  HIM,  HER  or  THEM 
for  Christmas?  Then,  may  we  suggest  a  gift  which  will  not  only 
give  the  recipient  a  wealth  of  enjoyable  reading,  but  also  serve  as 
a  weekly  reminder  of  YOU  throughout  the  year? 

It  will  be  educational,  stimulating,  and  chock  full  of  every- 
day news  of  interest, 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  THE  Thoughtful  Gift. 

EIGHT  MONTHS  FOR  ONE  DOLLAR 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Enclosed   please  find  the   sum    of (dollars)    for 

which    send   your   special    gift   offer    for   eight    months'   sub- 
scription to 


NAME    - 

ADDRESS  - 

CITY  _ - STATE 

SENDERS   NAME - 

ADDRESS     -- 

CITY   .-- -- STATE 


NAME    - - 

ADDRESS    - 

CITY  STATE 

SENDERS   NAME  

ADDRESS    - - - 

CITY  - STATE 


With  the  first  issue  of  each  gift  offer  the  CHINESE  DIGEST  will  enclose  a 
Christmas  card  with  the  name  of  the  sender.    This  offer  exmres  December  20. 


DIRECTORY  OF   CHINESE 
BAZAARS 


CITY  OF  HANKOW, 

406   Grant  Avenue — 

Antiques,    sillc,    tea,   ginger,    gifts. 
ISUEY  CHONG  COMPANY, 
515  Grant  Avenue — 

Slippers,    pajamas,    antiques. 
j  CHINESE  ART  SHOP, 
444   Grant  Avenue — 

Garments,  jewelry,  gifts. 
PEKING  BAZAAR, 
458  Grant  Avenue — 

Decorative     art,     furniture,     gifts. II 
IKWONG  TUNG  BAZAAR 
528   Grant   Avenue 

Curios,    novelties,    ornaments. 
1  CHINA  MERCANTILE  CO. 

543  Grant  Avenue — 
Silk   goods,    souvenirs,  curios. 

I  CHINA  TRADING  COMPANY 
531   Grant  Avenue — 

Porcelain,    tableware,    gifts. 
IJKWONG  SANG  COMPANY 
540    Grant   Avenue — 

Art  goods,  prizes,  pajamas. 
||GUMLING  COMPANY, 

544  Grant  Avenue — 
Robes,   silk  goods,   decorations. 

jJFOOCHOW  COMPANY, 
550  Grant  Avenue — 

Curios,   novelties,   souvenirs. 
((TIENTSIN  BAZAAR, 
564   Grant  Avenue — 

Baskets,    rattan    and    wickerworkJ 
|  SING  CHONG  BAZAAR, 
601  Grant  Avenue — 

Ceramics,     cloissonne,    silk,    gifts. 
CANTON  BAZAAR, 
616  Grant  Avenue — 

Furniture,   chests,   vases,    bronzes. 
SHANGHAI  BAZAAR, 
645  Grant  Avenue — 

Chinaware,    curios,   novelties. 
WAH  SANG  LUNG, 
667   Grant  Avenue — 

Furniture,    antiques,   ivory    goods. 
CHINA-WARE  SHOP, 
700    Grant  Avenue — 

Chinaware,      curios,      confections. 
W.  YOUNG  COMPANY, 
843    Grant  Avenue — 
Brassware,  rattanware. 
CHEW  CHONG  TAI, 
905  Grant   Avenue — 

Silk  hangings,   robes,   slippers. 
THE  BOWL  SHOP, 
953    Grant   Avenue — 

Porcelain,    slippers,    curios,    gifts. 
j  TAI  CHONG  COMPANY, 
743  Jackson  Street — 

Jewelry,    art    objects,   embroidery. 


,  4  ~— ""^" 


Page   16 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  13,    1935 


BUY  HIM  THE 
KINDOFTifSHE 
WOULO  PICK  OUT 
R>R  HIMSELF ! 


Cwudmaz 

NECKTIES 

1.00     1.50     2.50     3.50 


The  ROOS  Label  adds  value  to  the  Gift 


URcKttBfo* 


SAN  FRANCISCO  •  OAKLAND  •  HOLLYWOOD  •   BERKELEY 
FRESNO  •  SAN  JOSE  •  PALO  \LTO 


CU(N£S£ 

Digest 


->,  we\VS  -  &PO&TS  -  SOCIAL  -   COMMCWT  . 


Vol.    1,   No.   6 


December  20,    1935 


Five  Cents 


NEWS   ABOUT   CHINA 

JAPANESE  BOMB  CHINESE  CITY 

By  Tsu  Pan 


HJ^         For  the  purpose  of  compromising  with  Jap- 
lT    anese  desires,  the  Nanking  Government  made 
it  known  last  week  that  a  "Hopei  Chahar  Poli- 
tical Council"  will  be  established,  (which  no- 
minally is  under  the  control  of  the  Nanking 
Government,)    and   will    exercise   many    func- 
tions of  a  state  independently.  While  definite 
arrangements  were  being  made  for  the  inau- 
guration   of    the    new    regime,    the    Japanese 
-I*|  I     sponsored  East  Hopei  autonomous  state  (Chi- 
)  'J     nese   Digest,    Nov.    29)    resorted    to    military 
force  in  an  attempt  to  extend  its  influence  at 
the  port  of  Tangku. 

When  the  Chinese  peace  preservation  corps  under 
Shang  Chen  was  vacating  its  barracks  at  Tangku,  to  be 
transfered  southward,  the  "autonomous"  troops  took 
over  the  port  in  a  coup  d'etat.  A  short  skirmish  occurr- 
ed with  a  few  killed  on  each  side.  The  Japanese  troops 
stood  by  while  the  "autonomists"  took  action. 

The  Tangku  seizure  followed  closely  upon  the  arrest 
of  a  Chinese  commissioner  in  the  Tangku  area  by  the 
Japanese  military  because  of  his  alleged  refusal  to  lease 
certain  wharves  to  the  Japanese  army  for  military  pur- 
poses. His  refusal  was  based  on  opposition  of  the  pre- 
sent occupants  of  the  wharves. 

Strategic  Tangku 
Tangku  is  a  small  town  of  2500,  strategically  situated 
at   the  mouth   of  the  Pei  River.   It   is   the  gateway  to 
Tientsin  and  Peiping  and  hence  controls  the  import  and 
export  of  North  China. 

The  "autonomists"  had  attempted  to  find  an  outlet 
to  the  sea.  Tangku,  with  its  geographic  location  and 
lucrative  source  of  customs  revenues,  proved  the  ideal 
port  for  the  "autonomists".  General  Sung  Cheh-yuan 
newly  appointed  chairman  of  the  "Hopei  Chahar  Poli- 
tical Council"  ordered  his  troops  to  move  toward  the 
neighborhood  of  Tangku.  While  General  Sung  s  atti- 
tude toward  the  East  Hopei  "autonomists  was  not 
clearly  known,  the  Japanese  had  ordered  reinforce- 
ments of  military  police  from  Tangshan,  due  to  Sung  s 
arrival,  it  was  reported. 

A  few  davs  before  the  conflict  at  Tangku  a  detach- 
ment of  "Manchukuo"  troops  under  the  leadership  or 
Lee  Shu-sin*  invaded  the  city  of  Kuyan  ,n  eastern 
Chahar  Unable  to  check  the  tanks  and  airplanes  which 
the  invaders  were  said  to  have  used,  the  local  garrisons 


were  forced  to  withdraw  from  the  city.  The  area  was 
reported  to  be   in  a  virtual   state  of  siege,   with   ever- 
increasing  troops  pouring  in  from   "Manchukuo  '. 
Japanese  Planes  Bomb  Town 

However,  after  the  Chinese  had  re-entered  the  city, 
two  Japanese  military  planes  flew  overhead,  dropping 
leaflets  giving  a  twenty-four  hour  warning  for  the  Chi- 
nese troops  to  evacuate.  But  in  less  than  twelve  hours, 
Japanese  planes  returned  and  bombed  the  city,  killing 
many  civilians.  The  Chinese  troops  evacuated  as  soon 
as  the  bombing  started,  but  they  returned  during  the 
night  to  hold  the  city,  it  was  reported. 

In  the  meantime,  at  Kalgan,  a  detachment  of  Japan- 
ese soldiers  suddenly  arrived  at  the  city,  bewildering 
the  native  populace  and  soldiery.  No  conflict  occurred. 
The  Chinese,  however,  had  reinforced  its  garrison  to 
prepare  for  any  eventuality. 

Special  Significance 

Experienced  observers  believe  that  the  arrival  of  Jap- 
anese soldiers  at  Kalgan  has  special  significance  in  re- 
gard to  Japanese  Asiatic  policies.  By  establishing  con- 
trol at  Kalgan,  the  Japanese  opened  the  gateway  to 
Inner  Mongolia.  With  the  cooperation  of  the  "auton- 
omist" troops  in  East  Hopei  area,  the  Japanese  have 
at  present  consolidated  a  line  of  offense  all  the  way 
from  the  port  of  Tangku  to  Kalgan.  In  case  of  war,  the 
Japanese  can  then  move  their  troops  quickly  from  the 
port  of  Tangku  to  Kalgan  over  the  Tientsin-Peiping 
and  Peiping-Suiyuan  railways. 

Conference  Called 

That  the  Japanese  military  in  North  China  is  in  close 
cooperation  with  the  "autonomist"  army  in  Eastern 
Hopei  is  evidenced  by  the  resolutions  of  a  military 
conference  recently  held  at  Tientsin.  The  conference 
was  called  by  Major  General  Hayao  Tada,  commander 
of  the  Japanese  garrisons  in  North  China,  for  an  ex- 
change of  views  with  Colonel  Seiichi  Kita  who  arrived 
from  Tokio  with  "important  instructions".  It  was  learn- 
ed that  the  main  resolutions  reached  at  this  conference 
was  concerned  with  the  expansion  of  the  Japanese  mili- 
tary force  in  North  China  "to  meet  the  new  conditions". 
It  was  also  decided  that  hereafter,  the  Japanese  mili- 
tary will  cooperate  with  the  autonomist  regime  in  spite 
of  any  interference  from  Nanking.  The  Japanese  army 
again  vigorously  denounced  Nanking's  "double-faced 
(Continued  on  Page  2) 


Page  2 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December   20,    1935 


JAPANESE  BOMB  CITY 

(Continued    from   Page    1) 

policy"    (Chinese    Digest,   Nov.    22). 

In  Peiping,  Chinese  students  staged  a 
big  demonstration  in  an  effort  to  organ- 
ize the  nation  for  action.  Students  from 
universities,  colleges  and  high  schools 
totalling  7000  strong,  marched  through 
the  streets  of  Peiping  to  demonstrate 
against  Japanese  aggression.  Led  by 
students  from  Yenching  University,  the 
group  entered  the  Northwestern  gate  of 
the  city  and  wormed  its  way  through 
the  main  thoroughfares  in  freezing  win- 
try weather.  Anti-Japanese  slogans  were 
howled  all  the  way.  In  manifests  to  the 
nation,  the  students  wanted: 

1.  To  oppose  the  North  China  inde- 
pendence movement, 

2.  To  oppose  Sino-Japanese  negotia- 
tions in  regard  to  the  North  China  situa- 
tion, 

3.  To  demand  the  Government  not 
to  compromise  with  Japan,  and 

4.  To  denounce  the  Eastern  Hopei 
autonomous  regime  and  to  abolish  the 
"Hopei  Chahar  Political  Council"  which 
is  a  semi-autonomous  state  set  up  by  the 
Central  Government  in  Nanking  under 
Japanese  influence. 

The  students  collided  with  the  local 
police  in  front  of  the  mayor's  office.  The 
police  charged  with  swords,  gun  butts 
and  fire  hose.  As  a  result,  ten  students 
were    killed   and  many  wounded. 

The  killing  in  Peiping  aroused  the 
sympathy  of  students  in  Shanghai,  Han- 
kow, Canton,  Hangchow,  and  many 
other  cities  who  quickly  organized  for 
the  same  movement.  A  nation-wide  gen- 
eral strike  was  called  in  protest  against 
the  Japanese  actions  and  the  detach- 
ment o^  North  China  from  the  Central 
Government.  In  many  places,  boys 
walked  out  from  classrooms  to  attend 
military  drills  while  the  girls  organized 
themselves  into  first  aid  corps  to  prepare 
for  eventualities. 

•  • 

The  main  object  of  study  is  to  unfold 
the  aim;  with  one  who  loves  words,  but 
does  not  improve,  I  can  do  nothing. 

Confucius 


SEASON'S  GREETINGS 
from  the 

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STORE 

754  Grant  Ave.  CHina   2288     1$ 

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NOTICE 

A  number  of  persons  have  been 
identifying  themselves  as  representa- 
tives of  the  CHINESE  DIGEST. 

The  public  is  cautioned  to  ask  our 
representatives  for  their  identification 
cards,  issued  to  bona  fide  members  of 
the  staff. 

Identification  cards  are  printed  on 
brown  cards,  with  four  Chinese  char- 
acters. If  any  other  information  is 
needed,  kindly  call  CHina  2400. 


Art    Exhibit   in    London 

What  is  considered  as  the  greatest 
single  collection  of  Chinese  art  treasures 
ever  assembled  for  an  international  ex- 
hibition war.  opened  to  the  public  recent- 
ly in  the  Royal  Academy's  Burlington 
House,  London.  The  exhibition  boasts  of 
more  than  25,000  Chinese  art  pieces 
gathered  from  collections  in  the  United 
States,  France,  Germany,  Holland,  Swe- 
den, Japan,  Turkey,  England,  Austria, 
Egypt)  and  China.  Her  Majesty,  the 
Queen  of  England,  and  Mrs.  John  D. 
Rockefeller,  also  lent  their  private  Chi- 
nese collections. 

From  China  came  21,000  imperial  art 
pieces,  the  accumulated  treasures  of  thir- 
ty-five centuries,  and  which  the  Chinese 
themselves  have  never  viewed  at  close 
range.  They  had  been  kept  in  dust-proof 
cases  in  the  Palace  Museum  in  Peiping. 
Two  years  ago,  fearing  the  invasion  of 
the  Japanese  into  Peiping,  the  Nanking 
government  had  these  treasures  removed 
to  Shanghai,  where  they  were  stored  in 
bomb-proof     and     burglar-proof     vaults. 

A  year  ago,  England  sent  a  commis- 
sion to  China  and  Japan  to  secure  from 
both  governments  the  use  of  their  Chi- 
nese art  collections.  Because  the  com- 
mission was  headed  by  the  Earl  of  Lyt- 
ton,  the  same  man  who  in  1932  con- 
demned Japan's  action  in  the  invasion 
of  Manchuria  in  his  famous  Lytton 
Commission  Report  to  the  League  of 
Nations,  Japan  at  first  refused  to  send  a 
single  art  object.  However,  she  later  con- 
sented to  send  a  few. 

Last    July,    the    collection    from    China 

.cfC^J^^rSi  tS^JS^PSi  iFC^JS^FS  <ST 
You    Are    Cordially    Invited    to    Visit    the 

INDIA  CHINA  TRADING  CO.'S  STORE 

At     445     GRANT    AVENUE 

San   Francisco's    Chinatown 

and    Select    Gifts    from    India.    China    and 

other    Oriental    Countries 

G.    R.    Channon.    Manager 


Portland    Consul 
Passes   Away 

The  resident  Consul  of  Portland  for 
the  Republic  of  China,  Moy  Pak  Hin, 
died  at  the  age  of  90  after  months  of 
lingering  illness.  He  is  survived  by  his 
widow,  and  many  sons,  daughters  and 
grandchildren.  Stanley  Moy,  a  grandson, 
who  is  studying  at  the  Stanford  Univer- 
sity as  a  post-graduate  student  in  aero- 
nautics, left  for  Portland  on  the  day  of 
his   passing. 

Consul  Moy  rose  to  his  famed  position 
from  the  rank  of  a  Labor  Director  for 
the  railroads  in  the  early  eighties.  At 
one  time  he  directed  more  than  a  score 
of  enterprises  and  was  considered  Port- 
land's  richest   Chinese   merchant. 


arrived  in  England  aboard  one  of  Her 
Majesty's  naval  cruisers,  Suffolk.  The 
21,000  pieces,  packed  in  93  steel  trunks, 
were  set  up  in  Burlington  House  by  Chi- 
nese experts.  A  few  of  the  most  valuable 
objects   seen   at  the  exhibition    were: 

A  famous  pre-Sung  dynasty  painting 
on  porcelain,  known  as  the  "Blue  of  the 
Sky  After  Rain".  Produced  by  imperial 
order,  the  rare  tint  achieved  by  this  pic- 
ture has  never  been  duplicated,  and  is 
said  to  be  "as  blue  as  the  sky,  as  clear  as 
a  mirror,  as  thin  as  paper,  and  as  reson- 
ant as  a  musical  stone  of  jade". 

A  bas-relief  in  stone  called  "Purple 
Swallow",  borrowed  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  Museum.  It  shows  a 
general  of  the  T'ang  dynasty  drawing  an 
arrow  from  the  chest  of  his  master's 
horse,  "Purple  Swallow".  This  bas-relief 
is  one  of  six  panels  made  for  the  tomb 
of  the  Empress  Yang  Kwei-fei. 

A  38-foot  landscape  scroll  called  "Ten 
Thousand  Miles  of  the  Yangtze",  1 3th 
century. 

Two  paintings  by  the  Emperor  Chi'en 
Lung  himself    (1736-96). 

A  portrait  of  Genghis  Khan,  and  a 
Buddhist   carving   of  the   6th  century. 

The  latest  piece  is  a  17th  century 
cloisonne  enamel  elephant  from  Queen 
Mary's  collection. 


SEASONS  GREETINGS 
BEN     CHEY 

FORD 

Sales  •  Service 

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725  Pacific  St.         GAr.  4592 


December  20,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  3 


CHINATOWNIA 


Art  Lectures   Given 

At  an  exhibition  of  the  Chinese  Art 
Association  of  America,  held  at  the  De 
Young  Museum  of  Golden  Gate  Park, 
Professor  Rinaldo  Cueno,  famed  judge 
of  fine  arts,  gave  a  short  talk  on  "The 
Chinese-American  Artist".  Pointing  out 
that  the  Chinese  in  America  have  a  dis- 
tinctive contribution  to  make  in  the  field 
of  art,  he  stated  that  the  Chinese  historic 
painters  are  the  world's  greatest,  along- 
side which  the  European  painters  are  but 
amateurs.  "The  capacity  of  the  Chinese 
artist  to  organize  his  material,  his  fine 
sense  of  color,  of  form,  and  of  vibration 
enables  him  to  produce  masterpieces 
which  appear  like  a  world  held  in  cap- 
tivity," said   Professor  Cueno. 

He  pointed  out  how  the  modern  Chi- 
nese-American painter  is  absolutely  sin- 
cere, but  is  confused  by  attempting  to 
imitate  the  American  art  style;  he  sees  a 
great  future  for  the  many  artists  who 
were  represented  at  the  exhibit.  The  talk 
was  followed  by  brief  comment  on  the 
various  paintings  and  water  colors  on 
display. 

The  exhibit,  which  opened  Dec.  10, 
will  be  open  to  the  public  daily  from 
10  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Next  Sunday,  Dec. 
22,  at  3:00  p.  m.,  Professor  Kang  S. 
Hong,  principal  of  the  Nom  Kue 
Academy  will  lecture  in  Chinese  on 
"Chinese  Art".  The  leicture  is  open  to 
the  public,  at  the  De  Young  Museum. 
•  • 

A  son  was  born  on  Dec.  8  to  the  wife 
of  Robert  Q.  Choy,  120  Trenton  Street, 
San  Francisco. 

Him inrmmTTTnTlii II II i"" "  I  III  III  I  Mil  I  MM  I  limna 


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from  the 

£J!MM* 
re/ruic 


men/  /h«|i 

• 

ANNIVERSARY   SALE 
Complete  Line  of 
Men's  Furnishings 

A    FREE    WOOLEN    BLANKET 

With   the    Purchase    of    Each 

Suit    or  Overcoat 


Provisions  of  New 
Laundry  Ordinance 

The  new  laundry  ordinance  of  San 
Francisco  which  went  into  effect  this 
month,  and  which  will  particularly  affect 
the  Chinese  laundries,  carries  the  follow- 
ing specific  provisions: 

( 1 )  On  Sunday,  New  Year's  Day, 
Memorial  Day,  Independence  Day,  La- 
bor Day,  Washington's  Birthday,  Ad- 
mission Day,  Thanksgiving  Day,  and 
Christmas  Day,  it  is  unlawful  to  open 
for  business; 

Exceptions  are  on  those  holidays 
which    fall    on    a   Monday    or    Saturday; 

Hours  on  which  business  may  be  trans- 
acted are  from  7  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m.  Before 
or  after  the  hours  specified  it  is  unlawful 
to  collect  or  to  deliver  laundry; 

(2)  All  trucks  or  cars  used  by  laun- 
dries for  collection  and  delivery  must 
bear  the  company's  name  on  both  sides 
of   the   vehicle   in   4-inch    English  letters; 

(3)  Hotels  and  hospitals  which  oper- 
ate their  own  private  laundries  are  ex- 
empt from  the  provisions  of  this  ordin- 
ance; 

(4)  Any  persons  or  companies  found 
guilty  of  violating  the  provision  or  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance  shall  be  fined 
not  more  than  #500  or  not  more  than 
six   months'    imprisonment. 


SEASON'S  GREETINGS 


FILM  COMPANY  NEW  NAME 

Last  week  Chinatown's  new  film  con- 
cern, the  Kwong  Ngai  Talking  Picture 
Company,  announced  its  American  name 
as  the  Cathay  Pictures,  Ltd.,  with  head- 
quarters at  1010  Washington  St.  Also 
announced  was  the  fact  that  the  shoot- 
ing of  its  first  production,  "Heartaches", 
featuring  the  stage  actress,  Wei  Gim 
Fong,  has  been  completed  and  that  the 
new  picture  will  be  released  shortly. 

•  • 
CHINESE  STUDENTS  IN  U.  S. 

Recent  statistics  received  from  Nan- 
king placed  the  number  of  Chinese  stu- 
dents now  studying  in  the  United  States 
and  Canada  at  1,443.  They  also  show 
that  this  number  is  enrolled  in  approxi- 
mately 200  colleges  and  universities. 

As  in  previous  years,  the  largest  pro- 
portion of  these  students  is  taking  tech- 
nological and  engineering  courses,  while 
a  great  number  study  business  and  poli- 
tical  science. 

The  number  of  Chinese  students  now 
studying  in  North  America  shows  an  in- 
crease over  the  1933-1934  period,  which 
was  1,101.  During  the  1934-1935  period 
the  number  was  1,500,  but  251  of  these 
were  in  the  University  of  Hawaii,  Hono- 
lulu. Therefore,  the  present  number  of 
Chinese  students  in  continental  United 
States  and  Canada  is  also  an  increase 
over   the   preceding   period. 

•  • 

SQUARE    AND  CIRCLE  ELECTIONS 

At  a  recent  election,  the  following 
were  chosen  as  officers  of  the  Square 
and  Circle  Club  for  Spring,  1936: 
President,  Mrs.  Ira  Lee;  vice-president, 
Miss  Emeline  Fong;  recording  secretary, 
Miss  Renmi  Jue;  corresponding  secre- 
tary, Miss  Ruth  Young;  treasurer,  Mrs. 
Norman  Chinn;  service  chairman,  Mrs. 
Loy  Kwok;  social  chairman,  Miss  Bea- 
trice Lee. 


FROM 

The  Shangtai 

A  672  Jackson  Sf.        CHina  1215  K 

%,  &  &  A  &  &  &  &  &  A  A  A  & 

CHINESE     DIGEST  & 

WISHES    YOU  & 

&      A     MERRY     CHRISTMAS      & 

%,**.*  .*.  A  &  A  Hk  &  4k  4k  0 


Page  4 


CHINESE       DIC EST 


December  20,   1935 


CHINATOWNIA 


Sacramento   Club  Started  Paging  Charlie  Chan 


Chinese  students  of  Sacramento  Jun- 
ior College  have  organized  a  club  called 
the  Sui  Wah.  Approximately  twenty 
Chinese  are  enrolled  at  the  J.  C.  this 
year,  this  being  a  record  enrollment. 

The  Sui  Wah  Club  will  hold  a  Christ- 
mas Raffle  on  Friday,  Dec.  20,  and  three 
valuable  prizes  will  be  given  away.  The 
fund  will  be  used  for  charity  and  edu- 
cational purposes  for  the  Chinese  com- 
munity of  Sacramento. 

On  Dec.  6,  the  club  held  a  debate  with 
the  Filipino  Club,  which  was  a  success 
as  proved  by  the  good  attendance.  The 
question  was,  "Resolved,  That  the  Pre- 
sent Policy  of  Military  Preparedness 
Should  be  Abandoned."  The  Filipino 
team  took  the  negative  side,  while  the 
Chinese  team,  composed  of  Shu  Wong, 
Ginn  Wong,  and  Ruth  Fong,  took  the 
affirmative  stand. 

•  • 
HEALDS  CHINESE  STUDENTS 
GIVE  EXHIBIT 

Under  the  sponsorship  of  the  Chinese 
Associated  Students  of  Heald's  College, 
an  electrical,  mechanical,  civil,  auto,  and 
business  exhibit  will  be  held  on  Dec.  28 
and  29  at  33  Spofford  Alley.  Admission 
is  fifteen  cents. 

Seven  valuable  door  prizes  will  be 
given  away.  They  are:  first,  a  #112.50 
auto  course  scholarship;  second,  a 
$75.00  ignition  course  scholarship;  third, 
a  #25.00  radio;  fourth,  a  Coty  beauty 
set;  fifth,  a  silk  shirt;  sixth,  a  Parker  pen 
and  pencil  set;  and  seventh,  a  smoking 
stand. 

•  • 


A  mystery  which  is  as  perplexing  as 
any  real  situation  ever  unraveled  by 
Charlie  Chan  of  the  cinema  world  with 
alacrity  and  sublety  faces  his  real  life 
counterpart  in  Chinatown. 

Believing  implicitly  in  his  ability  to 
explain  all  complications  of  an  appar- 
ently insolvable  nature,  Miss  Alice  P. 
Fong,  who  directed  the  last  fashion 
show  for  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Community 
Night  entertainment,  is  asking  for  his 
solution  of  the  baffling  mystery  of  the 
beautiful  Chinese  gown  which  did  a  dis- 
appearing act  and  as  yet,  has  not  been 
recovered. 

However,  before  Charlie  Chan  applies 
to  Miss  Fong  for  further  particulars 
regarding  the  case,  perhaps  it  might  be 
well  for  the  person  or  persons  who  know 
the  whereabouts  of  the  lovely  garment 
to  return  it  to  her  via  the  safe  and  silent 
deliveryman,  the  U.  S.   Parcel  Post. 

•  • 

OAKLAND  SCOUT  FROLIC 

Oakland  Veteran  Chinese  Scouts  of 
Troop  45  will  hold  its  Annual  Pre-New 
Year's  Frolic  on  Friday  Evening,  Dec. 
27,  at  the  Lincoln  School  Auditorium, 
Jackson  at  11th   St.,   Oakland. 

According  to  Dr.  Raymond  L.  Ng, 
Scoutmaster  of  the  troop,  entertainment 
will  consist  of  an  one  act  play  entitled 
"Scrooges",  musical  selections,  Chinese 
motion  pictures,  and  dancing. 

•  • 

A  son  was  born  on  Dec.  6  to  the  wife 
of  Tsiu  Jaw,  663  Clay  Street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Calif. 


FIRECRACKERS 


WE   MADE  THESE  FANCY   ICE  CREAMS   ESPECIALLY    FOR    YOUR   HOLIDAYS — 

TUTTI    FRUTTI,    ROCKY    ROAD,   BUTTERED    PECAN,    FRUIT   CAKE   ICE    CREAM 

AND    ALL   OTHER   FLAVORS — IN   PINTS,    QUARTS    AND    BULK 


FDnG 

Fourrrmn 


FDnG 

BRKERy 


"FOREMOST  BAKERS  OF  FINEST  CHINESE  CAKES" 
The   Perfect   Christmas  Gift — Fong   Font's  Boxed    Fancy  Cookies — We  Deliver 

824  GRANT  AVENUE  CHina  1010 

San  Francisco  -  -  .  California 


This  column  is  conducted  for 
the  benefit  of  our  readers,  under 
which  they  may  submit  suggestions 
and  comments  on  any  and  all 
topics  pertaining  to  the  Chinese 
people  or  country. 


Dear  Editor: 

Please  allow  me  to  congratulate  you 
and  your  able  staff  for  the  unprece- 
dented weekly,  "Chinese  Digest".  A  pub- 
lication more  conductive  to  an  awaken- 
ing from  our  pernicious  apathy  and 
wanton  lethargy  and  one  which  carries 
an  aim  more  challenging  to  a  greater 
cooperative  effort  toward  community 
and  self  improvement  has  never  before 
been  attempted  in  the  life  of  our  people 
in  our  more  than  four  score  years  of 
existence  in   the  United  States. 

Where  do  we  stand,  where  are  we  go- 
ing, and  what  should  our  objectives  be 
in  our  relation  to  one  another  and  to 
the  larger  community  of  which  we  are 
a  small  but  nevertheless  important  part, 
are  questions  which  not  only  deserve  the 
study  of  our  leaders  but  demand  the 
wholehearted  attention  of  the  entire 
community. 

The  "Digest"  has  set  the  pace  for  us 
to  follow.  It  characterizes  a  change  in 
outlook  toward  life  in  America  between 
the  old  Chinese  immigrant  and  the 
young  native-born.  It  is  also  symbolic  of 
the  regenerative  spirit  of  assertive  youth 
throughout  the  world.  Your  courageous 
leadership,  initiative,  vision,  and  indus- 
try deserve  more  than  mere  praise.  You 
deserve  every  support  of  our  young 
people  and  our  American  well-wishers. 
'Not  only  read  the  Digest,  but  subscribe 
to  it"  should  be  the  slogan  of  every 
intelligent   and   loyal    young    Chinese. 

May  your  worthy  enterprise  meet  with 
ever   increasing  success. 

Very  sincerely  yours, 
Alice  P.  Fong. 

December    14. 

San  Francisco,  California. 


• 

• 

ALFRED    B 

.   CHONC 

INSURANCE 

Special 

Agent                                  ' 

Kansat    City     Lift 

Insurance    Co.             i 

&   Ph 

one  SUtter   2995 ; 

Ret.    PRoipect    81  IS      j 

1 1 1     Suiter    St., 

San    Francisco                4 

«<>C^O'*VvVfcO'^N>0^^^*>sv^>*-C,,'0-V 

December   20,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  5 


CHICAGO  NEWS 

Chicago,  111.,  Dec.  15 —  The  Young 
China's  Auxiliary  held  a  bazaar  last 
night  at  the  On  Leong  School  to  raise 
funds  for  a  Christmas  party  for  Chinese 
children.  Officers  of  the  club  are  as  fol- 
lows: president,  Helen  Wong;  vice-presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Goo;  secretary,  Miss  Moy; 
treasurer,  Mrs.  Stella  Lau;  donation 
chairman,    Mrs.   Goo. 

Chicago's  Young  Chinese  Boys'  Club 
recently  gave  a  party  in  honor  of  the 
girls'  club.  There  was  dancing,  games, 
and  prizes  were  awarded  the  winners. 

•  • 
"SAU  YEB"  PROUD  FATHER 

A  baby  boy  is  brightening  the  house- 
hold of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Lee,  for- 
merly of  San  Francisco,  who  are  now 
residing  in  Canton,  China. 

We  remember  Charlie  (Sau  Yee)  as 
one  of  San  Francisco  Chinatown's  rank- 
ing tennis  players  a  few  years  ago.  Mrs. 
Lee  is  the  former  Lucille  Jung. 

•  • 
BPWORTH   LEAGUE    ELECTIONS 

New  officers  of  the  Chinese  Epworth 
League  are:  president,  Robert  G.  Poon; 
vice-president,  Albert  Park  Li;  second 
vice-president,  Alyce  E.  Lee;  third  vice- 
presidents,  Edwin  L.  Jew  and  Edna  K. 
Choy;  fourth  vice-presidents,  Lillian 
Owyang  and  Harold  M.  Y.  Leau;  trea- 
surer, Eric  L.  Owyang;  Chinese  secretary, 
Roy  S.  Tom;  English  secretary,  May  N. 
Owyang;  and  pianist,  Pearl  Chinn. 

•  • 

"TAX  FREE  POTATOES" 
China  may  ship  one  and  one-tenth 
bushels  of  potatoes  into  the  United 
States  this  year  without  paying  a  tax 
under  the  control  law,  it  was  announced 
the  other  day  by  the  AAA.  This  figure 
was  reached  by  calculations. 

Officials,  fixing  quotas  on  the  basis  of 
average  imports  from  1929  to  1934, 
found  that  1933  was  the  only  year  in 
which  China's  potatoes  were  shipped  to 
this  country,  the  amount  a  little  more 
than  seven  bushels.  By  spreading  this 
over  the  six  years,  China's  average  of 
one  and  one-tenth  bushels  was  arrived  at. 


Season's  Greetings 
WUNG  FAT  CO. 

JEWELERS 
"GIFTS  FOR   ALL  OCCASIONS 
EXPERT  WATCH   REPAIRING 
749    Jackson  St.  - 


San    Francisco, 


CHina    0501 
California 


TEA    AND     LANTERNS 


Cathay    Dance 


If  you  are  planning  to  have  a  good 
time  on  New  Year's  Eve,  Cathay  Club, 
Inc.  guarantees  you  a  warm  welcome 
at  their  dance  to  be  held  at  the  Trianon 
Ballroom  at  Sutter  Street  and  Van  Ness 
Avenue. 

Sponsored  by  the  only  musical  club  in 
this  section,  they  promise  you  an  evening 
of  good  music  and  entertainment  with 
door  prizes  and  gay  souvenirs.  A  seven 
piece  orchestra,  the  Chinatown  Knights, 
will  furnish  the  dance  music,  which  will 
last  from  9  p.  m.  to  2  a.  m. 

Tickets  may   be  purchased  at  the  gate. 

•  • 

Ma  Jong  Club  Started 

As  a  way  to  raise  funds  for  the  sub- 
scription of  magazines  and  newspapers 
for  its  reading  room,  the  Chinese  Catho- 
lic Young  Men's  Association  began  a 
series  of  monthly  ma  jong  games  last 
week  at  its  headquarters  in  the  Catholic 
Center. 

Each  player  is  charged  twenty-five 
cents  admission,  and  two  prizes  are  given 
at  the  end  of  the  game  to  the  player  win- 
ning the  most  points  and  to  the  one 
winning  the  least.  Mrs.  Chan  Wai  and 
Thomas  Dea  won  the  most  and  the  least 
points,   respectively,   at   the   first   game. 

The  next  of  the  series  will  be  played 
on  Jan.  10,  1936,  it  has  been  announced. 

•  • 
YOUNG  CHINESE  A.  C  TO 
GIVE  ANNUAL  CARD  PARTY 

The  Chinese  of  Oakland  are  looking 
forward  to  the  annual  card  party  given 
by  the  Young  Chinese  Athletic  Club, 
which  will  be  held  on  Dec.  28,  at  the 
Oakland  C.  A.  C.  A.  Hall  at  8:30  P.  M. 
One  of  the  features  of  the  party  will  be 
a  raffle,  with  a  dazzling  array  of  prizes 
to  be  given  away. 

•  • 

gj       SEASON'S  GREETINGS      jg 


CANTON  NOODLE  FACTORY 

Jack  C.  Ng,  Owner  ig 


1135  Stockton  Street 

rancisco,   Cal 
CHina  0016 


M         San  Francisco,   California        y 
9  CHina  0016  Q 


Christmas  at  the  Y.  W.  C.  A. 

On  Saturday,  Dec.  21,  Father  Christ- 
mas will  spend  a  glorious  day  at  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  965  Clay  St.  For 
the  children  of  the  community  there  will 
be  an  afternoon  party  at  12:30  with 
games,  singing,  and  refreshments  for  all 
of  the  very  young  people  who  wish  to 
come.  That  evening  at  7:30,  there  will 
be  a  program  for  both  young  and  old — 
a  fantasy  in  English  and  a  play  in  Chi- 
nese. Everyone  is  cordially  invited  to 
join  in  ushering  in  this  joyous  holiday. 


GALILEO  DANCE 

Dancing  to  a  nine  piece  orchestra  at 
the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  on  Dec.  14,  the  Galileo 
Chinese  Students  Club  officially  ended 
their  term.  Approximately  300  persons 
were  present.  At  intermission  time 
awards  were  made  to  the  winning  Com- 
merce basketball  team  in  the  All-High 
League. 

The  officers  for  the  club  were:  presi- 
dent, George  Chung;  vice-president, 
Marie  Lee;  secretary,  Rose  Louie;  trea- 
surer, Alfred  Lee;  girls  athletic  manager, 
May  Lo;  boys  athletic  manager,  Stephen 
Leong. 

JUNG   ANNIVERSARY 

The  second  wedding  anniversary  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  Jung  was  cele- 
brated at  a  unique  progressive  banquet 
which  started  at  the  Johnny  Rendezvous 
and  ended  with  dessert  and  dancing  at 
the  Cairo  Club.  A  special  comedy,  'fll 
Duce,  Him  My  Brother",  was  arranged 
for  the  party  at   the  Cairo  Club. 


SEASON'S  GREETINGS 
from 

LAWRENCE  MAH 
Insurance 


What  is  More  Thoughtful 

Than  a  Photograph 

for   Christinas 

Appointments   Made  by   Telephone 

YEE  WONG  STUDIO 

57  Brenham  Place  CHina  1221 


/\ 


Page  6 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  20,    1935 


CULTURE 


CHINGWAH  LEE 


THE  STORY  OF  CERAMIC  ART 


(IV)    How    Pottery    Originated 
in  Early  Times 

The  origin  of  pottery  is  shrouded  in 
neolithic  mystery.  The  earliest  known 
pottery  is  a  bit  of  shard  found  in  Egypt 
dating  to  about  18-16000  B.  C.  From 
archeological  finds  and  from  the  study 
of  present  day  primitive  potters  we  can 
secure  valuable  data  which  enables  us  to 
reconstruct  in  the  rough  the  main  steps 
in    the   evolution   of  this   fascinating   art. 

Before  the  invention  of  pottery  primi- 
tive men  made  use  of  gourds,  cocoanut 
shells,  and  carved  dishes  of  wood  and 
soapstone  to  hold  their  food  and  liquid. 
It  is  conceivable  that  the  placing  of  a 
cocoanut  shell  on  a  newly  made  fireplace 
embankment  of  moist  clay  will  leave  an 
impression  which  when  heated  results  in 
the  production  of   a  pottery    bowl. 

Basketry  was  also  used  extensively  by 
primitive  men  before  the  appearance  of 
pottery.  Large  basketry  jars  were  used 
to  hold  water  and  to  store  grain.  Torn 
storage  jars  may  be  repaired  by  lumps  of 
clay,  and  the  entire  surface  may  eventu- 
ally be  smeared  with  clay  as  an  added 
protection  against  the  elements  and 
rodents.  The  accidental  burning  of  such 
a  clay  coated  basketry  would  certainly 
result  in  a  fired  pottery  of  some  sort. 
Mat  Wrapped  Variety 

At  any  rate,  the  earliest  pottery  shows 
a  strong  affinity  to  basketry.  The  earliest 
wares,  in  fact,  are  said  to  be  of  the  mat 
wrapped  variety — vessels  made  with  the 
aid  of  mat  wrappings.  No  such  vessels 
have  been  found  in  China,  but  some 
three-legged  neolithic  vessels  from  Honan 
(Yangshao  period,  3,000  B.  C)  have 
hatchings  and  cross  hatchings  which 
strongly  suggest  mat  marks.  Similar 
wares  are  still  being  made  today  by 
tribes    along   the    Tibetian    border. 

Chou  Dynasty  pottery  is  often  deco- 
rated with  a  pattern  of  rope  impression 
or  finger  nail  markings  which  also  re- 
motely suggest  a  mat  pattern,  but  which 
is  more  closely  related  to  the  corrugated 
pottery  of  the  Pueblo  I  Period  Indians 
of  the  American  Southwest  (about  two 
thousand  years  ago) . 

Coiled   Method 

The  next  step  appeared  to  be  the  pro- 
duction of  pottery  by  the  coiled  method. 
This  is  done  by  first  moulding  from 
moist  clay  a  thick  saucer-like  plate.  Then 
more  moist  clays  are  rolled  into  "rope", 
and  applied  to  the  edge  of  this  saucer 
with   the    fingers,   pressure   being  used   to 


make  the  moist  clay  adhere  firmly 
(luting),  and  in  this  way  the  vessel  is 
built  to  the  desired  shape  and  height. 
The  surface  is  then  smoothed  off  with 
a  pebble  or  stick  and  the  vessel  allowed 
to  dry  thoroughly  in  the  sun  before  fir- 
ing. The  shape  of  these  coiled  pottery 
takes  after  that  of  its  proto-types,  the 
gourd   and   the    basketry    vessels. 

The  next  improvement- appeared  to  be 
the  invention  of  the  anvil  and 
paddle  for  the  smoothing  of  the  coil 
marks.  The  paddle  resembles  the  modern 
butter  shaping  paddles;  the  anvil  resem- 
bles an  upturned  mushroom,  the  stem 
being  the  handle.  They  are  of  wood, 
stone,  or  pottery.  The  anvil  is  pressed 
against  the  inside  wall  of  the  pottery 
vessel  while  the  corresponding  outside 
surface  is  being  smoothed  with  the 
paddle.  Pottery  so  treated  are  easily 
identified  because  the  surface  of  the  in- 
side wall  is  pitted  with  anvil  impressions. 
The  anvil  and  paddle  are  probably  Asi- 
atic in  origin,  being  known  in  Asia  and 
northern  America,  but  unknown  in  Ne- 
gro Africa  and  the  Middle  and  South 
Americas. 

It  is  well  to  mention  here  that  from 
earliest  times  the  clay  used  for  pottery 
were  tempered  with  ground  rocks,  fine 
sand,  or  crushed  shards  and  sea  shells. 
This  tempering  of  the  clay  increases  its 
tensile  strength  but  produces  a  hetero- 
geneously  coarse  texture.  To  improve  the 
smoothness  of  the  surface,  wares  are  oft- 
en covered  with  a  slip  or  thin  coating 
of  clay  which  has  been  finely  washed 
(levigated)  to  be  freed  of  all  for- 
eign matter  and   grit. 

Designs  on  Pottery 

Carving  and  stamping  of  designs  on 
pottery  occurred  at  an  early  date,  as  did 
the  moulding  of  ornamentation.  Shards 
of  the  Yin  Dynasty  (1401-1122  B.  C) 
found  near  similarly  carved  bone  imple- 
ments in  a  station  in  Honan  suggest  the 
transfer  of  carving  from  bone  to  pottery. 
Chou  Dynasty  corrugated  pottery  are 
frequently  stamped  near  the  top  with  a 
square  or  rectangular  seal.  Moulds,  used 
for  bronze  casting  during  the  Shang 
Dynasty,  may  have  suggested  itself  to 
the  moulding  of  pottery.  Flowery  mould- 
ed ornaments  were  used  extensively  on 
Han  objects  and  tomb  wares.  Similar 
moulds  were  also  used  by  Peruvians  in 
pre-Columbia  time.  Sculptured  figurines 
and  statues  were  made  extensively  during 
(Continued   on   Page   12) 


Chinese    Discoveries 
and    Inventions 

(III)  The  Chinese  Were  the  First  to 
Utilize  Natural  Gas. 

Natural  gas  was  in  use  in  China  dur- 
ing the  Sung  Dynasty,  in  the  year  900 
A.  D.  or  about  a  thousand  years  before 
it  was  in  use  in  America.  Other  ancient 
people  about  that  time  had  lit  natural 
gas  wells,  but  solely  for  religious  pur- 
poses. It  remained  for  the  practical  Sung 
men  to  use  it  for  cooking.  To  obtain 
the  gas,  a  large  inverted  funnel  was 
placed  over  the  gas  well,  and  the  cap- 
tured gas  was  conveyed  long  distances  by 
means  of  hollowed-out  bamboo  tubes, 
joined  together  with  lead  couplings  and 
pewter  elbows.  The  burning  tips  are  of 
iron,  and  is  placed  immediately  under  a 
wok,  which  is  a  sort  of  a  combination 
frying  pan  and  cauldron,  suitable  also 
for  steaming  and  baking. 

In  this  connection,  it  is  interesting  to 
note  that  the  Chinese  were  among  the 
first  to  utilize  coal.  Marco  Polo  men- 
tioned it  as  "the  burning  black  rocks". 
Metallurgists  agree  that  the  Chinese,  like 
many  other  ancient  people,  had  silver, 
gold,  lead,  copper,  mercury,  tin,  and  pak- 
tung  about  5000  years  ago,  or  earlier. 
Of  bronze  and  iron  they  are  less  certain 
as  to  dates. 

Bronze  was  moulded  into  elaborate 
utensils  and  vessels  during  the  Hsia  and 
Shang  Dynasty,  2205-1766  B.  C,  but 
these  wares  already  displayed  the  cir* 
perdue  process,  a  technique  which  could 
not  possibly  have  evolved  without  the 
lapse  of  thousands  of  years  of  experi- 
ence with  bronze.  Hence,  unless  China 
inherited  the  entire  complex  from  the 
outside,  it  is  quite  possible  that  that  me- 
tal was  in  use  more  than  5000  years  ago 

Anthropologists  believe  that  iron  was 
unknown  to  China  until  twenty-five 
hundred  years  ago — a  very  late  date. 
However,  the  Shu  King  (Book  of  His- 
tory), as  edited  by  Confucius  (born 
551  B.  C. )  mentioned  iron  weapons  as 
being  in  use  in  the  vc.ir  2200  B.  C.  The 
word  iron  (tit)  could  not  have  connoted 
(Continued   on    Page    14) 


SEASONS  GREETINGS 
HOWARD  MACEE 

COUNSELLORATLAW 

Anglo  Bank   Rldg.        8*0    Mirkw  St. 
EXbrook    0208  S»n     Fr.inci.ro 


December   20,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  7 


HUNDRED     NAMES 


Inside  Facts  About 
Fong  Fong 

Chinatown  at  last  has  a  real  up-to-date 
soda    fountain. 

This  combination  of  a  modern  bakery 
and  soda  fountain  is  the  result  of  years 
of  careful  planning.  Five  years  ago, 
Philip  Fong,  general  manager  of  the 
company,  and  his  assistant,  Johnny  Kan, 
livened  up  a  street  corner  that  had  been 
'dead'  for  years  by  talcing  a  dilapidated 
old  store  and  converting  it  into  an 
attractive  bakery.  This  store  was  named 
Acme  Bakery,  and  is  still  serving  as  a 
neighborhood  store. 

Before  going  further,  it  may  be  inter- 
esting to  know  what  sort  of  background 
these  enterprising   Chinese  had. 

Philip  and  his  cousin,  Charlie  Fong, 
had  both  been  expert  bakers  and  were 
associated  with  Foster's  Cafeterias  for 
over  five  years.  Johnny  had  been 
merchandising  groceries  and  was  also  in 
the  wholesale  produce  and  creamery 
business  for  eight  years. 

The  knowledge  these  men  have  of  sci- 
entific baking  and  modern  business 
methods  made  their  first  store  a  success, 
after  which  the  partners  put  their  heads 
together,  investigated,  inquired,  shop- 
ped, planned,  and  as  a  result  four  years 
later,  we  see  the  opening  of  one  of  the 
finest   little  shops   in  San   Francisco. 

Fong  Fong  boasts  of  having  the  finest 
and  most  expensive  equipment  ever  in- 
stalled in  a   food  store   in   Chinatown. 

An  elaborate  ice  cream  manufactur- 
ing plant  in  the  front  part  of  the  store 
puts  out  fifty  gallons  of  ice  cream  per 
hour,  while  an  automatic  doughnut  ma- 
chine turns  out  twenty  dozen  doughnuts 
hourly. 

The  bakeshop  is  equipped  with  long 
benches  where  several  expert  bakers  make 
nothing  but  fine  Chinese  cakes  and 
cookies.  The  crew  also  turn  out  Ameri- 
can cakes,   rolls,   and  pastries. 

A  huge  ventilation  system  takes  care 
of  the  air  conditioning.  Then  there  is 
the  new  oven  which  bakes  wth  indirect 
heat.  A  beautiful  Chinese  moon  gate  sep- 
arates the  comfortable  booths  from  the 
counter.  An  efficient  personnel  of  16 
man   the  store  and  bakeshop. 


Misses  Lan  and  Hu,  after  a  brief  visit 
at  Ming  Quong  Home  in  Oakland,  will 
leave  for  Los  Angeles,  where  they  will 
hold    evangelistic   services   for   ten   weeks. 


Herbs   Taxed  as  Food 

Herb  merchants  in  Chinatown  were 
thrown  into  a  wrathful  furore  recently 
when  the  customs  authorities  suddenly 
raised  the  tariff  fifteen  per  cent  higher 
on  six  of  their  most  saleable  commodities 
on  the  ground  that  they  were  not  herbs, 
but  edibles. 

These  commodities  are  six  species  of 
herbs  which  are  most  popular  with  the 
average  Chinese.  In  general,  it  is  used 
as  an  antidote  for  excessive  heat  in  the 
stomach  resulting  from  eating  too  much 
fried  food  and  food  prepared  with  too 
much  oil.  These  herbs  are  known  as  the 
"six   tastes". 

As  soon  as  news  of  this  tariff  raise 
flashed  through  Chinatown,  the  herb 
merchants  immediately  hired  American 
lawyers,  Chinese  interpreters,  invited  re- 
presentatives from  the  Chinese  Six  Com- 
panies, and  proceeded  to  the  custom 
house  to  argue  the  fact  that  the  "six 
tastes"  are  medicine  and  not  edibles. 

The  customs  officials  announced  that 
they  will  study  the  matter  and  render 
their  decision  shortly. 


Photo  Eye  Introduced 

An  example  of  the  progress  achieved 
by  the  younger  generation  of  China- 
town may  be  found  in  the  photo  eye 
apparatus  installed  by  Thomas  Tong  in 
his  store.  The  photo  eye,  one  of  the  latest 
scientific  gadgets,  is  based  on  the 
light-sensitiveness  of  selenium.  A  light 
beam  is  focused  on  the  extremely  sensi- 
tive selenium  cell,  commonly  known  as 
a  photo  eye  cell.  When  this  light  beam 
is  broken  by  a  body  passing  between  the 
source  of  the  light  and  the  photo  eye  cell, 
an  electrical  contact  is  made  which  may 
flash  a  light,  ring  a  bell,  or  perform 
any  of  the  multiple  tasks  that  electricity 
can  perform.  The  apparatus  now  in  use 
is  designed  by  Thomas  Tong  for  the  pur- 
pose of  detecting  prospective  customers 
in  his  store.  Two  sets  of  identical  design 
have  been  built  and  sold  to  American 
customers,  but  as  yet,  the  Golden  Star 
Radio  Company  is  the  only  store  in 
Chinatown    known   to    be    thus    equipped. 


High  school  clubs  must  be  getting 
prosperous  or  something.  Imagine  hav- 
ing a  NINE  piece  orchestra  to  play  for 
them.  No  wonder  there  was  a  crowd 
there. 


BRIEF  BIOGRAPHY   SKETCH 

Short,  interesting  biographical 
sketches  or  antecdotes  about  Chi- 
nese currendy  in  the  eyes  of  the 
world  will  be  found  regularly 
under  the  above  heading  in  the 
Chinese  Digest 


LIN  SEN 

Lin  Sen  was  born  at  Foochow,  Fukien 
in  1864.  The  major  portion  of  his  edu- 
cation was  received  in  China  and  Amer- 
ica, where  he  resided  for  many  years 
in  the  State  of  California.  Shortly  after 
the  Revolution  of  1911,  he  returned  to 
China  and  was  elected  senator  of  the 
first  Parliament,  1912-23.  He  joined  the 
Kuomintang  while  he  was  in  America 
and  was  elected  member  of  the  Central 
Executive  Committee  of  Kuomintang  in 
1924.  After  the  1926  Revolution,  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Chekiang 
Division  of  the  Central  Political  Council 
in  1927,  from  which  position  he  re- 
signed shortly  after  to  become  a  member 
of  the  Overseas  Commission  in  Nanking. 
He  was  appointed  member  of  the  State 
Council  of  the  National  Government 
and  Vice-President  of  the  Legislative 
Yuan  in  1928. 

Upon  the  resignation  of  Hu  Han-min 
from  the  presidency  of  the  Legislative 
Yuan  in  March,  1931,  he  became  Presi- 
dent. Besides  holding  this  position,  he 
was  also  concurrently  State  Councillor 
and  member  of  the  Central  Supervisory 
Committee  of  Kuomintang. 

•  • 

PHOTO  STUDIO  OPENED 

Eddie  Jung,  former  active  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
Boys  Work  Director  and  popular  leader 
in  Boys  Night  Activities,  has  opened  a 
photographic  studio  at  944  Pacific  Ave. 
He  specializes  in  art  and  commercial 
photography,  having  spent  more  than 
eight  years  studying  under  various  ex- 
perts. "Visitors  are  always  welcome  to 
visit    my    studio,''    says   Jung. 

^▼▼'▼▼▼▼▼'^▼▼▼^ 

MAKE  THIS  AN 

"ELECTRICAL   CHRISTMAS" 

The 

GOLDEN  STAR  RADIO 
COMPANY 

"See  Our  Windows 
for  Gift  Suggestions" 

TIME  PAYMENTS 

846  Clay  St.  CHina  2322 

San  Francisco,  California 


y»ge  8 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  20,    1935 


EDITORIAL 


A  bit  of  China? 

No,  but  a  bit  of  San  Francisco's  Chinatown  that  has 
still  retained  its  Chinese  atmosphere. 

A  matter  to  be  deplored  is  the  way  our  community 
has  "gone  modern". 

Like  the  fable  of  the  golden  goose,  we  are  trying  to 
kill  ours,  in  an  artistic  manner.  For  the  sake  of  turning 
"modern",  we  are  trying  to  throw  away  the  main  source 
of  revenue  for  Chinatown's  19,000  inhabitants. 

One  of  the  main  reasons  why  visitors  come  to  San 
Francisco  is  to  visit  Chinatown — see  the  temples,  chop 
suey  establishments,  bazaars,  Chinese  theater,  and  the 
little  fruit  and  candy  stores,  to  bring  little  souvenirs 
home  in  memory  of  a  "thrilling"  Chinatown  trip. 

But  the  average  visitor  no  sooner  comes  here  now  but 
wonders,  "did  I  come  all  the  way  from  home  just  to 
see  another  Western  community  district?  And  one  can 
hardly  blame  them  if  their  interest  in  things  Chinese 
ceases  to  be,  thereafter. 

Where  will  our  bazaars  be  within  a  few  years,  if  no 
visitors  come  to  Chinatown? 

Where  will  our  fancy  chop  suey  neon  signs  end  up? 

Where  will  our  temples  be?  AND,  FINALLY, 


A  LEAGUE   OF   MINOR    NATIONS 

A  League  of  Nations  of  some  sort  is  a  greatly  to 
be  desired  bit  of  mechanism  for  world  peace,  and  if  the 
nations  are  ever  to  get  out  of  the  present  head  hunter's 
level,  it  will  be  because  we  have  come  to  recognize  a 
code  based  on  universal  justice,  and  have  evolved  a  set 
of  machinery  to  make  possible  its  enforcement. 

But  the  League  of  the  Big  Powers  have  again  failed 
the  world.  This  time  it  is  not  China,  but  courageous 
Ethiopia.  It  is  clear  to  even  the  most  ardent  supporter 
of  the  League  that  the  "righteous  indignation"  of  the 
League  Assembly  is  depending  entirely  on  how  the 
Big  Powers  are  effected. 

When  Japan  invaded  Manchuria  in  1931,  the 
Powers  were  "grieved,"  but  outside  of  that  and  a  few 
other  empty  gestures,  nothing  was  done  to  stop  Japan 
from  making  further  inroads  into  China.  However, 
when  Italy  decided  to  invade  Ethiopia  the  powers  were 
really  "horrified,"  because  their  position  in  the  Medi- 
terranean was  threatened.  A  strong  Italy  means  a 
correspondingly  weakened  Britain  in  Egypt  and  a  single- 
handed  France.  Hence  all  the  furies  toward  sanctions 
and  embargo  and  the  enlistment  of  the  moral  support 
of  the  world. 

Now,  with  II  Duce's  dream  destined  to  failure,  it 
also  appeared  certain  that  the  "Big  Jaw"  will  turn  on 
all  of  Europe  to  save  his  political  neck.  SO  THE 
POWERS  HAVE  DECIDED  TO  GIVE  ITALY  A 
LARGE  SLICE  OF  ETHIOPIA! 

It  should  be  obvious  to  the  weaker  nations  that 
they  are  in  the  same  position  as  the  cage  of  chickens  at 
the  meat  market — gradual  delivery  to  the  banquet  table 
via  the  kitchen  door.  What  is  needed  now  is  a  League 
of  Minor  Nations — a  chain  of  fighting  cooperatives 
which  will  by  persistent  boycotting,  embargoes,  sanc- 
tion, and  even  sheer  disturbances  force  the  "big 
fellers"  into  line.  C.  W.  L. 

•  • 

GOVERNMENT    BY    ASSASSINATION 

There  have  been  several  assassinations  of  pro-Japan- 
ese officials  in  China  lately.  In  any  other  nation  this 
is  admittedly  a  bad  sign.  Especially  is  this  true  of  a  re- 
public where  the  people  can  remove  officials  through 
the  polls. 

There  is  nevertheless  a  healthy  aspect  in  this  case  for 
China.  It  shows  that  the  patience  of  the  people  has 
been  tested  beyond  endurance.  It  shows  that  the  people 
are  no  longer  content  to  let  things  drift,  but  want 
positive  action.  As  Lin  Yutang  stated,  what  China 
needs  most  now  is  "Government  by  Execution". 

A  vigilance  committee  to  weed  out  indifferent  and 
corrupt  officials  would  be  a  blessing.  "A  sick  man 
needeth  strong  medicine". 

Where  can  the  younger  generation  turn  to,  to  find 
any  employment  outside  of  Chinatown? 

These  are  vital  questions  that  leave  but  two  alterna- 
tives: pack  up  and  take  the  next  steamer  back  to  China, 
and  admit  we  are  licked,  or,  REVAMP  CHINA- 
TOWN.  Make  it  worthwhile  for  visitors  to  come  a  long 
vavs  to  see  it.  Make  them  WANT  to  come;  and  when 
they  come,  let  us  have  something  to  SHOW  them! 


December   20,   1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENT 


Page  9 


WILLIAM  HOY 


Hui  Sien,  Discoverer  of 
North  America 

Very  few  persons  would  expect  to 
find,  in  the  pages  of  a  book  which  deals 
with  the  building  of  a  great  North 
American  railway — the  Canadian  Pacific 
— a  well  documented  record  of  what  pur- 
ports to  be  the  first  discoverer  of  Amer- 
ica, who  set  foot  upon  its  soil  almost  a 
thousand  years  before  Columbus  and  five 
hundred  years  before  Ericsson. 

Yet  in  "Steel  of  Empire,"  written  by 
a  historian  and  scholar,  as  well  as  a  rail- 
road expert,  John  Murray  Gibbon  (Bobbs- 
Merril  $3.50)  and  which  is  the  story  of 
Canada's  transcontinental  railway,  be- 
ginning from  the  last  half  of  the  18th 
century  to  the  completion  of  that  great 
transportation  system,  this  is  exactly 
what  was  found  in  its  first  chapter. 
Hui  Sien 
After  several  years  of  research  into 
all  known  English  works  on  the  subject 
of  the  discovery  of  North  America,  this 
Canadian  authority  declared  in  his  book 
that  "America  was  first  discovered  from 
abroad  by  a  Chinese  Buddhist  priest 
named  Hui  Sien,  who  crossed  the  Pacific 
and  landed  somewhere  around  what  is 
now  Vancouver,  in  499  A.D." 

According  to  Chinese  history  the  year 
499  A.D.  belongs  to  the  time  of  the  Chi 
(also  Tsi)  Dynasty,  one  of  the  nine 
short  lived  dynasties  of  the  Epoch  of 
South  and  North.  It  was  barely  100 
years  after  the  famous  Chinese  Buddhist 
monk,  Fa  Hsien's  pilgrimage  to  India, 
and  a  few  years  previous  to  the  opening 
of  trade  relations  between  China  and 
India    and   Ceylon. 

Land  of  Fusang 
To  prove  that  a  Chinese  was  really  the 
first    discoverer    of    North    America,    the 
author  of  "Steel  of  Empire"  presents  the 
following  documentary   data: 

In  a  chapter  of  the  history  of  the 
Liang  Dynasty  (502-556  A.D.)  this  ac- 
count is  mentioned  of  Hui  Sien's  travel 
to  a  land  called  Fusang,  which  geogra- 
phers and  Oriental  scholars  a  thousand 
years  later  claimed  to  be  the  Chinese 
name  for  America  as  given  by  Hui 
Sien:  "During  the  reign  of  the  Tsi 
Dynasty,  in  the  first  year  of  the  year- 
naming  'Everlasting  Origin'  (A.  D.  499) 
came  a  Buddhist  priest  from  this  king- 
dom, who  bore  the  cloister  name  of  Hoei- 
schin  (or  Hui  Sien,  meaning  Universal 
Compassion),  to  the  present  district  of 
Hukuong;  who  narrated  that  Fusang  is 
about    20,000    Chinese    miles   in   an   east- 


erly direction  from  Tahan  (Alaska)  and 
east  of  the  middle  kingdom."  There 
follows  the  record  of  Hui  Sien's  experi- 
ences in  this  land,  its  inhabitants,  re- 
sources, customs.  His  accounts  of  the 
customs  and  people  of  Fusang  seem  to 
resemble  the  Mayan  or  Inca  civilizations 
in  what  is  now  Mexico  and  Central 
America. 

Thomas  Jefferys — geographer  to  His 
Majesty,  George  III — published  a  map 
in  1761  to  illustrate  his  translation  of 
G.  Muller's  book  on  Russian  exploration 
in  the  North  Pacific,  in  which  the  en- 
trance of  Vancouver  Island  and  British 
Columbia,  discovered  in  1592  by  Juan 
de  Fuca,  is  marked  as  the  "land  which 
is  supposed  to  be  the  Fusang  of  the 
Chinese   geographers." 

In  "Fusang,  or  the  Discovery  of  Am. 
erica  by  Chinese  Buddhist  Priests  in  the 
5th  Century,"  published  by  Charles  God- 
frey Leland  in  1875,  which  was  a  resume 
of  the  opinions  of  European  scholars  on 
the  subject  of  Hui  Sien,  there  was  an 
English  translation  of  Hui  Sien's  report 
to  the  Emperor  of  his  travels.  The  Euro- 
pean scholars  cited  in  this  book  identified 
Fusang  with  Mexico  and  the  inhabitants 
as  Aztecs,  but  could  not  succeed  in  prov- 
ing  Hui   Sien's  account   as  other  than  a 


SEASON'S    GREETINGS 

from 

HONG    KONG 
TAVERN 


At   1125    Franklin    St.,    Oakland 

"We   Serve  the   Best  Straight  Liquors 
and    Mixed    Drinks    in   Town" 


-AT  THE  TAVERN- 


Tom   Donlin  Jack  Burns 

"Open  Day  and   Night" 

Featuring 

Chinese  and   American   Dishes 


Restaurant 

1701-1703 
Seventh  St. 


Restaurant 

1121-1123 
Franklin  Street 


Tavern 
1125  Franklin  St. 


myth.  To  prove  the  fact  that  Hui  Sien's 
voyage  could  have  been  made  without 
any  great  danger,  Leland  cited  a  report 
of  a  former  member  of  the  U.  S.  North 
Pacific  Surveying  Expedition,  who  indi- 
cated that  by  following  the  route  by  way 
of  Japan  and  the  Aleutian  Islands  "that 
the  voyage  from  China  to  America  can 
be  made  without  being  out  of  sight  of 
land  for  more  than  a  few  hours  at  any 
one  time." 

Tom  Maclnnes'  Claim 
Finally,  Canadian  Author  Gibbon 
cited  another  Canadian  author,  Tom 
Maclnnes,  who,  in  his  book  "Chinook 
Days,"  claimed  "that  Chinese  had  visited 
Nootka  on  the  west  coast  of  Vancouver 
Island  a  thousand  years  before  Columbus 
discovered  America".  His  authority  for 
this  was  Samuel  Couling,  a  celebrated 
Oriental  scholar.  Hui  Sien,  a  Buddhist 
missionary,  appears  to  have  sailed  across 
the  Pacific  in  his  junk,  the  Tia  Shan, 
about  the  end  of  the  5th  century,  and 
wintered  at  Nootka,  leaving  three  monks 
there  to  propagate  the  gospel  of  Buddha. 
Time  seems  to  have  obliterated  this  gos- 
pel, but  Chinese  cash  of  the  Tsi  dynasty 
were  found  by  the  crew  of  John  Meares' 
brig,  the  Nootka,  in  1786,  and  may  have 
been   relics   of   that  ancient  visitation. 

Author  Maclnnes  wrote:  "I  knew  the 
sinalogue  Samuel  Couling  very  well,  in- 
deed, and  I  know  he  was  convinced  of 
the  truth  of  the  records  by  Hui  Sien,  and 
he  held  it  highly  probable  that  he  would 
have  touched  on  the  West  Coast  of  Van- 
couver Island  ....  In  Chapter  54  of 
the  History  of  the  Liang  Dynasty,  refer- 
ence  is  made  to  islands  outlying  from 
the  land  of  Fusang,  as  one  sails  to  it. 
Now,  the  coast  of  California  and  Wash- 
ington and  Oregon,  and  most  of  Mexico, 
also,  on  the  Pacific  side,  is  almost  naked 
of  islands,  while  the  coastal  waters  of 
the  superior  land  of  British  Columbia 
are  full  of  them,  leading  eventually  via 
Alaska  all   the  way  across   to  Asia." 

The  author  of  "Steel  of  Empire"  has 
performed  an  interesting  job  of  histori- 
cal research  in  an  effort  to  give  sufficient 
data  to  prove  that  a  Chinese  Buddhist 
monk  was  really  the  very  first  discoverer 
of  America.  That  Hui  Sien  visited  a 
land  called  Fusang  seems  to  be  more  or 
less  an  established  historical  fact.  But 
was  Fusang  the  land  which  later  came  to 
be  christened  America?  On  this  one 
point  rests  the  Chinese  monk's  claim  as 
America's  discoverer.  And  on  this  point 
sinologists  and  Chinese  scholars  could 
well  cooperate   to  bring  about  a  solution. 


Page  10 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  20,    1935 


COM  MUNITY    WELFARE 


ETHEL  LUM 


A  Resume  of  Social  Service 

By  Jane  Kwong  Lee 

We  immigrant  Chinese  have  estab- 
lished the  reputation  of  being  humble, 
industrious,  and  peace  loving.  We  mind 
our  own  business  and  dislike  being 
drawn  into  trouble  with  any  Westerner. 
If  others  try  aggressively  to  drive  us  out 
of  our  jobs,  we  quietly  leave  and  try  to 
dig  out  something  elsewhere.  This  is 
both  our  virtue  and  our  weakness.  In 
this  physical  world,  where  aggressive- 
ness and  self-defense  are  badly  needed, 
we  lose  our  battle  for  livelihood. 
Mere  Existence 

In  this  depression,  it  is  a  sad  destiny 
for  the  2000  Chinese  dependent  upon 
the  public  relief  agencies.  We  are  thank- 
ful to  the  government  for  giving  them 
the  necessities  of  life. 

However,  would  the  public  like  to 
know  how  we  feel?  Let  me  draw  an  illu- 
stration: There  is  a  family  with  a  father, 
mother,  and  five  small  children.  The 
father  was  unemployed  for  several  years 
before  he  obtained  work  relief.  The 
family  is  expressively  grateful,  for  they 
are  no  longer  afraid  of  starvation.  Out- 
wardly, the  mother  appears  happy.  Yet, 
when  I  talk  with  her  further,  I  can  sense 
the  struggle  within  her.  She  cannot  bear 
the  thought  of  being  on  the  relief  roll. 
Her  people  in  China  think  she  is  enjoy- 
ing life  here  in  the  "Golden  Mountain". 
She  dares  not  inform  them  about  the 
family's  sufferings  and  hardships.  If  she 
does,  she  would  "lose  face".  Although 
the  relief  money  is  enough  to  feed  and 
clothe  the  family,  it  is  not  sufficient  to 
allow  for  better  living  quarters  than  the 
two  rooms  they  now  occupy,  without  a 
private  kitchen  or  a  private  bath.  She 
can  afford  no  heat  in  the  rooms  even 
when  the  children  are  ill  in  bed.  This 
family  is  on  the  bare  existence  line.  As 
in  many  other  cases,  at  first  she  felt  hu- 
miliated about  her  surroundings.  Later 
on,  she  got  used  to  it.  Now  she  regards 
relief  as  a  matter-of-fact. 

Dangers   of  Present  Conditions 

This  presents  a  dangerous  condition. 
We  must  help  our  own  people.  The  gov- 
ernment can  provide  us  with  the  bare 
necessities  of  life,  but  cannot  give  us  the 
real  thing  which  enables  us  to  grow 
spiritually  healthy  and  happy.  What  is 
this  intangible  "something"?  We  cannot 
see  it  with  the  crude  material  eye.  It  is 
the  real  core  of  life,  without  which,  life 
is  next  to  nothing.  Furthermore,  without 
it,  we  will   create  self-destruction. 


The  third  generation  will  not  grow  up 
satisfied  with  present  conditions.  With- 
out real  and  true  appreciation  of  life 
and  its  appurtenances,  these  young 
people  will  follow  either  of  these  roads: 
first,  they  will  become  pessimistic,  care- 
less, and  hateful  of  life — the  road  of 
race-suicide;  second,  they  will  become 
resentful,  radical,  rebellious,  and  will  re- 
sort to  unlawful  actions — the  road  to 
crime. 

Are  we  going  to  let  the  young  people 
in  relief  families  follow  either  of  these 
two  roads?  Or  are  we  going  to  help  them 
avoid  these  dangers?  If  we  think  that 
these  people  should  be  trained  to  love 
and  to  struggle  for  a  richer  life,  we 
should  try  to  care  for  them  in  addition 
to  giving  them  food,  clothing,  and 
shelter. 

Social   Agencies  at  Work 

Where  can  we  find  a  suitable  place 
to  train  them?  I  dare  say  it  is  the  Chinese 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  and  other  social  agencies. 
The  churches  can  help  those  religiously 
inclined.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  can  work  with 
boys  and  men.  The  relief  visitors  can 
comfort  individuals  with  kind  words. 
The  Y.  W.  C.  A.  can  help  all  groups.  To 
be  more  exact,  I  would  like  to  outline 
the  program  of  work  in  the  Y.  W.  C.  A: 

I.  Individual  service:  We  are  always 
ready  to  help  those  who  come  to  ask  us 
for  personal  help.  Our  employment  de- 
partment is  every  day  receiving  calls,  and 
we  are  constantly  recommending  persons 
to  fill  these  positions.  We  offer  our  help 
as  interpreters  for  those  who  visit  clinics 
and  who  are  unable  to  speak  English. 

II.  Group  work:  There  are  clubs  and 
classes  in  which  members  receive  instruc- 
tion and  recreation.  The  Girl  Reserve 
Clubs  are  for  the  high  school  students; 
the  bridge,  sewing,  cooking,  Chinese,  and 
English  classes  for  young  people;  the 
"965  Club"  for  girls  and  young  women 
in  industry  and  business.  The  children's 
group  enjoy  a  good  time  in  play,  handi- 
craft, songs,  and  storytelling.  In  the  near 
future  we  hope  to  work  with  other 
groups  in  satisfying  their  recreational 
needs — whether  it  be  the  "need"  of  the 
high  school  girl  to  learn  tap  dancing, 
«»r  that  of  the  college  graduate  who  is 
interested  in  the  world's  more  difficult 
problems. 

All   these    groups   plan   their   own    pro- 
grams  within   the   bounds    of    the   Y.    W. 
C.   A.    purpose.  They  identify   themselves 
with     the    Association     by     their    willing 
(Continued    on    Page    14) 


Christmas    at    the    Churches 

During  this  holiday  season,  the  chur- 
ches of  the  community  are  busily  pre- 
paring for  their  Christmas  celebrations. 
The  following  interesting  programs,  to 
which  members  and  friends  are  cordially 
invited,   have   been  announced: 

CHINESE  BAPTIST  CHURCH, 

15  Waverly  Place,  Dec.   22,  7:00p.  m. 

Special  program  for  young  people, 
sponsored  by  Sigma  Lamda  Society,  in- 
cluding a  Christmas  pageant:  "The 
Birth  of  a  King". 


CHINESE  CONGREGATIONAL 
CHURCH, 

21  Brenham  Place,  Dec.  22,  7:30  p.  m. 

Carols,  recitations,  and  several  short 
plays  by  the  children  and  young  people 
of  the  Sunday  School. 

CHINESE   CUMBERLAND   CHURCH, 

855  Jackson  St.  Dec.   24,  7:30  p.  m. 

Songs,  recitations,  by  all  groups  of 
the  Sunday  School,  followed  by  a  pag- 
eant:  "Lord  of  All". 


CHINESE  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

966  Clay  St.  Dec.  26,  8:00  p.  m. 

Christmas  songs  and  dramatization* 
in  Chinese  and  English,  under  the  direc- 
tion of   Miss  Elizabeth  Wu. 


CHINESE  INDEPENDENT 
BAPTIST  CHURCH. 

981   Washington  St.  Dec.  16, 
7:30  p.  m. 

Charles  Dickens  "Christmas  Carol" 
in  Chinese,  by  members  of  the  Sunday 
School  and  the  Evening  English  School 
Also  songs  and   recitations. 

CHINESE   METHODIST  CHURCH. 

720  Washington  St    Dec    11, 
7:00  p.  m. 

Musical  numbers  and  short  recitations 
by  different  departments  of  Sunday 
School.  2-act  play:  "Ourselves  and 
Others",  given  by  girls  of  the  Intermed- 
iate  Department. 

CHINESE  PRESBYTERIAN 
CHURCH, 

925   Stockton  St.  Dec.  20.  7:30   p    m 

"Christmas    Around    the    World" —    a 

carol    service.   Musical  cantata    and   other 

musical      numbers     by      young      people'' 

choir. 


December   20,    1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page   11 


FASHIONS 


CLARA  CHAN 


A    Christmas 
Thought    For    You 

We  have  arrived  at  the  season  when, 
although  our  generosity  oversteps  our 
usual  bounds  of  economy,  yet  an  almost 
selfish,  or  shall  I  say  self-centered  feeling 
compels  us  to  give  ourselves  "a  break" 
for  once.  In  other  words,  you  cannot 
really  deny  yourself  a  treat  in  buying 
one  of  those  new  dresses  that  will  give 
you  that  sparkle  in  your  eye,  nor  can 
you  resist  the  ravishing  hues  and  new 
lines   of  the  mid-season   garbs. 

With  Christmas  in  your  mind,  and  the 
thought  that  you  have  absolutely  decided 
on  "splurging"  on  yourself,  let  me  sug- 
gest that  the  dresses  of  the  genre  that  is 
often  described  as  the  "don't  dress" 
frocks,  also  called  the  dinner  frock, 
should  be  an  attractive  if  not  important 
addition  to  your  wardrobe.  I  have  spe- 
cial reference  to  the  increasingly  popular 
double-duty  costume,  which  dress  design- 
ers have  so  ingeniously  produced.  To  the 
girl  with  a  limited  allowance  for  clothes, 
this  current  feature  of  fashionable  ap- 
parel should  have  a  special  interest  as 
they  are  an  economical  asset. 
Double  Duty  Costume — 

This  double-duty  jacket  costume,  is  of 
instep  length,  and  if  worn  with  the  jack- 
et, will  be  most  suitable  for  formal  lun- 
cheons, bridge  or  ma  jong  parties;  and, 
of  course,  for  receiving  guests  who  have 
come  to  say  "Merry  Christmas."  The 
jacket  is  often  found  with  dolman 
sleeves,  either. in  peplum  or  knee  length. 
It  may  have  huge  elaborated  frogs,  or 
better  still  it  may  be  heightened  with  a 
large  ornamental  rhinestone  bucket,  but- 
tons, or  metal  clips.  With  the  removal  of 
the  jacket,  the  dress  becomes  appropriate 
for  cocktails  and  informal  dining.  In 
some  dresses  of  this  type,  an  informal 
effect  is  achieved  by  a  low  back.  Gener- 
ally, graceful  sleeves,  and  intricate  neck- 
lines are  favored.  A  tucked  yoke  along 
the  shoulder  that  folds  over  in  front  into 
big  sleeves,  or  a  high  neckline  with  a 
single  large  clip,  are  interesting  features. 
Some  of  the  prettiest  and  most  holi- 
day in  spirit  dresses  come  in  one  color 
with  "eyecatching"  attractive  flashes 
of  another  color.  Jewels  are  then  worn 
which  unite  the  two  colors  as  closely  as 
possible.  Combination  of  colors,  well 
chosen,  creates  a  beautiful  effect  and 
makes  the  simple  cut  frocks  distinguished 
looking.  Although  dresses  of  the  mid- 
season  are  still  showing  the  front  full- 
ness, the  short  jacket  costume  have  slim 
skirts,    with     the    fullness    at    the    bodice. 


Weekly   Notes   By 
the    Fashion    Scout 

The  Military  Trend — 

With  the  continuous  march  of  the 
mode  militaire,  square  toe  and  low  heels 
are  taken  up  by  ultra  smart  women. 
These  little  snub-nosed  flats  not  only  add 
zest  to  our  military  suits  and  ensembles, 
but  are  extremely  comfortable.  They  are 
found  in  suede,  patent,  and  calf. 
Glamour  for  the  Legs — 

With  elegant  shoes  this  season,  and 
with  the  introduction  of  shorter  skirts, 
stockings  are  coming  in  sheerer  and  are 
much  more  decorative  this  year.  One  of 
the  local  shops  features  some  very  sheer 
ones  with  clocks  about  an  inch  in  width, 
in  lovely  new  tones  of  deep  tan. 
Let's  Bundle  Up — 

Though  mittens  and  scarfs  have  al- 
ways reminded  me  of  the  snow  regions, 
yet  these  bitingly  cold  days  in  our  own 
city  justifies  your  bundling  up  in  heavy 
scarfs,  and  warm  woolie  mitts.  Straight 
from  the  Highlands  are  scarfs  of  the 
softest  Shetland  wool,  and  in  the  plaids 
of  famous  clans.  From  the  Norse  lands 
are  hand-knit  affairs  in  gaudy  patterns 
and  colors. 
New  Colors  Acquire  Chic — 

For  street  wear,  and  complementing 
dark  costumes,  are  gloves  in  saffron-yel- 
low. They  are  especially  smart  with  black, 
or,  if  you  decide  to  get  gloves  to  match 
your  suit,  there  are  lovely  suede  gloves 
in  green,  russet,  gray,  and  navy. 
Fashionably  Feminine — 

Utterly  feminine  blouses  are  made  of 
silk  chiffon  and  silk  georgette.  Fine  tuck- 
ings  and  pleating  on  the  bodice  and 
sleeves,  shirred  at  the  neckline,  or  clever 
folding  and  draping  of  line,  accented 
with  a  brilliant  clip  are  the  interesting 
details  of  these  blouses.  White  is  the 
smartest   color. 


With  the  knee  length  jacket,  the  skirts 
may  be  graceful  and  front  fullness  is 
expressed  by  unpressed  pleats  and  drapes. 
Crepes,  Velvet  and  Satin — 

Fabrics  that  are  used  for  these  two-in- 
one  costumes  are  crepes,  velvet,  and  satin. 
The  new  crepe,  or  matelasse  fabric  pre- 
dominates. Of  course,  contrasting  fab- 
rics may  be  used  for  the  jacket  and  dress, 
and  here  is  where  metallic  cloths,  and 
velvets  come  in.  Another  impression 
may  be  achieved  by  colors;  a  new  slate 
blue  dress,  with  a  metallic  jacket;  or 
black,  which  is  always  a  favorite,  with  a 
rich    green    or   red  jacket. 


So  You  See — 

It's  Christmas  in  the  air ! 
Have  you  noticed  what  a  galaxy  of 
gifts  our  bazaars  have  displayed? 
Whether  you  have  decided  to  do 
your  Christmas  shopping  in  China- 
town or  not,  may  I  suggest  that  you 
do  your  packages  up  in  true   Chinese 

style? really,  they   would  be  so 

attractively  different. 

Let  us  start  with  the  colorful  fig 
ured  papers.  They  come  in  every  hue 
imaginable  ....  just  alive  with  but- 
terflies,   dragons,    flowers and 

so  inexpensive.  But,  if  you  want  to  be 
more  conservative,  why  not  try  gold 
flecked  red,  green,  or  orange?  For 
the  very  conservative,  there  are  the 
solids  in  any   color  you  may  want. 

Instead  of  the  usual  green  and  red 
cords,  let  us  use  Chinese  paper  rib- 
bon or  braids  ....  the  silver  and 
gold  tinsels  interwoven  into  them  are 
delightfully  gay  ....  and  right  on 
top,  let  us  tack  one  of  those  pretty 
tassels  ....  little  ones  for  small  pack 
ages  and  big  ones  for  large  packages 
I  have  a  weakness  for  seals,  how 
about  you?  ...  at  any  rate,  one  of 
our  local  bazaars  has  on  display  the 
most  complete  assortment  of  "stick 
ers"  you  ever  saw.  There  are  lovely 
butterflies  in  green — rose — blue — and 
orange  ....  there  are  cocks  with 
real  feathers.  .  .  .  and  you  can  get 
our  Chinese  longevity  character  sou 
in  all  sizes,  too. 

So  you  see —  all  you  need  do  is 
"just  go  round  the  corner"  and  you 
have  everything  needed  to  dress  up 
a  package  fit  for  a  queen! 

Ying   Weii 


For  further  information  regarding 
any  of  the  above  mentioned  sugges- 
tions, please  phone  the  Chinese 
Digest. 


"ilium* """" iniiiiiiimiiiimiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiiiMiuilBiiD 


SEASON'S  GREETINGS 

THE    JADE 

BEAUTY  SHOP 

Wishes   its  Friends  and  Patrons  a 

Merry  Christmas  and  a   Happy 

and  Prosperous  New  Year 


luiinuimn in 


iiiiiiiiNiiminiiiiiiiiii 


*Jge  12 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  20.    1935 


POO-POO 

By  Bob  Poon 


Imagine  starting  on  a  long  voyage  on 
Friday,  the  13th!  Well,  that's  what  Miss 
Ya  Ching  Lee  is  doing.  If  you  don't  re- 
member her,  she  is  the  intrepid  aviatrix 
who  suddenly  found  herself  unceremon- 
iously dumped  by  her  plane.  She  is  head- 
ing for  China  and  home,  which  she  left 
about  two  years  ago.  Her  friends  gave 
her  an  impromptu  bon  voyage  parry 
and  a  cake  on  which  was  written  "Bon 
Voyage  Ya   Ya". 

•  • 

Just  what  is  it  that  Richard  (?)  has 
that  the  rest  of  us  haven't?  He  made  the 
G.  F.  (N.B?)  wait  for  him,  and  when  he 
didn't  show  up,  she  went  out  looking 
for  him.  My,  what  a  man ! 

•  • 

Calling  all  men  .  .  .  calling  all  men  . 
Look  out  for  a  certain  "Y"  secretary's 
wife  whenever  you  spot  her  going  down- 
town with  her  offspring.  This  warning 
was  given  out  by  one  who  was  comman- 
deered into  carrying  said  child  all  the 
way  down  town.  To  make  matters  worse, 
she  suggested  that  he  wait  for  her  while 
she  went  shopping.  (Don't  mind  me, 
this  is  only   Poo   Poo  speaking.) 

•  • 

While  covering  a  story  at  the  water- 
front, I  saw  a  liner  leaving  S.  F.  A 
thought  came  to  me  as  I  saw  everyone 
blowing  kisses  to  his  and  her  'riends, 
that  it  would  be  fun  if — 
Blowing  kisses  were  like  throwing  for- 
ward passes  in  a  football  game,  namely, 
that  they  could  be  intercepted,  my, 
wouldn't  some  people  have  fun. 


STORY  OF  CERAMIC  ART 

(Continued  from  Page  6) 
the  Han  Dynasty,  but  the  handles  on  the 
earlier  neolithic  jars  are  probably  hand 
modelled  and  luted  in  place.  One  cala- 
bash-shaped jar  has  a  handle  on  the  neck 
for  carrying,  and  another  on  the  belly 
of  the  jar  for  lifting  in  pouring. 

Some  of  the  handles  on  these  Yang 
Shao  period  jars  are  so  small  they  were 
probably  used  for  fastening  with  rattan 
or  leather  thongs.  Han  models  of  ox 
and  cart  are  made  separately —  to  be 
rigged  together  with  leather  straps  and 
trappings.  We  have  here  early  indication 
of  the  incorporation  of  non-ceramic 
parts   to  pottery. 

The  Turnette 

The  next  step  is  the  invention  of  the 
slow  wheel  (turnette),  which  com- 
pletely replaces  the  coil  process  and 
hence,  the  paddle  and  anvil  as  well.  The 
turnette  is  a  flat,  circular  rock  having 
a  post  and  pivot  in  the  center,  typically 
a  foot  and  a  half  in  diameter.  A  single 
spin  will  often  set  the  wheel  in  motion 
for  about  three  minutes.  Such  a  simple 
wheel  was  used  in  Japan  up  to  the  pre- 
sent time.  It  was  also  used  in  India, 
though  more  often,  the  wheel  was  placed 
in  a  pit  in  the  ground.  In  either  case  the 
potter  squats  on  the  ground  as  he  works. 
Many  nations  claim  the  wheel  as  its  in- 
vention. It  was  probably  invented  about 
six  thousand  years  ago,  having  been  in 
use  in  Egypt  about  3500  B.  C.  It  was  in 
use  in  China  during  the  Yang  Shao  Per- 
iod, shortly  before  3,000  B.  C.  In  study- 
ing primitive  pottery  one  must  determine 
whether  the  ware  is  mat-wrapped,  hand- 
moulded,  coil  processed  or  wheeled.  The 
wheeled  ceramics  are  identified  chiefly 
by  its  more  perfect  shape  and  the  pre- 
sence of  concentric  rings  encircling  the 
body.  Grooved  rings  invariably  suggest 
potter's  wheel. 


Tostal  Telegraph 


. 


BE  DIFFERENT 

Send  a  Postal  Telegram  this  Christmas  and  New  Year. 
The  Postal  Telegraph  Company  offers  you  a  new  low  rate 
Holiday  Greetings  Service  to  anywhere  in  the  United  States 
delivered  on  Christmas  or  New  Years,  on  attractive  blanks 
and  envelopes  by  uniformed  messengers.  Your  choice  of 
many  prepared  messages  for  only  25c,  or  a  message  of  your 
own  composition,  of  15  words  or  less,  for  35c  ..  .  with  the  cus- 
tomary address  and  signature  free  .  .  .  Additional  words  in 
excess  of  the  15  words  for  only  a  few  cents  each  .  .  .  City  mes- 
sages for  only  20c.  For  further  information  see 
THOMAS  LEONG,  Manager 
Chinatown  Branch  Postal  Telegraph  Company 


It  may  be  said  here  that  up  to  the 
time  of  the  invention  of  the  slow  wheel, 
pottery  was  made  by  women,  and  is  pro- 
bably a  woman's  invention.  For  some 
obscure  reason  pottery  making  is  now 
in  the  hands  of  the  male,  and  it  was  the 
men  who  introduced  the  wheel.  The 
wheel  brought  about  an  economy  in 
shape —  for  now  chiefly  rotunda-shaped 
wares  are  produced  instead  of  the  many 
modelled  wares  of  former  times —  but 
insures  a  greater  degree  of  accuracy  and 
shortened  production  time.  It  is  perhaps 
the  first  attempt  at  mass  production,  and 
like  all  industrial  revolutions,  there  is 
an  insurption  of  the  opposite  sex! 
Potter's   Wheel 

The  true  potter's  wheel  follow- 
ed the  turnette.  It  is  merely  the  addition 
of  a  secondary  wheel  below  the  main 
wheel.  A  Han  Dynasty  wine  jar  inverted 
on  top  of  a  turnette  practically  produces 
a  potter's  wheel,  with  the  base  of  the 
wine  jar  serving  as  the  table.  The  im- 
proved wheel  brought  about  greater  sta- 
bility and  also  enabled  the  foot  to  oper- 
ate the  lower  wheel,  thus  freeing  the 
hands  completely.  The  potter  stands  as 
he  operates. 

Glazes  were  found  in  use  in  Egypt 
about  5,000  B.  C.  (the  pre-historic 
Badain  Period)  and  in  Mesopotamia 
about  the  same  time  (Anti-dtlluvtal 
Period).  It  did  not  appear  in  China  till 
a  very  late  period,  the  Han  Dynasty. 
A  thousand  years  after  its  appearance 
the  glaze  was  made  to  stand  on  its  own 
feet —  as  glass  (in  Egypt,  about  4,000 
B.  C.  ) .  Glass  was  introduced  into  China 
during  the  Han  Dynasty,  but  recent  ex- 
cavations brought  about  the  surprising 
discovery  that  a  very  superior  grade  of 
glass  was  already  in  use  in  China  more 
than  a  thousand  years  before  its  re-intro- 
duction. 

We  see  from  the  above  sketch  how  all 
the  important  steps  in  the  production 
of  ceramics  were  evolved  before  the 
Christian  Era.  (Errata:  In  last  week's 
article,  the  Chinese  name  for  shard  Ml 
spelled  "surd"  by  mistake;  it  should  be 
"sui"  (shard).  The  equivalent  of  pot- 
sherd is  "wa  sui ")  . 

(Next   week:    The    Firing  Process.) 

Copyrighted,  Chingwah  Le* 
•  • 

The  San  Francisco  Chinese  Bible 
Class,  under  the  leadership  of  Misses 
Alice  Lan  and  Betty  Hu,  will  hold  its 
tenth    and     final     meeting     on    Saturday.  * 

December  21,  7:30  p.  m.,  at  the  Presby- 
terian Mission  Home.  Children  and 
adults  from  the  different  churches  have 
attended  this  course  with  a  great  deal  of 
interest,  as  is  readily  seen  in  the  attend- 
ance    records. 


December   20,    1935 


CHINE S  E       D I C  EST 


Page   \i 


SPORTS 


Young  Chinese  Teams  to 
Start  Practice 

Oakland's  Young  Chinese  A.  C.  will 
hold  its  first  basketball  practice  of  the 
season  on  Dec.  23.  The  team  this  year 
lacks  weight  and  height  and  is  greatly 
weakened  by  the  loss  of  several  star  per- 
formers, it  is  reported.  Dave  Lem  and 
Louis  Hong,  former  Technical  Hi  stars, 
will  be  missing  from  the  squad,  as  Hong 
has  gone  to  China,  while  Lem  is  study- 
ing aviation  in  Glendale.  Herbert  Louie, 
another  mainstay  of  the  past  several 
years,  is  now  playing  for  the  Nulite 
Club  in  San  Francisco. 

Despite  such  dark  outlooks,  the 
Young  Chinese  teams  are  hopeful  for 
another  successful  year,  expecting  to 
capitalize  on  its  fast  breaking  offence.  A 
series  of  out-of-town  contests  will  start 
the  season  for  them.  A  double-header  is 
scheduled  for  Dec.  29  when  the  team 
meets  the  San  Jose  Chinese  Students' 
Club  and  the  Agun  A.  C.  of  Irvington. 
The  Senior  team  is  expecting  to  be  en- 
tered in  the  East  Bay  League,  while  the 
Junior  squad  will  probably  enter  the  All- 
Nations  League  in  January. 

Players  on  the  team  this  year  are:  Key 
Chinn,  Edwin  Chan,  George  Chan,  Ro- 
bert Chow,  Hector  Eng,  Shing  Lew  Ar- 
thur Lee   and  Arthur  Tom. 

•  • 

GEORGIE  LEE,  BOXER,  MANAGER 

We  received  news  from  the  north  that 
Georgie  Lee,  former  Chinese  prize- 
fighter, is  now  working  at  the  State 
Printing  Office    at  Sacramento. 

His  active  days  in  the  ring  over, 
George  is  still  very  much  interested  in 
boxing.  He  is  managing  several  fighters, 
one  of  whom  has  shown  promises  of 
making  good,  a  138  pound  slinger  by 
the  name  of  Roxie  Marvel. 

Georgie,  who  is  now  35  years  of  age, 
fought  for  more  than  ten  years  and  was 
widely  recognized  as  the  flyweight  and 
bantam-weight  Chinese  champion,  be- 
sides being  a  contender  for  the  world's 
titles  at  those  weights.  He  fought  several 
champions  during  his  career,  Pete  Her- 
man, Johnny  Buff,  Pancho  Villa,  Young 
Corbett,  Frankie  Klick,  and  other  top- 
notchers. 


•       Fred  George  Woo  — — __ 

Second   Round  of 
League   Games 

Nulite  A.  C.  battles  the  Troop  Three 
Scout  Juniors,  while  Shangtai  takes  on 
the  Chi-Fornians  this  Sunday  afternoon 
at  the  French  Court  in  the  Wah  Ying 
tournament's  second  week  of  play. 

The  main  event,  the  affair  of  the 
Nulite-Scout  Juniors,  should  be  a  pip  of 
a  contest.  Both  teams  are  evenly  matched 
and  equally  balanced  as  to  height  and 
weight.  Whatever  edge  there  is  should 
go  to  the  Nulites,  as  they  are  more  ex- 
perienced cagemen.  However,  the  Jun- 
iors are  much  faster,  and  they  may  out- 
endure  the   Nulite  team  to  win. 

Nulite's  starting  line-up  may  be  as 
follows:  forwards,  Jue  and  Ho;  center, 
Wong;  guards,  Louie  and  Gee.  No  pos- 
sible line-up  has  been  named  by  the 
Junior  Scout  team  yet. 

First  game  of  the  afternoon,  sche- 
duled for  1  P.  M.  may  be  a  very  good 
or  a  drab  fray.  Shangtai  rules  a  top- 
favorite  to  down  the  Chi-Fornian  team, 
defeated  easily  in  their  last  appearance 
by  the  Nanwah  A.  C.  Unless  the  Chi- 
Fornians  turn  over  a  complete  reversal 
of  their  previous  form,  it  will  be  one  of 
those  things  that  happen.  Reports  are 
having  it  that  they  intend  to  vindicate 
themselves,  however,  at  the  expense  of 
the  great  Shangtai  five. 

Last  Week's  Results 
Results  of  last  week's  two  contests: 
Scout  Seniors  38,  Nulite  21;  Shangtai 
50,  Scout  Juniors  24.  These  two  games 
came  out  true  to  form.  As  predicted,  the 
Nulite  A.  C.  gave  the  Scout  Seniors  a 
hard  fight,  as  the  Scouts  were  harder- 
pressed  to  win  than  the  final  score  indi- 
cated. For  three  quarters  of  the  game, 
the  Nulites  battled  on  almost  even  terms 
with  their   conquerors. 

It  was  not  until  the  last  five  minutes 
that  the  Seniors  sank  several  buckets  to 
clinch  the  contest.  Earl  Wong  and  Hin 
Chin,  with  eleven  and  ten  points,  respec- 
tively, starred  for  the  Scouts,  while  Jue 
was  Nulite's  high  scorer,  getting  six 
digits.  Dan  Leong  and  Howard  Ho  also 
played   well   for   the  losers. 

Shangtai  was  given  a  hard  battle  in 
the  first  half,  leading  by  a  scant  18-10 
tally  at  half.  However,  they  ran  away  in 
the  second  half.  Outplayed  and  out- 
classed, but  not  out-fought,  the  Scout 
Juniors  put  up  a  valiant  battle  against  a 
much  heavier  team.  Gerald  Leong,  Char- 
lie Hing,  and  Fred  Wong  were  Shang- 
tai's  mainstays.  Al  Young  and  Fred 
Wong,  Frank's  kid  brother,  were  the 
best    for  the   Juniors. 


Baseball   Personalities 

Wa  Sung  Athletic  Club  of  Oakland 
recently  completed  its  tenth  consecutive 
season  in  organized  baseball,  playing  all 
the  strong  American  nines  around  the 
Bay  Region.  This  year,  the  Wa  Sung 
nine  finished  among  the  leaders  in  the 
Berkeley   International   League. 

Infrequently,  a  locality  boasts  of  a 
Chinese  baseball  player  on  a  high  school 
team.  However,  a  number  of  the  Wa 
Sung  team  have  performed  on  the  East 
Bay  prep  squads. 

Coached  by  Tutor  AI  Hu,  a  high 
salaried  pitcher  in  his  prime,  Wa  Sung 
has  a  strong,  experienced  aggregation 
widely  known  for  its  good  sportsmanship. 
Following  are  brief  sketches  of  the  team 
personnel:  Gerald  Chan  is  the  athletic 
manager  and  catcher.  Chan  lives  for 
only  two  things:  baseball  and  more  base- 
ball. He  eats,  sleeps,  thinks,  and  talks 
baseball  at  all  times. 

Al  Bowen,  pitcher,  catcher,  first  base- 
man, proud  father,  and  what  have  you,, 
is  one  of  Wa  Sung's  most  valuable  men. 
The  ace  flinger  of  the  club,  Al  compiled 
the  second  highest  batting  average  in 
league  contests.  A  few  years  ago,  he- 
played  on  the  Oakland  Pacific  Coast 
League  team. 

George  Bowen,  the  second  baseman 
and  who  also  catches,  is  the  cleanup  man 
in  the   batting   order.  Enuf  sed! 

The  shortstop  who  answers  to  the- 
name  of  Fey  Chinn  is  a  diminutive  man 
but  a  spectacular  player  who  is  a  natural 
crowd-pleaser.  Fast,  brainy,  and  a  tough 
hitter  for  opposing  pitchers,  Chinn  is 
one  of  the  best  on  the  team  when  it 
comes  to  baseslides.  He  was  an  All-City 
second  baseman  at  McCIymonds  High. 

Another  product  of  the  high  school 
varsities  is  Henrye  Bowen,  the  first 
sacker  and  also  a  twirler.  Henrye  is  a 
southpaw  and  coach  of  the  Wa  Sung 
Midgets. 

Note:  More  interesting  sketches  about 
the  Wa  Sung  national  pastimers  will  be 
given  next  week. 


SCOUTS  WIN  AGAIN 

Continuing  its  winning  streak,  the 
Troop  Three  Scout  Seniors  scored  an 
easy  victory  over  a  Balboa  district  bas- 
ketball team  at  the  high  school  gym  last 
week,  by  the  tally  of  59-47.  Half-time 
score  favored  the  Chinese,  37-12,  and 
gave  Coach  Don  Lee  an  opportunity  to 
use  his  entire  squad,  down  to  the  third 
team. 


Page   14 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  20,    1935 


SPORTS 


ST.  MARYS  A.  C. 

Another  Chinatown  athletic  club, 
boasting  a  charter  enrollment  of  70 
members,  who  range  from  10  to  25 
years  of  age,  will  be  officially  launched 
in  a  few  days.  The  name  of  this  newcom- 
er in  organized  sports  is  St.  Mary's  A.  C. 
and  the  inauguration  will  take  place 
Sunday,  Dec.  22,  at  its  headquarters  in 
the   Catholic    Chinese  Social  Center. 

This  new  club  is  being  sponsored  by 
the  Chinese  Catholic  Young  Men's  Asso- 
ciation, which  appoints  the  club's  exe- 
cutive officers.  The  announced  purpose 
of  this  club  is  to  enroll  Catholic  boys  and 
to  give  them  full  advantages  in  such  com- 
petitive sports  as  basketball,  volleyball, 
boxing,  swimming,  and  kindred  sports 
which  are  calculated  to  be  of  benefit  to 
every  active  boy.  Although  the  club  is  a 
Catholic  organization,  it  will  welcome 
non-Catholic  boys  into  its  ranks,  pro- 
vided they    comply   with  the  club's  rules. 

Officers  of  the  club  announced  that 
the  services  of  a  basketball  coach  from 
the  U.  S.  F.  and  a  boxing  instructor  from 
the  Olympic  Club  have  been  secured  and 
that  preparations  are  being  made  to 
start  the  club's  activities  with  the  New 
Year. 

The  Chinese  Catholic  Y.  M.  A.  has 
appointed  John  Chinn  as  chairman  of 
its  athletic  committee,  and  Harry  Woo 
as  its  treasurer.  These  two,  with  several 
others,  will  act  as  the  governing  body  of 
the  St.  Mary's  Athletic  Club. 

•  • 

Shangtai's  basketball  team  suffered 
another  defeat  when  it  lost  to  Polytech- 
nic Evening  High  School  last  week,  by 
the  score  of  56-51. 

•  • 

Fred  Wong,  who  plays  forward  on 
the  Shangtai  casaba  team,  is  one  of  the 
veterans  who  is  out  to  make  the  Poly 
High  School  Varsity  five  next  spring. 
Last  season,  Fred  was  a  capable  reserve 
and  we  expect  him  to  be  a  regular  for 
his  team  in  the  next  A.  A.  A.   race. 

•  • 

Richard  Wong  is  another  Chinese  boy 
of  Poly  who  is  out  for  basketball.  Rich- 
ard, former  outstanding  athlete  of  Fair- 
field Union  Hi,  is  trying  out  for  the  130 
pound    squad. 

•  • 

There  are  two  Chinese  boys  who  are 
on  the  130  pound  basketball  team  of 
the  San  Rafael  High  School.  They  are 
Ed  Chong  and  Stanley  Lee,  who  played 
a  strong  game  against  the  North  Bay 
Chinese  lightweights  last  week. 


LOWA-SCOUTS  TO  PLAY 

A  colorful  intersectional  basketball 
game  will  be  offered  to  local  fans  this 
Sunday  evening  when  the  Troop  3  Scout 
Varsity  meets  the  strong  Lowa  Athletic 
Club  of  Los  Angeles  at  the  French  Court, 
with  a  preliminary  scheduled  to  start  at 
7:30  p.   m. 

Sport  enthusiasts  around  the  Bay  Re- 
gion have  known  the  Scouts'  strength  for 
the  past  several  years.  But  Lowa  is  prac- 
tically unknown  in  these  parts.  So  here's 
some  highlights  regarding  that  club:  Last 
season  Lowa  won  two  championships,  the 
Carnival  League  and  Division  2  Athletic 
Club  League  titles.  So  far  this  season 
the  Lowas  have  won  nine  games  and  lost 
one  in  the  city  round-robin  league.  Be- 
sides the  game  with  the  Scouts,  Lowa 
may  have  a  contest  on  the  23rd  with  an- 
other strong  local  club. 

Manager  of  the  team  is  Taft  K. 
Cheung.  A  possible  starting  lineup  is 
named  as  follows:  forwards,  Richard 
Hong  and  Ken  Ung;  center,  Capt. 
George  Tong;  guards,  George  Lee  and 
Donald  Sue.  Remainder  of  the  squad: 
Ben  Ho,  Don  Quon,  Chuck  Chan,  Ted 
Ung,  Ray  Wong   and   Vic  Wong. 


THE   FOLLOWING  STORES 

CARRY  THE 

CHINESE  DIGEST: 

FAT  MING  COMPANY 
Books  and  Stationery 
905  Grant  Avenue 

• 

SERVICE  SUPPLY  COMPANY 
Chinese  and  English  Books 
Magazines 
831  Grant  Ave. 

• 
CRESCENT  PHARMACY 
Drugs  and  Cosmetics 
Fountain    Service 
1101   Powell  St. 

* 

UNIQUE  MAGAZINE  SHOP 
Magazines  and  Papers 
681    Jackson  Street 

Other  Agencies  to  Be 
Announced   Later 


A  RESUME  OF  SOCIAL  SERVICE 

(Continued  from  Page   10) 
participation  in  the  efforts  to  realize  the 
purpose   of  a  richer  life    for  all  people. 

III.  Community  programs:  Even 
though  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  is  primarily  for 
young  people,  we  realize  that  the  Chi- 
nese Community  needs  a  center  to  which 
all  groups  of  people  can  go.  Therefore, 
there  are  programs  arranged  for  this 
purpose.  The  building  is  available  for 
the  use  of  any  group  provided  general 
interests  of  the  whole  community  are  re- 
garded. 

IV.  Recreation  center:  The  building  is 
open  to  all  girls  and  women  from  10:00 
A.  M.  to  10:00  P.  M.  They  can  enjoy 
basketball,  badminton,  and  other  sports 
here.  The  health  education  department 
instructs  members  in  the  rules  of  good 
health.  All  who  come  in  should  feel  at 
home  in  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  which  is  main- 
tained for  physical   and  spiritual   health. 

All  for  a  Richer  Life 
Within  the  framework  of  this  pro- 
gram, the  secretaries  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A., 
with  the  approval  of  the  committee  of 
management  and  the  board  of  directors, 
try  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  community. 
However,  without  the  cooperation  of  the 
workers   at    large,    we  can   do   nothing. 

Every  agency  has  its  particular  func- 
tion, and  we  hope  to  merge  our  efforts 
with  others  in  helping  individuals  find 
that  "something"  which  enables  them  to 
grow  spiritually  and  intellectually  for  a 
better  future. 

•  • 

CHINESE   DISCOVERIES 

(Continued  from  Page  6) 
metal  in  general  because  the  general 
term  for  metal  is  chien  (gold).  Iron  was 
shipped  to  Rome  during  the  Han  Dy- 
nasty. That,  however,  was  not  because 
the  Romans  had  no  iron  (they  received 
the  iron  status  from  the  Etruscans  about 
1100  B.  C),  but  because  Chinese  iron 
and  steel  were  very  superior  at  that  time. 
Han  iron  utensils,  as  displayed  in  many 
Western  museums  today,  have  a  surpris- 
ingly modern  and  "mechanistic"  style. 
(Next  week:  The  Chinese  Brought  the 
Playing  Cards  to   Europe.) 


Excellent  Meals 

UNSURPASSED    IN    CHINATOWN 

Famous    Dinner*    sers-ed     in    regular 

Chinese    Stvle    at    Reasonable    Rat^a 

Also    Wines    and    Liquors 

TAO  YUAN   RESTAURANT 

82  »    CLAY  STREFT 
Between     Grant     and    Stockton 


December  20,   1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  15 


SAMPAN  AND  CARAVAN 


PROMINENT  PASSENGERS 

Among  the  passengers  who  arrived 
this  week  on  the  President  Coolidge  were 
the  Misses  Rosamonde  and  Jeanette 
Kung,  daughters  of  Dr.  H.  H.  Kung, 
Minister  of  Finance  and  one  of  the 
most  prominent  men  in  the  Chinese 
Government.  They  are  enroute  to  Talla- 
hassee, Florida,  to  enter  the  State 
Teacher's   College   there. 

CHINA 'MAIL 

Ships  arriving  from  China: 

President  Jackson  (Seattle) 
Dec.  24;  President  Wilson  (San  Fran- 
cisco) Jan.  7;  President  Hoover  (San 
Francisco)  Jan.  15;  President  Lincoln 
(San  Francisco)  Feb.  4;  President  Taft 
(San  Francisco)  Feb.  12;  President 
Cleveland  (San  Francisco)  Mar.  3. 
Ships  leaving  for  China: 

President  Monroe  (San  Fran- 
cisco) Dec.  20;  President  Coolidge  (San 
Francisco)  Dec.  27;  President  Van 
Buren  (San  Francisco)  Jan.  3;  Presi- 
dent Garfield  (San  Francisco)  Jan. 17; 
President  Hoover  (San  Francisco)  Jan. 
24;  President  Polk  (San  Francisco) 
Jan.   31. 


Also  among  the  prominent  passengers 
was  Mr.  Chan  Sze-toa,  Chinese  Vice- 
Consul  stationed  at  Ottawa,  Canada, 
passing  through  San  Francisco  to  Otto, 
wa. 

Colonel  Theodore  Kong  Ching,  con- 
nected with  the  Pan-American  Airways 
sailed  last  Friday  to  Honolulu,  where  he 
will  join  the  "China  Clipper"  as  a  pass- 
enger to  Macao  on  its  first  trip  to  China. 
•  • 


SEASON'S  CREETINCS 

NEW 

CENTURY 

BEVERAGE 

CO. 

Manufacturers  of 

Orange  Crush 

Champagne  Cider 

Belfast  Products 


820  Pacific  St. 


DOuglas  0547 


San  Francisco,  California 

iriimiminiitiiniiiitHiMmmiMnmittmiMiimi,  .mm n.n.tn. 


THE  THOUGHTFUL  GIFT 

Are  you  wondering  what  you  will  give  HIM,  HER  or  THEM 
for  Christmas?  Then,  may  we  suggest  a  gift  which  will  not  only 
give  the  recipient  a  wealth  of  enjoyable  reading,  but  also  serve  as 
a  weekly  reminder  of  YOU  throughout  the  year? 

It  will  be  educational,  stimulating,  and  chock  full  of  every- 
day news  of  interest, 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  THE  Thoughtful  Gift. 

EIGHT  MONTHS  FOR  ONE  DOLLAR 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Enclosed  please  find  the  sum   of (dollars)    for 

which    send  your  special    gift  offer   for  eight   months'   sub- 
scription to 


NAME    __ 

ADDRESS  

CITY   

SENDER'S  NAME 

ADDRESS     

CITY 

NAME    

ADDRESS 

CITY  — 

SENDER'S  NAME 

ADDRESS    

CITY  


STATE 


STATE 


STATE 


STATE  


With  the  first  issue  of  each  gift  offer  the  CHINESE  DIGEST  will  enclose  a 
Christmas  card  with  the  name  of  the  sender.    This  offer  expires  December  20. 


DIRECTORY  OF  CHINESE 
BAZAARS 


CITY  OF  HANKOW, 

406  Grant  Avenue — 

Antiques,    silk,   tea,   ginger,    gifts 
SUEY  CHONG  COMPANY, 
5  1 5  Grant  Avenue — 

Slippers,    pajamas,   antiques. 
CHINESE  ART  SHOP, 
444  Grant  Avenue — 

Garments,  jewelry,  gifts. 
PEKING  BAZAAR, 
458  Grant  Avenue — 

Decorative    art,    furniture,    gifts 
KWONG  TUNG  BAZAAR 
528   Grant  Avenue 

Curios,    novelties,    ornaments. 
CHINA  MERCANTILE  CO. 

543  Grant  Avenue — 
Silk  goods,   souvenirs,  curios. 

CHINA  TRADING  COMPANY 
531   Grant  Avenue — 

Porcelain,    tableware,    gifts. 
KWONG  SANG  COMPANY 
540   Grant  Avenue — 

Art  goods,  prizes,  pajamas. 
GUMLING  COMPANY, 

544  Grant  Avenue — 
Robes,   silk  goods,   decorations 

FOOCHOW  COMPANY, 
550  Grant  Avenue — 

Curios,   novelties,   souvenirs. 
TIENTSIN  BAZAAR, 
564   Grant  Avenue — 

Baskets,    rattan    and    wickerwork. 
SING  CHONG  BAZAAR, 
601  Grant  Avenue — 

Ceramics,    cloissonne,    silk,    gift 
CANTON  BAZAAR, 
6 1 6  Grant  Avenue — 

Furniture,   chests,   vases,    bronzes. 
SHANGHAI  BAZAAR, 
645  Grant  Avenue — 

Chinaiware,    curios,   novelties 
WAH  SANG  LUNG, 
667   Grant  Avenue — 

Furniture,   antiques,   ivory   goods 
CHINA-WARE  SHOP, 
700   Grant  Avenue — 

Chinaware,     curios,     confections. 
W.  YOUNG  COMPANY, 
843    Grant  Avenue — 
Brassware,  rattanware. 
CHEW  CHONG  TAI, 
905  Grant  Avenue — 

Silk  hangings,  robes,   slippers 
THE  BOWL  SHOP, 
953    Grant   Avenue — 

Porcelain,    slippers,    curios,    gifts. 
TAI  CHONG  COMPANY, 
743  Jackson  Street — 

Jewelry,    art    objects,   embroidery. 


Page  16 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


December  20,    1935 


^ 


* 


I 


I 


WOMEN'S 

SHEER   CHIFFON 

CLOCKED 

STOCKINGS 

$135 


■ 


3  pairs  for  $3.90 

Sheer  beauty  for  Her  Christ- 
mas.  A  famous  Gotham 
Gold  Stripe  stocking.. sheer 
chiffon  with  a  lovely  open- 
work  clock. 


RooaBro^ 


SAN  FRANCISCO     •      OAKLAND      •      HOLLYWOOD 
FRESNO   •    BERKELEY    .    SAN  JOSE  •   PALO  ALTO 


The  ROOS  Label  adds  value  to  the  Gift 


% 


0 


<->A  WEEKLY  MM.ICOTIO* 


W£WS  -   SPOftTS  -   SOCIAL  -   COMMCHTu 

feus  lueswwios'opw- uteris  uce-TsuvvetC .-h 


Vol.  1,  No.  7 


December  27,   1935 


Five   Cents 


NEWS  ABOUT   CHINA        jg^J 


JAPANESE  EXPANSION  HITS  MONGOLIA 
By  Tsu  Pan 

North  China  secured  a  breathing  spell  from  Japan- 
ese aggression  last  week  with  the  establishment  of  the 
Hopei  Chahar  Political  Council  under  Japanese 
influence. 

The  semi-autonomous  government  of  the  provinces 
of  Hopei  and  Chahar  was  formally  inaugurated  on 
December  20.  Seventeen  members  were  appointed  by 
the  Nanking  government,  most  of  them  notably  pro- 
Japanese,  to  administer  the  affairs  of  the  provinces. 
General  Sung  Cheh-yuan,  chairman  of  the  political 
council,  announced  in  his  inauguration  speech  that 
friendly  relations  must  be  maintained  between  the 
council  and  Japan.  Fearing  opposition  from  local 
civilians  and  student  groups,  the  inauguration  service 
took  place  secretly  early  in  the  morning. 

While  tension  in  North  China  was  temporarily  sus- 
pended, the  scene  of  Japanese  activities  had  shifted 
from  the  Hopei  Chahar  region  to  Outer  Mongolia. 

A  dispatch  from  Ulan  Bator,  Mongolia,  reported 
that  a  contingent  of  Japanese  and  "Manchukuan" 
troops  had  invaded  Mongolian  territory  on  December 
20.  A  short  skirmish  took  place  in  which  one  Mongolian 
officer  and  five  soldiers  were  killed.  The  incident  was 
considered  of  grave  importance  in  Ulan  Bator,  due  to 
the  recent  report  of  a  Japanese  threat  to  occupy  Mon- 
golian territory.  The  Ulan  Bator  region  borders  the 
Japanese  dominated  "Manchukuo",  and  its  occupation 
would  carry  a  threat  to  the  all  important  Trans-Siber- 
ian railways. 

A  dispatch  from  Khabarovsk,  Russia,  reported  that 
the  Japanese  army  in  "Manchukuo"  was  studying  a 
plan  for  the  invasion  of  Outer  Mongolia.  Proponents 
of  the  plan  were  said  to  be  urging  the  Japanese  gov- 
ernment to  carry,  it  out  immediately  even  if  it  should 
brihg  war  with  Soviet  Russia.  The  Ulan  Bator  incident 
was  merely  a  test  attack,  according  to  a   Soviet  report. 

Outer  Mongolia,  nominally  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  China,  had  since  many  years  a^o  formed  the  so- 
called  Mongolian  People's  Republic  (Soviet  style). 
A  co-iflict  between  Outer  Mongolia  and  "Manchukuo  ' 
will   ultimately  mean  comolications  between  Japan  and 

Russia.  The  Mongolian  Prime  Minister  and  War  secre- 


TANG  YU  JEN  ASSASSINATED 

Shanghai,  Dec.  25 —  "Traitor",  "Country-selling 
crook!"  With  these  words  three  youthful  Chinese  sent 
eight  bullets  into  Tang  Yu  Jen  just  as  he  was  leaving 
his  cab  to  enter  his  hotel  in  the  French  Concession  in 
Shanghai.  Tang  died  instantly.  The  three  assassins 
escaped. 

Tang  Yu  Jen  was  Vice-Minister  of  the  Wei  Chaio 
Po  (Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs)  till  a  month  ago 
when  his  chief,  Wang  Ching-wei  was  seriously  wounded. 
According  to  custom,  he  also  handed  in  his  resignation 
when  his  chief  resigned.  He  had  been  retained  by  Nan- 
king for  various  assignments  because  of  his  knowledge 
of  the  Japanese  language  and  of  Japanese  affairs.  He 
received  his  education  in  Japan  and  was  said  to  have 
many  friends  in  Japanese  diplomatic  circles.  He 
was  sent  by  Nanking  to  Shanghai  two  days  ago  to  confer 
with  Major  General  Rensuke  Isogai,  who  was  stationed 
at  Shanghai.  It  was  claimed  that  in  this  interview  he 
had  given  valuable  information  to  the  Japanese. 

It  was  believed  that  his  departure  from  Shanghai 
Tuesday  was  wired  to  Shanghai  members  of  a  secret 
patriotic  organization  whose  members  have  taken  the 
"blood  oath"  to  stamp  out  pro-Japanese  officials.  The 
members  are  mostly  composed  of  well  educated  sons 
of  wealthy  families.  The  Shanghai  members  are  said 
to  be  mostly  of  men  who  had  lost  relatives  during  the 
last  Japanese  invasion  of  Shanghai  in  1931. 


tary  are  now  in  Moscow  to  confer  with  Soviet  authori- 
ties regarding  the  Mongolian  situation. 

In  Tokio,  the  enthusiasm  of  military  expansionists 
reached  a  new  height  when,  on  December  20,  Japanese 
war  representatives,  in  conference  with  members  of  the 
Diet,  urged  the  necessity  of  bigger  army  appropria- 
tions. The  following  day,  Emperor  Hirohito  sanctioned 
"the  elevation  of  General  Shigeru  Honjo,  General  Sado 
Araki  and  Admiral  Mineo  Osumi  to  the  rank  of  barons 
for  their  part  in  the  Manchuria  conquest  and  Shang- 
hai  conflict  in  1931-1932.  General  Honjo  was  comman- 
der of  the  Japanese  army  in  Manchuria  in  1931  and 
General  Araki  and  Admiral  Osumi  took  part  in  the 
Sino-Japanese  conflict  in  Shanghai  in   1932. 


Page  2 


CHINESE       D  I  C  EST 


December  27,    1935 


FAR     EAST 


Novelist  Admires 
Chinese  Women 

Because  Chinese  women  dres»  pretty 
much  alike,  from  their  headgears  to  their 
footwear,  this  gives  them  dignity  and 
poise.  On  the  other  hand,  American 
women  as  a  whole  have  no  uniformity  of 
dress,  which  destroys  poise  and  is  not 
conducive  to   dignity. 

This  is  the  opinion  of  Kathleen  Norris- 
popular  American  novelist  and  former 
San  Francisco  newspaperwoman,  now 
touring  the  Far  Hast.  Her  opinion  was 
expressed  while  she  was  in  Peiping, 
where  she  sojourned  one  week,  and  where 
she  was  interviewed  in  the  midst  of  her 
work  on  her  sixty-second  novel. 

Discoursing  on  the  point  that  American 
women  lack  uniformity  of  dress,  Mrs. 
Norris  said  that  while  one  will  have  a 
train  three  feet  long  trailing  the  floor  be- 
hind her,  another  may  be  wrapped  in  a 
high  collar  which  obscures  half  of  her 
face;  a  third  may  sport  a  low  neck,  while 
a  fourth  may  have  on  a  short  skirt  which 
barely  touches  the  knees.  In  Mrs.  Norris' 
opinion,  this  variety  and  differences  in 
dress  hardly  makes  for  dignity. 

Mrs.  Norris  likes  Peiping,  and  was 
eager  to  say  so.  "Peiping's  air  is  easy  to 
breathe,  like  that  of  San  Francisco,"  she 
said. 

Asked  whether  she  contemplates  writ- 
ing a  novel  with  a  Chinese  background 
the  California  writer  said,  "I  wouldn't 
try  to  write  a  novel  on  Chinese  life  unless 
I  had  lived  in  China  at  least  five  years." 


MALKASON 

MOTOR  COMPANY 

• 

OLDSMOBILE 
Mission  Dealer 

See    us    before   you   buy 
your    new     Oldsmobile. 

"It  will   pay  you   well." 


2925  MISSION  ST.,  NEAR  25TH 

San    Francisco  California 

VAlencia  7474 


Roy  Service  Dies 

Roy  Service  '02,  of  the  University  of 
California,  died  in  China  last  month  of 
sclerosis  of  the  liver.  For  years  he  had 
served  as  Secretary  of  the  International 
Committee  of  the  Y.M.C.A.,  carrying  on 
recreational  and  educational  work  in 
far-away  Chengtu,  Szechuan  province. 
When  he  first  set  out  for  his  post,  sedan 
chairs  and  donkeys  were  his  xrhief  means 
of  transportation.  Being  himself  a  star 
varsity  track  man  he  has  trained  several 
youths  for  the  Far  Eastern  Olympic  Field 
Meet. 

While  in  China  he  made  a  hobby  of 
collecting  Tibetian  objects,  and  his  large 
collection  was  on  display  at  the  De  Young 
Museum    last   year. 

His  missionary  work  in  China  received 
the  enthusiastic  support  of  the  University 
Y.M.C.A.,  which  periodically  sponsored 
a  ''Roy  Service  Campaign"  to  raise  funds 
for  his  work.  This  campaign  always  re- 
ceived the  support  of  the  campus.  Roy 
Service  is  survived  by  Mrs.  Service  and 
three    sons,    all   living   in   China. 

•  • 

Margaret  Hu  Dies 

Word  is  received  that  Miss  Margaret 
Hu,  22,  died  of  tuberculosis  in  her  na- 
tive Province  of  Fukien  three  months 
ago. 

Miss  Hu  came  to  the  United  States 
two  years  ago  to  study  at  U.S.C.,  and 
while  a  student,  built  a  tremendous  im- 
port business  in  the  south,  chiefly  selling 
embroideries  and  textile  from  her  moth- 
er's factory.  She  was  in  constant  de- 
mand by  department  stores  as  a  designer 
and  demonstrator.  Ill  in  health,  she  re- 
turned   to    China   in    August,    1934. 

•  • 

Swatow,  China —  Villagers  in  Mej- 
hsien  and  surrounding  districts  have 
been  terrorized  by  tigers  and  other  wild 
beasts  prowling  at  night  searching  for 
food.  Inhabitants  have  been  so  fearful 
of  being  eaten  alive  that  many  dare  not 
leave  their  homes  after  dusk.  The  wild 
animals  have  been  driven  from  their 
mountain  haunts  by  the  Communists 
seeking  safety. 

•  • 

Scores  of  Chinese  families  were  periled 
when  fire  broke  out  at  a  photographer's 
studio  at  651  Kearny  Street  last  Monday 
evening.  The  entihe  studio  was  destroyed 
before  firemen  brought  the  flames  under 
control,  and  prevented  the  entire  neigh- 
borhood  from    being   endangered. 


SZECHUAN  QUAKES   SEVERE 

A  gigantic  earthquake  shook  the  south- 
ern mountainous  section  of  Szechuan, 
destroying  entire  villages  and  killing 
thousands.  The  quake  occurred  Dec.  18, 
but  word  was  not  received  in  Canton 
till  a  week  later. 

Situated  on  top  of  high  mountains 
and  tablelands  are  villages  of  Lolos-^ 
aborigines  remotely  related  to  the  Malays, 
quite  different  from  the  Chinese  in  ap- 
pearance, custom  and  manner.  They 
have  a  tribal  form  of  government.  Un- 
able to  compete  with  the  Chinese  they 
had  retreated  to  the  mountain  fastness 
centuries  agb,  and  they  live  is  mesas 
much  as  the  Pueblo  Indians  of  Arizona 
do  today.  The  earthquake  tumbled  manv 
of  these   villages   out   of   existence. 

From  Chengtu,  the  Provincial  Capi- 
tal, committees  were  organized  to  render 
aid  to  the  unfortunates.  Their  progress 
was  hindered  because  roads  and  land- 
marks were  destroyed,  and  certain  rivers 
no   longer   navigable. 

The  quake  was  of  such  intensity  that 
although  it  centered  in  the  south,  it  could 
be  felt   in   the    north. 

•  • 

He  returned  home  one  evening  from 
a  long  day  with  the  Chinatown  squad 
and  walked  up  to  his  house,  very  tired. 
He  tapped  gently  on  the  bedroom  win- 
dow. 

"Who's   there?"   his   wife   asked. 

"It's   James,    honey,'   he   replied. 

"Oh,  no,  it  isn't,"  said  the  wife  "and 
if  you  dont  get  away  from  that  window 
at  once,    I'll   shoot." 

James  walked  away  and  joined  some 
of  the  boys  for  a  drink.  They  were  a 
congenial  crew,  and  the  "cup  that  cheers" 
was  passed  many  times  before  James  de- 
cided to  return  home  again.  This  time 
he  ran  up  at  full  gallop,  let  out  an  Indian 
war  whoop,  jumped  over  the  picket 
fence,  fell  onto  the  front  porch  with  a 
tremendous  bang.  His  wife's  voice 
floated  out  from  the  bedroom,  "Is  that 
you,  Jimmie?" 

<?C>^»-«S3^  tfCsw«-^r5  e£s*J&^FS  CZ. 
You    Are    Cordially    Invited   lo    VMl    the 

INDIA  CHINA  TRADING  CO  S  STORE 
At    445    GRANT    AVBNTJB 

San   Francftco'a    Chinatown 

ind    Srlrri    Gift*    from    India.    China    and 

other     Oriental     Countries 

G.    R.    Channon.    Manager 


December  27,  1935 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  3 


CHINATOWN   I  A 


Young  Leaves  for 

C.  S.  C.  A*  Convention 

As  chairman  of  the  Western  Depart- 
ment of  the  Chinese  Students'  Christian 
Alliance  and  first  vice-president  of  the 
central  executive  board,  Victor  C.  Young 
has  been  selected  to  represent  the  pacific 
coast  and  Hawaii  students  at  the  C.  S. 
C.  A.  central  executive  board  meeting  at 
Indianapolis,  Indiana,  on  Dec.  27.  After 
the  meet,  Victor  will  .join  the  Chinese 
student  delegation  to  the  Quadriennial 
Student  Volunteer  Movement  Conven- 
tion. This  conclave  will  bring  together 
students  from  all  parts  of  the  world  for 
discussions,  forums  and  international 
fellowship.  The  convention  will  be  head- 
ed b/j  Dr.  T.  Z.  Koo,  The  Archbishop 
of  York,  Dr.  K.  S.  Latourette  and  Dr. 
Toyohiko  Kawaga,  and  will  be  held  from 
Dec.   28   to  Jan.    1   at   Indianapolis. 

The  representation  of  Chinese  stu- 
dents west  of  the  Rockies  at  this  signifi- 
cant meeting  was  made  possible  through 
the  efforts  of  T.  Y.  Tang,  Lim  P.  Lee, 
Dr.  Theodore  C.  Lee,  Ira  Lee,  Charles 
Chao,  and  Rev.  Albert  Lau,  and  by  the 
response  of  the  C.  S.  C.  A.,  Los  Angeles 
and  Peninsula  units,  the  Chinese  Y.  M. 
C.  A.,  the  Chinese  Young  Peoples' 
Fellowship  Union,  the  Sunday  Morning 
Breakfast  Club,  Sigma  Lambda,  Chinese 
Baptist  Church,  Bay  Cities  Baptist 
Home  Missions  Board,  University  of 
California  Calvin  Club,  First  Presbyter- 
ian Church  of  Berkeley,  and  Berkeley 
Westminister    House.  , 

•  • 

"Doc"    Lee   on    Institute    Board 

The  International  Institute  announces 
the  election  of  Dr.  Theodore  C.  Lee  to 
the  board  of  directors.  Dr.  Lee  is  the 
first  and  only  Chinese  to  receive  this 
honor.  The  board  is  composed  of  eight 
members,  headed  by  Mr.  Frank  M. 
Harris,  of  the  Engineering  Department 
of  the  Pacific  Gas  and  Electric  Co. 

The  organization  is  established  for 
service  and  convenience  to  foreign-born 
people. 

Dr.  Lee  has  stated  that  his  aim  is  to 
establish  a  Chinese  Department  within 
the  Institute.  A  present  the  Inernational 
Institue  has  Swedish,  Russian,  German, 
Greek,   Spanish,   and    Polish   deparments. 

•  • 

A  daughter  was  horn  on  Dec.  15  to 
the  wife  of  Richard  K.  Loo,  649  Kearny 
Street,   San  Francisco. 


Cathay  Club's  New 
Year's  Eve  Dance 

Cathay  Club,  Inc.  announced  that  one 
New  Year's  Eve  Dance  will  be  a  five- 
tube  table  model  radio  donated  by 
Thomas  Tong  of  the  Golden  Star  Radio 
Co.  The  whole  array  o  prizes  is  on 
display  at  Mow  Wo  and  Dere  Hardware 
Co.  on  Grant  Avenue. 

"Co-operating  with  the  Chinese  Digest 
to  further  its  aims  and  principles  of 
greater  opportunities  for  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Chinese,  the  Cathay  Club  has  de- 
cided to  make  this  an  all-Chinese  event 
by  engaging  the  Chinatown  Knights  Or- 
chestra",   the    Club    announced. 

The  dance  is  to  be  held  Tuesday  night 
at  the  Trianon  Ballroom,  1268  Sutter 
Street,  San  Francisco,  from  9  p.  m.  to 
2  a.  m. 

New  Orleans  News 

Word  received  from  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana,  have  it  that  the  Chin  Bing 
family  is  doing  very  nicely  down  South. 
Elsie  Chin  Bing  has  been  employed  for 
the  past  five  years  in  a  private  library 
as  secretary.  Allan  is  secretary  to  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  Boys'  Director.  David  and 
Stanley  are  at  college.  Incidentally.  Da- 
vid was  captain  of  his  high  school  basket- 
ball team  which  won  the  city  prep 
championship.  He  also  holds  the  broad- 
jump  record  of  2I'-10". 

Here's  some  news  heretofore  unpub- 
lished: Senator  Huey  Long  (before  his 
assassination)  remarked  in  one  of  his 
radio  addresses,  "Down  at  L.  S.  U.  we 
have  a  Chinese  student  (Stanley)  who 
is  our  best  trumpet  player.  This  boy  is 
graduating,  but  I  am  going  to  see  his 
professors  and  see  if  we  can't  keep  him 
from  graduating  so  that  we  can  have  him 
in  our  band  next  year." 
•  • 


CANTON    LOW 

CHOP   SUEY  AND  NOODLES 
Tray    Service    at    All    Hours 

LUNCHEON   AND   DINNER 

708    GRANT    AVE.  CHina    0780 

San  Francisco  California 


Sole  Chinese  Civil 
War  Veteran  Dies 

A  92-year-old  Chinese  died  recently 
in  Pierre,  South  Dakota.  His  name  was 
Edward  Day  May  Cahota;  and,  accord- 
ing to  many  of  his  neighbors  who  had 
known  him  for  several  decades,  was  said 
to  be  the  only  Chinese  who  served  in  the 
Union  army  during  the  American  civil 
war.  . 

There  is  no  record  of  where  Cahota 
was  born,  but  he  was  said  to  have  com* 
to  this  country  at  the  age  of  four,  in 
1847 — the  same  year  that  the  first  Chi- 
nese student,  Yung  Wing,  came  to  study 
in  this  country — in  the  company  of  the 
captain  of  a  trading  ship.  He  remained 
with  the  family  of  this  captain  until  his 
twenty-first  birthday,  when  he  enlisted  in 
the  Union  army  in  1864. 

At  the  close  of  the  civil  war  Cahota 
was  honorably  discharged  from  the  army. 
However,  he  enlisted  again  and  (erred 
the   regular  army    for   several    years. 

Cahota  married  a  woman  of  Norweg- 
ian descent,  who  died  while  he  was  sta- 
tioned in  Nebraska,  leaving  several  chil- 
dren to  his  care.     It  was  in  the  home  of 

one   of   his    daughters  that    Cahota  died. 

•  • 

Chinese  Edits  High  School  Newspaper 

Although  he  has  been  in  the  United 
States  but  six  years,  Edwin  Louie,  17,  of 
Los  Angeles,  showed  such  proficiency  in 
the  writing  of  English  that,  recently,  his 
school,  Polytechnic  High,  elected  him  as 
the  editor-in-chief  of  their  school  jour- 
nal   the   Polly   Optimist. 

This  young  Chinese,  in  assuming  the 
editorship,  has  the  job  of  directing  a 
staff  of  fifteen  assistants  and  about  75 
reporters. 

Edwin  likes   journalism   and  has  ambi-l 
tions    of    returning    to   China    and    bring-, 
ing  the  standard  of  American  journalism 
into   the  newspapers  there. 

•  • 

MRS.  TOM  RECOVERS 

Mrs.  Ruth  Tom,  who  suffered  a  severe 
eye  cut  from  shattered  glass  last  week  in 
an  auto  accident  at  Jackson  Street  below 
Grant  Avenue,  is  reported  as  recovering. 
She  was  treated  at  the  Emergency  Hos- 
pital, where  she  was  taken  by  Arthur 
Dick. 


Page  4 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


December  27,   1935 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINESE     DICEST 

WISHES    YOU 
A  HAPPY    NEW  YEAR 


C  D.  A.  JUNIORS  INITIATION 

Twelve  Catholic  girls  became  full- 
fledged  juniors  of  the  Court  Our  Lady 
of  China  branch  of  the  Catholic 
Daughters  of  America  last  Sunday  after- 
noon when  they  were  initiated  into  the 
organization.  The  ceremonies  were  held 
in  the  club's  assembly  in  the  Catholic 
Chinese  Social  Center. 

Rev.  George  W.  P.  Johnson,  chaplain 
of  the  organization,  presided  at  the  cere- 
monies. The  new  junior  members  initi- 
ated were:  Barbara  Yew,  Wawona  Tang, 
Patricia  Yee,  Anna  Chew,  Emily  Jung, 
Emily  Wong,  Frances  Leong,  Lily  Chin, 
Mary  Gee,  Catherine  Fong,  Agnes  Chew, 
and  Mable  Lew. 

•  • 

U.  C.  STUDENT  ELECTIONS 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Chinese 
Students  Club  of  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, the  following  members  were 
elected  officers  for  the  ensuing  year: 
President,  William  Jung;  vice-president, 
Ruby  Yuke;  English  secretary,  Jean 
Lym;  treasurer,  Victor  Young;  Chinese 
secretary,  Henry  Soon;  auditor,  Grace 
Lowe. 

•  • 

A  daughter  was  born  on  Dec.  15  to 
the  wife  of  Sai  Loy,  120  Trenton  St., 
San  Francisco. 


BEN     CHE Y 


"Drive 

in     your 

old    car 

and    Drive    out 

in    a 

1936    Ford' 

AUTO 

REPAIR 

SHOP 

"25    Pacific    St. 

1 j 

GAr. 

4592 

BAPTIST    ORDINATION 

The  Chinese  Baptist  Church,  15  Wav- 
erly  Place,  announces  the  coming  ordin- 
ation of  its  pastor,  Mr.  Albert  Lau,  on 
Dec.  29,  at  3:00  p.  m.  The  services  will 
be  held  in  the  church  auditorium,  pre- 
sided over  by  Dr.  Charles  .R.  Shepherd, 
superintendent  of  the  Chung  Mei  Home 
in  El  Cerrito.  Among  the  speakers  will 
be  Dr.  Earl  Smith,  Executive  Secretary 
of  the  Baptist  Headquarters  in  San  Fran- 
cisco., Dr.  John  Bailey  and  Dr.  Sanford 
Fleming  of  the  Berkeley  Baptist  Divinity 
School. 

Mr.  Lau  was  recently  graduated  from 
the  Moody  Institute  in  Chicago,  and  is 
now  pursuing  further  study  at  the  Ber- 
keley Baptist  Divinity  School.  He  sue- 
Church  in  August,  1935,  after  the 
death  of  Rev.  Luke  S.  Chan. 

•  • 

UNION    FELLOWSHIP    MEETING 

The  Chinese  Young  Peoples'  Union 
Fellowship's  regular  monthly  meeting 
will  be  held  this  Sunday,  Dec.  29.  at 
7  p.  m.  at  the  Chinese  Methodist  Church, 
920  Washington  Street.  Special  music 
will  be  rendered  by  the  male  quartette 
from  Stewart  Memorial  Church  of  San 
Francisco.  A  special  guest  speaker  has 
been   obtained   for  the  occasion. 


m\ 

T A  O      YUAN 
RESTAURANT 

823  CLAY  STREET 

Between     Grant     and     Stockton 

Meals   Unsurpassed  in 
Chinatown 

Also    Wnes    and     Liquors 
£^<ZT<3£  $£?r-(Zr^±J  Si^CST^P 


f 
i 


C.  A.  C  A.  OFFICERS  ELECTED 

The  Chinese  American  Citizens  Alli- 
ance held  an  election  Dec.  14,  with  the 
following  results:  president,  Thomas 
Jung;  vice-president,  Yan  Chan;  secre- 
tary, Dr.  Theodore  C.  Lee;  treasurer, 
Dr.  James  H.  Hall. 

The  purpose  of  the  organization  is  for 
the  promotion  of  better  American  citi- 
zens of  Chinese  extraction.  Over  a  thou- 
sand votes  were  polled  in  the  election  of 
the  present  set  of  officers. 
•  • 

Marysville    Students 

Realizing  the  dangerous  position  China 
is  in  today,  students  of  the  Marysville 
Chinese  Public  School  have  formed  a 
Chinese  Students'  Patriotic  Movement, 
to  unite  the  Chinese  in  an  effort  to  save 
the  mother  country  from  foreign  aggres- 
sion. 

Coinciding  with  demonstrations  by 
Peiping  students,  the  Marysville  students 
had  already  created  a  National  Salva- 
tion Fund  before  the  present  crisis  arose, 
by  holding  patriotic  meetings  in  public 
squares.  A  wire  was  sent  to  the  Peiping 
students  via  the  China  Clipper,  encourag- 
ing them  to  maintain  the  patriotic  move- 
ment   and    national    spirit. 

A  high  school  girl,  Wong  Suey  King, 
is  chairman  of  the  movement  Two  of 
the  members  of  the  board  are  Lim  Fook 
Him   and   Lim    Foon   Chong. 

•  • 

The  Chinese  M.  E.  Church  presented 
its  annual  Christmas  program  last  Sun- 
day evening,  December  22  The  high- 
light of  the  program  was  the  brother  and 
sister  piano  duet,  a  boy  of  four  and  ■ 
girl  of  six.  After  the  program,  the  Ep- 
worth  League  held  a  social  for  its  mem- 
bers. 

•  • 

CAROLINE  CHEW  LEAVES 

Miss  Caroline  Chew,  prominent  Chi- 
nese dancer  of  the  Bay  Region,  left  last 
week  for  New  York  City,  where  she  has 
a  feature  engagement  scheduled  in 
"Continentinal    Varietn 

•  • 

Severn!     persons 
Theodore    Chin    looks    so     much    1 1 k <~ 
new    arrival    from    Chi- 
such   an   unusual   hair   cut. 
must  know,  he  did  not  come  from  CI' 
He   w.is   born    in   Twin  Fall*,    Id. 
haps  that  accounts    tor  his 


December  27,  1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  5 


CHINESE  FILM  DEBUT  JAN  1 

Cathay  Pictures'  first  talking  film 
production  was  announced  as  completed 
and  ready  for  showing.  The  picture,  en- 
titled "Heartaches",  has  been  scheduled 
to  appear  at  the  Mandarin  Theatre  on 
Wednesday,  January    1. 

The  company  has  announced  that  this 
first  picture  surpassed  the  hopes  of  its 
producers  in  the  high  quality  of  the 
cast's  performance,  artistry,  scenic  splen- 
dor, and  the  reproduction  of  several 
Chinese  melodies. 

Chinatown  is  eager  to  give  its  opinion 
on  the  Cathay  Pictures'  initial  produc- 
tion, and  awaits  it  with  high  interest. 


TEA    AND     LANTERNS 


THE   FOLLOWING  STORES 

CARRY  THE 

CHINESE  DIGEST: 

FAT  MING  COMPANY 
Books  and  Stationery 
905  Grant  Avenue 

• 

SERVICE  SUPPLY  COMPANY 
Chinese  and  English  Books 
Magazines 
831  Grant  Ave. 

• 

CRESCENT  PHARMACY 
Drugs  and  Cosmetics 
Fountain   Service 
1101   Powell  St. 

• 

UNIQUE  MAGAZINE  SHOP 
Magazines  and  Papers 
681   Jackson  Street 

Other  Agencies  to  Be 
Announced   Later 


CATHOLIC  DANCE  HELD 

Court  of  Our  Lady  of  China  Branch 
of  the  Catholic  Daughters  of  America 
gave  an  invitational  dance  last  Friday 
night  at  the  Catholic  Social  Center  audi- 
torium. Miss  Edith  Chan,  Grand  Regent, 
presided  as  hostess. 

Mah  jong  and  card  games  were 
played.  Music  was  furnished  by  the 
Chinatown  Knights  Orchestra.  More 
than  a  hundred  persons  attended  and 
many  parents  and  friends  of  the  Catho- 
lic Daughters  were  also  among  those 
present. 

•  • 

CHITENA  DANCE  ANNOUNCED 

An  announcement  has  been  made  that 
the  Chinese  Tennis  Association  will 
sponsor  a  Chinese  New  Year's  Dance  on 
Friday  night,  Jan.  24,  at  the  N.  S.  G.  S. 
Hall.  Music  will  be  furnished  by  the 
Cathayans.  Chitena  members  remark 
that  this  coming  dance  will  be  a  colorful 
social  event. 

•  '• 

WAH  YING  XMAS  PARTY 

Wah  Ying  Club  gave  a  surprise 
Christmas  party  to  its  members  on  Tues- 
day night,  Dec.  24.  Thirty-five  members 
were  present,  and  each  was  presented 
with  a  little  gift.  Mah  jong,  bridge,  and 
story-telling  was  enjoyed  by  all. 


What  is  More  Thoughtful 

Than  a  Photograph 

fpr   Christmas 

Appointments   Made  by   Telephone 

YEE  WONG  STUDIO 

57  Brenham  Place  CHina   1221 


MISSION  HIGH  DANCE 

Under  the  sponsorship  of  Lai  Lee, 
social  chairman,  the  Chinese  students 
of  Mission  High  School  will  give  a 
dance  on  Dec.  28  at  the  Chinese  Y.  W. 
C.  A.  Music  will  be  furnished  by  the 
Rhythm  King  Orchestra.  Robert  Young 
is   assisting  with  plans   for  the  event. 

•  • 
CELESTIAL  CLUB  DANCE 

The  young  folks  of  Los  Angeles  will 
start  the  New  Year  with  a  bang,  accord- 
ing to  the  Celestial  Club,  which  is  spon- 
soring a  New  Year's  Eve  Dance  on  Dec. 
31,  at  Roma  Hall,  Sunset  Blvd.  and 
Figueroa  Street. 

There  will  be  entertainment  galore. 
Serpentines  and  noisemakers  will  be 
given  free  to  the  whoopee-makers.  The 
dance  will  last  from  ten  p.  m.  to  the 
wee  hours  of  the  morning. 

•  • 

Cathayans  Hold  Party 

The  Cathayans  Orchestra  held  a  ban- 
quet last  Thursday  evening,  Dec.  19,  at 
the  Bal  Tabarin  Cafe.  Those  present: 


Messrs. 
Dudley   Lee 
Winfred  Lee 
Willie  Lee 
David   Sum 
William  Wong 
Kenneth   Lee 
Allen  Lee 
William   Chan 
Robert  Wong 
Leon  Lym 
Thomas   Bow 

Mr.    and   Mrs. 


Misses 

Bernice  Lee 

Caroline  Fong 

Constance  Won 

Gracie  Chew 

Edith  Chan 

Betty  Won 

Caroline  Bow 

Louise  Lym 

Cecelia  Louie 

Frances  Chun 

Helen  Yee 

Edward  Quon. 


Edward  Quon  was  toastmaster  of  the 
evening.  Cathayans  Orchestra  -was  or- 
ganized three  years  ago  by  five  boys, 
William  Chan,  Willie  Lee,  William 
Wong,  Wong  Ham  Suey  and  Winfred 
Lee.  It  now  has  eleven  members. 


*     / 

X  * 

FDnG<!w 

j=nnG 

FDurrmin  #^g 

f BRKERy 

824  GRANT  AVENUE 

CHina  1010 

San  Francisco  - 

-  -  California 

Page  6 

. — _ s— 


CHINESE       DICEST 


December  27,   1935 


C   U   L  T  U   R   E 


CHINGWAH  LEE 


THE  STORY  OF  CERAMIC  ART 


(V)   How  Potteries  are  Fired 

In  a  previous  article  we  saw  how  pot- 
tery is  shaped  from  moist  clay  by  various 
methods — basket  lining,  mat  wrapping, 
hand  modelling,  moulding,  and  with  the 
aid  of  the  turnette  or  the  potter's  wheel. 
The  finished  vessels  are  then  placed  in 
the  sun  to  dry  for  several  days,  when 
they  become  fairly  hard  and  are  then 
suitable  for  the  storage  of  grain  or  other 
dry  substances.  But  they  are  not  true  pot- 
tery, and  will  dissolve  rapidly  in  contact 
with  water.  They  still  contain  what  the 
chemists  call  "combined  moisture"  or 
"clay  held  water".  This  water  is  liberated 
only  when  the  wares  are  submitted  to  a 
baking  or  firing  process  which  fixes  the 
shape  of  the  wares  for  all  time. 

In  the  firing  process  the  primitive 
potter  merely  inverts  her  vessel  over  a 
bed  of  potsherds,  heap  firewood  over  the 
whole,  and  set  fire  to  the  pile.  Thus  the 
Pueblo  women  potters  of  today  place 
several  jars  bottom  side  up  over  a  bed  of 
pebbles,  cover  them  with  dry  sheep  man- 
ure, and  allow  the  heap  to  burn  evenly. 
Sometimes  fresh  fuel  is  piled  over  the 
burning  pyre  and  the  confined  smoke 
then  combines  with  the  paint  on  the  pot- 
tery, resulting  in  a  very  beautiful  black 
coating —  the  famous  Santa  Clara  black 
pottery.  This  is  a  very  early  stage  of  a 
series  of  reduction-oxidation  process 
which  will  be  described  in  more  detail 
later. 

The  Zuni  Indians  improved  the  firing 
process  by  first  digging  <a  trench  in  the 
ground.  The  walls  of  the  trough  pro- 
bably serve  as  reflectors  in  intensifying 
the  heat,  besides  giving  a  certain  control 
to  the  draft.  The  Nicobar  Islanders  add- 
ed still  another  improvement  by  provid- 
ing a  wheel-like  crate.  This  is  placed  over 
the  inverted  pots  before  the  firewood  is 
added  and  serves  to  prevent  the  firewood 
from  disturbing  the  pottery.  The  above 
potters  may  be  said  to  have  fired  their 
wares  in  the  open,  for  no  kiln  was  used 
in  the  firing  as  yet. 

Primitive  Kilns 
The  lower  Congo  potters  give  us  an 
idea  of  a  primitive  but  effective  kiln.  A 
pit  is  dug  in  the  ground  and  this  is  near* 
ly  filled  with  charcoal.  Potteries  to  be 
fired  are  then  placed  on  top  of  this  char- 
coal bed  and  the  whole  is  covered  with 
more  charcoal  till  a  mound  is  created. 
From    around    this    mound    air    passage* 


are  dug  into  the  ground  until  they  com- 
municate with  the  side  of  the  charcoal 
filled  pit.  Firewood  is  now  placed  on  top 
of  the  mound  and  fired.  To  increase  the 
temperature,  air  is  forced  thru  the  air 
passages  with  bellows.  This  bee  hive  kiln 
has  two  advantages  over  the  open  firing 
process:  even  heating  and  high  tempera- 
ture. 

We  have  no  record  of  early  Chinese 
kilns.  It  was  probably  in  use  during  the 
Chou  Dynasty,  and  was  fairly  well  dev- 
eloped by  the  Han  Dynasty.  The  Shuo 
Wen,  a  dictionary  compiled  by  Hsu 
Shen  (died,  120  A.  D.)  listed  t'ao  as  a 
kiln.  This  ideograph,  which  was  in  use 
during  the  Chou  Dynasty,  pictures  an 
enclosure  within  which  is  a  pottery  vessel, 
fou.  By  extension,  the  word  t'ao  today 
means  ceramics  as  well.  Incidentally,  the 
Shuo  Wen  listed  21  words  related  to  fou 
(pottery),  and  29  words  related  to  w« 
(pottery  or  roof  tiles),  including  ch'iu, 
tiles  for  lining  wells. 

The  modern  word  for  kiln,  yao,  prob- 
ably originated  after  the  Han  Dynasty, 
and,  given  in  another  tone,  also  means 
a  brick  lined  well,  as  distinguished  from 
an  ordinary  well.  The  Chinese  term  for 
a  vagabond  is  sometimes  given  as  chu  p'o 
yao  (dwellers  of  cracked  or  deserted 
kilns).  We  may  infer  that  kilns  in  use 
during  the  T'ang  Dynasty  or  earlier  were 
brick  lined  chambers,  some  large  enough 
to  be  used  as  sleeping  quarters.  Kilni 
were  certainly  in  use  during  the  T'ang 
Dynasty,  for  only  with  a  high  kiln  tem- 
perature is  it  possible  to  obtain  celadon, 
and  other  high  fired  glazes  belonging  to 
that  period.  Many  Han  wares,  some 
nearly  two  feet  tall,  are  stacked  in  the 
firing  process,  and  this  arrangement  sug- 
gests a  chambered  kiln  also. 

Origin   of   Saggers 

The  sagger  is  a  cylindrical  or  bowl- 
shaped,  covered  container  of  fire-clay, 
used  for  protecting  the  vessels  being  fired 
from  uneven  heating  in  the  kiln.  It  pro- 
vides a  chamber  within  the  kiln  cham- 
ber. Saggers  probably  originated  in  Chi- 
na during  the  Tang  Dynasty,  and  was 
used  extensively  from  the  Sung  Dynasty 
on.  Many  Sung  wares  have  sagger  adhe- 
sions (bits  of  sagger  material  which  be- 
come attached  to  the  glare  of  the  vessel 
being  fired  as  a  result  of  accidental  shift- 
ing of  the  wares  during  the  firing  pro- 
cess), and  many  recovered  Sung  wasted 
(Continued    on    Page     12) 


Chinese    Discoveries 
and    Inventions 

IV.  The  Chinese  Brought  Playing  Card* 
and  Dominoes  Into  Europe 

From  earliest  times  the  Chinese  have 
used  divination  sticks  (ts'ien)  of  bone, 
wood  or  bamboo.  These  were  probably 
derived  from  the  "guessing  sticks"-  a 
gambling  game  of  great  antiquity  known 
throughout  the  Asiatic  northeast  as  well 
as  among  the  aborigines  of  the  Ameri- 
can northwest.  The  dice  originated  in 
Egypt  and  spread  rapidly  throughout  the 
Orient.  When  it  reached  China,  the 
Chinese,  perhaps  in  the  interest  of  vari- 
ation, converted  the  dice  into  flat  slips 
(pei)  after  the  manner  of  the  divination 
sticks. 

The  most  elementary  form  of  the  slips 
are  of  bone —  kwok  pei  or  bone  slips. 
These  slips  still  retain  the  "eyea"  of  the 
dice,  but  they  are  arranged  in  different 
order,  and  each  pei  may  have  two  sets 
of  different  colored  eyes.  In  Canton 
the  game  is  known  as  tin  kau;  in  Europe, 
as  dominoes.  The  counters  used  are  still 
"eyes" — loose  black  and  red  hemispheri- 
cal beads.  Kwok  pei  is  a  great  advance- 
ment over  the  dice,  for  now  we  have  a 
game  requiring  judgment  rather  than 
just  a  series  of  chance  throws. 

A  more  elaborate  form  of  kwok  pei 
is  known  as  "sparrows"  (ma  ch'aio  pei 
or  mah  jong) — so  called  because  the 
first  pei  of  the  first  series  bears  the  pic- 
ture of  that  bird.  This  is  the  chief  dis- 
tinction of  mah  jong  over  dominoes — 
the  eyes  have  evolved  into  pictures 
(birds,  bamboo  joints,  flowers,  etc.)  and 
words  (winds,  seasons,  mottoes,  etc.). 
The  counters  are  sticks  resembling  the 
early  guessing  sticks  but  eyes  are  placed 
there  to  determine  their  value.  As  the 
game  is  started  with  the  throwing  of 
dice,  it  may  be  said  to  have  incorporated 
within  it  all  its  predecessors. 

The  third  form  of  pei  is  yeh  txu  hsi 
or  tzu  pei  (playing  cards) — the  sup  ng 
wu  of  the  Cantonese.  Being  printed  on 
paper  cards  it  is  the  most  versatile,  and 
at  a  very  early  date  (at  least  before  969 
A.D.)  the  eyes  have  undergone  transfor- 
mation— becoming  symbols,  words,  and 
pictures.  The  king-  queen,  and  jack  of 
the  modern  pack  really  has  a  very  early 
beginning — a  Chinese  card  of  the  fif- 
teenth century  already  bears  the  picture 
of  a    knave  sporting  a   "poker   face" 

According  to  Dr.  Thomas  Francis 
Carter,  the  distinguished  sinologist, 
(Continued   on  Page   14) 


December  27,  1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  7 


RARE  HANGING  ON  DISPLAY 

A  sensational  arrfval  in  San  Francisco 
is  on  display  this  month  at  Nathan 
Bentz,  veteran  collectors  of  Chinese  art 
objects.  Every  art  loving  Chinese  should 
make  a  pilgrimage  to  drink  irt  the  beauty 
of  this  imperial  embroidery,  the  throne 
wall  curtain  of  the  Emperor  Ch'ien 
Lung.  . 

This  drapery  was  made  by  order  of 
Emperor  Ch'ien  Lung  (A.  D.  1736- 
1795),  one  of  China's  most  cultured  em- 
perors, ruler  of  the  greatest  empire  on 
earth  at  his  time.  Patron  of  art,  poet, 
military  strategist,  and  shrewd  business 
man,  he  found  time  to  collect  jade  and 
bronzes,  and  to  participate  in  the  crea- 
tion of  fascinating  porcelain  and  loom 
products.  Under  his  direction  he  created 
a  demand  for  Chinese  art  objects  within 
the  "four  seas" —  which  was  to  say,  all 
the  nations  he  once  considered  worth 
trading  with,  including  European  na- 
tions, India,  Persia,  the  once  powerful 
Turkey   Empire,    Siam,   and  Java. 

The  Making  of  Imperial  Textile 

Tradition  has  it  that  he  designed  the 
curtain  himself  and  gave  orders  that  the 
color  of  this  panel  must  be  the  right 
shade  of  imperial  yellow — a  cross  be- 
tween chrysanthemum  yellow  and  gold, 
and  not  the  heavy  poppy  yellow  so  often 
found  in  commercial  objects.  Thousands 
of  master  dyers  experimented  day  and 
night  to  get  the  desired  shade.  Then 
imperial  weavers  worked  over  colossal 
looms  to  produce  the  brocade.  Finally, 
picked  maidens  started  the  embroidery 
under   close  supervision. 

The  finished  product  is  so  overpower- 
ing, that  just  to  look  at  it  would  create 
before  the  mind's  eyes  the  might  of  this 
Emperor,  who,  with  the  touch  of  his  Ver- 
million pencil  could  banish  a  kingdom 
or  affect  the  lives  of  over  400,000,000 
subjects.  The  panel  is  more  than  thirty 
feet  wide.  Due  to  the  lack  of  space  it 
was  impossible  for  the  photographer  to 
do  justice  to  this  work. 

The  Dragon  Motif 

The  panel  has  the  dragon  motif,  the 
dragons  being  arranged  in  groups  of 
nine — nine  five-clawed  dragons  (kiu 
lung)  being  the  imperial  symbol.  Besides 
a  series  of  ascending  and  descending 
dragons  there  is  a  large  full-faced  dragon 
(jing  mien  lung)  holding  the  sacred 
pearl,  and  two  "marching"  dragons 
(hing  lung)  approaching  each  other. 
These  dragons  were  embroidered  by  the 
tacked  on  process  in  gold,  silk  cables 
wrapped  with  gold  foil  being  used.  The 
work  is  fresh  as  if  it  was  made  last  year. 
Scattered  over  the  entire  ground  are 
conventional   clouds,   flaming   pearls,    and 


mystic  symbols,  done  in  harmonizing 
shades  of  pale  rose  and  blue. 
A  Powerful  Border 
The  lower  section  of  the  panel  is  bor- 
dered with  a  soul  satisfying  band  of 
"  eternal  waves"  in  the  midst  of  which 
stands  the  lone  "rocky  clift"  (shih  shan) . 
This  is  one  of  the  most  powerful  con- 
ventionalized designs  yet  devised  by  the 
hands  of  man.  The  restless  roar  of  the 
breakers  is  captured  in  the  sprays  of  the 
sea  as  it  dashes  against  the  immovable 
rocks  jutting  toward  the  heavens.  Both 
are  dwarfed  by  the  powerful  yet  orderly- 
waves  which  march  on  in  orderly  rhythm, 
while  the  indomitable  might  of  the  cos- 
mic universe  itself  is  hinted  at  by  the 
subordination  of  the  whole  to  the  bot- 
tom of  the  panel.  The  beholder  is  made 
to  feel  a  terrestrial  world  receding  from 
under  his  feet  while  being  ushered  into 
the  presence  of  something  high,  mighty, 
and   awesome. 


The  rainbow  band,  which  is  always 
associated  with  the  eternal  waves,  is  given 
an  unusual  treatment.  Instead  of  being 
a  continuous  band  it  is  constricted  to 
clusters,  the  stripes  terminating  in  curls, 
suggestive  of  the   ju-i  symbols. 

Now  On   Display 

"This  panel,"  said  Mr.  Joseph  Bentz, 
"was  in  the  private  collection  of  Hseun 
Tung,  then  'Emperor  Emeritus'  of  the 
Republic  of  China,  now,  puppet  ruler 
of  Manchukuo.  A  decade  ago,  when  the 
China  Red  Cross  Committee  appealed  to 
him  to  donate  some  money  for  the  needy, 
he  offered  them  this  heirloom  in  place 
of  cash,  with  the  instruction  that  it  be 
fold  to  the  highest  bidder."  Mr.  Joseph 
B^ntz  is  the  senior  partner  of  the  San 
Francisco  store.  His  younger  brother, 
O~to.  is  now  in  London  with  his  nephew 
viewing  the  London  Chinese  Exhibit. 
The  hanging  is  now  on  display  at  the 
Nathan  Bentz,  441  Grant  Avenue.  It  is 
open  to  the  public.  C.  W.   L. 


Pi*e  8 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  27.   1935 


EDITORIAL 


THE  CHINESE   DIGEST 

Published  weekly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San    Francisco,    California 

Telephone   CHina    2400 

THOMAS  W.  CHINN,  Editor 

Per  year,  ?2.00;    Per  copy,   5c 

Foreign,   £2.75    per  year 

Not    responsible     for    contributions 

unaccompanied    by    return     postage 


STAFF 


CHING    WAH   LEE   ._. 
WILLIAM   HOY 
FRED   GEORGE  WOO 
CLARA  CHAN 
ETHEL  LUM 


Associate    Editor 
Associate    Editor 

Sports 

Fashions 

Community  Welfare 


ROBERT  G.    POON   Circulation 

GEORGE  CHOW  Advertising 


AN  INCOMPLETE  AND  MISLEADING 
FILM  ON  CURRENT  EVENTS 

The  ninth  issue  of  the  "March  of  Time",  which 
seeks  to  interpret  pictorially  the  background  and  mean- 
ing of  significant  happenings  in  the  four  corners  of  the 
learth,  was  shown  at  a  local  theatre  last  week. 

One  of  the  subjects  treated  in  this  issue  was  what 
the  Japanese  were  doing  to  transform  Manchukuo  into 
an  highly  industrialized  state  and  to  instill  Japanese 
culture  and  political  philosophy — "always  with  Chinese 
teachers" — into  the  minds  of  its  30,000,000  Chinese 
subjects. 

There  were  scenes  of  bustling  building  construc- 
tion and  of  agricultural  experiments  to  make  the  soil 
of  Manchukuo  produce  food  which  it  had  never  grown 
before.  The  coal  mining  industry,  employing  thou- 
sands of  Chinese,  is  shown  operating  at  fever  pitch 
to  furnish  the  anthracite  necessary  for  newly  built  fac- 
tories and  the  beehive  of  ships  which  ply  between 
Darien  and  Japan. 

On  the  cultural  side  this  newsreel  showed  how 
Chinese  boys  and  girls  are  being  educated  in  rigidly 
supervised  schools  with  native  instructors.  It  also 
showed  the  pupils  at  work  and  at  play.  A  group  of 
old  Chinese  scholars  is  glimpsed  re-learning  the  Con- 
fucian classics. 

There  were  glimpses  of  Foreign  Minister  Hirota, 
of  War  Minister  Araki,  of  the  Emperor  Hirohito, 
symbol  of  Japanese  unity  and  power,  and  of  other 
military  bigwigs  of  the  Japanese  regime  in  Manchukuo. 

Altogether  these  few  short  swift  scenes,  purposely 
dramatic  and  impressive,  serve  to  give  the  average 
filmgoer  the  impression  that  the  Japanese  are  benevo- 
lent conquerors,  ambitious,  purposeful,  a  race  born  to 
rule,  and  that  they  have  brought  peace  and  prosperity 
to  Manchukuo  where  before,  under  Chinese  rule,  it 
was  bandit-ridden  and  misgoverned. 

The  film  narrator  said  "that  with  the  coming  of 
the  Japanese"  modern  hospitals  have  been  established 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Chinese,  giving  the  impression 
that  hospitals  never  existed  when  "Manchukuo"  was 
an  integral  part  of  China.  Showing  the  natives  in 
peaceful  contentment,  and  most  of  them  supposedly 
gainfully  employed,  the  picture  neglected  to  show  how 
the  Chinese  merchants  are  "persuaded"  to  pay  exorbi- 
tant taxes  to  the  government  and  how  their  business  is 


NEON  NIGHTMARES 

Chinatown  is  suffering  another  attack  of  neonlite- 
sos —  an  outbreak  of  scarlet  fever,  the  patient  shouting 
"Chop  Suey",  "Noodles",  and  "Here  I  am".  It  is  high- 
ly contagious  and  will  induce  blindness  and  insanity 
t-e  even  innocent  bystanders. 

The  Grant  Avenue  merchants  who  put  up  these  signs 
probably  said  something  like  this  to  his  admiring  son, 
"Congratulate  me,  sonny.  I've  just  placed  an  order  for 
a  colossal,  stupendous  neon  sign.  Yes,  I  paid  two  grand 
for  the  thing,  besides  one  dollar  to  the  salesman  for 
designing  it.  Will  the  town  know  me  from  now  on?  Be 
proud  of  your  father,  sonny." 

The  palsy-walsy  salesman  who  sold  the  sign  proba- 
bly said  something  like  this  to  the  office  stenog;  "Con- 
gratulate me,  sis.  I've  just  sold  that  Grant  Avenue  sap 
a  new  neon  for  two  grand.  Boy,  did  I  lay  it  on  thick? 
Did  I  suppress  the  office  artist  and  bring  forth  the  cir- 
cus poster.  How  about  a  date?" 

Some  future  historian  will  probably  say  something 
like  this:  "Once  upon  a  time,  there  was  a  Chinatown. 
It  was  beautiful,  unique,  and  Chinese  in  style.  Trav- 
ellers from  all  over  the  world  visited  the  spot  and  its 
merchants  grew  rich.  Then  some  Chop  Suey  Babbits 
and  Japanese  trinket  peddlers  started  to  Americanize 
the  place  by  putting  up  neon  signs  all  along  Grant 
Avenue.  They  knew  no  moderation.  They  did  not  ap- 
ply the  artistic  concepts  of  their  forefathers.  The  place 
looked  like  a  row  of  Christmas  trees  on  fire.  Then  the 
travellers  stopped  coming  and  the  inhabitants  died  of 
starvation." 


rigidly  controlled  and  supervised  by  Japanese  "advis- 
ors". It  failed  to  picture  that,  although  the  Japanese 
military  is  ever  watchful  of  any  tendency  of  the  people 
to  rise  and  revolt,  Manchukuo  today  has  more  than 
ten  thousand  guerilla  fighters  and  volunteer  soldiers 
who  are  continually  harrassing  their  conquerors,  and 
who  are  willing  to  die  fighting  rather  than  to  live  as 
docile  Japanese  subjects. 

It  is  for  these  omissions  that  this  picture  is  incom- 
plete, misleading  and  highly  unsatisfactory.  Of  course, 
one  cannot  blame  the  editor  of  the  "March  of  Time" 
for  failure  to  show  the  other  side  of  the  "Manchukuo" 
"paradise,"  for  without  a  doubt  their  cameramen  had 
to  work  under  the  watchful  eyes  of  alert  Japanese 
censors,  and  anything  that  is  considered  inimical  or 
harmful  to  the  Japanese  regime  there  is  not  sanctioned. 
Therefore,  it  was  inevitable  that  the  resultant  newsreel 
was  a  greatly  distorted  notion  of  Sino-Japanese  rela- 
tions as  regards  Manchukuo. 

The  "March  of  Time"  cannot  be  accused  of  being 
deliberately  biased,  because  of  the  conditions  and  cir- 
cumstances involved  in  the  making  of  this  particular 
sequence.  When  all  is  said  and  done,  however,  this 
issue  of  the  "March  of  Time"  is  grand  propaganda  for 
the  Japanese.  W.   H. 


December  ,27,  .1935 


CHINESE       DICEST 


'age  9 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENT 


WILLIAM  HOY 


China's  Students  on 

the  Present  Sino- 

Japanese  Situation 

Like  an  onrushing  tidal  wave  sweep, 
ing  across  the  nation,  students  of  Chi- 
na's largest  universities  and  secondary 
schools  during  the  last  two  weeks  have 
been  staging  demonstration  after  dem- 
onstration in  an  effort  to  urge  the  na- 
tional government  to  take  action  against 
the  establishment  of  a  semi-autonomous 
government  in.  several  provinces  of 
North  China,  and  to  warn  China's  popu- 
lace through  oral  and  printed  propa- 
ganda of  the  grave  danger  now  facing 
the  country. 

No  one  who  has  read  the  accounts  of 
these  students'  mass  demonstrations  in 
several  .of  the  chief  cities  in  China  could 
fail  to  sympathize  with  and  be  stirred  by 
the  self -sacrifice,  the  zeal  and  the  perse- 
verance of  these  young  nationals  whose 
love  of  their  land  has  engendered  such 
patriotic  fervor  that  they  are  completely 
oblivious  to  personal  danger  or  to  the 
danger  which  their  country  may  have 
to  face  should  their  patriotic  movement 
overreach  the  bounds  of  youthful  pru- 
dence. And  at  this  moment,  the  move- 
ment has  gathered  such  momentum  that 
it  is  not  possible  to  down  or  quiet  these 
students  except  by  force.  What  will  re- 
sult from  these  student  agitations?  To 
gain  a  clear  picture  of  the  present  situa- 
tion, let  us  recapitulate  and  review  the 
happenings  of  the  last  two  weeks. 
Origin    of   Demonstration 

China's  National  University  in  Pei- 
ping, center  of  the  historical  student 
movement  in  1919  when  China  faced 
the  loss  of  Shantung  to  the  Japanese, 
again  became  the  focal  point  of  the  pres- 
ent student  movement  against  the  semi- 
autonomous  government  which  they 
feel  is  fostered  by  Japan  and  which  is 
but  a  prelude  to  Japanese  political 
hegemony  over  the  five  northern  prov- 
inces. 

Nearby  is  another  famous  govern- 
ment institution  of  learning,  the  Tsing- 
Hua  University,  which,  like  the  Na- 
tional University-  has  several  thousand 
students.  For  months  the  students  of 
these  two  universities  have  been  brooding 
over  the  political  situation  in  North 
China,  which  was  daily  growing  more 
critical.  Students  are  the  most  politically 
conscious  class  in  China,  and  they 
understood  more  than  any  one  else  that 
the  Japanese  were  culminating  plans  for 
the  political  penetration  of  North  China 
by  diplomatically  persuading  the  Chinese 


generals  and  governors  of  the  five  prov- 
inces  to    secede   from   Nanking. 

For  months  these  students  have  lived 
under  a  feeling  of  tension  and  dread. 
Expecting  Japanese  invasion  at  any  mo- 
ment, yet  they  were  hopeful  that,  faced 
with  the  loss  of  half  of  its  territory,  the 
central  government  would  at  last  take 
measures  to  prevent  such  an  occurrence. 
The  Bubble  Bursts 

What  unleashed  the  patriotic  fury  of 
these  students,  therefore,  was  when  the 
central  government  openly  acceded  to 
the  Japanese  inspired  semi-autonomous 
regime  in  the  provinces  of  Chahar  and 
Hopei.  Knowing  then  that  the  time  had 
come  for  another  movement  to  rally 
other  students  in  all  parts  of  the  coun. 
try  in  an  effort  to  stir  up  public  opinion 
for  armed  defense  of  the  north,  the 
National  University's  students  called  to- 
gether students  of  Tsing-Hua  and  all 
secondary  school  students  and  went  into 
action. 

Then  one  day  two  weeks  ago,  between 
five  and  six  thousand  students  of  15 
universities  and  secondary  schools,  defy- 
ing the  warnings  of  authorities  and  the 
advice  of  their  teachers,  staged  their  ini- 
tial demonstration  in  Peiping.  All  the 
paraphernalia  for  an  effective  demon, 
stration  were  utilized:  banners,  speeches- 
yells,  handbills,  posters,  etc.  Into  Pei- 
ping's  thoroughfares,  against  the  wintry 
cold,  these  thousands  paraded,  shouting 
as  they  went:  "Down  with  Japanese  im- 
perialism !",  "Up  with  Chinese  national- 
ism!", "Prohibit  the  North  China  inde- 
pendence movement!",  "Unite  and  de- 
fend the  nation  against  the  Japanese 
bandits  !" 

The  demonstration  stirred  the  entire 
city  and  aroused  the  sympathy  and 
approbation  of  all.  The  line  of  demon- 
strators were  several  miles  long,  and  they 
marched  from  dawn  to  sunset,  shouting 
all  the  time-  but  yet  creating  no  riots 
which  could  be  used  as  an  excuse  for  po- 
lice interference.  Several  were  arrested, 
however,  when  they  defied  police  orders. 
The  Students  Manifesto 

The  students  sought  an  audience  with 
General     Ho     Ying-ching,      the     central 


SEASON'S   GREETINGS 

HOWARD  MACEE 

COUNSELLOR-AT-LAW 

Anglo  Bank   Bldg.    -    830  MufcM  St. 
EXbrootc    0298  San    Francuco 


government's  war  minister,  then  in  Pei- 
ping, but  he  was  not  to  be  found.  How- 
ever, they  publicly  delivered  the  follow- 
ing manifesto  to  General  Ho: 

( 1 )  Abolish  the  Hopei  demilitarized 
zone; 

(2)  Dissolve  the  so-called  autono- 
mous  political  council; 

(3)  Dissolve  the  North  China  inde- 
pendence movement; 

(4)  The  central  government  must 
announce   a   definite    foreign  policy, 

(5)  Permit  liberty  of  speech  and  free- 
dom of  the  press; 

(6)  Free  the  students  who  were 
arrested  to-day; 

(7)  Stamp  out  civil  strifes  in  the 
country. 

The  Fu-jen  Catholic  University,  also 
located  in  Peiping,  which  in  previous 
years  had  always  rigidly  controlled  its 
students  from  taking  part  in  anything 
which  savors  of  the  political,  could  riot 
restrain  several  hundred  of  them  when 
they  joined  the  other  students  in  this 
mass  demonstration. 

By  the  following  morning,  students 
of  the  universities  and  secondary  schools 
throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of 
the  country  had  rallied  to  this  spontane- 
ous movement.  In  Canton  the  teachers 
and  more  than  2000  students  of  the  Sun 
Yat-sen  University,  another  government 
institution-  walked  out  of  their  classes 
and  staged  a  parade  through  the  city, 
supporting  the  aspirations  and  demands 
of  the  students  in  the  north.  Within 
twenty-four  hours,  these  students  had 
organized  those  of  the  other  schools  and 
had  drafted  a  program  of  action,  viz: 
the  organization  of-  youth  propaganda 
corps  who  will  go  to  the  outlying  cities 
and  spread  the  news  of  this  movement 
and  to  enroll  volunteers;  organizing  of 
members  to  search  and  denounce  native 
purveyors  of  Japanese  goods;  organizing 
members  to  prosecute  and  punish  trai- 
tors; and  to  call  for  united  action 
against  the  establishment  of  the  Chahar- 
Hopei  political  council  about  to  be  in- 
augurated. 

Momentum    Gathered 

As  the  students  in  Canton  roused  the 
students  throughout  South  China  to 
manifest  their  patriotism  in  this  new 
national  crisis,  university  and  secondary 
school  students  up  and  down  the  coun- 
try had  rallied  to  the  movement  emanu- 
ating  from  Peiping  and  had  marshaled 
their  youthful  voices  and  writing  brushes 
to  focus  public  opinion  on  the  why  and 
wherefore  of  the  movement. 

(Continued  on  Page   14) 


Page  10 


CHINESE      D'ldE-ST 


'  December  2?,  -<935 


COM  MUNITY    WELFARE 


ETHEL  LUM 


CHILD  WELFARE 
CONFERENCE 

"To  keep  well  babies  well",  is  the  spe- 
cial concern  of  the  Child  Welfare  Con- 
ferences held  at  the  Chinese  Health 
Center  (a  branch  of  the  San  Francisco 
Department  of  Public  Health),  1212 
Powell  Street,  every  Tuesday  and  Friday 
afternoons,  from  1  to  3:30.  Dr.  Mar- 
garet Carlsmith  is  the  attending  physic- 
ian, assisted  by  Mrs.  Minnie  F.  Lee  and 
Miss  Eunice  Gibson,  public  health  nurses 
of   the. Chinese  district. 


New-born  babies  and  pre-school  chil- 
dren are  weighed,  measured,  and  exam- 
ined by  the  doctor.  They  are  also  vac- 
cinated against  smallpox  and  diptheria- 
and  given  the  tuberculin  test  to  see  if 
rhey  have  any  tuberculosis  infection. 
Mothers  are  instructed  about  diet,  and 
about  the  importance  of  right  food  and 
good  hygiene. 

Conferences  Invaluable 
To    these    conferences    only    well    chil- 
dren are   admitted,    as    their    function   is 
not  to  treat  the  sick.     They  are  open  to 
all  pre-school  children  who  are  not  under 
a   physician's   care   for  feeding  and  gen. 
eral    routine    examinations.    There   is   no 
charge    as   the   service    is   an    educational 
one,  to  make  the  child  physically   fit  (of 
later  life.    Children  needing  medical  care 
for  the  correction  of  defects  are  referred 
to  their  family  physicians  for  treatment. 
The  community   is   rapidly    awakening 
to  the  value  of  these  conferences.  When 
they  first  commenced  in  March,    1933,   at 
the   Chinese   Hospital,    only    a    few    chil- 
dren  attended    and    only    one   afternoon 
was  assigned  to  the  work.  As  the  attend- 
ance    increased,     two      afternoons     were 
necessary      to     accommodate      the      large 


number.  During  the  last  year,  as  many 
as  3-196  children  were  brought  to  these 
conferences. 

Mortality  Rate  Declines 
It  is  claimed  that  the  infant  mortality 
rate  is  an  index  of  general  health  condi- 
tions. A  definite  relationship  is  known 
to  exist  between  the  well-being  of  young 
children  and  the  well-being  of  the  entire 
community.  Records  available  from  the 
San  Francisco  Department  of  Public 
Health  reveal  that  the  death  rate  of  Chi- 
nese infants  under  one  year  is  more 
than  twice  as  high  as  that  of  other  chil- 
dren. Fortunately,  since  the  establish- 
ment of  the  child  welfare  conferences, 
this  mortality  rate  has  definitely  de- 
clined. A  glance  at  the  graph  below  will 
indicate  the  drop  from  1933  to  the  end 
of    1934: 


45l     His       fit       lijt      riti      J't       *M      *.'       -til     'lij       'f/t 
CHI*iS£   IMFAnT  niTMi.Ty   HATS  ?*•*  112*   T»  /fj* 


This  improvement  is  better  appreci- 
ated when  one  remembers  that  these 
were  years  of  greatest  economic  depres. 
•ion  for  Chinese  families.  The  pre  and 
post-natal  care  of  mothers  and  babies 
through  the  San  Francisco  Hospital  Pre- 
Natal  Clinic  has,  no  doubt-  been  instru- 
mental in  producing  these  favorable  re- 
sults, but  it  is  by  all  means  through  the 
successful  follow-up  of  these  babies  in 
the  conferences  that  so  much  was  accom. 
plished. 

According  to  Miss  Gibson,  one  of  the 
public  health  nurses,  this  phase  of  their 
work  is  extremely  enjoyable,  and  at  the 
same  time  most  satisfying.  "We  know 
that  in  building  up  the  health  of  these 
small  children,  we  are  laying  a  firm  foun- 
dation upon  which  the  health  of  the 
community  depends,"  she  stated.  The 
conferences  have  frequently  been  visited 
by  interested  friends,  both  Chinese  and 
American.  A  visit  to  the  Chinese  Health 
Center  on  one  of  these  two  afternoons 
will  find  a  roomful  of  squealing, 
appealing   little  tots. 

A  daughter  was  born  on  Dec.  1  1  to 
the  wife  of  Fong  Cham  Why.  7  Quincv 
Street,  San  Francisco. 


GIRLS  PLAY 
SANTA  CLAUS 

Every  Christmas,  for  the  last  four 
years,  rhe  girls  of  the  Chinese  Presby- 
terian Mission  Home  at  920  Sacramento 
St.  have  played  Santa  Claus  to  many 
needy  families  in  Chinatown.  This  year 
15  families  were  invited  to  their  Christ- 
mas party  held  at  the  Home  the  evening 
of  Dec.  23,  and  came  away  burdened 
with   gifts. 

The  four  clubs  of  the  Home,  consist- 
ing mainly  of  high  school  and  working 
girls,  contribute  every  year  from  their 
earnings  and  savings  toward  making  or 
buying  gifts  for  these  families.  The  gifts 
include  food,  candy,  and  useful  house- 
hold articles  for  the  whole  family,  be- 
sides toys  and  clothing  for  children  un- 
der ten  years  of  age. 

A  Christmas  pageant  entitled  the 
"Star  of  Hope",  with  scenes  depicting 
the  story  of  Jesus,  was  presented  by  the 
girls  at  the  Christmas  party.  Slides  of 
nativity  events  were  shown,  and  carols 
in  both  Chinese  and  English  were  sung. 
The  program  was  thoroughly  enjoyed  by 
the  audience,  to  whom  the  real  signifi- 
cance of  the  Christmas  festival  was  con- 
veyed. 

Many  of  the  girls  work  in  the  indus- 
trial department  of  the  Home,  from 
which  source  they  are  able  to  earn  a 
little  money  for   their  personal   expenses. 

The  true  Christmas  spirit  finds  ex- 
pression in  this  generous  gesture  of  the 
girls.  To  some  of  them,  the  contributions 
mean  the  denial  of  gifts  and  pleasures 
for  themselves.  The  planning  of  the  pro- 
gram and  the  making  of  the  gifts  de- 
mand much  of  their  time  and  efforts. 
Alchough  what  they  have  to  offer  is  not 
much,  yet  they  are  happy  to  gire  what 
they  can. 

•  • 


NOTICE 

A  number  of  persons  have  been 
identifying  themselves  as  representa- 
tives  of  the  CHINESE  DIGEST. 

The  public  is  cautioned  to  ask  our 
representatives  for  their  identification 
cards,  issued  to  bona  fide  members  of 
the  staff. 

Identification  cards  are  printed  on 
brown  cards,  with  four  Chinese  char- 
acters. If  any  other  information  is 
needed,  kindly  call  CHina    2400. 


December  27,   1935 


CHINESE       DIC  EST 


rsge  H 


FASHIONS 


RING  IN  THE 
NEW  YEAR 

Just  when  we  think  we  can  sit  back 
and  enjoy  the  lingering  festive  air  of 
Christmas  that  pervaded  our  home,  we 
have  to  prepare  for  another,  and  an 
almost  immediate  celebration.  I'm  not 
even  calling  New  Year's  eve  a  holiday; 
although  not  a  misnomer,  yet  it  differs 
from  the  holidays  of  the  year's  calendar. 
New  Year's  eve  is  the  one  day  on  which 
the  entire  world  seems  to  ring  with  joy 
filled  with  renewed  spirit,  fresh  hopes; 
and  regardless  of  nationality,  every  one 
join*  in  celebration  for  the  incoming 
of  the  new  year. 

Even  before  the  Chinese  government 
officially  acknowledged  the  solar  system 
in  place  of  the  lunar  calendar,  New 
Year's  eve  was  a  much  anticipated  event 
with  the  people  of  our  community. 
The  New  Glad  Raff— 

For  the  women,  now  is  the  time  when 
we  will  spend  our  last  penny,  if  the  joy 
of  "giving"  has  not  depleted  our  sav- 
ings of  the  entire  year.  The  old  glad  rag 
simply  will  not  do — you  must,  just  must 
be  in  your  most  brilliant,  dazzling,  and 
•tunning  outfit,  for  surely  you  are  to 
attend  the  gayest,  and  most  hilarious 
party  of  the  year. 

I  had  no  need  to  spend  much  time 
this  week  in  looking  for  a  dress  gay 
enough,  and  smart  enough  for  this  occa- 
sion. Remembering  that  the  midseason 
mode  calls  for  a  dress  that  is  romantic 
in  effect  yet  essentially  modern,  the  dress 
illustrated  on  this  page  will  be  just  the 
thing. 
Pleats  and  More  Pleats — 

Made  of  satin,  the  gown  is  accordion 
pleated  from  waistline  to  the  hemline. 
A  low  decolletee  in  front  and  back  with 
two  clips  or  artificial  flowers  at  either 
shoulder,  a  wide  decorative  girdle  set 
wi*h  different  colored  stones  serve  as 
brilliant  touches.  The  skirt,  because  of 
the  small  accordion  pleats  is  reminiscent 
of  the  old  butterfly  skirt  of  several  sea- 
sons. You  may  well  imagine  the  roman- 
tic as  well  as  graceful  swirl  of  this  gown 
if  you  are  dancing  the  old  year  out. 

Although  fashion  designers  have 
shown  the  predomination  of  the  pencil 
silhouette,  yet  with  the  revival  of  pleat- 
ings,  clever  coutouriers  have  reconciled 
these  two  opposing  elements.  By  the  use 
of  invisible  stitches,  the  pleats  on  the 
skirt  are,  sewn   in    place   around   the   hip 


CLARA  CHAN 


line;   the  skirt  below  the  knees,  as  in  the 
sunburst  skirt  falls  in  graceful  swirls. 
Chiffon  or  Satin — 

This  gown  also  comes  in  chiffon,  but 
Satin  is  the  elegant  and  stunning  mater- 
ial to  choose.  It  comes  in  shades  which 
are  most  nattering  to  Chinese  beauties — 
rich  green,  simple  white,  brilliant  red, 
and  as  sketched,  the  ever  fashionable 
black.  This  gown  comes  from  a  local 
shop,  and  is  very   reasonably  priced. 


Pleats  in  Other  Forms — 

Pleats  are  used  in  many  delightful 
forms  other  than  an  evening  gown.  In 
the  afternoon  dress,  entire  sleeves  are 
often  seen  of  accordian  pleats.  Again, 
in  trimmings,  such  as  jabots  in  fan 
shape,  collars,  cuffs,  and  shoulder  treat- 
ments to  broaden  slim  shoulders.  Narrow 
sections  of  pleating  in  the  front  or  back 
of  skirt  is  a  smart  touch  for  those  who 
would  have  pleatings  but  still  wish  to 
retain  the  slender  silhouette. 


SEASON'S    GREETINGS 
from 

HONG    KONG 
TAVERN 


At    1125    Franklin    St.,    Oakland 

'We   Serve  the   Best  Straight  Liquors 
and    Mixed    Drinks    in   Town" 

—AT  THE  TAVERN— 

Tom  Donlin  Jack  Burns 

"Open  Day  and  Night" 

Featuring 
Chinese  and   American   Dishes 


Restaurant 

1701-1703 
Seventh  St. 


Restaurant 

1121-1123 
Franklin  Street 


Tavern 
1125   Franklin  St. 


§      SEASON'S  GREETINGS      2 
9  FROM  jB 


i 


The  Shangtai 


I 


3  *  ? 

A  672  Jackson  St.        CHina  1215  K 


rage  12 


CHINESE       DICEST 


December  27,   1935 


POO-POO 

By  Bob  Poon 


First  it  was  Texas,  now  it's  New  York, 
will  these  out-of-town  dames  never  cease 
to  give  our  local  girls  competition?  The 
boys  around  town  all  claim  themselves 
"frans"  of  Clara  Chan  since  her  friend 
Miss  Kay  Lee  arrived  in  town.  Clara  has 
been  raving  about  the  tall  slim  beauty 
to  me,  but  when  I  asked  for  an  "intro"> 
she  says  the  gal  is  leaving  for  home  soon. 
Wow  is  me  .   .  .  always  one  step  behind. 

•  • 

Among  the  friends  who  went  to  bid 
Miss  Rose  Tom  adieu  were  two  gentle- 
men. After  watching  'Tommy'  kiss  every- 
one that  was  present  so  far>  the  boys 
edged  in  to  say  good-bye,  too.  And  were 
they  vexed  when  she  simply  shook  their 
hands.  I  suggest  the  boys  find  out  be- 
forehand, what  their  friends  do  or  not 
do  so  as    not  to   be  disappointed,   again! 

After  watching  the  futile  efforts  of  all 
the  passengers  trying  to  throw  serpen- 
tines to  their  friends  I  came  to  the  con- 
clusion that  they  should  be  given  instruc- 
tion and  practice  beforehand.  To 
prove  my  point,  one  should  note  the 
happy  expression  on  both  the  'passer 
and  receiver'  when  the  serpentine  finds 
its  mark. 

1  A  young  feller  told  me  'G.  O.'  was  a 
scream,  star.  I  asked  him  what  he  meant, 
and  he  said  "Didn't  you  know  that  G.  O. 
went  to  Hollywood  to  take  a  test?"  (Per- 
sonally, I  think  the  kid  is  right-  you 
know  the  old  proverb,  'Out  of  the  mouth 
.  of  babes,  etc.) 

•  • 

I  started  somethin'  when  I  wrote  about 
a  certain  Miss  quitting  her  job.  Several 
young  Misses  have  cornered  me  so  far- 
demanding  that  I  divulge  the  source  of 
my  information.  Wew,  I'm  glad  that  my 
column   is  read,   anyhoo! 

•  • 

By  the  way,  ALLEE,  the  TOWN- 
TROTTER,  says: 

It  seems  that  H.  K.  WONG  circles 
around  town  three  times  before  going  to 
work     every     day;      wonder     what     he's 

driving    at    (and   whom) Being 

absent-minded  one  evening,  GEORGE 
LEE  of  the  Dresswell  Shop,  set  off  the 
burglar  alarm  in  front  of  his  shop, 
throwing  the  whole  neighborhood  into  a 
panic,  while  passersby  were  seeking  for 
the  would-be  burglar,  only  to  find  that 
it  was  little  Georgie  himself  walking 
away    nonchalantly,    a.    little    red    in    the 


cheek,  but  with  his  usual  smile.  So  better 
be  careful  next  time  ....  By  the  way,  a 
certain  Honolulu  "shiek",  it  is  reported, 
returned  to  the  islands  to  say  "Aloha" 
to  his  folks  before  leaving  for  China  to 
continue  aviation  studies.  He  may  be 
Edward  Leong  to  you,  but  he's  just  Mr. 
Hunson  to  his  island  folks  ...  A  coun- 
try gal  who  makes  good- —  JENNEFER 
NG,  who  came  to  this  town  a  few  years 
ago  from  Bakersfield,  is  now  in  the  em- 
ploy of  one  of  the  largest  chain  stores 
in  the  West  .  .  .  DONALD  LEE  ("town 
Romeo")  owns  many  suits  but  never 
sits  down  lest  the  trousers  lose  their 
crease  ....  HENRY  HING  will  be  all 
dressed-up  for  the  coming  New  Year'f 
struggle;  he  just  bought  a  new  suit — 
and  paid  cash  for  it  ...  .  EVA  LOWE, 
'gal  with  personality  plus'  has  left 
for  Los  Angeles  (her  real  home  town) 
and  it  certainly  took  some  of  the  lights 
out  of  Chinatown  ....  SO  LONG 
•  • 

There  is  no  point  in  seeing  a  show 
uncomfortably  if  one  could  otherwise. 
This  was  borne  out  when  a  girl  in  front 
of  me  tucked  her  head  snuggly  on  the 
B.  F's  shoulder.  Ah-  dear  me,  I  guess  my 
shoulders  are  too  boney,  for  no  one  has 
ever  used  them   for  a  cushion yet. 

The  height  of  making  oneself  at  home 
is  after  having  a  duck  dinner  at  a 
friend's  house  ....  take  the  left-overs 
home,  bone  and  all,  to  make  'joolc'.  You 
should  have  been  there.  Swell  duck 
soop    (eh,   Wimpy?). 

CERAMIC  ART 

(Continued    from    Page    6) 
(spoiled   or   discarded   wares)    show   large 
portions   of    sagger  adhesion. 

Sagger  may  hare  originated  when 
primitive  potters  proceeded  to  protect 
their  vessels  from  the  direct  heat  of  the 
fire  with  large  pieces  of  potsherds.  The 
protected  areas  are  found  to  be  superior 
to  the  unprotected  areas,  and  potters 
may  thereafter  have  his  vessels  com- 
pletely covered  with  potsherds  before 
adding  firewood.  Eventually  a  whole 
vessel  may  be  made  as  a  protector,  and 
this   would  be    the  first    "sagger". 

On  the  other  hand,  saggers  appeared 
rather  late  in  the  history  of  ceramics, 
and  are  associated  with  the  kilns.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  even  if  the  first  sagger 
originated  in  the  method  above  des- 
cribed, the  firing  case  would  really  be  a 
kiln  oven,  and  not  a  saggar.  More  likely, 
the  sagger  originated  when  potters  found 
that  vessels  in  the  middle  of  the  oven 
floor  received  the  most  even  heating  and 
were  less  likely  to  be  cracked.  There- 
after,    their     finer     pieces     were     always 


placed  in  the  middle  of  the  floor,  and 
surrounded  by  inferior  wares.  Further- 
more, plates  and  bowls  were  often  fired 
in  stacks,  and  the  top  and  bottom  pieces 
were  frequently  found  to  have  fared  bad- 
ly. From  these  observations,  potters  may 
have  conceived  the  idea  of  placing  their 
choice  wares  within  an  old,  cracked  bowl, 
with  perhaps,  another  cracked  plate  as 
cover.  This  would  be  the  beginning  of 
the  true  sagger — a  chamber  within  a 
chamber. 

The  coming  of  the  sagger  is  strongly 
associated  with  two  great  changes  in  the 
structure  of  most  vessels:  the  disappear- 
ance of  spur  marks,  and  the  replacing 
of  flat  or  beveled  flat  base  with  a  raised 
foot  rim.  During  the  Ming  and  Ching 
Dynasties  saggers  were  very  elaborate 
and  complicated  apparatus.  Some  were 
double  walled,  with  the  inner  wall  either 
very  porous  or  cut  in  screen-like  open 
work.  The  space  between  the  wall  may 
be  packed  with  charcoal,  sulphur,  or 
other  oxidation-reduction  agents.  Some 
had  special  openings  to  give  controlled 
"spots"  to  glazes.  Others  had  vents  for 
the  introduction  of  smoke  and  fumes. 
Still  others  had  special  arms  and  sup- 
ports for  holding  individual  movable 
parts,  such  as  the  links  in  a  porcelain 
chain. 

References,  Note* 

For  Articles  I  and  II,  "Chinese  Art" 
by  S.  W.  Bushell,  Victoria  and  Albert 
Museum,  second  edition,  third  reprint,  is 
still  the  best  work  for  giving  -a  descrip- 
tion of  the  difference  between  pottery 
and  porcelain.  It  is  almost  a  household 
set  among  the  British  Chinese  Art  enthu- 
siasts. It  is  in  great  need  of  revision  vo 
catch  up  with  recent  findings  on  Chit»e»e 
art. 

I  am  indebted  to  the  lectures  of  Mr. 
Edward  W.  Gifford,  curator  of  the 
Anthropological  Museum,  University  of 
California,  for  valuable  material  on 
primitive   pottery   in    Article   IV. 

The  material  for  the  first  half  of 
Article  V,  non-Chinese  firing  methods, 
is  derived  from  the  writings  of  Pro- 
fessor Camilia  H.  Wedgewood,  Sidney 
University. 

Erratum:  Badain  should  be  spelled 
Badarian. 

Answers:  Hand  modelled  vessels  were 
probably  made  by  taking  a  ball  of  moi«t 
clay  and  scooping  out  the  inside,  then 
enlarging  the  resultant  vessel  by  thinninj; 
the  wall.  The  Yang  Shao  period  three- 
legged  Honan  pottery  vessels  were  pro- 
bably hand  modelled.  The  three  legs  are 
hollow,  and  communicate  with  the  inside 
of  the  body,  probably  the  result  of  a 
(Continued  on   Page   14) 


December  27.  1935 


C  H  I NESE       DICEST 


Page  13 


SPORTS 


Fred  George  Woo 


CHINESE  SPORTSMEN'S  CLUB 

Chinese  Sportmen's  Club's  fishing 
members,  including  B.  K.  Chan,  Dr. 
Chang,  Dr.  Wong,  F.  Jow,  Winston  Lee, 
"Slim"  Young,  Tommy  Leong,  Lim 
Wing,  Red  Won,  Dr.  Fong,  A.  Low,  Leo 
Chan,  Wong  Hong,  Sam  Wong,  J. 
Chang,  Y.  Fook,  Mack  and  Quon  Soo 
Hoo,  and  others,  report  that  their  sea- 
son  up  to   date   has  been   very  successful. 

Although  some  of  the  members  are 
known  as  "Black  Bottom"  (or  in  the 
common  vernacular,  "Jinks")  ,  fishes 
were  so  plentiful  that  even  the  "Blacks" 
have  caught  their  limits  of  striped  bass, 
black  bass,   cod,  and  salmon. 

From  around  the  bay  region  and  the 
various  sloughs  of  the  delta  regions, 
these  never-say-die  fishermen  are  as  crazv 
as  they  come.  On  week-ends  and  holi- 
days, they  would  be  found  congregated 
at  "Sam  Wo"  in  the  wee  hours  of  the 
morning  for  congee  before  starting  out 
to  fi=h.  They  would  fish  anytime  from 
Saturday  after  midnight  to  the  following 
night  about  five  or  six  o'clock.  However, 
there  is  always  compensation  for  the  dili- 
gent boys. 

After  every  trip,  they  would  adjourn 
to  a  well-known  restaurant  and  have  "a 
meal  fit  for  kings",  that  is,  "Hong  Sil 
Loo  Yee"  (broiled  striped  bass,  Chinese 
style,  by  Tao  Yuen  Restaurant),  and 
"Jing  Marng  Cho"  (or  steamed  black 
bass) . 

•  • 

Another  Chinese  youngster  out  for 
basketball  in  high  school  is  Henry 
Whoe,  a  Commercite.  Henry  is  trying  to 
make  the  130-pound  team,  and  has  made 
a  strong  showing  so  far. 
•  • 

And  lest  you  forget,  the  Chitena 
Roller  Skating  Party  will  be  held  Dec. 
30,   in   the    evening,  at  Dreamland   Rink. 

•  • 

Out  at  the  San  Francisco  State  Teach- 
ers' College,  Paul  Wong,  who  plays  for 
the  Chi-Fornians,  is  on  the  Varsity  bas- 
ketball team,  while  Joe  Lee,  an  Oakland 
Chinese  boy,    made   the   State    145 's. 


Baseball   Personalities 

Art  Chinn  has  just  completed  his 
tenth  year  in  baseball.  Not  the  fastest 
man  on  the  team,  Art  is,  nevertheless, 
a  dependable  fielder  and  a  steady  hitter, 
who  plays  left-field. 

A  mighty  mite  is  Allie  Wong  who 
covers  the  center-field  position.  Allie  is 
a  southpaw  chucker.  He  is  Wa  Sung'i 
leading  slugger  with  a  batting  average 
of  .409,  and  a  veteran  on  the  Technical 
High  Varsity  Nine.  Last  year  Allie 
journeyed  to  New  Orleans  with  the 
Oakland  Post  of  the  American  Legion 
nine. 

Tom  Hing  is  the  only  ambidextrous 
batter  on  the  team.  He  is  an  outfielder, 
and  hits  either  left  handed  or  right- 
handed  with  equal  efficiency. 

The  president  of  the  club,  Joe  Lee,  is 
the  third  sacker  and  the  possessor  of  a 
very  strong  thowing  arm.  He  insists  that 
he  made  his  sweater  at  the  S.  F.  State 
Teachers'  College. 

Ralph  Lieu  is  one  of  the  stellar  pitch- 
ers who  has  perfected  a  mean  and  cute 
slow  ball  that  baffles  the  opposition. 
Frank  Dun,  who  is  vice-president  of  the 
club,  is  a  swell  rightfielder,  and  a  poten- 
tial hard  hitter.  We'll  hear  more  about 
his   slugging  feats  in  the  near  future. 

Eddie  Hing,  an  outfielder,  is  one  of 
the  speediest  men  on  the  squad.  He's 
the  man  who  beat  out  more  grounders 
than  anyone  on  the  entire  team.  And 
believe  it  or  not,  Eddie  says  he  can  sing, 
too. 

Rob*rt  Chow  and  Sung  Wong  are  two 
utility  men  who  are  dependable.  Their 
specialty  is  pinch-hitting  when  a  base 
knock  is  needed. 

•  • 

Two  Chinese  teams,  the  Blue  Eagles 
and  the  Dragons,  both  hundred  pound 
teams,  are  represented  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
Decathlon,    in   Division    B. 

PALICLIQUE  PLAYS  NULITE 

Paliclique  Club's  cage  team  of  Palo 
A'to  makes  its  appearance  in  San  Fran. 
cisco  this  Friday  at  the  Francisco  School 
Gv-m  when  it  plays  the  local  Nulite  A.  C. 
Tho  game  will  start  at  8:00  p.  m.  and  the 
publ'c  is  invited. 

Palo  Alto's  starting  line-up  has  been 
announced  as  follows:  Forwards,  Won 
Loy  Chan  and  John  Chuck;  center, 
T^rr.mv  Tew;  guards,  Bill  Quon  and  Ray 
Cht'W.  Nulite's  line-up:  Chew  and  Jue 
at  forward;  Wong  at  center;  and  Gee 
and  Dan  Leong  at  guard. 


Third  Week  of 
League  Play 

Wah  Ying  Basketball  Tournament's 
third  week  of  competition  finds  the 
Troop  3  Scout  Seniors  playing  the  Scout 
Juniors  in  the  first  game  of  the  after- 
noon this  Sunday,  while  in  the  second, 
the  Nulite  A.  C.  tangles  with  the  Chi- 
Fornian  Club. 

Scout  Seniors  is  a  certainty  to  win, 
although  those  Juniors  may  make  things 
rather  uncomfortable  for  their  big  bro- 
thers. This  contest  is  interesting  in  that 
it  will  give  us  an  idea  of  the  comparative 
strength  of  the  two  teams.  Shangtai  de- 
feated the  Juniors  50-24,  and  their  play- 
ers want  to  see  how  much  stronger  the 
Seniors  are  over  the  Juniors. 

The  Nulite-Chi-Fornian  setto  should 
turn  out  to  be  very  interesting.  Having 
practiced  hard  for  the  past  two  weeks, 
the  Chi-Fornians  are  determined  to  ring 
up  a  win   over  the   Nulites. 

Tentative  starting  line-up  for  the  two 
squads: 

NULITE:  CHI-FORNIANS: 

Jue  F.  T.    Lee 

Ho  F.  Hall 

D.   Leong  C.  P.   Wong 

Louie  G.  J.    Lee 

Gee  G.  D.    Chinn 

Last  Week's  Results 

Results  of  last  week's  two  league  games 
a*-e  Shangtai  54,  Chi-Fornians  33;  Nu- 
ll-? A.  C.  78,  Scout  Juniors,   19. 

That  Shangtai  game  was  a  wow. 
Sh->n<?tai  team  did  not  win  as  easily  as 
the  final  score  indicated;  it  managed  to 
"'in  af-ir  a  hard,  hard  battle.  Score  at 
the  half  intermission  was  22-22,  so  just 
imagine,  the  Chi-Fornians  outplaying 
and  outclassing  their  opponents  in  the 
entire  first  half.  All  tired  out  in  the  last 
o"arrer.  the  losers  failed  to  cope  with 
th°    avalanche    of    baskets    the    Shangtais 

Stars  for  Shancrtai  were  Charlie  Hing 
,->nH  Fred  Gok  with  twelve  points  each, 
vh;!e  Fred  Wong  sank  eleven.  Lee  Po 
.a"d  Gf-oree  Lee  also  turned  in  a  good 
™->me  Ted  Lee  of  Chi-Fornians  was  high 
cr~-ar  for  the  contest,  scoring  13  points, 
'"'lowed  bv  Vic  Wong  with  five.  Frank 
CVov   ->nd  Jack  Lee  also  played  well. 

Nulite  staged  a  strong  second-half 
-->1v  to  overtake  rhe  ScOut  Juniors  to 
»•••'->.  after  trailing  16-8  at  half.  Jue  with 
ricrht  points.  Chew  with  seven  and  Leong 
with  six  were  the  Nulite's  mainstays.  For 
rh"  ScoMts.  Charles  Low  was  outstanding 
>•  ■•'h  eiqht  d'qits,  while  Al  Young  and 
F-"d   Wong  also  turned  in  a   good  game. 


Pjge   14 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


December  27,   1935 


SPORTS 


San  Jose  to 

Play  Young  China 

San  Jose's  Chinese  Student  Club  bas- 
ketball team  will  engage  the  Young  Chi- 
nese Athletic  Club  of  Oakland  on  Dec. 
29.  The  probable  starting  lineup  for  the 
peninsula  team  is  named  as  follows: 
Forwards,  Gaius  Shew  and  James  Chow; 
center,  Steve  Chow;  guards,  Jimmy  Lee 
and  Harry  Lee.  All  five  players  are  form- 
er star*  of  the-  San  Jose  High  School, 
while  the  Lee  brothers  were  chosen  AU- 
Peninsula  during  their  last  year  of  com- 
petition. 

Any  team  in  the  Bay  Region  wishing 
to  arrange  a  contest  with  the  San  Jose 
Club  is  asked  to  write  to  Manager  Gluyas 
Lee,  99  North  5  Street,  San  Jose. 


.    ST.  MARY'S  A.  C.  ESTABLISHED 

The  St.  Mary's  Athletic  Club  was 
officially  launched  last  Sunday  afternoon 
at  a  party  held  in  the  auditorium  of  the 
Catholic  Chinese  Social  Center.  More 
than  60  of  the  85  charter  members  were 
present.  John  Chinn,  chairman  of  this 
new  club,  acted  as  master  of  ceremonies, 
and  opened  the  meeting  with  a  talk  out- 
lining its  aims  and   prospects. 

Present  also  was  Father  Johnson, 
director  of  the  Social  Center,  who  in  his 
speech  emphasized  the  fact  that  the  S. 
M.  A.  C.  should  aim  at  the  highest 
ideals  of  sportsmanship,  fair  play,  team 
work,,  and  inter.group  harmony  at  all 
times.  He  also  stated  that  when  the  mem- 
bets  of  the  club  have  proven  themselves 
good  and  worthy  athletes  that  every  op- 
portunity will  be  afforded  them  to  dev- 
elop- their  skill. 

John  Chinn  announced  that  five  bas- 
ketball teams,  from  80  to  130  pounds, 
have  been  formed,  and  that  a  coach  will 
be  secured  soon  to  train  them.  Initiation 
fees  are  twenty-five  cents,  and  monthly 
dues  are  ten  cents  for  each  member. 
Charge  for  lockers  are  ten  cents  a  month, 
and  five  cents  for  each  shower.  The 
meeting  concluded  with  distribution  of 
membership  cards  and  refreshments. 
•  • 

ALFRED    B.   CHONC 

A  HAPPY  NEW  YEAR 

INSURANCE 

Special    Agent 

Kansas     C'ly     Life    Insurance    Co. 

Office  SUtter  3995;   Re*.  PRoapect   813} 

111     Sutter    St.,    San    Francisco 


Scouts  Beat  Lowa 

Before  a  large  crowd  at  the  French 
court  last  Sunday  night,  Troop  Three 
Scout  Seniors  scored  a  24-22  victory 
over  the  Lowa  Athletic  Club  of  Los  An- 
geles, to  remain  undefeated  so  far  this 
season. 

Captain  Earl  Wong  with  15  points, 
was  the  spark  plug  who  carried  the 
Scouts  to  win,  followed  by  Henry  Kan 
with  eight!  The  other  point  was  scored 
by  Don  Lee. 

For  the  southern  team,  Captain 
George  Tong  was  the  mainstay  and  high 
scorer,  with  eight  points,  while  George 
Lee  "  scored  seven.  Richard  Hong  also 
played  a  good  game. 

•  • 

CERAMIC  ART 

(Continued  from  Page  12) 
pushing  out  process.  It  may  have  been 
modelled  after  a  bronze  li.  Primitive  pot- 
tery was  sometimes  moulded  by  slapping 
a  "pancake"  shaped  piece  of  moist  clay 
over  an  inverted  jar  or  a  piece  of  globu- 
lar shaped  rock.  The  Chou  Dynasty 
"rope  impression"  vessels  resemble  the 
Pueblo  corrugated  wares,  but  are  not 
produced  by  the  coil  method.  Chou  Dyn- 
asty records  already  spoke  of  "wheelers 
and  moulders". 

Copyrighted,   1935,  by  Chingwah  Lee. 
(Next     Week:     How     to     Study     Spur 
Marks.) 

•  • 

CHINESE  INVENTIONS 

(Continued  from  Page  6) 
cards  and  dominoes  were  undoubtedly 
introduced  into  Europe  during  the 
Mongol  invasion,  when  both  Mongol 
soldiers  and  Chines^  staff  members  car- 
ried cards  with  them  into  Europe.  Chi. 
nese  artisans  who  settled  in  Tabriz  and 
other  Persian  towns  also  assisted  in  itt 
dissemination.  Mah  jong  being  such  a 
complicated  game,  it  did  not  leave  China 
until  our  time.  The  game  is  destined  for 
a  revival  in  the  West.  (Next  week: 
China  Had  the  First  League  of  Nations.) 


SEASON'S  CREETINCS 

Happy  and   Prosperous  New  Year 

THE 

JADE 

BEAUTY  SHOP 

850  JACKSON 

ST  -  CHina  2233 

iiiiimmiummiiimigjiinimujiimim:                             nir.in.ni.ift 

CHINESE  STUDENTS 
(Continued    from    Page   9) 

In  Tientsin,  the  several  thousand  stu- 
dents of  the  Nankai  Middle  School 
swung  into  line.  Students  in  Shanghai, 
Nanking,  and  Wuhan  followed  immedi- 
ately, adding  more  than  10,000  youths 
to   the  movement. 

In  Nanking,.  3000  of  them  picketed 
government  buildings  and  demanded 
military  action  to  save  North  China!  In 
the  other  larger  cities  the  students  dem- 
onstrated and  harangued  the  populace, 
passing  printed  propaganda,  and  send- 
ing telegrams  and  representatives  to 
rally  more  students.  As  the  movement 
gathered  increasing  momentum  and  as 
their  patriotic  fervor  reached  the  point 
of  hysteria,  the  students  in  Peiping 
threw  reason  and  prudence  to  the  winds 
and  began  to  incite  riots.  Bloodshed  was 
inevitable.  The  forces  of  law  and  order 
were  not  heeded.  The  police  attempted 
to  drive  back  the  demonstrators  with 
clubs  and  bayonets.  From  fire  hoses 
steady  streams  of  rushing  water  was  em- 
ployed to  disperse  the  students.  As  the 
melee  died  down,  ten  of  the  youths  were 
found  killed  and  more  than  a  dozen 
seriously    injured. 

No  Let-Down  in  Sight 

But  the  demonstrations  went  on,  now 
more  heated  and  furious  than  ever  be- 
fore. Peiping,  within  and  without  the  city 
gates,  became  in  a  few  days  a  city  of 
rioting  students. 

In  Tientsin,  370  students  of  the  Nan- 
kai school  decided  on  a  concerted  "death 
march"  to  Nanking,  600  miles  south- 
ward. Carrying  a  blanket  each  to  brave 
the  freezing  winter  cold-  they  intended 
to  march  on  foot  to  the  capital  to  plead 
with  the  government  to  take  action 
against  autonomy  in  the  north.  It  was  a 
spectacular  action,  but  it  was  futile,  for 
before  they  had  got  very  far  authorities 
took  action  and  summarily  ordered  them 
back  to  their  homes. 

And  up  to  this  week  the  country's 
aroused  students  continued  their  agita- 
tions unabated.  Classrooms  remained 
empty  and  school  books  were  completly 
forgotten,  for  once  more,  as  in  1919,  the 
students  have  again  taken  up  the  respon- 
sibility of  rousing  the  country  to  action 
■gainer  imminent  Japanese  invasion  into 
China  proper. 

Of  the  probable  effects  of  this  new 
student  movement,  a  further  chapter  will 
be  taken  up   in   this  column  next  week 


December.  27;  1935: 


CHINESE      p ICES J 


r.ga   15 


SAMPAN  AND  CARAVAN 


UNIQUE  GRADUATION  ON  BOAT 

An  innovation,  in  graduation  exercises 
was  performed  when  the  HazMore 
School  of  Dress  presented  Miss  Rose 
Tom  her  diploma  aboard  the  Steamer 
Lurline  on  which  she  sailed  Dec.   18. 

The  class  came  en  masse  to  witness 
this  ceremony  and  to  wish  their  friend 
a  bon'  voyage.  Miss  Tom  has  been  attend- 
ing the  school  since  her  arrival  from 
Honolulu  a  year  ago.  The  regular  class 
will  graduate  some  time  in  Jan.  1936 
after  ;  the  school  has  been  renovated. 
Among  those  graduating  then  will  be: 
Misses  Rosie  Chinn,  Edna  K.  Choy,  and 
Yim  Ling. 

•  • 
Olive  Wong  Returns 

Olive  Y.  Wong  returned  to  San  Fran- 
cisco fast  week  aboard  the  S.  S.  Coolidge 
from  China,  where  she  sojourned  for  a 
lengthy  vacation.  Olive  is  remembered 
as  one  of  the  most  enthusiastic  tennis, 
baseball,  and  basketball  players  among 
the  girls. 

•  • 


HEAD    OF  NANKING   MINT  SAILS 

Mr.  Chung  Mong  Yin,  a  Hawaiian- 
born  Chinese,  and  his  wife  stopped  at 
San  Francisco  for  a  brief  visit  ^en  route 
to  China.  Mr.  Chung,  who  is  head  of 
the  coining  Department  of  the  Central 
Mint  at  Nanking,  is  returning  to  the  Far 
East  after  having  stayed  in  the  Eastern 
states  since  last  March,  studying  the 
American    method   of    coining. 


ii.juunniinHinHiinuimumiii! 


SEASON'S  GREETINGS 

NEW 

CENTURY 

BEVERAGE 

CO. 

Manufacturers  of 

Orange  Crush 

Champagne  Cider 

Belfast  Products 


820  Pacific  St. 


DOuglas  0547 


San  Francisco,  California 

"~ t "-"t"""""'"""iliininiinHrllnMulnmim 


THE  THOUGHTFUL  GIFT 

Arc  you  wondering  what  you  will  give  HIM,  HER  or  THEM 
for  the  year?  Then,  may  we  suggest  a  gift  which  will  not  only 
give  the  recipient  a  wealth  of  enjovable  reading,  but  also  serve  as 
a  weekly  reminder  of  YOU  throughout  the  year? 

It  will  be  educational,  stimulating,  and  chock  full  of  every- 
day news  of  interest, 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  THE  Thoughtful  Gift. 

EIGHT  MONTHS  FOR  ONE  DOLLAR 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Enclosed   please  find  the   sum   of  (dollars)    for 

which    send  your  special    gift  offer    for   eight   months'  sub- 
scription to 


NAME  

ADDRESS       - 

CITY 

SENDER'S  NAME 

ADDRESS 

CITY 
NAME 

ADDRESS  - 

CITY  

SENDER'S  NAME 

ADDRESS    

CITY 


STATE 


STATE 


STATE 


STATE 


868  Washington  St.,  San   Francisco 


DIRECTORY  OF  CHINESE 
BAZAARS 


CITY  OF  HANKOW, 

406  Grant  Avenue — ■', 

Antiques,    silk,   tea,   ginger,    gifts 
SUEY  CHONG  COMPANY, 
515  Grant  Avenue — 

Slippers,    pajamas,   antiques. 
CHINESE  ART  SHOP, 
444  Grant  Avenue — 

Garments,  jewelry,  gifts. 
PEKING  BAZAAR, 
458  Grant  Avenue — 

Decorative    art,    furniture,    gifts 
KWONG  TUNG  BAZAAR 
528   Grant  Avenue 

Curios,    novelties,    ornaments. 
CHINA  MERCANTILE  CO. 

543  Grant  Avenue — 

Silk  goods,   souvenirs,  curios. 
CHINA  TRADING  COMPANY 
531   Grant  Avenue — 

Porcelain,    tableware,    gifts. 
KWONG  SANG  COMPANY 
540    Grant  Avenue — 

Art  goods,  prizes,  pajamas. 
GUMLING  COMPANY, 

544  Grant   Avenue — 

Robes,   silk   goods,   decorations. 
FOOCHOW  COMPANY, 
550  Grant  Avenue — 

Curios,   novelties,  souvenirs. 
TIENTSIN  BAZAAR, 
564   Grant  Avenue — 

Baskets,    rattan    and    wickerwork 
SING  CHONG  BAZAAR, 
601  Grant  Avenue — 

Ceramics,    cloissonne,    silk 
CANTON  BAZAAR, 
616  Grant  Avenue — 

Furniture,    chests,   vases,    bronzes. 
SHANGHAI  BAZAAR, 
645  Grant  Avenue — 

Chinaware,    curios,   novelties. 
WAH  SANG  LUNG, 
667   Grant  Avenue — 

Furniture,   antiques,    ivory    goods. 
CHINA-WARE  SHOP, 
700    Grant   Avenue — 

Chinaware,     curios,     confections 
W.  YOUNG  COMPANY, 
843    Grant  Avenue — 
Brassware,  rattanware. 
CHEW  CHONG  TAI, 
905  Grant  Avenue — 

Silk  hangings,  robes,  slippers. 
THE  BOWL  SHOP, 
95  3    Grant   Avenue — 

Porcelain,    slippers,    curios,    gifts. 

TAI  CHONG  COMPANY, 

743  Jackson  Street — 

Jewelry,    art    objects,   embroidery 


gifts. 


fage  T6 


CHINESE      DIC  EST 


December  27.   1935 


ROOS 

- 

Mm 

sjfua 

m        TIL.     -Xg^-  V         JiaSfi 

Im&L'-'--''' M~  :*';'                 *^i 

&          f 

THE    ROOS  T5    ffPW 

MIDNIGHT  BLUE 

TUXEDO! 

"Believe  it  or  not,"  but  under  lights  this  Mid- 

night Blue  is  blacker  than  black  itself.  Tailored 

in  the  smart,  double-breasted  style.  Doubly 

popular,  because  so  many  more  men  .  .  .  every- 

where .  .  .  are  getting  the  dinner-    $0%  ■■ 
jacket  habit  for  after-six 4m^M 

©Rooalkoa 

SAN  FRANCISCO  •  OAKLAND  •  HOLLYWOOD  •  BERKELEY 

FRESNO  •  SAN  JOSE  •  PALO  *LTO 

/  i£- 


£//£- 


<3 


«HSE57 


CIS  t 


COMW£»T  -  -    SOCIAL  •  •  SPO,- 
HEWS  »  •  CULTUae  •   »    (.ITERftTUW       sau  «MMCisco.CMif»«m»  ]£ 


Vol.  3,   No.  1 


January,  1937 


Ten  Cents 


THE  COMING  GENERATION 


Interesting  indeed  is  school  to  the  present-day  Chinese  children.  All  day  long  they  may  be  seen  at  the 
American  public  schools.  A  brief  hour  or  so,  and  most  of  them  are  on  their  way  to  attend  Chinese  classes 

(See  Editorial  Comment) 


Page  2 

CHINESE      DIGEST 

January,   19: 

SOCIOLOGICAL 

DATA 

A  SURVEY  OF  EARLY  CHINESE- 
AMERICAN   RELATIONS 


By  MISS  ALICE  P.  FONG 

The  study  of  the  commonwealth  of 
California,  a  veritable  nation  in  itself 
from  the  very  beginning,  unfolds  un- 
limited and  untold  fields  of  research  into 
its  fascinating  history.  The  peopling  of 
this  charming  chosen  land  of  the  Pacific, 
for  instance,  reveals  an  interesting  pa- 
geant of  humanity  at  once  fantastic  and 
illuminating.  The  part  played  in  this 
pageant  by  the  Chinese,  as  a  race  and  as 
individuals,  has  occupied  the  minds  or 
writers  and  research  students  of  the  East 
and  West  from  the  earliest  period  of 
human  recordings  down  to  the  present 
time. 

In  the  light  of  present  inadequate  re- 
search respecting  the  antiquity  and  mi- 
grations of  man,  some  facts  or  deduced 
opinions  from  myths  and  beliefs  through- 
out the  world  regarding  him,  may  be 
taken  as  truths  and  some,  certainly,  as 
revealing  indications  worthy  of  further 
speculation  and  study.  Interpretations 
of  some  of  the  legendary  accounts  of  the 
Chinese,  a  field  vast  in  significance,  by 
early  European  writers  of  the  early  18th 
century,  linked  China  and  America  in 
its  discovery  by  Chinese  explorers  in  the 
fifth  century  A.  D.  (Narrative  and  Cri- 
tical History  of  America.  Vol.  I  Pre- 
Columbia  Explorations).  Furthermore, 
17th  century  inquirers  into  the  origin  of 
man  in  America  (Origin  and  Antiquity 
of  Man  in  America  —  Vol.  I  of  above 
book)  early  pointed  to  Asia  as  the  home 
of   the  American   ancestor. 

Be  this  as  it  may,  nevertheless,  we  do 
have  definite  knowledge  regarding  the 
widespread  relations  of  the  Chinese  for 
a  period  of  over  2,000  years  (China  and 
the  West  —  Chapter  XV).  In  this 
period  of  trading  abroad,  the  Chinese 
have  established  colonies  all  over  the 
world. 

Ancient  Chinese  junks  explored  the 
Pacific  Coast  into  the  Equatorial  regions, 
plied  into  the  Red  Sea,  the  Indian  Ocean 
and  points  westward.  By  land,  the  Chi- 
nese penetrated  eastward  in  all  directions. 
In  the  days  when  the  Roman  civilization 
flourished,  Chinese  silks,  spices,  and  o- 
ther  luxuries  had  made  their  appearance 
in  the  Wetern  hemisphere  and  gained 
widespread  interest  in  China.  This  in- 
terest was  later  to  culminate  in  a  feverish 
period  of  western  exploration  and  search 
for  new  passages  to  China  after  the  fate- 
ful domination  and  termination  of  the 
Eastern  caravan  routes  by  the  emergence 


of  Turkish  power.  Thus,  with  the  discov- 
ery of  a  western  passage,  the  world  was 
made  round.  The  world  moves  and  its 
peoples  spread  over  her  resulting  in  hu- 
man  inter-relationships   of  every  kind. 

Electrified   by    the   slogan   "On    to    Ca- 
thay",   the   Portuguese,    the  Spanish,   the 
Ehitch,     the    Italians,     and     the    English 
went    to     China     and     established     trade 
relations   with    her  during  the    15  th  cen- 
tury.     Following    the    French,    the    Russ- 
ians,   and    the    Germans,    the    Americans 
were    the    last   of   the   European   races    to 
arrive  in  search  of  her  trade  (China  and 
the   West  —  Chapters  VI  and   VII). 
The    year    1784    is    significant    in    the 
annals  of   Chinese   -   American   relations. 
The     American     clippers,    early    symbols 
of    maritime    strength    of    the    new    Am- 
erican nation,   began   vigorously   to   com- 
pete with  English   shipping   and  trade  at 
this    time.       The     "Empress    of    China", 
commanded    by     Captain     Green,     sailed 
from  New  York  with  a  cargo  of  Ameri- 
can ginseng,   and   herbal   root   found  effi- 
cacious   to    the    Indians   and  the   Chinese 
as    medicine,   and   arrived   in    Canton    on 
August   28th,    1784.      Diplomatic  Samuel 
Shaw  acted  as  supercargo  and  established 
immediate  trade  relations  with  China   on 
a     par     with     other     European     nations. 
This    relationship    increased    as    carrying 
trade  of  American  ships  of  Chinese  careo 
for   the   American    Pacific    coast  and    the 
Atlantic  seaboard  i-r.proved.     Immediate- 
ly    afrer     this    period,    Amerrican     trade 
contacts    with    China    became    more    sig- 
nificant.    So  much  so  that  in   1786,  Sam- 
uel Shaw  was  appointed  by  the  American 
Continental  Congress  to  be  the  first  Am- 
erican consul  to  be   attached   to  any   for- 
eign land,   to  China   to  safeguard  further 
expansion   of   American   trade.      Further- 
more,   Asa    Whitney,     (Builders    of    the 
Nation  Series:  The  Railroad.  Vol  I)  a 
New    York    merchant,    returning    from    a 
residence    in    China    from    1830    to    1835. 
was    the    first    to   dream    of   a   continental 
railroad     to    connect    the     Atlantic    with 
the   Pacific   and   China  in  the  interest  of 
capturing  the  Oriental  trade.  His  breadth 
of  vision   caused  him   to  realize  the  mag- 
nitude  of    this    idea  and    to   want    to    ex- 
pand   these    pregnant    trade    possibilities 
for  the  United  States.  However,  although 
he  gave   his   life,  his  enthusiasm,   and  his 
whole   fortune  to   this   aim,  it  was  not  to 
be    realized    until    many   years   later. 

In  Chinese  early  relations  with  other 
peoples,  there  had  always  been  inter- 
course of  ideas  as  well  as  commodities 
(The  International  Relations  of  the 
Chinese  Empire.  Vol.  I).  Therefore, 
the    next  date   of   importance    in   Chinese 


American  relations  is  1847.  On  April 
2nd  of  that  year,  China  sent  her  first 
three  students  to  New  York  to  study 
American  life  and  insitutions.  These 
first  students,  fore-runners  of  many  more 
to  come  later  to  win  a  better  under- 
standing of  the  far  east  and  a  more 
sympathetic  endorsement  of  the  aspira- 
tions of  the  Chinese,  were  enrolled  in 
schools  in  Massachusetts  (The  Chinese 
Abroad,  pp.  240-267).  Yung  Wing, 
one  of  the  three,  stayed  to  graduate  from 
Yale,  the  first  Chinese  to  graduate  from 
an  American  college,  while  the  other  two 
went  on  to  Europe  for  advanced  study. 
Upon  graduation,  he  returned  to  China, 
encouraged  more  students  to  studv  in  Am- 
erica. In  1872,  Yung  Wing  headed  a 
mission  of  30  students  to  America  to 
study,  paving  the  way  for  their  successors 
to  discover  a  common  ground  for  inter- 
racial harmony  and  cooperation  in  hu- 
man welfare  and  relationship  between 
China    and    the   United   States. 

American  trade  relations  with  China 
as  compared  with  those  of  the  Europeans, 
had  always  been  pleasant.  She  had  no 
colonial  ambitions  and  her  policy  was 
never  aggressive.  However,  absorbed  in 
the  opening  of  the  west  due  to  gold  dis- 
coveries, and  later,  the  Civil  War,  her 
interest  in  Chinese  trade  began  to  de- 
cline noticeably.  While  on  the  other 
hand,  economic  rivalry  and  political  in- 
trigues of  the  foreign  nations  in  China, 
caused  China  to  despair  of  such  foreign 
intercourse  and  entanglements.  Subse- 
quent events  led  to  rapid  and  successive 
unbalancing  of  the  equilibrium  of  China 
causing  great  migrations  of  her  people. 
In  1848,  an  American  merchant  (Chi- 
nese —  Chapter  IV)  family  returning 
from  China,  brought  the  first  three  Chi- 
nese, 2  men  and  one  woman,  to  the  Pa- 
cific Coast  and  landed  them  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. Further  migration  of  traders  fol- 
lowed. These  early  peaceable  immi- 
grants formed  a  respectable  and  well- 
liked  section  in  the  turbulent  gold-rush 
days  of  unsettled  Yerba  Buena.  Recog- 
nizing the  worth  of  these  unobtrusive 
strangers  as  a  valuable  adjunct  to  the 
life  of  the  city,  Mayor  Geary,  Vice  Con- 
sul Woodworth,  and  Reverend  Albert 
Williams  held  a  novel  and  interesting 
ceremony  on  Portsmouth  Square  on  Au- 
gust 28,  1850,  to  invite  them  to  join  in 
the  city's  funeral  ceremonies  to  be  held 
the  following  day  for  President  Taylor, 
and  presented  them  with  religious  tracts, 
books  and  papers  printed  in  Chinese,  as 
a  gesture  of  goodwill  and  friendship 
(Annals  of  San  Francisco  -  pp  287-288)  - 
(To  Be   Continued) 


January,  1937 


CHINESE      DICEST 


Page  3 


FAR     EAST 


PRESENT  POLITICAL 
CRISIS  IN  CHINA 

The  action  of  Rebel  Marshal  Chang 
Hsueh-liang  in  detaining  Generalissimo 
Chiang  Kai-shek  at  Sian-fu,  Shensi  prov- 
ince, is  clearly  an  issue  of  a  warlord 
defying  the  authority  of  the  central  gov- 
ernment. The  young  marshal  did  not 
realize  that  the  course  of  action  which 
he  is  pursuing  is  exactly  what  the  central 
government  is  dedicated  under  the  teach- 
ings and  inspiration  of  Dr.  Sun  Yat-sen 
to  exterminate  in  China.  The  present 
attitude  of  the  government  in  not  order- 
ing the  punitive  expedition  to  Sian-fu  is 
not  the  plea  of  General  Chiang  to  avoid 
a  civil  war,  but  to  give  Madame  Chiang 
and  T.  V.  Soong  time  to  exhaust  the 
pending    negotiations. 

Acting  Premier  H.  H.  Kung,  although 
a  brother-in-law  of  the  detained  General, 
clearly  expressed  the  attitude  of  the  gov- 
ernment in  a  radio  broadcast  from  Nan- 
king that  the  life  of  one  individual — 
however  valuable — will  not  deter  the  gov- 
ernment from  enforcing  its  orders.  Chang 
Hsueh-liang  was  impeached  by  the  Con- 
trol Yuan  and  stripped  of  all  govern- 
ment posts,  and  regardless  of  the  out- 
come of  the  present  negotiations,  he  will 
be  punished  by  the  government  for  his 
act. 

The  Far  Eastern  observer  of  the  Chi- 
nese Digest  listed  the  following  possible 
motives  for  the  action  of  Chang  Hseuh- 
liang  in  detaining  Generalissimo  Chiang 
Kai-shek  at  Sian-fu: 

1.  He  is  a  rich  man's  son  who  has 
enjoyed  all  the  privileges  of  wealth.  Per- 
haps his  act  was  prompted  by  a  desire 
for  personal  exaltation,  a  desire  to  re- 
gain the  prestige  he  had  lost  with  the 
loss   of   Manchuria. 

2.  His  soldiers,  having  lost  their  home 
in  Manchuria  and  being  poor  men  at 
best,  may  have  listened  sympathetically  to 
Communist  propaganda.  Perhaps  Chang 
Hseuh-liang  may  have  had  the  co-opera- 
tion of  the  Chinese  Red  Armies  in  this 
move. 

3.  It  may  have  been  inspired  by  the 
Japanese,  desiring  the  collapse  of  China's 


SEASON'S    GREETINGS 

from  the 

COMFORT  SHOE 
STORE 

754  Grant  Ave.        CHina  2288 


reconstruction,     which      would     facilitate 
further   Japanese    aggression    in    China. 

4.  It  may  have  been  inspired  by  the 
Russians,  preferring  to  let  China  lead 
a  campaign  to  halt  the  Japanese  expan- 
sion on  the  continent.  General  Chiang 
was  detained  until  such  time  when  he 
would  declare  war  on  Japan. 

5.  It  may  be  the  result  of  internal  poli- 
tical manipulations  on  the  part  of  the 
Chinese  themselves  to  check  any  ambi- 
tions of  General  Chiang  to  become  a 
powerful   dictator. 

Whatever  may  be  the  motives  of  Chang 
Hseuh-liang,  foreign  or  domestic,  per- 
sonal or  patriotic,  he  has  been  adjudged 
by  the  government  as  a  rebel,  and  the 
concensus  of  opinion  of  the  Chinese  at 
home  and  abroad  concur.  Young  Chang 
was  sent  to  Shensi  province  to  suppress 
the  Communist  invaders,  and  the  laxity 
of  his  campaigns  brought  the  personal 
visit  of  the  Generalissimo  to  Sian-fu. 
There  Chang  shot  forty-six  of  the  fifty- 
two  high  military  officials  of  the  central 
government  in  cold  blood  and  detained 
the  Generalissimo  as  a   political  prisoner. 

In  1931,  while  Chang  was  in  Peipng, 
the  Japanese  attacked  Mukden  on  Sep- 
tember 18th,  and  his  subsequent  inaction 
and  indecision  led  to  the  loss  of  China's 
three  Northeastern  provinces.  He  would 
have  been  impeached  then,  and  stripped 
of  his  governmental  positions,  but  Gen- 
eral Chiang  spared  him  and  sent  him 
out  of  the  country  to  Europe.  Upon  his 
return  in  1933,  he  was  appointed  Vice- 
Commander-in-chief  of  the  Bandit  Sup- 
pression Forces,  and  given  high  positions 
in  the  Party  and  the  Government.  This 
was  done  in  accordance  to  an  old  Chinese 
political  principle  of  providing  good 
deeds  to  redeem  one's  evil  ways.  In- 
stead of  responding  to  the  alturism  of 
Generalissimo  Chiang,  the  irresponsible 
Marshal  is  paving  his  way  in  China's 
history    as   another    classical    traitor. 

Chang  Hsueh-liang  thought  the  central 


ARTHUR  CHONC 

OPTOMETRIST 


8  746  Grant  Ave. 


CHina  2131s 


government  would  yield  to  his  demands 
if  he  detained  the  Generalissimo,  but 
General  Ho  Ying-ching,  the  Minister  of 
War,  was  appointed  acting  Commander- 
in-chief  of  the  armed  forces  of  the  na- 
tion to  cope  with  the  emergency,  and 
the  central  government's  troops  and 
bombing  planes  surrounded  Sian-fu  with- 
in a  distance  of  twenty-five  miles.  Mili- 
tary commanders  telegraphed  their  loy- 
alty to  the  central  authorities  and  their 
denunciations  to  Chang  Hsueh-liang.  If 
necessary  the  government  troops  will  at- 
tack Sian-fu  even  at  the  risk  of  the  Gen- 
eralissimo's   life. 

The     unification     of     China     and     the 
strength    of    the    central    government    are       # 
no  longer  theories,  but  rapidly  becoming 
the  strength  of  a  modern  state. 


San     Francisco 


SEASON'S 
CREETI  NCS 


Dr.  Chang  W.  Lee 


SAN 
FRANCISCO 


Page  4 


CHINESE      DICEST 


CULTURE 


January,   1937 


CHINGWAH  LEE 


THE  WILLIAM  EDWARD  COLBY 
EXHIBIT 

''The  period  we  live  in  has  witnessed  the 
destruction  of  many  things  that  other  men 
created  and  fostered  with  the  whole  energy 
and  passion  of  which  human  beings  are  cap- 
able,  and   that   once  completed  they   held 
precious  and  preserved  until  a  young  and 
impatient  generation  destroyed  them.  Among 
these  the  fall  from  power  of  the  Emperor  of 
China,  who  bore  no  less  a  title  than  the  Son 
of  Heaven,  with  the  repudiation  of  the  tra- 
dition  which   has   been   fostered   for   four 
thousand  years  or  more  until  it  governed  the 
lives  of  some  four  hundred  millions  of  hu- 
man beings  is  the  most  tremendous  cultural 
cataclysm  in  the  history  of  the  world.  That 
gorgeous  court  whose  every  ceremony  was 
ordered  by  sumptuary  law  and  inextricably 
interwoven  with  the  thought  and  life  of  the 
race  has  been  swept  away,  and  we  have  left 
only  the  inanimate  shells  to  give  us  an  un- 
derstanding of  what  they  were  and  how  they 
lived.  Of  these,  the  clothes,  both  ordinary 
and  ceremonial  are  the  quickest  and  most 
universal,   for  they   appeal   to   the   instinct 
for  adornment  which  seems  natural  to  all 
life  .  .  ." 

— Alan  Priest  and  Pauline  Simmons,  in 
"Chinese  Textile"  Metropolitan  Mu- 
seum of  Art  Handbook. 


San  Francisco  is  fortunate  indeed  in  hav- 
ing an  exhibit  of  Chinese  textiles  from  the 
collection  of  William  Edward  Colby,  prom- 
inent attorney  of  this  city.  This  collection 
is  the  largest  private  one  in  the  United  States, 
and  the  largest  and  most  important  one  ever 
assembled  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

The  exhibit  on  display  this  year  repre- 
sents the  section  on  symbolic  priest  robes, 
temple  hangings,  and  related  fabrics.  Such 
speciment  are  seldom  seen  even  in  museums 
and  are  practically  non-existent  among  all 
but  the  most  exclusive  dealers  of  Far  Eastern 
art.  There  are  many  reasons  why  this  ex- 
hibit is  a  boom  to  all  connoisseurs  of  tex- 
tiles: 

1.  There  is  a  large  Imperial  Throne  Cur- 
tain which  measures  21  feet  wide  and  16  feet 
high.  Of  yellow  satin  brocade,  it  bears  the 
nine-dragon  pattern,  a  design  reserved  for 
the  Emperor  only.  It  belongs  to  the  Ch'ien 
Lung  period  and  was  originally  the  heir- 
loom of  Emperor  Hseun  Tung.  No  one  can 
behold  this  majestic  Throne  Curtain  without 
feeling  something  of  the  power  and  might 
of  hwang  ti.  Never  again  will  the  world  be 
able  to  create  another  brocade  like  this — 
not  unless  millions  of  gifted  subjects  bow 
once  more  before  a  monarch  with  unlimited 
resources. 

2.  The  sacred  textiles  are  particularly 
rich  in  color  and  symbolic  designs.  They 
stand  unrivalled  by  garments  the  world  over. 
The  barbaric  feather  cloaks  of  the  Aztec  and 
the  headdresses  of  the  Inca  priests  are  said  to 
have  the  same  brilliancy,  but  they  lack  the 
sublety  of  symbolic  designs  and  had  to  de- 
pend on  the  birds  for  their  colors.  "Once  a 
year  there  was  a  great  gathering  of  high 
priests  of  China,  usually  in  Peking.  On  such 


From  The  William  Edward  Colby  Collection 

K'o  suu  —  The  Last  Word  in  Tapestry.  Chen  Lung 
Period.  Visit  of  The  Queen  of  The  Western  Paradise 
in  The  Garden  of  Immortality. 


occasion  the  sheer  gorgeousness  of  display 
and  pageant  of  color  was  one  of  the  out- 
standing human  scene?  in  the  whole  history 
of  the  world,  rivalled  only  by  the  trapping? 


and  costumes  worn  on  gab  occasions  by  i  In- 
Imperial  Court  of  China  itself." 

3.    The  exhibit  is  well  represented  i>\  the 
la>t  word  in  the  various  types  represented 


January,  1937 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


Page  5 


CHINESE     TEXTILES 


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES 
AND  INVENTIONS 
Nos.    XXVI  -XXXI:    The    Chinese 
achieved  sericulture  and  the  bro- 
cade   loom;    originated    the    twill 
weave,  the  satin  weave,  and  other 
weaves;  devised  the  Peking  stitch, 
the  Peking  knot  stitch,  and  other 
embroidery  stitches. 
The  history  of  Chinese  textiles  has  yet  to 
be  written.  Rare  specimens  of  early  Chinese 
fabrics  are  closely  guarded  in  museums  at 
Nara,  New  Delhi,  Leningrad,  London,  and 
Berlin.  Until  data  on  these  materials  are  re- 
leased for  comparative  study,  little  can  be 
said  about  the  early  loom,  dye,  and  em- 
broidery technics.  Silk  textiles,  whose  origin 
probably  goes  back  to  the  plant  and  wool 
fabrics   of   the  near  and   middle   east   and 
thence  to  neolithic  basketry,  may  be  studied 
under  various  headings:  rugs,  brocades  and 
other  fabrics,  tapestry,  and  embroidery. 

According  to  popular  tradition  silk  cul- 
ture was  attributed  to  Empress  Hsi  Ling 
Shih,  consort  of  the  legendary  Emperor 
Huang  Ti  (2698-2798  B.C.),  and  tailored 
clothing  was  said  to  have  originated  at  that 
time  also.  "Previous  to  that,  men  went 
around  in  fur  and  hemn."  More  likely  seri- 

brocade,  velvet,  tapestry,  and  embroideries. 
"It  took  years  of  skilled  painstaking  labor  by 
artists  to  make  some  of  the  robes  on  exhibi- 
tion. The  combination  of  colors  are  made 
with  the  same  rare  judgment  that  character- 
ize the  best  in  Chinese  art."  For  example, 
there  is  a  satin  hanging  with  a  rich  plum 
black  color,  and  a  velvet  palace  carpet  hav- 
ing a  deep  cool  green  as  restful  as  a  new  cut 
lawn — an  answer  to  those  who  think  all 
things  Chinese  necessarily  have  vivid  colors. 
Some  of  the  textiles  date  back  to  the  Ming 
Dynasty. 

4.  The  rare  k'o  szu  or  silk  tapestry  is 
represented  by  some  marvelous  examples — 
specimens  which  Emperors  and  Mandarins 
would  have  treasured.  This  type  of  weave  is 
exclusively  Chinese,  and  the  art  of  making 
the  finer  type  is  gone  with  the  ebb  of  Dynas- 
tic power. 

5.  Of  interest,  too,  is  the  large  drum  in 
the  main  room,  over  six  feet  in  diameter,  the 
body  being  carved  from  a  single  section  of  a 
tree.  "This  great  drum  came  from  a  temple 
just  outside  Peking,  which  was  attended  by 
the  Imperial  family,  and  boomed  the  hours 
of  worship  for  upward  of  five  centuries.  It 
could  be  heard  for  miles." 

Silk  textiles  should  be  of  special  interest 
to  us  who  are  in  touch  with  the  bazaars  of 
Chinatown  and  so  are  in  a  position  to  collect 
at  least  some  of  the  embroideries.  The  rare 
ones  are  already  disappearing  from  the  mar- 
ket, and  one  day  we  will  awake  to  find  that 
classic  textiles  will  be  as  rare  as  classic  por- 
celain. Already  the  market  is  filled  with 
cheap  modern  "imitations."  The  reason  is 
obvious.  The  textile  centers,  such  as  Peiping, 
Tientsin,  and  Canton  have  already  been  sub- 
jected to  Western  influence,  and  gifted  young 
maidens  are  no  longer  willing  to  go  blind 
■over  seed  stitches. 


culture  had  its  start  about  3500  years  ago. 
Lexigrapher  Hsu  Shen  (died  120  A.D.) 
stated  that  no  ideograph  for  silk  occurred 
before  the  Chou  Dynasty  (1122  B.C.). 

Sir  Aurel  Stein  discovered  in  Chinese 
Turkestan  not  only  woolen  twill,  damask, 
tapestry,  and  pile  carpet  of  the  Han  Dynasty, 
(206  B.C-220  A.D.)  but  also  plain  silk  cloth 
(rip  weave),  figured  gauze  (leno  weave), 
figured  monochrome  damasks  (figure 
weave?) ,  and  polychrome  figured  silk  (wrap, 
twill  weave).  This  last  weave  was  copied 
successfully  by  the  Egyptians,  but  was  fin- 
ally introduced  into  Europe  during  the 
T'ang  Dynasty. 

Both  brocades  (silk  damask)  and  k'o  ssu 
(silk  tapestry)  probably  originated  during 
the  Han  Dynasty  also,  and  represents  the 
transfer  from  wool  to  silk  as  a  medium. 
Specimens  of  them  dates  only  to  the  Sung 
Dynasty,  although  references  were  made  cen- 
turies earlier.  Many  varieties  of  brocades 
are  made  today,  including  those  using  sil- 
ver and  gold  thread.  Many  elements  in  the 
Robert  and  Jacquard  looms  could  be  traced 
back  to  the  early  Chinese  brocade  looms. 

Some  of  the  finer  k'o  ssu  have  tied  welf 
ends,  resulting  in  a  two-faced  fabric — a 
very  painstaking  process.  If  duplicated  in 
wool,  a  foot-square  piece  of  k'o  suu  would 
be  approximately  eight  and  a  half  feet 
square  (allowing  780  silk  threads  and  90 
wool  threads  to  a  foot). 

Most  silk  fabrics  are  of  the  plain  weave 
crepe  de  Chine,  crepe  georgette,  silk  poplin, 
taffeta,  China  silk,  chiffon,  faille,  Shantung 
(Shan  Tung  tu  ssu  or  Shantung  tussore), 
and  pongee  (pen  chi).  The  satin  weave  have 
the  welt  go  over  three  every  time  it  goes 
under  one  wrap.  Modern  satin  weaves  in- 
clude satin,  charmeuse,  crepe  metior,  and 
peau  de  soie.  Foulard  is  the  only  twill  weave 
I  know. 

Satin,  said  to  be  named  after  a  Chinese 
city,  Zei-tun,  by  the  Arabs,  was  introduced 
into  Europe  during  the  Yuan  Dynasty.  At 
that  time  Chinese  textiles  revolutionized 
the  textile  designs  of  Italy,  and  hence  of  all 
Europe.  Many  of  the  Christian  sacred  robes 
were  made  to  order  in  China,  and  these  also 
were  under  strong  Chinese  influence. 

The  earliest  known  silk  velvet  dates  only 
to  the  Ming  Dynasty.  Speciment  included 
the  cut  voided  cloth  velvet (  plain  or  bro- 
caded), cisele  solid  velvet,  and  the  cut  solid 
twill  velvet.  The  technic  may  have  been  im- 
ported from  Persia. 

During  the  Han  Dynasty  the  Chinese  em- 
broiderers have  about  eight  embroidery 
stitches  (loop,  knot,  couched  twist,  ap- 
plique, satin,  stem,  buttonhole,  and  quilting 
stitches),  and  the  surprising  thing  is  that 
the  number  has  not  increased  much  during 
the  past  two  thousand  years. 

The  loop  or  chain  stitch  is  found  on  the 
first  Stein  discovery.  Many  variations  are 
in  use  today.  The  Peking  knot  stitch  (also 
known  as  the  seed  or  forbidden  stitch)  is  to 
be  distinguished  from  the  French  knot  in 
that  the  thread  of  the  former  is  twisted 
only  once  around  the  needle.  It  is  easily 
made  and  is  smaller  and  more  practicable 


than  the  French  knot. 

The  Peking  knot  should  also  be  distin- 
guished from  the  Peking  stitch.  The  latter 
is  done  by  working  a  line  of  slack  back 
stitches,  and  then  running  another  thread, 
either  of  the  same  or  of  another  color,  in  and 
out  of  the  back  stitches  in  the  form  of  a  row 
of  loops  without  the  thread  entering  the 
ground  fabric  except  to  fasten  on  and  off. 

The  simple  couched  stitch  is  often  seen  in 
combination  with  the  satin  and  split  stitch. 
The  couched  twist  stitch  is  made  by  twisting 
two  silk  threads  tightly  together  and  then 
couching.  Applique  is  embroidery  on  sepa- 
rate pieces  of  paper  or  scrim  for  fastening  to 
the  ground  fabric.  The  buttonhole  and  quilt- 
ing stitches  are  rarely  used  but  not  unknown. 
The  split,  the  cross,  and  the  back  stitches  are 
frequently  used.  The  er  mien  ti  ("two-face 
stitch")  of  the  Chinese  is  the  Holbein  stitch 
of  the  West. 

The  satin  stitch,  either  short  or  long,  is 
the  most  frequently  encountered  one.  The 
long  stitches  gives  the  design  a  "furry"  ap- 
pearance, especially  if  a  flossy  thread  is  used. 
Likewise,  solid  quilted  ground  appears  like 
a  piece  of  fur  or  felt.  Great  skill  was  lavished 
on  the  satin  stitches.  For  example,  encroach- 
ments are  made  to  form  definite  lines  which 
aid  in  giving  "structural  quality"  to  petals, 
butterfly  wings,  etc.  Keeping  an  even  width 
of  the  material  between  different  sections  of 
a  design  also  demands  unusual  attention. 
The  marvelous  way  in  which  a  thread  or  two 
of  the  ground  fabric  is  left  unworked  be- 
tween petals  of  flowers  is  still  another  in- 
stances of  tax  on  skill  and  eyesight.  Some  of 
our  modern  production  hurts  only  the  eyes 
of  the  beholders. 

The  finest  satin  embroidery  I  ever  en- 
countered was  the  "Head  of  Christ"  dis- 
played at  the  1915  Exposition.  The  young 
lady  who  did  the  embroidery  employed 
more  than  500  differently  colored  threads, 
dyeing  many  of  them  herself  to  get  the  right 
shade  and  hue.  Unfortunately,  the  panel  was 
not  adequately  displayed  and  escaped  the 
notice  of  most  of  the  visitors. 

After  the  Ming  Dynasty  several  new 
stitches  were  imported,  probably  from  Eu- 
rope. Among  these  we  find  such  counted 
canvas  stitches  as  the  Florentine,  the  petit 
point,  and  the  surface  darning  stitch.  These 
are  often  used  to  cover  the  entire  ground, 
thereby  completely  obliterating  the  gauze  or 
plain  weave  on  which  it  is  done. 

Peacock  feathers,  gold  and  silver  foils 
wrapped  over  paper  or  leather  mem- 
brane, brass  bound  mirrors,  metallic  discs, 
silver  or  gold  wound  threads  and  cables,  tiny 
bells,  tassels,  fringes,  floss  balls,  and  other 
foreign  substances  were  frequently  used  in 
connection  with  embroidery,  but  the  chief 
charm  of  the  art  lies  in  the  wealth  of  sym- 
bolic designs,  the  bold  display  of  colors,  and 
the  patience  and  skill  displayed. 

Reference:  Embroidery,  the  Embroiderers' 
Journal,  London,  September,  1935;  Chinese 
Textiles,  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,' 
1934;  Romance  of  Silk,  Chinese  Digest, 
Vol.  1,  No.  5  ;  Textiles,  by  Woolman  and  Mc- 
Gowan ;  Shuo  Wen ;  Kuo  Wen  Pen  Chi,  etc. 


Page  6 


CHIN  E  S  E    "D'l  CE  ST 


January,   1931 


CHINATOWNIA 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

WITH  R.  R. 

Ho  Hum,  another  month  has  come  and 
gone  ...  I  hear  that  .  .  .  there  remains 
only  7  days  more  in  which  a  girl  can 
propose  without  being  harnessed  ...  or 
is  it  embarrassed?  Yes,  ma'm,  four  long 
years  before  the  next  Leap  Year  comes 
to  our  shores  again  .  .  .  MARGARET 
CHOY  of  Crockett  was  in  town  for  the 
holidays.  She  had  a  nice  time  renewing 
old  friendships  .  .  .  DANIEL  WONG 
of  Fresno  is  certainly  a  regular  visitor 
in  Hanford.  Can  it  be  the  girls  there? 
.  .  .  FANNIE  and  ANNIE  FOOEY,  sis- 
ters of  SAMMY,  the  amateur  boxer  of 
Red  Bluff,  were  in  Marysville  for  the 
football  game  and  cheered  till  they  were 
hoarse.  Good  reasons  why  their  team 
won!  .  .  .  Can  I  believe  my  eyes?  If  that 
isn't  SUSIE  LOWE  of  Stockton  and  is 
she  growing  up  fast!  .  .  .  RAYMOND 
AH  TYE  is  helping  his  brother,  DILLY, 
JR.,  at  the  latter's  gas  station  in  Stock- 
ton .  .  .PHIL  LEE  if  Bakersfield  was  a 
recent  visitor  up  here.  I'll  keep  the  "ob- 
ject of  your  affections"  up  North  a  secret 
for  you,  Phil  .  .  .  MAY  KO  of  Bakers- 
field  recently  gave  a  card  party  for  a 
trio  of  popular  Frisco  boys  .  .  .  BOB 
WONG  who  has  won  several  amateur 
singing  contests  is  slated  to  appear  at 
the  Mandarin  on  New  Year's  Eve  to  sing 
in  the  Special  Revue  .  .  .  EDWARD 
HEE  of  Fowler  was  visiting  in  San  Diego 
last  week.  By  the  way,  Eddie,  aren't  you 
going  the  wrong  way?  .  .  .  GEORGE 
YOUNG  is  the  new  owner  of  the  Chungs 
Market  in  Salinas;  MAYE  CHUNG  is 
still  there  .  .  .  The  Salinas  Waku  School's 
Benefit  Show  proceeds  will  start  con- 
struction of  a  school  building  .  .  .  SEY- 
MOUR CHAN,  with  MAE  JANG  in- 
terpreting, returned  thanks  to  the  Am- 
erican and  Chinese  merchants  who  con- 
tr-buted  .  .  .  BOB  YOUNG  and  HENRY 
JUNG  are  taking  correspondence  courses 


in  radio  .  .  .  DOROTHY  HAW  and 
MARY  LEE,  attired  in  dainty  Chinese 
costumes,  are  behind  the  hanky  counter 
at  the  Gimbel  Brothers  store  .  .  .  JOHN 
HAW  is  at  the  Philco  Radio  plant  .  .  . 
GLORIA  MARK  is  one  of  the  Chelten- 
ham High  School  hockey  team's  bright 
stars.  Gosh  and  we  have  no  ice  out  here 
in  sunny  California  .  .  .  RALPH  JUNG 
is  now  attending  the  Rising  Sun  Aircraft 
School  in  Philadelphia.  Upon  his  gradu- 
aton  next  year,  he  will  leave  for  China 
to  enter  some  branch  of  this  fascinating 
industry  ..  .  Other  Chinese  boys  attend- 
ing the  school  are  HARRY  LEONG, 
HOWARD  YICK  and  PAUL  SZE  .  .  . 
Now,  boys,  "JACKIE"  ONG  of  Sacra- 
mento isn't  a  boy,  it  is  a  MISS  Jackie 
Ong  .  .  .  WOODROW  LOUIE  escorted 
two  fair  damsels  to  the  Sacramento  Stu- 
dents Skating  Party.  By  the  way,  here  is 
a  tip.  Don't  shake  hands  with  footballer 
Louie.  He  is  so  strong  that  when  he 
shakes  hands  with  you,  well — that's  why 
I  can't  type  this  week  .  .  .  We  find  BEN- 
NY CHOYE,  TOMMY  LEONG,  HER- 
BIE  LEE  and  LEON  SHEW  behind  the 
counter  of  MYRON  CHAN'S  Twin 
Dragons  Cocktail  Temple  .  .  .  ANDY 
YUKE  and  DAVE  SUM  pound  out 
sweet  notes  on  the  piano  .  .  .  The  L.  A. 
boys,  football  team  and  rooters,  30 
strong,  invaded  S.  F.  Sunday.  They 
chartered  a  bus  which  blew  a  tire  near 
Fresno  on  their  way  up  and  delayed 
their  entrance  to  town  somewhat  .  .  .  As 
ROLAND  GOT,  their  captain,  said  on 
the  radio  broadcast  from  station  KGGC 
the  nite  before  the  game,  "It's  lots  of 
fun  and  we  enjoyed  it."  Most  of  the 
players  were  "going  to  town"  at  the  Vic- 
tory Dance  given  by  sponsor  THOMAS 
TONG  the  same  night  at  St.  Mary's 
Auditorium  .  .  .  KEN  UNG  was  leading 
the  way.  Besides  being  a  fine  halfback, 
he  rhakes  a  mean  hoof!  .  .  .  The  L.  A. 
boys  will  play  the  Oliver  team  which  won 
the   Japanese   championship  on  Jan.    3rd 


I 

SEASON'S           S     X           GREETINGS 

PHILIP  H.  FONC       /                 \            JOHN   J.    KAN 

ACME        \^W)       BAKERY 

FDnGcWFDnG 

FDUnTRin^^^  BRKERy 

824  GRANT  AVE.                               CHINA  1010 

! 

CATHAY     CLUB     ELECTS 

With  important  changes  in  its  admini- 
stration, the  Cathay  Club  held  its  annual 
election  of  officers  and  directors  for  1937. 
Those  elected  were  Mr.  Dere  Sheck,  pres- 
ident, Mr.  Arthur  Hee,  vice-president; 
Mr.  Herbert  J.  Haim,  secretary;  Mr. 
King  Wah  Lee,  financial  secretary;  Mr. 
Norman  D.  Chinn,  treasurer;  Mr.  Wah 
Yee,  social  chairman;  Mr.  Walter  M. 
Hing,  sergeant-at-arms;  Mr.  Ernest  M. 
Loo,  property  custodian;  Mr.  Thomas  L. 
Lym,  musical  director;  and  Mr.  Francis 
H    Louie,  athletic   manager. 

With  the  exception  of  Mr.  King  Wah 
Lee,  the  above  officers  compose  the  board 
of  directors  together  with  Edwar  Q. 
Dong   and    Wilbur   D.    Yee. 

in  L.  A  .  .  .  FRANK  CHAN  did  all  the 
announcing  on  the  public  address  system 
at  the  game  .  .  .  CHARLES  LEONG  of 
L.  A.  assisted  him  in  identifying  the 
players  .  .  .  JACK  FONG  and  CHAR- 
LEY HING,  both  of  whom  played  58 
minutes  of  swell  football  came  back  that 
same  evening  and  played  basketball  for 
Shangtai  which  defeated  the  T3  team. 
MARSHALL  LEONG  is  quite  an  iron 
man,  too,  he  is  at  fullback  and  tackle 
.  .  .  WILLIE  GINTGEE  played  so  hard 
that  he  developed  some  wide  open  spaces 
in  his  football  pants  .  .  .  Well,  here  we 
go  .  .  .  Merry  Christmas  and  a  Happy 
New  Year  to  you  all.  Affectionately  yours, 
"R.  R." 


Serve 

BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at    your    next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW  CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

820  Pacific  Ave.       DOuglas  0547 
San  Francisco,  California 


January,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Nga  7 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENT 


By   William   Hoy 


A  LIST  OF  RECOMMENDED  BOOKS 

ON    CHINA   AND   THE   CHINESE 

PUBLISHED  DURING   1936,  WITH 

BRIEF  DESCRIPTIONS  OR 

COMMENTS. 

(Books  already  reviewed  in  the  Chinese  Di- 
gest  and   those   to   be    reviewed   later   are 
indicated.) 

History,  Politics  and  Current  Affairs 

The  Manchu  Abdication  and  the  Powers, 
1908-1912.  By  John  Gilbert  Reid.  497  pages. 
Berkeley:  University  of  California  Press. 
$5.00. 

A  scholarly  and  well  organized  chrono- 
logical history  of  the  events  leading  up  to 
the  dissolution  of  the  Manchu  dynasty  and 
the  part  which  Japan,  Russia,  United  States, 
France  and  Great  Britain  played  in  it. 

China  Changes.  By  Gerald  Yorke.  334 
pages.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
$2.50. 

A  good  journalistic  picture  of  China  today, 
with  accounts  of  the  Communist  movement, 
Chinese  Buddhism,  Toaism  and  the  New  Life 
Movement.  The  writer  also  described  Chiang 
Kai-shek's  crushing  of  the  Fukien  rebellion, 
the  Central  Government's  campaign  against 
the  Chinese  Soviet  Republic,  and  the  Japa- 
nese invasion  of  Jehol. 

The  Far  Eastern  Crisis,  Recollections  and 
Observations.  By  Henry  L.  Stimson.  293 
pages.  Illustrated,  maps,  appendices,  index. 
New  York:  Harper  &  Bros.  $3.75. 

Trenchant  observations  by  a  former  Sec- 
retary of  State  on  the  part  which  the  U.S. 
played  in  international  diplomacy  vis-a-vis 
Japan's  seizure  of  Manchuria  in  1931.  A 
carefully  documented,  frank,  straight-for- 
ward and  sincere  appraisal  of  the  failure  of 
organized  machinery  of  peace  as  repre- 
sented in  the  League  of  Nations,  to  help 
China  at  a  critical  moment  in  her  history. 
Written  in  a  language  characteristic  of  the 
man,  Stimson  pulled  no  punches. 

Can  China  Survive?  By  Hallet  Abend  and 
Anthony  J.  Billingham.  317  pages.  Illus- 
trated, index.  New  York:  Iver  Washburn, 
Inc.  S3 .00. 

Two  American  correspondents  who  have 
years  of  experience  behind  them  in  reporting 
men  and  events  in  China  for  the  NY.  Times, 
collaborated  in  this  highly  interesting  vol- 
ume. It  is  factually  accurate,  realistic  in 
viewpoint  and  analytical  in  tone.  The  au- 
thors present  a  rather  gloomy  picture  of 
China's  present  and  probable  future.  To  be 
reviewed  later. 

The  New  Social  Order  in  China.  By  T'ang 
Leang-li.  282  pages.  No.  6  in  "China  Today" 
Series.  Shanghai:  China  United  Press.  U.S. 
$3.50. 

In  this  volume  the  editor  of  the  People's 
Tribune  goes  back  to  ancient  Chinese  his- 
tory and  philosophy  to  support  the  thesis 
that  China's  social  order  needs  changing  and 
is  being  changed  under  the  aegis  of  the  Kuo- 
Min  Tang.  The  first  few  chapters  on  the 
civilization  and  philosophy  of  ancient  China 
has  been  presented  by  the  same  author  some 
years  ago  when  he  wrote  The  Foundations 
of  Modern   China,  published  in   England. 


Sun  Yat-sen's  Three  Principles  are  condensed 
into  a  few  pages  in  the  chapter  on  political 
changes.  There  are  also  chapters  on  labor, 
woman's  movement  and  other  phases  in 
China's  changing  social  order.  This  book  is 
propaganda  intelligently  presented.  A  biblio- 
graphy, however,  would  have  enhanced  its 
usefulness. 

Drama  and  Music 

The  West  Chamber.  Translated  from  the 
Chinese  by  Henry  H.  Hart.  236  pages.  Stan- 
ford University  Press,  Palo  Alto,  California. 
$3.50. 

A  competent  translation  of  one  of  the 
greatest  Chinese  medieval  dramas,  beauti- 
fully printed  and  bound.  Reviewed  October 
23,  1936. 

The  Western  Chamber.  Translated  from 
the  Chinese  by  S.  I.  Hsiung.  New  York: 
Liveright.  $2.00. 

Another  translation  of  Hsi  Hsiang  Chi, 
this  time  by  a  native  playwright,  remem- 
bered for  his  translation  and  adaptation  of 
Lady  Precious  Stream. 

Foundations  of  Chinese  Musical  Art.  By 
John  Hazedcl  Levis.  233  pages.  Illustrated 
with  musical  compositions,  appendix,  bibl., 
index.  Peiping:  Henri  Vetch.  U.S.  $6.00. 

An  explanation  of  the  basis  and  principles 
of  the  music  of  ancient  China,  for  those  with 
a  sound  knowledge  of  music.  The  author  also 
explains  and  transcribes  into  modern  nota- 
tion several  ancient  native  music-poems, 
ending  with  comments  on  the  value  of  this 
form  of  music  today. 

Geography  and  Travel 

Historical  and  Commercial  Atlas  of  China. 
By  Albert  Herrmann.  112  pages,  bibl.,  index, 
list  of  Chinese  characters.  Cambridge,  Mass., 
Harvard  University  Press.  $5.00. 

This  valuable  atlas  is  the  work  of  the 
Professor  of  Historical  Geography  in  the 
University  of  Berlin  and  constitutes  Vol- 
ume I  in  a  Monograph  Series  prepared  by 
the  Harvard-Yenching  Institute.  In  60  beau- 
tifully executed  maps  the  history  of  China 
is  traced,  from  1900  B.C.  to  the  present  day. 
The  boundaries  of  China  throughout  almost 
4000  years  of  history,  the  political  status  and 
various  periods  are  explained  in  detail. 
Other  interesting  maps  include  the  home  of 
Confucius,  historic  ruins,  Europe  in  search 
of  new  routes  to  India  and  China,  and  the 
Chinese  abroad.  Not  the  least  important 
part  of  the  atlas  is  the  exhaustive  biblio- 
graphy given,  map  by  map.  There  is  an  in- 
dex of  geographical  and  proper  names  and 
a  list  of  over  3000  Chinese  characters  rep- 
resenting the  native  names  of  all  the  known 
places  in  ancient  and  modern  China.  This 
is  not  an  ordinary  book  of  maps  but  an  atlas 
of  the  history  of  China. 

News  From  Tartary:  A  Journey  from 
Peking  to  Kashmir.  By  Peter  Fleming.  384 
pages,  illus.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  $3.00. 

An  English  journalist-traveler  with  a  vivid 
pen,  accompanied  by  a  Swiss  woman  jour- 
nalist, Ella  Maillart,  described  their  hazard- 
ous journey  of  3500  miles  over  one  of  the 
world's  less  known  and  dangerous  country. 
Hand  in   hand  with  good  travel  descrip- 


tions and  accounts  of  their  hazards,  goes  re- 
porting of  British  and  Russian  Far  Eastern 
politics  with  respect  to  Chinese  Turkestan. 
Illustrated  with  50  superb  pictures  taken 
with  the  author's  Leica  camera. 

The  Flight  of  "Big  Horse."  The  Trail  of 
War  in  Central  Asia.  By  Sven  Hedin.  Trans- 
lated by  F.  H.  Lyon,  263  pages,  illus.  $3.75. 

The  world-famous  explorer,  now  70,  de- 
scribed personal  adventures,  which  he  did 
not  look  for,  in  the  midst  of  war  scarred 
province  of  Sinkiang.  He  and  his  companions 
ran  into  a  Chinese  general  named  Ma 
Chung-yin — "Big  Horse"  himself — who  was 
at  war  with  another  general  named  Chin 
Shu-jen.  "Big  Horse,"  in  his  turn,  was  being 
chased  by  White  Russian  Cossacks.  And  into 
this  theatre  of  war  the  explorer  and  his  party 
of  Chinese  engineers,  surveyors  and  Mongol 
drivers  landed. 

Art 

The  Chinese  on  the  Art  of  Painting. 
Translations  and  comments  by  Osvald  Siren. 
261  pages.  Peiping:  Henri  Vetch.  U.S.  $4.00. 

A  collection  of  sayings  of  Chinese  artists 
and  art  critics  on  the  subject  of  painting, 
beginning  from  the  Han  Dynasty  (206  B.C.) 
to  the  founding  of  the  Chinese  Republic.  A 
valuable  book  of  information  on  the  Chi- 
nese theory  of  art. 

Some  Technical  Terms  of  Chinese  Paint- 
ing. By  Benjamin  March.  56  pages,  plates, 
diagrams,  index.  Washington,  D.  C,  Ameri- 
can Council  of  Learned  Societies.  $1.50. 

Painstaking  research  and  a  year's  experi- 
ence in  China  learning  Chinese  painting  re- 
sulted in  this  volume,  valuable  for  its  ex- 
planations of  technical  terms  of  Chinese 
painting.  The  terms  are  listed  in  Chinese, 
with  both  translation  and  romanized  equiva- 
lents, and  classified  under  12  headings,  such 
as  materials,  forms,  subjects,  etc.  The  book 
was  completed  shortly  before  the  author's 
death. 

Fiction 

Shanghai  Deadline.  By  La  Selle  Gilman. 
273  pages.  New  York:  Dodge  Publishing 
Co.  $2.50. 

A  first  novel,  by  an  active  American  news- 
paper man  in  China,  laid  against  the  back- 
ground of  the  greatest  commercial  metrop- 
olis in  the  Far  East.  The  story  concerns  an 
American  newspaper  man's  life  and  loves, 
giving  first-hand  information  on  how  news 
is  obtained  and  written  in  China.  An  inter- 
esting and  vivid  story  in  spite  of  a  weak 
plot. 

Yang  and  Yin.  By  Alice  Tisdale  Hobart. 
366  pages.  Indianapolis:  The  Bobbs-Merrill 
Co.  $2.50. 

The  Great  Monad  of  Chinese  philosophy, 
the  yin-yang  principle,  serves  as  the  symbol 
for  this,  the  third  of  a  series  of  four  novels 
the  author  has  designed  to  render  a  picture 
of  China's  civilization  today  as  its  various 
phases  of  life  come  under  the  irresistible  im- 
pact of  the  West.  It  tells  the  story  of  Peter 
Fraser's  life  as  a  man  and  as  a  mission  doc- 
tor in  China.  In  the  larger  issue  "Yang  and 
Yin"  is  to  be  taken  as  the  coming  together 
of  Eastern  and  Western  thought,  "the  beauty 
and  excesses  of  each,  the  impact  of  one  upon 


Page  8 


CHINES E      DIGEST 


January,   1937 


REVIEWS   AND   COMMENT 


the  other." 

Biography 

The  Last  Empress.  By  Daniele  Vare.  320 
pages.  Garden  City,  New  York:  Doubleday, 
Doran  &  Co.  S3 .00. 

The  life  of  Tzu-Hsi,  last  of  the  Manchu 
rulers.  Contains  practically  no  new  mate- 
rial, but  its  chief  merit — which  the  author 
presumably  intended  ■ —  is  in  its  absorbing 
story  told  in  beautiful  prose.  It  is  a  dra- 
matic story  dramatically  told.  The  author,  a 
former  Italian  minister  to  China,  has  studied 
his  subject  thoroughly. 

The  Flight  of  An  Empress.  By  VVu  Yung. 
Translated  by  Ida  Pruitt.  222  pages,  illus., 
with  Introduction  by  Kenneth  Scott  La- 
tourette.  New  Haven:  Yale  University 
Press.  $2.50. 

A  Chinese  magistrate  gives  his  account, 
flavored  with  flowery  and  euphemistic 
phrases,  of  the  Boxer  Rebellion  of  1900,  of 
the  various  happenings  attendant  upon  the 
Empress  Dowager  and  her  Court's  flight 
from  Peking,  and  of  his  personal  observa- 
tions and  impressions  of  the  Empress.  The 
description  of  the  Boxer's  weird  rites  is  one 
of  the  man}-  interesting  chapters. 

The  Exile.  By  Pearl  S.  Buck.  315  pages. 
New  York:  Reynal  &  Hitchcock;  a  John 
Day  Book.  S2.50. 

A  warm,  beautifully  written  biography  of 
the  author's  own  mother,  who  married  a 
missionary  and  spent  most  of  her  years  in 
China.  It  has  the  quality  of  universality 
which  the  author  achieved  in  two  of  her 
novels,  "The  Good  Earth"  and  "The 
Mother." 

Fighting  Angel.  By  Pearl  S.  Buck.  302 
pages.  New  York:  Reynal  &  Hitchcock;  a 
John  Day  Book.  $2.50. 

As  "The  Exile"  is  the  story  of  her  mother, 
this  book  is  the  story  of  the  author's  father, 
"son  of  generations  of  grim  Presbyterian 
fathers,  Calvinist,  predestinarian,  believer  in 
the  second  coming  of  Christ,"  a  product  of 
the  "preachingest  family"  in  Virginia,  who 
"spent  all  his  life  being  a  ruling  minority  of 
one." 

As  portrayed  by  his  daughter,  Andrew  was 
a  passionate  figure,  his  soul  wrapped  up  in 
his  Work,  spending  his  life  spreading  the 
Gospel  in  inland  China,  unmindful  of  hard- 
ships and  dangers,  serene  with  the  serenitv  of 
one  who  is  the  chosen  of  God.  These  words 
set  the  whole  tone  of  the  biography:  "Great 
missionary  he  was,  intrepid  soul,  but  there 
was  no  fatherhood  in  him.  He  had  to  be 
viewed,  to  be  considered,  not  as  a  father  but 
as  a  man."  Andrew  was  a  trail  blazer  in  an 
era  of  spiritual  imperialism  in  China. 

General 

A  History  of  the  Press  and  Public  Opinion 
in  China.  By  Lin  Yutang.  179  pages.  Pub- 
lished for  the  China  Institute  of  Pacific  Re- 
lations. Shanghai:  Kelly  &  Walsh,  Ltd.  U.S. 
$2.00. 

As  the  title  fully  explains,  this  is  a  study 
of  the  press  and  public  opinion  in  China, 
divided  into  the  ancient  and  modern  periods. 
A  valuable  reference  work.  To  be  reviewed 
later. 

Matteo  Ricci's  Scientific  Contribution  to 


China.  By  Henri  Bernard,  S.  J.  Translated 
by  E.  C.  Werner.  108  pages.  Peiping:  Henri 
Vetch.  U.S.  S2.50. 

With  scientific  accuracy  the  author  has 
tried  to  trace  the  important  contribution  of 
this  Jesuit  missionary- — acknowledged  found- 
er of  the  Catholic  missions  in  China — to  the 
scientific  knowledge  of  China  in  the  17th 
century,  and  the  subsequent  influence  of  his 
work.  Reviewed  August  21,  1936. 

The  Romance  of  Tea.  By  William  H.  Uk- 
ers,  M.  A.  Illustrated.  276  pages,  New  York: 
Alfred  A.  Knopf.  S3. 00. 

The  author  has  called  this  book  An  Outline 
of  Tea  and  Tea  Drinking  Through  Sixteen 
Hundred  Years.  Tea,  of  course,  is  always  as- 
sociated with  China,  and  this  story  tells  the 
origin  of  this  beverage  and  its  usage  through- 
out the  centuries.  To  be  reviewed  later. 

Oriental  Philosophy.  The  story  of  the 
Teachers  of  the  East.  By  Frances  Grant. 
300  pages.  New  York:  The  Dial  Press.  S2.75. 

The  lives  and  teachings  of  the  great  philo- 
sophers of  the  East,  headed  by  Sakyamuni, 
Confucius  and  Loatze,  are  neatly  summar- 
ized in  this  volume.  The  religions  and  philo- 
sophies of  India,  China,  Japan,  Iran  and 
Islam  are  succinctly  put  forth.  Reviewed 
June  5,  1936. 

Modern  Newspaper  Chinese.  By  J.  J. 
Brandt.  321  pages,  subject  index,  index  to 
notes,  vocabulary  index.  Peiping:  Henri 
Vetch.  U.S.  S5.00. 

A  textbook  of  no  little  interest  for  those 
who  read  both  Chinese  and  English.  Giving 
Chinese  texts  and  English  translations,  the 
author  analyses  the  way  in  which  modern 
newspaper  Chinese  is  written.  Chinese  jour- 
nalism is  definitely  creating  a  new  style  of 
Chinese  writing,  just  as  American  journalism 
is  creating  a  new  style  in  the  writing  of 
everyday  English.  This  book  tells  the  story. 

Mirror  of  China.  By  Louis  Laloy.  Trans- 
lated by  Catherine  A.  Philips.  308  pases. 
New  York:  Alfred  A.  Knopf.  S2.75. 

A  Frenchman,  Professor  of  Chinese  Stud- 
ies in  the  University  of  Paris,  writes  ur- 
banely of  various  aspects  of  Chinese  civiliza- 
tion and  culture,  especially  Chinese  theatre 
and  Chinese  music,  as  well  as  Toaism,  Budd- 
hism and  Confusianism.  His  very  urbanity 
makes  his  book  more  or  less  tinged  with  su- 
perficiality, but  nontheless  entertaining.  And 
some  of  his  conclusions  are  interesting. 

Jen  Sheng:  The  Root  of  Life.  By  Mik- 
hail Prishvin.  English  version  by  George 
Walton  and  Philip  Gibbons.  177  pages.  New 
York:  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.75. 

A  Russian  chemist  escapes  from  the  hor- 
rors of  war  to  find  peace  and  solace  in  na- 
ture as  it  unfolds  itself  to  him  in  a  corner 
of  Manchuria.  Jen  Sheng  (in  Cantonese. 
Gin-seng),  is  a  plant  which  grows  in  the 
shape  of  a  human  body  and  to  which  the 
Chinese  for  centuries  have  attributed  a  magic, 
revitalizing  power  over  the  human  system. 
Jen  Sheng,  therefore,  is  verily  the  Root  of 
Life,  but  the  author  uses  it  in  a  mystical 
sense.  The  story  is  of  the  chemist's  wander- 
ings in  the  Manchurian  forests,  seeine  and 
understanding  the  marvels  of  nature  and  out 
of  these  experiences  found  his  own  soul  in 


relation  to  the  universe  around  him.  It  is  a 
story  sensitively  told,  and  the  translation 
seemed  to  have  retained  all  the  prose  beauty 
of  the  original. 

Annual  Customs  and  Festivals  in  Peking. 
As  recorded  by  Tun  Li-ch'en.  translated 
and  annotated  by  Derk  Bodde.  147  pages, 
illus.,  map,  bibl.,  appendices,  index.  Peiping: 
Henri  Vetch.  U.S.  $4.50. 

An  account  of  the  customs  and  festivals 
of  the  people  of  Peking  of  an  age  already 
gone,  written  by  a  minor  Manchu  official  at 
the  beginning  of  this  century.  Chinese  fes- 
tivals, religious,  social,  agricultural,  are  in- 
extricably bound  up  with  the  Chinese  art  of 
living,  and  in  this  book  one  is  given  a  glimpse 
of  how  the  Chinese  have  regulated  their 
lives  in  accordance  with  their  social  genius 
and  their  humanistic  philosophy  of  life.  The 
descriptions  are  simply  but  charmingly  writ- 
ten and  the  annotations  by  the  translator 
are  an  essential  part  of  the  book.  This  is  a 
valuable  contribution  to  the  study  of  Chi- 
nese social  life  as  it  is  mirrored  in  their  fes- 
tivals. 

"Chinatownia" 

China  Boy.  By  Idwal  Jones.  132  pages. 
Los  Angeles:  Primavera  Press.  $2.50. 

Colorfully  woven  stories  of  the  old  time 
California  Chinese,  whom  the  author  cher- 
ishes with  affectionate  regard.  Idwal  Jones 
is  a  story  writer  to  whom  plot  means  little, 
but  color,  atmosphere  and  pungent  phrases 
mean  much.  In  sheer  ability  to  tell  a  good 
story,  the  Chinese  tales  of  Bret  Harte,  Dobie, 
de  Bra.  Achmet  Abdullah  and  the  melodra- 
matic Hugh  Wiley  pale  beside  his. 

San  Francisco's  Chinatown.  By  Charles 
Caldwell  Dobie.  Illustrated  by  E.  D.  Suy- 
dam.  328  pages.  New  York:  D.  Appleton 
Century  Co.  $5.00. 

An  historical,  interpretative  and  descrip- 
tive story  of  Chinatown  and  the  Chinese  in 
California.  Reviewed  November  13,  1036. 

Chinatown  Inside  Out.  By  Leong  Gor 
Vun.  256  pages,  illus.  New  York:  Barrows 
Mussey.  $3.00. 

"This  is  the  first  authentic  book  on  China- 
town by  a  Chinese  who  know*  what  goes  on. 
It  gives  the  whole  story  of  a  world  within  a 
world:  Chinatown  gambling,  prostitutions, 
characters,  business  life,  newspapers,  rack- 
eteering, opium,  long  war.-.  In  -hcrt,  it  tells 
everything  about  Chinatown  A  better  pic- 
ture of  the  Chinese  in  America  has  never 
been  written  .  .  .  the  author,  a  Chinatown 
civic  leader,  has  unequalled  facilities  for 
finding  out  everything  that  even  most  Chi- 
nese do  not  know  .  .  ."  We  are  quoting  from 
the  publisher's  information  on  the  book 
jacket. 

That  this  is  the  first  book  on  Chinatown 
written  by  one  of  its  own  i-  true,  and  it 
give  out  much  inside  information  which 
many  Chinese  do  not  definitely  know  .  But  is 
too  episodic  to  be  complete,  and  the  style 
shows  either  hurried  or  careless  writing,  or 
both.  Nonetheless  it  i-  still  ■  worthwhile 
volume  because  of  its  revelation  <>t  China- 
town politics  and  lor  ii>  factual  data  A'* 
viewed  October  9,  f! 


January,  1937 


CHINESE   DICEST 


Page  9 


EDITORIAL 


EDITORIAL  COMMENT  ON 
THE  NEWS  OF  THE  MONTH 

Seen  at  their  classes  last  week  were  little  Chinese 
children,  all  intent  upon  learning  their  lessons, 
whether  they  be  at  Chinese  school  or  the  public 
schools. 

Future  leaders  of  Chinese  in  America  will  come 
from  their  ranks,  and  the  building  of  continued 
good-will  between  the  Chinese  and  American  pe- 
ople shall  be  their  task. 


Coming  at  a  time  when  all  China  was  beginning 
to  feel  the  true  meaning  of  the  word  "united",  the 
act  of  Marshal  Chang  Hseuh-liang  in  kidnapping 
Generalissimo  Chiang  Kai-shek  can  best  be  called 
high  treason.  Denounced  by  all,  one  can  but  pity 
the  poor  mother  of  Marshal  Chang,  who  traveled 
to  Nanking  "to  do  what  she  can  to  help  right  the 
huge  wrong  that  her  son  had  done." 

At  a  time  when  General  Chiang  had  so  advanced 
rural  reconstruction,  national  spirit,  and  the  weld 
ing  of  the  nation  into  one  body,  the  ending  of  his 
career  would  indeed  be  a  loss  to  the  country. 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Published    monthly   at    868    Washington    Street 
San    Francisco,    California     (CHina    2400) 

THOMAS  W.  CHINN,    Editor 

Per  year,    $1.00;    Per  copy,    10    cents 

Foreign,    $1.50    per    year 

All    articles    copyrighted.    For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured    in   writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH    LEE Associate    Editor 

WILLIAM     HOY , Associate     Editor 

FRED    G.     WOO    Sports    Editor,    Office    Manager 

LIM    P.    LEE    Sociological    Data 

HELEN    M.     FONG     Circulation    Manager 

WALLACE   H.   FONG    Photographer 

CORRESPONDENTS    and    REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersfield ....    Mamie    Lee 

Berkeley   ....   .... .... ....  Glenn  D.  Lym 

Fresno    . Allen   Lew 

Honolulu,    T.    H _  _. -__.  . Grace    H.    Goo 

Los    Angeles Elsie    Lee,    William  Got 

New  York _    _ Annabelle   Wong,    Bing   Chan 

Oakland Hector    Eng,    E.    M.    Loo 

Portland    . Eva    Moe,    Edgar    Lee 

Sacramento Ruth    G.  Fong 

Salinas    . Edward   Chan 

Santa    Barbara    .... Albert  Yee 

Seattle Eugene    Wong,    Edwin    Luke 

Watsonville ....   Alice    Shew 

FOUNDERS   and    PUBLISHERS: 
Thomas  W.  Chinn,  Chingwah  Lee. 


SEASON'S 
GREETINGS 


He  who  is  great,  must  make  humility  his  base. 
He  who  is  high,  must  make  lowliness  his  founda- 
tion. Thus  princes  and  kings  in  speaking  of  them- 
selves use  the  terms  "lonely,"  "friendless,"  "of 
small  account."     Is  not  this  making  humility  their 


)ase: 


-Lao   Tzu. 


*$ 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  10 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


January,   193/ 


CHINESE    DIGEST    INDEX 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  I  AND  II 

November  15,  1935,  to  November  27, 

1936,  inclusive. 

Note:  The  following  is  an  index  of  all 
signed  and  unsigned  articles  that  have  ap- 
peared in  the  Chinese  Digest  during  the 
past  thirteen  months.  This  index  excludes 
sports  and  other  general  news  items.  Readers 
who  desire  to  obtain  copies  of  back  numbers 
containing  one  or  more  of  these  articles  can 
still  do  so  by  writing  immediately  to  the 
editor.  Due  to  the  rapidly  diminishing  num- 
ber of  back  issues  a  charge  of  ten  cents  must 
be  made  for  each  and  every  copy.  For  an 
entire  set  of  Volumes  I  and  II — 55  issues — 
the  price  is  $5.00,  postpaid. 

A 

Ah  Louis,  Story  of  a  California  Chinese — 

Wm.  Hoy,  4-3-36. 
Aims   of   the   Chinese   Painters — Prof.   Liu 

Hai-su,  8-7-36. 
American-born    Chinese  in  Hawaii,  The — ■ 

Lim  P.  Lee,  9-11-36. 
Around  the  World  with  a  Chinese  General — 

Wm.Hoy,  7-31-36. 

B 

Book  Reviews: 

My  Country  and  My  People,  11-15-35. 

Secrets  of  Chinatown,  11-22-35.' 

Man,  The  Unknown,  8-7-36. 

Matteo  Ricci'i  Scientific  Contribution  to 
China,  8-21-36. 

Reconstruction  in  China,  9-18-36. 

Western  Chamber,  10-23-36. 

San  Francisco's  Chinatown,  11-13-36. 
Book  Notes: 

11-22-35,     11-29-35,     12-6-35,     2-14-36, 
4-17-36,  5-29-36,  6-5-36,  6-12-36. 
Bronze,  Chinese — Chingwah  Lee,  11-15-36. 

c 

Cathey  Club  of  San  Francisco — Herbert  J. 

Haim,      3-20-36,      3-27-36,      4-3-36, 

4-10-36. 
Catholic  Press  in  China,  The — Wm.  Hoy, 

8-28-36. 
CERAMICS— Series  by  Chingwah  Lee- 
How  to  Identify  Pottery,  11-29-35. 
How  to  Identify  Porcelain  and  Porcella- 
neous Stoneware,  12-6-35. 
How  to  Judge  Body  Material  of  Ceramic 

Wares,  12-13-35 
How  Pottery  Originated  in  Early  Times, 

12-20-35 
How  Potteries  Are  Fired,  12-27-35. 
How  to  Study  Spur  Marks,  1-3-36. 
How  Spurs  or  Props  Are  Arranged,   1- 

10-36. 
Elimination    of    Spurs — Early    Sung,    1- 

17-36. 
Elimination    of   Spurs — Ring   and   Sand, 

1-24-36. 
Evolution  of  the  Hollow  Base  and  the 

Foot  Rim,  1-31-36. 
How  to  Study  Glaze  on  Chinese  Ceramics, 

2-14-36. 
Some    Standard    References    on    Chinese 

Ceramics,  3-6-36. 
Reference  Books  on  Chinese  Art,  3-20-36. 
How  to  Study  Glaze  Topography — Raised 

Irregularities,  4-17-36. 


How  to  Study  Glaze  Topography — Sunk- 
en Irregularities,  4-24-36. 
How  to  Study  Glaze  Topography — Crazes 

and  Crackles,  5-8-36. 
How  to  Study  Glaze  Texture — Pigment 

Particles  and  Air  Bubbles,  5-15-36. 
How  to  Study  Glaze  Texture — Fleckings 

and  Iridescences,  5-22-36. 
How  to  Study  Glaze  Texture — Firing  and 

Surfacing,  5-29-36. 
How  to  Study  Pottery — Technics,  Paste 

and  Contours,  9-11-36. 
How  to  Study  Pottery — Origin  anl  Classi- 
fication of  Shapes,  10-2-36. 
Shapeliness,  Form  and  Subtlety,  11-27-36. 
Chinese  Enamels,  10-9-36. 
Chang    Tai-yen:     1867-1936  — Wm.    Hoy, 

7-17-36. 
Child    Welfare    Conference  —  Ethel    Lum, 

12-27-35. 
Chiang  Kai-shek:   biographical  sketch,  11- 

29-35. 
China  Off  Silver  Standard — Tsu  Pan,   11- 

15-35. 
China's  Foreign  Relations:  speech  by  Chiang 

Kai-shek,  1-3-36. 
China's  Adoption  of  Modern  Serial  Com- 
munication— Henry   J.   Poy,   1-3-36, 
1-10-36. 
Chinatown,  Unite!  (Editorial),  1-31-36. 
Chinatown's     Telephone     Exchange,     The 

Story  of,  Wm.  Hoy,  4-10-36. 
China  and  Her  Overseas  Nationals — Wm. 

Hoy,  7-24-36. 
China  and  Her  Nationals  Abroad:  Interview 
with  Consul  C.  C.  Huang — Lim  P. 
Lee,  11-27-36. 
China's  Students  on  the  Present  Sino-Japa- 
nese  Situation — Wm.  Hoy,  12-27-35, 
1-3-36. 
Chinese-American  Citizen's  Alliance,  Its  Ac- 
tivities   and    History — Lim    P.    Lee, 
10-30-36. 
CHINESE  DISCOVERIES  AND  INVEN- 
TIONS— Series  by  Chingwah  Lee 
China    Contributed   the    Finger    Printing 

System,  12-6-35. 
Chinese   Invented   the   Seismograph,   12- 

13-35. 
Chinese  Were  First  to  Utilize  Natural  Gas, 

12-20-35. 
Chinese  Brought  Playing  Cards  and  Dom- 
inoes Into  Europe,  12-27-36. 
China  Had  the  First  League  of  Nations, 

1-3-36. 
Chinese  Were  the  First  to  Play  Football, 

The,  1-10-36. 
Chinese  Invented  Chief  Varieties  of  Paper, 

The,  1-17-36. 
Chinese  Invented  Block  Printing,  Movable 

Type  Printing,  1-24-36. 
Chinese   Invented   Lithography,  The,   1- 

31-36. 
Chinese    Discovered    Circulation    of    the 
Blood  and  Practiced  Dissection  2000 
Years  Ago,  2-7-36. 
China   Originated  the  Informal   Garden, 

2-21-36. 
China    Had    the    First    Planetarium    and 
Relief  Map,  2-28-36. 


China  Had  Board  of  Public  Health  3000 

Years  Ago,  3-13-36. 
Chinese  Invented  the  Mongolian  Arrow 
Release,  the  Archer's  Ring,  the  Triple 
Arc  Composite  Bow,  the  Balanced 
Wrist  Guards  and  the  Repeating 
Cross  Bow,  11-6-36. 
Chinese  Invented  the  Leeboard,  the  Bal- 
anced Rudder  and  Watertight  Com- 
partmental  Ship,  11-13-36. 

Chinese  During  Depression  —  Ethel  Lum, 
11-22-35. 

Chinese  Journalism  on  the  West  Coast — 
Lim  P.  Lee,  11-13-36. 

Chinese  Language  Schools  in  Chinatown — 
Ethel  Lum,  2-7-36. 

Chinese  Registrations  During  Recent  Years 
—Ethel  Lum,  2-21-36. 

Chinese  Theatre,  Yesterday  and  Today — 
Kwok  Ying  Fung,  7-31-36. 

Chunk  of  Old  China,  A— Frank  J.  Taylor, 
7-10-36. 

Confucius— Dr.  Henry  H.  Hart,  1-17-36. 

Cultural  Relations  Between  United  States 
and  China:  Interview  with  Chih 
Meng — Lim  P.  Lee,  11-6-36. 

Cutler,  Leland — San  Francisco's  Bay  Expo- 
sition, 4-24-36. 

D 

Does  My  Future  Lie  in  China  or  America? 

(Essay)— Robert  Dunn,  5-15-36. 
Does  My  Future  Lie  in  China  or  America? 

(Essay)— Kaye  Hong,  5-22-36. 
Dragon  Comes  to  Fair  Harvard,  A — Wm. 

Hoy,  9-25-36. 
Dunn,    Robert— Does    My    Future    Lie    in 

China  or  America?,  5-15-36. 
Dusen,  William  Van — Wings  to  China,  11- 

22-35,  11-29-35,  12-6-35. 


Economic  Life  of  the  Chinese  in  U.  S. 
P.  Lee,  10-16-36. 


-Lim 


Feng    Yu    Hsiang     (see    A    Revolutionist 
Among  Revolutionists). 

G 

Great  Walls  of  China,  The— C.  A.  Middle- 
ton-Smith,  9-4-36,  9-11-36,  9-18-36. 

H 

Haim,  Herbert   J.— Cathay  Club  of  S.   F., 

3-20-36,  3-27-36,  4-3-36,  4-10-36. 
Hart,  Dr.  Henry  H  — 
Confucius,  1-17-36. 
How  China  Got  Its  Name,  1 1 
Kuan  Yin,  Goddess  of  Mercy,  1-3-36. 
Romance  of  Silk,  12-13-35, 
Yang  Kuci  Fei,  1-10-36. 
History  of  the  Chinese  Y.M.C  \      Henry  S. 

Tom,  7-10-36. 
Ho  Ying-Chin:  biographical  sketch,  1-3-36. 
Hong,  Kaye — Does  My  Future  Lie  in  China 

or  America?.  5-22-36. 
How  China  Got   lt<  Name— Dr.  Henry  H. 

Hart,  11-22-35. 
Hoy,  William— 
Ah  Louis,  Story  of  a  California  Chine-;-. 

4-3-36. 
Around  the  World  With  a  Chinese  Gen- 
eral, 7-31-36. 
Book  Notes   (see   topical   heading   under 
that  title). 


January,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  11 


CHINESE    DIGEST    INDEX 


Book  Reviews  (see  topical  heading  under 
that  title) . 

Catholic  Press  in  China,  The,  8-28-36. 
.       Chang-Tai-yen:  1868-1936,  7-17-36. 

Chinatown's  Telephone  Exchange,  4-10- 
36. 

Chinatown,  My  Chinatown,  10-9-36. 

China  and  Her  Overseas  Nationals,  7- 
24-36. 

China's  Students  on  the  Present  Sino- 
Japanese  Situation,  12-27-35,  1-3-36. 

Dragon  Comes  to  Fair  Harvard,  A,  9-2S, 
36. 

Feng  Yu  Hsiang  (see  Revolutionist  Among 
Revolutionists). 

Hui  Sien,  Discoverer  of  America,  12-20- 
35. 

Hu  Shih  and  Ch'en  Tu-hsiu  (in  Jottings 
from  a  Reviewer's  Notebook),  11-20- 
(:  36. 

Idwal  Jones  (notes  on)  (see  Jottings  from 
a  Reviewer's  Notebook),  11-27-36. 

Jottings  from  a  Reviewer's  Notebook,  4- 
24-36,  11-20-36,  11-27-36. 

Lady  Precious  Stream,  Random  Notes 
on,  2-7-36. 

Lu  Shun  (China's  Greatest  Short  Story 
Writer),  10-30-36. 

Moy  Jin  Mun,  Life  Story  of  a  California 
Chinese,  5-15-36. 

Overseas  Chinese,  News  Notes,  5-8-36,  8- 
14-36,  9-4-36. 

Passing  of  Chinatown:  Fact  or  Fancy,  1- 
31-36. 

Postscript  to  the  Late  Hu  Han-min,  A, 
6-19-36. 

Rising  Industrialism  in  China,  1-10-36. 

Revolutionist  Among  Revolutionists,  A 
(the  career  of  Feng  Yu  Hsiang),  1- 
17-36. 

Situation  in  North  China  Aggravated  by 
Wide  Spread  Smuggling,  5-22-36. 

Su  Mandju  (see  Jottings  from  a  Review- 
er's Notebook)  11-20-36. 

Ting  Wen  Chiang,  Scientist  and  Philoso- 
pher, 1-24-36. 

Two  Consecrated  Lives,  5-1-36. 

What  Price  Freedom  for  the  Philippines?, 
11-22-35. 

When  Rudyard  Kipling  Saw  Chinatown, 
12-13-35. 

Yankee  Adventurer  and  the  Living  Bud- 
dha, A,  2-28-36. 

Hu  Shih  (see  Jottings  from  a  Reviewer's 
Notebook),  11-20-36. 
Huang  Chao-Chin:  biographical  sketch,  11- 

15-35. 
Hui  Sien,  Discoverer  of  America — Wm.  Hoy, 
12-20-35. 

I 
Idwal  Jones,  Notes  on  (see  Jottings  from  a 

Reviewer's  Notebook)   11-27-36. 
Institute  of  Pacific  Relations,  Yosemite  Con- 
ference of  the — Lim  P.  Lee,  8-28-36. 
Is  the  Care  of  the  Chinese  Our  Responsi- 
bility ?— Samuel  D.  Lee,  12-6-35. 

J 

Japanese   Expansion   Hits  Mongolia  —  Tsu 

Pan,  12-27-35. 
Jottings  from  a  Reviewer's  Notebook — Wm. 

Hoy,  4-24-36,  11-20-36,  11-27-36. 


Journalism  on  the  West  Coast,  Chinese — 
Lim  P.  Lee,  11-13-36. 

K 

Kuan  Yin,  Goddess  of  Mercy —  Dr.  Henry 
H.  Hart,  1-3-36. 

Kung,  H.  H.,  biographical  sketch,  12-13-35. 

Kwok  Ying  Fung — Chinese  Theatre,  Yes- 
terday and  Today,  7-31-36. 

L 

Lady  Precious  Stream,  Random  Notes  on — 

Wm.  Hoy,  2-7-35. 
Lake  Tahoe  Chinese  Christian  Conference — 

Lim  P.  Lee,  8-14-36. 
Lee,  Chingwah — 

Bronze,  Chinese,  11-15-35. 
Reflections  on  Chinese  Art,  11-29-35. 
See  also  topical  headings  under  following 

3    titles:     CERAMICS,    CHINESE 

DISCOVERIES,  INVENTIONS  and 

REMEMBER  WHEN. 
LEE,  Lim  P.— 

American-born  Chinese  in  Hawaii,  The, 

9-11-36. 
Chinese-American    Citizens'   Alliance,   its 

Activities  and  History,  10-30-36. 
Cultural    Relations   Between    U.    S.   and 

China:    interview  with   Chih   Meng, 

11-6-36. 
China  and  Her  Nationals  Abroad;  inter- 
view with  Consul  Huang,  11-27-36. 
Economic  Life  of  the  Chinese  in  U.  S., 

The,  10-16-36. 
Institute   of  Pacific   Relations,  Yosemite 

Conference  of,  8-28-36. 
Journalism  on  the  West  Coast,  Chinese, 

11-13-36. 
Lake  Tahoe  Chinese  Christian  Conference, 

8-14-36. 
Pacific  Area  Conference  of  the  World's 

Student    Christian    Federation,    The, 

9-4-36. 
Political  Rights  of  American  Citizens  of 

Chinese  Ancestry:  as  told  by  Kenneth 

Y.  Fung,  10-23-36. 
Problems  of  the  Chinese  Students:  inter- 
view with  Dr.  B.  C.  Wong,  10-2-36. 
Sino-Japanese   Issues  at   Yosemite   Con- 
ference   of    I.P.R.:    interview    with 

Prof.  N.  Wing  Mah,  9-25-36. 
Social  Survey,  The,  11-20-36. 
Lee,  Samuel  D. — Is  the  Care  of  the  Chinese 

Our  Responsibility?,  12-6-35. 
Lin  Sen:  biographical  sketch,  12-20-35. 
Liu  Hai-su — Aims  of  the  Chinese  Painters, 

8-7-36. 
Lu  Shun— Wm.  Hoy,  10-30-36. 
Lum,  Ethel- 
Chinese  During  Depression,  11-22-35. 
Child  Welfare  Conference,  12-27-35. 
Chinese  Language  Schools  in  Chinatown, 

2-7-36. 
Chinese     Registrations     During     Recent 

Years,  2-21-36. 
Mei  Lun  Yuen,  1-17-36. 
Nursery  School,  Chinese,  2-28-36. 
WPA  and  Chinatown,  1-10-36. 

M 

1   Mei  Lun  Yuen — Ethel  Lum,  1-17-36. 
Middleton-Smith,    C.    A.— Great    Walls   of 
China,  The,  9-4-36,  9-11-36,  9-18-36. 

.'Moy  Jin  Mun,  Story  of  A  California  Chi- 
nese— Wm.  Hoy,  5-15-36. 


N 

Native  Daughter  of  1869,  A,  5-29-36. 

New  States  in  North  China— Tsu  Pan,  11- 

29-35. 
North  China  in  Danger!— Tsu  Pan,  11-22- 

35. 
North  China  in  Deadlock— Tsu  Pan,  12-6- 

35. 
Nursery  School,  Chinese — Ethel  Lum,  2-28- 
36. 

0 

Overseas  Chinese,  News  Notes  of — Wm. 
Hoy,  5-8-36,  8-14-36,  9-4-36. 

P 

Pacific  Area  Conference  of  the  World's  Stu- 
dent Christian  Federation,  The — Lim 
P.  Lee,  9-4-36. 

Passing  of  Chinatown:  Fact  or  Fancy — 
Wm.  Hoy,  1-31-36. 

Political  Rights  of  American  Citizens  of 
Chinese  Ancestry,  The,  — Lim  P.  Lee, 
10-23-36. 

Postscript  to  the  Late  Hu  Han-min,  A — Wm. 
Hoy,  6-19-36. 

Poy,  Henry  J. — China's  Adoption  of  Mod- 
ern Aerial  Communication,  1-3-36, 
1-10-36. 

Problems  of  the  Chinese  Students:  interview 
with  Dr.  B.  C.  Wong— Lim  P.  Lee-, 
10-2-36. 

R 

Reflections  on  Chinese  Art — Chingwah  Lee, 

11-29-35. 
Remember  When  ?  Series  by  Chingwah  Lee, 

1-10-36,  1-17,  1-24,  1-31,  2-14,  2-21, 

2-28,  3-6,  3-27,  9-25,  11-20-36. 
Revolutionist    Among    Revolutionists,    A — ■ 

Wm.  Hoy,  1-17-36. 
Rising  Industrialism  in  China — Wm.  Hoy, 

1-10-36. 
Romance  of  Silk — Dr.  Henry  H.  Hart,  12- 

13-35. 

s 

San  Francisco's  Bay  Exposition — Leland  W. 

Cutler,  4-24-36. 
v  Second  Generation  Chinese  in  U.S.:  speech 

by  Grace  W.  Wang,  8-7-36. 
Silk,  Romance  of — Dr.  Henry  H.  Hart,  12- 

13-36. 
Silver  Standard,  China  Off— Tsu  Pan,  11-15- 

35. 
Sino-Japanese  Issues  at  Yosemite  Confer- 
ence— Lim  P.  Lee,  9-25-36. 
Situation   in   North   China  Aggravated  by 

Wide  Spread  Smuggling — Wm.  Hoy, 

5-22-36. 
Social  Survey,  The— Lim  P.  Lee,  11-20-36. 
Soong,  T.  V.:  biographical  sketch,  12-6-35. 
Su  Mandju  (see  Jottings  from  a  Reviewer's 

Notebook),  11-20-36. 

T 
Taylor,  Frank  J.— A  Chunk  of  Old  China, 

7-10-36. 
Telephone    Exchange,    Chinatown's  —  Wm. 

Hoy,  4-10-36. 
Ting  Wen  Chiang,  Scientist  and  Philosopher, 

1-24-36. 
Tom,  Henry  Shue — History  of  the  Chinese 

Y.M.C.A.,  7-10-36. 

(Continued  on  Page  15) 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1937 


SPORTS 


Fred  George  Woo. 


NAN  WAHS  FAVORED  TO 
TAKE  WAHYING  TITLE 

Wah  Ying  Club's  Bay  Region  Chinese 
Basketball  championships  go  into  the  third 
week  of  play  Sunday,  December  27,  at  the 
Kezar  Pavillion,  with  the  first  contest  sched- 
uled for  7  p.  m. 

That  Nan  Wah  Club  is  one  of  the  top 
favorites  to  win  the  title  is  the  fans'  general 
opinion,  although  the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
Shangtai  and  the  defending  champions, 
Troop  Three  Scouts,  boast  of  such  strong 
teams  that  they  must  be  reckoned  with. 

With  such  veterans  as  Fred  Gok,  George 
Lee,  Johnny  Wong,  Fred  H.  Wong  and 
others  in  the  line-up,  the  Nan  Wahs  present 
a  formidable  outfit.  Stiff  competition  for  the 
Nan  Wahs  is  expected  to  come  from  the  "Y" 
aggregation,  which  includes  such  well-known 
cagers  as  Herbert  Tom,  Wahso  Chan,  Frank 
Wong,  Ted  Chin,  Thomas  Yep  and  several 
others  of  proven  ability. 

Murphy  Chan,  Chauncey  Yip,  Allen  Lee, 
Howard  Ho,  Frank  Chan  and  Charles  Hing 
are  expected  to  carry  the  Shangtai  five  into 
the  thick  of  the  championship  scramble, 
while  the  Scouts  will  rely  on  their  vets,  Earl 
Wong,  Henry  Kan,  Don  Lee,  Hin  Chin  and 
Phillip  Chinn  to  do  the  heavy  work. 

The  St.  Mary's,  Nulite  and  the  Chan  Ying 
clubs  form  the  rest  of  the  league.  All  are  dark 
horses,  with  the  possibility  that  one  of  them 
may  be  of  championship  caliber.  The  Nulites 
have  some  fine  players  in  Daniel  Leong,  Er- 
nest Leong,  Harry  JLouie,  Altred  Gee,  Charles 
Lew  and  Wilfred  Jue,  and  St.  Mary's  greatly 
strengthened  by  the  addition  of  Stephen 
Way  and  Eddie  Way,  will  take  the  court  with 
such  stalwarts  as  Jimmy  Chew,  Arthur  Yim, 
and  Charles  Low.  Among  Chan  Yings'  main- 
stays are  Charles  Louie,  Henry  Mew,  Wil- 
liam Chan  and  Albert  Dere,  who  may  carry 
the  team  into  the  thick  of  battles. 

Here's  how  the  Chinese  Digest  sports  de- 
partment picks  the  teams  to  finish:  Nan 
Wah,  Shangtai,  Chinese  "Y",  Troop  Three, 
St.  Mary's,  Nulite  and  Chan  Yings,  in  the 
order  named. 

Remainder  of  the  league  schedule: 

December  27,  at  Kezar,  Chinese  "Y"  vs. 
Chan  Ying,  Shangtai  vs.  Nan  Wah,  Troop 
Three  vs.  St.  Mary's. 

January  3,  at  Burke's  Gym,  St.  Mary";  vs. 
Shangtai,  Troop  Three  vs.  Nulite,  Nan  Wah 
vs.  Chan  Yings. 

January  10,  at  Burke's  Gym.  Nan  Wah  vs. 
Chinese  "Y",  Shangtai  vs.  Nulite,  Troop 
Three  vs.  Chan  Yings. 

January  17,  at  Burke's  Gym,  Chinese  "Y" 
vs.  Troop  Three,  Nulite  vs.  Chan  Yings,  St. 
Mary's  vs.  Nan  Wah. 

January  24,  at  Burke's  Gym,  Chinese  "Y" 
vs.  Shangtai,  Nulite  vs.  St.  Mary's,  Nan 
Wahs  vs.  Troop  Three. 


S.F.CHINESE  WIN 
RICE  BOWL  CLASSIC 

Playing  under  a  drenching  rain  on  a  thor- 
oughly soaked  field,  the  San  Francisco  Chi- 
nese football  team  defeated  the  Los  Angeles 
Chinese  at  the  U.  S.  F.  field  Sunday  after- 
noon, 6-0,  in  the  Rice  Bowl  classic. 

On  the  second  play  in  the  second  quarter, 
Charlie  Hing,  San  Francisco  halfback, 
dashed  over  right  tackle  for  the  score  after 
a  forty -five-yard  run,  snaking  and  eeling  his 
way  over  to  elude  several  would-be  Los 
Angeles  tacklers. 

Outstanding  for  the  San  Francisco  eleven 
were  Jack  Fong  and  Charlie  Hing,  backs, 
who  executed  some  nice  end  runs  and  off- 
tackle  plays,  while  Marshall  Leong  proved 
himself  a  booming  line-plunger,  opening 
holes  many  a  time  himself.  In  the  line,  Er- 
nest Lee,  tackle,  and  the  ends,  Woodrow 
Louie,  Ed  Yee  and  Willie  Gingee,  were  stars. 

For  the  southern  team,  the  Ung  brothers, 
Ted  and  Ken,  played  fine  ball,  while  in  the 
line,  Young  Yoon  was  a  "rock  of  Gibraltar" 
on  defense  and  A.  Lew  performed  creditably. 

Following  the  game,  Coach  Bill  Fischer  of 
the  S.  F.  team  stated,  '"In  meeting  the  L.  A. 
Chinese  boys,  the  S.  F.  Chinese  met  a  well- 
coached  team.  Their  boys  played  a  wonder- 
ful brand  of  football  and  it's  a  tribute  to 
their  coach  and  to  Los  Angeles.  The  score 

tells  the  superb  plane  which  the  S.  F.  boys 
executed  today.  I  feel  that  this  team  will 
make  history  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  the 
Chinese.  I  hope  to  schedule  other  contests. 
Old  man  rain  did  not  dampen  the  spirit  of 
my  boys,  and  I  feel  honored  to  coach  such  a 
worthy  group  of  lads." 

Dick  Chapman,  acting  coach  of  the  L.  A. 
squad,  said,  "It  was  a  good  all-around  clean 
game.  The  rain  hurt  us.  Being  a  light  team, 
we  depend  upon  speed.  For  a  rainy  day,  the 
best  team  won." 

The  Rice  Bowl  turned  out  to  be  a  "Rain 
Bowl"  and  the  irony  of  it  all  was  the  broad- 
casting of  "I  Love  You  (Sunny)  California" 
between  the  halves.  The  traditional  Lion 
Dance  was  performed  by  the  Boy  Scouts  of 
the  Chinese  Catholic  Mission,  and  the  Drum 
and  Bugle  Corps  performed  exceedingly  well 
under  the  handicap  of  the  pravailing  rain. 

This  Bowl  game  was  mentioned  in  an 
NBC  broadcast  during  a  football  rally  held 
in  the  San  Francisco  War  Memorial  Opera 
House  for  the  annual  East-West  All-Stars 
Shrine  Football  Game  for  Crippled  Children. 
This  game  is  expected  to  be  the  annual 
"Bowl  Game"  of  San  Francisco. 


HAWAIIAN  STARS  SHINE 
IN  PORTLAND 

The  Hawaiian  All-Stars  were  seen  in  ac- 
tion at  the  Portland  Y.  M.  C.  A.  recently. 
In  a  tUt  with  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  team,  the  All- 
Stars  were  victorious,  chalking  up  a  score 
of  30-20. 

This  team  is  composed  of  strictly  native 
Hawaiian.  The  rest  of  the  personnel  is  com- 
posed of  Russell  J.  Mingee,  promoter  and 
business  manager;  Manager  Willie  Kilgore 
and  Coach  Al  Miller. 

The  team  is  led  by  Captain  Walter  Wong, 
who  is  fast,  a  natural  dribbler  and  a  good 
shot.  Combined  with  the  strategic  plays  of 
Chew  Chong  Ching,  the  consistency  of  Larry 
Eddie  Akau  and  Al  Chew  Goo,  the  sharp 
shooting  of  Jow  Cabral,  the  passing  of 
Swanne  Pang  and  the  excellent  all-around 
playing  of  Foro  Moriguchi  the  invaders  are 
a  hard  team  to  beat. 

•  • 

PORTLAND  SPORT  FLASHES 

The  Chung  Wah  basketball  team  of  Port- 
land practice  workouts  are  well  under  way. 
This  girls'  ball  club  is  the  "A"  team  in  the 
City  of  Roses,  and  one  which  has  held  un- 
disputed claim  to  the  championship  of  the 
Northwest  for  the  past  two  years.  During 
this  time  the  "Chung  Wahs"  have  never  been 
defeated  by  any  Oriental  team. 

This  year  the  team  will  be  led  by  honorary 
captain  La  Lun  Chin.  Miss  Chinn  started  her 
basketball  career  in  1928  as  a  member  of  the 
Beaverton  High  team.  Because  of  her  in- 
spirational fighting  spirit  together  with  her 
natural  ability  to  handle  the  ball  and  to 
shoot  with  uncanny  accuracy,  she  • 
named  captain  in  the  last  two  years  at 
Beaverton.  Both  seasons  the  school  team 
won  the  championship  of  the  Washington 
County  League.  Since  graduation  until  the 
present  time  La  Lun  has  played  for  the 
Chung  Wah. 

The  Chung  Wah  team  is  contemplating  a 
trip  throughout  California  in  February,  and 
would  like  to  schedule  games  against  the 
different  Chinese  girls'  teams.  The  Portland 
team  can  be  reached  at  608  S.  W.  Alder  5 
in  care  of  Leah  Hing  or  Ed 

The  Wah  Kiang  Club  opened  theii 
with  a  14  to  S  win  over  the  Japan,-     \    C. 
at  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  courts  December  4.  but 
lost  the  second  game  the  following  dtj    to 
the  Neighborhood  House.  22-21, 

Although  the  young  Chinese  team  showed 
a  powerful  defense  in  their  two  -'.arts,  their 
offense  was  ragged  at  times  and  can  stand 
a  lot  of  improvement  before  the  annual 
games  with  the  Seattle  teams,  one  of  which 
is  now  scheduled  lor  December 


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January,  1937 


CHINESE   DIGEST 


Page   13 


SPORTS 


OUTSTANDING  ATHLETES  OF  THE  MONTH 

Miss  Lalun  Chin  of  Portland  captains  the  Chung  Wah  basket- 
ball team  which  has  been  undefeated  for  two  years. 

Barnstormers  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands  were  members  of 
the  Hawaiian  All-Stars  which  completed  a  successful  trip  to 
the  Pacific  Northwest.  Players  are,  from  left  to  right:  Eddie 
Okau,  Richard  Tom,  George  Ching,  Swanne  Pang,  Joe  Cabral, 
Walter  Wong,  Sonny  Lee,  Chew  Chong  Ching,  and  C.  Mongushi 

San  Francisco's  gridders  emerged  from  several  years'  hibern- 
ation to  hang  up  a  close  win  over  the  Los  Angeles  gridders  on 
December  20  in  San  Francisco.    The  victors  are  shown  below. 


<* 


Page   14 


CHINESE       D'.oEST 


January,   1937 


SPORTS 


SPORTSHORTS 

Dr.  D.  K.   Chang,  Mac  Soo  Hoo,  Fred 
Jow,  Tong  Loy,  Tommy  Leong  and  others 
got  their  limits  in  the  duck  hunting  season. 
.  .  .  Fred  Jow,  kingfish  in  striped  and  black 
bass,  won  cash  prizes  for  the  year  of  the 
Chinese  Sportsmen  Club.  .  .  .  Slim  Young 
and  Quon  Soo  Hoo  have  Irish  water  spaniels, 
and  have  donated  the  services  to  the  club's 
forthcoming  hunt.  .  .  .  Some  sort  of  a  record 
is  claimed  by  the   Chinese  "Y"  80-pound 
basketball     team.     Recently     the     Chinese 
eighties  trounced  the  Mission  branch  in  a 
Decathlon  game  to  the  remarkable  tune  of 
64-0.  Well,  it's  something  to  brag  about  any- 
way. Previous  to  that,  the  Chinese  had  two 
shut-out  wins,  defeating  Salesians,  44-0,  and 
the  St.  Mary's  A.  C,  16-0.  . .  .  Trailing  30-22 
at  half,  the  Locke  Chinese  School  came  back 
strong  in  the  second  half  to  overcome  the 
lead  of  Sacramento  to  win,  54-44,  in  a  re- 
cent cage  game.  P.  Lee,  W.  Jang  and  H.  Jang 
starred  for  the  winners,  while  Edmund  Yee, 
G.  Louie  and  E.  Fong  stood  out  for  the 
capital  boys.  ...  A  large  crowd  turned  out  to 
witness  the  Lowa  Chinese  hoopsters  of  Los 
Angeles  administered  a  recent  beating  to  the 
Bears,  a  Japanese  team,  43-22.  .  .  .  Watson- 
ville's   Chinese   basketball   team   is   getting 
ready  for  another  season  with  but  two  veter- 
ans, Earl  Goon  and  Parker  Chan,  the  rest  of 
the  players  being  players  of  unknown  qual- 
ity. The  others  on  the  squad  are  Johnson 
Chinn,  Joe  Chin,  Henry  Lew,  Lew  Shew, 
Edward  Chinn,  Henry  Leong,  Walter  Lew, 
Harry  Goon,  Elmer  Shew,  Bock  Jang,  Wil- 
liam Shew  and  Robert  Lew.  .  .  .  Three  bas- 
ketball teams  have  been  organized  this  sea- 
son by  the  Chinese  of  Locke,  the  Chinese 
School  "A"  and  "B"  teams,  and  the  Town 
Team,  which  is  a  recently  formed  aggrega- 
tion. The  Towrn  Team  is  composed  of  How- 
ard Chan,  Bill  King,  Kimball  Owyang,  Ches- 
ter King  and  Albert  Low.  Chan  and  Bill 
King  are   former  Sacramento   County   all- 
conference  players  for  Courtland  Hi,  while 
Chester  King  was  a  star  from  a  Canton, 
China,  college  five.  .  .  .  Fairly  large  crowds 
have  been  treking  to  the  Kezar  Court  every 
Sunday  evening  to  witness  the  Wah  Ying 
League  games.  On  December  27,  three  con- 
tests are  on  tap  at  Kezar,  while  on  January 
3,  10,  17  and  24,  games  will  be  played  at  the 
Burke's  Gym.  .  .  .  The  Santa  Barbara's  Sun 
Wah  Club  is  planning  to  enter  the  City  Boys 
Cage   League   again   this   year.    The   team 
showed  up  well  in  vanquishing  a  number  of 
strong  teams  and  hopes  to  wind  up  near  the 
top  of  the  league.  .  .  .  Senation!  Sammy 
Fooey  was  in  the  recent  Golden  Gloves  Box- 
ing Tournament !  From  the  fans'  standpoint, 
Sammy  is  some  battler,  or  he  wouldn't  have 
reached  the   semi-finals  against   such   keen 
competition.  .  .  .  The  Scouts  Varsity  meets 
the  S.  F.  J.  C.  Chinese  in  a  cage  game,  with 
the  preliminary  at  2  p.  m.  at  the  Salvation 
Army  court  on  Christmas  Dav. 


MONTEREY  FIVE  LOSES 

Handicapped  by  the  absence  of  Benson 
Choye,  star  forward,  the  Monterey  Chinese 
quintet  dropped  a  32-30  decision  to  the 
Monterey  Y.  M.  I.,  composed  of  former 
high  school  stars,  recently.  The  Chinese 
staged  a  rally  during  the  closing  minutes  of 
play,  but  fell  short  by  two  points  of  tying 
the  count. 

Paul  Mark,  with  seventeen  points,  and 
Tommy  Gee,  Paul  Chinn,  Edwin  and 
Howard  Low  gave  stellar  performances. 

•  • 

BOWLING  MEET 

Looking  futuristically  toward  the  Ameri- 
can Bowling  Congress  Meet  in  New  York 
City  in  March  with  enthusiastic  anticipa- 
tions, numerous  Chinese  bowling  teams  have 
been  formed  in  that  city.  The  Chinatown 
league,  numbering  eight  competing  teams, 
holds  its  weekly  meeting  every  Wednesday 
evening. 

Quoting  from  Captain  George  Sing,  leader 
of  the  team  entered  in  the  A.  B.  C.  tourney, 
"With  such  a  steady  scoring  team,  the  Chi- 
nese will  be  well  represented  in  the  coming 
contests." 

•  • 

THE  UNKNOWN  PACKERS 

One  of  the  reasons  why  San  Francisco's 
Chinatown  is  so  keen  about  football  this 
year  may  be  attributed  to  the  Unknown 
Packers,  a  pigskin  team  averaging  100 
pounds.  Young  though  they  are,  they  take 
their  football  as  seriously  as  the  college 
gridmen  do. 

Coached  by  Edwin  Bing  Dong,  former 
backfield  star  of  the  Lick-Wilmerding  High 
School,  the  Packers  have  won  their  last  two 
starts,  defeating  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Tigers  48-0, 
and  Hip  Wo  School,  13-6.  The  young  grid- 
iron men  have  two  games  remaining  on  the 
schedule,  although  no  dates  have  been  set — 
one  against  the  Chinese  Playground  team  of 
Fred  Mah  and  the  other  against  Chung  Wah 
School,  coached  by  Leon  Lym. 


American  Nat'l   Insurance  Co. 

333   Montgomery   Street 

FRANCIS  B.  LAI 

District    Manager    Oriental    Dept. 

Honest  —  Dependable  Service 

DOuglas   4423   or    CHina    1850 


Season's  Greetings 

LAWRENCE    MAH 

INSURANCE 
315    Montgomery    Street 


FOUL  SHOT  CHAMPS 

Arnold  Lim  and  Jack  Seid  were  crowned 
champions  of  the  third  annual  Chinese  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  Foul  Shooting  Tournament  held  early 
this  month.  Arnold  won  in  the  senior  divi- 
sion, while  Jack  was  winner  in  the  junior 
class. 

Following  are  the  winners  of  first,  second, 
third  and  fourth  places,  named  in  order: 
Senior,  Arnold  Lim,  Bing  Chin,  Me  Sing, 
and  Frank  Wong;  Junior,  Jack  Seid,  Lok 
Jung  Ghin,  Harry  Chin  and  Fred  Hong. 

Both  first  place  winners  caged  twenty  out 
of  twenty-five  tries,  quite  a  difference  from 
the  world's  record  of  499  consecutive  free 
throws  made  in  Chicago  by  Harry  Leavitt. 


BEST    HOLIDAY   WISHES 

FROM  THE 

CANTON     NOODLE 

FACTORY 

Jack  Eng,  Mgr. 

1135   Stockton    St.          San   Francisco 

LEE  b  QUAN  CO. 


Insurance  Brokers 


Lee, 


Louis   A.    Quan    -    Richard    L. 

Proprietors 
All  Forms  of   Insurance 

867  Washington  St.    CH.  2071 


GREETINGS 

AN  D 

SALUTATIONS 


THE 

TWIN 
DRAGON 

WISHES    YOU 

A 

MERRY     CHRISTMAS 

AN  D     A 

HAPPY 

NEW    YEAR 


January,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  15 


CHINATOWNIA 


REMEMBER  WHEN? 

~""  By   Chingwah  Lee 

Remember  when  our  girls  used  to  have 
"embroidery  circles,"  and  how  they  used  to 
exchange  patterns  and  gossip  over  their 
needles  ? 

Ja-jum  or  silk  embroidery  was  considered 
a  primary  requisite  for  a  cultured  lady,  and 
her  matrimonial  merits  were  often  judged  as 
much  by  the  charm  of  her  needlework  as  by 
the  daintiness  of  her  features.  "A  girl  who 
cannot  ja-jum  is  not  fit  for  marriage.  If  poor 
she  cannot  contribute  to  the  support  of  the 
family;  if  wealthy,  she  does  not  know  what 
to  do  with  her  leisure" — so  says  the  old 
timer. 

Girls  of  marriageable  age  would  carry 
their  sewing  baskets  and  portfolios  of  ban 
(patterns  cr  samplers)  to  the  home  of  one  of 
the  girls,  preferably  one  with  several  eligible 
brothers.  The  samplers  are  tracings  on  tis- 
sue paper,  done  with  the  Chinese  ink  and 
brush,  and  some  of  them  are  exquisite  work 
by  themselves.  They  not  only  exchange 
samplers  but  consult  the  older  ones  as  to 
what  stitch  to  use  for  a  given  design — how 
to  give  "body"  to  deers  and  kilins,  how  to 
put  "structural  qualities"  into  dragons  and 
butterflies.  Very  important  is  the  confer- 
ence on  colors:  how  to  bring  out  the  un- 
earthly tinge  to  a  kingfisher's  feathers;  how 
to  make  the  peacock's  plumage  realistic  and 
yet  not  flashy  (lo-lo  sut-sut),  how  to  bring 
out  the  central  design ;  how  to  put  life  into 
flowers. 

It  is  surprising  how  much  of  the  finer 
points  on  needlework  decoration  the  older 
girls  can  carry  in  their  heads.  Off  hand  they 
can  name  hundreds  of  motives,  scores  of 
pleasing  combinations,  and  appropriate  de- 
signs for  different  objects  or  different  occa- 
sions. Remember  the  patterns  on  some  of  the 
things  sister  made? 

a.  Younger  brother's  cap  with  the  eight 
genii  (pa  shien)  decoration. 

b.  Father's  tobacco  pouch  with  the  mal- 
low design  (symbol  of  quietude). 

c.  The  four  panels  with  the  flowers  of 
the  four  seasons  (mei  Ian  kuk,  juk). 

d.  Brother's  bedspread  with  the  hawk  and 
sun  pattern  (symbols  of  vision) . 

e.  The  tea  cosy  cover  with  the  eight  tri- 
gram  (pa  kwa)  design. 

f.  Mother's  headband  (tou  pau)  with  the 
azalea  and  butterfly  pattern  (grace). 

g.  Milady's  slippers  with  the  peony  de- 
sign (spring,  youth,  and  romance). 

h.  Baby  carrying  strap  (mei  tai)  with  the 
pomegranate  (fruitfulness)  pattern. 

i.  The  heung  pou  (sachel)  and  ho  pou 
(purses)  with  gold  appliques. 

During  the  stitching  there  would  be  a 
great  deal  of  random  remarks  and  whisper- 
ing as  to  what  is  going  on.  "Have  you  heard  ? 
So  and  so  is  already  expecting  a  blessed 
event?"  "So  and  so  is  asking  So  and  So's 
father  to  'jo  chun.'  The  poor  suiter,  she's  a 
real  yuk  po  (medicine  pot."  "So  and  So 
brought  his  wife  another  jade  bracelet, 
nearly  half  an  inch  thick,  and  well  veined." 
"So  and  so  plucks  her  eyebrows,  and  really, 


Chinese  Digest  Index 

(Continued  from   Page   11) 
Tsu  Pan — 

China  Off  Silver  Standard,  11-15-35. 
Japanese  Expansion  Hits  Mongolia,  11- 

27-35. 
North  China  in  Danger!,  11-22-35. 
North  China  in  Deadlock,  11-6-35. 
New  State  in  North  China,  11-29-35. 
See  also  TOPICAL  heading  under  FAR 
EAST  for  period  from   11-15-35   to 
2-28-36. 
Two  Consecrated  Lives — Wm.  Hov,  5-1-36. 

u 

U.S.  Branch  of  Bank  of  China  Opens,  7-17- 
36. 

w 

Wang    Ching-Wei:  biographical   sketch,    11- 

22-35. 
What   Price   Freedom   for  the  Philippines? 

11-22-35. 
When    Rudyard    Kipling   Saw   Chinatown, 

12-13-35. 
Why  the  Digest:  Editorial,  11-15-35,  same  in 

issue  of  11-13-36. 
Wings  to  China — Wm.  Van  Dusen,  11-22- 

35,  11-29,   12-6-36. 
WPA  and  Chinatown— Ethel  Lum,  1-10-36. 
World's  Student  Christian  Federation,  Pa- 
cific Area  Conference  of  the — Lim  P. 

Lee,  9-4-36. 

Y 

Yang  Kuei  Fei— Dr.  Henry  H.  Hart,  1-10- 

36. 
Yankee  Adventurer  and  the  Living  Buddha, 

A— Wm.  Hoy,  2-28-36. 

she  still  uses  powder."  "So  and  So  is  already 
settling  down;  the  other  day  her  hair  looked 
like  a  hen's  nest."  "So  and  So's  mother 
wanted  200  lai  bang  hop  (gift  boxes)  for 
her  wedding;  such  nerve."  "Number  two  of 
rich  So  and  So  is  taking  over  his  father's 
business;  they  say  he  can  work  the  abacus 
with  his  left  hand  and  write  with  his  right." 
"Young  So  and  So  can  speak  the  devil's  talk 
like  a  white  man,  but  they  say  he  also  acts 
like  one." 


Our  home  office  pur- 
chased a  large  quan- 
tity of  used  type- 
writers which  en- 
ables us  to  make 
some  very  attractive 
offers.  Example:  Cor- 
ona Portable,  $14.  We  have  all  makes. 
New  portables,  also  all  makes.  Guaran- 
teed terms  as  low  as  $3.  Rentals,  3 
months  $5.00.  This  ad  good  for  $2  credit 
if   you    buy. 

AMERICAN     WRITING 

MACHINE    CO. 

Since  1880 

522  Market  St.         DOuglas  0648 


OUR  LITTLE  THEATER 

By   Lien    Fa 

"FASHIONS" 
Scene —  Square  and   Circle   Dance 
Place—  Chinese  Y.  W.   C.  A.,  S.   F. 
Date —  December  5,  1936 

Featuring  an  imported  Mandarin  wrap, 
Miss  May   Jung  wore  a   colorful  creation 


with  heavy  thread  embroidery,  an  all 
over  pattern  on  a  background  of  ebony, 
and  trimmed  with  neat  frog  buttons  down 
the  front.  Silver  cord-like  threads  form- 
ed exquisite  designs. 

This  lovely  wrap  was  lined  wth  soft 
white  lapin,  giving  Miss  Jung  all  the 
warmth  and  comfort  as  well  as  the  smart- 
est wrap   we   have  seen   n   a  long  time. 


The  beauty  of  lace  wa  exemplified  by 
Miss  Margaret  Tarn's  gown  of  white, 
straightly     styled    with     narrow     shoulder 

straps. 


A  jacket  of  glittering  gold,  nicely  fitted 
with  short  puff  sleeves  and  pleated  pep- 
lum,  featured  Miss  Helen  Fong's  outfit, 
With  this,  she  wore  a  flared  skirt  of  black 
crepe. 


Simple  elegance  marked  Miss  Daisy  K. 
Wong's  black  gown,  with  a  rhinestone 
clip  as  a  contrast  on  the  neckline.  The 
accessories   were    also   of    rhinestones. 


rage  16 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


January,   1937 


C    H    I    N   A  T   0 


N    I   A 


PHILADELPHIA,—  The  annual  bridge 
and  dinner  dance  sponsored  by  the  Chi- 
nese-American Republican  Club  was  held 
at  the  Cathay  Tea  Garden,  December  18. 
Livingston  Chunn  was  installed  as  presi- 
dent  of   the   club. 

Mrs.  Ina  Shih  recently  opened  her 
Pagoda  College  of  Beauty  Culture.  She 
owns  and  operates  three  beauty  shops  in 
the   City. 

NEW  YORK,  N.Y.—  The  Jeune  Doc 
Society,  Ging  Hawk  Club,  and  the  Chi- 
nese Campfire  Girls  gave  an  informal 
tea  in  honor  of  China's  "Joan  of  Arc," 
the  heroine  of  the  North  China  crisis  in 
Peiping  last  year,  on  December  3.  Miss 
Pearl    Horn    presided. 

SEATTLE,  WASH.—  The  Chinese 
Students'  Club  met  at  the  home  of  Vice- 
Consul  Leong  on  December  4.  Mr.  Frank 
Nipp,  president  of  the  club,  introduced 
the  Vice-Consul  who  spoke  on  the  curr- 
ent  conditions    in    China. 

The  Cathay  Club  held  a  Christmas 
party  in  the  home  of  Mr.  Edwin  Woo, 
December    12. 

PORTLAND,  ORE.—  A  Yuletide 
party  was  given  by  the  Misses  Ella  and 
Rose  Coe  at  the  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Louis  Lee.  December  5.  Entertainment 
was  provided  by  the  Lotus  Blossom  Trio, 
the  Hawaiian  basketball  players,  and  a 
mock  wedding  performed  by  Tunnie  Lee, 
Mabel  Lee  and  Joe  Sato. 

The  Chinese  Girls'  Club  gave  a  card 
party  for  the  new  pledges  at  the  home 
of  Mrs.  Benjamin  Lee.  The  neophytes 
are  Pearl  Lee  Yem,  Isabelle  Lee  Hong, 
Marjorie  Chinn,  Dorothy  Wong,  Mildred 
Goon  and  Irene  Chin.  The  club  sponsor- 
ed the  Wun  Long  Hop  on  December  21. 
The  Chinese  Girls'  Reserve  held  their 
annual  dinner  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Stan- 
ley Chin.  Their  semi-formal  dance  was 
given  on  December  26  in  the  City  Wo- 
men's Club. 

LOS  ANGELES,  CALIF.—  The  mon- 
thly meeting  of  the  China  Society  of 
Southern  California  was  held  in  Soochow 
Cafe,  December  7th.  Miss  Pearl  H. 
Wong,  dean  at  Hwa  Nam  College  in 
Foochow,  Fukien  province,  spoke  on 
"Women  and  Education  in  China."  Miss 
Soo  Yong,  Chinese  cinema  actress,  read 
some  Chinese  poems,  while  the  Messrs. 
Yu  Feng  Sung  and  Young  H.  Chui  of 
U.  S.  C.  played  a  duet  on  Chinese  flutes. 
The  Lowa  Athletic  Club  gave  a  benefit 
dance  which  was  well  supported  by  the 
Angelos,  on  December  19  at  the  Macca- 
bee  Temple. 

Rev.    B.  Y.   Leong,    pastor   of  the  Chi- 


nese Congregational  Church  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Chinese  Christen  Union  of 
San  Francisco,  is  visiting  in  the  city. 
Miss  Amy  Chinn  of  Seattle  was  also  in 
town. 

The  Chinese  Tennis  Club  gave  their 
annual  dinner  dance  at  the  Blue  Room 
Supperr  Club  on  December  11.  The  win- 
ner of  the  men's  singles  was  Mr.  Elmer 
Gee,  and  the  winner  of  the  women's  sin- 
gles  was  Miss  Mamie  Sing. 

STOCKTON,  CALIF.—  The  Tau 
Lambda,  Chinese  girls'  club  under  the 
sponsorship  of  Dr.  Dora  Lee,  invited 
the  "Tri-C"  boys'  club  to  a  hike  held  in 
Louis  Park.  The  girls  made  the  lunches 
which  were  auctioned  to  the  boys  for  a 
fair   price. 

Dr.  Dryden  Phelps,  professor  at  the 
West  China  University  in  Chengtu,  Sze- 
chuan,  spoke  to  the  Breakfast  Club  on 
the  major  problems  confronting  China 
today.  The  Breakfast  Club  is  attracting 
the  attention  of  the  Chinese  youth  of 
Stockton  with  its  many  interesting  pro- 
grams. 

The  following  are  officers  of  the  newly- 
formed  International  Club:  Rev.  Jose 
Deso,  pastor  of  the  Filipino  House  of 
Friendship,  president,  Clarence  Comp- 
ton,  vice-president,  Miss  Mildred  Jann, 
secretary,    and   Kenneth    Jann,    treasurer. 

The  Stockton  Community  Chest  will 
appoint  a  Chinese  division  manager  to 
head  the  1937  drive  in  the  Chinese  sec- 
tion, according  to  Mr.  C.  M.  Menzies, 
president  of  the  local  Chest.  Mr.  Harry 
Hoffman,  general  manager  of  the  Com- 
munity Chest,  was  approached  by  Mr. 
Joseph  H.  Won,  local  newshawk,  for 
Chinese  leadership  in  this  year's  cam- 
paign, and  Mr.  Hoffman  replied,  "This 
is  a  good  suggestion,  and  I  will  appoint 
some  prominent  and  interested  Chinese 
to  act  as  division  manager  for  the  1937 
Community  Chest   Campaign." 

EERKELEY,  CALIF.—  The  semi- 
annual elections  of  the  Chinese  Students' 
Club  of  the  University  of  California 
were  held  and  the  following  were  elected 
officers  of  the  club  for  the  Spring  seme- 
ster, 1937:  Mr.  David  Lee,  president, 
Miss  Jessie  Fung,  vice-president,  Miss 
Ruby  Yee,  secretary,  Mr.  Elmer  Lee, 
treasurer,  Mr.  Earl  Wong,  auditor,  and 
Mr.  Freeman  Hon  house  manager.  The 
officials  promise  more  interesting  meet- 
ings, inter-club  basketball  games,  inter- 
club  socials,  and  the  annual  Spring  In- 
formal for  the  coming  semester,  as  re- 
lated by  the  new  president,  Mr.  Lee. 
Dr.  C.    M.   Li  was  given  a  bon  voyage 


party  and  left  Berkeley  for  his  new  post 
as  professor  of  Economics  at  Nankai 
University,  Tientsin,  China.  He  left  by 
way  of  Vancouver,  B.  C.  Dr.  Li  received 
his  M.  A.  and  Ph.  D.  degrees  at  the 
University    of    California. 

Mr.  Andrew  Poon  having  received  his 
M.  S.  in  Police  Administration  from  the 
University  has  left  the  west  coast  to 
further  his  studies  in  that  field  at  the 
University  of  Chicago.  He  will  visit  the 
Police  departments  of  Chicago,  New 
York  City,  Boston,  and  other  eastern 
cities  with  introductions  from  Professor 
August  Vollmer,  internationally  famous 
(Continued  on  Next  Page) 

GREYHOUND 

announces^ 


LOW  | 
HOLIDAY ! 
FARES  I 


Effective  Dec.  17- Jan.  1 

1 10  day  return  limit) 

•  GREYHOUND'S  frequent 
schedules  are  as  convenient 
as  driving  your  own  car  .... 
No  driving  worries  ....  Warm 
comfortable  easy  riding  coaches 
....  Best  drivers   on  the   road. 

EXAMPLES 

OF     ROUND     TRIP     FARES 
FROM  SAN    FRANCISCO 

PORTLAND $17.00 

FRESNO 4.70 

SANTA   BARBARA   .   .    .   8.85 

EL     PASO 28.30 

SAN     DIECO 14.15 

DEPOT: 

S.     F.       5th    b    Mission       DO.    4664 
Oakland     2047   San  Pablo     CL7700 


P  A  C  I    F    I    C 

GREY/HOUND 


January,   1937 


CHINESE     DICEST 


Page  17 


CHINATOWNIA 


police    chief    and    criminologist. 

OAKLAND,  CALIF. —  Extensive  plans 
are  being  made  by  the  Waku  Auxiliary 
for  their  annual  Chinese  New  Year 
Dance  to  be  held  on  February  13.  The 
place    will    be   announced   later. 

The  Chinesse  Youth  Circle  met  at  the 
home  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond  L.  Ng 
and  planned  a  dance  to  be  given  this 
Spring,  tentatively  set  for  March  6.  Mr. 
Henry  Chew,  president  of  the  club  ap- 
pointed Mr.  Edwin  Gee  general  chair- 
man of   the   affair. 

Mrs.  Beaulah  Ah  Tye  Jung  recently 
opened  an  office  and  became  the  first 
Chinese  real  estate  agent  licensed  by  the 
State  of  California.  Mrs.  Jung  is  the 
only  known  Chinese  woman  engaged  in 
this  business,  and  the  first  of  her  race 
to  qualify  under  the  new  laws  of  the  state. 
She  recently  passed  the  East  Bay  Real 
Estate  Board  examinations  prescribed  by 
the  state  division  of  real  estate  of  Coli- 
fornia. 

WATSONVILLE,  CALIF.  —  The 
Watsonville  Boys'  Club  held  its  annual 
dinner  dance  at  the  Resetar  Hotel  on 
December  4.  Mr.  Parker  Chan  was  re- 
elected   president    of    the    club. 

FRESNO,  CALIF.—  The  Hi-Jinks 
given  by  the  Fay  Wah  Juniors  at  the 
Chinese  Center  was  a  big  success.  Over 
250  members  of  the  community  were 
present.  The  orchestra  members  were 
Messrs.  Francis  Dott,  Guy  Lai,  Edward 
Bowen,  Wesley  Chow,  Clarence  Mah, 
and  Robert  Hall.  The  "girls"  who  sang 
were  Edward  Young,  Harold  Sam,  Law- 
rence Lew,  and  Raymond  Lee.  The  im- 
personators were  a  big  hit.  A  skit  in 
Chinese  was  rendered  by  Clarence  Mah, 
Wesley  Chow,  Lew  Hang,  and  Leonard 
Louie.  It  was  one  of  the  big  events  of 
the    Fall    season. 

SANTA  BARBARA,  CALIF.—  Mrs. 
Walter  Kong  gave  an  informal  "Pot 
Luck"  party  at  Paradise  Camp.  Guests 
were  the  Misses  Irene  Soo  Hoo  and  Elsie 
Tom,  and  the  Messrs.  Frank  Yee,  James 
Yee,  Sam  Yee,  and  Jain  Wong. 

Mr.  Henry  Tomm,  a  former  resident 
of  the  city,  has  returned  to  his  hometown 
from  Mendota  for  a  short  stay  with  his 
parents. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIF.—  The 
International  Institute  was  "at  home"  to 
the  folks  of  San  Francisco  on  Sunday, 
December  20.  The  program  offered  a 
glimpse  of  the  cosmopolitan  life  of  the 
"city  that  knows  how."  The  afternoon 
tea  was  presided  over  by  Chinese  hostesses 
with  a  New  Year  motif  in  a  typical  Chi- 


nese home.  The  International  Institute 
offers  service  and  information  to  the 
foreign-born    public. 

More  than  thirty  boys  and  girls  attend- 
ed the  recent  weenie  roast  at  the  beach 
near  Fleishacker  Zoo  given  by  the  Nu- 
lite  Club.  Among  those  present  were, 
the  Misses  Mabel  Leong,  Mary  Chan, 
Agnes  Leong,  Rita  Yuan,  Hazel  Lee, 
Genevieve    Chong    and    Alice    Chew. 

A  grad  dance  was  given  by  the  Chinese 
Fran-Laicos  Club  of  the  Francisco  Jun- 
ior High  School  at  the  N.S.G.S.  Hall, 
on  Dec.  19.  Miss  Phoebe  Wong  was  on 
the    committe    of    arrangements. 

Under  the  supervision  of  Miss  Polly 
McQuire,  director  of  the  Chinese  Play- 
ground produced  a  play,  "Christmas 
Candle,"  at  Commerce  High  School.  On 
the  22nd,  a  program  was  given  at  the 
playground  wijth  a  Punch  and  Judy 
Show,  a  magician,  Christmas  storie*, 
Juggles  and  Rhumba  Band,  and  other 
entertainments.  Santa  Claus  visited  the 
Chinese  children  on  December  24.  This 
was    a    gala  affair. 

Diminutive  Sun  Loy  Chan,  popular 
ten  year  old  singer  and  tap  dancer  of 
the  famous  O'Neill  Kiddies,  appeared 
in  a  local  theater  recently.  Featured  as 
one  of  the  solos  of  the  program,  Sun 
Loy  gave  a  clever  professional  tap  and 
a  violin  solo. 

•  • 

BACCALAUREATE  SERVICE 
FOR    GRADUATES 

Dr.  Tully  C.  Knoles,  president  of  the 
College  of  the  Pacific,  and  one  of  Cali- 
fornia's foremost  educators,  will  be  the 
speaker  for  the  baccalaureate  service  for 
the  Chinese  graduates  of  the  San  Fran- 
cisco high  schools,  Sunday,  Dec.  27, 
2:00  p.m.  at  the  Chinese  Baptist  Church, 
1    Waverly   Place. 

This  is  the  first  time  such  an  event 
has  ever  been  planned  for  the  Chinese 
high  school  graduates  of  San  Francisco. 
They  will  be  the  guests  of  honor  at  the 
service.  Rev.  Albert  Lau,  pastor  of  the 
church,  has  planned  a  special  program 
of  music  for  the  occasion.  Mr.  Ira  C. 
Lee    will   preside. 

Alumni  of  the  College  of  the  Pacific 
and  the  University  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia are  specially  invited  to  hear  Dr. 
Knoles.  Immediately  after  the  service 
they  will  honor  Dr.  Knoles  with  a  re- 
ception at  the  Far  East  Cafe,  where  Dr. 
Margaret  Chung  will  act  as  toastmistress. 
Lake  Tahoe  delegates  are  welcome  to  the 
occasion,  also. 


DANCE   STUDIO 
ANNOUNCES  OPENING 

Miss  Helen  M.  Fong,  recent  graduate 
of  the  University  of  California  in  Phy- 
sical Education-Hygiene,  has  opened  a 
studio  where  she  is  giving  private  lessons 
in  social  and  classical  dancing  at  664 
Powell  St.  Miss  Fong  is  a  member  of 
Orchesis,    honorary   dance   society. 

Courses  to  be  offered  by  Miss  Fong 
are  Fundamentals  of  Ballet,  Modern 
Dance,  Aesthetic  Dance,  Fundamentals 
of  Chinese  Classical  Dance,  and  Ball- 
room Dancing.  Miss  Fong's  office  hours 
at  the  studio  are,  Fridays,  4-5  p.m.,  and 
7:30-10:00  p.m.  She  is  available  for 
conference  at  the  Chinese  Y.W.C.A., 
Phone   SUtter   9843. 

Start  your  New  Year  with  this  delight- 
ful form  of  erercise  for  health,  pleasure, 
and   poise. 

•  • 

DIVISION  B.,  B.  S.  A.  TROOP  3, 
PLANS  STAG  PARTY 

The  third  annual  Stag  Rally  of  "Di- 
vision B"  of  Troop  3,  B.  S.  A.,  will  be 
held  on  New  Year's  Day  on  schedule, 
according  to  Henry  Owyang,  chairman 
of  arrangements.  The  former  Boy  Scouts, 
once  the  pride  of  Chinatown  in  com- 
munity service  and  emergency  calls,  are 
looking    forward    to    this    annual    event. 

Organized  ten  and  a  half  years  ago 
by  Chingwah  Lee,  Thomas  A.  Wong, 
Thomas  W.  Chinn,  Lim  P.  Lee,  and  Roy 
S.  Tom,  this  division  of  Troop  3  has 
produced  leaders  in  social  service,  pro- 
fessional and  business  men,  and  many 
good  athletes  for  the  Chinese  communi- 
ties   of  California. 


ALFRED  B.  CHONG 


INSURANCE 


"No  obligation   rests  more   heavily 

upon  a  man  than  to  provide  security 

for    those   dependent   on    him." 


SUtter  2995 
Suite  1701-2 


111  Sutter  St. 
San  Francisco 


Page   18 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


January,   1937 


CHINESE  ARTIST  STRUGGLES  FOR  FAME 


By  William  Hoy 


Among  the  small  group 
of  local  Chinese  artists  there 
are  at  most  only  half  a  dozen 
whose  talents  bear  watching. 
One  of  these  is  a  26  year 
old  water  -  colorist  whose 
name  sounds  Nordic  and 
whose  art  does  not  bear  any 
Chinese  feeling  or  influence. 
The  artist  is  Dong  King- 
man, who  recently  won  the 
first  prize  of  $50  in  the  San 
Francisco  Art  Association's 
second  annual  exhibition 
held  at  the  Museum  of  Art. 
He  won  it  with  a  picture  en- 
titled "Church,"  a  water  co- 
lor of  the  Sts.  Peter  and  Paul 
Church  in  North  Beach,  a 
short  distance  from  China- 
town. 

Two  years  ago  Dong  was 
almost  unheard  of  among 
San  Francisco's  art  lovers 
and  unknown  to  the  regular 
visitors  to  art  galleries.  But 
since  that  time,  however,  one 
after  another  of  his  water  colors,  rang- 
ing in  subjects  from  Chinatown  scenes 
to  studies  of  the  Bay  Bridge  and  Tele- 
graph Hill  environs,  have  been  exhibit- 
ed in  such  galleries  as  the  Palace  of  Le- 
gion of  Honor,  De  Young  Museum,  S. 
F.  Museum  of  Art,  the  art  gallery  of 
the  University  of  California,  the  Oak- 
land Art  Gallery  and  the  S.  F.  Art  Cen- 
ter. 

At  present  7  of  his  recent  works  are  on 
exhibit  at  Gump's  gallery.  One  of  these, 
entitled,  "Parkside,"  is  shown  on  this 
page. 

Young  Dong  held  a  one-man  exhibi- 
tion  of  20  of  his  water  colors   early   this 


W***i(j 


*"■*<■»  tai^tiiMwi* 


year  at  the  Art  Center,  730  Montgomery 
Street.  After  viewing  his  work,  Junius 
Craven,  the  well-known  art  critic,  who 
has  since  died,  thus  expressed  his  opin- 
ion of  this  Chinese  artist:  "There  is  no- 
thing in  Kingman's  painting  which  be- 
trays the  Oriental  .  .  .  while  his  approach 
is  that  of  a  Westerner,  there  is  nothing 
in  the  result  which  hints  at  an  attempt 
on  the  part  of  the  artist  to  imitate  any- 
thing that  is  foreign  to  him. 

"...  probably  Kingman  already  has 
developed  that  universal  quality  which 
may  place  a  sincere  artist's  work  above 
the  limitations  of  either  racial  character- 
istics or  'schools.'   Kingman's  art   belongs 


to    the   world-at-large   of   today. 

"He  handles  hs  color  fluently,  in 
broad,  telling  masses.  He  is  completely 
sincere  and  never  superficial.  Here  is  a 
real   water   color    painter." 

Dong  Kingman  is  a  Cantonese  (Toy- 
shan  district)  born  in  Oakland.  He  went 
to  China  when  still  a  child  and  attended 
school  in  Hongkong  for  many  years.  It 
was  while  there  that  he  discovered  and 
developed  his  talent  for  water  color 
painting.  Fortunately  he  studied  under 
a  native  art  teacher  who  had  studied  his 
subject  in  Paris.  Later  Dong  studied 
for  a  short  time  at  Lingnan  University 
in   Canton. 


TRADE  BETWEEN  CHINA  AND  THE  UNITED  STATES 


Resume  of  speech  delivered  by  Mr.  Patrick 
Pichi  Sun  to  a  group  of  the  Institute  of 
Pacific  Relations,  on  the  evening  of  De- 
cember 8,  1936,  at  the  St.  Francis  Hotel, 
San  Francisco. 

The  trade  relations  between  China  and  the 
United  States  can  be  reviewed  under  three 
main  headings:  First,  from  the  point  of  view 
of  their  historical  development,  the  begin- 
nings of  trade  between  the  two  nations,  the 
early  trade,  and  the  early  treaty  relations; 
second,  with  an  eye  to  the  types  and  quanti- 
ties of  commodities  exchanged  and  the 
changing  character  of  that  exchange  through 
the  development  of  the  trade,  the  balance 
of  payments  between  the  two  countries,  and 
the  relative  importance  of  the  tradj  of  each 
to  the  other;  and  third,  with  a  view  to  the 
possibilities  of  further  expanding  and  devel- 
oping that  trade  from  its  present  condition. 
Americans  were  late-comers  in  the  history 


of  Chinese  foreign  trade.  By  the  beginning  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  the  Dutch,  Portu- 
guese, and  British  were  already  in  the  field, 
while  the  Americans  did  not  open  their 
trade  relationship  with  China  until  1784.  In 
that  year,  the  Boston  ship,  "Empress  of 
China,"  arrived  at  Canton  with  a  cargo  of 
ginseng  from  the  southern  colonies.  On  her 
return  voyage  she  carried  tea  and  spices  to 
inaugurate  the  new  commerce. 

American  enthusiasm  knew  no  bounds  at 
the  successful  conclusion  of  this  voyage. 
Here  was  another  field  in  which  the  col- 
onists' familiarity  with  the  sea  could  be  put 
to  use;  here  was  an  opportunity  for  the 
trade  expansion  so  necessary  since  the  sever- 
ance of  trade  relations  with  England  during 
the  Revolutionary  War.  The  Continental 
Congress  attached  so  much  importance  to 
this  development  that  it  immediately  ap- 
pointed  Samuel    Shaw,   supercargo   of.  the 


"Empress  of  China."  consul  at  Canton,  and 
passed  legislation  to  encourage  the  China 
trade.  Later,  Oregon,  in  the  opinion  of  many, 
was  acquired  in  the  hope  of  establishing  a 
West  Coast  port  to  facilitate  the  expansion 
of  the  trade.  But,  taken  by  and  large,  the 
early  trade  with  China  was  not  protected  by 
legislation,  and  American  traders  \\i.-e  left 
to  shift  for  themselves  on  the  fringe  of  com- 
merce conducted  largely  by  thr  established 
traders  of  England,  Holland,  and  Portugal. 
At  the  close  of  the  Opium  Wars,  there  was 
a  definite  attempt  on  the  part  of  England 
and  other  countries  to  divide  China  into 
spheres  of  influence,  and  it  became  apparent 
that  the  future  of  American  trade  with 
China  required  the  enactment  >>\  treaties 
that  would  give  American  rights  equivalent 
to  those  enjoyed  by  nationals  of  other  coun- 
tries. In  1S44,  the  dishing  Treaty  was  signed, 
giving  America  access  to  certain  points  and 


January,  1937 


CHINESE       DIC  EST 


Page   19 


SAMPAN   AND  CARAVAN 


the  right  of  extra-territoriality,  and  achiev- 
ing  amicably   the   very    results   for  which 
Great  Britain  had  resorted  to  force.  As  a  re- 
sult, America's  trade  with  China  grew  by 
leaps  and  bounds.  This  initial  treaty  was  fol- 
lowed by  others  in  18S8,  1868,  1894,  and 
1903,  which  reaffirmed  and  expanded  the 
Cushing  Treaty.  In  1927  the  United  States 
was  the  first  Nation  to  relinquish  her  treaty 
right  of  interferring  in  China's  tariff  legisla- 
tion, and  the  Soong-McMurray  agreement 
exemplifies  the  genuine  friendly  spirit  of  the 
United  States  toward  China.  The  treaty  his- 
tory, in  general,  is  a  record  of  amicable  and 
constructive  relationship  throughout. 

America's  commercial  policy  toward  China 
has  developed  with  the  increase  of  Amer- 
ican interests  in  China  and  the  China  trade. 
The  purchase  of  Alaska,  the  acquisition  of 
the  Philippines,  and  the  opening  of  the  Pan- 
ama Canal  have  all  played  their  part  in  the 
development  of  trade  with  China.  Geograph- 
ically, they  brought  China  closer  to  the 
United  States,  and  commercially,  they  in- 
creased the  opportunities  for  a  lucrative 
trade  between  the  two  nations.  But  America 
still  had  to  contend  with  attempts  by  other 
nations  to  partition  China  for  their  own  use, 
and  in  1899,  was  forced  to  adopt  a  formu- 
lated policy  in  China.  This,  the  Open  Door 
policy,  has  been  the  keynote  of  America's  po- 
sition ever  since,  and  the  Root-Takahira 
Agreement,  in  which  Japan  agreed  to  re- 
spect America's  interests  in  China,  the  Wash- 
ington Treaty,  in  which  nations  agreed  to 
respect  China's  administrative  and  terri- 
torial integrity,  and  the  Hoover-Stimson 
policy  of  non-recognition  of  Japan's  acqui- 
sition of  Manchuria,  all  tend  to  reaffirm  and 
extend  that  policy. 

When  we  come  to  consider  the  actual  con- 
ditions of  trade  between  China  and  the 
United  States,  it  becomes  important  that  we 
give  at  least  some  consideration  to  the 
amounts,  value,  and  kinds  of  goods  inter- 
changed. For  example,  we  find  that  the  bal- 
ance of  payments  between  the  two  nations 
has  changed  to  a  marked  degree  since  1875. 
In  that  year,  America  imported  $12,000,000 
worth  of  goods  from  China,  while  she  ex- 
ported only  $1,500,000  worth  of  goods.  In 
1935,  we  find  that  the  picture  has  changed 
radically,  with  the  United  States  importing 
$49,000,000  worth  of  goods,  as  against  an 
export  figure  of  $62,000,000.  Thus  we  find 
that  together  with  a  phenomenal  increase  in 
the  total  value  of  the  China  trade,  there  has 
been  a  change  in  the  direction  of  the  balance 
of  payment.  Where  China  had  enjoyed  what 
is  popularly  known  as  a  favorable  trade  bal- 
ance in  the  early  years  of  Sino-American 
trade  relations,  in  the  latter  years  that  bal- 
ance has  been  reversed  in  favor  of  the 
United  States.  But,  curiously  enough,  the  di- 
rection of  specie  shipments  has  always  been 
toward  China.  Even  in  recent  years,  Amer- 
ican investments  in  China,  immigrant  remit- 
tances, and  certain  other  invisible  items 
have  been  sufficient  to  more  than  make  up 
1  for  the  trade  balance  in  favor  of  America. 
Of  course,  these  figures  really  do  not  mean 
much — both  the  dollar  and  the  tael  have 
depreciated  in  value  in  the  course  of  these 
trade  relations;  more  invisible  items  have 
entered  into  the  picture;  and  the  nature  of 
the  trade  has  changed;  but  they  do  serve  to 


show  the  general  trend  which  relations  be- 
tween the  two  nations  have  taken. 

If  we  consider  the  changing  nature  of  the 
commodities  interchanged  between  the  two 
countries  and  think  of  it  in  connection  with 
the  figures  just  quoted,  it  may  be  that  we 
will  get  a  clearer  picture  of  the  relationship 
between  China  and  the  United  States.  Dur- 
ing the  period  from  1784  to  1844,  for  ex- 
ample, the  United  States  sent  to  China  gin- 
seng, furs,  and  skins,  sandal  wood  from 
Hawaii,  beche  de  mer,  and  quicksilver.  All 
of  these  things  were  raw  materials  that  were 
to  be  converted  into  finished  commodities 
at  the  hands  of  the  Chinese.  China,  on  the 
other  hand,  sent  tea,  silk,  nankeen,  china- 
ware,  cassia,  sugar,  to  the  United  States. 
These  were  all  partially  or  fully  manufac- 
tured goods  and  foodstuffs,  and  the  balance 
of  trade  was  heavily  in  favor  of  China.  The 
difference  was  paid  in  specie  or  exchange  on 
London.  From  1845  to  1894,  however,  the 
picture  changed,  and  we  find  a  quite  differ- 
ent list  of  commodities  entering  into  the 
trade.  During  that  period,  America  sent  to 
China  cotton  manufactures,  coal,  iron  and 
steel  manufactures,  mineral  oils,  tobacco, 
wheat,  and  flour ;  she  received  in  return  silk, 
a  smaller  amount  of  tea  than  had  formerly 
been  the  case,  drugs,  dyes,  chemicals,  straw 
materials  for  the  manufacture  of  hats,  and 
vegetable  oils.  The  whole  situation  was  in- 
verted, and  we  find  that  America  was  send- 
ing manufactured  goods  to  China,  whereas 
she  had  formerly  been  an  important  source 
of  raw  materials  for  China ;  and  that  she 
was  receiving  raw  materials  from  China, 
whereas  her  previous  imports  had  been 
manufactures. 

In  the  modern  period  from  1895  to  1935, 
the  change  becomes  even  more  marked,  and, 
together  with  certain  key  raw  materials,  we 
find  the  United  States  exporting  to  China  a 
list  of  increasingly  complicated  heavy  ma- 
chinery, such  as  motor  cars,  trucks,  and  in- 
dustrial equipment.  Certain  manufactures, 
like  cotton  piece  goods,  have  fallen  off  in 
importance  because  of  native  and  Japanese 
competition.  At  the  same  time,  China  seeks 
an  increasingly  varied  list  of  raw  materials 
for  export  to  the  United  States.  Raw  silk, 
in  decreasing  amounts  due  to  Japanese  com- 
petition, tea,  hides,  skins,  tung  oil,  eggs  and 
egg  products,  bristles,  rugs,  sesame  seeds, 
and  intestines  make  up  a  large  part  of  Chi- 
nese exports  to  the  United  States,  and  this 
list  serves  to  show  the  variety  of  export  ma- 
terials upon  which  China  now  depends.  This 
diversification  is  one  of  the  strong  points  in 
China's  trade  with  the  United  States  and  is 
one  of  the  best  indications  of  the  sound  basis 
upon  which  it  rests.  China  has  many  things 
which  the  United  States  needs,  and  there  is 
small  likelihood  that  she  will  be  replaced  as 
a  source  of  certain  materials  for  American 
industry. 

America  has  always  been  an  important 
factor  in  China's  foreign  trade,  and  the  post- 
war period  has  found  that  importance  grow- 
ing until  today  America  is  both  the  greatest 
market  for  Chinese  goods  and  the  greatest 
source  of  the  commodities  that  China  needs. 
In  1935,  for  example,  19  per  cent  of  China's 
imports  came  from  the  United  States  and 
22>y2  per  cent  of  China's  exports  went  to 
the  United  States.  Of  her  imports  in  1934, 
China  bought  97  per  cent  of  her  tobacco,  85 
per  cent  of  automotive  machinery,  80  per 
cent  of  her  lubricating  oil,  65  per  cent  of  her 
wheat,  and  58  per  cent  of  her  cotton  from 
the  United  States.  Of  her  exports  in  1934, 
China  sent  92  per  cent  of  her  wool,  68  per 


cent  of  her  hides  and  skins,  61  per  cent  of 
her  tung  oil,  and  43  per  cent  of  her  sesame 
seeds  to  the  United  States.  These  figures 
show  very  clearly  that  China  is  quite  de- 
pendent upon  the  United  States  in  both  as- 
pects of  her  trade. 

When  we  consider  the  position  of  China 
from  the  point  of  view  of  the  United  States, 
however,  we  find  that  the  picture  is  quite 
different.  During  the  past  five  years,  only  2 
to  3  per  cent  of  her  total  imports  came  from 
China,  and  only  3  to  4  per  cent  of  her  ex- 
ports went  to  China.  These  figures  are  not 
very  reassuring,  but  figures  do  not  always 
tell  the  whole  story.  The  fact  remains  that 
China  is  an  important  supplier  of  some  of 
the  things  that  America  needs.  Sesame  seeds, 
tung  oil,  eggs  and  egg  products  have  their  in- 
disputable plane  in  the  American  economy, 
and  there  seems  to  be  small  probability  that 
China  will  be  supplanted  as  an  important 
source  of  these  materials  in  the  near  future. 

What,  then,  is  the  future  of  Chinese- 
American  trade  ?  It  is  impossible  to  deny  the 
fact  that  China's  immense  area  and  popula- 
tion offer  great  possibilities  for  an  expansion 
of  the  American  market  in  China.  Although 
China's  imports  now  amount  only  to  $1.50 
per  capita,  there  is  reason  to  hope  that  this 
condition  will  be  changed  in  the  future.  The 
political  instability  of  China  has  been  given 
as  a  reason  for  discounting  her  potentiality 
as  a  market,  but  this  is  only  a  question  of 
time,  and  the  rate  of  Chinese  reconstruc- 
tion seems  to  indicate  that  the  time  required 
for  political  stabilization  will  not  be  as  long 
as  has  been  expected.  With  the  construction 
of  expensive  railroads  under  way,  with  the 
construction  of  almost  one  hundred  thou- 
sand miles  of  highways  since  1921,  and  with 
the  continued  extension  of  commercial  avia- 
tion, China  being  unified  politically,  the 
standard  of  living  will  automatically  be 
raised,  and  the  demand  for  American  manu- 
factures, especially  heavy  machinery,  will  in- 
crease. With  the  progress  of  reconstruction 
there  will  be  a  heavy  demand  for  capital 
goods,  machinery,  iron  and  steel,  lumber, 
asphalt  for  roads,  gas  and  oil,  and  airplanes. 
The  stabilization  of  the  price  of  silver  alone 
will  do  much  to  stimulate  trade  between  the 
two  countries.  China's  currency  will  be 
stable  and  traders  and  investors  will  be  more 
confident  in  the  execution  of  their  business. 
Thus  we  see  that  China  will  almost  inevi- 
table become  a  more  important  market  for 
the  United  States. 

Expansion  for  China  as  a  source  of  mate- 
rials is  more  problematical.  Vested  interests 
in  the  United  States  demand  high  tariff 
against  imports  and  have  fostered  a  nation- 
alistic spirit  and  economy  that  constitute  a 
serious  obstacle  to  the  improvement  of 
trade  relations.  But  whether  this  nationalism 
is  economically  expedient  or  not  is  a  matter 
of  speculation.  Despite  this  present  handi- 
cap, it  is  to  be  noted  that  China  has  monop- 
olies on  some  of  the  things  of  which  the 
United  States  is  in  need,  and  these  things 
will  continue  to  serve  as  the  cornerstone  of 
China's  transpacific  trade.  In  addition  to 
this  fact,  we  can  see  that  China  has  always 
managed  to  find  new  articles  that  have  been 
welcomed  in  the  American  market.  There  is 
no  reason  to  suppose  that  China's  ingenuity 
has  been  exhausted. 

All  in  all,  it  can  be  said  that  both  China 
and  America  have  an  important  stake  in 
their  present  and  future  interchange  of  com- 
modities. The  question  of  protecting  and 
fostering  that  stake  is  one  that  will  become 
increasingly  important  as  time  goes  on. 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1937 


THE       CATHAYANS       ORCHESTRA       "Distinctive    Dance  Music" 

1st     row,     left      to      right:  Mai  Sum,  Robert  Wong,  Kenneth  Lee,  William  Chan,  William  Wong,  Winfred 

Lee,  William  Lee  and  Edward  Quon 

2nd     row,     left     to     right:  David  Sum,  Harold  Loo,  Frances  Chun,  Fred  Wong,  Teddy  Lee  and  Dudley  Lee 

EDWARD    W.    QUON,    MANAGING     DIRECTOR  -    -  DAVID    SUM,    LEADER 
750     Grant      Avenue         -  -        Telephone         CHina      0500        -  -         San       Francisco 

Chinatown's  Favorite  Orchestra 
Favors   Moore    Clothes! 


May  I  wish  you  and 
yours  happy  holidays! 
If  you  still  have  some 
holiday  shopping  to 
do,  let  me  know,  and 
I'll  be  glad  to  help. 
And  please  be  sure  to 
call  for  me  when  you 
come  into  Moore's. 
"Colday"  Leong 


T  T  was  only  natural  that  the  smartest  orchestra  in  China- 
-*-  town  should  want  smart  clothes.  That's  why  they  went 
to  Moore's  to  get  them.  And  so  do  the  young  moderns  of 
Chinatown.  They  like  the  cut  and  the  fit  of  Hart  Schaffner 
8C  Marx  quality  clothes.  They  like  their  reasonable  prices. 
They  like  the  pleasant  friendly  salesmen  who  serve  them  at 
Moore's  (that  includes  "Colday"  too!) 


141  Kearny  -  San  Francisco 
840  Market  -  San  Francisco 
1450    Baoadway    -    Oakland 


MOORFS 


Chinese  representative  at 
San  Francisco  Kearny  Street 
store   only:   "Colday"  Leong 


<g-^ 


Vol.  3,  No.  2 


COMMENT--    SOCl&t,   •  •  SCOliTS 
tt£WS  *  *   CULTUC€  -    -    UT£££7UCL£       s»«  »a»Ncisso.ci»ufcoiu»  t£] 

Ten  Cents 


February,    1937 


Chinatown    Prepares    For    Chinese    New    Year 

For  three-quarters  of  a  century  San  Francisco's  Chinatown  has 
celebrated  2  new  years  every  365  days,  and  this  year  this  custom  will 
prevail  as  of  yore.     Chinese   New  Year  will  occur  on   February   11. 

Miss  Bertha  Wong  is  seen  above  preparing  to  set  off  a  giant  fire- 
cracker. The  aged  immortal  on  the  richly  embroidered  wall  hanging 
in  the  back  is  the  Chinese  symbol  of  longevity. 


Page  2 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


February,   1937 


EDITORIAL 


NEW  EDITOR 
The  Chinese  Digest  takes  pleasure  in  presenting  its 
new  editor  for  this  year,  Mr.  William  Hoy. 

Our  retiring  editor,  Mr.  Thomas  Chinn,  after  a  year 
of  conscientious  effort,  is  now  Managing  Editor.  Mr. 
Chinn  has  done  his  work  well  as  editor.  Against  tre- 
mendous odds  he  has  put  the  Digest,  as  it  were,  on  the 
map.  A  true  pioneer,  he  now  desires  to  concentrate 
on  opening  new  territories  for  the  Digest.  Especially 
will  he  concen  trate  on  the  building  up  of  the  Advertis- 
ing Department,  the  life  blood  of  every  paper. 

Mr.  William  Hoy  is  already  well  known  to  Digest 
readers  through  his  regular  column,  "Reviews  and  Com- 
ment," and  through  occasional  editorials.  Many  are 
well  acquainted  with  his  discerning  observation  of  cur- 
rent events,  his  occasional  features  on  the  lives  of  well- 
known  Chinese  in  America  and  in  China,  and  his  im- 
partial evaluation  of  current  literature — all  this  pro- 
jected against  a  rich  background  of  specialized  know- 
ledge and  personal  experience  on  two  continents. 

From  the  very  inception  of  the  Digest,  many  of  Mr. 
Hoy's  contributions  have  been  quoted,  translated  or 
reprinted,  either  in  full  or  in  condensation  form,  by 
other  publications  in  America  and  in  China.  The  latest 
instance  is  to  be  found  in  the  December,  1936 — Janu- 
ary, 1937  issue  of  the  Chinese  Students'  Christian  Asso- 
ciation Bulletin,  in  which  a  condensed  form  of  his  re- 
view of  "San  Francisco's  Chinatown"  appears.  Also, 
in  the  January,  1937  issue  of  Westways  magaine  there 
is  an  article  entitled  "Moy  Jin  Mun,  Liege  Lord  of  Old 
Chinatown,"  by  Idwal  Jones,  author  of  "China  Boy," 
in  which  the  story  was  based  mostly  on  the  short  bio- 
graphy written  by  William  Hoy  of  this  grand  old  man 
of  Chinatown.  After  writing  the  article  Idwal  Jones 
wrote  to  William  Hoy,  stating  that  "there  wouldn't 
have  been  any  story  if  you  hadn't  written  that  piece  on 
Moy  Jin  Mun,  and  I  drew  heavily  upon  it." 

The  Digest  is  definitely  fulfilling  a  long  felt  need 
for  information  and  interpretation  of  China  and  of 
the  Chinese  in  America,  and  we  are  looking  forward 
to  another  year  of  exciting  journalism  with  our  new 
editor. 


IMPROVEMENT  KEEPS  PACE  WITH 
POPULARITY  OF  DIGEST 

According  to  Mr.  Henry  S.  Tom,  popular  secretary 
at  the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  San  Francisco,  the 
Digest  is  a  "hot  number",  being  in  constant  perusal  in 
the  "Y"  reading  room  from  morning  to  night,  often 
necessitating  replacement  with  a  fresh  copy  within  a 
short  time.  Investigation  shows  that  this  is  also  gen- 
erally true  of  other  reading  rooms  in  Chinatown.  As  a 
result  of  this  popularity  our  advertisers  are  reaping  a 
golden  havest. 

Such  realization  spurs  our  workers  to  put  forth  their 
best  to  make  the  Digest  consistently  worthy  of  its  pre- 
sent reception.  This  is  why  each  issue  of  the  Digest 
finds  us   with   added   improvements. 

(Continued   on  Page   19) 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Published    monthly   at    868   Washington   Street 
San    Francisco,   California    (CHina    2400) 

WILLIAM  HOY,   Editor 

Per  year,   jSl.OO;    Per  copy,    10    cents 

Foreign,    {SI. 50    per    year 

All    articles    copyrighted.    For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured    in   writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH    LEE    Associate    Editor 

FRED    G.     WOO    Sports    Editor,    Office    Manager 

LIM    P.    LEE    . Sociological    Data 

THOMAS    W.    CHINN    Managing    Editor 

HELEN    M.     FONG      Circulation    Manager 

WALLACE    H.    FONG Photographer 

CORRESPONDENTS    and    REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersfield . Mamie    Lee 

Berkeley   . _   __    ._  __  ._   . Glenn  D.  Lym 

Fresno Allen    Lew 

Honolulu,    T.    H. ___    Grace    H.    Goo 

Los  Angeles    .__   __.    ____    .._    ____   Elsie   Lee.  Bernice  Louie 

New  York  ._    _. Annabelle   Wong,    Bing   Chan 

Oakland . Hector   Eng,   E.    M.   Loo 

Portland __    Eva    Moe,    Edgar    Lee 

Salinas    _    .„.    ..._ . Edward   Chan 

Santa    Barbara .„ . ._  Albert  Ye« 

Seattle    _ Eugene    Wong,    Edwin    Luke 

Watsonville    _ _   Alice    Shew 

FOUNDERS  and   PUBLISHERS: 

THOMAS   W.  CHINN.  President;   CHINGWAH   LEE,  Treasurer 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS 

Editorial  2,    19 

China  Faces  1937  Hsieh  Wei-lum  3  &  17 

Chinese    Inventions   &C   Discoveries:    No 

XXXII  Chingwah  Lee  4  &  5 

Opportunities  for  American   Born 

Chinese   in   China  Interview   with 

Dr.  Charles  R.  Shepherd  Lim  P.  Lee         6 

A  Survey  of  Early  Chinese-American 

Relations    (conclusion)    Alice  P.  Fong  7 

Chinatownia  8,  9,  10,  1 1.  12,  1  3 

Saga  of  a  Boy  Photographer  .      C.  W.   L.  14 

Sports  Fred  G.  Woo         15  &  16 

Miscellaneous  18 


February,   1937 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


Page  3 


FAR     EAST 


CHINA   FACES    1937 

By  Hsieh    Wei-lum 

China  faces  1937  in  a  much  more  op- 
timistic mood  and  in  a  far  more  different 
situation,  both  internally  and  externally 
speakng,  than  she  did  in  the  year  before. 

In  the  10  years  since  the  establishment 
of  the  central  government  at  Nanking 
the  country  has  not  started  a  new  year 
as  hopefully  as  she  did  this  one.  As  late 
as  the  latter  part  of  1936  China's  place 
in  Far  Eastern  politics  was  still  loaded 
with  ominous  potentialities:  a  powder  keg 
liable  to  explode  any  minute,  and  in- 
volving in  its  conflagration  both  Japan 
and  Soviet  Russia.  But  suddenly  the 
political  pendulum  swung.  China  found 
herself  almost  the  mistress  of  her  destiny. 

Yet,  actually,  what  is  the  country's 
situation  at  present  and  what  are  her 
prospects    for    1937? 

First  of  all,  the  country's  hopeful  ele- 
ment, both  at  home  and  abroad,  are 
pointing  with  pride  at  what  to  them  is 
an  acknowledged  fait  accompli:  the  poli- 
tical unity  of  China.  For  a  decade,  they 
said,  China  was  not  able  to  achieve  na- 
tional unity  due  to  the  semi-autonomous 
Kwangtung  and  Kwangsi  provinces.  These 
were  the  rebellious  provinces,  indepen- 
dent financially  and  politically  of  Nan- 
king, and  giving  only  lip  service  to  the 
central  government.  "No  national  unity 
was  possible  until  control  of  these  prov- 
inces could   be  exercised. 

Then  a  quasi-miracle  happened.  The 
two  southern  provinces,  feeling  them- 
selves strong  enough  to  challenge  the 
authority  of  Nanking,  set  out  for  the 
scalp  of  General  Chiang  Kai-shek,  head 
of  the  national  army  and  the  one  really 
strong  man  of  the  country.  Camouflaged 
as  an  anti-Japanese  expedition,  General 
Chen  Chia-tang  of  Kwangtung  and  Gen- 
erals Pai  Chung-hsi  and  Li  Chung-jen 
of  Kwangsi   raised  the  standard  of  revolt. 

What  then  transpired  is  history,  too 
well  remembered  to  be  recounted  here. 
The  intelligent  masses  saw  through  the 
real  motive  behind  the  southern  military 
leaders'  plan  and  refused  material  or 
moral  support.  Various  military  units 
of  the  southern  leaders'  armies,  includ- 
ing scores  of  war  planes  and  pilots,  went 
over  to  Nanking.  The  revolt  was  crushed 
without  bloodshed.  The  most  critical 
threat  to  the  unity  of  the  nation  in  a  de- 
cade  of    history    was   prevented. 

But  the   removal  of  this  threat  did  not 


achieve  unity  for  the  country.  In  the 
North  the  military  expansionists  of  Jap- 
an have  not  receded  from  their  policy 
of  gaining  control  of  the  northern  prov- 
inces, by  diplomatic  maneuver  and  pres- 
sure if  possible,  and  by  military  force 
if  necessary.  General  Chiang's  master- 
ful stroke  in  achieving  control  of  the 
southern  provinces  did  not  stop  Japan's 
political  design  in  the  North,  but  merely 
hasten  it.  The  second  stumbling  block 
to  national  unity  is  represented  by  the 
Communist  armies  in  the  interior.  The 
The  number  of  Communists  in  arms  has 
always  been  a  mystery,  and  still  is.  But 
it  has  been  given  as  at  least  10,000  and 
as  many  as  50,000;  though  a  good  guess 
may    be    30,000. 

At  any  rate,  against  the  Communist 
armies  General  Chiang  has  fought 
for  the  better  part  of  10  years,  at  first 
sporatically,  but  since  1930  with  relentless 
energy.  Better  than  any  other  national 
leaders,  Chiang  understood  the  actual 
and  potential  danger  of  Communism  to 
the  central  government,  a  fear  corres- 
ponding to  the  same  feeling  the  Japanese 
militarists  entertain  for  the  Communists 
in  their  own  country.  This  was  the  rea- 
son Chiang  fought  and  continued  to 
fight  the  Communists  even  while  Jap- 
an's sword- rattlers  ran  over  the  bound- 
aries  of  Jehol  into   North  China. 


At  the  zenith  of  their  power  the  Com- 
munist armies  had  occupied  the  provinces 
of  Kiangsi,  Fukien  and  parts  of  Hunan, 
and  had  set  up  a  Chinese  Soviet  Repub- 
lic. They  later  penetrated  Hupeh  and 
Szechwan.  From  these  strongholds  they 
were  driven  out  by  Chiang.  Northwest- 
ward they  marched  and  now  are  shifting 
between  Kansu,  Ningsia  and  Shensi  prov- 
inces. And  since  the  defection  of  Chiang 
Hsueh-liang's  army  leaders,  the  Com- 
munsits  have  found  new  allies,  arms  and 
money  with  which  to  buy  needed  food 
and   ammunitions. 

Geographically,  the  Chinese  Soviet  Re- 
public may  no  longer  be  a  fact,  but  those 
who  give  allegiance  to  it  are  still  active 
and  many,  driven  hither  and  yon  though 
they  still  are  by  government  forces.  And 
their  erstwhile  leaders  are  still  alive — 
with  the  possible  exception  of  Chu  Teh — 
and    are   still   leading  the  armies. 

The  most  brilliant  political  organizer 
of  the  Communists  is  Mao  Tse-tung,  the 
one  person  whom  Chiang  must  eventually 
crush  before  the  latter  can  claim  victory 
for  his  fight  against  the  Red  armies.  Mao 
is  as  full  of  Communist  principles  as 
Chiang  is  full  of  Kuomintang  principles, 
and  compromise  between  the  two,  at  this 
juncture,    is    beyond    possibility. 

There  is  strong  sentiment  in  the  coun- 
( Continued    on   Page    17) 


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Page  4 


CHINESE      D I CE  ST 


February,    1937 


CULTURE 


CHINGWAH  LEE 


Chinese    Inventions  and 
Discoveries 

XXXII:  THE  CHINESE  HAD  A  MATERIA 
MEDICA  2,500  YEARS  ACO;  THEY  ANTI- 
CIPATED PAVLOV'S  EXPERIMENT,  THE 
CERM  THEORY,  THE  BINOMINAL  SYSTEM 
OF  NAMINC,  AND  THE  NATURAL  SY- 
STEM   OF    CLASSIFICATION 


The  first  known  Materia  Medica  or 
Herbal  Treaty  is  credited  to  Emperor 
Shen  Nung  of  2,700  IB.  C,  a  legendary 
figure  who,  anticipating  Pavlov  by  some 
4,600  years,  inserted  a  glass  window  in 
his  abdominal  wall  so  that  he  could  study 
the  effect  of  the  various  herbs  on  the  in- 
ternal organs.  He  is  also  said  to  have 
invented  the  plow  and  to  teach  his  people 
agriculture. 

More  likely,  the  first  Materia  Medica 
was  published  about  2,500  years  ago,  at 
the  end  of  the  Chou  Dynasty.  This  was 
a  great  period  in  the  development  of 
Chinese  medicine.  Chou  physicians  dis- 
covered the  circulation  of  the  blood, 
practiced  dissection,  and  produced  a  book 
of  anatomy  (Chinese  Digest,  2-21-36). 
They  also  had  a  Board  of  Public  Health 
and  a  Vetinary  Department  (Chinese  Di- 
gest,  3-13-36). 

According  to  one  account  the  first 
Materia  Medica  has  347  entries;  43  on 
minerals,  239  on  vegetables,  and  28  on 
animals.  According  to  another  there 
were  365  entries,  one  for  each  day  in 
the  year.  At  that  time  the  Chinese  had 
a  calendar  based  on  the  solar  system;  it 
was  not  till  later  that  they  developed  a 
luni-solar  calendar. 

The  herbal  treaty  grew  with  the  cen- 
turies, and  by  the  time  of  the  Mings  had 
over  1,500  entries.  An  herbal  doctor, 
one  Li  Shih-Chen,  worked  26  years  in 
producing  the  present  Materia  Medica  or 
"Pen  T'sao  Kang  Mu".  It  has  52  vol- 
umes, and  cites  some  950  publications  by 
some  800  authorities,  besides  listing  42 
previous  works  of  a  similar  nature.  There 
are  1,100  woodcuts,  and  some  of  the 
plants  reproduced  are  so  accurate  that  a 
botanist  can  easily  identify  the  genus  of 
each. 

This  Materia  Medica  was  presented  to 
the  Emperor  Wan  Li  (Cantonese:  Man 
Lik)  in  1596  and  it  was  ordered  printed 
the  following  year.  During  the  Ch'ing 
Dynasty  four  important  editions  were 
made,  and  even  today  the  Pen  T'sao  is 
considered  a  standard  work  by  Chinese 
herbalists.     My   late   father,  a  throat  spe- 


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Two  pages  from  the  Chinese  Materia  Medica,  late 
Ch'ing  dynasty  edition,   showing   type   of   illustrations 


cialist,  had  one  of  the  early  editions,  and 
during  the  fire  of  1906  he  fled  San  Fran- 
cisco with  a  roll  of  blankets  strapped 
to  his  back,  my  younger  brother  on  his 
right  arm,  a  bundle  of  necessities  on  his 
left,  and  the  Pen  T'sao  and  other  medical 
books  hanging  from  his  neck  in  front  of 
him! 

There  is  much  dispute  as  to  the  rela- 
tive merits  of  the  early  Chinese  and  West- 
ern medicine.  Henderson,  writing  in 
1865,  believed  that  the  medical  art  of 
Greece  in  the  time  of  Hippocrates,  with 
its  Egyptian,  Persian,  and  Arabian  heri- 
tage, was  superior  to  that  of  China.  On 
the  other  hand,  Dr.  B.  E.  Reading,  writ- 
ing in  the  Far  Eastern  Association  of 
Tropical  Medical  Transactions  in  1924, 
stated  that  so  far  as  the  Materia  Medica 
was  concerned,  the  Pen  T'sao  is  compar- 
able to  European  medicine  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  nineteenth  century.  "In 
fact,  when  there  has  been  a  proper  an- 
alysis of  its  contents  and  claims  as  com- 
pared with  most  recent  therapeutical  and 
biological  standards,  the  Chinese  Materia 
Medica   holds  a   place  second  to   none." 

The  Materia  Medica  is  divided  into 
three  sections:  The  Animal,  Vegetable, 
and    Mineral    Kingioms.      The     Mineral 


Kingdom  has  308  entries  and  is  divided 
into  three  sections,  water,  fire,  and  min- 
erals, and  the  latter  are  divided  into 
earth,  metals,  gems,  and  sttones.  Among 
the  chemicals  mentioned  are  acconite, 
alum,  arsenic,  borax,  calomel,  nitre,  su- 
gar of  lead,  and  sulphate  of  coppar.  The 
metals  have  28  entries,  including  alloys 
and  oxides  of  various  bronze  utensils. 
Besides  precious  stones,  some  14  kinds 
of  jade  are   listed. 

As  may  be  surmised,  the  vegetable  king- 
dom occupies  the  greater  portion  of  the 
book.  The  plants  are  divided  into  herbs 
(591  entries),  grains  (79),  vegetables 
(105),  fruits  (123),  and  trees  (160). 
Herbs  are  divided  into  Hill  (70  entries), 
fragrant  (56),  marshy  (126),  poisonous 
(47),  climbing  (82),  aquatic  (22),  stony 
(19), mossy  (16),  miscellaneous  plants 
(9)  and  weeds  (153).  Many  adjuvants, 
coloring  agents,  aromatics,  and  edibles 
are  mentioned  among  the  herbs,  but  all 
are    said    to    have    therapeutic    values. 

From  the  standpoint  of  nomenclature 
and  classification  the  section  on  the  ani- 
mal kingdom  is  most  interesting.  The 
animals,  with  293  entries,  are  divided  in- 
to five  divisions  or   phyla,  as  follows: 

I  Ch'ung  (worms  and  arthropods)  (99 
entries) : 


February,  1937 


CHINESE   DICEST 


Page  5 


CULTURE 


/ 


1.  Egg  born  insects:   bees,  butterflies,  etc. 
(23). 

2.  Metamorphic:  glow-worms,  gnats,  (31). 

3.  Aquatic:     Amphibia      (toads),     water 
beedles,    (23). 

4.  Arachinada:     Spiders,     grasshoppers, 
(22). 

II  Scaly  animals    (85): 

1.  Dragon,  lizards,  etc.   (9). 

2.  Scaled  snakes   (17). 

3.  Pisces — all    scaled    fishes    (31). 

4.  Scaleless  fishes,   eels,  squids,    (28). 

III  Shelled  animals    (46) : 

1.  Mollisca:    clams,    oysters,    (29). 

2.  Testudinatea:    Turtles,    tortoise,    (17). 

IV  Aves  (77): 

1.  Domestic  fowls   (23). 

2.  Water  fowls    (23). 

3.  Forest  birds    (17) . 

4.  Mountain  birds    (14). 

V  Mammalia    (86): 

1.  Rodentia:    Squirrels,    rabbits    (12). 

2.  Domestic    animals    (28). 

3.  Wild  animals    (38). 

4.  Apes  and   monkeys    (8). 

5.  Man  (1,  with  35  sub-entries). 

The  section  on  scaleless  animals  is  a 
convenient  pocket  into  which  are  poured 
all  the  "in-between"  animals:  jellyfish, 
lampreys,  dogfish,  sharks,  and  rays.  The 
bats  and  flying  squirrels  are  placed  with 
the  aves  group,  but  a  sea  mammal  (dol- 
phin?) is  properly  placed  with  the  beasts. 

Each  animal  mentioned  has  many  sub- 
entries.  Every  part  of  the  animal  which 
has  medicinal  value  is  listed:  heart, pan- 
creas, liver,  brain,  bone,  hoof,  milk, 
blood,  urine,  excreta,  hair,  etc. 

If  the  classification  appears  arbitrary 
it  should  be  remembered  that  the  system 
was  devised  merely  to  catalog  the  book. 
Even  so,  the  author  came  very  close  to 
a  naturalistic  classification.  In  the  in- 
troduction he  pointed  out  that  from  the 
"elements''  (water,  fire,  and  earth),  all 
things  arise;  first  the  metal  and  ores, 
then  the  living  things  in  this  order:  grass, 
grains,  vegetables,  fruits,  trees,  artifacts, 
ch'ung  (worms.bugs,  and  insects),  scaly 
animals,  shelled  animals,  feathered  birds, 
furry  beasts,  apes,  and  man  (from  sav- 
ages to  civilized   men) . 

Thus  Li  Shih-Chen  gave  a  more  de- 
tailed conception  of  evolution  than  does 
Chuang  Tzu  who  preceeded  him  by  el- 
e»en    hundred     years.       What     surprises 


many  is  that  he  interposed  artifacts  (ap- 
parels and  utensils)  between  the  plants 
and  animals.  Physicians  of  the  time  were 
aware  of  them  as  having  a  virus  more 
powerful  than  plants.  They  were  on  the 
threshold  of  arriving  at  the  germ  theory: 
the  use  of  boiled  water  and  the  boiling 
of  left  over  food  to  keep  were  universal, 
and  they  attributed  the  decaying  of  teeth 
to  microscopic  "worms".  The  Materia 
Medica  listed  sick  men's  clothes  as  cap- 
able of  producing  physiological  effects 
(See  "The  inocculation  against  small  pox 
with  infected  garments"  and  "Chinese 
Discoveries  in  Medicine",  soon  to  appear 
n   these  columns). 

It  is  interesting  to  note  here  that  the 
Chinese  language  is  ideally  suited  for  the 
binominal  system  of  nomenclature.  Each 
word  generally  has  two  halves,  an  ideo- 
graphic classifier  which  gives  a  character- 
istic of  the  class  to  which  the  object  be- 
longs, and  a  phonetic  component  which 
gives  the  sound  or  a  specific  characteristic 
of  the  object  named  or  both.  This  is 
most  clearly  seen  in  the  names  of  plants. 
A  novice  knows  instantly  whether  a  given 
plant  belongs  to  the  grass,  grain,  wheat, 
bamboo,  or  tree  class  by  merely  examin- 
ing the   ideographic  constituent. 

References:  "Pen  T'sao  Kang  Mu", 
Ch'ing  Dynasty  and  Commercial  Press 
editions.  The  "Pen  T'sao  Kiu  Tsin", 
"Pen  T'sao  Pei  Yu",  "Tang  Ya  Pen 
T'sao",  etc. 


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Page  6 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


February,    1937 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


LIM  P.  LEE 


OPPORTUNITIES  FOR  THE 

AMERICAN  BORN  CHINI/SE 

IN  CHINA 

(An  interview  with  Dr.  Charles  R.  Shep- 
herd, superintendent  of  Chung  Mei  Home 
for  boys.   El  Cerrito,  California.) 

After  an  absence  of  20  years, 
where  he  once  was  on  the  faculty 
of  Pui  Ching  Academy  in  Canton, 
Dr.  Shepherd  recently  made  a  spe- 
cial trip  to  China  to  acquaint  him- 
self with  present  conditions  there. 
He  studied  the  adjustments  many 
American-born  Chinese  have  made 
there  and  inquired  into  the  oppor- 
tunities for  those  intending  to  re- 
turn to  their  homeland.  Less  than 
a  month  ago  Dr.  Shepherd  returned 
here  and  the  following  interview, 
packed  with  pertinent  facts  gather- 
ed at  first-hand,  should  be  of  con- 
siderable interest  to  thousands  of 
CHINESE  DIGEST  readers.  Exi- 
gency of  space  has  made  it  necessary 
to  limit  the  interview  to  essentials. 
Who  are  some  of  the  American- 
born  who  have  made  good  in  China, 
was  the  first  question  asked  of  Dr. 
Shepherd. 

"My  list  is  not  all-inclusive,  but 
they  include  the  following:  Dr. 
John  Y.  Lee,  owner  and  manager 
of  the  China  Scientific  Instruments 
Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Shanghai;  his  brother, 
Joses.  who  holds  an  important  po- 
sition with  the  government  railways; 
his  sister,  and  Sarah,  who  teaches 
in  a  government  school  in  Canton. 
Then  there  is  Bill  Poy,  of  Portland, 
who,  about  to  finish  his  first  term 
with  the  Hackett  Memorial  Medical 
College  in  Canton,  was  offered  and 
has  accented  the  concurrent  posts 
of  Chief  Surgeon  of  the  Govern- 
ment Military  Hospital  and  Chief 
Anatomist  at  the  new  Sun  Yat-sen 
Memorial  Medical  College,  both  in 
Canton.  Lai  Sun,  brother  of  Mrs. 
George  Fong  of  Berkeley,  Californ- 
ia, holds  a  good  position  with  the 
Texaco  Co.  in  Hongkong;  James 
Wong,  brother  of  Anna  May  Wong, 
is  Professor  of  Foreign  Trade  at 
the  Shanghai  University  School  of 
Commerce;  Norman  T.  Soong  helps 
edit  the  Nanking  edition  of  the  Chi- 
na Press  (Shanghai) ;  while  Charles 
K.  Wang  is  a  professor  at  both  the 
Catholic  (Fu-jen)  University  and 
the  Central  University  at  Peiping. 
Sarah  Lee,  daugher  of  the  Rev.  Lee 


S.  Hong  of  Oakland,  California, 
teaches  in  Canton;  while  two  Wong 
boys  from  Chicago  whose  initials 
I  have  forgotten,  are  in  the  bank- 
ing business  in  Hongkong.  Agnes 
Mark,  a  Canadian  born  girl,  holds 
an  important  secretarial  position  in 
the  Shanghai  Hospital,  and  James 
W.  Young  is  employed  in  the  larg- 
est architectural  firm  in  Shanghai. 
There  are  many  others,  including 
a  number  of  Canadian  born  Chi- 
nese, but  I  have  mentioned  just 
those  who  come  to  my  mind  at  pre- 
sent." 

How  should  the  American  born 
prepare  themselves  for  careers  in 
China,  was  the  next  question  asked 
Dr.  Shepherd. 

"Except  in  the  rarest  instances, 
they  should  not  be  encouraged  to 
make  preparation  along  academic 
lines  with  a  view  to  teaching  or  kin- 
dred professions.  It  was  interesting 
to  find  that  leaders  of  the  nation 
expressed  the  thought  that  the  coun- 
try was  already  overburdened  with 
political  scientists  and  theorists.  If, 
however,  there  should  be  rare  in- 
stances where  an  American  born 
feels  convinced  that  his  future  lies 
in  such  fields,  the  sooner  he  comes 
back  to  China  the  better.  He 
should  come  back  in  time  to  do  the 
latter  part  of  his  high  school  work 
in  China." 

"In  medicine,  pharmacy,  surgery 
and  engineering  of  every  type,"  Dr. 
Shenherd  continued,  "  the  Ameri- 
can born  Chinese  should  secure  the 
best  that  American  universities  are 
able  to  give  before  going  to  China. 
He  will  have  to  work  hard  after  he 
returns  to  make  up  for  his  deficien- 
cies in  the  language  and  culture. 

"There  was  one  thing  that  was 
stressed  over  and  over  again,  from 
the  most  prominent  national  leaders 
to  the  most  humble  American  born 
who  is  trying  to  get  a  start  in  China, 
and  it  is  this:  he  or  she,  whether 
expecting  to  go  to  China  to  serve 
his  country  or  to  get  gain,  if  the 
individual  is  to  take  his  place  readi- 
ly in  the  scheme  of  things,  and  to  be 
successful  and  happy,  he  or  she 
must,  during  the  davs  of  youth  here 
in  America,  give  diligence  to  the 
study  of  the  language,  history  and 
culture  of  China.  I  cannot  tell  you 
how  many  times  I  have  heard,  from 
the  lips  of   American    born   Chinese 


now  in  China,  the  lament  that  they 
had  not  given  themselves  more  seri- 
ous thoughts  to  these  things  while 
in  America." 

A  final  question  was  asked  of  Dr. 
Shepherd:  "From  your  own  convic- 
tion, do  you  think  it  is  better  that 
the  American  born  remain  here  or 
do  you  think  they  should  go  back 
to  China?" 

"That  depends  upon  a  number  of 
things.  If  the  economic  opportuni- 
ties in  America  were  not  so  limited 
I  should  be  less  disposed  to  urge 
them  to  return  to  China,  for  oppor- 
tunities are  also  limited  there.  If, 
however,  the  American  born  Chi- 
nese fails  to  find  an  adequate  field 
for  self  expression  and  achievement 
in  this  country,  or  if  many  Ameri- 
can born  come  to  feel  a  deep  sense 
of  responsibility  to  their  own  na- 
tion, and  desire  to  make  a  contribu- 
tion toward  the  welfare  of  their  fel- 
low countrymen,  then  by  all  means 
go  back  to  China.  But  there  are 
certain  fundamental  requirements 
which  must  be  met,  and  certain  fatal 
errors  which  must  be  avoided.  As 
to  requirements,  in  addition  to  the 
study  of  the  language  and  culture, 
there  must  be  a  willingness  to  make 
sacrifices,  to  endure  hardship  and 
to  work  assiduously.  One  national 
leader  has  expressed  it  .this  way: 
Send  us  men,  not  so-called  white- 
collar  men,  but  men  who  are  experts 
in  their  line,  men  who  are  not  above 
putting  on  overalls  and  soiling  their 
hands;  men  who  are  willing  to  go  in- 
to the  interior  to  work  and  merge 
themselves  in  the  lives  of  the  people, 
and  to  forget  if  necessary  that  there 
are  such  things  as  movies,  cabarets 
and  mah  jong  parties."  The  error 
that  must  be  steadfastly  guarded  a- 
gainst  is  the  felling  among  manv 
American  born  that  they  are  a  bit 
better  than  the  native  born,  and  that 
their  college  degrees  are  an  open 
sesame  to  easy  jobs  and  comfortable 
salaries.  Such  an  attitude  upon 
their  part  is  in  a  measure  responsi- 
ble for  their  inability  to  find  hos- 
pitality and  to  adjust  themselves  in 
China.  The  American  born  Chinese 
should  rather  feel  that  his  superior 
education  and  advantages  place  up- 
on him  a  greater  responsibility  tor 
service    to    his   fellow    countrym 


February,  1937 


CHINESE   DIGEST 


SOCIOLOGICAL   DATA 


Ng*  7 


SURVEY  OF  EARY  CHINESE- 
AMERICAN     RELATIONS 
By   Alice  P.    Fong 

(Concluded    from   last   issue) 

The  following  day  a  large  company  of 
Chinese  residents  took  part  in  the  funeral 
procession    and    made    a    notable    contri- 

I  bution  to  the  affair,  following  which  a 
learned  document  setting  forth  the  grati- 

1  tude  and  appreciation  of  the  Chinese  for 
American  friendship,  and  protection  in 
their  pursuit  of  life  and  happiness  on 
.American    soil,    and   expressing   bereave- 

|  ment  for  the  loss  of  its  President,  was 
presented  to  Mayor  Geary.  This  event 
marked   henceforth    considerable    interest 

1  in  public  affairs  taken  by  the  Chinese 
community.  Hence,  on  October  29,  1850 
when  the  "Oregon"  brought  the  exciting 
news  of  California's  admission  to  the 
Union  (Annals  of  San  Francisco-  pp 
293-295).  a  great  procession  and  appro- 
priate celebration  in  honor  of  the  occa- 
sion was  held  in  which  the  Chinese 
formed    another   striking    feature. 

As  a  general  effect  of  the  gold  dis- 
coveries, San  Francisco  saw  constant  ar- 
rivals of  more  Chinese,  Americans,  Euro- 
peans, and  other  nationalities.  Many 
turned  to  mining  pursuits,  and  those  who 
remained,  settled  in  San  Francisco.  This 
admixture  of  races  gave  San  Francisco 
a  pleasant  aspect,  a  certain  levity  of 
cheerfulness,  nd  in  general  a  law-abid- 
ing and  useful  group  of  citizens. 

By  nature,  inaggressive,  Chinese  early 
took  to  a  quiet,  peaceful  work  which  was 
not  welcomed  by  the  whites.  They  wash- 
ed, cooked,  tilled  the  soil,  planted  veget- 
ables and  flowers,  filled  the  swamps  with 
sand,  and  worked  with  brick  and  granite. 
The  merchants  transacted  business  in  a 
polite,  shrewd,  and  businesslike  manner. 
Many  of  them  were  learned,  rich,  gener- 
ousd  and  respectable  men  who  spoke  good 
English.  They  lived  in  dwellings  many 
frames  of  which  were  brought  directly 
from  China.  Colorful  Chinese  touches 
and  lanterns  made  them  distinctly  and 
characteristically  Chinese.  A  rapid  dis- 
appearnce  of  this  distinction,  however, 
is  now  evincing  much  protest  from  those 
who  wish  to  preserve  Chinatown  as  a 
colorful  and  attractive  spot  for  modern 
San  Francisco. 

By  1852,  the  Chinese  community  be- 
came sufficiently  large  to  support  two 
dramatic  companies  (Annals  of  San 
Francisco  —pp  378-387).  They  were 
fond  of  amusement,  ceremonies  and  mu- 
sic.     Many    national    festivals    and    holi- 


days were  observed  with  ftasting  and 
burning  of  firecrackers.  Twice  a  year 
elaborate  processions  were  made  to  the 
cemetery   to   pay  honor  to  their  dead. 

In  social  organization,  the  Chinese 
transplanted  their  simple  democratic  pa- 
triarchal control  in  social  relations  to 
Amerrica.  The  only  difference,  how- 
ever, is  in  the  multiplicity  of  authority 
as  the  immigrant  residents  were  drawn 
from  several  dstricts  in  Canton,  the  most 
southern  seacoast  province  which  wat 
opened  to  foreign  intercourse  from  the 
beginning.  Each  district  represented  by 
the  settlers  had  a  council  of  elders  which 
attended  to  all  matters  pertaining  to  the 
well-being  of  the  immigrant  from  the 
home  district.  These  societies,  for  lack 
of  proper  interpretation  of  terms  were 
called  companies.  When  interests  inter- 
lapped  among  the  various  district  mem- 
bers, a  super  council  composed  of  re- 
presentatives from  the  six  societies,  a 
mutual  league  council,  to  excercise  su- 
preme   control,    was    organized. 

Elaborate  extension  of  this  district  pa- 
triarchal control  covered  all  territories 
throughout  the  United  States  where  Chi- 
nese residents  appeared.  For  a  closer 
unity  of  purpose  and  mutual  protection 
and  enlightenment  of  the  Chinese  in 
America,  the  first  newspaper  "The  Gold 
Hill  News"  came  out  in  April  29,  1854. 
The  same  year  saw  the  actual  bridging 
of  the  Pacific  between  the  United  States 
and  Asia  by  the  establishment  of  mail 
steamers  to  Shanghai  and  the  opening 
of    Japan   to  American    trade  by   Perry. 

The  Chinese  immigrants  considered 
heathens  by  their  white  brothers  were 
exteremely  religious  in  that  their  expres- 
sions was  manifested  in  proper  treatment 
of  their  fellowmen  and  in  divine  venera- 
tion of  their  ancestors  and  great  sages 
of  the  past.  The  many  temples  dedicate- 
ed  to  their  various  great  heroes  canonized 
in  China's  glorious  past  were  symbolic 
of  their  great  reverence  for  the  brave, 
the  wise,  and  the  good,  ever  reminding 
the  Chinese  wherever  they  are,  that  wise 
words    and    noble    deeds    can    never   die. 

Even  in  the  early  uncultured  mining 
days,  the  San  Francisco  Chinese  exhibit- 
ed rare  tapestries,  gilted  carvings,  ebony 
furniture  inlaid  with  mother  of  pearl, 
beautiful  embroidered  wall  hangings,  e- 
laborately  carved  figures,  urns,  and  hand- 
some brass  bells  and  gongs  in  their  many 
temples  called  Joss  Houses,  Joss  being 
a  corruption  of  the  Portuguese  word  deos 
meaning  God. 

By  1892,  in  spite  of  continued  mal- 
treatment of  the  Chinese  immigrant,  phy- 


sically, verbally,  and  legally,  in  the  hands 
of  the  ignorant  and  unliberal  men  in 
power,  whether  in  the  mines,  in  the  towns 
or  cities  where  the  Chinese  congregated, 
there  were  enough  thinking  citizens  in 
California  who  were  cognizant  of  the 
legends,  traditions,  and  contributions  of 
the   Chinese  as   one   of   its   early  peoples. 

To  judge  the  whole  so-called  Chinese 
Question  in  a  sane  and  unbiased  fashion, 
all  sides  must  be  viewed.  The  side  chieflly 
emphasized  by  most  writers,  other  than 
the  one  presented  here,  is  clearly  justifi- 
able in  the  light  of  the  type  of  hysteria, 
greed,  fear  and  short-sighted  view  of  life 
prevailing  in  that  hard  period  of  Cali- 
fornia's birth.  In  view  of  this  fact,  more- 
over, it  is  true  that  the  Chinese,  being 
human,  were  also  not  immune  from  their 
proper  share  of  human  vice  and  degrada- 
tion. The  female  population  never  be- 
ing preponderant  in  any  pioneer  group 
an  dwhatever  ones  appeared  being  of 
the  dissolute  species,  the  Chinese  females, 
therefore,  were  no  exceptions  to  this  rule. 
For  respite  from  hard  work,  Chinese  mu- 
sicians, prostitutes,  and  gambling  gave 
them  their  principal  recreation  and  pas- 
time, and  consequently,  as  sufficiently 
publicized,    their    undue   disrespectability. 

All  in  all,  the  Chinese  contribution  to 
the  founding,  the  development,  and 
growth  of  the  western  empire,  whether 
in  their  quiet,  unobtrusive  cultural  pat- 
tern, or  in  their  man  power,  making  it 
possiblefor  the  huge  changes  wrought  by 
structural  improvement  and  railroad  im- 
petus, it  cannot  be  said  to  be  of  no  sig- 
nificance, which  to  this  day  is  still  ar- 
ticulate. No  convention  to  San  Francis- 
co today  is  replete  without  a  visit  and 
celebration  in  artistic  Chinatown  is  no 
empty  exaggeration,  as  the  Californians, 
Inc.,  well  knows.  An  old  Chinese  philo- 
sopher once  said,"  Knowledge  without 
wisdom  is  dangerous".  In  human  rela- 
tions especially,  its  true  import  and  sig- 
nificance cannot  be  over-estimated.  Wis- 
dom and  knowledge  make  for  the  under- 
standing and  reciprocity.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  how  different  histories  of  na- 
tions would  be  if  only  educational  com- 
missions and  cultural  ideas  were  also 
interchanged  as  peoples  contact  one  an- 
other for  the  interchange  of  commodities! 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  gives  the  current 
history  of  your  generation  in  your  own  China- 
town.     Keep    it   filed   for    future    references. 

Spread  the  word!  Mention  us  to  our 
advertisers!     He'll  feel  pleased — and  we   too! 


Page  8 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


February,    1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


NAMES  OF  THE  MONTH 

Honolulu,  T.  H. —  Professor  Shao 
Chang  Lee,  professor  of  Oriental  studies 
at  the  University  of  Hawaii,  has  been 
elected  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Institute  of  Pacific  Rela- 
tion,  it  has  been  announced. 

Prof.  Lee  is  a  Tsing  Hua  graduate, 
with  degrees  also  from  Yale  and  Col- 
umbia Universities.  From  1918  to  1922 
he  served  as  executive  secretarry  for  the 
Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  San  Francisco, 
resigning  to  accept  a  teaching  position 
with  the  University  of  Hawaii,  where  he 
has  been  since. 


of  Entomology  and  Plant  Quarantine, 
also  a  division  of  the  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture,  in  Honolulu.  Chang  is 
a  younger  brother  of  Dr.  D.  K.  Chang 
of   San  Francisco. 


Honolulu,  T.  H. —  When  the  national 
conference  on  venerearal  disease  control 
was  held  in  Washington  D.  C.  from 
December  28-30,  a  young  Chinese  re- 
presented the  Honolulu  Territorial  Board 
of  Health.  He  was  Dr.  Richard  K.  E. 
Lee,  deputy  health  officer  of  Honolulu, 
now  attending  Yale  University. 


New  York,  N.  Y. —  Establishing  a 
precedent,  a  Chinese  woman  church  and 
social  worker  in  Chinatown  here  recently 
donated  $200  to  set  up  the  Edwin  R.  S. 
Seligman  Prize  Fund  in  the  Department 
of    Economics   at   Columbia    University. 

The  woman  was  Dr.  Mabel  Peng-hua 
Lee,  only  Chinese  girl  to  obtain  a  Ph.  D. 
in  Economics  at  Columbia.  She  also 
wrote  one  of  the  few  outstanding  theses 
ever  penned  by  Chinese  students  in  Am- 
erica. It  was  entitled  The  -Economic 
History  of  China  and  was  published  in 
1921    by  the  China  Trade  Bureau. 

While  in  Columbia  Dr.  Lee  studied 
under  Prof.  Seligman..  After  her  gradu- 
ation she  spent  several  years  in  teaching 
in  Canton,  but  later  returned  to  New 
York   to  work  among  the  Chinese   there. 


New  York,  N.  Y —  Because  "of  his 
more  than  friendly  interest  in  advancing 
the  specialty  of  anesthesia  and  in  recog- 
nition of  his  splendid  research  work  in 
surgery  and  anesthesia,  as  well  as  his 
most  resultful  good  offices  in  helping  to 
retore  medical  anesthesia  to  the  New 
York  College  of  Medicine  and  Bellevue 
Hospital,"  Dr.  Frank  Co  Tui  was  elected 
honorary  president  of  the  International 
Anesthesia  Research  Society  at  the  15th 
Annual  Congress  of  Anesthetists  held  re- 
cently  in  Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Dr.  Co  Tui  was  also  chosen  as  the 
presiding  officer  for  the  1937  Congress. 
The  Congress  is  composed  of  the  Asso- 
ciated Anesthetists  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  the  International  Anesthe- 
sia Research  Society,  The  Eastern  Society 
of  Anesthetists,  the  Mid- Western  Associ- 
ation of  Anesthetists,  and  the  Southern 
Association   of   Anesthetists. 

The  first  Chinese  to  be  thus  honored, 
Dr.  Co  Tui  is  Associate  Professor  of  Sur- 
gery at  New  York  University  College 
of    Medicine    and    Bellevue    Hospital. 


Chinese  Learn  "Sit-Down'' 
Strike  Strategy 

Calgary,  Alta. —  This  city  witnessed  its 
first  "sit-down"  protest  one  day  last 
month  when  a  score  of  Chinese  squatted 
in  the  middle  of  the  car  tracks  on  Eighth 
Avenue,  the  main  thoroughfare.  They 
held  up  tram  and  motor  traffic  and  at- 
tracted a  throng  of  shoppers  intrigued 
by   this    unusual    spectacle. 

The  Chinese  were  homeless  indigents 
on  relief,  receiving  $1.12  a  week  from 
the  Alberta  Relief  Commission.  The  "sit- 
down"  protest  was  made  presumably  to 
ask  for  more  relief.  However,  police 
soon  removed  the  demonstrators,  making 
no  arrests. 


San  Francisco,  Calif. —  Mrs.  Lily  K. 
Jean  is  the  only  Chinese  employed  as  a 
social  service  worker  under  the  Social 
Security  program  in  this  city.  She  was 
formerly  employed  for  several  years  as 
Chinese  case  worker  on  the  county  re- 
lief administration,  and  has  intimate 
knowledge  of  the  social  needs  among  the 


Chinese   here. 

Mrs.  Jean  is  the  wife  of  Wong  Jean, 
prominent  in  the  Cathay  Post,  American 
Legion  affairs.  She  is  active  in  the  Ca- 
thay   Post    Women's    Auxiliary. 

Honolulu,  T.  H—  Theodore  C.  H. 
Char,  chief  field  auditor  in  the  Territorial 
Auditing  Department  here,  a  position  he 
has  held  since  December,  1934,  resigned 
recently  to  enter  private  practice.  Prior 
to  his  appointment  as  chief  field  auditor. 
Char  had  served  2  years  as  first  deputy 
city  and  county  auditor. 


OPENING      SPECIAL 


I  (Jan.  29  to  Feb.  28,  1937) 

1 

go 

1  MEN'S   overcoats,   suits 

1  LADIE'S    coats,  dresses 

H  (Thoroughly    cleaned    and    pressed! 

1  CHILDREN'S   suits,   coats, 

I  overcoats,   dresses 

ft  (Thoroughly   cleaned   and    pressed 


49c  '-p 


30cup 


Honolulu,  T.  H. —  D.  Y  Chang,  assis- 
tant clerk  in  the  Hawaii  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment Station  of  the  U  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  here,  was  recently 
transferred  to  a  clerkship  in  the  office 
of    the    entomologist    in    charge,    Bureau 


i? 


HATS  cleaned   and   blocked  39c 

LAUNDRY    SERVICE  —  We  call  and  deliver  FREE 

KWONC      KWONC      CLEANERS 

664  Jackson  Street  Telephone  CHina  2366 


February,  1937 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


Page  9 


CHINATOWNIA 


Chinese  3rd  Highest  Salar- 
ied Man  In  Bay  Area 

San  Francisco,  Calif. —  Joe  Shoong  of 
Oakland,  president  iof  the  National  Dol- 
lar Stores,  Ltd.,  was  one  of  the  three  "big" 
men  in  the  bay  district  whose  salaries 
exceeded  #100,000  in  1935.  This  was 
made  known  when  the  U.  S.  Treasury 
Department  made  a  report  of  the  salaries 
of  the  nation's  big  business  men  and  wo- 
men for  1935  to  Congress  recently.  This 
report,  released  by  the  House  Ways  and 
Means  Committee,  contained  entries  of 
more    than    15,000   names. 

Joe  Shoong's  salary  was  given  as 
#126,807.  This  was  exceeded  only  by 
that  given  for  John  Francis  Neylan,  local 
attorney,  and  K.  R.  Kingsbury,  president, 
Standard  Oil  of  California,  who  earned 
#157,520  and   #150,000,    respectively. 

Joe  Shoong  operates  close  to  2  scores 
of  chain  dry  goods  stores  throughout  the 
Pacific  Coast,  employing  hundreds  of 
Chinese  and  American  workers,  in  ad- 
dition   to   many    garment   factories. 

At  present  the  head  of  National  Dollar 
Stores  is  visiting  China  with  his  family. 
While  traveling  through  the  districts  near 
his  own  ancestral  village  in  Chungshan 
District,  Kwangtung  province,  recently, 
he  noted  appaling  poverty  and  human 
misery  among  his  people  as  a  result  of 
several  years  of  depression  and  poor 
crops.  To  the  elder  of  his  district  he 
gave  #2,000  and  instructed  that  the  mon- 
ey be  spent  for  food  relief.  Those  who 
applied  for  it  numbered  2,200,  including 
300  from  distant  villages. 


Stockton  Calif. —  An  indication  that 
prosperity  is  greeting  this  city's  China- 
town again  is  evidenced  by  the  opening 
of  two  new  restaurants  in  the  community 
recently.  Choy  Norn,  of  Rio  Vista,  has 
opened  the  Roosevelt  Cafe,  while  Wong 
Foon  and  Jones  Lowe  has  opened  the 
Gum  Inn. 


|    SUN    WAH    KUE   | 

%  CHOP   SUEY   and   NOODLES  % 

0        Best    coffee   and    pastry        ^ 
i*  in    Chinatown  ^ 

%  848  Washington  St.      Phone  CHina  1137  ^ 
j  San    Francisco,  California  % 


Local  Girl  Enters  Convent 

San  Francisco,  Calif. —  Professing  her 
desire  to  become  a  missionary  nun,  a 
young  San  Francisco  born  Chinese  girl 
left  her  native  city  last  month  to  enter 
the  Maryknoll  Convent  at  Ossining,  N.Y. 

She  was  Miss  Edna  Jung,  who  was 
converted  to  the  Catholic  faith  only  2 
years  ago,  receiving  her  Baptism  at  the 
Chineese  Catholic  Mission,  902  Stockton 
St.  She  is  the  first  Chinese  girl  from 
Chinatown  to  enter  this  vocation,  accord- 
ing to  Rev.  George  Johnson,  C.  S.  P., 
director  of  the  Mission. 

Maryknoll  is  the  familiar  title  of  the 
Catholic  Foreign  Mission  Society  in  Am- 
erica. It  has  hundreds  of  priests  and 
sisters  working  in  several  missions  in 
South  China  and  other  parts  of  the  Far 
East.  It  is  expected  that  Miss  Jung,  after 
her  profession,  will  be  sent  to  China  to 
work  among  her  own  people  in  Canton. 
•  • 

San  Francisco's  only  Chinese  Tennis 
Club  is  giving  its  second  annual  Chinese 
New  Year's  Eve  dance  Wednesday  eve- 
ning, February  10,  at  the  N.  S.  G.  S. 
Hall,  1044  Stockton  St.,  according  to 
Dr.  Theodore   C.   Lee,    club    chairman. 

•  • 

"GOOD  EARTH"  O.  K'd  BY  CHINA 

The  Chinese  government  has  given  its 
stamp  of  official  approval  to  the  filmiza- 
tion  of  "The  Good  Earth,"  Pearl  S. 
Buck's  world  famous  story  of  the  life 
of  a  Chinese  farmer,  according  to  Con- 
sul-General C  C.  Huang,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. The  picture,  which  took  several 
years  to  complete,  will  have  its  world 
premiere  in  Los  Angeles  on  January   29. 

Many  of  the  Chinese  feature  players 
in   "The    Good   Earth"  are    San    Francis- 


Chinese  In  Two  Cities 
Win  Parade  Prizes 

Fresno,  Calif. —  This  city  held  the  fif- 
tieth anniversary  of  its  founding  recently 
with  a  county  wide  celebration,  at  the 
same  time  holding  dedication  ceremony 
ftor  its  new  million-dollar  auditorium.  A 
night  parade  was  held  in  which  the  Fres- 
no Chinese  Association  participated  with 
a  Chinese  float,  with  Nellie  Lee  as  queen 
and  4  other  girls  as  attendants.  This 
entry  was  later  adjudged  the  best  float 
in  the  parade  and  the  first  prize  of  a 
trophy  was  awarded  to   the  Chinese. 


El  Paso,  Texas —  The  Second  Annual 
Sun  Carnival  was  held  here  recently,  with 
scores  of  floats  entered,  including  one 
entered  by  the  Chinese  colony  in  that 
city  .  The  occasion  was  made  important 
by  the  attendance  of  the  Governor  of 
Texas,  James  V.  Allred,  who  acted  as 
Grand  Marshal.  The  Chinese  float  won 
second   prize  in  the  carnival. 

•  • 

WILL  PAY  25   cents  for  the  first  five 
copies  of  unfolded  Chinese  Digest  in  good 
condition,    of  the    following    issues: 
Vol.    2,    No.   28    (July    10,    1936) 
Vol.   2,   No.   29    (July  7,    1936) 
Box   20,  Chinese  Digest,  868  Washington 
St.,    San    Francisco.      — Ad. 

•  • 

cans,  including  William  Law,  Mary 
Wong  and  C.  W.  Lee.  All  these  players 
will  attend  the  world  premiere,  it  is 
learned. 


WE      THANK      YOU 

We  sincerely  appreciate  your  patronage  and  good  will. 

Roos  Bros,  is  now  better  equipped  than  ever  to  serve 

your  apparel  needs. 

With  sincere  wishes  that  you  may  enjoy  a 

"real  Chinese  New  Year" 


Henry   Shue   Tom 
Dorothy  Wing 


Horace  Fong 

(Oakland) 


with 


Roo^Bco* 

Market  at   Stockton 


Page   10 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


February,    1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


"Ah  Louis"  Passes  on  at 
Age  of  97 

San  Luis  Obispo,  Calif. —  Ah  Louis, 
one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  this  century 
old  California  town,  and  patriarch  of 
the  139th  generation  of  his  clan,  has 
passed  on.  He  was  within  three  years 
of  the  century  mark  and  had  lived  for 
more  than  3  score  years  in  San  Luis 
Obispo  and  played  a  major  part  in  the 
building    of   this    city. 

Ah  Louis  belonged  to  the  generation 
who,  amidst  hardships  known  only  to 
pioneers,  helped  built  the  state  of  Cali- 
fornia. Born  Wong  On,  in  a  little  vill- 
age in  Kwangtung  province,  Ah  Louis 
came  to  this  country  as  a  youth  of  21 
and,  except  for  a  short  trip  back  to  his 
ancestral  hearth  in  1934,  had  lived  here 
ever  since.  The  nickname  of  Ah  Louis 
was  given  him  by  an  American  store 
owner  when  he  was  gold  mining  in  the 
1860's  in  Oregon,  a  name  which  he  there- 
after  bore   until  his   death. 

From  gold  mining  Ah  Louis  turned 
to  cooking.  But  his  career  really  began 
when  he  became  contractor  for  supply- 
ing Chinese  laborers  to  work  on  rail- 
roads then  being  built  in  the  state.  He 
settled  in  San  Luis  Obispo  and  built  a 
house  as  lodging  place  for  his  country- 
men laborers.  This  house,  on  Palm 
Street,  still  remains  and  is  a  landmark 
in  the  city. 

Ah  Louis  played  an  important  role 
in  the  agricultural  development  of  San 
Luis  Obispo.  His  men  built  the  old 
Cuesta  grade  and  constructed  roads  in 
the  Cambria-Paso  Robles  district.  He 
operated  ranches  at  Oceano,  Oso  Flaco, 
Edna,  Santa  Fe,  Chorro  and  the  Anholm 
tract;  raised  prize  cattle  and  developed 
seedraising  of  vegetables  and  flowers. 
Descendants  of  generations  of  farmers, 
Ah  Louis  had  an  instinctive  love  of  the 
soil  and  the  earth  of  the  new  world 
possessed  few  secrets  for  him. 

One  of  the  last  of  the  old  California 
Chinese,  Ah  Louis  will  live  in  the  mem- 
ories of  later  pioneers.  He  is  survived 
by  5  sons,  3  daughters  and  3  grand- 
children. 

(For  a  short  account  of  Ah  Louis'  life, 
see  "Ah  Louis,"  by  William  Hoy,  in 
the    Chinese    Digest,    April    3,    1936.) 


Wong  Lee,  Justice  of 
the  Peace 

Boston,  Mass. —  Wong  Lee  is  just  an 
average  middle-age  Chinese  laundryman, 
doing  an  average  business  in  the  little 
town  of  Melrose.  Like  thousands  of  his 
dountrymen  all  over  the  U.  S.,  he  is  a 
patient,  industrious,  frugal,  honest  and 
peaceful  creature,  and  he  treated  his 
customers  like  old   friends. 

But  Wong  Lee  is  not  an  obscure  little 
laundryman,  but  well  known  and  well 
liked  by  the  old  and  young  of  his  com- 
munity, which  was  his  own  little  world, 
for  he  has  been  there  for  many  summers. 
He  was  a  popular  man. 

It  was  not  surprising,  therefore,  that 
his  community  decided  upon  him  to  be 
its  Democratic  delegate  to  the  Democratic 
National  Convention  last  year.  Being  a 
citizen  by  birth,  Wong  Lee  had  learned 
the  American  habit  of  quick  action.  He 
did  not  consult  the  stars  or  the  book  of 
good  and  bad  omens — he  didn't  know 
these  things,  anyway — but  accepted  his 
appointment.  He  made  some  personal 
deliveries  of  newly  laundered  shirts,  clos- 
ed up  his  laundry  for  the  time,  and 
journeyed  to  Philadelphia,  his  suitcase  in 
his  hand,  and  in  his  heart  the  responsi- 
blity  of  an  important  obligation  to  dis- 
charge. 

Leong  Gor  Yun,  in  his  book,  "China- 
town Inside  Out,"  stated  that  anything 
is  leable  to  happen  to  any  Chinese  in 
these  United  States,  and  cited  Wong  Lee, 
Democratic  delegate,  as  an  unusual  ex- 
ample. A  Chinese  laundryman  becomes 
the  first  of  his  race  to  represent  an 
American  community  to  a  big  political 
caucus!  What  was  more,  Wong  Lee  was 
fortunate  in  picking  his  party  affiliation, 
for  in  1936  the  thousands  of  Chinese 
voters  in  the  country  had  suddenly  gone 
Republican,  just  as  suddenly  as  they  had 
gone   Democratic   in    1932. 

Wong  Lee  conducted  himself  with  the 
utmost  decorum  becoming  one  who  had 
official  duty  to  perform.  He  mixed  with 
his  fellow  representatives  from  all  over 
the  land  but  did  not  participate  with 
them  in  the  imbibing  of  intoxicants, 
which  everybody  seemed  to  be  doing. 
After  a  time  he  discharged  his  duty  and 
returned  home  as  quietly  as  he  had  come. 


For  Wong  Lee  was  first  and  last  a  laun- 
dryman and  he  was  worried  lest  in  his 
absence  many  of  his  friends  should  be 
lacking    in    clean   shirts  and   underwears. 

And  recently,  as  he  toiled  slowly  once 
more  in  his  laundry,  news  came  to  Wong 
Lee  that  he  had  been  given  a  political 
plum  for  his  work  of  many  moons  ago. 
He  was  made  local  Justice  of  the  Peace 
by  appointment  of  Governor  James  M. 
Curley. 

Thus  Wong  Lee  again  made  history  a- 
mong-  his  race  in  this  country  for  being 
the  first  Chinese  to  receive  such  an  ap- 
pointment. 

•  • 

BANNER  YEAR  ENJOYED 
BY  CATHAYANS 

Chinatown's  smartly  groomed  orches- 
tra, the  Cathayans,  is  facing  the  new 
year  with  confidence  and  there  is  music 
in  the  air,  as  far  as  the  boys  are  con- 
cerned, says  Edward  Quon,  enterprizing 
business    manager   of    the    orchestra. 

Lat  year  the  orchestra  made  a  record 
for  itself  by  keeping  their  calendar  to 
the  bursting  point  with  engagements. 
They  would  have  had  an  even  more  im- 
pressive record  if  conflict  in  dates  did 
not  keep  them  from  accepting  all  the 
offers. 

According  to  Mr.  Quon  this  year  holds 
an  even  more  favorable  outlook.  With 
five  engagements  on  schedule  already  for 
the  first  month  and  a  half  of  the  year, 
the  quota  exceeds  that  of  1936.  He  gives 
the  patrons  for  the   last   year  as   follows: 

January:  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Dance: 
Graduation,  Japanese  Students;  Chitcm 
New  Year  Dance. 

February:    Wah    Ying    Award    Dance. 

March:  Chinese  "Y"  Sport   Dance. 

April:   Nan   Wah   Club  Dance. 

May:  Girls'  Reserve  Dance;  Waku 
Auxiliary   Dance;    Bakersfield   Girls  Club. 

June:  Mr.  Bowen's  Wedding;  Galileo 
High  Dance;  Oakland  Chinese  Center: 
Wobber's   Woodside   Celebrity. 

July:  Boys'  Club,  Watsonville;  Chinese 
"Y"  Anniversary;  Pre-Dental  Conven- 
tion Rally  at  St.  Francis  Hotel:  National 
Dental    Convention    Day    in    Chinatown 

August:   965   Club   Dance. 

September:  Cathay  Dance  of  Dances; 
Chitena  Dance;  Chinese  Sportsmen  Club. 

October:  Dr.  D.  K.  Chang's  Reception; 
Commerce  High  School;  Mission  High 
School. 

November:  Lowell  High  School;  S.  F. 
Junior  College;  U.  C  School  of  Pharma- 
cy; "Y"  Barn  Dance;  Girls'  High  School. 

December:  Galileo  High  School:  Fran- 
cisco  Junior   High. 


February,   1937 


CHINESE     DICEST 


Page  11 


CHINATOWNIA 


Over  600  Theses  and  Dis- 
sertations by  Chinese  Stu- 
dents in  U.  S.  in  5  Years 

New  York,  N.  Y. —  During  the  acad- 
emic years  1931-1936  there  were  619 
theses  and  dissertations  written  by  Chi- 
nese students  in  the  colleges  and  univer- 
sities in  America,  according  to  a  recent 
bibliography  published  by  the  China  In- 
stitute in  America,  New  York  City.  This 
bibliography  is  the  fourth  of  a  series  en- 
titled Theses  and  Dissertations  by  Master 
Students    in   America. 

Of  the  619  papers  396  are  masters' 
theses  and  223  are  doctoral  dissertations, 
the  bibliography  showed.  They  are  clas- 
sified into  4  main  divisions:  3  3  are  these 
and  dissertations  in  the  humanities;  3  30 
are  in  the  social  sciences;  51  are  in  the 
bological  sciences,  and  175  are  in  the 
physical  sciences. 


Lily-Foot  to  Ledgers 

By   Florence  W.   McGehee 

(In  the  Woodland  Daily  Democrat  recently) 
We  dined  with  Dolly  Gee  recently. 
What?  Well,  maybe  you  DON'T  know 
her  but  we  should  say — oh,  definitely — 
that  that  is  your  hard  luck,  particularly 
if  you  like  to  collect  interesting  people. 
Miss  Gee  is  Chinese  and  manager  of 
the  Chinatown  branch,  Bank  of  America, 
in  San  Francisco.  She  has  held  this  po- 
sition since  the  days  when  it  was  called 
"the  old  French  Bank"  and  if  you  think 
he  does  not  know  her  stuff,  excuse  our 
smirk.      The   gal    is    something  of   a  fem- 

Between  1902  and  1931  Chinese  stu- 
dents of  higher  learning  in  America  wrote 
a  total  of  1,162  theses  and  dissertations, 
according  to  the  information  of  the  Chi- 
na   Institute. 


inist  and  has  about  her  only  women  as 
helpers — all  'of  her  own  nationality,  of 
course,  and  she  is  to  them  "the  little 
corporal."  Nope;  she's  not  a  gray-haired 
harridan.  She's  a  young  thing  in  her 
early  thirties,  ultra-smart  in  manner  and 
the  details  of  dress  and  knowingness.  If 
Asia  should  ever  produce  a  Faith  Bald- 
win, Dolly  would  get  on  page  one  as 
the  spirit  of  the  feminine  in  business. 
"...  And,  excuse  our  glove,  but  we 
think  Dolly  Gee  should  be  put  down  a- 
long  with  the  Cliff  House,  the  Coit  Mem- 
orial, the  Palace  of  the  Legion  of  Hon- 
or and  the  view  from  Twin  Peaks  on 
those  gay  "See  San  Francisco"  pamphlets. 
•  • 

Fresno,  Calif. —  The  Lok  Kwan  girls' 
club  will  give  a  benefit  Chinese  language 
play  on  Chinese  New  Year's  Eve,  Feb. 
11,  the  proceeds  to  be  turned  over  to  the 
community    Chinese    school. 


It's  Not  Too  Late  to  Save  at 

FLORSHEIM      SHOPS 


FLORSHEIM  SHOES! 


7— 

^m    SOME 
^*     STYLES 


$8 


65 


This  sale  can't  last  for- 
ever .  .  .  but  while  it 
does  last  every  size  and 
every  style's  included. 
Nothing  held  back  .  .  . 
no  special  sale  mer- 
chandise   thrown    in. 

756  MARKET  ST. 
NEAR  GRANT 


680  MARKET  ST. 
NEAR  KEARNY 


120  POWELL  ST. 
NEAROFARRELL 


Page  12 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


February,    1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

WITH  R.  R. 

S.  F.  experienced  its  coldest  January 
on  record  .  .  .  and  into  this  polar  wea- 
ther came  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  Chan 
(Irene  Wong),  newly  weds  of  Vancou- 
ver, to  spend  their  honeymoon  .  .  .  and 
exclaimed:  "It's  so  nice  and  warm  here" 
.  .  .  Members  of  the  S.  F.  Chinese  Tennis 
Club  (Chitena)  are  getting  all  pepped 
up  for  their  annual  Chinese  New  Year's 
Eve  Dance  .  .  .  and  dance  chairman  and 
chief  pepper-upper  is  H.  K.  Wong  .  .  . 
Lily  Sui  of  Suisin  will  leave  for  China 
upon  settlement  of  the  maritime  strike 
.  .  The  Hanford  C.  S.  C.  wll  play  the 
Bakersfield  Cathayans  basketball  team  on 
Feb.  5th  at  Hanford.  Ernest  Wing  and 
Henry  Leong  are  in  charge  of  the  dance 
that  follows  .  .  .  Selected  on  the  basis 
of  leadership,  scholarship  and  charac- 
ter, Hong  Kwun  Wong,  U.  of  Hawaii 
senior  was  the  only  Chinese  among  4 
girls  to  be  recently  elected  to  the  Hui 
Pookelas,  women's  honorary  society  .  .  . 
Kam  See  Pang  of  Honolulu  toots  the 
trombone  in  the  U.  of  Wisconsin  band 
.  .  .  Lillian  Yuen  is  in  charge  of  all  girls' 
recreational  activities  at  the  Chinese  Ca- 
tholic Center  .  .  .  CONGRAT-ORCHIDS 
to  Hattie  Chun  of  Sacramento  and  Ed- 
ward Owyang  of  Locke,  Helen  Yee  and 
David  Low  of  Monterey,  George  Young 
and  Maye  Chung  of  Salinas,  Ruth  Fong 
of  Sacramento  and  Vincent  Chinn  of 
San  Francisco.  Also  to  Lani  Park  of  Sac- 
ramento .  .  .  These  lucky  young  people 
have  announced  their  intentions  to  wed 
in  the  very  near  future.  Lots  of  luck! 
...  A  word  about  our  capable  Sacramen- 
to correspondent,  who  is  resigning  with 
utmost  regrets  but  for  the  best  of  reason, 
as  shown  in  this  last  news  item  she  turn- 
ed in:  "The  Cheng  Sen  Club  gave  a 
shower  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Anna  Loo 
Jan  recently  for  Miss  Ruth  Fong,  who 
will  be  the  bride  of  Mr.  Vincent  Chinn 
soon." — A  quiet  wedding  was  held  in  Sac- 
ramento on  January  22 —  .  .  .  With  Paul 
Yuke  in  charge,  the  Chinese  Student 
Ass'n  and  the  20-30  Club  of  Sacramento 
each  gave  a  very  successful  skating  party 
.  .  .  Kong  Fong,  Francis  Jong,  Edmund 
Yee  and  Stanley  Jong,  graduating  sen- 
iors of  the  Sacramento  Hi,  were  recently 
honored  by  the  Chinese  Student  Club 
with  a  party  .  .  .  David  Wing  returned 
to  Cal  after  a  brief  vacation  .  .  .  John 
Kan  of  Fong  Fong  Bakery  went  to  Cal 
Aggie  at  Davis  for  a  week's  advanced 
study  of  ice  cream  manufacturing  .  .  . 
Lina  Jang  spent  her  holidays  with  the 
family   at  Courtland  .   .   .   Georgi   Hee  of 


Fowler  is  a  recent  visitor  to  Bakersfield 
.  .  .  where  Mabel  Mew  is  still  at  the  $ 
store  there  .  .  .  Most  of  you  have  viewed 
Shirley  Temple's  latest  "wah"  entitled 
"Stowaway"  .  .  .  many  have  written  in 
for  the  name  of  the  Chinese  tap  dancer 
seen  in  the  amateur  contest  scene  .  .  .  the 
beauty  is  17  year  old  Dora  Young,  sister 
of  L.  A.'s  popular  Frank  Young's  dance 
orchestra  .  .  .  She  sings  in  the  orchestra, 
too  .  .  .  The  capable  master  of  ceremony 
in  the  same  scene  was  Honorable  Wu, 
while  the  would-be  Bing  Crosby  was  Sam- 
my Tong.  Don't  be  fooled  by  the  picture, 
tho,  Sammy  has  a  pleasing  voice  and  can 
really  warble  .  .  .  Allen  Chan,  on  the 
L.  A.  Chinese  football  team,  weighs  only 
110,  but  he  made  the  Class  C  Division 
all-star  guard  in  L.  A.  while  in  Hi  school 
...  A  midget  Cotton  Warburton  .  .  . 
Dave  Louie,  Roland  Got  and  Paul  King 
of  L  A.  tobogganed  up  Mt.  Baldy  the 
other  week,  hiking  5  miles  up  and  back. 
Such  gluttons  for  punishment!  .  .  .  Nui 
Bo  Tang,  of  Phoenix,  Arizona,  was  seen 
in  L.  A.  recently  .  .  .  Kim  Hong  Soong, 
secretary  of  the  Chinese  Six  Companies 
of  Stockton,  was  so  alarmed  at  the  re- 
cent kidnapping  of  Chiang  Kai-shek  that 
he  made  a  phone  call  to  CHINA  for  the 
latest  report  .  .  .  Tho  little  Eslun  Chin 
of  Stockton  has  taken  dancing  lessons 
for  only  2  months,  she  is  quite  a  tap 
dancer  already  .  .  .  Jimmy  Chew  of  San 
Mateo  is  taking  flying  lessons  at  the  S. 
F.  Airport  .  .  .  May  and  Nellie  Sum  of 
San  Carlos  are  at  the  San  Mateo  J.  C., 
where  Frances  Jung  is  quite  a  tennis  star 
.  .  .  Clara  W.  was  learning  how  to  drive 
one  day.  Said  she:  "This  mirror  over 
the  windshield  is  no  good.  I  can't  seen 
a  thing  in  it  but  the  car  behind."  My 
goodness,  Clara,  what  did  you  expect  to 
see?  .  .  .  Sarra  Sam  and  Mrs.  B.  Y.  Lew 
are  directors  of  the  Fay  Wah  Club's  show 
.  .  .  Fresno's  Lok  Kwan  club  benefit  play 
is  directed  by  Sam  Mar  with  Mrs.  Allen 
Mar  and  Mrs.  Emily  Chinn  as  assistants 
.  .  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Richard  Lee 
(nee  Eva  Wong),  announced  the  birth 
of  a  boy  Friday,  January  15  .  .  .  The 
future  architect's  name  L  Melvin — Con- 
grats,   Jimmie! 


ON    THE    CALENDAR 


January  30,  Saturday.  College  Infor- 
mal—  S.  F.  J.  C.  Chinese  at  St.  Francis 
Hotel.   Admission   charged. 

February  10,  Wednesday.  Chinese  New 
Year's  Eve  Dance —  S.  F.  Chinese  Ten- 
nis Club  at  N.  S.  G.  S.  Hall.  Admission 
charged. 

February  11,  Thursday.  Benefit  Play — 
Lok  Kwan  girls'  club  at  Chinese  Com- 
munity  Center,    Fresno.  Admission   chgd. 

February  12,  Friday.  Benefit  Show  and 
Dance —  Fay  Wah  Club  at  Woodman's 
Hall,  Fresno.  Music  by  Cathayans.  Ad- 
mission   charged. 

February  13,  Saturday.  Dance —  Oak- 
land Waku  Auxiliary  at  Trianon  Ball- 
room, S.  F.  Music  by  Cathayans.  Ad- 
mission  charged. 

February  14,  Sunday.  Scout  Program 
— National  Scout  Sunday  Service  by  Boy 
Scout  Troops  3-11-34  and  45  of  Oak- 
land, at  Chinese  M.  E.  Church,  Washing- 
ton and  Stockton   Streets.   Public  invited. 

February    20,   Saturday.   Award   Dance 
— Wah  Ying  Club  at  Native  Sons  Audi- 
torium, Mason  Street.   Music  by  Cathay- 
ans. Admission  charged. 
•  • 

REDUCED   FARE  TO  FRESNO 
DANCE 

San  Francisco,  Calif. —  The  Cathay- 
an  Orchestra  of  this  city  will  furnish  the 
music  for  the  coming  Fay  Wah  Club 
dance  in  Fresno,  Edward  Quon,  orchestra 
manager,  has  announced.  He  also  re- 
vealed that  persons  wishing  to  go  to 
Fresno  for  the  affair  can  do  so  at  a 
special  round-trip  train  fare  of  #4.30 
provided  they  go  with  the  orchestra  on 
Friday  morning,  February  11.  For  fur- 
ther information  get  in  touch  with  Mr. 
Quon. 

Sincere  Wishes 

for  a  most  happy 

CHINESE    NEW    YEAR 

CHINATOWN     KNIGHTS 
ORCHESTRA 


February,  1937 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


Page  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


Legend  of  the  Sacred  Lily 
of  China 

The  sacred  lily  is  a  conspicuous  fea- 
ture in  the  celebration  of  the  Chinese 
New  Year,  the  time  of  universal  peace 
and  goodwill  in  the  Flowery  Kingdom. 
This  beautiful  flower  prosper  only  in 
the  land  of  a  noble  Fukien  family,  and 
it  has  been  growing  there  for  the  last 
five  hundred  years. 

Now  the  place  where  these  delicate 
lilies  grow  is  a  very  stony  ground  which 
spreads  out  below  the  mouth  of  a  deep 
canyon.  The  bulbs  are  gathered  after 
the  September  rain,  and  some  are  shipped 
to  great  distances  in  a  plastic  mud  cas- 
ing. When  it  is  desired  to  grow  the 
flower  this  casing  is  broken  and  the  bulbs 
are  placed  in  shallow  water.  In  a  few 
weeks   they    become    a    mass    of   beautiful 

snowy  white  lilies  with  hearts  of  gold. 
The  Chinese  have  made  it  the  sacred 
flower  of  their  country  because  of  its 
great  beauty,  its  subtle  fragrance,  and 
its  divine  origin,  for  the  flower  is  regard- 
ed as  a  gift  of  the  Gods. 

The  story  is  told  that  five  hundred 
years  ago  Cum  T'i  Fong  and  his  younger 
brother  Cum  Ying  Fong  were  saddened 
by  the  passing  of  their  widowed  mother. 
They  were  to  divide  the  family's  planta- 
tion by  lots,  but  in  doing  so,  the  older 
boy  secured  the  productive  half  by  trick- 
ery, leaving  the  younger  one  with  a 
worthless  portion. 

Cum  Ying  was  aware  of  this  trickery, 
but  forgave  his  brother  and  took  his  loss 
good  naturedly.  He  even  hired  himself 
out,  and  from  his  meager  earnings  sup- 
ported his  family,  end  even  managed  to 
help  the  poor.  But  soon  misfortune  over- 
took him,  and  the  family  was  on  the 
verge  of  starvation.  He  wandered  out 
to  his  barren  land  and  there  found  some 
mysterious  bulbs  which  made  its  appear- 
ance for  the  first  time  in  the  land.  These 
he  gathered  home  with  the  intention  of 
cooking  them  for  food.  His  wife  in- 
formed him:  "While  you  were  gone, 
some  neighbors  whom  you  have  once 
helped  have  brought  us  some  grain."  So 
he  planted  the  bulbs  to  see  what  kind  of 
plants    they   were. 

A  month  afterwards  the  lilies  were 
blooming,  and  the  family  was  awed  by 
the  great  beauty  of  the  blossom.  Then 
tots  came  running  in  from  all  directions 
and  said,  "This  is  a  sacred  flower.  The 
God  is  very  grateful  for  your  good  deeds, 


and  has  given  you  everlasting  happiness". 
It  seemed  that  an  angel  made  them  say 
so.  People  came  from  many  lis  around 
to  see  the  blossoms,  and  many  bought 
some  to  celebrate  the  new  year.  So  after 
several  years  it  went  all  through  China, 
and   Ying  Fong   prospered. 

Yng  Fong's  good  conduct  was  conta- 
gious and  soon  all  the  surrounding  coun- 
try became  like  him,  and  the  jails  were 
empty  all  the  time.  His  children  and  his 
children's  children  were  all  prosperous, 
and  from  this  family  came  high  judges 
and  wise  men.  Thus  the  goodness  of 
one  man  brought  him  and  his  descend- 
ants untold  happiness.  (Digest  of  a 
story,  as  told  to  Helen  O'Brien  by  Elder 
T.  Foo  Yuen.) 

•  • 

CHINESE  WELL  DRESSED,  REPORT 

Conscious  of  the  need  of  the  modern 
Chinese  young  men,  Roos  Bros,  has  or- 
dered a  large  supply  of  distinctive  suits 
of  the  latest  style  which  will  fit  the  sturdy 
physique    of   the    Chinese. 

Mr.  Henry  Tom  has  made  a  survey  of 
the  needs  of  the  progressive  Chinese  here 
and  reported  that  Chinese  taste  runs  to 
sober  color  and  latest  cuts.  The  Chinese 
young  men  and  business  men  have  re- 
sponded enthusiastically,  as  shown  by  the 
heavy  sales.      ■ — Ad. 


The  above  sketch  is  a  Chinese  artist's 
conception  of  the  theme  of  the  coming 
annual  Parila  artists'  ball  to  be  held  in 
San  Francisco,  in  which  members  of  the 
Chinese  Art  Association  will  participate. 
The  Parila  will  take  as  its  imaginary 
locale  that  of  "Barbaric  Oceania."  The 
sketch    is    by   Stella   Wong,    of    Oakland. 


THE     CATHAYANS     ORCHESTRA 

750    Grant    Avenue 

San     Francisco,     California 

January     25,     1937 
Subject:  Greetings  and  Thanks  to  our  Patrons  and  Friends. 

Dear  Friends: 

The  year  of  1936  was  made  memorable  and  delightful 
because  of  your  esteemed  patronage  and  help,  and  this  has 
inspired  us  always  to  present  the  best  in  music. 

We  regret  that  previous  bookings  prevented  us  from 
serving  other  distinguished  organizations  whose  need  we  hope 
we  shall  be  able  to  fulfil  in  the  future. 

We  wish  to  express  our  sincerest  appreciation  for  your 
patronage  and  cooperation  and  to  wish  you  a  very  happy 
Chinese  New  Year. 

Very  sincerely  yours, 

THE  CATHAYANS  ORCHESTRA 

By:    Edward  W.  Quon, 
Business-manager 


Page   14 


CHINESE      DIGEST 

C   H    I    N   A  T   O 


February,    1937 


N    I   A 


SAGA  OF  A  BOY  PHOTOGRAPHER 

By  Chingwah   Lee 

"Initiative  is  rare  among  human  be- 
ings— rarer  still  is  forethought.  This  I 
learnt  when  I  was  a  member  of  the  Lion's 
Club  at  the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A."  Mo- 
desty prevents  Eddie  Jung,  just  stepping 
out  of  his  teens,  from  stating  that  he 
was  of  the  Club   and   that  while 

there  he  had  done  a  lot  in  the  way  of 
boys  work.  The  sagely  remark  was  made 
in  answer  to  a  question  placed  before 
him  as  to  what  is  the  secret  of  his  suc- 
cess in  getting  a  job  as  a  photographer 
for  Uncle  Sam. 

"A  year  ago  I  read  of  a  competitive 
examination  to  be  held  for  a  government 


Mr.    Eddie  Jung 

photographer,  to  take  shots  of  govern- 
ment projects  in  Alaska.  I  lost  no  time 
in  getting  my  camera  and  equipment  to- 
gether and  checking  to  see  if  I  had  all 
the  necessary  equipment",  he  said  simply. 

"And  then  you  were  all  set  for  the 
examination?",    I  asked. 

"Far  from  it.  T  went  over  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  •  California  and  made  myself 
a  pest  among  the  profs.  I  said  I  must 
know  all  about  the  practical  formulas  for 
arctic  work.  I  wanted  to  learn  all  I  could 
about  northern  lighting  conditions,  anti- 
freeze mixture,  snow  filters,  etc.,  got  a 
handful  of    literature    ..." 

"And  then  you  memorized  all  of  them, 
no  doubt." 

"Not  exactly.  I  digested  the  whole 
thing  and  then  did  a  little  experiment- 
ing to  see  which  solution  was  the  best.  I 
even  put  plates  and  chemicals  in  my  mo- 


ther's ice  box  overnight  to  test  the  for- 
mulas. I  am  sorry  to  say  that  my  family 
didn't  enjoy  their  breakfast  the  next  day. 
They  were  sure  I  mixed  developing  so- 
lution   into    their   butter   and  cream." 

"And   then    you   were    all    set." 

"All  set  to  study  the  geography  and 
people  of  Alaska.  You  see,  I  had  to 
leave  high  school  before  graduation,  be- 
ing the  oldest  son  of  a  large  family.  So 
I  went  to  the  library  to  absorb  all  I  could, 
but   it  was    lots   of   fun   anyway." 

It  was  the  day  of  the  examination,  and 
our  Eddie  approached  the  Federal  Build- 
ing not  without  a  little  misgiving.  He 
was  the  youngest,  the  shortest  and  the 
most  out  of  place  photographer  among 
a  group  of  over  two  hundred.  All  eyes 
were  on  him,  and  not  a  few  asked  if  he 
owned  a  Brownie  or  if  he  wasn't  afraid 
the  truant  officers  would  find  him.  A  few 
were  ndly  and    even  steeled    him 

agai  ;at  too  seriously  in  ad- 

vance, the  sneers  that  help  me  the 

most.      It's  just  what  I  needed  to   remove 
that   funny    fe?!ing   inside  my  belt.      The 
were    just   as    I   anticipated. 
T  t  ens  on   arctic  photogra- 

ph in  -  i!  and  questions  on  arctic 
phc  y    in    particular.      There    were 

on    the    flora    and     fauna     of 
Alaska  '■ 

"And  did  you  pass?"  I  asked  excitedly, 
fo-  -  :  he  had  just  returned  after 

a  year   of   successful  work. 

"It  was  just  plain  luck.  If  the  rest 
of  the  two  hundred  were  equally  well  pre- 
pared I  would  not  have  a  chance.  By 
the  grace  of  God  and  my  mother's  ice 
box  I  got  the  appointment."  Eddie  did 
not   mention   that  he    headed   the   list. 

"What  is  Alaska  like.  Is  it  so  cold 
that  when  you  throw  a  cup  of  water  on 
the  ground  it  becomes  icicles  before  it 
reached   the  earth?" 

"Not  at  all.  Parts  of  Alaska  is  actually 
hot  during  the  summer.      Then   the  fields 


RALPH    And    SONS 

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Quotations  gladly  mailed 

upon  request 

Laundry   shirt   boards 
Chop  Suey  Pails 


Tobacco 
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Candies 
Chewing  Cum 
Wrapping   paper 


Toilet  Paper 

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Matches 


765  Jackson  St.  Phone  CHina  0092 
San     Francisco 


are  luxuriant  with  giant-sized  flowers, 
huge  vegetables,  and  overgrown  mos- 
quitos. 

"But  in  the  winter  it  is  very  cold. 
That's  when  we  do  quite  a  bit  of  hunt- 
ing. But  we  have  to  guard  against  in- 
sufficient   clothing    and    being    lost." 

"And  the  Eskimos,  are  they  cannibals 
— do    they   chase    you    up    totem    poles?" 

"The  natives  are  just  like  Orientals 
when  they  are  young.  As  they  grow 
older  they  become  quite  different,  their 
face  appear  flat  and  their  head  is  rather 
hideous.  As  a  group  they  are  suspicious 
of  the  Chinese;  we  are  a  little  too  smart 
to  suit  them.  They  consult  their  Russian 
priests  on  everything.  But  a  few  do  learn 
to  become   very   friendly." 

"What  is  a  salmon   cannery  like?" 

"Each  cannery  generally  has  a  Chinese 
foreman,  about  a  score  of  Chinese  work- 
ers and  twice  that  many  Filipinos.  Then 
there  is  a  crew  of  Eskimos  who  do  all 
the  fishing.  It  is  very  dangerous  work, 
but  they  prefer  that  to  working  indoors. 
Maybe  one  or  two  Eskimos  will  serve  as 
machine  operators.  They  are  very  skil- 
ful, manually.  All  of  them  like  to  gam- 
ble. On  holidays  the  Chinese  parade 
with  a  handmade  Buddha  lion  and  about 
a  dozen  musical  instruments  fashioned 
from   tin   cans   and    driftwood." 

"Now  that  you  are  back  in  San  Fran- 
cisco,   what    are    you    doing?" 

"I  maintain  a  studio  for  portrait  and 
general  photography.  That's  my  busi- 
ness. But  as  a  hobby,  I  like  to  experi- 
ment with  lighting  and  the  use  of  various 
niters." 

"Ever  try  photographing  a  negro  in 
the    dark?"    I   made    a   parting   jibe. 

"No,  but  I  have  photographed  freaks 
with  an  ivory  filter  and  got  nothing; 
drop    into    my    studio    sometime." 


Our  home  office  pur- 
chased a  large  quan- 
tity of  used  type- 
writers which  en- 
ables us  to  make 
some  very  attractive 
offers.  Example:  Cor- 
ona Portable,  $14.  We  have  all  makes. 
New  portables,  also  all  makes.  Guaran- 
teed terms  as  low  as  $3.  Rentals,  3 
months  $5.00.  This  ad  good  for  $2  credit 
if    you    buy. 

AMERICAN     WRITING 

MACHINE    CO. 

Since  1880 
522  Market  St.  DOuglas  0648 


February,    1937 


CHINESE   DIGEST 


SPORTS 


Page  15 


Fred  George  Woo 


The  Chinese  Student's  tejm  of  the 
University  of  Washington,  consisting  of 
Raymond  Wong,  T.  Sing,  Henry  Luk-2, 
Bob  Wong,  Art  Louie,  Edwin  Luke  and 
Vincent  Goon,  scored  a  double  victory 
in  Portland,  one  against  the  Wah.  Kiang 
Club  29-21  and  one  against  the  Eagles, 
29  to  14.  In  both  contests  the  Seattle 
team  was  spaced  by  Bob  Wong,  former 
Portland  star.  Wong  registered  10 
points    average    in    two    games. 

Following  the  Chinese  Students  the 
Waku  Club  of  Seattle  invaded  Portland 
with  their  first  and  second  teams.  In 
the  preliminary  game,  the  Waku  seconds 
bested  the  Portlanders  21-14,  while  the 
feature  fray  was  captured  by  the  Wah 
Kiang  hoopsters  by  a  36-27  score. 

PLAYGROUND  ELEVEN    WINS 

A  30-yard  pass  from  Captain  Bo  On 
to  Ed  Louie,  who  then  ran  20  yards  to  a 
score,  enabled  the  Chinese  Playground 
football  team  to  defeat  Galles  Club's  ele- 
ven, on  January  10  by  a  6-0  score.  The 
winning  team  is  coached  by  Fred  Mah 
and  the  Galles  Club  by  the  Leong  bro- 
thers. 

Brilliant  tackling  by  Frankie  Low,  fine 
line  work  by  George  Jang  and  Ming 
Chew,  and  the  Playground's  intricate  off- 
ense deceiving  its  heavier  opponents  were 
the  features  of  the  game.  For  the  losers, 
George  Nam,  Winston  Wong  and  Din- 
gee    Leong   stood    out. 

The  Chinese  Playground  gridders  have 
for  their  next  opponents  the  Scouts  and 
a   Japanese  team. 


In  a  rerent  series  of  basketball  games 
played  in  Portland,  Oregon,  the  local 
boys  and  girls  teams  lost  a  majority  of 
the   tilts  to   their    old   rivals    from  Seattle. 

In  one  of  the  most  exciting  games  ever 
played  on  he  Y.  W.  C.  A.  court,  the  Girl 
Reserves  lost  a  heartbreaking  match  to 
their  sister  team  from  Seattle  16  to  10. 
Trailing  10  to  4  at  the  half,  the  Portland 
team,  led  by  the  one-arm  shooting  of 
Jessie  Lee  tied  the  score  at  the  beginning 
of  the  third  quarter  only  to  lose  in  the 
final  three  minutes  of  play  when  Ruby 
Mar  scored  three  fast  baskets  to  cinch 
the   first  of  the  home  and  home  series. 

Member  of  the  Seattle  team  included: 
Ruby  Mar,  Delia  Eng,  Helen  Wong,  Rose 
Louie,  Mary  Mar  and.  Ella  Sue.  The 
Portland  lineup  consisted  of:  Madeline 
and  Maxine  Chin,  Jessie  and  Nellie  Lee, 
Irene  Chin,  Maxine  Chew,  Ada  Lee, 
Dorothy  and   Isabelle  Lee   Hong. 


Election  of  officers  for  1937  was  re- 
cently held  by  the  Chinese  Sportsmen 
Club  of  San  Francisco.  Officers  for  this 
year  are:  F.  B.  Lowe,  president;  Fred 
Jow,  vice-president;  Clarence  B.  Chan, 
secretary;  Maurice  Choye,  treasurer; 
Yummie  Lee,  sergeant-at-arms;  and  Dr. 
D.  K.  Chang,  Thomas  Moran,  Oliver 
Chang   and    Frank    Chan,    directors. 


Closing  1 936  with  a  most 
successful  basketball  sea- 
son, the  Los  Angeles  Lowa 
Club  team  shown  here  have 
every  reason  to  point  to- 
wards new  laurels  with  this 
group  of  veterans. 

They  won  the  title  of  Southern 
California  Oriental  Champion  last 
)ear.  They  are,  left  to  right,  back 
row:  Taft  Cheung,  manager,  George 
Lee  .George  Tong,  Don  Quan,  Doc 
Wong,  and  co-manager  Tommy  Lee. 
Front  row:  Victor  Wong,  George 
Wong,     Ben    Ho,     and    Frank     Don. 

*  • 

FAY  WAH  CLUB 

Fresno's  Fay  Wah  Club  basketball 
team,  playing  in  one  of  the  city  cage 
leagues,  has  been  enjoying  a  comfortable 
lead  over  their  opponents.  Since  the 
beginning  of  the  season,  it  has  lost  one 
game  out  of  ten  starts. 

Members  of  the  squad  are  Hiram 
Ching,  Toy  Wong,  George  Wong,  Ches- 
ter Lew,  Irwin  Chow,  Rex  Gee,  Floyd 
Sam,  James  Huie,  George  Leong  and 
Guy  Lai.  Negotiations  are  under  way 
to  bring  the  Bakersfield  Cathayans  five 
to  play  on  the  night  of  the  dance  on 
February    12. 


ALFRED  B. 

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CHINESE       D'.OEST 


February,    1937 


SPORTS 


SPORTSHORTS 

Wah   Ying   Club's  second  annual  Bay 
Region  basketball   championships  tourna- 
ment swung  into  the  final  week  of  action 
Sunday  evening,  Jan.  24,  at  the  Burke's 
Gym,  2350   Geary  St.,  with  three   games 
played.        The      Chinese     "Y"     met     the 
Shangtai  five  and  Troop  Three   took  on 
Nan  Wah   in   crucial  games  while   Nulite 
and  St.  Mary's  also  tangled  .  .  .  The  Chi- 
nese   "Y"    unlimiteds    quintet    was    nosed 
out    of    the    Y.    M.    D.    Decathlon    cage 
title  by  the  Central  branch  by  a  score  of 
23-22  at  the  Japanese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  court 
Believe  it   or  not,  the  Willits  Town 
Team    defeated    the    Chinese    "Y"    team 
recently    at    its   home    court    by   the   tally 
of  77-73!      The   fans,  jamming  the  audi- 
torium   to   its   capacity,   rooted   hard   for 
the  Chinese,  heavy  underdogs,  and  booed 
the  referee   for  turning  in  a  home-town 
decision.      Bing  Chin    led   in   scoring    by 
counting  up  27  points,  while  little  Frank 
Wong  tanked  25  digits    .  .  The  unlimited 
casabamen   of  the  Young  Chinese  A.   C. 
of    Oakland    divided    two    recent    games 
with    San    Francisco    Chinese    fives.      At 
the    Salvation    Army    Court,    San    Fran- 
cisco, the  East  Bay  boys  dropped  a  39-38 
decision  to  the  Troop  Three  Scouts,  while 
at  Oakland,  they   handed  the   St.   Mary's 
quintet  a  39-34  beating  ...  At  the  three- 
day   bird  dog  events  of  the  Central  Cali- 
fornia Field  Trial  Association  at  Fresno, 
the  bird  committee  was  headed  by  a  Chi- 
nese, Raymond  Wong,  of  Fresno  .  .  .  The 
St.   Mary's  midget  boxers   are    just   about 
the  bay  region's  most  popular  ring  cards. 
David   Dong  and   Joseph   Yew,    slugging 
and    mauling    forty-five    pounders,    have 
been    taking    part    in    many    exhibitions. 
According  to  Coach  Sammy  Lee,  another 
promising    leather    pusher,    Paul    Oka,    a 
welter,  has  been  added  to  the  club  roll  .  .  . 
In  view   of   the   fact   that    no    official  all- 
stars  teams  will  be  named  by  the  sponsor 
of   the    Bay    Region    Basketball   Tourney, 
Wah     Ying     Club,     the     Chinese    Digest 
sports  department  will   publish   two  selec- 
tions,  a  first  and  a  second  string,  in  our 
March     issue.       Names    of     the     league's 
highest  scorers  will  also  be  published  .  .  . 
Earl  Quong    is   captain   of   the  unlimited 
basketball    team    of   Placer  Union    High, 
at  Auburn,  California  .   .  .  Within  a  few 
short   weeks,   tennis  will  be  holding   sway 
again  as  king  of  sports,  and  baseball  and 
Softball  enthusiasts  will  be  cleaning  their 
gloves   and  bats   for   a  busy    season    .    .   . 
Four    Chinese    boxers   of    the   St.    Mary's 
A.  C,  coached  by  Sammy  Lee,  have  been 
entered    in  the    P.    A.    A.    Junior  Boxing 


WHAT   ABOUT   IT? 

We  read  the  January  8  issue  of  the 
Willits  News,  a  weekly  publication, 
contaning  ah  account  of  the  Willits 
Lions-Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  basketball 
game.  We  just  about  blew  up  (and 
so  would  you  protest  vigoriously,  if 
you  had  read  it)  when  the  Chinese 
players  were  referred  to  as  "Chinks". 

We  did  not  know  there  could  be 
such  an  ignorant  editor  in  America 
as  the  man  who  edits  the  Willits 
"slander-sheet".  For  an  editor  to  let 
this  get  into  public  print  constitutes 
a  disgrace  to  the  journalistic  profes- 
sion. Moreover,  is  is  an  insult  to 
the  Chinese  race. 


Tournament,  to  be  held  on  Jan.  25,  Feb. 
1,  Feb.  8,  and  Feb.  15.  They  are  Paul 
Oka  Fred  Lowe,  Edwin  Bing  Dong  and 
Robert  Chin,  a  weet  little  105 -pound  bat- 
tler who  may  surprise  the  fight  fans  .  .  . 
Hearsay  that  the  Chinese  football  team 
of  San  Francisco  may  engage  in  a  Chi- 
nese New  Year's  battle  with  some  strong 
Japanese  aggregation  .  .  .  Both  Shangtai 
and  Nanwah,  playing  under  the  China 
Emporium,  are  entered  in  the  current 
Recreation  Basketball  League,  with  the 
latter  conceded  a  good  chance  to  romp 
away  with  the  Class  D  crown  .  .  .  Mon- 
terey's Chinese  quintet  downed  the  Salin- 
as Chinese  basketeers  recently,  34-27. 
Jack  Huey  and  Tommy  Gee  scored  nine 
points  each  for  Monterey,  with  Paul 
Mark  turning  in  a  fine  all-around  game. 
For  Salinas,  George  Young  and  Frank 
Chinn  starred  .  .  .  Led  by  Clarence  Ung, 
former  Los  Angeles  boy,  the  Salinas  five 
defeated  the  Japanese  Y.  M.  B.  A.  of 
Salinas,  36-26.  Ung  hit  the  hoop  for 
eleven  points  .  .  .  The  Misses  Fannie  and 
Annie  Fooey  of  Red  Bluff  were  in  San 
Francisco  during  the  recent  Examiner 
Golden  Gloves  tournament  to  see  their 
brother,  Sammy,  box.  Both  were  almost 
in  tears  when  he  lost  in  the  semi-finals 
...  By  defeating  David  Chung,  Ying 
Wong  became  the  champion  of  the  se- 
cond annual  Salinas  Union  High  School 
Ping  Pong  tournament.  Scores  were  21-9 
and  21-7.  Other  Chinese  who  partici- 
pated were  Stanley  Chung,  Waymond 
Jang  and  Gage  Wong,  Jr.  .  .  .  Henrietta 
Jung,  diminutive  Chinese  tennis  star,  has 
been  ranked  No.  9  in  singles  for  girls 
under  fifteen  years  of  age  for  Northern 
CalSornia  for  1936  .  .  .  John  Wong  and 
Albert  Sun  Lee  are  the  mainstays  for 
the  Galileo   High  School    130's   cagemen. 


CHINESE   WOMEN'S  CLUB   IN- 
STALLATION 

The  Portland  Chinese  Women's  Club 
held  an  installation  dinner  at  the  Hung 
Far  Low  on  January  10  when  the  follow- 
ing were  installed  by  the  past  president, 
Mrs.  Park  Chin:  president,  Mrs.  Margar- 
et Seito  Wong;  first  vice-president,  Dr. 
Goldie  H.  Chan;  second  vice-president, 
Mrs.  Lee  Hong;  Chinese  secretary,  Mrs. 
Park  Chin;  assistant,  Mrs.  Lee  Hong; 
English  secretary,  Mrs.  Stanley  Chin; 
assistant,  Mrs.  Lee  Fong;  treasurer,  Dr. 
Goldie  H.  Chan;  assistant,  Mrs.  Jennie 
Lew;  auditor,  Mrs.  Lee  Park  Lum;  hos- 
pitality and  sergeant-at-arms,  Mrs.  Lee 
Bing  Duck  and  Mrs.  Jue  Bow;  telephone, 
Mrs.  Lee  Loy  and  Mrs.  Lee  Jack;  repre- 
sentatives, Mrs.  Robert  Luck,  Mrs.  Lum 
Deen   and   Mrs.   Lee   Heen. 

•  • 

GREATER   SHANGHAI'S 
FOURTH  ANNUAL  MEET 

Organized  on  a  much  larger  scale  than 
ever  before,  the  fourth  annual  Athletic 
Meet,  promoted  by  the  Bureau  of  Edu- 
cation and  Bureau  of  Social  Affairs  of 
the  Municipal  Government  of  Shanghai 
was  held  recently  in  that  city,  requiring 
two  days  to   be  run  off. 

Fairly  large  crowds  attended  the  meet, 
contributing  materially  to  the  success  of 
it.  On  the  whole,  the  girls  showed  a 
remarkable  improvement,  especially  in 
the  Physical  Directors  category.  On  the 
other  hand,  however,  the  boys  gave  an 
exceedingly    poor    showing. 

By  winning  both  girls'  divisions  for 
College  Special  and  Physical  Training, 
The  Great  China  University  captured  the 
college  championship,  while  the  Tung 
Ya  Physical  Training  School  took  both 
physical    categories   for   boys  and   girls. 

The  boys'  senior  middle  school  title 
was  won  by  the  Shanghai  Middle  School 
and  the  girls'  championship  went  to  the 
Ming  Lih  Girls'  School.  In  the  junior 
middle  schools,  the  Woo  Pung  Girls' 
School  won  honors  for  girls,  and  Tsung 
Nan  Middle  School  won  for  the  boys. 
In  the  college  division,  the  Tse  Chi  took 
top  honors. 

A  new  record  in  baseball  throw  was 
the  brightest  spot  of  the  meet.  Miss 
Chen  Yung-Dong  bettered  the  former  re- 
cord, held  by  Miss  Pan  Ying-chu,  by 
1.08  metres.  Miss  Chen's  new  mark  is 
51.53  metres.  Another  performance 
worthy  of  mention  was  the  80  metres  low 
hurdles  for  girls,  won  by  Miss  Chiao  Yu- 
ling,  in  14.04  seconds,  a  fraction  of  a 
second  over  the  national  record,  which 
is    held    by    Miss    Chen    Han-su. 


February,   1937 


CHINESE    DICEST 


Page  17 


FAR     EAST 


(Continued  from  Page  3) 
try  now  for  the  central  government  and 
Communist  forces  to  join  hands  in  a 
united  front  against  Japan.  This  is  not 
possible  as  long  as  Chiang  Kai-shek  is 
in  power,  becaue  for  ten  long  years  he 
has  fought  them,  fought  against  their 
political  and  social  principles  as  well  as 
well  as  their  armies.  In  recent  years,  it 
is  true,  Chiang  has  compromised  with 
various  rebel  elements  for  the  good  of 
the  country,  but  he  believes  he  has  the 
situation  in  hand  now  in  such  a  manner 
that  compromise  with  the  Red  forces  for 
a  conflict  with  Japan — assuming  such  a 
conflict    is    inevitable — is   not    necessary. 

Aside  from  the  questionable  fact  of 
natonal  unity,  China  also  is  threatened 
internally  by  another  destructive  force 
which  is  undermining  the  vitality  of  the 
people.  This  evil  is  opium,  opium 
smuggled  from  foreign  countries  as  well 
as  opium  grown  within  the  country.  All 
over  the  nation  one  is  again  witnessing 
the  recurrence  of  a  tragic  situation  which 
once  before  had  reduced  China  to  almost 
spineless    helplessness. 

For  a  decade  China  has  talked  of 
opium  suppression,  and,  until  recently, 
it  was  just  talk.  China  has  attempted  to 
suppress  this  vice,  but  the  forces  against 
suppression  were  too  great.  Without  ef- 
fective political  control  of  all  the  prov- 
inces, the  central  government  could  not 
prevent  various  semi-independent  prov- 
incial tuchuns  from  growing  opium  in 
order  to  raise  revenue.  And  even  with 
control  of  the  provinces  achieved,  sup- 
pression was  still  almost  impossible  with 
smuggled  opium  coming  from  eastern 
and  western  countries.  Of  vessels  known 
to  be  smuggling  opium  into  Chinese 
ports  regularly,  45  per  cent  are  reported 
to  be  British,  30  per  cent  Chinese  and  18 
percent  Japanese.  What  hope  for  sup- 
pression when  the  sources  of  supply  are 
not   effectively    controlled? 

The  present  drastic  measures  adopted 
to  combat  the  effects  of  opium  represent 
a  last  resort,  since  more  peaceful  mea- 
sures have  failed.  Yet  even  execution 
of  addicts  who  have  failed  to  take  vol- 
untary cures  is  only  doing  away  the  effect 
or  this  evil.  International  cooperation 
is  needed  to  wipe  out  the  cause  of  the 
opium  scourge.  Once  before,  through 
international  agreement,  China  had  suc- 
cessfully combatted  this  vice,  and  there 
is  no  reason  why  it  cannot  be  done  again. 


Turning  to  China's  external  situation, 
it  can  be  noted  that  in  her  international 
relations  she  has  won  resurgence  of  con- 
fidence for  her  immediate  future  from 
Europe  and  America.  Since  the  Man- 
churian  incident  in  1931  international 
confidence  in  China  had  been  slowly  ebb- 
ng  and  did  not  rise  again  until  last 
summer,  when  the  southern  provinces 
were  abruptly  brought  under  the  control 
of  Nanking.  The  psycological  effect  was 
tremendous,  for  it  showed  the  West,  as 
nothing  else  could,  that  at  last  China's 
people  were  becoming  definitely  nation- 
alistic in  outlook.  This  outlook  is  the 
result  of  10  years  of  intensive  Kuomin- 
tang   propaganda. 

The  only  dark  and  ominously  uncer- 
tain factor  in  China's  external  situation 
is,  of  course,  her  present  relations  with 
Japan.  If  Japan  continues  pressing  her 
demands,  which  are  the  recognition  of 
her  special  rights  in  North  China,  coop- 
eration against  Chinese  Communists,  and 
consultation  regarding  China's  financial 
dealings  with  foreign  powers,  and  China 
continues  to  accept  and  make  counter 
demands  of  her  own  with  the  view  of 
resolving  "fundamental  adjustments"  in 
the  relations  between  the  two  countries, 
anything  may  happen.  In  Sino-Japanese 
relations  as  they  are  today,  to  make  pre- 
dictions  is    sheer    foolishness. 

But  one  thing  is  certain  where  China 
is  concerned:  she  cannot  back  down  on 
her  counter-demands  which  she  has  made 
known  to  Japan,  for  to  do  so  would 
certainly  mean  political  disaster  for  the 
central  government.  Never  in  China's 
modern  history  has  her  people  been  so 
united  in  nationalism  as  they  are  today. 
As  for  Japan,  her  relations  with  China 
in  the  immediate  future  depends  a  great 
deal  on  the  outcome  of  her  present  in- 
ternal political  dissentions.  The  world 
is  witnessing  a  life  and  death  struggle 
in  that  country  between  parliamentarism 
and  a  Japanese  form  of  Facism.  Which- 
ever side  wins  will  mean  a  great  deal  for 
the  future  of  Sino-Japanese  relations. 

*      y      * 

In  retrospect,  one  can  say  this  of  Chi- 
na's prospects  in  1937:  internally,  nom- 
inal unity  has  been  achieved,  but  she 
still  faces  three  major  menaces  in  the 
form  of  Japanese  aggression  in  the  North, 
the  Communists  in  the  interior,  and  the 
opium  menace  which  has  millions  in  its 
grip.  But  it  is  a  definitely  hopeful  sign 
that    the    central    government    is    coping 


with  all  three  problems  which  are  threat- 
ening national  reconstruction  and  pro- 
gress. 

Externally,  with  the  newly  won  con- 
fidence of  Western  nations  an  actuality, 
more  foreign  financial  aid  may  be  ex- 
pected to  spur  reconstruction  work  in  the 
country. 

Only  from  Japan  is  China  faced  with 
an  ever  probable  threat  to  her  existence 
as  a  nation.  But  China  learned  this 
bitter  lesson  in  1931:  if  she  wishes  to 
ward  off  external  aggression  she  cannot 
depend  on  any  other  nation  except  her- 
self. Since  she  has  this  knowledge  she 
is  preparing  for  eventualities,  so  that 
even  in  respect  to  the  strained  relations 
between  China  and  Japan,  the  former 
can  look  forward  to  the  immediate  fu- 
ture with  something  like  self  assurance. 
And  it  is  this  self  assurance  that  prompt- 
ed General  Chiang  Kai-shek,  on  the  oc- 
casion of  his  50th  birthday  last  October, 
to  make  this  remark  in  the  course  of  a 
public  speech:  "We  can  wholly  dismiss 
any  insinuation  that  some  exterior  Great 
Power  is  needed  to  help  China  maintain 
order  within  her  own  borders.  Forward, 
fellow  citizens,  to  revive  our  old  national 
traits  of  self-reliance,  of  self-government, 
temperance  and  self-consciousness.  Show 
the  world  that  the  Chinese  people  can 
do   great  things!" 


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Page  18 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


February,    1937 


CONSUL-GENERAL  GAVE  TALK 
TO  AMERICAN  SOCIETY 

San  Francisco,  Calif. —  Starting  the 
first  of  its  International  Dinners  for  this 
year,  the  Sequoia  Club  selected  China 
as  an  apropriate  subject.  The  speaker 
and  guest  of  honor  was  Consul-General 
C.  C.  Huang,  who  spoke  on  "Religious 
Freedom    in    China". 

•  • 

Chinatown  greeted  a  brand  new  dry 
cleaning  firm  when  the  Kwong-Kwong — 
2  similar  characters  meaning  bright, 
cleain,  sparkling — opened  for  business 
Jan.  29.  Located  at  664  Jackson  Street, 
in  the  heart  of  Chinatown's  "eating"  dis- 
trict, the  new  cleaning  establishment  is 
equipped  with  up-to-date  finishing  ma- 
chineries, according  to  Fred  Moy,  man- 
ager. A  30-day  price  reduction  is  an- 
nounced, commencing  with  the  date  of 
opening. 


Recent  books  on  China  and 
things  Chinese: 

Selling  Wilted  Peonies,  Bio- 
graphy 6C  Songs  of  Yu  Hsuan- 
chi.  By  Genevieve  Wimsatt.  120 
pp.,  illus.,  notes.  New  York:  Col- 
umbia University    Press.    $3.00. 

The  story  of  the  outstanding 
poetess  of  the  T'ang  Dynasty, 
translated  into  English  for  the 
first  time. 

Chinese   Shadow  Shows.       By 

Genevieve  Wimsatt.  Cambridge, 
Mass.:  Harvard  University  Press. 
$3.50. 

A  comprehensive  study  of  a 
Chinese  folk  art,  with  illustra- 
tions. 

Chinese  Influence  on  Euro- 
pean Garden  Structures.  By  Ele- 
anor von  Erdgerg.  Cambridge, 
Mass.:  Harvard  University  Press. 
$5.00. 

A  study  of  chinoiserie  in  18th 
century  gardens. 

Landlord  and  Peasant  in  China. 

By  Chen  Han-seng.  New  York: 
International.    $2.00. 

A  study  of  agrarian  crisis  in 
South  China. 

Shrines  of  a  Thousand  Bud- 
dhas.  By  Dr.  Giuseppe  Tucci  in 
collaboration  with  E.  Ghersi.  272 
pp.;  illus.;  map,  index.  New 
York:  Robert  M.  McBride  8C  Co. 
$3.00. 

Account  of  a  journey  into 
Tibet. 


MME.  CHIANG  KAI  SHEK  COMING 
TO  U.  S. 

South  Hadley,  Mass. —  In  preparation 
for  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  founding  of  the  institution,  the  head 
of  Mount  Holyoke  College  here  recently 
telegraphed  iMme.  Chiang  Kai-shek, 
(Soong  Mei-ling)  wife  of  China's  prem- 
ier, asking  her  to  attend  this  celebration. 
Recently  Mme.  Chiang  telegraphed  her 
acceptance. 

Mount  Holyoke  College's  100th  anni- 
versary will  be  celebrated  on  May  7  and 
8,    1937,   it  has   been  announced. 

Pardee  Lowe,  author  and  sociologist,  will 
speak  on  "Costly  Cultural  Treasure  from 
China,"  in  opening  the  World  Tomorrow 
Symposium  of  San  Francisco  State  Col- 
lege on  Monday  night,  Feb.  1,  at  7:30 
p.  m.  at  the  Frederic  Burk  auditorium  of 
the  college. 


Interesting  articles  in  recent 
publications : 

"Peiping's  Happy  New  Year,"  by 
George  Kin  Leung.  31  illustra- 
tions. National  Geographic  Maga- 
zine, December,  1936. 

"A  Peiping  Panorama  in  Vivid 
Pigments."  16  camera  paintings 
by  H.  C.  &  J.  H.  White.  In  same 
publication  as   above. 

"China's  Progress,"  By  T'ang 
Leang-li.  Current  History,  Janu- 
ary, 1937. 

"Japanning  China,"  by  Will- 
ard  Price.  Harpers,  January, 
1937. 

"Forgotten  Ancestors  of  the 
Chinese,"  by  John  B.  Shackford. 
Travel,  January,    1937. 

"Can  China  survive?"  by  Hu 
Shih.    Forum,  January,  1937. 

"Moy  Jin  Mun,  Liege  Lord  of 
Old  Chinatown,"  by  Idwal  Jones. 
Westways,  January,  1937.  (An 
account  of  Moy  Jin  Mun's  life 
based  on  the  short  biography 
which  originally  appeared  in  the 
CHINESE  DIGEST,  issue  of 
May    15,   1936). 

In  Asia  magazine  for  January. 
1937: 

1)  "Mixed  Marriage,"  by  Par- 
dee Lowe.     First   of  two   articles. 

2)  "Peasant  Embroideries  of 
China,"   by   Carl   Schuster. 

3)  "China  at  Bay,"  by  Nathan- 
iel   Peffer. 

4)  "Within  Chinese  Red  Ar- 
eas," by  Norman  Hanwell. 

"Jade,"  by  Herbert  P.  White. 
Natural  History,   January,    1937. 


Articles  and  Features  Scheduled 

for  Early  Publication  in  the 

CHINESE  DIGEST 

Mr.  Y.  T.  Wu,  editor  of  the 
Association  Press  of  Shanghai, 
who  is  now  in  the  United  States, 
will  give  some  firsthand  informa- 
tion on  the  trend  of  present-day 
journalism  in  China. 

Mr.  T  Y.  Ni,  formerly  associ- 
ate professor  of  philosophy  in  the 
University  of  Nanking,  will  write 
on  the  Story  of  Chinese  Philoso- 
phy. 

Historical    information    of    sci- 
be    revealed 
Ink  Culture. 


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Courteous   Expert  Drivers 
Low   Money- Saving   Fares 

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February,   1937 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page   19 


EDITORIAL      NOTES 


(Continued   from    Page    2) 

To  be  sure,  all  improvements  can  only  come  gradu- 
ally. All  changes  denote  extra  expenses  and  we  need 
■to  proced  slowly.  Readers  will  be  interested  to  know 
that  we  have  mapped  out  a  four  year  Growth  Plan, 
aiming  at  fulfilling  the  cultural  and  sociological  needs 
of  the   Chinese   in  America. 

"'How  can  we  contribute  to  this  growth?"  is  a  fre- 
quent question  asked  by  well  wishers  and  supporters 
of  the  Digest.  First  of  all  we  want  to  hear  from  our 
readers,  telling  us  what  they  want  to  read,  keeping  us 
informed  on  their  reactions,  and  supplying  us,  where- 
ever  possible,  with  leads  and  data  of  Chinese  life  in 
America.  Next,  we  want  more  subscriptions,  the  very 
life  blood  of  the  Digest.  And  finally,  readers  can  help 
immensely  by  telling  our  advertisers  that  you  appre- 
ciate  their   patronage.        — C.W.L. 

GOOD    WORK! 

News  came  from  Los  Angeles  recently  that  the  Rev. 
T.    T.    Taam,    pastor    of    the    Chinese    Congregational 


Church  there,  has  been  able,  at  long  last,  to  secure 
facilities  for  a  children's  playground  in  his  district.  The 
city  Board  of  Education  has  appropriated  three  thou- 
sand dollars  to  equip  the  Ninth  Street  School  with 
day   and  night  playground  facilities. 

For  the  many  children  who  will  frequent  this  play- 
ground it  is  planned  that  they  will  be  organized  into 
various  groups  and  that  play  and  group  work  will  be 
supervised  by  an   adequate  staff. 

Readers  of  the  Digest  will  recall  in  a  recent  article 
(The  Social  Survey,  By  Lim  P.  Lee,  issue  of  Nov.  20, 
1936)  that  the  Rev.  Taam  had  completed  a  survey  of 
the  Chinese  population  of  Los  Angeles  not  long  ago 
and  had  found  that  the  Chinese  children  in  that  city's 
two  Chinatowns  were  sadly  in  need  of  playgrounds. 
Because  of  this  lack  these  children  were  compelled  to 
play  in  the  streets  and  in  imminent  danger  from  traffic 
hazards  every  minute. 

Thus  in  securing  a  playground  at  this  time  the  first 
step  in  remedying  this  situation  has  been  taken.  It  is  to 
be  hoped  that  much  more  may  be  done  in  this  direction 
in  the  immediate  future.  — W.  H. 


OBSERVATIONS 

It  has  been  said  that  one  of  the 
proofs  that  a  paper  or  a  magazine 
has  intrinsic  merit  is  to  see  whether 
the  contributions  appearing  therein 
are  ever  quoted  or  mentioned  by 
other  publications.  In  this  respect 
the  Digest  can  claim  such  merit,  al- 
though we  are  only  in  our  fifteenth 
month  of  publication.  Not  only 
have  we  been  quoted  and  mentioned 
by  our  contemporaries,  but  our  fea- 
tures and  articles  have  also  been 
translated,  reprinted,  and  used  as 
sources   of  references. 

To  back  up  our  modest  boast  we 
present  the  following  record  for 
those  who  may  care  to  scan  it: 

The  Chinese  Invented  the  Mon- 
golian Arrow  Release,  the  Archer's 
Ring,  the  Triple  Arc  Composite 
Bow,  the  Balanced  Wrist  Guards, 
and  the  Repeating  Cross  Bow.  Being 
Nos.  XVII  to  XXI  of  Chinese  In- 
ventions and  Discoveries,  by  Ching- 
wah  Lee.  Reprinted  in  full  by  The 
American  Bowman  (Albany,  Oreg.) 

The  Economic  Life  of  the  Chinese 
in  the  United  States,  by  Lim  P.  Lee. 
Reprinted  in  condensed  form  and 
re-titled  The  Chinese  Struggle  A- 
broad  in  the  China  Digest  (Shang- 
hai English  monthly); 

Grand  View  of  San  Francisco,  an 
illustrated     feature     "Chinatownia" 


item.  Reprinted  in  full  in  the  China 
Press  weekly  supplement  (Shang- 
hai); 

My  Country  and  My  People,  a 
book  review  by  William  Hoy.  Re- 
printed in  part  in  The  Rock  monthly 
(Hongkong) ; 

The  Passing  of  Chinatown:  Fact 
or  Fancy,  by  William  Hoy.  Reprint- 
ed in  full  in  the  Shanghai  Evening 
Post  &  Mercury  daily;  also  trans- 
lated into  Chinese  by  the  Young 
China  (San  Francisco);  Catholic 
Center  Gives  Report  of  Year's  Work 
by  William  Hoy.  Rewritten  and 
released  as  a  feature  news  item  by 
the  NCWC  (National  Catholic  Wel- 
fareConference)  news  service  to  the 
Catholic  press  throughout  the  U.  S. 
Later  translated  into  Chinese  and 
released  to  the  Catholic  press  in 
China  through  the  Lumen  (Catho- 
lic)   news   service    (Peiping) ; 

Ah  Louis,  by  William  Hoy.  Trans- 
lated into  Chinese  by  the  Young 
China  daily    (San  Francisco) ; 

Moy  Jin  Mun,  by  William  Hoy. 
Reprinted  in  full  in  the  Pony  Ex- 
press Courier  monthly  (Placerville, 
Calif.); 

San  Francisco's  Chinatown,  a  book 
review  by  William  Hoy.  Reprinted 
in  part  in  the  Chinese  Christian  Stu- 
dent Bulletin   (New  York). 


ALMOST   300  STUDENTS  LEFT 

CHINA  FOR  AMERICAN 

STUDIES  IN  1936 

Last  summer  a  total  of  296  Chinese 
students  left  their  homeland  for  further 
studies  in  the  colleges  and  universities  in 
America,  a  recent  report  from  the  Mini- 
stry of  Education  of  the  central  govern- 
ment revealed.  These  students  are  study- 
ing  the  following   subjects: 

Engineering  __  —  —  __  70 

Law,    Politics,   Economics  ....   52 

Pure  Sciences  -  40 

Liberal  Arts ..._ 36 

Agriculture  ....   — .   —  —  25 

Commerce   .—    —    — .    38 

Education  _„  23 

Medicine  — .  — . -   12 

During  the  same  year  286  Chines*  stu- 
dents went  to  Europe.  Of  this  number 
102  went  to  England,  101  to  Germany, 
while  the  rest  are  distributed  in  France, 
Belgium,  Switzerland,  Austria,  Italy, 
Holland,    Poland   and   Denmark. 

•  • 

From  time  to  time  there  have  been 
complaints  from  various  readers  that  the 
typography  of  the  Chinese  Digest  is  too 
small  and  consequently  difficult  to  read 
without  occasioning  eyestrain.  In  this 
issue  one  article  is  being  printed  in  a 
larger  type  to  test  readers'  reactions.  The 
editor  would  welcome  comments  relative 
to  this  particular  type.  If  it  meets  with 
favorable  reactions  future  issues  of  the 
Digest  may  be  printed  in  this  larger  type. 


Page  20  CHINESE     DIGEST  February,    1937 


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"      »  _»fc:cl 

<3~: 


Vol.  3,  No.  3 


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March,    1937 


Ten  Cents 


GOOD     EARTH       NUMBER 


O-LAN  SEES  HER  FIRST  DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 
As  her  second  son  takes  unto  himself  a  wife, 
O-Lan,  the  mother  and  heroine  of  "The  Cood 
Earth,"  lay  dying  in  her  bed,  while  those  par- 
taking in  the  marriage  feast  make  merry  outside 


her  room.  This  is  the  climax  of  the  motion 
picture  version  of  Pearl  S.  Buck's  world  famous 
novel.  Luise  Rainer  plays  O-Lan,  and  Mary 
Wong  is  the  Little  Bride.  This  production  is 
now    released    after    three    years'    preparation. 


Page  2 


CHINESE      DICEST 


March,    1937 


EDITORIAL 


IN  PRAISE  OF  THE  "GOOD  EARTH." 

The  picturization  of  Pearl  Buck's  novel,  "The  Good 
Earth,"  has  been  acclaimed  from  coast  to  coast  by  emi- 
nent critics  as  a  great  work  of  art  and  an  outstanding 
achievements  in  the  annals  of  the  motion  picture  indus- 
try. These  critics  have  spared  no  superlatives  in  de- 
scribing the  picture  as  a  triumph  of  the  cinema  art,  and 
some  were  well-nigh  bubbling  over  with  enthusiasm  and 
lavish  praise.  And  since  most  of  these  critics  referred 
to  are  of  the  New  York  variety,  noted  for  their  cynic- 
ism and  severity  as  well  as  real  artistic  insight,  the  tribute 
and  panegyrics  which  they  have  lavished  on  the  picture 
must  have  been  well  deserved. 

We  noted  with  more  than  passing  interest  such 
comments  as  the  following:  "  'The  Good  Earth'  brings 
the  baffling  and  remote  Chinese  into  our  sympathetic 
understanding  as  if  they  were  our  other  selves;"  "...  a 
revealing  study  of  a  great  and  ancient  people;"  "The 
story  of  Wang  and  his  love  for  the  land  ...  is  thee 
story  of  civilization;"  "It  is  the  story  of  China,  new  and 
old,  and  it  still  is  universal  in  theme  and  in  effect;" 
".  .  .  the  picture  is  neither  of  the  Orient  or  the  Oc- 
cident as  a  study  of  mankind;"  "Searchingly  human,  a 
saga  of  womanhood.  .  .  ."  Words  like  these  speak 
volumes. 

Tons  of  publicity  copy  have  been  released  during  the 
past  four  years  to  acquaint  and  keep  the  public  informed 
about  the  making  of  this  production.  .  The  public  has 
been  told  that  a  veritable  expedition  was  sent  to  China 
to  photograph  the  background  and  purchase  necessary 
properties;  that  this  work  took  more  than  a  year  and 
at  the  end  of  that  time  some  200,000  feet  of  film  were 
taken;  that  it  took  several  years  of  research  and  re- 
writing of  the  novel  to  adapt  it  for  the  screen;  and 
that,  finally,  the  production  cost  in  the  neighborhood  of 
#3,000,000. 

But  the  greatness  of  "The?  Good1  Earth"  as  a  picture 
does  not  lie  in  the  fact  that  prodigious  labor  and  a  vast 
sum  of  money   were  spent  in   its   making. 

The  real  greatness  of  the  picture  lies  in  the  fact  that 
one  of  the  great  novels  of  our  time  could  be  so  faith- 
fully and  minutely  translated  on  the  screen.  All  the 
greatness  of  the  novel — :in  its  ability  to  communicate 
emotions  and  in  its  realistic  revelation  of  an  aspect  of 
life  that  might  have  been — was  visualized  on  the  screen 
as  few  other  great  stories  could  have  been  done. 

Two  generations  before  Rudyard  Kipling,  a  news- 
paperman in  India,  raised  journalism — a  lowly  profes- 
sion— to  the  heights  of  literature  through  his  creative 
genius.  The  motion  picture,  which  also  had  a  lowly 
beginning  but  a  generation  ago,  have  already  been  recog- 
nized as  an  art,  but  an  art  not  yet  reaching  fulfillment. 
We  venture  the  hope  that,  with  "The  Good  Earth"  as 
its  most  supreme  achievement  thus  far,  the  cinema  has 


TABLE      OF      CONTENTS 

EDITORIAL 2,   23 

THE  C.  E.  C.  SESSION  AT  NANKING 
Hsieh  Wei-lum 4 

CHINA'S  LOST  MILK  CULTURE 
Chingwah  Lee 6 

CHINA  HAD  THE  FIRST  MOTION 
PICTURE    Chingwah  Lee  7 

CHINATOWN  I A 8,  15,  17,  20,  21 

WHO'S  WHO  AMONG  THE  CHINESE 
I N  'GOOD  EARTH' 9 

THE  JADE  BOX 

P'mgYu 10,  11 

AN  'INSIDE  VIEW  OF  A  MOTION 
..PICTURE  STUDIO  Lim  P.  Lee 12 

SAMPAN  b  CARAVAN 1 3 

SPORTS 

Fred  G.  Woo 18.  19 

MONTHLY  LISTING  OF  CURRENT 
ARTICLES  b  BOOKS 22 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Published    monthly   at    868    Washington    Street 
San    Ftancisco,    California     (CHina    2400) 

WILLIAM  HOY,    Editor 

Per  year,    J1.00:    Per  copy,    10    cents 

Foreign,    £1.50    per    year 

All    articles    copyrighted.    For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured    in  writing. 

STAFF 

Associate     Editor 

....     Sports     Editor.     Office    Manager 

_ _    Sociological    Data 


CHINGWAH  LEE 
FRED  G.  WOO  _ 
LIM    P.    LEE    


THOMAS  W.  CHINN 
HELEN  M.  FONG  _ 
WALLACE   H.    FONG    . 


Managing    Editor 

Circulation     Manage! 

Photograph*! 


CORRESPONDENTS    and    REPRESENTATIVES 


Bakersfield    _. 

Berkeley     ... 

Fresno 

Honolulu,    T.    H. 
Los  Angeles 
New   York 
Portland    _ 
Salinas    ... 

Santa    Barbara    

Seattle    .. 

Watsonville     .    . 


Mamia    Lee 

Glenn  D    Lvm 

...    Allan   Law 

Grac*    H.    Goo 

Elsie    Lee.    Bemic*    Louie 

Annabelle   Wong,    Bing   Chan 

Eva    Moe.    Edgar    Lea 

. Edward   Chan 

Albert  Yea 

.    Eugene    Wong,    Edwin    Luke 

Alice    Shew 


FOUNDERS  and   PUBLISHERS: 

THOMAS   W.   CHINN.  President:    CHINGWAH   LEE.  Treasurer 


March,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


Younger  Son  (Roland  Lui)  reading  Chinese  Digest  to  O-Lan  (Luise  Rainer)  and    "Little  Fool"  (Suzanna  Kim) 

CHINESE  STAR*  IN  "THE  GOOD  EARTH" 
WRITES    ABOUT    MOORE    CLOTHES 

^Chingwah  Lee,  playing  the  most  important  part  assigned  to  a  Chinese  actor  in  "Good  Earth" 


\l  N  the  above  picture,  Roland  Lui  is  read- 
■*■  ing  a  recent  article  in  the  Chinese  Di- 
gest. Among  other  things  Chingwah  Lee 
wrote:  ,!  .  .  .  Then  I  rushed  back  to  my 
room  to  remove  my  disguise  and  to  pro- 
ceed to  make  myself  presentable  for  the 


reception.  First,  I  put  on  my  Sunday  suit 
which  is  all  mine  except  for  six  Moore 
stalled  installments."  Thank  you  Mr.  Lee 
for  mentioning  us  so  pleasantly  —  and  we 
trust  others  will  follow  your  example  in 
choosing    their    Sunday    suit    at    Moore's 


1000  Suit  Purchase 
of  "Meaty"  worsteds 
far  below  their  worth 


$ 


28 


75 


141  Kearny  -  San  Francisco 
840  Market  -  San  Francisco 
1450  Broadway  -  Oakland 


MOORE'S 


Chinese  representative  at 
San  Francisco  Kearny  St. 
store  only:  "Colday"  Leong 


Page  4 

CHINESE      DICEST 

March.   1937 

F 

A  R     E  A  S 

T 

THE  C.  E.  C.  SESSION 
AT  NANKING 

By  Hsieh  Wei-lum 

All  observers  of  Chinese  politics,  na- 
tive or  foreign,  expected  momentous  de- 
cisions to  come  forth  from  the  recent 
session  of  the  Central  Executive  Com- 
mittee (Chung  Yang  Chap  Hsing  Wei 
Yuan  Hui)  of  the  Nanking  national 
government,  held  February  15  to  21. 

As  a  result  of  the  clamor  of  Com- 
munist elements  for  a  united  front 
against  Japan,  a  clamor  made  all  the 
more  loud  by  the  Anti-Japanese  National 
Salvation  organization,  it  was  to  be  ex- 
pected that  the  C.  E.  C.  would  consider 
this  matter  as  the  most  important  one  on 
its  agenda.  All  other  questions,  military 
and  political,  were  of  secondary  import- 
ance. 

But  what  happened ?  When  the  com-, 
mittee  adjourned  the  following  impor- 
tant points  were  given  as  the  national 
government's  present  declaration  of  na- 
tional policy: 

1.  Active  punitive  warfare  against 
Chinese  communists  shall  cease,  but  the 
government  shall  do  all  in  its  power  to 
suppress  and  crush  opposition  (meaning 
Communist)  propaganda  against  the 
Nanking  regime; 

2.  Conscription  of  the  nation's  youths 
shall  be  actively  pushed  to  build  up  po- 
tential fighting  strength; 

3.  The  government  shall  adopt  a  pol- 
icy of  watchful  self-defense  in  respect  to 
its  foreign  relations. 

Thus,  on  close  analysis,  the  C.  E.  C. 
session  decided  nothing  new  to  change 
the  course  of  the  governments  present 
policy  of  national  unification  and  mili- 
tary preparedness.  In  effect  the  C.  E.  C. 
decided  that  Gen.  Chiang  Kai-shek's 
policy  of  unification  and  preparedness 
was  the  only  course  possible  to  pursue  at 
this  time,  and  that  any  sort  of  a  strong 
policy  against  Japan  would  prove  disas- 
trous to  the  nation. 

Last  month  this  writer  stated  in  these 
columns  that  although  there  is  strong 
sentiment  in  the  country  today  for 
a  Nanking-Communist  united  front 
against  Japan,  yet  this  was  not  possible 
as  long  as  (Jen.  Chiang  was  in  power. 
And  since  the  recent  C.  E.  C.  decision  in 
reality  reflects  the  policy  of  Gen.  Chiang, 
the  statement  has  been  proven  to  be  cor- 
rect. 

With  any  other  leader  than  General 
Chiang  at  the  helm  of  the  government 
today,  the  C.  E.  C.  would  have  capitu- 
lated to  the  demands  of  the  Communists 
and  radical  elements.  Not  only  was  pub- 
lic sentiment  for  it  but  even  many  of 


Nanking's  leaders  worked  actively  in 
the  hope  of  steam-rolling  a  resolution  at 
the  C.  E.  C.  session  calling  for  a  united 
front.  Marshall  Feng  Yu-hsiang,  still  as 
independent  and  bellicose  as  ever,  would 
have  the  government  abandon  its  present 
wars  against  the  Communists,  join  hands 
with  them  against  Japan,  and  also  reach 
an  "understanding"  with  Soviet  Russia. 
The  voice  of  Madame  Sun  Yat-Sen 
was  heard  in  denouncing  Nanking's 
present  policy  of  virtual  national  suicide. 
Madame  Sun's  political  influence  is  no 
longer  strong  in  Nanking  today,  but  her 
voice  in  the  radical  movement  is  greater 
than  ever. 

But  the  most  insistent  clamoring  for  a 
united  front  came  from  the  Anti-Jap- 
anese National  Salvation  Association. 
This  is  a  semi-legal  organization,  with 
branches  in  all  large  Chinese  cities  and 
also  abroad,  including  the  United  States. 
This  association  declares  as  its  main  pur- 
pose to  work  for  a  struggle  with  Japan 
in  order  to  recover  territories  wrested  by 
that  country  from  China  since  1931.  It 
aims  to  achieve  its  purpose  by  all  avail- 
able means,  including  propaganda, 
strikes,  boycotts  and  political  persuasion. 
Its  membership  includes  both  Commun- 
ists and  left-wing  Kuomintang-ites.  and. 
to  this  extent,  serves  as  a  link  between 
the  ruling  party  in  China  and  the  radi- 
cals. 

On  the  strength  of  its  membership, 
therefore,  and  the  fact  that  it  has  the  sup- 
port of  thousands  of  patriotic  citizens, 
the  National  Salvation  Association 
drafted  this  resolution  and  sent  its  dele- 
gates to  present  it  at  the  C.  E.  C.  meet- 
ing: 

The  formation  of  a  "Popular  Front" 
government  which  would  seek  the  sup- 
port of  other  democratic  governments 
throughout  the  world; 

Immediate  cessation  of  open  warfare 
against  Chinese  Communists  and  their 
inclusion  into  the  Popular  Front: 

Diplomatic  efforts  to  achieve  an  un- 
derstanding with  Britain  and  the  United 
States — a  sort  of  tri-partc  entente — to 
curb  Japan  s  imperialism. 

But  in  spite  ot  this  strong  support,  in 
spite  of  the  Communists'  apparently  sin 
cere  promise  to  tone  down  its  agrarian 
program  and  abandon  its  class  wart. ire 
policy,  the  demand  for  a  united  front 
was  rejected.  The  C.  E.  C.  did  not  con- 
cede a  single  point.  True,  the  C.  E.  C. 
did  decide  to  stop  the  government's  war- 
fare against  the  Reds,  but  the  rider  to 
that  declaration  nullified  the  first  part 
of  the  statement  completely. 


One  cannot  help  observing,  as  China's 
internal  politics  stand  today,  that  the 
Communists,  all  reports  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding,  are  losing  ground. 
They  are  losing  ground  in  spite  of  the 
party's  switching  of  tactics,  which  is 
that  of  abandoning  its  class  warfare 
against  capitalists,  landlords  and  rich 
merchants  and  greatly  modifying  its 
agrarian  program.  They  are  losing 
ground  in  spite  of  their  declaration  to  co- 
operate with  the  Kuomintang  and  the 
organization  of  a  national  anti-Japanese 
association  to  assure  Nanking  of  the 
Communists'  support  in  case  of  an  early 
war  with  Japan. 

Chinese  Communism's  present  polic\ 
vis-a-vis  Nanking  may  be  summed  up 
by  quoting  two  of  the  eight-point  pro- 
gram promulgated  by  the  Reds  at  Sianlu 
last  December  when  Gen.  Chiang  was 
captured.  These  two  points  arc:  1 )  re- 
organization of  the  Nanking  govern- 
ment to  include  anti-Japanese  represen- 
tatives from  all  parties,  groups,  and  or- 
ganizations throughout  the  country:  and 
2)  the  immediate  realization  of  the  last 
will  and  testament  ot  Sun  Yat-Sen. 
which  calls  for  an  alliance  between 
China  and  all  countries  that  believe  in 
its  Irecdom. 

It  can  be  seen  that  with  such  a  pro- 
gram Gen.  Chiang  and  China's  Com- 
munists simply  cannot  see  eye  to  eye. 
The  struggle  between  Nanking  and  the 
Communists,  therefore.  >:oes  on. 


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March,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  5 


DRESSWELL   TO   FIT   THE   OCCASION 
GOOD   EARTH'   IS  ONE   —  SPRINC'S  ANOTHER 


iPaul  Muni. and  Luise  Rai.uer  in  a  scene  from  "The  Good  Earth" 


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to  save  you  from  downtown  traffic  dress  value,  yet  priced  to  give  you  sub- 
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Page  6 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


March,    1937 


CULTURE 


Chinese    Inventions  and 
Discoveries 

_  No.  33-34:  China's  Lost  Milk 
Culture  includes  the  invention  of 
junket  and  oleomargine;  she  has  had 
milk  powder,  butter,  cheese,  and 
koumiss;  and  prescribed  milk  diet  and 
bath. 

China  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  few 
agricultural  countries  representative  of 
"massa  civilization" — as  distinguished 
from  cattle  raising  "tundra  civilization" 
which  successfully  resisted  the  inroad  of 
the  dairy  complex — such  as  the  use  of 
milk,  cheese,  and  butter  as  food.  But  an 
examination  of  her  history  shows  that 
the  milk  complex  was  not  entirely  un- 
known to  her,  and  surprising  as  it  may 
seem,  her  milk  culture  was  actually 
more  extensive  than  that  of  cattle  rais- 
ing countries.  What  happened  was  that 
she  rejected  this  valuable  gift  of  the  cat- 
tle raisers. 

The  Materia  Medica  of  the  Ming 
Dynasty,  for  example,  shows  that  her 
physicians  had  studied  milk  produced 
from  all  the  domestic  animals.  Physi- 
cians of  the  time  analyzed  to  the  best  of 
their  knowledge  the  milk  of  human  be- 
ings, sows,  water  buffalo,  sheep,  mare, 
ass,  camel,  and  even  dogs.  All  the  known 
medicinal  values  were  listed  and  they 
are  classified  as  either  saline  or  sweet, 
cooling  or  warming. 

A  diet  of  sow's  milk  is  recommended 
as  a  cure  for  alcoholics.  A  milk  bath  is 
recommended  to  whiten  the  complex- 
ion, soften  the  skin,  and  preserve  the 
hair.  The  captive  wife  of  Emperor 
Ch'ien  Lung  is  said  to  have  bathed  daily 
with  milk  from  sheep  of  her  own  coun- 
try in  Central  Asia.  Her  beauty  was 
famous  throughout  the  Orient,  and  she 
is  said  to  have  had  the  fragrance  of  an 
infant. 

As  a  diet  milk  is  said  to  prevent  fever, 
convulsion,  and  a  certain  form  of  cold. 
It  is  also  said  to  be  mildly  laxative,  un- 
less mixed  with  acid,  when  it  has  the 
opposite  effect.  It  is  praised  as  a  bone 
and  ligament  builder;  a  tonic  to  the 
heart,  kidney,  and  navel;  and  as  a  mild 
aphrodisiac. 

A  fermented  wine  of  mare's  milk 
called  koumiss  or  ma  ju  chiu  was  made 
during  the  Han  Dynasty.  It  is  probably 
the  result  of  her  being  invaded  by  the 
milk-using  Tartars  during  the  later  part 
of  the  Chou  Dynasty.  Koumiss  is  used 
extensively  in  Mongolia  and  Siberia  to- 
day. 

Milk  junket  is  made  by  adding  a  small 
amount  of  plaster  of  Paris  to  heated 


CHINGWAH  LEE 


4f>*  .     - 


f- 


A  portion  of  the  Chinese  farm 
"set"  built  for  the  "Good  Earth."  The 

milk.  It  must  be  prepared  with  extreme 
care.  The  powder  must  be  stirred  in 
evenly  yet  the  milk  must  not  be  agitated 
or  it  will  curdle.  This  technique  is  very 
likely  a  transfer  from  the  soy  bean  cul- 
ture of  China.  Milk  powder  is  also  pro- 
duced. Oleomargarine  is  made  as  it  is 
being  made  in  the  West  today,  by  adding 
suet  and  a  little  coloring  matter  called 
huang  ki  tzu  to  butter.  Oleomargarine 
did  not  make  its  appearance  in  Europe 
until  Napoleon's  time. 

Cream  is  called  ju  p'i  or  milk  skin. 
Lao  or  lo  is  a  term  generally  applied  to 
a  creamv  curd  make  by  boiling  the  milk 
repeatedly,  adding  a  little  fresh  milk 
with  each  boiling.  After  the  tenth  boil- 
ing it  is  poured  into  a  jar  and  allowed 
to  cool.  The  upper  half  called  "su"  is  re- 
moved, while  the  lower  half  soon  forms 
a  creamy  curd  called  lao  or  lo.  Lao  is 
not  fermented. 

There  is  a  dry  form  of  lo  called  kan 
lo,  and  this  is  made  by  placing  the  milk 
in  the  sun  and  repeatedly  removing  the 
layer  which  forms  on  the  surface.  This 
collected  skimming  is  placed  in  a  pot 
and  heated,  then  poured  into  a  howl  and 
allowed  to  cool.  It  is  finally  strained, 
and  the  precipitate  is  a  solid  product 
called  kan  lo. 

Dried  cream  is  called  su.  It  is  prac- 
tically the  same  as  butter,  which  is  called 
iu  yu  (milk  fat),  or  huang  yu  (yellow- 
fat),  but  is  sometimes  called  ma  ssu  yu 
(Hindu:  muska).  It  is  made  by  heating 
the  milk,  skimming,  and  heating  the 
collected  cream.  This  process  is  said  to 
have  come  from  Szechuan  and  Kwei- 
chow  provinces  during  the  Han  Dynasty. 


water  buffalo  in  the  foreground  was 
imported   from  the  Orient. 

Readers  will  recall  that  at  that  time  this 
region,  then  known  collectively  as 
Ichow,  was  occupied  by  pioneering  Chi- 
nese and  indigenous  yak-raising  tribes — 
the  Pa,  Shu,  Pantung,  Liao,  and  Yailang 
tribes.  Today,  Tibet,  which  once  also 
overlapped  into  Szechuan,  is  the  yak- 
raising  center,  and  their  religious  activi- 
ties include  the  display  of  very  colorful 
butter-sculptures  of  Buddhas  and  pil- 
grims. 

Butter  fat,  called  t'i  hn.  is  the  oil 
which  is  separated  from  hutter.  It  is 
similar  to  the  India  Ghee  (or  ghrita). 
This  was  brought  into  China  by  the 
Buddhist  monks  from  India.  As  ti  hu 
comes  from  lao  and  lao  from  su.  and  su 
from  milk,  t'i  hu  is  considered  the  es- 
sence of  milk  and  is  said  to  prolong  life 
it  taken  regularly. 

Cheese  is  called  yu  pink  (milk  cake) 
or  nai  toufu  (milk  soy  custard).  Milk  is 
boiled  repeatedly  lor  live  times  ami  a 
little  vinegar  added.  It  is  strained 
through  cloth  ami  squeezed  between 
stones  to  form  a  cake.  There  are  many 
other  methods  of  making  cheese,  and 
some  arc  made  in  combination  with  soy 
sauce.  Cheese  str.iws  were  also  made  .it 
that  time. 

It  is  difficult  to  think  ol  China  as  a 
cheese  exporter,  especially  it  the  destm.i 

tion  is  America.   Yet,  tor  the  last  thirty 
years  Sam  Wo  ('ale,  in  San  Francisco, 

famous   shop  lor   rice  gruel,   imports   .i 
variety  called  niu  yu  ping  or  COW    milk 

tablet.    It  is  made  by  adding  salt  to 
curdled  buffalo  milk,  straining,  sejiu 
ing    in    a    cloth     sack,     pounding,     and 
(Continued    on    Page    17) 


March,  1937 


CHINESE      DICEST 


Pact  7 


CULTURE 


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES 
AND  INVENTIONS 

No.  35-41 :  The  Chinese  Invented 
puppetry,  and  has  the  equivalent  of 
magic  lantern,  silent  movies,  animat- 
ed cartoons,  talkies,  colored  talkies, 
and  radio  plays. 

Far  fetched  as  it  may  seem  the  first 
screen  picturization  of  the  "Good  Earth" 
took  place  in  China  nearly  a  thousand 
years  ago.  At  that  time  the  Chinese  were 
enjoying  puppet  shows,  which  type  of 
entertainment,  together  with  the  peep 
shows,  spread  all  over  the  Orient. 

Puppetry  soon  developed  into  "shad- 
ow plays"  where  the  puppets  were 
of  cardboard,  manipulated  between  a 
screen  and  a  lantern.  The  larger  screens 
are  four  feet  in  length  and  three  feet  in 
height  and  may  be  of  silk  or  paper.  This 
type  of  "silent  movies"  had  the  same 
name  that  modern  cinema  bears  in 
China  today — "ymg  hua"  or  shadow  pic- 
tures. Ying  hua  is  probably  a  Yuan 
Dynasty  (1278-1368  A.  D.)  achieve- 
ment, a  great  period  in  the  development 
of  Chinese  drama.  The  background  is 
either  missing  or  very  simple,  but  furni- 
ture, trees,  and  other  props  are  often 
realistically  fashioned. 

The  montage  or  presentation  of  intro- 
ductory atmospheric  scenes  forms  a  very 
important  part  of  the  shadow  plays,  so 
much  so  that  one  wonders  if  this  out- 
growth of  the  peep-show  is  not  the  pro- 
genitor of  shadow  puppetry.  It  is  called 
pui  ching.  By  using  cut-outs  of  various 
degrees  of  transparency  very  pleasing 
light  and  shadow  effects  are  produced — 
a  bright  moon  against  a  dark  sky,  a  dim 
lantern  in  a  temple  yard,  or  a  group  of 
lowly  huts  against  a  river  bank.  Move- 
ment, if  any,  is  of  the  simplest  type — a 
willow  tree  is  made  to  sway  its  branches 
by  blowing  gently  on  it;  a  sampan  is 
drawn  across  a  lazy  stream,  or  a  row  of 
swallows  is  seen  crossing  the  sky. 

P'ui  ching,  then,  is  a  form  of  magic 
lantern,  but  it  should  be  distinguished 
from  the  chao-ma  tung  or  "running- 
horse"  lantern.  The  chao-ma  tung  is  a 
paper  lantern  with  an  inner  revolving 
frame  on  the  side  of  which  are  fashioned 
running  horses  or  other  figures.  This 
frame  has  a  roof  of  radiating  vents,  and 
is  made  to  revolve  by  a  current  of  hot 
air  issuing  from  a  candle  placed  to  one 
side  of  the  axis  of  the  lantern.  (Such  lan- 
terns, now  rare,  are  on  sale  at  the  China 
Emporium  and  the  Columbia  Company 
in  San  Francisco's  Chinatown.) 

Animated  cartoons  were  probably  pro- 
duced shortly  after  the  appearance  of 
the  shadow  plays  in  the  interest  of  vari- 
ety. The  characters  are  highly  distorted 
(Continued  from  Page  17) 


THE  5HfW0W 
SCREEN 

Pui  Ching'  or 
*  Atmospheric 

flontaye" 
preceding 
introduction 
of  characters . 

8EL0IV. 

Warrior  <sind 
some    of  his 
uniform    and 
equipment . 

y ) 


HOWELL,     DOUGLASS    &    CO. 
Members 

New  York   Stock    Exchange 

San    Francisco   Stock   Exchange 

San   Francisco   Curb   Exchange 

Chicago  Stock   Exchange 


30th  FLOOR  —  RUSS  BUILDING 

235   COLUMBUS    AVENUE 

SAN    FRANCISCO        —        TELEPHONE:    DOUGLAS    0131 


561   RAMONA  STREET 

PALO    ALTO,    CAL. 


40  WALL  STREET 

NEW    YORK,    N.    Y. 


Page  8 


CHINESE     DICEST 


March,    1937 


PERSONALITIES 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

WITH  R.  R. 

And  so  "The  Good  Earth"  came  to 
San  Francisco!  . . .  The  picture  for  which 
we  have  eagerly  waited  months  and 
months  took  S.  F.  by  storm!  It  is  really 
a  marvelous  picture  and  no  doubt  will 
be  the  number  one  picture  of  the  year. 
.  .  .  Don't  miss  it.  .  .  .  Over  radio  station 
KSFO,  Ching  Wah  Lee  gave  his  im- 
pression of  the  picture.  Quite  a  nice  chat. 
.  .  .  When  Soo  Yong  and  Mary  Wong 
walked  up  the  corridor  of  the  Carthay 
Circle  Theatre  at  the  world  premiere  of 
the  picture  in  Los  Angeles  recendy,  they 
made  the  spectators  gasp,  for  never  had 
they  seen  such  gorgeous  and  brilliant 
hued  Chinese  gowns.  .  .  .  Even  I  was 
speechless  at  the  spectacle!  .  .  .  Roland 
Got,  L.  A.'s  football  hero,  proved  that 
he  is  quite  an  actor  in  the  picture,  too. 
(His  screen  name  is  Roland  Lui.)  In 
case  you  don't  know  it,  Got  is  quite  an 
archer.  .  .  .  Frank  Tang  was  retained 
by  MGM  to  take  care  of  some  of  the  de- 
tails incident  to  the  opening  of  the  Good 
Earth  here.  His  brother,  Kam,  was  also 
a  S.  F.  visitor.  .  .  Chinese  New  Year 
was  celebrated  here  and  everywhere  with 
vim,  vigor,  lion  dance,  firecrackers,  feast 
and  the  ever  lucky  Lai  Shee.  .  .  .  China- 
town went  on  the  air  amid  the  firing  of 
our  traditional  firecrackers  on  New 
Year's  Eve.  None  other  than  Bob  Poo 
Poo  was  in  the  background  furnishing 
the  sound  effect.  .  .  .  Shootin'  up  again 
eh.  Bob?  ...  Li  Po,  "Where  Friendly 
Spirits  Reign,"  is  Chinatown's  newest 
cocktail  lounge.  The  managers,  Wilbert 
Wong  and  W.  Jack  Chow  rushed  the 
lounge  to  completion  just  in  time  to  han- 
dle the  huge  New  Year's  throng.  .  .  . 
Stockton  boasted  of  a  fine  new  modern 
Chinese  cafe,  the  Gum  Ling.  It  made 
it's  debut  during  New  Year  and  has  a 
fine  dance  floor  and  orchestra.  Stockton 
must  be  quite  a  dancing  town,  for  the 
Gold  Dragon  also  has  a  large  dance  floor 
and  ork.  .  .  .  The  Chinese  Tennis  Club 
(Chitena)  has  prepared  a  clever  pro- 
gram and  record  book  which  was  pre- 
sented to  the  members  at  their  annual 
meeting  recently.  Quite  an  interesting 
booklet,  with  many  sports  data  and  other 
activities.  .  .  .  The  club's  star  player, 
Erline  Lowe,  will  be  unable  to  defend 
her  Coast  tennis  crown  this  year.  The 
tendon  on  her  right  foot  snapped  while 
she  was  practicing  over  at  Cal.  Everyone 
is  pulling  for  your  speedy  recoverv, 
Erline!  . . .  They  tell  me  that  Earl  Wong, 
who  manages  a  large  market  in  Bakers- 
field,  is  letting  all  of  his  Chinese  clerks 
go.  They  are  to  be  replaced  by  American 
clerks.  Well,  well!  Why  so?  . . .  We  hope 


that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Louis  of  Bakers- 
field  enjoyed  their  stay  here.  Come 
again!  .  .  .  Pearl  Wong,  captain  of  the 
Chung  Wah  girls  basketball  team,  with 
Phoebe  Wong,  May  and  Edna  Yee  were 
recently  entertained  by  little  Eslin  Chinn 
who  gave  a  special  performance  of  her 
Cane  dance  in  their  honor.  .  .  .  Just  a 
fair  sized  crowd  attended  the  S.  F.  J.  C. 
Dance  at  the  Hotel  St.  Francis.  ...  A 
celebrated  stage  star  was  scheduled  for 
the  Chitena  New  Year's  Eve  dance,  but 
was  unable  to  appear  as  the  "flu"  got  her 
too.  ...  A  ladies'  tag  was  one  of  the 
unique  features  of  the  Waku  Aux.  Chi- 
nese New  Year  Dance.  .  .  .  The  heavy 
rain  and  threatened  flood  in  L.  A.  failed 
to  dampen  the  holiday  spirit  of  the 
dancing  crowd  at  the  Lowa  New  Year's 
dance  there.  .  .  .  Awards  were  presented 
to  the  basketball  champions,  Nan  Wah, 
at  the  Wah  Ying  Award  Dance.  .  .  . 
Congratulations  with  orchids  to  the  fol- 
lowing "we  -  feel  -  that  -  way-about-each- 
other,"  newly-weds  and  brides  and  bride- 
grooms-to-be. .  .  .  Herbert  Gee  and  Ada 
Look,  Esther  Chew  and  George  "Red" 
Wong,  Genevieve  Chin  and  Roy  Tong, 
Fran  Che  Lee  and  Thomas  "Gim"  Yep, 
Esther  Lew  and  Taft  Leung,  Holly 
Leung  and  Dr.  Edward  Lee,  Lucille  Soo- 
Hoo  and  Eugene  Yee,  Jessie  Soo-Hoo 
and  Ed  Ming,  Dora  Tom  and  David  Soo 
Hoo.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Wong  gave  a 
surprise  triple  engagement  party  for  the 
last  three  couples.  .  .  .  Angelenos  are  still 
talking  about  the  lovely  Lew-Leung 
wedding.  .  .  .  Dashing  Wilbur  Mar  and 
exotic  Bo  Ling  were  one  of  the  best  Chi- 
nese ballroom  dance  teams.  Their  excel- 
lent performance  in  various  exclusive 
nite  clubs  amazed  and  delighted  many  a 
crowd.  But  the  team  is  no  more,  for  Bo 
Ling  couldn't  resist  the  call  of  the  Kleig 
lights  and  has  retired  from  the  team  to 
act  in  the  movie  once  more.  .  .  .  Fred 
Quin  of  L.  A.  was  a  recent  visitor  in 
town.  Fred  is  an  excellent  long  distance 
swimmer,  as  is  his  pal,  Freddie  Lee.  .  .  . 
The  plumbing  in  the  apartment  over  the 
Cathay  Club's  locker  room  burst  one 
day.  Result:  uniforms  of  the  whole 
band  had  to  be  sent  to  the  cleaners  after 
being  soaked  in  the  indoor  deluge.  .  .  . 
A  large  delegation  attended  the  annual 
Artists'  Parilia  Ball  held  recently  at  the 
Exposition  Auditorium.  ...  In  the  gay 
throng  were  Ed  Chan,  Victor  Young. 
Walter  Wong,  James  R.  Lee.  David  Lee, 
Mary  and  Wahso  Chan,  Ira  Lee.  Miriam 
Lum,  Doris  Lowe,  Pearl  Chan.  Florence 
Jung,  Eva  Chan,  Helen  Fong  ami.  of 
course,  you  can't  miss  big  6  foot  3  Harold 
Hee  with  his  Missus,  Stella  Wong.  Her- 
bert Lee  had  a  swell  time.  too.  banging 


TO  "GOOD  EARTH" 
with    a 

RooaBro* 

SUIT 


For  perfect  poise  and 

relaxation  when  viewing 

the  "GOOD  EARTH  epic 

an  all  wool  hand  tailored 

Thos.    Heath,    Castlerock, 

"Varsity"  or  Worsted-Tex 

British  Lounge  model  is 

the  vogue. 

There  is  satisfaction  in 

possessing  a  style-supreme 

long  wearing   suit   from 

RooaBtoa 

MARKET  AT  STOCKTON 


Chinese  Representatives: 

Henry   S.   Tom 

Dorothy      Wing 

Horace      Fong    (Oakland1 


March,  1937 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


Page  9 


HOLLYWOOD     REVIEW 


WHO'S  WHO 

AMONG  THE  CHINESE  IN 

"THE  GOOD  EARTH'' 

Soo  Yong  is  an  A.B.  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Hawaii  and  an  M.A.  from 
Columbia  University.  Her  major  is  bot- 
any, and  she  has  taught  in  high  schools. 
She  made  her  bow  to  America  when  she 
served  as  curtain  raiser  for  Mei  Lan 
Fang,  and  America  is  still  loud  in  praise 
of  her  fine  English  diction — "better  than 
the  best  among  the  English  and  the 
American."  She  made  history  again 
when  she  appeared  as  a  Manchu  prin- 
cess in  the  picture,  "Painted  Veil."  After 
that  performance  M-G-M  chained  her 
by  a  "Good  Earth"  contract  to  play  both 
the  ancient  Mistress  and  the  sloppy 
sharp-tongued  aunt. 

Mary  Wong  is  the  prettiest  Chinese 
girl  appearing  in  "The  Good  Earth."  In 
San  Francisco  she  is  a  buyer  and  an  ex- 
pert sales  manager  at  the  China  Em- 
porium, of  which  she  has  a  partnership. 
In  "The  Good  Earth"  she  radiated  so 
much  charm  as  the  Little  Bride  that  no 
cutting  of  even  an  inch  from  her  acting 
was  possible  without  removing  some- 
thing of  the  uniqueness  from  the  picture. 
However,  they  had  to  make  her  speech- 
less for  the  simple  reason  that  Chinese 
brides  are  supposed  to  be  seen  but  not 
heard.  "That's  the  most  difficult  thing 
for  me  to  do — remaining  silent,"  said 
Mary,  afterward. 

Keye  Luke  is  known  to  the  world 
through  his  Charlie  Chan  series  of 
thrillers,  in  which  he  plays  the  Chinese 
detective's  son.  But  a  new  personality 
emerged  in  the  Elder  Son  of  "The  Good 
Earth."  The  part  being  more  in  keeping 
with  his  personality  he  did  a  very  fine 
portrayal.  Keye  was  an  artist  from  Seat- 
tle before  he  took  up  acting.  His  paint- 
ing has  that  subtle  touch  which  charac- 
terizes a  Sung.    An  intellectual  of  the 


JTU. 


Our  home  office  pur- 
chased a  large  quan- 
tity of  used  type- 
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ables us  to  make 
some  very  attractive 
offers.  Example:  Cor- ^ 
ona  Portable,  $14.  We  have  all  makes. 
New  portables,  also  all  makes.  Guaran- 
teed terms  as  low  as  $3.  Rentals,  3 
months  $5.00.  This  ad  good  for  $2  credit 
if   you    buy. 

AMERICAN     WRITING 

MACHINE    CO. 

Since  1880 

522  Market  St.  DOuglas  0648 


Some  of  the  Chinese  players  and  technical  staff  of  "The  Good  Earth."     Left 

to  right  are  Roland  Lui   (Got),  Caroline  Chew,  Chingwah  Lee,  Mary  Wong, 

James  Z.  M.  Lee,  Soo  Yong,  William  Law,  Lotus  Liu  and  Frank  Tang. 


first  order,  his  vocabulary  would  put  the 
average  American  to  shame.  An  intro- 
vert, he  likes  a  good  smoke,  a  quiet  con- 
versation among  friends,  and  a  laugh  at 
the  antics  of  Sinclair  Lewis's  children. 

Roland  Liu  is  typical  of  the  second 
generation  Chinese — a  good  athlete,  a 
high  school  graduate,  the  personification 
of  health  and  pep.  Plays  football  and 
basketball  with  relish.  He  received  a 
year's  training  at  the  Motion  Picture 
Academy  (with  pay)  before  participat- 
ing in  "The  Good  Earth." 

William  Law  is  a  representative  to  the 
Chinese  Six  Companies;  a  Chinese  divi- 
sion manager  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Paper 
Company,  and  a  career  man  at  the  Co- 
lumbia Importing  Company.  A  good 
singer,  he  was  on  the  Orpheum  Circuit 


in  the  good  old  days  before  the  depres- 
sion. He  enjoys  a  good  cigar  and  a  good 
joke — and  excels  in  these  two  fine  arts. 

Caroline  Chew  is  a  graduate  of  Mills 
College,  a  daughter  of  the  late  famous 
Chung  Sa  Yat  Po  publisher,  Ng  Poon 
Chew.  She  studied  dancing  under  both 
European  and  Oriental  masters  and  has 
given  many  concerts  here  and  in  the 
East.  She  plays  the  part  of  a  dancer  in 
"The  Good  Earth"  tea  house  scene. 

Lotus  Lui  is  from  Shanghai  and  was 
(Continued  on  Page  20) 


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Page   IP 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


March,    1937 


THE    JADE     BOX 


P'ing  Yu 


COLOR— CHAFING  TO 
CLUBWOMEN 

Just  when  the  world,  the  intelligent 
world,  was  getting  nauseated  with  the 
patriotic  purity  purgings  and  the  shame- 
ful spread  of  race  hatred  among  the  less 
democratic  nations,  and  when  we  were 
vociferously  praising  the  more  enlight- 
ened ways  of  life  and  government  in  this 
country  where  we  can  still  doff  our  hats 
to  whomever  we  like,  this  had  to  happen 
to  take  the  joy  out  of  life.  The  "color 
line"  once  more  became  a  point  of  issue 
and  definitely  caused  a  battle  in  the 
ranks  of  local  American  clubwomen 
when  the  constitution  of  the  City  and 
County  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs 
was  amended  to  bar  non-Caucasian  clubs 
from  membership.  Some  of  the  much 
heated  clubwomen,  doing  considerable 
chest-heaving,  said  that  though  they 
would  be  willing  to  work  for  "colored 
women,"  they  wished — oh,  so  ardendy 
— to  reserve  the  right  to  choose  their  own 
club  friends,  and  so  on,  ad  nauseum. 

It's  just  this  high  and  mighty  "holier 
than  thou"  attitude  of  "working  for" 
and  not  "working  with"  people  that 
makes  this  world  so  divided  in  spirit. 
I  am  sorry  for  the  Federation.  It  had  a 
wonderful  chance,  in  this  cosmopolitan 
San  Francisco,  to  make  world  history  for 
the  cause  of  international  peace  and  good 
will,  but  that's  gone  with  the  wind. 

I  don't  like  living  alone,  so  I  think  I 
shall  join  the  Commonwealth  Club.  Its 
members  are  talking  of  an  Asia  House 
where  they  can  expand  their  inter-racial 
contacts — with  no  constitutional  amend- 
ment to  restrict  them!  I  doff  my  bonnet 
to  Mrs.  Richard  Simons,  Mrs.  W.  F.  C. 
Zimmerman,  Mrs.  Letitia  Farber  and 
Mrs.  S.  S.  Abrams,  leaders  in  the  losing 
batde.  Thank  goodness,  I  can  still  do 
that. 

•         • 

PEACEMINDEDNESS 

Speaking  of  peace  and  goodwill,  500 
people  braved  a  driving  rainstorm  to 
get  to  Dreamland  Auditorium  on  a  re- 
cent evening  to  hear  Maude  Royden 
(only  woman  D.  D.  in  England),  and 
Sherwood  Eddy,  both  eminent  workers 
for  world  peace,  tell  them  to  keep  Amer- 
ica out  of  war  and  to  keep  war  out  of  the 
world. 

War  is  not  only  poor  business  but  it 
makes  the  world  less  safe  for  democracy, 
as  we  have  already  learned.  War  gives 
nothing,  takes  everything,  and  costs  like 
anything.  Woman  can  prevent  war  if 
they  make  up  their  minds  not  to  send 
their  sons  to  be  killed  for  other  people's 
quarrels.  And,  we  can  all  fight  it  by 
(Continued   on    Page    11) 


FASHION  TIDBITS 
Prevue  of  the  Easter  Parade 

Spring  is  here  And  how  do  we  know  ? 
In  the  midst  of  February  sunshine  and 
showers,  haven't  we  seen  a  sprig  of 
daphne  pinned  to  a  smart  lapel  (or  if 
you'll  digest  the  latest  Paris  note,  you'll 
be  doubly  smart  by  pinning  on  two 
boutonnieres,  one  for  each  of  your  own 
smart  lapels)  and  aren't  hyacinths  and 
tulips,  true  forerunners  of  spring,  bloom- 
ing gaily  in  florist  show  windows: 

But  we  aren't  too  enchanted  by  the 
season's  loveliness  to  note  that  brilliant, 
flower-splashed  prints  are  appearing  all 
over  the  landscape  from  smart  Grant 
Avenue  stores  to  equally  smart  Market 
Street  shops.  And  for  you  blessed  souls 
who  are  determined  to  have  your  Easter 
outfit  in  all  its  glory  and  perfection  it 
isn't  a  bit  too  early  to  plan  it  now. 

To  begin  with,  choose  the  basic  note 
of  your  costume,  and  mind  that  cos- 
tumes are  THE  essential  this  year.  The 
standard  trio  is  navy,  beige,  and  grey, 
with  perhaps  the  first  two  running  a 
shade  ahead  in  milady's  favor  .  .  .  any- 
how you  can't  go  wrong  with  any  of 
them.  For  those  fair  one  (and  we  mean 
"fair"  both  literally  and  figuratively)  an 
experiment  with  the  new  thistle  shade 
might  prove  helpful.  This  definitely  es- 


tablished color  is  a  cross  between  a  dulled 
orchid  and  ashes-of-roses.  And  it  com- 
bines beautifully  with  navy. 

Now  you  can  let  your  imagination 
run  rampant  on  your  splashy  prints  or 
solid  color  dresses.  Boleros  and  reding- 
otes  can't  be  beaten  in  point  of  popular- 
ity. Necklines  are  either  very  high  or 
very  low.  They  may  be  trimmed  with 
lingerie  touches  or  unadorned  .... 
that's  up  to  you.  Skirt  lengths  vary  from 
13  to  14  inches  from  the  ground.  For 
you  'n  me,  12  or  13  inches  are  dandy. 
Don't  be  afraid  of  shortening  your  last 
year's  skirts  ...  a  few  inches  may  be  the 
difference  between  your  looking  "Oh, 
pret-ty  good"  and  really  chic. 

Suits  are  going  bigger  than  ever  in 
the  fashion  limelight  BUT  get  yours 
with  excellent  fabric  and  tailoring  be- 
cause it  is  something  you'll  derive  joy 
from  each  time  it  returns  from  a  trip  to 
the  cleaner's  .  .  .  it'll  have  that  "just 
bought  today'  look.  The  charming  feat- 
ure about  suits  is  that  you  can  vary  them 
with  a  change  of  accessories  .  .  .  that's 
real  economy.  AND,  speaking  of  ac- 
cessories, those  are  all-important  little 
things  that  can  make  or  mar  an  outfit. 
Hats,  thank  heaven,  are  styled  with  the 
idea  of  being  becoming  as  well  as  attrac- 
Continued  on  Page  11) 


SOMMER  &  KAUFMANN    DIXIE  DEB 

DAYTIME  STYLES 


5.50 


Dashing  street  and  afternoon 
shoes  ...  in  patents,  kids  and 
gabardines!  Smart  new  cos- 
tume colors,  too.  Priced  mo- 
destly at  just 5.50 

Market    St.    Store,    only 


119   GIANT  AVI. 


lit  MARKET 


March,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  11 


THE     ]ADE     BOX 


GOOD  RICE 

AND  HOW  TO  COOK  IT 


handed  down  from  generation  to  gener- 
ation, the  question  of  how  much  water 
should  be  used  is  answered  by  "experi- 
ence"— depending  on  the  grade  and  type 
of  rice  used — and,  ladies,  therein  lies  the 
secret  of  cooking  rice  that  is  rice  and  not 
mush.  It  is,  however,  safe  to  say  that 
the  amount  of  water  should  not  rise 
more  than  one  to  one  and  a  half  inches 
above  the  grains. 

The  pot  is  put  on  a  medium  fire.  Al- 
low it  to  simmer  rapidly  until  all  the 
water  has  evaporated.  Refrain  from  lift- 
ing cover  to  peek  at  it,  but  as  soon  as  you 
hear  it  crackling,  turn  the  fire  very  low. 

Your  worries  are  now  over.  You  may 
tune  in  on  Ben  Bernie  or  even  finish  a 
few  squares  of  that  quilt  you  started — 
was  it  last  Spring? 

Come  back  in  20  minutes.  Lift  up  the 
cover,  and  you  have  a  pot  of  rice  fit  for 
the  KING — of  your  household  and  your 
heart! 

FASHION  TIDBITS 

(Continued  from  Page  10) 
tively  feminine  to  all  of  us  rather  than 
to  just  a  few.  We've  previewed  the  new 
collection  and,  take  our  word  for  it,  it's 
de-lovely. 

Luise  Rainer  as  O-lan  in  the  "Good 
Earth"  does  not  have  to  worry  about  her 
clothes  from  one  season  to  another,  but, 


Beggar,  commoner,  lord,  or  king,  one 
can  hardly  resist  a  bowl  of  steaming  hot 
rice.  So  it  was  with  Wang  Lung  in  "The 
Good  Earth."  Perhaps  you  wondered 
how  he  could  relish  so  many  bowls  of 
rice — why,  you  even  thought:  it's  just 
like  eating  plain  boiled  potatoes  with 
neither  salt,  cream,  nor  butter. 

Ah!  But  Wang  Lung  is  eating  rice 
prepared  the  way  it  has  been  prepared 
for  as  many  thousands  of  years  in  China 
as  you  can  count  on  your  ten  little  fingers 
— the  way  the  finest  culinary  wizards 
prepared  it  for  the  emperors — the  way 
the  peasant  woman  cooks  it  for  her  fam- 
ily— the  way  we  cook  it  in  San  Fran- 
cisco's Chinatown. 

We  think  of  it  as  a  simple  everyday 
operation.  But  many  of  us  have  often 
asked,  "How  do  YOU  Chinese  cook 
rice?" 

To  which  we  endeavor  to  explain: 

First,  use  an  ordinary  covered  pot, 
NOT  a  double  boiler.  Next,  the  grains 
must  be  cleaned  and  rinsed  until  the 
water  runs  clear.  (China  rice  is  a  finer, 
smaller  and  shorter  grain,  and  not  as 
glutinous  as  Texas  or  California  rice.) 

Since  the  art  of  Chinese  cooking  is 

CONGRATULATIONS 

CHINESE    TALENTS   IN   THE    "GOOD   EARTH" 

Direct  importers  of  Chinese  fine  arts,  antique,  brocades, 

embroideries,  Mandarin  coats  and  skirts,  Chinese  garments  made 

to  order,  jewelries. 


PEACEMINDEDNESS 

(Continued  from  Page  10) 
making  the  world  peaceminded  by  con- 
verging on  these  three  fronts:  educa- 
tion, organization,  and  paying  for  peace. 
After  all,  isn't  it  better  to  pay  for  peace 
than  to  pay  for  war?  Authoress  Kath- 
leen Norris,  chairman  of  the  meeting, 
thought  so  and  so  did  I.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  who  doesn't?  Only,  we  need  people 
to  help  us  think  so,  especially  people  like 
Maude  Royden  and  Sherwood  Eddy. 

Chinese  philosophy,  too,  can  help  us 
on  the  road  toward  peacemindeness. 
Twenty-three  hundred  years  ago  the 
great  Mencius  made  this  observation: 
"There  has  never  been  a  good  war, 
though  some  may  be  considered  as  being 
better  than  others.  Those  who  are  skilled 
in  fighting  should  suffer  the  highest  pun- 
ishment. Even  if  they  should  succeed  in 
conquering  a  whole  empire,  they  could 
not  keep  it  a  single  day." 

World  history  since  Mencius'  time  has 
amply  proven  how  true  this  philoso- 
pher's words  were. 

fortunately  or  unfortunately,  you  'n  I 
have  to.  We've  previewed  the  coming 
trend  in  feminine  fashions,  and  your 
Easter  will  be  all  the  more  happier  if 
you  choose  the  proper  costume  to  wear. 


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Page   12 


CHINESE      DICEST 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


March,   1937 


AN  INSIDE  VIEW  OF  A 
MOTION  PICTURE  STUDIO 

An  interview  with  Mr.  Frank  Tang, 
art  technician,  "The  Good  Earth," 
M-G-M  Studios,  Culver  City,  Calif. 

A  great  deal  of  glamour  is  wrapped 
around  Hollywood  and  a  great  deal  of 
praise  is  lavished  on  the  picture  stars, 
yet  there  is  a  large  group  of  people  in 
the  studio  that  seldom  gets  into  the 
papers  but  who  have  much  to  do  to 
bring  the  motion  picture  industry  to 
where  it  stands  today.  A  studio  will 
spare  no  expense  to  get  at  the  authen- 
ticity of  a  scene,  and  they  will  comb  the 
far  corners  of  the  world  to  obtain  the 
original  background  for  a  worthwhile 
picture. 

"The  Good  Earth"  is  considered  one 
of  these  painstaking  productions,  re- 
quiring three  years  to  complete  and  an 
expenditure  of  over  two  and  a  half  mil- 
lion dollars. 

Before  the  production  of  "The  Good 
Earth"  was  started,  200,000  feet  of  film 
were  taken  in  China  to  guide  the  work 
of  the  art  department  of  M-G-M  in 
building  the  sets  for  the  picture.  Exten- 
sive research  into  the  customs  of  China 
for  the  past  40  years  was  undertaken  to 
insure  the  authenticity  of  the  scenes  in 
the  picture. 

Sociological  Data  called  on  Mr.  Frank 
Tang,  artist,  calligrapher,  and  a  member 
of  the  technical  staff  of  the  art  depart- 
ment of  M-G-M  to  describe  some  of  the 
'behind  the  stage"  scenes  of  a  motion 
picture  production  for  the  readers  of  the 
Chinese  Digest. 

Mr.  Tang  has  spent  something  like  15 
years  in  the  motion  picture  mecca,  be- 
ginning as  a  screen  extra  and  working 
up  to  his  present  position.  He  is  one  of 
the  very,  very  few  Chinese  who  knows 
all  the  intricate  and  complicated  machin- 
ery which  is  necessary  in  the  making  of 
pictures.  But  let  Mr.  Tang  speak  in  his 
own  words. 

"When  the  script  of  the  picture  is  ap- 
proved by  the  producers  and  a  director 
has  been  selected,"  relates  Mr.  Tang,  "it 
goes  to  the  art  department  first — this  de- 
partment is  often  called  the  intelligence 
department  in  the  studios.  The  head  of 
the  art  department  finds  the  most  capa- 
ble unit  art  directors  to  supervise  the 
drafting  of  the  plans  for  construction. 
These  unit  art  directors  consult  with  the 
artists  and  draftsmen  and  have  the  mod- 
els of  the  various  sets  built.  These  sets 
are  submitted  to  the  director  of  produc- 
tion for  approval. 

"At  this  point  the  camera  angles  are 


LIM  P.  LEE 


The  street  scene  during  the  revolution  as  depicted  in  "The  Good  Earth." 
The  banners  by  Frank  Tang  furnish  the  real  Chinese  touch,  saving  M-G-M 
thousands  of  dollars  by  eliminating  the  necessity  of  an  elaborate  set. 


worked  out  to  guide  the  director  and 
the  cameraman.  If  so  approved  by  them, 
such  plans  are  moved  to  the  construc- 
tion department.  When  the  construction 
department  completes  the  job,  the  as- 
sembling is  done  in  the  mill  and  prop- 
erly painted.  The  property  department 
sends  the  'props'  over  and  the  'set  is 
dressed.'  Then  the  actors  are  called  in 
and  the  set  is  ready  for  shooting." 

"What  constitutes  a  'set'  in  Holly- 
wood?" I  asked  Mr.  Tang. 

"A  set  is  a  complete  atmosphere  where 
action  can  take  place,  such  as  the  Chi- 
nese village  in  "The  Good  Earth"  lo- 
cated at  Chatsworth,  or  Wang  Lung's 
farmhouse  in  that  village,  or  the  Shrine 
of  the  gods.  All  these  are  sets." 

Since  the  coming  of  talking  pictures 
a  great  deal  of  progress  has  been  made 
in  the  sound  work  of  the  movies.  The 
music  to  accompany  a  production  like 
"The  Good  Earth"  must  have  been  a 
complicated  matter,  so  I  asked  Mr.  Tang 
to  comment  on  this  phase  of  motion  pic- 
ture production,  since  "The  Good 
Earth"  being  foreign  in  background 
must  have  rendered  the  task  an  exceed- 
ingly difficult  one. 

"The  musical  score  was  made  by  Mr. 
Herbert  Stothart,  who  has  done  success- 
ful work  in  such  productions  as  'Rose- 
Marie,'  'Naughty  Marietta,'  'Night  at 
the  Opera,'  and  others.  Mr.  Sothart's 
plan  was  to  use  Occidental  principles  in 
music,  work  for  dramatic  effects  through 
instrumentation,  and  bring  the  Chinese 
flavor  with  subtle  introduction  of 
minors,  and  changes  in  tempo,  and  in 


some  cases  melodic  strains  based  on  Chi- 
nese themes.  The  music  scoring  was 
done  by  an  American  orchestra  with  a 
group  of  Chinese  musicians  playing  na- 
tive music.  The  Chinese  were  asked  to 
play  by  themselves,  then  the  Americans 
tried  to  play  the  Chinese  melodies  so 
that  the  composers  could  get  the  idea 
of  Chinese  music  in  their  head.  This  is 
the  chief  reason  why  'The  Good  Earth' 
is  more  true  to  the  music  of  China  than 
any  other  Chinese  picture  so  far  shown 
on  the  American  screen." 

"Who  were  the  technicians,  men  and 
women  who  were  responsible  for  the 
production  of  "The  Good  Earth'  but  of 
whom  we  do  not  read  about  in  the 
papers?"  Mr.  Tang  was  asked. 

"There's  Mrs.  Cedric  Gibbons,  the 
head  of  the  art  department  of  M-G-M, 
and  the  unit  art  directors,  the  Messrs, 
Harry  Oliver.  Arnold  Gillespie,  and  Ed- 
win B.  Willis,  all  conscientious  workers 
whom  I  have  enjoyed  working  with. 
There's  Mr.  John  Arnold,  camera  chief 
whose  'light  library'  gave  many  new 
camera  angles  to  Mr.  Karl  Freund,  A.  S. 
C,  chief  cameraman  of  the  production. 
He  is  one  ot  Europe's  greatest  camera- 
men. The  scenarist  was  Miss  Fra 
Marion,  and  Mr.  Frank  Messenger  was 
the  capable  production  manager.  Tl 
arc  a  tew  of  the  'unsung  heroes'  of  'The 
Good  Earth.'  The  recording  director 
was  Douglas  Shearer.  Among  our  own 
people  on  the  technical  staff  were  Major 
General  Tu  Ting  I  [sui,  Mr.  lames  Zee — 
Min  Lee.  .\nd  Yet  On.  the  practical 
farmer,  who  built  the  Chinese  farm  at 
Chatsworth." 

( Continued  on  Page  17) 


March,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page   13 


SAMPAN   AND  CARAVAN 


CHINA'S  CREDIT  STANDING 

The  national  unification  of  China  has 
stabilized  her  finances  and  her  credit 
standing  abroad  is  sound.  Unofficial  re- 
ports from  Nanking  stated  that  China 
has  paid  $200,000,000  Chinese  currency 
on  her  foreign  loans  in  1936.  It  is  also 
reliably  reported  that  China  has  $300,- 
000,000  in  foreign  banks  in  China  and 
another  $500,000,000  abroad  based  on 
bullion  and  foreign  securities. 

The  three  government  banks,  namely, 
the  Bank  of  China,  the  Central  Bank  of 
China,  and  the  Bank  of  Communica- 
tions have  been  operating  exchange  in 
a  favorable  manner  after  having  been 
granted  the  right  by  the  government  to 
buy  and  sell  foreign  exchange  in  un- 
limited quantity  dictated  by  the  needs 
of  changing  conditions.  The  funds  in 
the  foreign  banks  enable  the  government 
to  cover  its  foreign  trade  balances  ade- 
quately. 

The  monetary  system  in  China  seems 
to  be  firmly  established  since  its  inaugu- 
ration in  November,  1935,  and  the  na- 
tionalization of  private  silver  holdings 
enabled  the  Ministry  of  Finance  to  give 
to  China  a  managed  currency,  and  the 
Chinese  yuan  for  the  past  year  has  been 
consistently  maintained  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  $29.75  gold. 

The  profits  of  the  government  banks 
for  1936  were,  Central  Bank  of  China, 
$10,000,000;  Bank  of  Communications, 
$10,000,000;  the  Bank  of  China,  $3,000,- 
000. 

•         • 

Shanghai,  China— Mr.  T.  J.  Holt, 
vice-president  and  general  manager  of 
Shanghai  United  Amusements,  Inc.,  ar- 
rived in  the  United  States  recendy 
aboard  the  Empress  of  Japan,  to  spend 
a  year  abroad  in  the  interests  of  the  Chi- 
nese Ministry  of  Education. 

A  pioneer  in  the  Chinese  cinema  in- 
dustry, Mr.  Holt  was  appointed  to  make 
a  study  of  the  American  and  European 
moving  picture  industry  and  will  spend 
considerable  time  in  Hollywood  and 
New  York.  He  is  also  endeavoring  to 
interest  Hollywood  in  sending  their 
script  containing  Chinese  parts  to  China 
for  approval,  thus  eliminating  much  of 
the  censorship  placed  on  American  films 
due  to  unfavorable  impressions  por- 
trayed of  the  Chinese. 

The  "Good  Earth"  is  the  first  picture 
to  be  accorded  official  Chinese  apprvoal. 

He  was  greeted  while  in  San  Francisco 
by  his  son,  John,  who  is  enrolled  at  the 
University  of  California. 


RAILROAD  PROGRESS  IN  CHINA 

A  series  of  foreign  loans  have  been 
concluded  recently  by  the  Ministry  of 
Railway  in  Nanking  for  further  railroad 
developments  in  China.  A  loan  was  con- 
cluded with  the  Campagnie  Generale  de 
Chemin  de  Fer  et  Tramways  en  Chine, 
a  Belgian  concern,  for  $5,000,000  for  the 
purchase  of  railway  materials  for  the 
extension  of  the  Lunghai  railway  from 
Paochi  in  Shensi  province  to  Chengtu 
in  Szechuan  province.  A  French  syndi- 
cate, the  Banqua  Franco-Chinoise  pour 
le  Commerce  et  L'Industrie,  will  furnish 
$34,000,000  to  build  a  railway  from 
Chungking,  at  the  head  of  the  Yangtse, 
to  Chengtu.  Chinese  capital  will  advance 
$20,000,000  to  complete  the  project. 

From  the  British  Boxer  Indemnity 
Funds,  $13,500,000  were  obtained  for 
railway  materials  for  the  Canton-Han- 
kow Railway  in  an  agreement  between 
the  Ministry  of  Railway  and  the  Board 
of  Trustees  for  the  administration  of  that 
Fund,  the  Hangkong  and  Shanghai 
Banking  Corp.,  and  the  Jardine  Engi- 
neering Corp.  A  dispatch  from  Berlin 
also  reported  that  the  German  firms  con- 
sisting of  Ferrostahl,  Friedrick  Krupp, 
Stahlunion-Export  and  Otto  Wolf  have 
concluded  an  agreement  to  build  a  625 
mile  line  from  Chuchow,  Hunan  prov- 
ince, to  Kweiyang,  Kweichow  province. 

ALONG  CHINA'S 
ECONOMIC  FRONT 

China  is  the  United  States'  best  cus- 
tomer in  airplanes  for  1936,  according  to 
the  U.  S.  Chamber  of  Commerce.  China 
bought  $6,872,000  worth  of  airplanes  in 
1936  as  compared  with  $4,590,000  in 
1935. 

•  • 

The  Chinese  National  Aviation  Cor- 
poration in  a  10-month  report  from  Jan- 
uary to  October  stated  that  the  company 
had  flown  2,018,064kilometers  in  1936 
as  compared  with  1,906,452  kilometers 
in  1935,  and  carried  14,817  passengers 
in  1936  as  compared  with  1 1,004  in  1935. 
However  freight  dropped  from  75,045 
kilograms  in  1935  to  60,541  in  1936. 

•  • 

The  Min  Foong  Paper  Manufacturing 
Co.  of  Shanghai  is  out  to  capture  some 
of  China's  $2,000,000  cigarette  paper 
trade.  They  were  producing  1,500  reams 
daily  or  420,000  reams  annually.  The 
company  doubled  its  machinery  to  pro- 
duce 840,000  reams  this  year. 


SAMPAN  NOTES  FROM  CHINA 

Nanking,  China — It  is  reported  that 
the  Ministry  of  Finance  has  recently  ac- 
ceded to  the  request  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Commerce  for  refunds  of 
duties  paid  on  American  films  but  which 
were  rejected  by  the  Central  Board  of 
Film  Censors.  The  decision  of  the  Min- 
istry will  be  made  public  as  soon  as  the 
approval  of  the  Central  Publicity  Bureau 
is  secured. 

•         • 

Products  valued  over  $20,000,000  were 
turned  out  by  Kwantung  Province  fac- 
tories. Some  of  the  leading  products  were 
sugar  commodities,  $7,000,000;  cement, 
$6,000,000  and  wolfram  ores,  $3,000,000. 

GREYHOUND 

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Examples    of    LOW   FARES    from 
SAN     FRANCISCO 

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DEPOT: 
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Page   14 


CHINESE      DICE  ST 


March,   1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


CONGRATULATIONS 
MARY     WONG 

as   Little  Bride'  in  Good  Earth 
and    our   Sales    Director 


CHINA      EMPORIUM 

'     DIRECT   IMPORTERS 
Wholesale  and   Retail 


Goods   from  all    parts   of  Ghina 
733   GRANT  AVE.         S.   F.,  CALIF. 


(Continued,  from  Page  7) 
and  the  body  or  garments  are  covered 
with  patterns  of  pierced  work.  The  pup- 
pets in  use  in  Java  today  are  probably 
derived  from  figures  of  this  period.  I 
have  no  doubt  but  that  some  form  of 
"mickey  mouse"  was  shown  at  that 
time,  especially  when  one  recalls  this 
popular  nursery  rhyme: 

"Cry  and  laugh,  cry  and  laugh; 
While  mousey  crosses  the  bridge 
And  flies  perform  the  Mass." 
The  highest  form  of  Chinese  screen 
drama   is    reached    with    the    "all-color 
talkies."  This  is  done  by  using  variously 
colored  horn  sheets  to  form  the  puppets. 
These  sheets  are  derived  from  the  horns 
of  the  water  buffalo  and  are  of  the  same 
material   as  those  used  in  the  famous 
horn  lanterns  of  China.  They  resemble 
cellophane,  but  are  stiff  and  heavier. 

The  puppets  are  generally  bare  figures 
with  hooks  on  the  bodv  and  limbs  for  the 


attachment  of  garments,  slots  across  the 
hands  for  insertion  of  tools  or  weapons, 
and  notches  on  the  head  for  attachment 
of  hats  or  caps,  and  even  for  beards  and 
whiskers.  Facial  features  are  painted  on 
with  Chinese  ink. 

There  is  generally  one  manipulator  for 
each  puppet  appearing  on  the  screen, 
and  he  gives  the  lines  of  his  characters 
as  well.  The  voice  is  identified  with  the 
character  by  appropriate  gestures  as  well 
as  by  certain  conventions,  such  as  a  low 
voice  for  a  general  and  a  falsetto  for  a 
lady.  It  is  necessary  for  the  figures  to  be 
very  close  to  the  screen  for  the  colors  to 
show  through  as  well  as  to  have  sharp 
definition.  For  this  reason  the  puppets 
are  moved  by  bamboo  sticks  attached  at 
right  angles  to  the  figure  instead  of  by 
strings  from  above.  On  the  screen  a  very 
pleasing  pastel  effect  is  produced. 

In  this  connection  it  is  interesting  to 
note  that  a  form  of  "radio  play"  is  given 


in  China  by  the  wealthy  for  the  enter- 
tainment of  their  guests.  A  loud 
speaker"  or  megaphone  is  placed  so  that 
the  mouth  piece  would  communicate 
with  an  adjacent  room  or  a  closet.  Gen- 
erally one  performer  gives  the  entire 
play,  although  sometimes  several  enter- 
tainers participate.  A  good  actor  could 
produce  many  sound  effects  with  little 
mechanical  aid. 

The  plays  uiven  are  so  similar  to  the 
modern  radio  play  .is  to  require  no  (k 
scription  except  that  thej  are  longer.  In 
comparison  with  the  traditional  Chines 
drama  it  is  more  exciting  and  is  given 
in  the  colloquial  dialect.  A  clever  enter- 
tainer will  often  make  up  his  plav  as  lie 
goes  along,  choosing  the  host's  hom<  as 
the  setting.  Sometimes  an  imaginary  es 
capade  or  burglary  is  described,  with 
different  members  of  the  patty  drawn 
into  the  ilra ma,  the  lover  or  thid  dodg 
ing others  from  room  to  room. 


March,  1937 


CHINESE       DICEST 


Page  15 


CHINATOWNIA 


A  WORLD  FAMOUS  CHINESE 
WROTE  THIS 

The  Gee  Tuck  Sam  Tuck  Chung 
Rung  Saw  is  an  organization  compos- 
ed of  three  different  clans  who  have 
binded  themselves  together  for  mutual 
interests  and  protection,  the  Choys, 
Ngs,  and  Jues.  The  local  as  well  as 
the  national  headquarters  are  located 
in  San  Francisco's  Chinatown,  on  Wa- 
verly  Place  (called  by  Chinese  the 
Street  of  the  T'ien  Hau  Temple).  After 
more  than  a  year's  efforts  and  through 
the  offices  of  influential  members  of 
the  group  in  Nanking,  the  Association 
was  able  to  get  Generalissimo  Chiang 
Kai-shek,  premier  of  China,  to  write 
the  above  Chinese  characters,  which  is 
the  name  of  the  association. 

This  having  been  written,  Chiang's 
calligraphy  was  indented  into  a  costly 
slab  of  marble  and  brought  over  here 
Before  taking  out  the  old  and  putting 
in  the  new  sign,  the  association  cleaned 
the  face  of  the  building,  lest  not  e- 
nough  honor  be  shown  the  personage 
who   wrote  the  name  in   marble. 

Now  this  new  marble  sign  looks 
down  on  the  street  from  the  top  floor 
of  the  association  headquarters.  Gen. 
Chiang  signed  the  title  with  his  second 
name,  Chiang  Chung-Ching. 

It  is  the  proud  boast  of  the  Gee 
Tuck  Association  that  their  title  is  the 
only  one  so  written  by  China's  most 
famous  soldier  and  statesman. 

^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•:«' 

*    LOTUS     BOWL    I 
X  * 

X  626  Grant  Avenue  * 

•  V 

ANNOUNCES  % 

SPECIAL     DINNERS  % 

%  ♦ 

|    $10.00  and  up  serves    * 
ten  people  % 

♦«♦        (One   day   notice   necessary)        !«* 
v  j»# 

China  1999  * 

%ALSO  % 

X  ♦:♦ 

•••Complete  Course  Lunches     35cents.> 

♦>  * 

♦  Dinners,  45  and  60  cents  V 

*  * 

♦  Beautiful  Dining  Room  % 
t  Tasty  Smartf 


.^Chinese  Digest  Photo 


&WILBERT  WONG 


W.  JACK  CHOWgi 


Fine    Printing  * 

t  Expertly  Done  and  with  % 
•:•  c        j  * 

♦  Speed  * 

•♦♦Invitations,  dance  bids,  raffle  tickets,* 

«J.  V 

♦••  •*♦ 

.♦.student  body  cards,  letterheads  and»> 
♦*♦  ♦•• 

X    envelopes,  personal  and  business    .j* 


|   "WHERE  FRIENDLY  SPIRITS   REIGN"  | 
|     CHINATOWNS   MOST  COLORFUL     | 

COCKTAIL    LOUNGE 
©916  GRANT  AVE.  SAN  FRANCISCO© 


cards 


!    BOCK   NCAR   CHY    % 


X920  Grant  Ave. 


S.  F.  Cal.  % 


>*t«»>»to.>*>»%»>»2m>>*:*« 


■♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦i 


TO     PAUL     MUNI 


FROM    HIS    ADMIRING  STEWARD 


uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiniiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiM 


nimTnTiTir^tinrmnilintll^ 


rjge  16 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


March,   1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


HOSPITALIZATION  FIGURES 

SAN  FRANCISCO.— A  total  of  556 
patients,  including  private  and  charity 
patients,  were  admitted  for  treatment 
and  hospitalization  at  the  community's 
Chinese  Hospital  here  during  1936. 
Treatment  of  private  or  pay  patients 
totaled  4808  days,  while  part-pay  pa- 
tients totaled  856  days.  Two  hundred 
seventy-six  visits  were  recorded  in  the 
out-patient  clinic. 

Babies  born  in  the  hospital  totaled  71, 
including  34  boys  and  37  girls.  The 
number  of  deaths  in  the  hospital  for  the 
whole  year  was  67. 

Mr.  Lee  Sing  Hing,  well-known  mer- 
chant, heads  the  board  of  15  directors 
for  the  year  1937. 


The  Chinese  Motor  Manufacturing 
Company  with  a  capital  of  $6,000,000 
has  been  organized  at  Pang  Sung  Yuan 
in  Nantao  (a  suburb  of  Shanghai)  and 
has  already  commenced  operations.  With 
the  co-operation  of  a  German  firm,  it  will 
produce  100  trucks  a  month. 


CLEVELAND,  MISS.— The  Chinese 
community  here,  under  the  leadership  of 
the  Rev.  S.  Y.  Lee,  has  been  campaign- 
ing for  several  months  to  raise  funds 
with  which  to  build  a  Chinese  language 
school  for  the  children  of  the  residents. 
Thus  far  the  contributions  from  Ameri- 
can friends  and  business  concerns  as  well 
as  the  Chinese  in  surrounding  cities 
have  been  encouraging.  One  meat  com- 
pany, the  Abraham  Bros.  Packing  Co., 
has  pledged  that  for  every  dollar  spent 
by  Chinese  in  their  store  during  1937 
one-half  cent  will  go  toward  this  Chi- 
nese school  fund.  This  company  does 
an  annual  trade  of  $200,000  among  the 
Chinese  throughout  the  state. 


St.  John's  University  in  Shanghai, 
once  strictly  a  man's  academy  of  learn- 
ing, has  turned  co-educational.  Its  first 
Dean  of  Women  is  Mrs.  Caroline  Tsu, 


wife  of  Y.  Y.  Tsu,  well-known  educator. 
Some  of  China's  national  leaders  today 
are  graduates  of  St.  John's. 


AFTER 

THE 

GOOD 

EARTH 

COMES 

GOOD 

LIQUOR 

GOOD 

SERVICE 

GOOD 

TIMES 

AT     THE 

TWIN     DRAGON 


CONGRATULATIONS      TO      GOOD       EARTH       NUMBER 
AND      TO      NEW  EDITOR      WILLIAM      HOY 


Father  Wang,  Wang  Lung,  and  Ching 


DR.   CHANG  WAH  LEE 

DENTIST 


750  Grant  Avenue 


San  Francisco 


March,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  17 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES  AND 
INVENTIONS 

(Continued  from  Page   6) 

moulding  into  wafers.  Its  taste  closely 
resembles  the  white  of  salted  duck's 
eggs.  It  serves  essentially  as  a  condiment 
for  the  rice  gruel. 

The  Chinese  anticipated  Metchni- 
koffs  idea  of  adding  lactic  bacillus  (the 
bacteria  found  in  the  digestive  tract  of 
healthy,  aged  Bulgarians)  to  milk.  A 
Chinese  mother,  on  the  first  birthday  of 
her  child,  would  bring  a  bowl  of  rice 
gruel  to  a  healthy  old  man  and  ask  him 
to  taste  it  before  feeding  it  to  her  infant. 
The  idea  is  to  let  a  bit  of  his  saliva  enter 
the  food,  thus  giving  the  child  the  "es- 
sence of  long  life!"  Chinese  mothers 
also  indirectly  modify  the  milk  diet  of 
their  children.  Infants  are  given  bits  of 
"wan  pin  ko,"  a  wafer  of  rice  flour  and 
sugar. 

The  question  arises  as  to  why  the  Chi- 
nese rejected  the  valuable  milk  complex 
of  her  neighbors.  The  general  explana- 
tion by  the  Chinese  is  that  humane 
reasons  prevented  them  from  eating  beef 
or  taking  milk  from  their  beasts  of  bur- 
den (the  water  buffalo  is  used  in  plow- 
ing). This  is,  of  course,  rationalization 
to  hide  the  natural  tendency  of  human 
beings  to  reject  what  is  foreign  to  their 
scheme  of  things.  But  it  is  a  rationaliza- 
tion which  has  gained  currency.  Public 
opinion  is  so  strong  against  the  slaugh- 
tering of  water  buffalo  (the  cattle  of  the 
Orient)  that  mobs  have  been  known  to 
seize  and  destroy  beef  when  found;  and 
magistrates  will  have  the  culprits 
flogged. 

A  more  likely  reason  is  economic.  The 
Chinese  have  found  by  long  experience 
that  hogs  may  be  raised  on  less  ground 
than  cattle.  It  will  eat  nearly  every  kind 
of  food.  In  addition,  the  soy  bean  culture 
has  already  a  firm  foothold  in  China, 
and  it  parallels  milk  in  all  its  various 
forms — cheese,  butter,  milk,  and  junket 
— and  this  hinders  the  transplantation  of 
a  foreign  rival. 

A  remote  reason  lies  in  the  hyper-sen- 
sitive smell  of  the  Chinese  toward  cer- 
tain types  of  odor.  Cattle,  sheep,  yak, 
and  buffalo  are  said  to  have  a  peculiarly 
disgusting  odor  called  "so,"  a  word 
which  might  be  translated  as  "rancid" 
or  "cheesy."  All  cattle  raisers  and  beef 
eaters  have  this  odor  and  only  "messa 
men"  can  detect  it.  Pearl  Buck,  in  her 
book  "The  Exile,"  tells  of  Chinese  who 
preferred  death  by  starvation  to  eating 
cheese  within  their  reach. 


Hon.  Consul-Ceneral  and  Mrs.  C. 
C.  Huang  at  the  World  Premiere  of 
the  "Good  Earth".  Many  notables 
and  stars  were  present.  Some  $15,- 
000  were  spent  in  lining  the  avenue 
leading  to  the  Carthay  Circle  Theater 
with  properties  from  the  Good  Earth 
Set. 


Reference:  Chinese  Materia  Medica, 
by  B.  E.  Read,  French  Book  Store.  Pen 
Ts'ao  of  the  Ming  Dynasty,  by  Li  Shih- 
chen.  Man  and  Culture,  by  Clark  Wiss- 
ler.  Read  also  Chinese  Soy  Bean  Cul- 
ture, soon  to  appear  in  these  columns. 


SOCIOLOGICAL  DATA— 

(Continued  from  Page  12) 

Changing  the  subject,  I  maneuvered 
Mr.  Frank  Tang  in  discussing  the  possi- 
bilities of  the  Chinese  making  motion 
pictures  in  Hollywood  and  elsewhere. 
He  answered: 

"The  Chinese  have  a  great  opportun- 
ity to  learn  how  to  make  good  pictures  if 
they  know  how  to  go  about  it.  The  big 
asset  is  that  they  are  so  near  Hollywood. 
Foreign  companies  with  large  financial 
backing  get  Hollywood  studios  to  help 
them,  and  they  even  send  their  men 
right  to  Hollywood  to  study." 

"Well,  what  about  the  'closed  shop' 
in  Hollywood?" 

"The  Chinese  could  organize  their 
own  companies,"  he  answered,  "and  em- 
ploy Hollywood  technicians  to  advise 
and  guide  them  in  their  productions,  but 
the  Chinese  must  produce  English- 
speaking  pictures  in  order  to  make 
money.  The  market  for  Cantonese  pic- 
tures is  too  small.  If  the  Chinese  utilize 
American  talent  and  technical  skill  and 
produce  English-speaking  pictures,  they 
can  increase  their  box-office  receipts. 
With  an  increase  in  revenue,  the  Chinese 
can  train  their  own  technical  staff  em- 
ploying American  instructors.  The  over- 
seas Chinese  can  experiment  with  this 
project  first,  and  when  they  are  success- 
ful they  can  return  to  China  and  help  in 
the  motion  picture  industry  back  home." 


Affiliated  Shop 

Telephone 

NATHAN  BENTZ 

Sutter  4652 

Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 

NATHAN 

BENTZ 

& 

CO. 

Philip  G. 

Bentz, 

Resident 

Partner 

Ancient  and  Modern 

43: 

'  and  441 

Grant  Ave. 

Works  of  Art  from  Cr 

iina 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Page   18 


CHINESE      DICEST 


March,    1937 


SPORTS 


Fr*d  George  Woo 


THREE  NANWAH  PLAYERS 
ON  FIRST  ALL-STARS 

Going  through  the  entire  league 
schedule  without  a  defeat,  the  Nan- 
wah  A.C.  of  San  Francisco  won  the 
second  annual  Wah  Ying  Bay  Re- 
gion Chinese  Basketball  champion- 
ship tournament,  which  was  recently 
concluded  after  seven  weeks  of  play 
at  the  Kezar  Pavilon  and  the  Burke's 
Gym.  Nanwah's  record  was  six  wins, 
and  as  a  result  of  the  winning  of  the 
title,  was  awarded  the  perpetual 
trophy    and    gold    medals. 

Shangtai  Coffee  Shop,  with  a  rec- 
ord of  five  victories  and  one  loss, 
captured  second  position,  with  the 
Troop  Three  Scouts  in  third  place 
and  the  Chinese  Y.M.C.A.  fourth. 

With  no  official  all-stars  to  be 
picked  by  the  league  sponsor,  the 
sports  department  of  the  Chinese 
Digest  presents  a  first  and  second 
string  mythical  all-stars: 

First  team:  Forwards:  Fred  H. 
Wong,  Nanwah,  and  John  Wong, 
Shangtai.  Center:  George  Lee,  Nan- 
wah. Guards:  Fred  Gok,  Nanwah, 
and  Stephen  Way,  St.  Mary's. 

Second  team:  Forwards:  Francis 
H.  Chin,  Scouts,  and  Allen  Lee  Po, 
Shangtai.  Center:  Earl  W°ng. 
Guards:  Ted  Chin,  Chinese  "Y", 
and  Don  Lee  Yuen,  Scouts. 

There  were  many  players  who 
merited  much  consideration  in  the 
selections,  and  were  hard  to  leave 
off  the  two  squads.  There  were  such 
outstanding  performers  as  Charles 
Louie,  Chan  Ying;  Silas  Chinn,  St. 
Mary's;  Richard  Wong,  St.  Mary's; 
Henry  Kan,  Scouts;  Albert  S.  Lee, 
Nanwah;  and  a  few  others  at  for- 
wards: Herbert  Tom,  Chinese  "Y' 
and  William  Chan,  Chan  Ying,  at 
center;  and  such  stalwart  guards  as 
George  Wong,  Nanwah;  Daniel 
Leong  and  Alfred  Gee,  of  Nulite; 
Edwin  Chan  of  Chan  Ying;  and 
Thomas  Yep  of  the  Chinese  "Y" 
five.  Placing  of  any  of  the  above 
mentioned  men  would  not  in  any  way 
weaken  the  strength  of  either  the 
first  or  second  teams. 
League  standings: 

Team  W.        L. 

Nanwah  6  0 

Shangtai  5  1 

Troop    Three   4  2 

Chinese  "Y" 3  3 

St.  Marv's  2  4 

Chan  Ying 1  5 

Nulite    0  6 


GAME  AND  DANCE 
AT  HANFORD 

Bakersfield's  Cathayans  basket- 
ball team  managed  to  eke  out  the  fast 
and  diminutive  Hanford  Students 
Club  by  a  score  of  31-27  after  an 
overtime  period.  Members  of  the 
student  clum  team  are:  James 
Dunn,  Henry  Leong,  Ernie  Wing, 
Dorian  Lew,  Woodrow  Wing,  Will- 
iam Ying,  Charles  Quinn,  William 
Dung,  Gilbert  Lee,  Richard  Wing 
and  Frank  Ko. 

Following  the  game,  a  gala  time 
was  had  by  all  those  attending  the 
dance  at  the  Veteran  Memorial 
Hall  at  Hanford,  dancing  to  the 
soft,  sweet  music  of  The  Roser's. 

The  dance,  sponsored  as  the  first 
social  undertaking  of  the  newly-or- 
ganized Chinese  student  club,  was 
under  the  leadership  of  the  follow- 
ing officers:  James  Dunn,  president; 
Grace  Ying,  vice-president;  Maye 
Gong,  secretary;  William  Lowe, 
treasurer;  and  Henry  Leong,  man- 
ager of  athletics. 

SPORTSHORTS 

William  Wong  (You  Kwock^  of 
San  Francisco  is  a  professional 
fighter,  battling  under  the  name  of 
Young  William.  He's  been  fighting 
quite  regularly,  and  is  a  fair  pros- 
pect to  make  a  name  for  himself  .  .  . 
On  the  West  Alameda  ground  of 
the  Golden  Gate  Gun  Club,  several 
Chinese  have  been  ranking  high  in 
skeet  shooting.  They  are  Mack 
Soo  Hoo,  Dr.  D.  K.  Chang,  and  Art 
Wong.  Dr.  Chang  is  quite  a  trap 
shooter,  also  .  .  .  Hock  Ong,  by  win- 
ning his  matches,  led  the  Berkeley 
Badminton  Club  to  the  Northern 
California  Badminton  League  title 
at  Oakland  last  month.  Together 
with  George  Lee  they  won  the  Uni- 
versity Badminton  championship  for 
the  Chinese  Student  Club.  Ong  is 
a  former  student  at  Cambridge  Uni- 
versity and  was  runner-up  for  the 
All-England  championship  last  year 
.  .  .  Both  the  Shangtai  and  Nanwah 
quintets  have  been  eliminated  from 
championship  consideration  in  the 
San  Francisco  Recreation  Cage 
League  .  .  .  Robert  Chin,  Edwin 
Bing  Dong  and  Paul  Oka  of  the 
Chinese  C.Y.O.  (St.  Mary's)  took 
part  in  the  P.  A.  A.  Junior  boxing 
tournament,  and  did  quite  well  in 
(Continued  on  Page  20) 


FRANCIS  CHIN  CAPTURES 
HIGH  SCORING  HONORS 

Francis  Hin  Chin  of  the  Troop 
Three  Scouts,  by  scoring  a  total  of 
61  points,  captured  high  scoring 
honors  in  the  recent  Wah  Ying  Cage 
Tournament.  Second  place  went  to 
George  Lee  of  Nanwah,  third  place 
was  taken  by  Fred  Wong,  also  of 
Nanwah.  Johnny  Wong  of  Shangtai 
took  fourth  by  tanking  fifty  digits. 

Following  are  the  players  who 
scored  twenty  points  or  more  in  the 
league:  Francis  H.  Chin,  Troop 
Three,  61;  George  Lee,  Nanwah,  57; 
Fred  Wong,  Nanwah,  56;  Johnny 
Wong,  50;  Allen  Lee  Po,  Shangtai, 
48;  Earl  Wong,  Troop  Three,  47; 
Chauncey  Yip,  Shangtai,  44;  Rich- 
ard Wong,  St.  Mary's,  42;  Herbert 
Tom,  Chinese  "Y",  39;  Henry  Kan, 
Troop  Three,  35;  Albert  S.  Lee, 
Nanwah,  34;  Silas  Chin,  St.  Mary's, 
33;  Ted  Chin,  Chinese  "Y",  31; 
Charles  Louie,  Chan  Ying,  31;  Bing 
Chin,  Chinese  "Y",  29;  Charles  Low, 
St.  Mary's,  28;  Henry  Mew,  Chan 
Ying,  28;  Philip  Chinn,  Troop 
Three,  28;  Charlie  Hing.  Shangtai, 
27;  Frank  Lee,  Chinese  "Y",  25;  Don 
Lee  Yuen,  Troop  Three,  24;  Fred 
Gok,  Nanwah,  24;  William  Chan, 
Chan  Ying,  23;  Wilfred  Jue  Yuen, 
Nulite,  22;  Edwin  Chan,  Chan  Ying, 
22;  Stephen  Way,  St.  Mary's,  21; 
Murphy  Quon,  Shangtai,  20. 
•  • 

ST.  MARY'S  WALLOPS 
O.C.A.C.  HOOPMEN 

By  a  score  of  30-19.  the  St.  Mary's 
A.C.  basketeers  handed  the  Oakland 
Chinese  A.C.  a  trimming  at  the 
French  Court  on  Sunday,  February 
14,  in  a  Chinese  New  Year's  basket- 
ball  attraction. 

With  Charles  Low  leading  the  at- 
tack, the  Saints  forged  to  an  early 
lead  from  which  they  were  never 
headed.  Jimmy  Chew,  Richard  Wong 
and  Stephen  also  played  bang-up 
ball  for  the  winners.  The  losers'  out- 
standing performer  was  Gum  Wong, 
center. 

In  the  preliminary,  the  St.  M.irv's 
twenties  lost  to  the  Chung  Wah  Chi- 
nese School  '20s.  Final  score  was 
26-19.  For  the  winning  outfit, 
George  Lee  and  Fay  Lee  starred, 
while  for  St.  Mary's,  Charles  Low 
and  Otto  Fung  gave  creditable  per- 
formances. 


March,  1937 


CHINESE       D  '.  «  E  S  T 


Page   19 


SPORTS 


CHINESE  "Y"  VARSITY 

Led  by  Bing  Chin  and  Frank 
Wong,  forwards,  the  Chinese 
Y.M.C.A.  varsity  hoopsters  nosed 
out  the  S.F.J. C.  Chinese,  26-23  at 
the  French  Court,  Sunday  night, 
Feb.  21. 

On  defense,  Thomas  Yep  starred 
for  the  winners.  Stephen  Way  and 
Arthur  Yim  stood  out  for  the  junior 
collegians. 

In  the  main  preliminary,  the  Chi- 
nese "Y"  junior  varsity  lost  to  Fran- 
cisco Junior  High  School.  Final 
tally  was  20-19.  Ye  Foo  tanked  the 
winning  goal  for  the  school  team. 

The  Chinese  "Y"  80's  scored  an 
8-4  victory  over  the  Flying  Eagles 
in  another  preliminary  tilt.  Maurice 
Young  and  Henry  Sing  Wong  were 

outstanding  for  the  winning  five. 

•         • 

GOLF  HANDICAP  TOURNEY 

The  third  annual  Chinese  Golf 
Handicap  Tournament  this  year  is 
scheduled  for  Feb.  28.  With  the 
contestants  qualifying  on  Feb.  20  to 
allow  time  for  handicap  adjust- 
ments, a  large  field  is   expected. 

Trophies  have  been  donated  by 
the  Emporium  and  the  National 
Dollar  Stores,  while  golf  balls  will 
be  sought  by  those  left  out  of  the 
running.  The  trophies  have  been 
displayed,  according  to  the  commit- 
tee. 

Information  for  joining  the  golf 
tourney  were  to  have  been  obtained 
from  M.C.C.  Wing,  Dr.  James  Hall, 
or  Thomas  Leong,  at  the  Postal 
Office,  at  Grant  Avenue  and  Sacra- 
mento Street. 

Match    play    will    begin    Sunda  • 
February   28,   at  noon.     No   gallery 
fee.    Sixteen  contestants. 
•  • 

SPRING  TENNIS  TOURNA- 
MENT STARTS  ON  MARCH  20 

Sponsored  by  Chinese  Consul 
General  C.  C.  Huang,  the  first 
Spring  Chinese  Tennis  Tournament 
will  get  under  way  on  Saturday, 
March  20.  Under  the  auspices  of 
the  Chinese  Tennis  Club,  the  tour- 
ney will  conclude  on  March  27. 

It  has  been  announced  that  first 
and  second  permanent  prizes  will 
be  awarded  in  the  various  events. 

Further  details  may  be  obtained 
at  the  Chinese  Tennis  Club  at  876 
Sacramento  Street,  from  Hattie 
Hall. 


__ Chinese  Digest  Photo 

CHINATOWNS  KNIGHTS  OF  THE  HARMONIOUS  FISTS  IN  ACTION 
Two  pictures  showing  St.  Mary's  Chinese  boxing  team  in  practice  in  the 
gymnasium  of  the  Chinese  Catholic  Center.  The  flyweights  are,  left,  Joe 
Yew  and  Richard  Tung  (lower  picture),  while  the  heavier  sockers  are  Edwin 
Bing  Chin  and  Robert  Chin. 

The  boxing  team  is  coached  by  Sammy  Lee,  formerly  known  in  professional 
fight  circles  as  Hip  Sing  Lee.  Sammy  is  entering  his  proteges  in  the  coming 
CYO  (Catholic  Youth  Organiation)  boxing  tournament,  and  his  hopes  are 
high.  Besides  the  four  boys  shown  above,  Sammy  has  another  dozen  in 
active  training. 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


March,   1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINA  PRESS  JUBILEE 
EDITION  ON  SALE 

Last  October  the  China  Press  of 
Shanghai,  an  English  daily  founded  by 
an  American  journalist  and  now  edited 
by  Chinese,  celebrated  its  25th  anniver- 
sary. On  that  date,  also,  China  cele- 
brated the  25th  year  of  its  life  as  a  re- 
public. 

Upon  that  occasion  the  China  Press 
put  out  a  special  Jubilee  Edition  in  mag- 
azine form  measuring  15  by  20  inches, 
and  containing  204  pages  of  reading 
material.  Fully  86  articles  made  up  its 
contents,  with  many  illustrations.  The 
articles  discussed  practically  every  phase 
in  China's  reconstruction  work  today, 
economic,  industrial,  scientific,  cultural, 
political,  social,  and  educational.  Sev- 
eral also  dealt  with  past  and  present 
journalism  in  China. 

Although  published  more  than  four 
months  ago,  no  copies  of  this  edition  ar- 
rived in  this  country  until  recently,  so 
great  was  the  demand  for  them  in  China, 
where  the  price  was  $10  Chinese  cur- 
rency per  copy. 

Recently  a  consignment  of  100  copies 
of  this  Silver  Jubilee  Edition  of  the 
China  Press  arrived  in  San  Francisco, 
and  the  Chinese  Digest  has  been  author- 
ized to  handle  their  sale. 

The  price  is  $2.50  per  copy,  as  long  as 
they  last,  including  postal  charges. 
Readers  may  call,  phone  or  mail  in  their 
orders  with  their  checks  for  copies. 


SPORTSHORTS 

(Continued  from  Page  18) 
their  first  appearances  among  classy 
competition  ...  In  a  practice  game, 
Arnold  Lim  led  the  Chinese  "Y" 
tens  to  a  31-25  win  over  the  Mission 
"Y"  110's  at  the  Chinese  Y.M.C.A. 
court  last  week.  Lim  rang  the  hoop 
for  thirteen  digits  .  .  .  Among  the 
athletes  in  the  cast  in  "Good  Earth", 
now  playing  at  the  St.  Francis  Thea- 
tre, is  Roland  Got  .  .  .  Keye  Luke,  of 
the  "Good  Earth"  cast,  plays  the 
part  of  an  Olympic  athlete  in  a  pic- 
ture now  being  filmed  at  Hollywood 
.  .  .  Harry  Jung,  sensational  little 
battler,  won  the  105 -pound  class  title 
of  the  recent  Junior  P.  A.  A.  Boxing 
Tournament,  knocking  out  his  final 
opponent.  Little  Jung  is  also  the 
champion  of  the  P.  A.  A.  105-pound 
novice  class,  which  was  held  last 
summer  .  .  .  Peter  Shinn,  a  Korean 
boy,  annexed  the  188-pound  boxing 
championship  last  month  in  the 
P.  A.  A.  Junior  Tournament  by  belt- 
ing out  his  opponents  for  knock- 
outs in  the  semi-final  and  final 
rounds  .  .  .  Fighting  on  the  Univers- 
ity of  California  boxing  team  is  Kai 
Kim,  who  is  a  bantamweight  .  .  . 
•  • 

A  big  dance  is  being  planned  for  the 
Saturday  evening  of  May  29th,  during 
the  Golden  Gate  Bridge  celebration  for 
the  many  out  of  town  visitors  and  lo- 
cal dancing  set.  Definite  details  will 
appear  in  our  next  issue. 


ffi 


nm 


CONGRATU  LATION  S 
Chinese  Talents  in  "The  Good  Earth" 

DR.    RAYMOND  L.   NC 

Optometrist 

Eye     Examinations 

Oakland,    California 


J] 


*£* 

'.li  M  fy 

JjT 


HOLLYWOOD    REVIEW 

(Continued   from   Page   9) 

attending  U.  S.  C.  when  signed  by 
M-G-M  to  appear  in  "The  Good  Earth/' 
moon,  mandolin  and  all.  Originally,  she 
was  to  play  the  part  of  "Lotus,"  but  the 
studio  executives  considered  her  too 
sweet  for  so  worldly  a  role. 

Chingwah  Lee  is  a  zoologist,  ethnolo- 
gist, ceramic  art  authority  and  one-time 
social  worker.  He  is  a  University  of  Cali- 
fornia graduate  —  the  alma  mater  of 
more  California  second-generation  Chi- 
nese than  can  be  counted  by  this  time. 
He  is  director  and  manager  of  the 
Chinatown  Trade  and  Travel  Bureau, 
active  head  of  the  oldest  Chinese  bov 
scout  troop  in  the  United  States,  a  pub- 
lisher and  associate  editor  of  the  Chinese 
Digest. 

A  San  Franciscan  all  his  life  he  is  a 
fount  of  information  on  old  Chinatown 
days.  He  possesses  the  best  private  col- 
lection of  ceramic  wares  in  Chinatown. 
He  bears  a  close  resemblance  to  two 
of  China's  outstanding  men — Dr.  Wu 
Lien-teh  and  Dr.  Hu  Shih. 

James  Z.  M.  Lee  was  attending  U.  S. 
C.  as  a  Shakespearean  scholar  when 
signed  by  M-G-M  to  be  the  technical  ad- 
visor for  "The  Good  Earth"  company. 
For  three  long  years  he  assisted  with  the 
production,  joining  the  expedition  to 
China  for  background  shots  anil  props. 
He  is  considered  the  most  reliable  ex- 
pert on  things  Chinese  in  movicland  to- 
day. 

Frank  Tang  is  a  member  of  the  art 
department.  A  graduate  of  Mission  1  Ugh 
of  San  Francisco  and  of  the  Sun  Chung 
Academy,  his  calligraphy  is  second  to 
none  in  southern  California.  The  Chi- 
nese banners  and  other  native  writings 
in  "The  Good  Earth"  scenes  are  prod- 
ucts of   his  fine  brush.  — H.  A.   C 

EXPORT 
and 

WHOLESALE 
All    Makei 

TYPEW  RITE  RS 

• 

Guaranty   Typewriter  and 

Adding  Machine  Co. 
17  Second  Street        Sutter   6670         «J 

WU%WWWWVr%%%VL%VWVU%% 


March,  1937 


CHINESE       DIGEST 


Page  21 


CHINATOWNIA 


ROAMING  ROUND  WITH  R.  R.— 

(Continued  frem  Page  8) 
away  at  the  bfg  drum.  .  .  .  The  Chinese 
group  enacted  a  "Sea-Serpent"  scene 
which  drew  many  rounds  of  applause. 
Anyone  caught  cold?  .  .  .  Chas.  Leong, 
a  feature  writer  of  the  San  Jose  State 
College  "Spartan,"  is  prexy  of  the  jour- 
nalistic fraternity  there.  ...  Is  there  any- 
one in  S.  F.'s  Chinatown  who  operates 
a  short  wave  radio  set?  ...  If  so,  please 
get  in  touch  with  the  Chinese  Digest. 
.  .  .  John  Yiep  recently  sailed  for  China. 
He  left  a  charming  Miss  at  the  pier, 
amissing  him  very  much!  .  .  .  Paul  Toy 
is  the  lucky  winner  of  $50  in  a  guessing 
contest  at  Stockton.  .  .  .  Kenneth  Jann, 
former  prexy  of  the  Tri-C  Club,  has 
moved  from  Stockton  to  Hollywood 
where  his  parents  will  go  into  the  safe 
business. .  .  .  The  Stockton  Tau  Lambda 
Girls'  Club,  with  Dr.  Dora  Lee  as  ad- 
visor, recently  installed  its  new  officers. 
.  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wong  Foon  (Elsie 
Lowe)  of  S.  F.  are  now  making  their 
home  in  Stockton.  .  .  .  Pauline  Wong  of 
Newcastle  is  an  ardent  tennis  fan  and 
quite  a  player  too.  She  was  a  New  Year's 


visitor.  .  .  .  Max  Lee  and  Owen  Yuen 
are  the  present  doubles  ping  pong  cham- 
pions of  Chico  State  College.  .  .  .  When 
in  action,  the  pair  is  unbeatable.  .  .  .  Dr. 
P.  S.  Chung  has  been  prexy  of  the  Fresno 
Fay  Wah  Club  for  the  last  five  years.  His 
interest  and  support  of  the  club  won  him 
undisputed  leadership  of  the  club.  .  .  . 
Allen  Lew,  our  go-getter  Digest  corre- 
spondent in  Fresno,  is  the  vice-prexy. . . . 
Lucille  Lee  of  Spokane  is  setting  the  L. 
A.  courts  on  fire  with  her  hot  sizzling 
baseline  drives  and  all  around  game.  .  .  . 
Most  of  the  boys  are  showing  renewed 
interest  in  tennis.  .  .  .  Francis  Mark  is 
part  owner  of  an  airplane  and  is  learning 
how  to  fly.  .  .  .  Albert  Foey  is  quite  a 
basketball  star  at  Red  Bluff  Hi  School. 
.  .  .  The  towering  center  of  the  L.  A. 
Iowa  basketball  game  is  George  Tong. 
He  is  so  tall  that  his  teammates  nick- 
named him  "City  Hall."  .  .  .  Wotta 
name!  .  .  .  and  wotta  player!  .  .  .The 
negro  who  ran  amuck  the  other  day  at 
Union  Sq.  and  shot  an  officer  and  a  truck 
driver  gave  Yee  Wong,  the  photog- 
rapher, an  uneasy  moment.  The  de- 
mented negro,  only  six  feet  away, 
pointed  his  gun  at  Yee,  but  at  the  last 


moment,  turned,  saw  the  truck  driver 
and  shot  him.  Unlucky  Yee,  and  he 
didn't  even  have  a  camera  along  either! 
.  .  .  Did  you  buy  a  ticket  for  the  "Y" 
Varsity  vs.  SFJC  Chinese  yet?  It'll  help 
the  boys  get  out  of  a  huge  deficit  caused 
by  two  traffic  tags  in  the  last  trip  to  Wil- 
lits.  .  .  .  During  the  recent  flood  in  Wat- 
sonville,  Hattie  Hall  made  a  hurried  trip 
to  her  home  town,  just  to  see  "if  the 
river  had  come  up  to  her  door."  .  .  . 
Everything  is  O.  K.  The  water  didn't 
even  reach  the  first  step.  .  .  .  Greetings, 
Fresno,  so  Marion  Leong  of  Hanford 
moved  over  to  your  town!  Can  it  be  the 
weather?  . . .  13-year-old  Emerson  Wong 
was  playing  around  with  a  loaded  gun 
when  he  accidentally  tripped  the  trigger 
and  shot  himself  through  the  head.  .  .  . 
The  Tri  Chi  Club,  an  organization  of 
the  Chinese  students  of  U.  C.  in  the 
College  of  Commerce,  has  as  its  prexy, 
William  L.  Wong  with  Ken  Lee  as  vice- 
prexy.  The  U.  C.  Chinese  Students  Club 
recently  held  a  meeting  to  complete 
plans  for  the  Spring  Informal,  under 
dance  chairman  Jessie  Fung.  .  .  .  Ho 
hum,  see  U  in  the  Sun! 


CONGRATULATIONS 


1 

4&\         \  'i 

i4 «-     i 

'  i 

V*  "  ■  v  .1 

L  Vi 

m 

V 

Chingwah  Lee  as  Ching  captures  the  Soul  of  China 

To  JAMES  Z.  M.  LEE  as  TECHNICAL  ADVISOR 
FRANK  TANG  AS  ART  -  CALLIGRAPHER  and 

CHINGWAH   LEE  «  CHING 
DR.    R.    SCHWARTZMANN 

Optometrist 


8  Powell  Street 


San  Francisco 


=    L 


Page  22 


CHINESE        DIGEST 


March.    1937 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENT 


INTERESTING  ARTICLES  IN 
RECENT    PUBLICATIONS: 

"The  Fascinating  Chinese  War- 
lord," by  Pearl  S.  Buck.  World  Di- 
gest, February,   1937. 

"Why  I  Am  a  Pagan,"  by  Lin 
Yutang.  Forum,  February,    1937. 

"Wisdom  of  Chinese  Doctors." 
In  Readers'  Digest  Annual. 

"Fighting  Angel."  A  condensa- 
tion of  a  biography  by  Pear)  S. 
Buck.  In  Book  Digest  of  Best 
Sellers,  February,    1937. 

"Yang  and  Yin."  Condensation 
of  a  novel  by  Alice  Tisdale  Hobart. 
In  Books  in  Brief,  February,  1937. 

"My  Country  and  My  People." 
Condensation  from  the  book  by  Lin 
Yutang.  In  Books  in  Brief,  March, 
1937. 

"Intelligentsia  Sinica,"  by  Mou- 
sheng  Hsitien  Lin.  In  Chinese  Stu- 
dent Christian  Ass'n  Bulletin,  Feb- 
ruary, 1937. 

In   Asia    magazine    for   February, 


1937: 

1  "The  Course  Is  Set  In  China," 
by  Norman  D.  Hanwell; 

2  "In  a  Chinese  Prison,"  by  Shih 
Ming; 

3  "A  United  Front  in  China?"  by 
Y.  T.  Wu; 

4  "The  Good  Life  in  Chinatown," 
by  Pardee  Lowe.  Second  of  two 
articles. 

"How  Chiang  Was  Captured,"  by 
Agnes  Smedley.     In  Nation,  Febru- 
ary 13,  1937. 
RECENT  BOOKS  ON  CHINA 
AND  THINGS  CHINESE: 

The  Quest  for  Cathay.  By  Sir 
Percy  Sykes.  New  York:  Macmillan 
Co.    #5.00. 

An  account,  illustrated,  of  early 
and  medieval  expeditions  to  China. 

The  Political  Doctrines  of  Sun- 
Yat-Sen.  By  Paul  M.  W.  Linebar- 
ger.  Baltimore,  Md.:  Johns  Hopkins 
University  Press.  #2.75. 

An  exposition  of  the  San-Min- 
Chu-I.     The  author  is  an  American 


who  has  been  closely  identified  with 
the  republican   revolution. 

Gold  of  Ophir.  By  Sidney  Green- 
bie  6C  Marjorie  B.  Greenbie.  New 
York:    Wilson-Erickson.    #3.50. 

A  revised  edition  of  a  history  deal- 
ing with  the  Chinese  trade  and  its 
influence  in  the  making  of  America. 

Ling:  Grandson  of  Yen-Foh.  By 
Ethel  J.  Eldridge.  Pictures  in  color 
by  Kurt  Wiese.  32  pages.  Chicago: 
Albert  Whitman.    #1.00. 

An  educational  story  designed  for 
promoting  international  cultural 
understanding  among  children. 

The  New  Monetary  System  of 
China.  By  W.  Y.  Lin.  University  of 
Chicago  Press.    #2.00. 

A  personal  interpretation  of 
China's  present  monetary  standard. 

Shanghai:  1935.  By  Ruth  Day. 
Paper  covers  (in  Chinese  red).  86 
pp.  Claremont,  Calif.:  Saunders 
Studio  Press.  #2.00. 

Personal  impressions  of  the  city. 
Edition  limited  to  200  copies. 


^ 


CONGRATULATIONS 

Mary  Wong  as  The  Litte  Bride,    Soo  Yong  as  The 

Ancient  Mistress  and  Aunt,     Keye  Luke  as  The  Older 

Son,    Roland  Got  (Lui)  as  The  Younger  Son  and  Wm. 

Law  as  The  Gatekeeper 

CHINGWAH    LEE    AS    CHING 


Embroidered     Mandarin    coats,    skirts,    and    shawls 

Pajamas,  padded  garments,   fancy  slippers 

Ivory   and    soapstone    carvings,    Peking   glass 

Jade,  jewelries,  souvenirs,  novelties 


Screens   and   teakwood  and   rattan    furniture 

Cloissonne,  hammered  brass  wares,  old  bronzes 

Cymbals,  gongs,   tom-toms,   flutes,  and  drums 

Royal    Canton,  satsuma,   antique    porcelain 


SING  CHONG  IMPORTING  CO. 

WHOLESALE   and    RETAIL 


San    Francisco,    Calif. 


60 1    Grant    Avenue 


March,   1937 


CHINESE      DICEST 


Page  23 


EDITORIAL 


OLD  CHINATOWN  IN  LOS  ANGELES 
TO  BE  RAZED 

Below  Alameda  street,  Marchessault  and  Ferguson 
alleys,  un-Oriental  names  all,  lies  what  is  still  left  of 
Los  Angeles'  old  Chinatown.  A  none  too  attractive 
quarter,  if  one  judge  by  1937  standards,  yet  this  China- 
town is  an  historic  landmark  of  Los  Angeles,  as  much 
so  as  San  Francisco's  Chinatown  is  an  historic  land- 
mark of  this  city.  Today  it  is  not  a  romantic  spot  to 
behold,  yet  the  history  of  the  founding  of  that  China- 
town carries  with  it  a  faint  aura  of  romance  and 
adventure. 

In  the  1860's  the  first  Chinese  trekked  into  Los 
Angeles  from  the  northern  cities  and  the  mines.  They 
were  a  picturesque  if  ignorant  lot,  and  they  chose  the 
first  available  and  centrally  located  space  to  camp, 
which  happened  to  be  next  to  the  seat  of  authority  of 
the  Mexican  government  that  once  ruled  the  state. 
Later,  when  some  of  the  shrewd  ones  decided  that  it 
would  be  good  business  to  build  some  substantial  quar- 
ters there,  buildings  were  erected  near  the  Plaza,  center 
of  tbe  early  social  and  commercial  life  of  the  city.  Thus 
old  Chinatown  came  into  existence.  Later  a  new  China- 
town came  into  being,  some  distance  from  the  old  one. 

With  the  coming  of  the  new  quarters,  most  of  the 
old  Chinatown  residents  moved  there.  In  fact,  many 
moved  so  that  at  last  old  Chinatown  was  reduced  to  a 


quarter   of    provision   stores,   restaurants   and    bachelor 
quarters,  and  little  more. 

But  old  Chinatown  is  soon  to  go  out  altogether.  By 
the  middle  of  March  all  residents  must  vacate  below 
Alameda  Street,  and  the  old  quarter  will  be  razed  to 
make  way  for  a  new  U.  S.  post  office  and  the  Union 
depot. 

As  long  as  three  years  ago  old  Chinatownians  were 
informed  that  their  properties  had  been  purchased  and 
they  were  given  notice  to  vacate.  But  they  have  clung 
on,  month  after  month,  in  the  hope  that  time  may 
change  the  course  of  things.  But  now  its  fate  has  been 
sealed  and  the  residents  will  have  to  go  after  all. 

Progress  has  a  way  of  obliterating  old  landmarks, 
which  serve  to  remind  people  of  other  times  and  events. 
With  the  razing  of  old  Chinatown  will  go  the  house 
where  the  first  civil  Mexican  governor  of  California 
lived,  and  also  the  place  where  the  American  military 
commanders  resided  when  the  Stars  and  Stripes  were 
raised  in  Los  Angeles.  Only  historic  building  to  remain, 
located  a  stone's  throw  from  Chinatown,  will  be  the 
Mission  founded  by  the  Franciscans,  the  oldest  church 
in  Los  Angeles. 

We  know  that  to  a  few  young  Chinese,  whose  ambition 
it  is  to  eventually  set  down  in  writing  the  history  of  the 
Chinese  in  California,  the  passing  of  old  Chinatown  in 
Los  Angeles  will  be  sad  tidings,  indeed.  But  such  is  the 
march  of  progress. 


EDITORIAL      NOTES 


Do  not  think  that  because  we  made 
this  issue  of  the  Chinese  Digest  a  "Good 
Earth"  number  that  we  have  succumbed 
to  the  fascination  and  glamour  of  Holly- 
wood. Far  from  it.  The  chief  reason  was 
this:  we  recognize  that  the  motion  pic- 
ture version  of  Pearl  S.  Buck's  story  of 
Man  and  the  Soil  will,  like  the  novel,  do 
an  immeasurable  amount  of  good  in 
eliciting  western  understanding  of  and 
sympathy  for  China  and  the  Chinese. 
This  one  reason  alone,  we  believe,  should 
justify  this  "Good  Earth"  number.  We 
hope  you  will  gain  as  much  knowledge 
of  the  novel  and  the  picture  as  we  did 
while  gathering  the  information  for 
these  pages. 

On  page  10  of  this  issue  you  will  find 
a  new  department.  It  is  designed  for  our 
Chinese  young  girls  and  women  readers, 
and  is  in  response  to  repeated  requests. 
Two  young  ladies  co-operate  in  editing 
this  new  department,  and  since  both  of 
them  wish  for  anonymity,  they   have, 


after  considerable  meditation,  invented 
the  fictitious  but  nonetheless  charming 
name  of  P'ing  Yu.  The  title  of  the  de- 
partment is  slightly  puzzling  at  first 
glance,  but  in  reality  is  very  appropriate. 
To  Chinese  women  jade  is  the  most 
precious  and  beautiful  gem  in  all  the 
world.  A  jade  box  is  therefore  an  orna- 
ment of  great  price.  Into  it  must  be  stored 
precious  things,  things  both  spiritual 
and  material.  The  charming  ladies  who 
edit  the  department  will  set  down  their 
thoughts  calculated  to  interest  the  fem- 
inine readers,  will  give  many  practical 
advices,  such  as  how  to.  cook  rice  prop- 
erly (as  they  are  doing  in  this  issue) 
or  what  to  wear  in  order  to  be  both 
charming  and  fashionable. 

We  may  also  add  that  the  two  fem- 
inine writers  of  this  department  are  both 
quite  active  in  social  and  educational 
groups  in  the  community.  Beyond  that 
we  can  tell  no  more  at  this  time. 

If  you  like  this  new  column  the  editor 
would  be  glad  to  have  you  tell  him.  It 


not — tell  him  anyway. 

It  seems  to  the  editor  that  the  most 
interesting  magazine  article  of  the  month 
was  the  one  by  Agnes  Smedley  in  a  re- 
cent issue  of  The  Nation.  The  article  was 
apparently  mailed  from  Sianfu  on  De- 
cember 15,  1936,  and  in  it  the  writer 
told  how  Chiang  Kai-Shek  was  cap- 
tured by  Marshal  Chang  Hsueh-liang. 
It  is  a  dispassionate  account,  giving 
names,  places  and  dates  and  is  appar- 
ently the  first  and  only  bona  fide  report 
of  this  amazing  affair  so  far  appearing 
here.  Although  Agnes  Smedley  is  an 
American  radical  who  has  worked 
among  Chinese  Communists  for  years, 
yet,  being  a  good  reporter  as  well,  she 
has  very  little  reason  to  give  out  a  fabri- 
cated version  of  Chiang's  capture.  The 
report  has  the  feel  of  authenticity  about 
it  and  is  a  far  cry  from  the  melodramati- 
cally barbled  version  given  out  by  the 
Literary  Digest  last  December  19,  four 
days  after  Agnes  Smedley 's  report  was 
written. 


Page   24 


cw«ese 


<3 


COMMENT  ►  -    SOCIAL  •  -  SPOfcTS 


Vol.  3.  No.  4 


April,  1937 


Ten  Cents 


Spring  rains  came  to  Chinatown  early  this  year,  at  the 
time  of  the  Feast  of  the  Lanterns.  The  busy  lens  of  Wal- 
lace H.  Fong,  expert  Chinese  Digest  cameraman,  caught 
this  rare  picture  on  a  night  when  the  rain  and  atmospheric 
changes  had  formed  a  filmy  blanket  of  mist  over  the  quar- 
ter. The  eerie  glow  of  the  lantern-shaped  street  lamps, 
the  subdued  glare  of  the  neon  lights,  the  wet,  shiny  street, 
all  combined  to  make  this  picture  an  unusual  and  beauti- 
ful camera  portrait.  It  was  taken  along  Grant  Avenue, 
looking  north. 


-    \& 


Poge  2 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


April,  1937 


EDITORIAL 


ON  THE  "CHINESE  PROGRESS" 

On  February  25th  a  twelve  page  English  weekly  pub- 
lication called  Chinese  Progress  made  its  initial  appear- 
ance in  Chinatown.  Because  much  confusion  and 
misunderstanding  have  arisen  in  the  minds  of  many 
of  Chinatown's  citizens  as  to  the  exact  relationship  be- 
tween  the  CHINESE  DIGEST  and  this  new  publica- 
tion, which  makes  the  extravagant  claim  to  being  "The 
only  Chinese  Newspaper  Printed  in  English,"  we  wish 
to  clarify  the  issue  for  the  benefit  of  our  readers  in 
this  city. 

First  of  all.  the  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  in  no  way 
connected  or  affiliated  with  this  new  publication.  The 
CHINESE  DIGEST  is  100  per  cent  Chinese-owned 
and  edited  by  a  100  per  cent  Chinese  staff.  It  is  a 
monthly  journal  serving  to  give  information  on  China, 
Chinese  culture  and  the  life,  problems  and  activities 
of  the  Chinese  throughout  the  United  States.  The 
CHINESE  DIGEST  is  not  subsidized  by  any  organi- 
zation, commercial,  or  political  interests.  In  its  editorial 
policy  it  is  independent  and  progressive,  always  seeking 
to  work  for  the  welfare  and  enlightenment  of  all 
Chinese  in  America,  with  special  emphasis  on  the  sec- 
ond-generation American  born.  In  its  treatment  of 
news  and  current  topics  the  CHINESE  DIGEST  is 
the  sole  English  medium  of  useful  and  significant  in- 
formation for  all  American-born  Chinese.  No  other 
publication  of  this  nature  exists  in  America. 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit  publica- 
tion, and  all  its  revenues  from  advertisements  and  sub- 
scriptions are  devoted  to  making  it  a  better  and  more 
useful  journal.  Its  entire  staff  are  voluntary  workers 
who  see  in  the  journal  a  cause  worth  laboring  for. 
When  it  began  publication  in  1935  the  CHINESE 
DIGEST  was  only  a  16-page  publication.  This  was 
increased  to  20  pages  after  the  first  year. 

On  the  other  hand,  what  of  the  Chinese  Progress? 
In  its  initial  issue  its  publishers  gave  forth  a  state- 
ment which,  among  other  things,  contained  the  fol- 
lowing: 

"The  Chinese  Progress  is  decidely  NOT  a  'foreign- 
language'  or  'class'  publication. .  .  . 

"An  overwhelming  majority  of  the  Chinese  in  Amer- 
ica cannot  read  any  other  language  than  English. 
Imagine  over  50,000  people  without  their  own  paper 
until  we  came  along! 

"The  Chinese  Progress  is  the  first  and  only  news- 
paper printed  in  the  English  language. 

"Our  sincere  aim  is  to  make  the  Progress  ...  a  com- 
plete,   interesting   district   newspaper   which   will   carry 
a  full  and  detailed  resume  of  each  week's  happenings 
in  the  community  life  of  San  Francisco  Chinatown." 
How  true  to  actual  facts  is  the  claim  of  the  Chinese 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorials 2,19 

Far  East 3 

Sampan  and  Caravan 4 

Culture 5,  6 

Sociological  Data 7,  8 

The  Jade  Box 9,10 

Reviews  and  Comments 11 

Chinatownia   12,  13,  14, 15 

Anti-Alien  Land  Bill 12 

China  Press  Jubilee 12 

Anti-Foreign  Language  Bill 13 

China  Press  Weekly 13 

Recommended  Articles 14 

Recent  Books  on  China 15 

Sports    16,  17 


THE  CHINESE   DIGEST 

Published  the  26th  of  each  month  at  868  Washington  Street 
San    Francisco.    California    iCHi.na    2400> 

WILLIAM    HOY.    Editor 

Per  year,  SI. 00;  Per  copy.   10  cents 
Foreign,   SI. 50  per  year 

All    articles    copyrighted.      For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 


CHINGWAH    LEE 
LIM  P.  LEE 
THOMAS  W.  CHINN 
HELEN  M.   FONG 
WALLACE    H.    FONG 


Associate   Editor 

Sociological  Data 

Managing   Editor 

Circulation   Manager 

Photographer 


CORRESPONDENTS    and    REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersfield    . . .  Mamie    Lcc 

Berkeley  Glenn  D   Lym 

Chicago    Bcotricc   Moy 

Fresno  Allen  Lew 

Hollywood  Frank  Tong 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace   H.   Goo 

Los  Angeles Elsie  Lcc,  Bcrnicc  Louie 

New  York Binq  Chan 

Portland    Eva   Moc.   Edgor  Lee 

Salinas    Edword    Chan 

San  Diego  Walter  N.  Horn 

Santa  Barbara Albert  Ycc 

Seattle   Eugene  Wong,  Edwin  Luke 

Watsonville  Alice  Shew 

FOUNDERS  and  PUBLISHERS: 
THOMAS   W.    CHINN,   President  CHINGWAH    LEE.   Trcosurcr 


April,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  3 


FAR      EAST 


CHIANG  COMPROMISES 
A  NEW  SPIRIT  IN  SINO- 
JAPANESE  RELATIONS 

"We  have  had  too  much  internal 
squabbling  and  warfare  within  China,  and 
I  am  ready  to  forgive  much  and  go  a  long 
way  to  prevent  more." 

So  spoke  Gen.  Chiang  Kai-Shek  in  an 
interview  granted  not  long  ago  to  an 
American  journalist.  And  early  in  March 
Gen.  Chiang's  declaration  that  he  was 
willing  to  give  the  Chinese  Communists 
a  chance  to  show  their  real  patriotism  by, 
first,  abandoning  the  government's  policy 
of  active  punitive  warfare  against  them 
and,  secondly,  to  give  freedom  of  speech 
and  pardons  to  political  offenders,  seems 
to  bear  out  his  statement. 

At  that  time  Nanking's  long  conflict 
with  Communists  within  the  country  ap- 
peared near  a  settlement.  A  re-establish- 
ment of  the  status  quo  of  1927  for  the 
Reds  seemed  imminent  then. 

On  the  Communists'  side,  they  had 
shown  a  willingness  to  merge  their  armies 
— estimated  at  75,000  —  and  "govern- 
ment" under  Nanking's  control,  and  were 
also  reported  ready  to  pledge  their  word 
for  the  cessation  of  Communist  propa- 
ganda and  the  promotion  of  class  strug- 
gles. 

This  apparently  conciliatory  attitude 
and  new  liberal  policy  toward  the  Com- 
munists seemed  to  add  one  more  link 
to  the  chain  of  national  unity  which 
Chiang  has  sought  to  effect  for  a  decade. 
For  ten  years  up  to  the  end  of  December, 
1936,  Gen.  Chiang  had  held  that  the 
greatest  threat  to  the  unity  of  the  na- 
tion and  the  existence  of  the  present  gov- 
ernment was  Chinese  Communism,  di- 
rected by  native  communist  organizers. 
Has  he  now  reversed  his  previous  policy? 
As  yet,  the  lack  of  detailed  information 
regarding  the  exact  nature  of  Chiang's 
liberal  policy  toward  the  Communists 
makes  a  definite  conclusion  at  this  time 
a  useless  guess. 

But  one  thing  is  certain.  Gen.  Chiang, 
by  this  new  switch  of  attitude  toward 
those  whom  he  has  fought  without  ces- 
sation for  10  years  has  shown  his 
ability  as  a  political  strategist.  At  a  time 
when  the  pro-Japanese  and  the  anti- Jap- 
anese elements  within  the  government  and 
the  Kuomintang  had  made  his  position 
almost  an  untenable  one,  Chiang  has,  by 
this  one  political  stroke,  swung  the  gov- 
ernment and  party  behind  himself  again 
and  emerged  victorious. 

The  internal  political  situation  remains 
a  delicate  one  now,  however.  The  anti- 
Japanese  bloc  in  the  Nanking  government 
seems  to  be  gaining  more  support  than 
the   pro-Japanese   element.    Which   side 


will  win  will  depend  a  great  deal  on 
Chiang's  ultimate  decision.  As  one  Chi- 
nese writer  has  expressed  it,  "A  desperate 
struggle  between  the  pro-Japanese  and  the 
anti-Japanese  forces  seems  to  be  immi- 
nent in  Chinese  politics." 

*         *         *         * 

The  relations  between  China  and  Japan 
seem  to  be  more  hopeful  at  this  time 
than  at  any  period  during  the  last  six 
years,  if  pronouncements  by  the  foreign 
ministers  of  both  nations  recently  can 
be  taken  as  a  gauge  of  the  real  situation. 
At  Tokyo  the  new  Japanese  Foreign 
Minister,  Naotake  Sato,  formerly  am- 
bassador to  France,  recently  declared  that 
he  was  determined  to  carry  out  a  foreign 
policy  toward  China  "based  on  equality." 
Mr.  Sato  made  known  this  policy  in  a 
speech  to  the  Diet,  and  it  was  significant 
that  he  was  loudly  applauded  for  it.  It 
would  seem  to  mean  that  some  of  the 
leaders  of  Japan  are  beginning  to  see 
that,  after  all,  a  friendly  China  may  ulti- 
mately pay  better  dividends  to  Japan 
than  a  hostile  one. 

On  the  same  date  that  Mr.  Sato  made 
his  speech  to  the  Japanese  diet,  China's 
new  Foreign  Minister,  Wang  Chung-hui, 
also  announced  his  foreign  policy.  He 
declared  that  "China  and  Japan  should 
cooperate  on  terms  of  equality  to  improve 
the  mutual  relationship  and  protect  the 
peace  in  the  Orient." 

What  the  New  Chinese  Foreign  Min- 
ister said  was  nothing  new,  of  course. 
China  has  always  sought  to  adopt  a  pol- 
icy of  mutual  friendship  with  other  na- 
tions, particularly  Japan,  on  the  basis  of 
equality  and  respect  of  China's  territor- 
ial integrity.  It  is  the  Japanese  new  For- 
eign Minister's  announcement  which 
shows  an  orientation  in  Japan's  policy 
toward  China,  at  least  in  principle. 

Nanking,  however,  expects  that  Japan's 
deeds  will  match  her  words  in  her  present 
and  future  foreign  policy  toward  China. 
Already  initial  confidence  in  Japan's  sin- 
cerity has  been  shattered  by  the  fact  that 
hardly  had  Foreign  Minister  Sato  made 
his  declaration  of  foreign  policy  in  the 
Diet,  2,000  Japanese  troops  were  landed 
in  China  in  the  Tientsin-Peiping  area.  The 
Japanese  military  claimed  that  the  troops 
were  merely  replacements  but  the  action 
was  highly  suspicious. 

If  such  is  the  way  in  which  Japan  in- 
tends to  put  her  new  foreign  policy  toward 
China    into    action,    then    Sino-Japanese 

relations  can  never  improve. 

*         *         *         *  ^ 

Wang  Chung-hui.  China's  new  Foreign 
Minister,    succeeded    Chang    Chun     on 
March  8.  Wang  was  born  in  Kwangtung 
(Continued  on  page  18^  col.  1) 


AT  LAST! 


In  answer  to  repeated  requests 
by  the  public,  the  Chinese  Di- 
gest is  introducing  a  new  ad- 
vertising section — a 

CLASSIFIED  DIRECTORY 

that  will  enable  scores  of  ad- 
vertisers to  present  their  needs 
and  wants  to  our  readers. 


WHAT  SHALL  IT  BE? 

•  Real  Estate? 

•  Merchandise? 

•  Help  Wanted? 

•  Car  for  Sale? 

•  Beauty  Shop  Needs? 

Almost  everything  can  be  ad- 
vertised here! 

Exceptionally  low  rates  .  . 
just  call 

China  2400 

1    to  3  p.  m. 
for  information 


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m 


Poge  4 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


April,  1937 


SAMPAN     AND    CARAVAN 


EXPORT  TRADE  SHOWS 
BIG  INCREASE 

Dr.  P.  W.  Kuo,  director  of  the  Bureau 
of  Foreign  Trade,  presented  a  report 
recently  to  Minister  of  Industries  Wu 
Tingchang,  showing  that  China's  export 
trade  had  made  a  28  per  cent  increase 
over  that  of  previous  years  for  a  similar 
period. 

The  report  also  stated  that  China 
bought  15  per  cent  less  of  imported  goods 
during  the  first  six  months  of  1936  as 
compared  to  a  similar  period  for   1935. 

Tung  oil  and  hides,  skins  and  furs 
were  the  principal  commodities  of  export, 
owing  to  the  increased  demands  from 
abroad,  which  sent  prices  soaring. 

A  shrinkage  in  all  imports  is  seen  for 
this  year,  pa-ticularly  in  rice  and  wheat, 
owing  to  the  exceptionally  good  crops 
in  the  country  last  year.  As  a  result,  the 
adverse  balance  of  trade  is  rapidly  throw- 
ing the  scales  into  a  more  even  keel. 


The  report  declared  that  "such  a  phe- 
nomena was  undoubtedly  brought  about 
mainly  by  the  successful  execution  of  the 
currency  reform  measures.  It  is  expected 
that  our  foreign  trade  will  continue  to 
progress,  as  China  is  now  a  united  coun- 
try, having  achieved  stability  in  her  cur- 
rency system  and  made  great  strides  in 
the  task  of  economic  reconstruction." 

On  the  economic  condition  of  China, 
Dr.  Kuo  reported  that  during  the  first 
part  of  1936  many  signs  of  economic 
recovery  were  evident,  with  financial  mar- 
kets achieving  increasing  stability  and 
the  wheels  of  industry  and  commerce 
revolving  faster.  In  announcing  the  rea- 
son for  this  turn  of  economic  trends  Dr. 
Kuo  believed  that  the  first  factor  was 
due  to  the  effects  of  the  monetary  reform 
put  into  effect  by  the  government  in 
November,  1935.  Commodity  prices  tend- 
ed to  rise,  the  money  markets  breathed 
easier,  foreign  exchange  has  been  estab- 


lished,  and  the  psychological  effect  im- 
proved general  economic  conditions. 

The  second  important  factor  he  attrib- 
uted to  the  combined  efforts  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  the  people  in  seeking  eco- 
nomic advancement.  Much  has  been 
done,  he  pointed  out,  in  the  promotion 
of  native  goods,  improvement  of  agri- 
culture methods,  marketing,  transporta- 
tion and  general  progress  in  the' other 
fields  of  trade  and  commetce. 

The  total  volume  of  trade,  according 
to  Dr.  Kuo's  report,  amounted  to  $791,- 
711,713  during  the  first  two  quarters  of 
1936.  This  figure  shows  an  increase  of 
1.63  per  cent  over  the  corresponding 
period  for  1935. 

Import  trade  during  the  period  totaled 
$459,000,244,  or  more  than  15  per  cent 
as  compared  with  the  first  six  months  of 
1935.  The  aggregate  export  trade  for 
the  first  part  of  1936  was  $332,711,469. 


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buying  public — the  ones  who  KNOW  that  they 
can  depend  on  a  good  product  when  they  see  it 
in  the  Chinese  Digest,  the  paper  that  has 
proved  invaluable  and  interesting  to  ALL. 


San  Francisco — Miss  Henrietta  B.  Wat- 
kins,  for  17  years  a  teacher  at  the  Chi- 
nese Prebyterian  day  school  here,  died 
recently.  She  was  born  in  England  but 
lived  most  of  her  life  in  America. 


CLASSIFIED 

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ONE  WEEK   ONLY 

ST  A  RT I  KG   S  ATU I  1 1  [I  l~l«MHi^     I  I 

Sat.  and  Sun.  Continuous  from  2:15. 
Monday  to  Friday  at  2:15,  7  and  9  p.  m. 
First  time  here  of  this  film  mode  in 
China,  written,  scored,  directed,  pro- 
duced and  enacted  by  Chinese. 

"Soiiij  of  China'1 

Directed  by  Lo  Ming  yon 
"The  photography  is  enchanting,  and 
the  composition  of  individual  shots  ex- 
tremely effective;  the  acting  is  highly 
restrained  but  assured,  and  there  is 
an  intriguing  musical  accomponimtnt." 
New  York  Herald-Tribune. 


I 


April,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  5 


CULTURE 


CHINGWAH  LEE 


CHINESE  INVENTION 
AND  DISCOVERIES 

No.  41-45:  The  Chinese  had  a  New 
Deal  Three  Thousand  Years  Ago: 
They  Tried  Boondoggle,  the  Dole  Sys- 
tem, and  Inflation  of  Metallic  Coins: 
They  Distinguished  a  Real  Depression 
from  One  Based  on  Fear:  and  they 
Discovered  the  Cyclical  Nature  of 
Depression  Two  Hundred  Years  Ago. 

In  her  long  history  China  has  endured 
three  major  and  scores  of  minor  nation- 
al depressions.  Between  108  B.  C.  and 
1911  A.  D.  there  were  1,828  years  when 
food  shortage  was  felt  in  some  part  of 
China.  As  far  back  as  the  Chou  Dy- 
nasty (B.  C.  1122-255)  the  Chinese 
distinguished  the  difference  between  a 
depression  based  on  actual  want  or  un- 
employment and  one  based  on  the  psy- 
chology of  fear.  The  word  for  depres- 
sion (or  desolation)  is  huang;  chi  huang 
is  a  depression  of  want;  k'ung  huang, 
a  depression  based  on  fear. 

China  has  tried  many  plans  to  com- 
bat depressions.  One  of  the  earliest  is 
recorded  in  the  Chou  Li,  a  classic  which 
gives  the  organization  ritual  regulation 
of  the  Chou  Dynasty.  While  there  is 
some  doubt  as  to  the  authorship  and  ex- 
act date  of  this  important  work,  scho- 
lars agree  that  it  was  written  before  the 
end  of  the  Chou  Dynasty  and  that  the 
gefieral  constitution  of  the  Chou  gov- 
ernment is  described  with  a  fair  degree 
of  accuracy.  I  am  indebted  to  my  friend 
Dr.  Kiang  Kang-hu,  for  the  interpreta- 
tion of  much  of  the  following  "New 
Deal"  measures  adopted  by  the  Chou 
Dynasty   ministers: 

1.  INAUGURATION  OF  THE  DOLE 
OR  DIRECT  RELIEF  SYSTEM 
The    government    not    only    provided 

for  relief  work,  but  also  opened  all 
storages  of  surplus  treasuries,  accumu- 
lated grains,  and  other  necessities  of  life 
for   direct  relief. 

2.  THE  LOWERING  OF  THE  TAX 
RATE 

"This  will  relive  people  from  public 
bu-den  and  thus  enable  them  to  be 
self-supporting.  The  average  land  tax 
was  less  than  ten  per  cent  of  its  produc- 
tive value  and  there  were  many  other 
taxes.  During  the  time  of  depression 
the  land  tax  was  usually  halved,  or  from 
famine  stricken  regions  totally  exemp- 
ted." 

3.  A  CHECK  ON  CRIME  WAVE 
Since    hard    times    always    brew    more 


thieving  and  banditry,  unrest  and  upris- 
ing, an  effective  check  of  these  from 
the  very  beginning  would  save  the  coun- 
try from  crime  waves,  revolutions,  and 
war. 

4.  TEMPERING    JUSTICE 
WITH  MERCY 

Because  the  people  are  more  easily 
driven  to  crime  when  in  distress,  the 
mitigation  of  the  severity  of  criminal 
punishment  was  recommended  to  the 
magistrates. 

5.  OPENING  OF  NATIONAL 
RESOURCES  TO  THE  PEOPLE 
According    to    the    law    of    the    Chou 

Dynasty,  all  mountains,  rivers,  forests, 
and  mines  we-e  public  owned  and  were 
prohibited  from  private  exploitation.  This 
prohibition  would  be  lifted  and  the  peo- 
ple would  be  allowed  to  enjoy  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  state  property. 

6.  THE  WITHHOLDING  OF  LABOR 
CONSCRIPTION 

In  ancient  times  all  male  citizens,  ex- 
cepting officials  and  scholars,  were  sub- 
ject to  government  conscription  for  pub- 
lic works  between  the  planting  and  the 
harvesting  seasons.  This  conscription 
should  be  withheld  in  time  of  depres- 
sion so  that  the  people  might  work  more 
profitably. 

7.  THE   REMOVAL  OF  TRADE 
RESTRICTION 

Although  there  were  no  custom  duties 
in  the  Chou  .period,  inspection  and  re- 
striction were  in  force  on  both  imports 
and  exports  between  states.  These  would 
be  abandoned  in  times  of  depression  to 
facilitate  free  transportation  and  quick 
exchange. 

8.  THE    ELIMINATION    OF    NEED- 
LESS POMPS  AND  SOCIAL 
CEREMONIALS 

This  measure  aims  at  the  saving  of 
state  funds  on  needless  extravagant  state 
functions  so  that  they  may  be  applied  to 
more  urgent  needs. 

9.  THE  PROHIBITION  OF  PUBLIC 
AMUSEMENTS   OF   ALL   FORMS 
Aside  from  sacrificial  and  educational 

purposes,  theatricals  and  musical  per- 
formances for  amusement  would  be 
banned  in  times  of  depression.  The  Chou 
Li  did  not  explain  why  that  should  be 
so;  it  may  be  due  to  fear  of  angering 
the  gods  or  it  may  be  that  the  ministers 
did  not  distinguish  expenditure  from 
waste. 

10.  THE  SIMPLIFICATION  OF 
FUNERAL  RITES 

It  was  customary  to  spend  great  sums 
on  funeral  and  burial  services,  the  rich 
burying  many  expensive  jade  artifacts, 
garments,  and  utensils  with  their  de- 
parted   relatives;     hence    this    measure. 


It  is  interesting  to  note  the  gradual 
substitution  of  clay,  wood,  and  paper 
effigies  for  the  real  things  in  the  burial 
customs    in   China. 

11.  THE  ENCOURAGEMENT  OF 
SIMPLE  MARRIAGE  RITES 

As  marriage  in  old  China  was  expen- 
sive and  difficult  this  would  be  a  great 
relief  for  the  poor  people  in  hard  times. 
Last  year,  Major  Wu  of  Shanghai  re- 
adopted  this  plan,  marrying  hundreds 
of  couples  in  a  "mass  ceremony"  to 
save  them  from  the  expense  of  separate 
ceremonies. 

12.  THE  HOLDING  OF  PUBLIC 
PRAYER  SERVICE 

"When  the  emperor  led  the  officials 
and  the  people  to  pray  to  heaven  and 
to  the  national  patron  gods  for  the 
speedy  return  of  prosperity,  it  would 
have  a  psychological  effect  on  the  pop- 
ulace." 

By  the  time  of  Confucius  they  prac- 
ticed the  inflating  of  metallic  coins  dur- 
ing a  period  of  depression.  Coins  were 
made  lighter,  thinner,  or  smaller  during 
hard  times,  and  in  some  instances,  cop- 
per and  iron  coins  were  made  as  substi- 
tutes. 

The  periodic  occurrence  of  depression 
and  prosperity  was  fully  realized  by  the 
Han  Dynasty  (B.  C.  206-A.  D.  220). 
In  his  "Historical  Record"  (Shin  Chi) 
Ssu-ma  Ch'ien,  the  Herodotus  of  China, 
described  the  cyclical  nature  of  depres- 
sion in  somewhat  the  following  manner: 

"The  rise  of  the  Han  Dynasty  carries 
with  it  much  of  the  evils  of  the  former 
government.  Men  a^e  called  to  war  as 
before,  and  the  young  and  old  at  home 
were  engaged  in  transportation  of  food 
to  the  front.  Production  was  at  a  low 
ebb  and  money  became  scarce.  The 
coins  changed  from  heavy  to  lighter  is- 
sues, the  fixation  of  the  values  being 
left  to  private  financial  institutions.  But 
the  laws  were  lax,  and  it  was  impossible 
to  prevent  the  greedy  from  manipulat- 
ing coinage  and  controlling  the  markets. 
Prices  went  up  on  everything. 

"His  Majesty  Kao  Tzu  put  severe  re- 
strictions on  the  merchant  class,  and 
even  for  a  long  time  afterward,  they 
were  disqualified  from  holding  political 
offices.  Meanwhile  taxes  were  increased 
enormously  to  meet  the  ever  mounting 
public  expenditures.  There  were  all 
kinds  of  taxes — -land  tax,  custom  duties, 
tribute  grains,  etc.  Yet  even  in  hard 
time  a  certain  stability  was  reached. 

"At  length  the  coinage  deteriorated 
beyond  recovery.  A  rebellion  threatened 
the  country  for  a  while  and  during  this 
period  rebel  coins  flooded  the  country. 
The  northern  borders  were  harassed  by 


L 


Page  6 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


April,  1937 


CULTURE 


invading  Huns,  resulting  in  greater  food 
shortage.  And  on  top  of  this  there  oc- 
curred  a   great   drought. 

"But  soon  signs  of  wealth  and  luxury 
made  their  appearance  in  public  places 
and  private  halls  once  more.  Horses  be- 
gan to  appear  in  officials'  stables.  The 
empire  was  in  peace,  there  was  neither 
flood  nor  drought,  and  the  seasons  were 
plentiful.  The  public  granaries  were 
overflowing  and  the  treasuries  were  full; 
money  was  everywhe-e.  The  streets  were 
thronged  with  happy  people,  and  the 
highways  were  thick  with  horses  and 
travellers.  Villagers  ate  meat  and  drank 
wines.  'The  people  had  developed  a 
spirit  of  self-respect  and  of  reverence 
for  the  law,  while  a  sense  of  charity  and 
of  duty  toward  one's  neighbor  kept  men 
aloof  from  crime  and  shame.'  " 

"At  length,  under  the  lax  laws  the 
wealthy  began  to  abuse  their  riches. 
They  used  it  for  the  evil  purposes  of 
pride  and  self-aggrandizement  and 
oppression  of  the  weak.  Everyone  tried 
to  outdo  their  neighbors  in  lavishing 
money  on  large  houses,  appointments, 
and  apparels,  altogether  beyond  the 
limit  of  his  means.  Such  is  the  everlast- 
ing law  of  the  sequences  of  prosperity 
and  depression. 

"Then  followed  military  preparation 
in  various  parts  of  the  empire.  There 
was  nothing  but  war  and  rumors  of  war 
in  the  air.  Attempts  were  made  to  es- 
tablish trade  route  with  the  barbarians 
of  the  southwest,  and  mountains  were 
hewn  through  for  many  miles  with  the 
object  of  opening  up  the  resources  of 
these  remote  regions,  but  the  result  was 
to  swamp  the  inhabitants  in  hopeless 
ruins.  Money  was  constantly  leaving 
the  country.  People  were  driven  to 
crime.  Those  with  money  received  ap- 
pointments for  high  positions;  those 
who  could  pay  escaped  the  penalties  of 
their  guilt.  Merit  had  given  way  to 
money.  Shame  and  scruples  of  con- 
science were   laid  aside." 

Note:  Related  articles  in  preparation: 
China's  experiment  with  dictatorship 
and  bureaucracy;  the  invention  and  in- 
flation of  paper  money;  communistic, 
anarchistic  and  democratic  doctrines; 
companionate  marriage  and  eugenic  ba- 
bies; state  socialism  of  Wang  An  Shih. 


References:  The  "Chou  Li"  or  Rites 
of  the  Chou  Dynasty;  the  "Shih  Chi" 
or  Historical  Records;  "A  Short  His- 
tory of  China"  by  E.  T.  Williams; 
"History  of  Chinese  Literature"  by 
H.  A.  Giles;  "Outlines  of  Chinese  His- 
tory" by  Li  Ung  Bing. 


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Hi*    GIANT    AVI 


I 


April,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  7 


SOCIOLOGICAL    DATA 


CURRENT  INTELLECTUAL 
TRENDS 

(An  interview  with  Mr.  Y.  T.  Wu, 
editor-in-chief,  Association  Press,  Na- 
tional Committee  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in 
China.) 

What  do  the  serious-minded  edu- 
cated youths  of  China  think  about  to- 
day? With  the  influx  of  so  many  sys- 
tems of  Western  philosophies  and  philo- 
sophic ideas,  from  atheism  to  Marxian 
dialectic  materialism,  bombarding  the 
uncertain  minds  of  the  country's  young 
intellectuals  during  the  past  decade  or 
more  which  of  these  ideas  finds  the 
most  hospitable  reception  by  these  youth? 
Much  has  been  said  about  radical 
thoughts  among  the  youth  in  China  to- 
day, but  what  kind  of  radical  thoughts? 
Socialism?  Fascism?  Communism? 

China's  existing  system  of  education 
has  much  to  do  with  its  intellectual 
trends.  How  is  Young  China  being 
educated?  And  how  successful  is  illiter- 
acy being  fought  by  the  government? 

The  press,  too,  has  something  to  do 
with  the  thoughts  of  China's  youths  to- 
day.  What  can  be  said  of  it? 

It  was  with  these  questions  in  mind 
that  the  writer  approached  Mr.  Wu.  But 
first  let  us  introduce  Mr.  Wu. 

Last  summer  the  Conference  of  the 
World  Student's  Christian  federation 
was  held  at  Mills  college,  in  Oakland, 
California.  There  the  American  dele- 
gation approached  the  Chinese  group 
asking  for  a  representative  Christian  in- 
tellectual leader  to  come  from  China  to 
speak  at  conferences  and  in  the  colleges 
and  universities  of  America.  The  name 
of  Y.  T.  Wu  of  Shanghai  was  recom- 
mended by  the  Chinese  delegation. 
Since  Mr.  Wu's  arrival  he  has  lectured 
at  the  Pacific  Southwest  Y.  M.  C.  A.- 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  student-faculty  confer- 
ence at  Asilomar,  and  delivered  a  series 
of  Earl  Foundation  lectures  at  the  Paci- 
fic School  of  Religion  in  Berkeley,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Y.  T.  Wu  is  editor  of  the  literature 
division  of  the  National  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
in  China,  and  it  is  his  responsibility  to 
translate  the  current  intellectual  trends 
of  the  West  to  Chinese  youths,  as  well 
as  to  edit  Chinese  literature  so  that  it 
will  reach  China's  youths  through  the 
printed  word.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Customs  college  (when  it  was  in  Pek- 
ing)  and  also  of  Columbia  university. 

Three    Tendencies 

When  questioned  on  the  current  in- 
tellectual   trends    in    China    today,    Mr. 


Lim  P.  Lee 

Wu  said  that  there  are  three  dominant 
trends. 

The  first  and,  at  the  present,  the 
most  influential  trend  is  the  radical 
trend.  This  trend  represents  the  think- 
ing of  the  people  who  are  influential  by 
Marxism.  This  group  has  grown  in 
number  since  1931.  Most  of  these 
people  are  not  Communists;  neverthe- 
less,  they   are   very   sympathetic   toward 


Y..  T.  Wu 


Communism  and  wholeheartedly  ac- 
cept the  Marxian  doctrines.  They  are 
very  critical  of  the  Nanking  govern- 
ment especially,  after  the  Manchurian  in- 
cident; but  within  the  past  year  or  so, 
they  have  begun  to  advocate  the  so- 
called  "united  front"  which  means  the 
admission  of  the  Communists  into  the 
government,  some  form  of  cooperation 
with  Soviet  Russia,  and  immediate  re- 
sistance to  the  aggression  of  Japan.  The 
leaders  of  this  group  are  the  leftist 
writers  under  the  leadership  of  the  late 
Lu  Shun.  Current  literature  in  China 
as  expressed  in  books  and  periodicals  is 
ve~y  much  dominated  by  this  radical 
trend. 

The  second  trend  may  be  called  the 
liberal  trend.  This  trend  represents  the 
thinking  of  the  people  who  stand  for 
national  liberation  but  wholeheartedly 
follow  the  leadership  of  the  present  cen- 
tral government  in  the  person  of  Gen- 
eral Chiang  Kai-shek.  They  would  ad- 
vocate social  reforms  but  they  are  de- 
finitely opposed  to  the  Communists. 
While  the  radicals  get  their  inspiration 
from  Soviet  Russia,  the  liberals  get 
theirs  from  democratic  nations  in 
Europe    and    the    United    States.    The 


leading  figure  in  this  group  is  the  well- 
known  Dr.  Hu  Shih.  The  influence  of 
this  liberal  group  is  on  the  wane,  and 
they  do  not  appeal  to  the  youths  of 
China  today  as  they  did  in  the  days  of 
the  May  4th  movement,   18  years  ago. 

The  third  trend  can  hardly  be  called 
an  intellectual  trend.  It  is  reactionary 
and  looks  back  to  the  golden  past  of 
China,  trying  to  adopt  the  old  Con- 
fucian virtues  to  contemporary  life. 
This  group  stands  for  the  status  quo. 
They  have  no  outstanding  leaders  of 
brilliance,  but  find  expression  among  old 
scholars,  some  retired  officials  and 
wealthy  merchants.  Even  the  New  Life 
movement  has  a  touch  of  this  trend  of 
thinking. 

Regimentation   In   Education 

Closely  allied  with  intellectual  trends 
of  the  nation  is  the  educational  policy 
of  the  government.  It  is  through  edu- 
cation that  the  thinking  of  the  youth  of 
the  nation  is  moulded.  The  writer 
queried  Mr.  Wu  on  the  educational 
policy  of  the  government.  He  reported 
his  observations  in  the  school  life  of 
China,  but  said  they  do  not  represent 
any  personal  opinions  of  his  own  in  this 
matter. 

The  dominant  educational  policy  of 
China  today  is  regimentation.  This 
is  expressed  through  compulsory  mili- 
tary drills,  tightened  curriculum,  and 
"joint  examinations"  given  by  munici- 
pal authorities.  (The  "joint  examina- 
tions" must  be  passed  by  all  students 
before  they  can  graduate.  They .  are 
given  by  education  officials  and  not  by 
local  school  teachers.)  The  students  are 
kept  frightfully  busy,  and  have  neither 
time  for  social  life,  nor  for  extra  curri- 
cular  activities.  More  pronounced  is  the 
intellectual  life  of  the  students:  they 
are  almost  told  what  they  ought  to  be- 
lieve. A  number  of  the  so-called  leftist 
books  are  prohibited  in  the  schools. 
While  the  students  seem  to  have  sub- 
mitted to  this  process  of  regimentation, 
without  much  grumbling,  even  with  ap- 
preciation in  some  cases,  there  are  to  be 
found  many  instances  of  inward  revolt. 
This  is  especially  true  in  regard  to  anti- 
Japanese  expressions  which  are  regarded 
as  reactionary  by  certain  officials  of  the 
government. 

The  Fight  Against  Illiteracy 

The  masses  of  China  constitute  the 
real  backbone  of  the  matter.  Properly 
guided  and  educated  they  will  be  the 
strength  of  a  modern  nation.  Mr.  Wu 
was  questioned  on  the  problem  of  illit- 
eracy and  mass  education  in  China.  He 
answered  thus: 


^^-~-  ~. 


Page  8 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


April,  1937 


SOCIOLOGICAL    DATA 


Tlie  percentage  of  illiteracy  in  China 
is  still  very  high,  over  80 /V ,  in  spite  of 
efforts  of  many  literacy  movements  in 
the  last  ten  years.  In  view  of  the  diffi- 
culty of  the  Chinese  language,  during 
the  past  year  or  so,  a  new  system  has 
been  devised.  The  Chinese  characters 
in  blocks  are  done  away  with,  and  an 
alphabet  is  used  in  their  place  so  that 
the  Chinese  language  becomes  "Latin- 
ized." This  new  language  may  be 
learned  in  a  month  and  the  equipment 
costs  but  a  few  cents.  The  students  and 
the  common  people  have  used  this  lan- 
guage a  g-eat  deal  since  the  student 
movement  of  December  9,  1935.  The 
government  looks  upon  this  language 
with  suspicion  since  it  originated  in 
Vladivostok  and  was  first  used  among 
the  Chinese  in  Soviet  Russia.  Because 
of  its  o'igin,  the  government  has  pro- 
hibited its  use  in  publications  and  per- 
iodicals. 

But  in  spite  of  the  high  percentage 
of  illiteracy,  the  social  intelligence  or 
the  people  has  advanced  a  great  deal. 
Due  to  the  aggression  of  the  Japanese, 
mass  education  has  progressed  through 
the  Chinese  movies,  popular  songs,  lec- 
ture groups  conducted  by  students,  and 
other  mass  appeals.  The  people  are  be- 
ginning to  awaken  to  what  is  happening 
to  their  country. 

Severe  Press  Censorship 

Intellectual  trends,  education,  and 
mass  movements  find  their  reactions  and 
direction  in  the  press  of  the  nation.  As 
an  editor  Mr.  Wu  is  well  qualified  to 
comment  on  the  press  of  China. 

The  press  is  anything  but  free  in 
China,  as  the  freedom  of  the  press  is 
understood  in  America.  This  is  partic- 
ularly so  after  the  Manchurian  inci- 
dent. The  daily  editions  are  severely 
censored,  day  by  day,  and  one  often 
sees  blank  spaces  in  the  daily  papers 
which  indicates  censorship  of  the  press. 
Because  of  this  control,  the  people  a;e 
kept  in  the  dark  about  many  things  in 
internal  politics  and  foreign  policies. 
This  censorship  applies  to  Chinese  pa- 
pers published  in  Chinese  territory  as 
well  as  in  foreign  settlements  where 
extrater-itoriality  still  prevails.  But  the 
foreign  press  in  China  is  exempt  from 
this  censorship  and  for  this  reason,  the 
English-reading  Chinese  generally  go  to 
the  foreign  press  to  get  the  news  they 
cannot  get  from  the  Chinese  press.  It 
is  the  unanimous  opinion  of  the  news- 
paper men  and  educated  public  that 
there  should  be  freedom  of  the  press 
as  prescribed  in  the  existing  codes  of 
China. 


CHINATOWN'S  MORTALITY 
RATE  IN  1936 

A  total  of  179  Chinese  died  in 
San  Francisco  during  1936,  accord- 
ing to  the  annual  figures  recently 
tabulated  by  the  San  Francisco 
Health  department.  Of  the  num- 
ber of  deaths,  145  were  males  and 
34  were  females.  The  total  mor- 
tality rate  among  Chinese  here  in 
1936  was  16  less  than  in  1935. 

Pulmonary  and  other  forms  of 
tuberculosis  head  the  list  among 
the  chief  causes  of  death  of  Chinese 
in  this  city  last  year,  its  toll  being 
44  victims.  Deaths  from  heart  dis- 
ease, 37,  follow  a  close  second. 
Deaths  from  other  causes  include 
pneumonia,  cerebral  hemorrhage, 
syphilis,  meningitis,  accidental 
deaths,   and   suicides. 

Two  hundred  twenty-six  babies 
were  born  during  1936,  including 
127  boys  and  99  girls. 


THE  HEALTH  OF  CHINATOWN 

By  Edwin  Owyang 

(The  following  article  is  the  first  of  a 
series  on  community  welfare  problems 
written  by  guest  contributors  for  this 
department.  Edwin  Owyang  is  a  native 
cf  San  Francisco  and  at  present  is  a 
medical  student  at  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley.  Readers'  opinions  and 
helpful  criticisms  are  welcomed  by  this 
department. — L.  P.  L.) 


Health,  although  of  vital  importance, 
is  regarded  lightly  by  Chinatown 
as  a  whole.  There  are  obviously  many 
conditions  that  are  common  to  both 
Chinese  and  Americans;  but  if  one 
should  make  a  more  thorough  investi- 
gation, he  would  find  conditions  more 
or  less  peculiar  to  Chinatown  alone, 
many  of  which  reflect  unfavorably  on 
our  community.  Because  of  this  reason, 
it  is  important  that  such  facts  should 
be  known  by  all,  with  the  hope  that 
attempts  would  be  made  to  remedy  such 
conditions. 

The  statistics  given  here  are  from 
the  latest  compilations  of  the  Public 
Health  depa-tment,  with  some  from  a 
general  Chinatown  survey  conducted  in 
1934.  Both  show  that  pulmonary  tu- 
berculosis is  the  main  "scourge"  among 
the  Chinese.  More  Chinese  die  from 
this  disease  than  from  any  other,  the 
T.  B.  mortality  rate  being  almost  three 
times  as  high  as  that  of  San  Francisco 
in    gene-al,    or    146    Chinese    deaths    to 


59   for  San  Francisco,  according  to  the 
figures  of   1935. 

Recent  T.  B.  Survey 

A  survey  made  in  April,  1936,  of  the 
tuberculosis  cases  in  the  San  Francisco 
hospital  shows  that  the  Chinese  district, 
with  about  16,000  inhabitants,  contrib- 
utes to  the  T.  B.  wards  in  the  follow- 
ing manner: 

Between  the  ages  of  0-5  years,  14.7 
per  cent;  6-10,  34  per  cent;  11-15,  39 
per  cent;  16-25,  13  per  cent.  In  view 
of  the  relatively  small  population,  the 
percentage   is   astoundingly   high. 

There  must  be  a  great  many  un- 
treated cases  as  well  as  those  under  pri- 
vate care  but  not  reported.  This  is 
shown  by  the  low  proportion  of  re- 
ported cases  to  correlate  with  the  great 
number  of  deaths.  Overcrowding,  poor 
hygiene  and  sanitation,  and  inadequate 
diets  all  contribute  to  lower  resistance 
and  high  incidence.  There  is  a  gradual 
but  definite  decrease  of  T.  B.  in  the 
entire  countrv,  but  no  significant  drop 
among  the  Chinese.  Incidentally,  the 
prevalence  of  T.  B.  in  New  York  citv 
is  also  led  by  the  Chinese  there,  which 
gives  one  the  idea  that  there  may  be 
a    racial    susceptibility   involved. 

In  contrast  to  pulmonary  T.  B.  as 
the  chief  cause  of  death  among  the 
Chinese,  it  is  only  sixth  in  the  entire 
city  and  national.  The  other  lead- 
ing causes  of  death  are  common  to 
both  except  that  heart  disease  is  the 
predominant  cause  throughout  the 
country  as  a  whole.  Both  groups  have 
cancer,  pneumonia,  and  kidney  diseases 
as  other  important  causes. 

Contagious  Diseases  and  Mortality' 

Chinatown  had  a  low  incidence  of 
contagious  diseases  in  1935-36,  in  spite 
of  widespread  epidemics  throughout 
the  city.  For  example,  it  escaped  from 
a  scarlet  fever  epidemic.  Of  the  minor 
diseases,  the  rates  are  suprisingly  low. 
During  the  last  four  years  there  has 
been  no  widespread  measles  epidemic 
in  Chinatown,  although  the  three-vear 
evele  was  carefully  watched  for.  It  is 
possible  that  the  close  contact  in  con- 
gested houses  may  tend  to  develop  im- 
munity among  the  children;  however, 
this  is  hypothetical,  and  it  should  not 
be  used  as  a  support  for  the  existing 
ove-crowded    conditions. 

Although  the  local  Chinese  popula- 
tion has  decreased,  the  Chinese  have  a 
relatively  high  birth  rate  and  a  relative 
ly  low  death  rate,  the  latter  being 
greatly  due  to  a  decreasing  infant  mor- 
( Continued   on    page    ti ) 


it 


April,   1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  9 


THE     JADE    BOX 


SPRINGTIME 

Windsor's  Wally,  on  a  shopping  tour 
recently  flatly  denied  she  was  preparing 
a  trousseau.  However,  she  said  that  wo- 
men everywhere  at  this  time  are  going 
over  their  wardrobes  and  are  having  a 
renewed  interest  in  clothes.  Truly, 
Springtime  spells  new  clothes  for  wo- 
men— for  us  as  well  as  for  the  world's 
charm  woman  number  one. 

But  Spring  has  other  spells  for  us  if  we 
but  call  "time  out"  long  enough  to  re- 
spond to  her  other  tantalizing  charms  as 
mother  nature  casts  her  magic  wand  and 
transforms  this  season  into  the  loveliest 
of  all  seasons. 

Spring  brings  joyousness  and  music! 
Youthful  hearts,  listening,  turn  to  laugh- 
ter and  love.  Sunsets  draw  us  to  quiet 
meditations,  happy  thoughts.  Moonlit 
nights  become  glorious  interludes.  The 
soft  caresses  of  Spring  wind  whisper 
poetry  into  our  ears  which  language  can- 
not convey. 

Spring  spells  beauty  and  peacefulness! 
Nature,  quickening  again  to  the  call  of 
growth  and  activity,  brings  us  a  new 
awakening  which  sends  our  souls  heaven- 
ward. 

Spring — soft  rains  and  streaming  sun- 
light, rainbows  of  ethereal  beauty  and 
sweet  healing  breezes:  all  these  have 
their  magical  powers,  enjoyable  and  ir- 
resistible. 

So,  "time  out"  for  Springtime  and 
music  with  Li  Po  (701-762)  of  the  glor- 
ious Tang  dynasty  as  he  sang^— 

On  Hearing  the  Flute  at  Lo-Cheng 

One  Spring  Night 

(Translation  by  Obata) 

Whence   comes   this   voice  of  the  sweet 

bamboo, 
■Flying  in  the  dark? 
It  flies  with  the  Spring  wind, 
Hovering  over  the  city  of  ho. 
How  memories  of  home  come  back,  to- 
night! 
Hark!    the    plaintive   tune    of   "Willow- 
breaking  ".  .  . 
"Ohs"    and    rrAhs"    when    Ladies    meet. 

o 

COLOR  COMBINATIONS  of  car- 
nelian  red  and  dim  grey;  pale  pink  or 
pale  blue  with  black;  flame  orange  and 
navy  blue. 

o 

COLORED  SHOES  with  daytime 
frocks;  peeping  toes;  a  red  evening  san- 
dal on  the  left  foot  and  a  green  one  on 
the  right. 

o 

ANKLE  LENGTH  evening  dresses 
in  flounces  of  chiffon  or  gay  stripes. 


P'ing  Yu 


BEAUTY  IN  THE  HOME 

Almost  every  home  in  Chinatown  has 
a  beautiful  plant  but  unfortunately  every 
plant  has  not  a  good  home. 

To  provide  an  attractive  environment 
for,  say,  a  pretty  Chinese  "Doe-Guen" 
(azalea),  so  popular  this  season,  certain 
conditions  are  essential. 

To  begin  with  give  it  plenty  of  light. 
Allow  room  for  everything  so  nothing  wil' 
be  in  its  way.  As  sunlight  is  necessary  for 
growing  things  don't  forget  to  see  that 
your  room  is  flooded  with  it. 

Neither  too  much  heat  nor  cold  is 
good.  The  ideal  temperature  calls  for 
warmth  but  with  fresh  air.  Above  all, 
ventilation  must  not  be  sacrificed  as 
plants,  too,  must  breathe.  In  order  that 
the  plant  does  not  suffocate,  keep  the 
leaves  clean  as  dust  clogs  the  pores. 

Regular  care  is  better  than  a  spasmodic 
overdose.  A  simple  daily  examination 
works  wonders  whereas  excessive  coax- 
ing whenever  one  is  in  the  mood  deters 
proper  growth. 

Innately,  the  Chinese  people  are 
attuned  to  a  deep  appreciation  of  beauty. 


The  growing  of  <beautiful  flowers  is  but 
one  of  their  many  good  old  fashioned 
virtues.  Gardens  and  their  relations  with 
the  home  and  mode  of  living  have  long 
been  a  cultivated  art  with  the  Chinese. 

Some  of  Chinatown's  favorite  flowers 
are  the  peony,  (mow  din) ;  the  chrysan- 
themum (gook  fah) ;  the  Chinese  water 
lily  (suey  sin  fah) ;  the  camelia  (chah 
fah) ;  and  the  daphne  (gum  been  suey 
heong) . 

Flowers  can  indeed  transform  a  home, 
giving  it  a  more  pleasing  and  civilizing 
influence.  Such  a  center  for  our  homey 
activities  gives  one  not  only  beauty  and 
serenity,  but  satisfaction  which  knows  no 
bounds. 


HATS  with  vivid  wings  veils  flowing 
chiffon  tails,  cherries,  flowers,  and  more 
flowers. 


CLEVER  CLIPS,  exotic  lapel  decora- 
tions, buttons  and  belts,  loud  sashes,  be- 
wiching  boleres,  jaunty  jacket  or  cape 
ensembles  in  stripes  or  plaids,  multi-col- 
ored scarfs  of  paisley  or  peasant  design. 


New  Officers  of  Portland  Chinese  Women's  Club 

The  C.  W.  C.  is  considered  one  of  the  most  active  organizations  among  the 
Portland  Chinese.  This  group  was  formed  during  China's  flood  disaster  in  1931  to 
help  gather  clothing  and  other  material  necessities  for  the  flood  sufferers.  Recently 
a  house  to  house  canvass  was  made  by  the  members  to  raise  funds  in  behalf  of  the 
Red  Cross  to  aid  flood  refugees  in  midwestern  states. 

The  officers  are,  seated,  left  to  riaht:  Mrs.  Margaret  Seito  Wong,  president; 
Mrs.  Stanley  Chin.  Standing,  left  to  right,  Mrs.  Winge  Hong  Lee,  Mrs.  Park  Chin, 
and  Dr.  G.  H.  Chan. 


Poge  10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,  1937 


THE    JADE    BOX 


GOUCHUNG  GOH   • 

A  pudding  9  layers  high!  Can  you 
picture  anything  so  deliciously  fasci- 
nating? Gouching  Goh  is  a  fitting  dessert 
for  any  dinner,  or  even  for  just  a  snack 
with  a  nice,  hot  cup  of  oolong  tea. 

Before  you  slip  on  that  adorable  blue 
ap-on  let's  go  down  to  one  of  our  Chi- 
nese grocery  stores  and  get: 

1  package  "mah  tu  fun" 

1  %  pounds  "Wong  Tong" 

First  put  4  cups  of  "mah  tu  fun" 
(Chinese  flour)  in  a  mixing  bowl.  Dis- 
solve the  "wong  tong"  (Chinese  brown 
sugar)  in  %  cup  of  water  over  a  slow 
fire. 

With  a  little  water  knead  the  flour 
into  dough.  Gradually  add  more  water 
until  the  dough  becomes  of  a  consis- 
tency a  little  thicker  than  waffle  batter. 
Now  add  the  dissolved  "wong  tong." 

Using  a  10  inch  pan  (aluminum  or 
enamel,  about  3  or  4  inches  deep)  pour 
in  just  enough  batter  to  form  a  V%  inch 
layer.  Place  pan  in  a  covered  kettle 
with  enough  rapidly  boiling  water  to 
steam  cook  the  batter.  This  should  re- 
quire about  10  minutes,  when  the  batter 
becomes  transparent.  (As  the  water 
evaporates  in  the  kettle  add  more  boil- 
ing water.) 

Remove  pan  from  kettle.  Pour  in  an- 
other layer  of  batter,  replace  and  steam 
cook  this  layer.  Repeat  until  there  are 
5  or  9  or  as  many  layers  as  you  wish. 

There  is  something  to  remember.  Be 
sure  each  layer  is  done  before  pouring 
on  the  next.  Unless  this  is  observed  the 
undone  layer  will  not  become  cooked 
no  matter  how  long  you  steam  it  after- 
wards. 


JADETTES 

.  .  .  .To  the  Chinese  Christian  Young 
People's  Breakfast  group  I  sauntered 
one  Sunday  morning  last  month 
(March  14th)  to  hear  Dr.  C.  S.  Mei, 
Chinese  representative  of  the  Narcotics 
commission  of  the  League  of  Nations. 
When  asked  how  the  percentage  of  wo- 
men opium  addicts  in  China  compared 
with  that  of  the  men,  he  replied  very 
convincingly,  "Women  are  better 
EVERYWHERE!"  (That's  something 
to  tell  friend  husband.) 

....  I  was  trying  to  collect  Jadettes 
around  some  of  our  community  centers 
and  discovered  that  the  Square  and 
Circle  club  of  professional  and  business 
girls  are  organizing  their  Circus  Var- 
ieties to  be  presented  on  May  23  rd  at 
the  Great  China  Theater,  according 
to   Mrs.   Thomas   W.   Chinn,    chairman 


of  the  show.  Not  satisfied  with  an  all- 
English  program,  this  group  will  in- 
clude in  its  repertoire  a  Chinese  play. 

....  Oh^  yes — the  community  has  been 
privileged  to  hear  a  series  of  health 
talks  at  the  Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  of 
which  Mrs.  James  Lee  (Jane  Kwong 
Lee)  is  the  very  active  coordinator. 
Two  talks  were  given  in  March  on 
"Food  for  Health"  and  "Fatigue  and 
Relaxation."  The  remaining  two  talks 
will  be  given  this  month  on  "Personal 
and  Community  Health"  by  two  nurses 
from  the  French  hospital  and  "Ma- 
ternal Health"  by  Dr.  Pennington  of  the 
Maternal   Health   clinic. 


FASHION  TIDBITS 

by   Dorothy   Wing 

This  month's  discourse  is  on  a  subject 
that  grows  in  importance  as  time  flits 
by. .  .  .  "chapeaux",  "head-gear",  or 
plain,  ordinary  "hat",  as  you  will, 
mad'moiselle!  We  honestly  believe  that 
no  one  item  can  do  as  much  toward  en- 
hancing your  wardrobe  or  lifting  your 
morale  as  a  new  hat.  In  the  milline.:v 
world,  last  year's  hat  is  as  definitely 
outmoded  as  the  horse  'n  buggy  and  all 
because  the  frilly,  feminine  mode  of  '37 
has  supplanted  the  severer  and  less  flat- 
tering one  of  '36.  Head-pieces  accom- 
panying tailored  suits  often  have  crisp 
net  veils  designed  to  make  the  efficient 
working  girl  appear  a  bit  less  intent  en 
scurrying  to  the  office.  There's  sumpin' 
about  veils  which  is  glamorous,  intrigu- 
ing, and  saucy.  Thus,  because  we  want 
to  be  all  of  those  things,  we'll  linger 
over  lovely  little  afternoon  bonnets  with 
floaty  wisps  attached.  And  your  prac- 
ticed eye  won't  miss  out  on  the  posies 
blooming  in  profusion  atop  perky  little 
straw  affairs.  These  two  items  alone 
should  gladden  the  feminine  heart  be- 
cause what  can  be  more  flattering  than 
they? 

We've  heard  remarks  time  and  again 
about  the  ageless  quality  of  Chinese  wo- 
mankind ...  in  fact,  the  average  Ameri- 
can finds  it  an  almost  insurmountable 
task  to  judge  accurately  any  given 
young  Chinese  woman's  age  offhand. 
And  this  piece  of  sagacity  leads  up  to 
the  fact  that,  generally  speaking,  we 
can  wear  off-the-face  hats  with  more 
facility  than  mest.  There's  a  definitely 
youthful  quality  about  this  type  and 
many  times  you'll  find  a  school-girl 
bow  perched  at  the  back  to  add  even 
mo-e  to  the  illusion.  More  'n  more, 
large  brims  are  invading  the  picture 
but  about  all  we  can  do  is  sigh,  sit  back 


and  admire  the  effect  because  our  col- 
lective stature  prevents  us  from  doing 
more  than  that.  However,  if  you're  tall 
enough  (let's  say  5  ft.  4  in.  or  more)  then 
by  all  means  attempt  it  provided  your 
heart  yearns  in  that  direction.  There's 
really  nothing  more  ludicrous  than  to 
watch  a  small  girl  trying  to  balance  a 
hat  which  looks  like  an  oversized  laun- 
dry basket.  S-O-O,  a  final  word  of 
caution  when  you're  purchasing  a  nou- 
veau  chapeau,  get  up  and  walk  about 
with  it  on  and  gaze  critically  at  yourself 
in  a  full-length  mirror  to  obtain  the 
end-result.  Too  many  of  us  are  inclined 
to  be  a  bit  lax  and  survey  the  effect 
from  a  sitting  position.  After  all,  doesn't 
it  follow  that  you'll  be  wearing  your  hat 
most  of  the  time  when  you're  walking? 
In  any  event,  we'll  be  USING  OUR 
HEADS! 


Philadelphia,  Pa. — Dr.  Livingstone 
Chunn,  M.  D.,  is  the  only  practicing 
Chinese  physician  of  this  city. 


Serve 
BELFAST 


BEVERAGES 


at    your    next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW   CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

820  Pacific  Ave.       DOuglas  0547 
San  Franci»co,  California 


A 


Ap  il,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page   11 


HARRY 
FAUNG 
■l-E£ 


SKETCH    OF   PEARL  BUCft 

An  ink  sketch  of  Mrs.  Pearl  S. 
Buck,  author  of  "The  Good  Earth." 
The  sketch  is  made  by  Harry  F.  Lee. 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENTS 

and  a  half  old  now,  but  even  in  such  a 
short  time  it  has  printed  valuable  articles 
on  Chinese  philosophy,  art,  architecture, 
the  drama,  fiction,  poetry,  unpublished 
letters  from  Justice  Holmes  to  Judge 
Wu  and  also  unpublished  letters  from 
D.  H.  Lawrence  to  Max  Mohr.  The 
three  other  editors  of  this  magazine  are 
Lin  Yutang  (at  present  on  leave),  T.  K. 
Chuan  and   Wen  Yuan-ning. 

Pearl  S.  Buck,  who  is  always  interested 
in  any  manifestation  of  the  creative  mind 
in  modern  China,  paid  this  worthy  trib- 
ute to  T'ien  Hsia  not  long  ago:  "Here 
are  leading  Chinese  minds,  deliberately 
holding  themselves  free  from  political 
bias,  to  work  upon  ideas,  and  through 
the  presentation  of  ideas  to  extend  world 
understanding.  .  .  .  They  do  so  in  bean- 
tiful  and  cultivated  English,  which  is 
a  pleasure  for  those  readers  to  whom 
English  is  a  native  tongue." 

Chinese  Recently,   in   a   conversa- 

Painting  tion  in  which  the  subject 

of  appreciation  of  Chin- 
ese painting  was  brought  up,  there  was 
practically  no  one  in  our  Chinatown  here 
who  could,  in  truth,  be  called  an  expert  on 
the  interpretation  and  criticism  of  Chin- 
ese painting,  ancient  or  modern.  Not 
long  ago  we  had  Mr.  Kang  S.  Hong, 
who  was  an  art  collector  and  who  had 
studied  Chinese  painting  for  many  years. 
Unfortunately,  Mr.  Hong  suffered  a  par- 
alytic stroke  some  months  ago  and  has 
since  been  confined  in  a  hospital,  and  is 
said  to  be   a  practically  incurable   case. 

With  so  many  Americans  and  our 
second  generation  young  people  inter- 
ested in  Chinese  art  today,  it  would  be 
useful,  and  perhaps  even  profitable,  for 
some  of  us  to  take  up  an  extensive  study 
of  Chinese  painting  and  become  authori- 
ties on  the  subject.  It  is  not  as  hard  as 
it  would  seem.  One  has  to  start  by  read- 
ing up  all  the  books  available  in  English 
on  Chinese  painting.  And  fortunately 
there  are  a  good  many  such  tomes,  writ- 
ten by  world  reknown  authorities  which 
should  be  digested  with  care  and  their 
contents   thoroughly   grasped. 

As  a  starter,  I  may  mention  a  recently 
published  book  on  this  very  subject  which 
has  gained  a  rather  wide  American  aud- 
ience. This  volume  is  called  The  Chinese 
Eye,  an  interpretation  of  Chinese  paint- 
ing, and  is,  happily,  written  by  a  Chin- 
ese who  is  himself  an  artist,  Chiang  Yee. 

The  author  undertakes  to  explain  the 
o-igin,  technique  and  symbollisms  of 
Chinese  painting  to  the  West.  He  traces 
the  beginning  of  Chinese  picture  writ- 
ing from  2500  B.  C.  and  on  down  the 
centuries.     He    shows    the    deevlopment 


Believe  it  or  not,  "The  Good  Earth"  is 
supporting  the  Irish!  For  Wang  Lung's 
farm  at  Chatsworth  is  being  converted 
into  an  Irish  village  for  the  coming  pic- 
ture "Parnell,"  starring  Myrna  Loy  and 
Clark  Gable.  Montague  Love,  whose 
self-portrait  you  see  above  plays  the  part 
of  Gladstone. 

JOTTINGS  FROM  A  REVIEWER'S 
NOTEBOOK 

John  Wu  and  "Reading  is  an  art  as 
Tien  Hsia  much    as    writing.     If   a 

man  had  attained  the 
spiritual  stage  of  selflessness,  he  could  en- 
joy  the  writings  of  another  just  as  whole- 
heartedly as  if  they  were  his  own  pro- 
ducts; for  they  are  but  a  record  of  the 
heart  throbs  of  humanity,  of  which  every 
individual  forms  an  integral  part.  As 
Spengler  so  beautifully  puts  it,  'one  great 
pulse-beat  operates  through  all  the  de- 
tached souls.'  " 

This  beautiful  paragraph,  an  expres- 
sion of  a  philosophical  mind,  comes  from 
the  pen  of  one  of  China's  best  writers 
in  English,  John  C.  H.  Wu,  lawyer  and 
essayist.  It  appears  in  his  newest  book 
of  essays  entitled  "The  Art  of  Law  and 
Other  Essays,  Juridical  and  Literary," 
published  by  the  Commercial  Press. 

Judge  Wu  is  better  known  as  a  literary 
man  than  as  a  lawyer.  He  is  an  editor 
of  T'ien  Hsia,  an  English  monthly  which 
is  devoted  to  the  "traffic  of  ideas"  and 
sponsored  by  the  Sun  Yat-Sen  Institute 
for  the  Advancement  of  Culture  and 
Education.  Of  all  the  periodicals  now 
published  in  China,  whether  in  Chinese 
or  English,  T'ien  Hsia  easily  heads  the 
list  in  the  cultural  field.   It  is  but  a  year 


of  the  line  and  brush  stroke  as  the 
fundamental  technique  of  Chinese  paint- 
ing. He  reveals  how  the  art  of  painting 
has  been  influenced  by  China's  long  his- 
tory, her  philosophy  and  her  religions. 
He  contrasts  and  explains  the  diffe-ences 
between  Chinese  and  Western  painting. 

This  book  was  not  written  for  art 
experts  but  for  laymen  interested  in 
studying  Chinese  painting,  and  serves 
such  a  purpose  admirably. 

It  has  been  said  that  Chinese  art  alone 
will  make  a  permanent  contribution  to 
universal  culture.  If  such  is  the  case 
then  a  comprehensive  knowledge  of  this 
subject  should  be  made  a  sine  qua  non 
for   every  educated  Chinese. 

New  Drama  We  have  mentioned  Dr. 
In  China  Shih    I.    Hsiung    several 

times  in  these  columns, 
he  who  adapted  "Lady  Precious  Stream" 
for  the  London  stage.  After  spending 
several  years  on  the  Continent,  during 
which  time  he  translated  "Lady  Precious 
Stream"  and  "The  Western  Chamber" 
(Hsi-hsiang  Chi)  into  English  and  had 
them  published  in  both  England  and 
America,  he  returned  to  China  some 
months  ago.  There  he  found  that  the 
modern  drama  is  being  introduced  into 
the  remote  interiors  of  the  country  by 
the  aid  of  much  government  money.  In 
other  words,  he  found  that  the  drama 
was  being  subsidized,  through  the  Na- 
tional Academy  of  Dramatic  Arts,  in 
much  the  same  way  as  the  Federal  The- 
atre Project  is  being  subsidized  by  the 
WPA  (Works  Progress  Administration) 
in  America. 

Mr.   Yui  Shang-yuen,  director  of  the 
NADA,    is    an    advocate    of    the    new 
(Continued  on  p.  18,  col.  2) 


Poge  12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINESE  FIGHT  ANTI-ALIEN 
LAND  BILL  IN  TEXAS 

Houston,  Tex. — On  Feb.  16,  a  bill 
known  as  S.  B.  No.  266  was  introduced 
in  the  Senate  of  the  Texas  legislature 
by  Sen.  J.  Franklin  Spears  of  San  An- 
tonio. It  was  referred  to  the  State  Af- 
fairs Committee. 

On  Feb.  22,  another  bill,  H.  B.  No.  640, 
exactly  similar  to  S.  B.  No.  266,  was 
introduced  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  the  Texas  Legislature  by  Repre- 
sentative P.  E.  Dickson  of  San  Antonio. 
This  was  referred  to  the  Judiciary  Com- 
mittee. 

The  provision  of  this  bill  was  ostensibly 
to  amend  Title  5  of  the  Revised  Civil 
Statute  of  Texas  of  1925  to  limit  the 
ownership  of  land  in  that  state  by  aliens 
ineligible  for  naturalization  —  Chinese, 
Japanese,  Hindus — to  reduce  the  time  for 
which  property  may  be  held  by  such  aliens, 
and  to  further  change  the  rights,  limita- 
tion and  exceptions  of  such  aliens. 

Articles  166  to  177  of  Title  5  of  the 
present  Statute  specifies  that  aliens  are  not 
permitted  to  own  any  land  in  Texas,  but 
exceptions  are  made  to  certain  classes  of 
aliens  and  in  certain  incorporated  towns 
or  cities.  Therefore,  under  present  laws, 
Chinese  as  well  as  Japanese  aliens  have 
acquired  properties  within  such  incorpor- 
ated areas. 

Under  the  bill  introduced  by  Spears 
and  Dickison,  however,  these  exceptions 
are  to  be  removed  altogether  so  that  no 
aliens  of  any  classes  or  aliens  ineligible 
for  naturalization — Chinese,  Japanese, 
and  Hindus — will  be  permitted  to  hold 
any  property  in  Texas.  Spears  explained 
that  his  bill  would  not  affect  property 
owners  now  owning  property  but  only 
those  aliens  who  come  into  the  state  from 
now  on.  Supporters  of  this  amendment 
declared  the  bill  would  enact  similar  laws 
now  in  force  in  California,  New  Mexico, 
Oregon  and  other  Western  and  Pacific 
states. 

Following  the  introduction  of  the 
Spears  and  Dickison  bill  the  Chinese 
Vice-Consulate  in  Houston,  Texas,  se- 
cured full  details  of  the  bill  and  transmit- 
ted the  information  to  the  Chinese  com- 
munities in  the  state,  located  mainly  in 
San  Antonio,  El  Paso  and  Houston. 
Immediately  three  Chinese  organizations 
were  set  up  to  protest  the  enactment  of 
the  bill.  The  Wah  Kew  Lun  Hup  Wui 
(United  Chinese  League)  was  organized 
in  San  Antonio;  the  Wah  Kew  Tuan 
Tigh  Wui  (Chinese  Association)  was  set 
up  in  El  Paso;  and  a  third,  composed  of 
American-borns,  known  as  the  Chinese- 


CHINA  PRESS  JUBILEE 

As  announced  in  our  last  issue, 
a  consignment  of  100  copies  of 
the  Silver  Jubilee  edition  of  the 
China  Press  arrived  here  from 
China  recently,  and  the  Chinese 
Digest  was  designated  to  act  as 
agent  in  handling  their  sale. 
This  special  edition  is  printed  in 
magazine  form^,  size  15  by  20 
inches,  contained  204  pages,  86 
informative  and  valuable  articles, 
and  lavishly  illustrated. 

A  few  of  the  articles  are  as  fol- 
lows: "The  New  Life  Movement 
in  China,"  by  Madame  Chiang 
Kai-Shek;  "Financial  Recon- 
struction of  Modern  China,"  by 
H.  H.  Kung;  "History  of  Jour- 
nalism in  China,"  by  Hin  Wong; 
"The  Government  and  Overseas 
Chinese,"  by  Lin  Yu;  "China's 
Foreign  Trade  Since  1911,"  by 
P.  W.  Kuo. 

A  limited  supply  of  copies  is 
still  available.  This  special  edi- 
tion of  the  China  Press  is  invalu- 
able to  all  overseas  Chinese  inter- 
ested in  the  various  problems  and 
aspects  of  modern  China  from 
1911    to   the  present. 

Price  is  $2.50  per  copy,  plus 
postal  charges.  Readers  may  call, 
phone  or  mail  in  their  orders 
with  their   checks   for  copies. 


American  Citizen  League  of  Texas,  was 
also  established  at  San  Antonio. 

On  March  9  the  State  Affairs  Commit- 
tee met  to  consider  the  Spears  bill.  Chief 
supporters  of  it  were:  A.  L.  Becker,  head 
of  the  Handy-Andy  Company,  chain 
store  system  of  San  Antonio;  and  former 
Senator  Walter  Woodward,  representing 
the  Texas  Retail  Merchants  Association. 
Many  of  the  senators  present  did  not 
favor  the  bill.  Senator  Small  piped  up: 
"I  want  to  be  careful  about  what  we  do — 
if  the  Supreme  Court  is  changed  a  lot 
of  us  may  want  to  move  to  a  friendly 
land  and  buy  property!" 

Opposition  to  the  bill  came  from  two 
sources.  The  Chinese,  naturally,  wanted 
to  defeat  it.  But  organizations  directly 
connected  with  Texas  export  trade  to 
China  and  Japan  sent  telegrams  of  heat- 
ed protests  to  the  committee.  They  came 
from  Dallas,  Fort  Worth,  Corpus  Christi, 
Corsicana,  Greenville,  Waco,  Galvaston 
and  Houston,  centers  of  cotton  and  oil 
export  centers  which  sell  more  than  $15,- 


000,000  worth  of  products  to  China  an- 
nually. 

Testified  Mr.  Becker:  "We  are  not 
trying  to  persecute  anyone.  We  are  just 
trying  to  protect  the  influx  of  aliens  from 
the  Pacific  Coast  states." 

Questioned  Sen.  Holbrook:  "What  are 
these  aliens  doing — getting  a  root  in  the 
grocery  business  in  San  Antonio?" 

Replied  Becker:  "Yes.  There  are  some 
112  stores  there  owned  chiefly  by  the 
Chinese;  one  or  two  by  the  Japanese." 

Holbrook:  "Well,  haven't  most  of  these 
stores  been  established  a  long  time?" 

Becker:  "Most  of  them  since  Gen. 
Pershing  brought  the  500  Chinese  from 
Mexico  just  before  the  World  War." 

"How  many  Chinese  live  in  San  An- 
tonio?" asked  Sen.  W.  B.  Collie. 

"Senator,  that  is  hard  to  answer,"  re- 
plied Becker.  "But  in  the  NRA  parade 
in  San  Antonio  there  were  2500  Chinese." 

First  to  speak  against  the  bill  was  Mrs. 
D.  T.  Swain,  chairman  of  the  local  Inter- 
national Institute  as  well  as  organizer  of 
the  League  of  United  Latin-American 
Citizens.  She  refuted  Becker's  statement 
that  there  were  2500  Chinese  in  San  An- 
tonio. She  declared  that  there  were  only 
700  Chinese  in  the  entire  state  of  Texas 
and  approximately  300  are  in  San  Antonio. 
She  added  that  no  Chinese  citizen  was 
on  relief  and  few  of  them  were  ever  in 
criminal  courts. 

The  most  dramatic  speaker  during  the 

entire  hearing  was  a  Chinese  woman,  Mrs. 

T.  H.  Wu,  wife  of  a  Chinese  merchant. 

an  American-born  and  chairman  of  the 

local  Chinese  Division  of  the  Women's 

Democratic  Committee.  She  was  formerly 

Rose  Don  of  Tucson,  Arizona. 
o 

CHINESE  NAMED  TO  REPRESENT 

U.  C.  AT  NATIONAL  MEETING 

OF  MATHEMATICIANS 

Berkeley,  Calif.— Dr.  B.  C.  Wong,  as- 
sociate professor  of  Mathematics  at  the 
University  of  California,  has  been  K- 
lected  by  the  University  of  California  to 
represent  the  institution  at  a  national 
conference  of  mathematics  professors  to 
be  held  at  Columbia  university,  New 
York  city,  from  April  24-26th,  1937. 
Dr.  Wong  is  reputed  to  be  one  of  the 
best  minds  in  analytical  geometry  (See 
Chinese  Digest  Oct.  2,  1937)  and  will 
read  a  paper  at  the  national  conclave  of 
mathematicians.  Mathematicians  from 
Harvard,  Yale,  Princeton,  Columbia. 
New  York  and  other  leading  universities 
will  be  present. 

The  University  of  California  Alumni 
association  of  New  York  will  honor  Dr. 
B.  C.  Wong  with  a  dinner  and  a  reunion 
when  he  arrives  in  New  York  citv.  For 


April,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


over  a  score  of  years  Dr.  Wong  has 
taught  modestly  at  the  Berkeley  campus 
and  has  made  many  friends  among  his 
former  students  who  are  now  in  all  walks 
of  life.  With  this  national  recognition 
thrust  upon  him  the  Californians  of  the 
Empire  State  will  give  an  appropriate 
reception  to  a  distinguished  member  of 
their  Alma  Mater's  faculty.  Dr.  Wong 
received  his  M.  A.  and  Ph.  D.  from  the 
University  of  California,  and  is  the 
counsellor  of  the  Chinese  students  at  the 
University. 

Canton,  China — A  recent  census  taken 
by  the  provincial  authorities  showed  the 
population  of  Kwangtung  as  31,882,899 
persons. 


The  China  Press  Weekly  is  the 
English  supplement  to  the  China 
Press  Daily.  Its  weekly  editions 
cover  the    following  subjects: 

Current  events,  both  political  and 
otherwise,  throughout  the  country 
are  comprehensively  reported. 

Letters  from  special  correspond- 
ents stationed  in  all  parts  of  China 
serve  to  give  first-hand  informa- 
tion not  usually  carried  in  outgoing 
news  cables  from  China. 

Each  issue  contains  many  news 
pictures  of  outstanding  personali- 
ties and  scenes  of  current  impor- 
tant happenings. 

Translations  of  contemporary 
Chinese  literature  is  presented  in 
a  section  entitled  "Fiction  and 
Poetry."  In  poetry  the  Chinese 
originals  are  published  alongside 
the    English    translations. 

Editorials  of  the  week  reprinted 
from  the  China  Press  Daily. 

"We  are  desirous  that  the  Chi- 
nese abroad  should  be  adequately 
informed  on  current  events  in 
China  which  are  shaping  forcefully 
and  swiftly  towards  a  gigantic  end. 
To  those  of  our  countrymen  in 
the  United  States  who  are  English- 
speaking,  my  colleagues  and  I  take 
pleasure  in  presenting  the  China 
Press  Weekly." 

M.  T.  Z.  Tyau,  Editor 
China  Press  Weekly. 

The  office  of  the  Chinese  Di- 
gest has  copies  of  the  China  Press 
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per  year,  including  postage. 


CHINESE  AND  JAPANESE  FIGHT 
ANTI-FOREIGN  LANGUAGE  BILL 

San  Francisco — A  Senate  bill  intro- 
duced in  the  52nd  session  of  the  Calif- 
ornia legislature  now  meeting  in  Sacra- 
mento and  designed  to  control  the  foreign 
language  schools  in  the  state,  has  created 
apprehension  and  alarm  through  Chinese, 
Japanese,  and  Italian  educational  bodies. 
In  one  respect,  it  may  even  affect  aca- 
demic freedom  in  California. 

Introduced  as  Senate  bill  540  by  Sena- 
tor Jack  Metzger  of  Tehama,  Glenn,  and 
Colusa  Counties,  the  bill,  adopted,  would 
compel  the  licensing  of  all  foreign  lan- 
guage schools  by  the  State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, and  the  denial  by  law  of  any  li- 
cense to  any  foreign  language  schools 
for  minors  or  adults  who  are  citizens  of 
the  United  States. 

Section  3  of  the  bill  provides  for  cer- 
tain exemptions,  such  as  the  public 
schools,  state  endowed  universities  and 
subdivisions,  those  established  by  reli- 
gious denominations  and  certain  enumer- 
ated institutions  such  as  Stanford  uni- 
versity, California  School  of  Mechanical 
arts,  California  Academy  of  Science, 
Cogswell  Polytechnical  college,  "or  any 
other  college  or  university  receiving  aid 
from   the   State   of  California." 

Section  4  provides  for  the  visitation  and 
supervision  of  the  licensed  schools  by  the 
State  Department  of  Education.  Section 
5  states  that  appeals  regarding  decisions 
of  the  State  Board  of  Education  could 
only  be  made  review  in  the  State's  Su- 
preme Court. 

That  the  bill  is  highly  discriminatory 
in  nature  is  the  belief  of  many  foreign 
language  educators,  chiefly  Chinese  and 
Japanese  groups.  They  pointed  out  that 
the  passage  of  the  bill  would  perhaps 
open  the  way  for  similar  actions  against 
American  language  schools  in  foreign 
countries.  Certain  foreign  language  edu- 
cators believed  it  may  even  lead  to  the 
surrender  of  the  American  tradition  of 
academic  freedom  in  the  state  and 
pointed  to  Section  1  of  the  bill.  This 
section  states  that  no  person,  firm,  or 
corporation  shall  conduct  any  school,  in- 
stitute, or  class  "wheein  any  foreign  lan- 
guage is  taught"  without  license.  This 
can  mean  that  any  private  institutions 
of  learning  NOT  cove-ed  by  the  exemp- 
tions must  be  licensed  and  supervised  be- 
fore any  foreign  language  could  be 
taught,  whether  German,  French,  Italian, 
Chinese,  or  Japanese.  The  numerous  pri- 
vate junior  colleges,  the  colleges  and  uni- 
versities that  have  left  previous  church 
affiliations,  and  institutions  for  the  promo- 


tion of  international  cultures  are  not  cov- 
ered by  the  exemptions  stated  in  the  Metz- 
ger bill.  If  the  bill  is  passed,  will  it  give 
dictatorial  power  to  the  State  Board  of 
Education  in  the  control  of  the  teaching 
of  foreign  languages  in  California? 

Evidently  cultural  and  foreign  lan- 
guage teaching  groups  think  so.  The 
Northern  California  Japanese  Gakuen 
federation  and  the  Japanese-American 
Citizens'  league  are  studying  the  bill  and 
taking  measures  to  defeat  its  passage. 
Sylvester  Andriano,  former  San  Francis- 
co supervisor  and  at  present  attorney  for 
the  Italian  Consulate-General  here, 
voiced  the  sentiments  of  the  Italian 
people  that  the  bill  was  objectionable. 
The  Chinese  Educational  association  has 
asked  that  Chinese  Consolidated  Bene- 
volent association  (Six  Companies)  take 
the  lead  in  the  interests  of  the  Chinese 
language  schools,  of  which  there  are  ten 
in  San  Francisco  and  many  in  other  parts 
of  the  state,  to  combat  the  bill. 

The  International  institute  was  heard 
from  as  Miss  Annie  Clo  Watson,  its  sec- 
retary, voiced  her  protest  that  the  bill 
would  engender  anti-alien  feelings  in  the 
state  of  California. — L.  P.  L. 

NEW  DORMITORY  OF  CHINESE 
OLD  MEN'S  HOME  OPENED 

Honolulu,  T.  H. — Amid  the  loud 
blasts  of  fire-crackers,  Chinese  music,  and 
melodious  Hawaiian  music,  the  new  dor- 
mitory of  the  Palolo  Old  Men's  home  for 
Chinese  was  opened.  Clad  comfortably  'n 
loose  shirts  and  dungarees,  slippers  to 
slide  around  in,  the  inmates  stood  by 
while  visitors  inspected  the  new  quarters. 
A  feature  of  the  celebration  was  music 
of  the  Royal  Hawaiian  band.  Tea,  can- 
dies, and  other  Chinese  delicacies  were 
served  by  Chinese  women. 

The  new  dormitory  houses  40  people, 
in  addition  to  107  who  are  housed  at  pres- 
ent in  the  main  building.  The  oldest  and 
youngest  men  are  97  and  68,  respectively. 
All  the  inmates  were  born  in  China  and 
came  to  the  islands  over  fifty  years  ago, 
the  majority  to  work  in  the  sugar  cane 
fields. 

The  construction  of  the  new  quarters 
was  made  possible  by  the  local  Chinese 
organizations,  led  by  the  Hawaiian  Chi- 
nese Civic  association  and  the  Hawaiian 
Suga-  Planters'  association.  These  or- 
ganizations aided  in  the  collection  of 
about  $10,000  for  the  erection  of  the  dor- 
mitory. 

The  new  dormitory  was  designed  by 
Y.  T.  Char,  local  Chinese  architect. 
Total  c  >st  of  the  building  was  $12,000. 


Page  14 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


April,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 

R,aa+n'd.  An&uwd 

We  start  with  an  earthquake  this 
month,  for  a  miniature  one  rolled  a  lot 
of  us  out  of  our  beds  one  early  morning 
recently.  It  frightened  many  an  old- 
timer,  for  the  severe  rolling  motion  in 
Chinatown  from  Stockton  St.  up  re- 
minded them  for  several  vivid  seconds  of 
the  1906  disaster.  .  .  .Then  for  days  after- 
ward everybody  around  me  seemed  to  be 
talking  of  earthquake  experiences. .  .  . 
Which  reminds  me  that  Herbert  Fong 
was  in  L.A.  when  the  '32  quake  hit  that 
town.  He  and  a  friend  were  in  a  car 
pa^kt'd  on  Spring  St.  in  the  shadow  of 
an  old  building,  when  the  earth  began  to 
shake.  He  didn't  like  his  situation,  so 
grabbed  the  wheel  and  raced  out  of  his 
parking  place.  About  20  feet  away  he 
looked  back.  The  spot  where  he  was 
parked  was  buried  under  tons  and  tons 
of  bricks!  L.A.  nearly  had  a  crush  on 
you,  Herbie!. . . .  Wedding  bells  have 
pealed  for  Sammy  Yee  of  Marysville 
and  Esther  Lee  of  Chico.  .  . .  Wedding 
banquets  were  held  in  Sac'to  and  Locke 
to  celebrate  the  marriage  of  Hattie  Chan 
of  Sac'to  to  Leonard  Owyang  of  Locke 
....  And  nearer  home  Wing  Lew  of 
Oakland  and  Clara  Tom  of  Vallejo  have 
stepped  to  the  altar.  Both  are  U.  C. 
grads.  Another  pair  of  new  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
are  Charles  Kee  and  Jennie  Ng.  .  .  . 
Close  friends  of  Willie  Gee  and  Marion 
Tong  are  whispering  congratulations 
to  the  happy  couple.  They  were  sup- 
posed to  be  secretly  married  across  the 
state  line,  but  his  friends  got  wise  to  him! 
Happy  Congrats  from  this  column  to 
you  all!  .... 

Francis  Louie  Hay  passed  out  seegars 
for  the  third  time  while  the  Missus 
(nee  Emma  Wong)  looked  proudly  on. 
It's  a  7  pounder  baby  girl  named  Merle, 
yes  sir!  ....  The  S.  F.  Chinese  Tennis 
club  (Chitena)  is  putting  on  a  popularity 
contest  that  will  cover  lots  of  territory. 
Some  of  the  contestants  for  the  honor  of 
being  named  Miss  Chitena  are  Violet 
Yee,  former  Marysville  girl,  with  Kern 
Loo  as  manager;  Janie  Koe,  former  Port- 
land and  Astoria  girl  now  visiting  in  L.A. 
with  Tommy  Leong  AND  Dan  Lee  as 
managers;  Lily  Leong,  honor  student  of 
her  class  at  Lux  Institute,  has  Chickie 
Ch:nn  as  manager;  Marionne  Dong, 
Watsonville  lass  now  at  Cal  with  Her- 
bert Lee,  leader  of  the  Young  Repub- 
licans, as  manager;  and  Alice  M.  Chew 
of  Menlo  Park  and  a  track  and  tennis 
star,  is  managered  by  Bob  Woo,  insur- 
ance man.  .  .  .    Emma  Wong  of  Vallejo 


has  another  Vallejoan,  Frank  Tom,  as 
her  manager;  while  Rubye  Foo,  formerly 
of  Marysville,  has  Art  Hee,  local  sports- 
man. . . .  And  last  but  not  least,  Esther 
Tom,  popular  senior  at  Galileo,  is  man- 
aged by  Fred  G.  Woo,  local  newspaper 
reporter.  .  .  . 

Jimmie  Lee  of  San  Jose  escorted  not 
one,  but  4  gals  to  the  recent  Chitena 
skating  party!  "Did  you  fall  yet?"  was 
everybody's  chorus  at  both  the  Oakland 
Chinese  A.  C.  and  Galileo  skating  re- 
vels. . .  .  The  Wah  Ying  club  had  an 
open  house  recently,  with  Dan  Yee, 
George  LLm,  and  Park  Leong  doing  some 
nice  work  on  the  reception  committee.  . .  . 
Ever  courteous  Lee  Him  in  spick  and 
span  uniform  was  the  only  Chinese 
greeter  on  board  the  streamlined  S.  P. 
train  "The  Daylight"  when  it  was  placed 
here  on  exhibition  before  going  in  ser- 
vice. ...  A  happy  throng  was  at  Oak- 
land Chinese  Youth  Circle's  spring 
dance  to  do  honor  to  their  Queen,  tiny 
Miss  Lily  Soo  Woo.  .  . .  Tommy  Hing 
and  Gladys  Quock  trotted  off  with  the 
coveted  Waltz  prize. .  .  . 

Grace  and  Lona  Lowe  are  burning  up 
the  Cal  courts  with  a  nice  brand  of  ten- 
nis. .  .  .  And  P.  K.  Wong,  local  import 
man,  has  been  practicing  badminton  at 
the  playground  on  sunny  week-ends. 
The  game  is  not  as  bad  as  the  first  syllable 
of  its  name  sounds,  no  sir. .  .  .  Allen 
Chan,  Kuon  Dong  and  Fred  K.  Wong  of 
Sac'to  were  in  town  one  Sunday,  coming 
here  just  for  the  purpose  of  looking  at 
the  freighter  Frank  H.  Buck,  recently 
wrecked  off  Land's  End. 

Are  you  still  listening?  ...  A  house  to 
house  salesman  was  trying  to  sell  Mrs. 
Joe  Leong  (nee  Daisy  Leong)  of  Sac'to  a 
can  of  flea  powder  for  her  dog.  But 
while  the  lady  was  making  up  her  mind 
it  was  found  her  dog  had  been  stolen  and 
a  good  sales  talk  came  to  naught.  Dog- 
gone it,  I'd  say.  .  .  .  Earl  Goon  and 
Chin  Hong  of  Watsonville  were  seen 
visiting  friends  and  relatives  at  Auburn 


and  Sac'to.  .  .  .  Annabelle  Wong,  Chi. 
Dig's  N.  Y.  C.  correspondent,  left  that 
city  to  go  back  to  her  home  town,  Wat- 
sonville, where  she  now  is.  .  .  .  The  N.Y. 
Chinese  A.  C.  had  a  wonderful  time  at 
its  annual  dinner  in  the  Skyroom  atop 
the  St.  Moritz  hotel. 


Interesting    Articles   in    Recent 
Publications 

In  Amerasia  magazine  for  March 
(Vol.  1,  No.  1): 

1.  "China  and  American  Far 
Eastern  Policy,"  by  Frederick  V. 
Field; 

2.  "Political  Strategy  of  Tokio 
vs.  Nanking,"  by  Owen  Latimore; 

3.  "New  Alignment  in  Chinese 
Politics,"   by  Ch'ao-ting   Chi. 

"A  Chinese  Man  of  Letters," 
(interview  with  Lin  Yutang,)  by 
Vincent  Starrett.  Globe  (Vol.  1, 
No.  1)   for  March. 

"A  Chinaman  Takes  an  Ameri- 
can Wife,"  by  Pardee  Lowe.  A  con- 
densation of  two  articles  that 
appeared  in  January  and  February 
1937  issues  of  Asia.  Magazine 
Digest  for  March. 

''Doing  Business  in  China,"  by 
H.  R.  Gola.  Condensed  in  Maga- 
zine  Digest    for    March. 

In  Asia  magazine  for  March 
(20th  anniversary  issue) : 

1.  "The  New  Road,"  by  Pearl 
S.    Buck; 

2.  "How  to  Weigh  an  Ele- 
phant," by  Berthold  Laufer; 

3.  "I  learned  about  China  from 
Then,"  by  Nathaniel  Peffer; 

4.  "Tragic  Mountain,"  by  P.  K. 
Mok. 

"Free  Samples  in  China,"  by  Carl 
Crow.  In  Harpers  for  March. 

"Under  Chiang's  Hat,"  by  Jim 
Marshall.  In  Colliers  for  March  6, 
1937. 


UNlvEfcSIT)'  OP 
<AUF»QN1A  <H»NESE 
STUDENTS    CLUB 


INFORMAL 


APRIL  3,  1937 
INTERNATIONAL    HOUSE 

LEN     RAPOSE'S 


3:00-1:00 


pei*  cpik 

TAX    »NCL 


mu  Si  c 


V         a- 


April,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page   15 


CHINATOWNIA 


The  L.  A.  Chinese  Tennis  club  has 
Geo.  Chan  as  new  prexy  and  Ralph 
Wong  as  vice-prexy.  .  .  .  While  the  same 
city's  Mei  Wah  outfit  recently  had  a 
grand  skating  party  at  the  Shrine  audi- 
torium, and  plenty  of  liniment  and  pad- 
ding were  used  the  next  day.  .  .  .  But 
skating  continues  to  be  popular  with  the 
younger  set. . . . 

The  L.  A.  Chinese  Students  gave 
their  annual  collegiate  prom  in  honor  of 
L.  A.'s  Vice-Consul  and  Mrs.  Yi-seng 
Kiang.  .  .  .  New  officers  of  the  U.  S.  C. 
Chinese  Student  club  are  Young  Chiu, 
president;  Guy  Ho,  vice-president,  Elsie 
Young,  secretary;  and  Edwin  Dju,  treas- 
urer . . . 

Bill  Jing  is  new  prexy  of  Bakersfleld's 
Cathay  club.  A  new  organization  was 
formed  in  Bakersfield  recently  called  just 
plain  Chinese  Students'  Club.  .  .  .  From 
the  same  town  we  hear  complaints  from 
Al  Lee  and  Caesar  Jung  that  "S.  F.  is  too 
far  away."  . .  .And  how  true  is  the  rumor 
that  Kay  Lee  is  causing  a  break  between 
some  nice-looking  Romeos?  .  .  .  Larry 
Sue  had  a  great  appetite  for  chow  mein 
but  since  a  certain  gal  left  town  he  has 
lost  his  fondness  for  this  dish.  Now 
he's  drinking  bitter  tea,  I  presume?  .  . . 
For  the  title  of  "Curley  Top"  we  nom- 
inate Adam  Wu  and  Snooky  Leong. 
Who  are  your  candidates?  ...  A  large 
crowd  from  Bakersfield,  Fresno,  Visalia, 
and  surrounding  points  graced  the  Han- 
ford  Chinese  Student  Club  dance.  Ern- 
est Wing  toastmastered  at  the  party  given 
by  the  Hanford  CSC  to  the  Bakersfield 
Cathay  club  in  the  newly  opened  Lotus 
Bowl  at  the  former  city. .  . .  Yep,  they 
have  a  Lotus  Bowl  in  Hanford,  too, 
owned  by  Jimmie  and  Gladys  Lunn.  .  . . 

Bill  Got,  of  L.  A.  and  points  north, 
was  seen  sitting  down  in  front  of  Dr. 
Ted  Lee's  dental  office.  On  a  sitdown 
strike,  Bill?  .  .  .  The  Chinese  girls  in 
Fresno  turned  out  en  masse  at  the  recent 
basketball  games  of  the  Fay  Wahs  and 
cheered  for  the  boys  of  their  favorite 
team  to  win.  .  .  .  Charles  Leong  has  been 
elected  the  editor  of  his  school  paper, 
The  Spartan,  of  San  Jose  State  college. 
Congrats,  Charles,  we  knew  you'd  do 
it!  .  .  . 

Spring  rains  failed  to  prevent  the 
Tri-Chi  Spring  Frolick  from  being  a 
gay  party.  .  .  .  Frank  B.  Lim,  Eli 
Eng,  P.  S.  Chinn,  Al  Fong  and  K.  C. 
Kim  saw  to  it  that  everybody  enjoyed 
themselves.  .  .  .  Chickie  Qhinn  and 
Smoky  Joe  Wong  are  taking  over  the 
management  of  the  popular  Shanghai 
Coffee  shop  soon  and  plans  to  have  a 
swell  cook  there.  Well,  we'll  be  having 
chicken  with  you  soon,  Chickie! 


RECENT    BOOKS    ON    CHINA    AND 
THINGS    CHINESE 

"Introductions  to  Literary 
Chinese."  By  J.  J.  Brandt,  352  pp. 
Peiping,  Henri  Vetch.  U.  S.  $5.50 

A  study  of  the  best  in  ancient 
and  modern  Chinese  literary  writ- 
ings, with  the  Chinese  originals. 
Invaluable  to  English  students  of 
Chinese  Literature.  The  same 
author  wrote  "Modern  News- 
paper Chinese." 

"China  Hand."  By  James 
Lafayette  Hutchison.  418  pp. 
Boston;  Lothrop,  Lee  6C  Shepard 
Co.  $3.50 

Reminiscences  of  a  former 
American  tobacco  company  agent 
in.  China.  Illustrations  by  the 
author. 

"A  History  of  the  Far  East.  By 
Harold  Vinacke.  N.  Y.:  Crofts. 
Revised  edition  of  a  textbook. 

"Interracial  Marriage  in  Ha- 
waii." By  Romanzo  Adams.  N. 
Y.:    Macmillan.   $4.00. 

"A  study  of  mutually  condi- 
tioned processes  of  acculturation 
and  amalgamation."  Contains  a 
chapter  on  Chinese  interracial 
marriages  in  the  Islands. 

"Heroic  China."  By  P.  Miff. 
Pamphlet.  N.  Y.:  Workers  Li- 
brary. P.  O.  Box  148,  Station  D. 
15  cents. 

An  account  of  15  years  of  the 
Communist  party  in  China  from 
a    pro-Communist    viewpoint. 

"The  Romance  of  th  Calendar." 
By  P.  W.  Wilson.  251  pp.  N.  Y.: 
W.  W.  Norton  &  Co.    $3. 

A  comprehensive,  readable  ac- 
count of  the  calendar's  history  from 
its  beginning.  Contains  one  chap- 
ter on  China's  calendar. 

"John  E.  Williams  of  Nan- 
king." By  W.  Reginald  Wheeler. 
Revell.  $2. 

Biography  of  an  American  mis- 
sionary's life  in  China. 


LAKE  TAHOE  CONFERENCE 
FACULTY  ANNOUNCED 

San  Francisco — -The  Lake  Tahoe  Sum- 
mer conference  for  Chinese  youth,  an 
annual  gathering  sponsored  by  the  West- 
ern Department  of  the  Chinese  Student 
Christian  association  and  the  Chinese 
Christian  youths  of  California,  will  meet 
for  the  fifth  year  at  Zephyr  Point,  Lake 
Tahoe,   from   August  8   to    15th,    1937, 


Mr.  Edwar  Lee,  president,  has  an- 
nounced. 

The  faculty  appointments  for  this 
year's  conference  are  as  follows:  Mr. 
T.  Y.  Tang,  General  Secretary  of  the 
Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  San  Francisco, 
as  Dean  of  the  Conference;  Prof.  George 
H.  Colliver  of  the  College  of  the  Paci- 
fic; Mr.  Lawton  D.  Harris,  Executive 
of  the  Oakland  Church  Federation; 
Prof.  T.  Y.  Ni  of  the  University  of 
Nanking;  Dr.  Charles  R.  Shepherd, 
Superintendent  of  the  Chung  Mei  Home 
at  EI  Cerrito;  Prof.  James  Muilen- 
burg  of  the  Pacific  School  of  Religion 
in  Berkeley;  and  Rev.  T.  T.  Taam  of 
Los  Angles. 

The  1936  conference  was  attended  by 
some  125  young  Chinese  people,  and  it 
is  expected  a  like  number  will  participate 
this  year,  according  to  Lim  P.  Lee,  pub- 
licity chairman  fer  the  Conference. 


CHINATOWNIAN  CHINESE 
STUDENT  CLUBS  HOLD 
JOINT  MEETING 

Berkeley,  Calif. — A  joint  meeting  of 
the  Chinese  students  of  the  S.  F.  Junior 
college  and  the  U.  of  C.  Chinese  Student 
club  members  was  held  on  March  24, 
with  the  latter  playing  host  at  the  Ber- 
keley campus. 

This  was  the  second  affair  of  its  kind, 
according  to  David  K.  Lee,  the  U.  C. 
club  president,  and  is  intended  to  foster 
better  social  relations  between  the  stu- 
dents of  these  two  institutions.  He  an- 
nounced that  the  students  have  spared 
neither  time  nor  expenses  in  making  this 
an  exceptional  affair. 

The  LJ.  C.  Chinese  students  will  hold 
their  Spring  Informal  dance  this  year  on 
April  3,  at  International  house  in  Ber- 
keley, it  was  announced  at  this  meeting. 

o 

Oregon  College  Has  Exchange  Students 

Portland  Ore. — The  Phi  Kappa  Phi 
chapter  of  Oregon  State  college  launched 
an  exchange  scholarship  program  with 
Lingman  university,  Canton,  China,  two 
years  ago.  Since  that  time  three  students 
from  Oregon  have  studied  in  China  and 
two  from  Lingnan  have  come  to  Oregon 
State. 

Miss  Lai  Sheung  Luk  came  from  Can- 
ton for  the   1936-37  sessions,  and  Miss 
Chung  Kwai  for  the  1937-38  sessions  at 
the  Oregon  State  College. 
o 

Stockton,  Calif. — Joseph  Won  was  the 
winner  of  the  first  prize  in  a  literary 
contest  recently  conducted  by  the  Stock- 
ton California  Western  States  Life  In- 
surance company. 


Page   16 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


April,  1937 


SPORTS 


CHINESE  GOLFERS  BRIGHTEN 
TOURNAMENT 

Playing  in  the  face  of  a  driving  rain 
and  wind  that  sent  many  a  less  experi- 
enced golfer  to  the  showers,  Thomas 
Kwan  won  the  third  annual  Chinese  Golf 
Tournament  March  21,  at  Harding  Park, 
San  Francisco,  disposing  of  Glenn  Lym, 
last    year's   champion,   3-2. 

Lym  had  the  day  before  disposed  of 
Charles  Lowe,  2-3,  but  could  not  cope 
with  Kwan's  exceptionally  straight  game 
and  sensational  approach  shots. 

The  annual  San  Francisco  Golf 
championships  held  in  March  saw  the 
special  Chinese  flight  go  into  their  third 
annual  tournament  which  concluded  on 
the  20th. 

Sixteen  Chinese  players  started,  and  as 
this  is  being  written,  three  players  go  into 
the  final  rounds  of  the  tourney.  Charles 
Lowe  meets  Glenn  Lym  to  decide  who 
shall  meet  Thomas  Kwan,  veteran  sharp- 
shooter, who,  on  the  nineteenth  hole, 
gained  the  final  round  by  virtue  of  a  win 
over  Dr.  Daniel  Yuke. 

Started  three  years  ago,  the  special 
Chinese  flight  has  been  of  particular  in- 
terest to  the  golf  fans  of  the  city.  The 
first  year  saw  top  honors  go  to  C.  C. 
Wing,  attorney;  in  1936,  Glenn  Lym, 
youthful  University  of  California  grad- 
uate, took  home  the  trophies. 

Golf  in  this  city  has  been  indulged  in 
by  a  small  group  of  Chinese  many  years 
ago,  but  the  inauguration  of  the  Chinese 
Golf  club  and  the  first  tourney  did  not 
take  place  until  1935.  Prior  to  that  time, 
not  more  than  a  dozen  players  were  swing- 
ing clubs.  It  remained  for  C.  C.  Wing 
and  a  few  of  his  cohorts  to  bring  about 
the  formation  of  the  club.  In  this  they 
were  eminently  successful,  as  adjudged 
by  the  faithful  attendance  of  almost 
every  one  of  its  charter  members  in  the 
game  today. 

Most  of  the  sixteen  members  have 
gone  over  the  par  69  Lincoln  course  in 
the  very  low  seventies  and,  it  would  seem, 
will  be  able  to  compete  on  at  least  even 
terms  with  anyone  by  next  year,  a  close 
observer  stated. 

The  following  players  competed  in 
this  year's  play:  George  Jue,  Dr.  Collin 
Dong,  Charles  Lowe,  Henry  Lum,  B.  K. 
Chan,  Glenn  Lym,  William  Law,  Chin 
Yat,  C.  C.  Wing,  Hubert  Dong,  Thom- 
as Y.  Kwan,  Dr.  Lester  C.  Lee,  Dr. 
James  Hall,  Thomas  Leong,  Dr.  Daniel 
Yuke,  and  Dr.  Theodore  C.  Lee. 

The  defeated  eight  will  play  a  conso- 
lation medal  round  on  the  21st  at  Lin- 
coln   Park,    while    the    finals   will   be   be 


Coming  into  the  final  rounds  of  the  Chinese  Golf  Tournament,  the  four  players 
pictured  here  played  off  for  the  right  to  meet  in  the  final  round  March  21. 
They  are,  left  to  right:  Thomas  Y.  Kwan,  Dr.  Daniel  Yuke,  Charles  Lowe,  and 
Glenn  Lym.   Lym  is  last  year's  winner. 


played  on  that  same  day  at  Harding 
Park.  It  was  also  announced  that  the 
awards  will  be  given  immediately  after 
the  match. 

Trophies  for  the  winner  and  the  run- 
ner-up were  donated  by  the  Emporium 
(S.  F.)  and  the  National  Dollar  stores. 
In  the  consolation  round,  golf  balls  were 
donated  by  Lim  Foong. 

o 

SOFTBALL  GAMES  WANTED 

According  to  Manager  Frank  B.  Lim, 
the  University  of  California  Chinese  Stu- 
dent club  softball  team,  now  engaged  in 
playing  intramural  game,  desires  to  have 
a  few  outside  games  also.  Lim  may  be 
reached  at  606  25th  St.,  Oakland,  or  by 
phoning  Lakeside  2972. 


CHINESE  WINS  STATE 
CHAMPIONSHIP 

Hock  Ong,  Singapore  Chinese,  won 
the  California  State  Badminton  cham- 
pionship March  21st  at  Oakland  by  de- 
feating last  year's  champion  and  pre- 
tourney  favorite,  Chet  Goss,  of  Bever- 
ley Hills,  12-15,  15-4,  15-8. 

A  former  Cambridge  student  and  at 
present  a  post-graduate  student  at  the 
University  of  California,  Ong  covered 
too  much  territory  for  the  hard  hitting 
Goss.  Ong  was  also  a  semi-finalist  in 
the    All-England    tournament    last    year. 


HANFORD  BOWS  TO  BAKERSFIELD 

Staging  a  last  quarter  comeback,  the 
Cathay  club,  Bakersfield,  defeated  the 
Hanford  Chinese  Student  club  for  the 
second  time  this  year  by  the  close  score 
of  31  to  27  dn  February  5.  It  took  an 
extra  five  minutes  to  break  a  tie. 

H.  Leong,  J.  Dunn,  and  E.  Wing 
starred  for  the  losers  while  Adam  Wu  of 
Bakersfield  was  outstanding  for  the 
Cathays. 


FAY  WAH  FRESNO  BASKETBALL 
CHAMPIONS 

For  the  first  time  in  history,  a  Chinese 
team  managed  to  garner  a  championship 
in  the  City  of  Raisins,  Fresno,  when  the 
Fay  Wah  team  became  citv  champions  in 
the  minor  division  of  the  Playground 
league. 

Small,  but  fast  and  elusive.  Fay  Wall 
defeated  last  year's  winner,  the  tall 
Woodsmen  of  the  World,  bv  the  score 
of  25-17.  It  was  a  play-off,  both  teams 
having  tied  with  two  losses  apiece. 
Heroes  for  the  Chinese  were  Tov  Wong. 
Hiram  Ching,  and  Floyd  Sam,  with  Ir- 
win Chow  and  George  Wong  starring  on 
defense.    Mr.    Albert  Chinn,  coach   and 


April,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Pos«  17 


SPORTS 


manager,  deserves  all  the  credit  for  put- 
ting out  such  an  excellent  team,  close 
friends  of  the  team  stated. 

The  Fay  Wah  club,  most  active  group 
in  Fresno,  sponsored  the  Chinese  Play- 
ground and  Recreation  program  held 
March  18  at  the  new  Fresno  Memorial 
auditorium.  A  song  and  dance  number 
was  auspiciously  presented  by  Chinese 
girls  in  native  costume  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Miss  Sarra  Sann,  Mrs.  B.Y.  Lew, 
and  Mrs.  Raymond  Wong. 

WAH  YENS  UNDEFEATED 
QUINTET 

With  Edmund  and  Walter  Yee  cast  in 
the  starring  roles,  the  Wah  Yen  club  of 
Sacramento  captured  the  city  basketball 
league  championship  recently.  The  team, 
managed  by  Woodrow  Louie,  went 
through  the  hoop  season  undefeated. 
The  following  players  were  awarded  with 
medals: 

Edmund  Yee,  Walter  Yee,  Yuk  Fong, 
Fred  Fong,  Joe  Fong,  Melvin  Lee,  and 
Benjamin  Yuke. 

o 

Irwin  Chow,  Fresno  State  Chinese  stu- 
dent, earned  his  numeral  in  football,  be- 
sides  being   an   exceptional    star    athlete 
in  basketball  and  tennis. 
Sports  Activities  at  the  Chinese  "Y" 

Athletic  activities  were  many  and  var- 
ied during  the  past  month  at  the  Chinese 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  Basketball  was  the  main 
sport,  indulged  in  by  more  boys  than  in 
any  other  sport,  such  as  boxing,  wrestling, 
gymnastics,  volley  ball,  and  swimming. 

In  the  short  period  of  three  months, 
the  Chinese  "Y"  90-pounder  basketball 
team  took  two  championships,  the  De- 
cathlon and  the  Junior  Athletic  Federa- 
tion. The  team  is  coached  by  Frank 
Wong,  varsity  forward.  Regulars  of  the 
squad  are  Harry  Chin,  Theodore  Fung, 
Jack  Seid,  Maurice  Young,  David 
Chang,  William  Lum,  Donald  Fong,  and 
Mow  Keum. 

Every  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Fri- 
day night  is  Business  Men's  Gym  Class 
night.  Volley  ball  is  the  favorite  pastime 
of  the  group.  The  Men's  Volley  Ball 
squad  is  composed  of  these  members: 
S.  L.  Wong,  Andrew  Wu,  P.  K.  Wong, 
Kaye  Hong,  Philip  Leong,  Peter  Lau, 
Alfred  Lee,  James  Mah,  and  others.  New 
members  are  invited  to  learn  this  popular 
game. 

In  the  recent  Decathlon  Swimming 
meet,  the  Chinese  "Y"  swimmers  took 
second  places  in  Class  "A"  and  "B"  and 
were  third  in  Class  "C".  Central  branch 
won  first  places  in  all  classes.  The  Chi- 
nese swimmers  are  coached  by  Francis 
Mark. 


SPRING  TENNIS 

As  this  magazine  reaches  you,  the 
Spring  Tennis  tournament  will  be  under 
way  unless  the  weather  holds  it  up. 
Scheduled  to  start  March  20^  the  day 
before  saw  strong  winds  and  rain  in  the 
city. 

Sponsored  by  Consul-General  C.  C. 
Huang  of  San  Francisco,  the  matches  are 
to  be  played  off  at  the  Chinese  play- 
ground under  the  direction  of  the  Chi- 
nese Tennis  club. 

In  the  men's  singles,  seeded  players  are 
as  follows:  John  Tseng,  Peter  Gee,  Ben 
Chu,  Wahso  Chan,  Vincent  Chinn, 
Thomas  Wong,  Thomas  Leong,  and 
John  Lee.  Tahmie  Chinn,  last  year's 
Pacific  Coast  champion,  did  not  enter, 
nor  did  Walter  Wong,  the  runner-up. 
In  men's  doubles,  last  year's  titlists,  Ben 
Chu  and  Fay  Lowe,  again  occupy  the  top 
list  while  Thomas  Leong  and  Bill  Chinn, 
Walter  Wong  and  John  Lee,  and  Wahso 
Chan  and  Thomas  Wong  are  the  other 
seeded  teams.  Jennie  Chew,  Lucille  Jung, 
Hattie  Hall,  and  Francis  Jung  were  the 
seeded  players  in  the  women's  singles. 
Last  year  Erline  Lowe  won  in  the  wo- 
men's division.  She  pulled  a  tendon 
while  playing  basketball  earlier  this  year 
and  it  has  not  healed  well  enough  to 
permit  her  entering.  Mary  Chan,  another 
top  notch  player,  is  also  not  entered. 


LOCKE  HOOPSTERS  DEFEAT 
COURTLAND 

In  February  the  Locke,  California, 
Chinese  "A"  basketball  team  made  it  a 
fifth  staight  victory  over  Courtland  in  a 
thrilling  game  played  at  Locke.  Except 
for  the  third  quarter,  the  game  was  quite 
one-sided,  the  final  score  being  33-23. 
Ping  Lee  and  William  Jang  were  the 
big  guns  of  the  Locke  attack,  while 
George  Hing  featured  for  the  losers, 
sinking  five  basket  from  beyond  the  cen- 
ter of  the  court. 

In  the  "B"  encounter,  the  Locke  team 
also  managed  to  come  through  with  an 
unexpected  victory.  Ernest  Chan  and 
Henry  Choy  were  the  stars  for  Locke, 
while  Edward  Jang  starred  for  Court- 
land,  the  final  score  being  26  to  16. 

o 

SACRAMENTO  ATHLETIC 
ACTIVITIES 

A  ping  pong  tournament,  sponsored  by 
the  Sacramento  Chinese  Students'  asso- 
ciation, ended  recently  with  Fred  Fong 
taking  top  honors  from  Melvin  Lee. 

The  association  is  now  sponsoring  a 
softball  and  volleyball  tournament,  with 
a  Yue  Po  trophy  to  be  awarded  to  the 
one  who  amasses  the  most  points. 


EDITORIAL  NOTES 

International  Week  at  U.  C. 

The  idea  of  internationalism  is  a  theme 
which  seldom  fails  to  arouse  the  enthu- 
siasm of  idealistic  university  students  in 
America.  Too  often,  however,  it  remains 
just  a  theme  to  be  talked  and  written  and 
bandied  about,  and  stopped  short  at  the 
practice  point. 

Where  the  fault  lies  in  the  university 
students'  failure  to  practice  international- 
ism we  hesitate  to  say.  Perhaps  one  of  the 
reasons  is  that  internationalism  as  a  prac- 
tical ideal  has  never  been  properly  and 
adequately  presented  to  them.  There 
are  a  variety  of  other  reasons,  of  course, 
but  this  seems  to  us  a  major  one.  In  this 
era  of  nationalism  how  can  internation- 
alism be  created  and  sustained  in  the 
minds  of  the  students. 

We  are  gratified  to  learn  that  an  Inter- 
national week  will  be  held  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  California  during  April  14,  15, 
and  16.  It  is  eminently  appropriate  that 
this  institution  should  sponsor  such  a  pro- 
gram, since  it  has  one  of  the  largest 
foreign  student  enrollments  in  this  coun- 
try. An  International  week  will  natur- 
ally bring  this  foreign  student  group 
into  contact  with  each  other  and  with 
their  American  fellow  students. 

We  are  doubly  gratified  to  learn  that 
the  general  chairman  for  this  Interna- 
tional week  program  is  one  of  our  own 
second-generation  American-born  Chi- 
nese, Victor  Young  of  San  Francisco. 
It  was  Victor  Young  who  first  suggested 
such  a  program,  and  as  a  consequence 
was  elected  to  carry  it  out. 

There  are  some  160  Chinese  students 
at  U.  C,  and  it  is  our  hope  that  they, 
under  the  leadership  of  a  member  of 
their  own  race,  will  cooperate  with  en- 
thusiasm and  sincerity  to  make  this  Inter- 
national week  an  occasion  to  be  remem- 
bered long  after  it  is  over. 
o 

Have  you  a  moustache?  If  not,  would 
you  like  to  grow  one?  In  either  case  you 
are  eligible  for  membership  in  the  Chin- 
ese Moustache  league  recently  organized 
in  New  York  city.  Tsnue-Chi  Yu,  Con- 
sul-General for  China  there,  is  the  hon- 
orary president. 

"Song  of  China"  is  a  sound  picture 
with  English  titles  and  music  by  the  Wei 
Chung-lo  orchestra,  assisted  by  the 
Shanghai  Student  chorus.  The  produc- 
tion was  directed  by  Lo  Ming-Yau,  one 
of  China's  greatest  motion  picture  direc- 
tors. 


Poge   18 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


April,  1937 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


FAR  EAST 

(Continued  from  page  3) 
in  1882,  and  is  one  of  the  best  living 
legal  minds  in  the  country.  He  studied 
in  America  (Yale),  Germany,  and  Eng- 
land. While  in  America  he  translated 
the  German  Civil  code  into  English  and 
acted  as  co-editor  of  the  Journal  of  the 
American  Bar  association.  He  was  Min- 
ister of  Foreign  Affairs  in  the  Nanking 
Provisional  government  and  Minister  of 
Justice  in  the  first  Republican  cabinet. 
For  several  years  he  was  a  Judge  of  the 

International   Court   at   the   Hague. 
o 

CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES 

(Continued  from  page  8) 
tality  rate.  The  sex  death  ratio  is  five 
males  to  every  female.  A  knowledge  of 
prenatal  care  is  always  essential,  but 
Chinese  women  are  only  beginning  to 
realize  it  now.  The  small  number  of 
puerperal  deaths  and  stillbirths  is  due 
more  to  the  constitution  of  the  Chinese 
woman  than  to  actual  obstetrical  skill. 
It  may  be  interesting  to  know  that 
60  per  cent  of  all  Chinese  babies  are 
born  at  home;  75  per  cent  of  all  deaths 
occur  in  hospitals,  of  which  about  15 
per  cent  are  non-resident  Chinese  of 
San    Francisco. 

There  is  a  high  incidence  of  myopia 
(near-sightedness)  among  the  Chinese. 
Bad  teeth  is  another  problem,  due 
chiefly  to  a  faulty  diet.  Several  cases 
of  liver  fluke  infestations  were  found 
recently,  probably  having  been  infected 
while  these  men  were  in  China,  rather 
than  having  been  infected  here.  Since 
no  symptons  are  manifested,  many 
more  individuals  may  be  harboring  the 
parasites    unknowingly. 

Suggestions  for  Better  Health 
Chinatown  should  keep  pace  with  the 
city  and  national  health  programs,  es- 
pecially in  the  prevention  of  tubercu- 
losis. A  nation-wide  educational  cam- 
paign on  cancer  is  to  begin  soon,  in 
which  the  Chinese  community  should 
participate.  Another  important  campaign 
is  that  against  venerial  or  so-called 
"social"  diseases.  Newspapers,  maga- 
zines, clubs,  along  with  government 
organization  are  attempting  to  stem  the 
tide  of  this  group  of  infections.  They 
are  endeavoring  to  show  that  syphilis 
alone  is  responsible  for  half  a  million 
disabled  Americans  annually,  including 
10  per  cent  of  all  insanity,  18  per  cent 
of  all  heart  and  vascular  diseases,  and  a 
large  percentage  of  stillbirths  and  deaths 
of  babies  in  the  first  weeks  of  life. 
Chinatown  shauld  play  a  part  in  eradi- 
cating this  and  other  preventable  and 
avoidable    human    ills. 


It  is  apparent  that  much  of  the  exist- 
ing poor  health  conditions  in  Chinatown 
itself  can  be  attributed  to  housing  con- 
gestions, inadequate  medical  facilities, 
economic  factors,  and  general  indifference 
of  the  community  in  regard  to  social  and 
personal  improvements.  Public  health 
authorities  and  health-minded  individ- 
uals agree  that,  if  these  conditions  are 
corrected,  Chinatown  could  be  one  of 
the  healthiest  and  socially-stablized  cen- 
ters in  the  entire  city. 


(This  department  welcomes  contribu- 
the  Chinese  in  your  community.  Such 
.-ontributions,  of  course,  are  subject  to 
tions  pertinent  to  the  public  welfare  of 
editorial  condensation  and  revision. 
Please  communicate  in  advance  with 
Lim  P.  Lee  before  writing  an  article. 
Factual  data  and  original  research  infor- 
mation are  also  solicited.  It  is  the  ex- 
pressed hope  that  this  page  may  hereafter 
act  as  an  open  forum  for  discussions  on 
community  welfare.) 

o 

JOTTINGS 

(Continued  from  page  11) 

drama.  He  is  adapting  for  his  use  many 
Western  stage  ideas  which  he  learned 
during  a  tour  of  Europe  and  America 
not  long  ago.  In  Dr.  Hsiung's  opinion, 
the  NADA  is  now  taking  the  lead  in 
the  development  of  the  new  theatre  in 
China. 

The  eminent  playwright  admitted, 
however,  that  the  new  drama  still  has 
a  long  way  to  go  before  it  could  equal 
the  popularity  of  the  traditional  dramas. 
Since  compromise  between  the  new  and 
the  old  drama  is  practically  impossible, 
each  is  carrving  on  its  activities  side  bv 
side  and  the  theater-loving  people  can 
take  their  choice. 

It  is  encouraging  to  see,  though,  that 
the  new  drama  is  winning  over  many 
converts  through  sheer  artistic  merit. 
It  is  aided,  too,  by  good  plays,  some 
written  by  university  professors  such  as 
Dr.  Hsiung  himself,  T'ing  H si-ling.  Ma 
Yen-hsiang  and  Hsiung  Foo-hsi.  T'ien 
Hah,  a  prolific  writer  of  poetry,  fiction 
and  drama,  is  also  closely  associated  with 
the  new  drama  movement.  So  are  Hung 
Shen  and  Chen  Ta-pei,  who  write  as 
direct  plays. 

The  NADA  is  helped  in  its  develop- 
ment of  the  new  drama  by  a  private 
organization  known  as  the  China  Travel- 
ing Dramatic  Association.  This  group 
was  organized  in  1934  under  the  lead- 
ership of  T'ang  Huai-chiu,  who  is  a 
French  trained  aviator  turned  actor.  In 
its   three   years   of    life   the   CTDA    has 


found  that  their  audiences  liked  Chinese 
adaptations  of  western  plays  the  most. 
Their  repertoire,  therefore,  includes  such 
western  plays  as  Lady  Windemere's  Fan, 
Camille,  Eugene  Walter's  The  Easiest 
Way,  Moliere's  The  Miser,  Corneille's 
he  Cid  and  Tolstoy's  Resurrection.  Ca- 
mille has  been  a  popular  play  ever  since 
the  new  drama  came  into  being  in  China. 
Recently,  another  of  Tolstoy's  master- 
pieces, Povser  of  Darkness,  was  presented 
for  the  first  time  on  the  Chinese  stage 
in  Shanghai.  The  adapter  and  director 
of  this  play  was  Ouyang  Yu-ch'ing  (also 
O'Yang  Luchien) ,  a  founder  of  the  new 
drama  movement  in  China. 

^,.  ,         Ten     years     ago     ldwal 

Chinatowns         ,  '.       .       B  -    „,  . 

r^.,  Jones    (author  or  China 

Odor  d     \         •  l        l- 

Boy) ,  writing  a  short  his- 
torical account  of  San  Francisco's  China- 
town, penned,  among  other  things,  the 
following: 

"For  two  generations  San  Francisco's 
famous  Chinatown,  a  realm  of  banners 
and  scarlet  balconies,  as  colorful  as  Soo- 
chow  and  twice  as  odorous,  has  main- 
tained its  aloof  identity." 

Recently,   in  a   review,   he   wrote  this: 

"For  three  generations  this  famous 
quarter,  a  realm  of  bazaars,  alleys,  joss 
houses,  banners  and  vermillion  balconies, 
as  colorful  as  Soochow,  but  these  days 
odorless,  has  kept  its  identity. 

Has  Chinatown  eliminated  the  odors 
of  Soochow  from  its  midst  in  the  space 
of  10  short  years?  Contradiction,  please, 
as  Charlie  Chan  would  say.  Chinatown's 
odor  is  still  there,  though  not  as  heavv 
as  in  the  years  gone  by.  And  it  is  none 
the  worse  for  that.  Chinatown's  smell 
is  one  of  its  great  charms,  and  goes  with 
the  banners  and  scarlet  balconies  and  joss 
houses.  One  cannot  possiblv  conceive  of 
our  Chinatown  without  that  peculiar  odor 
all  its  own.  If  you  have  ever  read  Kip- 
ling you  will  remember  that  one  of  the 
great  charms  of  his  India  was  his  abilitv 
to  almost  make  you  sense  the  smell  of 
that  far-off  land. 

I  would  advise  that  ldwal  Jones  should 
come  back  and  poke  around  Chinatown 
cnce  more,  for  he  has  been  awav  too 
long. 


RICE  REALTY  CO. 

Real  Estate  and  Business 
Opportunities 


Mrs.  Beulah  Jung 

Chinese  Representative 

• 

Residence  Office 

1129  69th  St.  2714  E.  14th  St. 

Sweetwood  3054  Fruitvale  8841 

OAKLAND 


O. 


i  i 


April,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  19 


EDITORIAL 


(Continued  from  page  2) 
Progress  as  evidenced  by  the .  foregoing  partial  state- 
ment of  its  publishers?    Or,  putting  the  question  nega- 
tively, how  untrue  is  its  claim? 

FACT  No.  1:  The  Chinese  Progress  is  one  of  18 
San  Francisco  district  weekly  papers  distributed  free 
of  charge  and  published  by  the  Henry  F.  Budde  Publi- 
cations. The  publishers  and  editor  of  the  Chinese  Pro- 
gress are  NOT  Chinese.  Therefore,  while  the  Progress 
cannot  technically  be  labelled  a  foreign-language  publica- 
tion, yet  it  can  make  no  claim  to  being  a  Chinese  newspa- 
per. That  claim  is  highly  misleading. 

FACT  No.  2:  An  overwhelming  majority  of  the  Chi- 
nese in  America  do  read  Chinese.  This  is  proven  by  the 
very  fact  that  10  Chinese  language  dailies  are  published 
in  this  country,  five  of  which  are  located  in  San  Francis- 
co. The  Chinese  Progress'  contention — "Imagine  over 
50,000  people  without  their  own  paper  until  we  came 
along! — is  manifestly  false.  It  is  also  an  implied  insult 
to  the  native  literacy  of  our  people  in  this  country. 

FACT  No.  3:  The  distinction  of  being  the  first  and 
only  Chinese  newspaper  printed  in  the  English  lan- 
guage here  belongs  without  argument  to  the  CHINESE 
DIGEST.  When  the  CHINESE  DIGEST  was  first 
launched  it  was  the  first  and  only  Chinese  newspaper 
printed  in  English,  in  magazine  form. 

FACT  No.  4:  The  Progress  claimed  to  carry  in  its 
pages  full  and  detailed  resume  of  each  week's  happen- 
ings in  Chinatown.  According  to  the  CHINESE 
DIGEST  files  of  the  week's  news  in  Chinatown  prior 
to  the  first  issuance  of  the  Chinese  Progress,  the  follow- 
ing items  picked  at  random,  represent  news  of  general  and 
vital  interest  to  the  Chinese  community:  1)  the  dis- 
covery of  the  unidentified  body  of  a  Chinese  in  S.  F. 
Bay;  2)  the  announcement  of  the  S.  F.  to  Hongkong 
air  mail  service;  3)  the  announcemnt  that  K.  L. 
Kwong,  former  Chinese  consul-general  stationed  in  this 
city,  was  coming  to  this  country  again  on  an  important 
financial  mission  for  the  Chinese  government;  4)  the 
return  to  China  of  Ng  Doon  Foon,  well-known  local 
public  figure;  5)  the  resolution  voted  by  the  Chinese 
native  sons'  organization  to  vote  No  on  the  Anti-Picket- 
ing  ordinance  on  the  March  9  municipal  election. 

But  in  the  very  first  issue  of  the  Progress  the  above 
news  reports  were  conspicuous  by  their  complete  ab- 
sence in  its  Chinatown  news  columns.    Its  Chinatown 


coverage,  in  ten  columns,  reported  nothing  outside  of 
sports  and  social  affairs.  Is  one  to  believe  that  these 
items  constitute  "a  full  and  detailed  resume  of  each 
week's  happenings  in  the  community  life  of  San  Fran- 
cisco Chinatown?"  No  well-informed  Chinatownian 
could,  with  clear  conscience,  reply  in  the  affirmative. 

The  Chinese  Progress  trespassed  on  journalistic 
ethics  in  its  initial  issue  when,  under  the  caption  of 
"An  Open  Letter  to  Downtown  and  Chinatown  Mer- 
chants," it  reprinted  almost  word  for  word  an  adver- 
tising message  which  appeared  in  the  first  issue  of  the 
CHINESE  DIGEST,  dated  November  15,  1935. 

Also,  on  the  date  that  the  Chinese  Progress  first 
made  its  appearance,  its  publishers  committed  a  serious 
offense  to  the  Chinese  and  presented  a  piece  of  bad 
journalism  when  they  permitted  the  following  para- 
graph, which  purportedly  came  from  a  local  taxi-cab 
driver,  to  appear  in  their  Fillmore    (district)    Progress: 

".  . .  the  young  Americanized  Chinese  of  18  or  20  is 
about  the  most  cocky,  fresh,  belligerent,  and  all  around 
ornery  cuss  I  have  ever  hauled.  I  even  prefer  a  cab  load 
of  college  students  of  the  white  race  to  a  race  of 
Americanized  Chinese.  As  for  the  Japs,  however,  I 
don't  recall  ever  having  had  any  trouble  with  any  Jap- 
anese of  the  same  age." 

This  offensive  paragraph  appeared  in  the  "San  Fran- 
cisco Nite  by  Nite"  department  of  the  Fillmore  Pro- 
gress, and  presumably  also  in  the  other  district  papers 
of  the  Budde  Publications.  This  department  also  ap- 
peared in  the  Chinese  Progress,  but  this  particular 
paragraph  was  deleted,  since  the  publishers  knew  it 
would  offend  their  Chinese  readers.  Yet  these  same 
publishers  claim  that  the  Chinese  Progress  aims  to  serve 
the  American-born  Chinese  here.  One  may  well  ask: 
to  serve  them  in  what  capacity?  By  publishing  the  of- 
fensive paragraph  just  mentioned,  they  have  belied  their 
good  intention  and  their  claim. 

But  this  is  not  all.  In  the  March  12  issue  of  the 
Progress  this  item,  among  others,  appeared  on  the  front 
page: 

"How  good  was  the  burlesque  shows  last  week,  Har- 
old Leong,  Luther  Wing,  and  Howard  Ho,  and  a  few 
other  fellows?  If  they  are  worth  the  price,  let  me  know, 
so  I  can  find  out  for  myself." 

Does  good,  sound  community  journalism  sanction 
this  type  of  reporting? 


EDITORIAL    NOTES 


With  this  issue  the  typography  in  our  10   point  Cloister   as  the  most   practical 

little    journal    has    been    switched    to    a  and  at  the  same  time  visually  beautiful 

larger  uniform  type,  known  to  the  trade  type  for  our  purpose, 
as  10  point  Cloister.   After  many  months  In    the    past    many    of    our    devoted 

of  experimentation  with  various  sizes  of  readers  have  complained  that  the  typog- 

type  we  have  finally  and  definitely  chosen  raphy  of  the  Digest  was  too  small  and 


very  hard  on  the  eye.  For  these  readers, 
whose  point  was  well  taken,  this  change 
to  10  point  should  be  a  welcome  bit  of 
news.  As  time  goes  on,  still  other  im- 
provements will  be  made  along  this  and 
other  lines. 


Poge  20 


CHINESE     D  I  GEST 


April,  1937 


\; 


*&g£* 


An  Easter  "must" 
at  a  price  "bust"! 


$ 


32 


50 


SUITS   OF 

Gaveta.in.ei 

-H  cLotn  havozed  bu  well- 
dze55ed men,  and  ivozn  noz 
buiinell  oz  ivaoztl  iveaz. 
LLomoLnLna  eitnez  coat  oz 
tzoulezi  with,  a  aa.zm.ent  on 
anothez  habzlc  oz  coloz  15 
both  yizactLcaL  and  imazt, 
a5  It  £3  accepted  iru  well- 


dzelled  men   evezuurheze. 


X 


3 


GABERDINE    SLACKS 


QAKU^ 


MOORE'S 

HOME  OF  HART  SCHAFFNER  d  MARX  CLOTHES 

141  KEARNY      -      -       SAN  FRANCISCO 

EDWARD   "COLDAY"   LEONG— Chinese   Representative 

840  MARKET,  S.  R,  1450  B'WAY  OAKLAND 


Q- 


■  :;::wm 


Hill lllll 


r~ 


(3~^ 


COMM£«T  -  -    S©Cl«M.»-SC>OaTS 


Vol.  3,  No.  5 


May,    1937 


Ten  Cents 


PORTSMOUTH 

A  sunny  Spring  day  in  Portsmouth 
Square,  more  picturesquely  called  "Plaza" 
in  times  gone  by.  But  Chinatownians 
have  always  called  it  the  "fah  yuan," 
which  means  a  garden  or  park.  A  "fah 
yuan"  to  others  may  mean  any  city 
park,  but  to  Chinatown  it  is  always  this 
spot,  which  it  considers  not  as  an  histor- 
ical landmark  of  the  city  but  a  delight- 
ful part  of  the  community,  where  sun- 
shine, flowers  and  the  chirping  of  many 
birds  may  be  enjoyed. 

In  this  spot  the  first  American  flag 
was  said  to  have  been  unfurled  in  San 


SQUARE-CHINATOWN'S  "FAH  YUAN" 


Francisco.  Here  the  grounds  have  been 
hallowed  by  the  visits  of  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson,  and  the  monument  on  the  left 
background  is  dedicated  to  this  beloved 
weaver  of  romances. 

Portsmouth  Square  has  changed  little 
all  these  years,  except  that  the  trees  have 
grown  old  and  are  bowing  in  age.  As  of 
yore,  it  is  still  the  meeting  place  of  many 
races  and  nationalities  who  represent  di- 
verse stations  in  the  whirlgig  of  life.  Rich 
Chinese  merchants  rub  elbows  with  in- 
digent members  of  their  own  race,  while 
American    office    workers    chat    amiably 


with  sailors  on  shore-leave  or  down-and- 
outers.  O.  Henry,  prince  of  story  tellers 
and  singer  of  the  commonplace,  would 
find  much  material  for  tales  should  he 
come  back  to  life  and  visit  this  square. 
The  old  Chinese  with  the  basket  sells 
many  edibles,  but  specializes  in  live,  fat 
pigeons.  He  smilingly  cries  out  his  wares. 


(This  is  the  second  of  a  series  of  pic- 
tures by  Wallace  H  Fong  designed  to 
portray  various  aspects  of  San  Fran- 
cisco's Chinatown.) 


Poge  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,  1937 


EDITORIAL 


TWO  DISCRIMINATING 
LEGISLATIVE  BILLS  DEFEATED 

It  is  gratifying  to  learn  that  the  Texas  anti-alien  property 
bill  (Chi.  Dig.  for  April,  1937)  has  been  defeated,  and  that 
the  California  anti-foreign  language  school  bill  (Chi.  Dig. 
for  April,  1937)  is,  at  this  time,  on  the  threshold  of  suffering 
the  same  fate. 

Due  to  exigency  of  space  in  the  last  issue  of  our  publication, 
the  Texas  anti-alien  bill  as  it  would  have  affected  the  Chinese 
materially  did  not  receive  adequate  mention.  It  should  be 
noted  at  this  juncture  that,  according  to  a  recent  unofficial 
estimate,  the  value  of  land  and  property  owned  by  the  700 
Chinese  in  Texas  does  not  reach  one  million  dollars,  with  the 
300  Chinese  in  San  Antonio  owning  between  five  and  six 
hundred  thousand  dollars.  Also  included  in  this  figure  are  the 
properties  held  by  Chinese-American  citizens  as  well  as  those 
owned  by  Chinese  aliens  eligible  to  do  so  under  the  present 
law.  "Off  hand,"  said  Chinese  Vice-Consul  Tsin-Lon  Ouang 
at  Houston,  "it  appears  that  the  Chinese  do  not  lose  much  if 
the  proposed  legislation  is  passed,  but  it  seems  that  the  prin- 
ciple of  the  thing  is  what  the  Chinese  in  Texas  are  fighting 
for." 

Several  Western  states,  which  include  California,  and  re- 
cently, Washington,  have  passed  laws  which  do  not  permit 
aliens  ineligible  to  be  naturalized  as  citizens  (Chinese,  Japan- 
ese and  all  other  Orientals)  to  own  land.  Texas  could  pass 
such  a  law  also  if  it  is  deemed  absolutely  necessary,  but  the 
Chinese  in  that  state  felt  that  since  they  are  already  handi- 
capped by  Federal  lawss,  it  seemed  too  much  like  stabbing  a 
man  in  the  back  when  he  is  already  down  if  the  recent  anti- 
alien  land  bill  should  be  permitted  to  pass.  Hence  they 
fought  and  subsequently  defeated  its  passage. 

In  regard  to  the  California  anti-foreign  language  school  bill, 
it  is  sufficient  to  note  that  through  the  concerted  and  coopera- 
tive efforts  of  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  educational  and  wel- 
fare groups,  it  will  ultimately  be  defeated,  or  at  least  to  be 
discreetly  pigeon-holed  and,  eventually  forgotten. 

Year  in  and  year  out,  the  75,000  Chinese  in  the  United 
States  face  legislative  or  economic  pressure  of  one  kind  or 
another,  and  it  is  only  through  eternal  vigilance  and  organized 
efforts  that  such  pressures  can  be  fought  off.  We  reiterate, 
therefore,  our  gratification  that  two  recent  anti-alien  bills 
affecting  the  Chinese  in  two  states  are,  respectively,  defeated 
and  on  the  path  to  defeat. 
A  MONUMENT  TO  THE 
FATHER  OF  THE  CHINESE  REPUBLIC 

St.  Anne's  Square,  a  little  park  situated  on  the  fringe  of 
Chinatown,  is  shortly  to  become  the  place  where  a  giant 
granite  and  steel  monument  of  a  famous  Chinese,  executed  by 
a  famous  local  sculptor,  will  stand. 

The  monument  will  be  that  of  Sun  Yat-sen,  founder  and 
first  president  of  the  Republic  of  China,  one  of  the  greatest 
visionary  of  empire  and  revolutionist  of  modern  times.  And 
the  artist  who  is  executing  this  monument  is  Beniamino  Bufano, 
famed  Italian  sculptor  of  San  Francisco.  (See  story  of  the 
monument  and  its  sculptor  in  "Chinatownia"  columns) . 

It  is  justly  appropriate  that  a  wonderful  monument  of  Sun 
Yat-sen  should  be  erected  in  this  city,  for  here  the  great 
revolutionist  spent  many  years  off  and  on  in  propagandizing 
his  cause,  arousing  his  countrymen  to  the  imperative  need  of 
overthrowing  the  Manchu  dynasty  and  of  substituting  for  it 
a  republic  based  on  the  best  principles  of  modern  democratic 
nations.  Here  also  Dr.  Sun,  through  his  fervent  sincerity  of 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


THE  CHINESE   DIGEST 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington   Street 
San   Francisco,   California    (CHina   2400) 

WILLIAM   HOY,  Editor 

Per  year,  $1.00;  Per  copy,  10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.      For   reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE  Associate  Editor 

LIM  P.  LEE Sociological  Data 

THOMAS  W.  CHINN    Managing  Editor 

HELEN  M.  FONG  Circulation  Manager 

WALLACE   H.    FONG    Photographer 

H.  K.  WONG  Staff  Reporter 

CORRESPONDENTS  and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersf ield    Mamie   Lee 

Berkeley Glenn  D.  Lym 

Chicago    Beatrice  Moy 

Fresno  Allen  Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tong 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace  H.  Goo 

Los  Angeles Elsie  Lee,  Bereice  Louie 

Portland  .'. .  Eva  Moe,  Edgar  Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Santa  Barbara  Albert  Yee 

Sacramento    Mrs.    Howard  Jang 

Seattle Eugene  Wong,  Edwin  Luke 

Stockton  Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Watsonville Alice  Shew 

FOUNDERS  and  PUBLISHERS: 

THOMAS  W.   CHINN  CHINGWAH   LEE 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorials    2,  19 

Culture 4,  5 

Sociological  Data 6,  7 

The  Jade  Box 8,  9 

Reviews  and  Comments 10,  1 1 

Chinatownia 3,  12,  13,  15 

Sports 16,  17 

Chinese  Inventions 4 

The  Chinese  Health  Center 6 

Opium  and  Narcotic  Suppression 

in  China 7 

A  Chinese  College  Woman 8 

The  Romance  of  Tea 10 

China's  10,000,000  Vacant  Jobs         .    17 


I  hl 


May,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


CHINATOWNIA 


COLOSSAL  STATUE  OF  SUN 
YAT-SEN  NEARING  COMPLETION 
BY  FAMED  SCULPTOR 

San  Francisco,  Calif. — A  14-foot  statue 
of  China's  great  revolutionary  and  first 
president  of  the  Chinese  Republic,  Sun 
Yat-sen,  made  of  red  granite  and  stain- 
less steel,  is  nearing  completion  in  the 
studio  of  a  nationally  famous  San  Fran- 
cisco sculptor,  Beniamino  Bufano.  This 
Italian  artist,  already  known  to  every  San 
Franciscan  for  his  sculpture  of  St.  Fran- 
cis of  Assisi,  bids  fair  to  add  to  his  fame 
through   his  new  creation. 

When  this  statue  is  completed  it  will 
be  presented  to  the  city  by  the  local  Kuo 
mintang  in  America  (844  Stockton 
street) ,  which  is  financing  this  piece  of 
outstanding  art  work.  The  labor  for 
this  sculpture  is  being  furnished  through 
the  Federal  Art  Project  of  the  local 
Works  Progress  Administration. 

The  statue  will  be  placed  atop  St. 
Anne's  Square,  in  Chinatown,  and  will 
represent  a  memorial  monument  to  a 
man  and  revolutionary  whom  many  San 
Franciscans  have  known.  This  great 
Chinese  leader  spent  many  years  in 
America  before  the  Chinese  republican 
revolution  in  1911,  during  which  time 
he  stayed  constantly  in  this  city.  This 
memorial  will  also  symbolize  Sun  Yat- 
sen's  friendship  toward  the  American 
people  and  the  sympathy  which  America 
has  always  displayed  toward  her  sister 
republic  across  the  Pacific. 

Artist  Bufano  has  made  use  of  the 
newest  sculptural  medium,  stainless  steel, 
in  fashioning  the  figure  of  Sun  Yat-sen. 
Red  granite  is  being  used  for  the  head, 
hands  and  feet,  but  the  length  of  the 
body  will  be  beaten  out  of  stainless  steel. 

Although  he  has  experimented  with 
metals  for  his  sculptural  work  for  several 
years,  Bufano  credits  scientific  investi- 
gators in  the  country's  steel  companies 
with  discovering  the  secert  which  made  it 
possible  for  him  to  use  stainless  steel. 
"Because  the  old  masters  could  not  know 
what  we  now  do  about  metals,  they  were 
unable  to  use  them  for  artistic  purposes," 
Bufano  explained,  in  justifying  his  use 
of  steel  for  sculpturing. 

Instead  of  casting  out  the  various 
parts  he  needed,  Bufano  fashioned  them 
mostly  by  wooden  tools,  using  cannon 
and  bowling  balls  as  bases  around  which 
the  metal  could  be  wrought.  Then  he 
joined  the  various  parts  b''  welding. 

Although  the  statue  is  now  in  its  last 
stage  of  completion,  yet  many  art  critics 
who  have  viewed  it  have  declared  that 
the  Italian  sculptor  has  been  able  to  cre- 
ate an  appropriate  expression  of  the  spirit 


The   Head   of  Sun   Yat-sen    by   Bufano, 
Sculptured    from    Red    Granite 

of  the  great  Chinese  patriot.  This  is 
not  strange,  since  Beniamino  Bufano 
knew  Sun  Yat-sen.  In  this  fact  lies  an 
interesting  story,  never  before  told.  The 
Chinese  Digest,  through  special  arrange- 
ment with  the  sponsor  of  this  art  pro- 
ject, the  Kuomingtang  in  San  Francisco, 
here  presents  this  story  for  the  first  time. 

Beniamino  Bufano  first  became  ac- 
quainted with  the  Chinese  people  some 
two  decades  ago  when  he  was  a  strug- 
gling young  artist  in  San  Francisco.  Be- 
coming interested  in  them  and  their 
background,  he  went  to  China  shortly 
thereafter  to  study  at  first  hand  the 
art  and  culture  of  that  ancient  race. 

He  spent  18  months  in  Canton,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  lived  and  worked  with 
a  group  of  lowly  but  skillful  native 
potters.  He  profited  from  their  knowl- 
edge of  clay  and  kiln.  He  learned  a  lit- 
tle of  their  language  and  became  their 
devoted  admirer  and  friend.  There  was 
another  class  of  Cantonese  whom  he 
also  became  intimately  acquainted  with, 
the  mendicants.  For  a  short  time  he 
even  adopted  their  dress  and  manners. 

But  at  the  same  time  Bufano  culti- 
vated the  friendship  of  Chinese  poets 
and  philosophers.  One  of  these,  a  poet 
of  some  contemporary  fame,  commis- 
sioned the  young  Italian  to  make  a  sculp- 
tural portrait  of  his  son.  The  poet  was 
so  pleased  with  Bufano's  work,  which 
combined  utmost  simplicity  with  the 
Chinese  artistic  conception  of  dignity, 
that  he  interested  his  friends  in  asking 
for  the  artist's  services. 

Life,    however,    was    not    peaceful    in 


Canton  at  that  time  (1921-22)  because 
China  was  still  in  a  revolutionary  stage 
and  South  China  was  the  headquarters 
of  the  leader  of  the  revolution,  Sun  Yat- 
sen.  Bufano  did  not  know  Dr.  Sun  then, 
but  their  meeting  was  soon  to  come  to 
pass. 

Since  Bufano  had  become  sympa- 
thetic with  the  aspirations  of  Young 
China,  he  looked  for  a  way  to  express 
his  sympathy.  And  one  day  he  wrote 
an  article  in  The  Canton  Times  and  en- 
titled it,  "Does  Anybody  Care?"  Sun 
Yat-sen  himself  happened  to  come  across 
that  article,  read  and  sensed  the  sin- 
cerity of  the  man  who  wrote  it.  He 
sent  word  that  he  wanted  to  see  Bufano. 
In  this  manner  the  young  Tralian  artist 
came  to  know  the  founder  ot  the  Chinese 
Republic. 

The  burning  patriotism,  sincerity  and 
magnetic  personality  that  was  Sun  Yat- 
sen  attracted  Bufano,  as  it  had  attracted 
many  others.  The  artist  offered  to  join 
his  army,  and  did  for  a  time.  But  Dr. 
Sun,  knowing  good  talent  should  not  be 
wasted,  recalled  him  and  set  him  to  work 
making  several  portraits  of  himself. 
Three  of  them  were  executed,  one  in 
stone  and  two  in  terra  cotta.  These  were 
sold  for  hospital  funds. 

Then,  in  1922,  after  Bufano  had  lived 
for  four  months  in  Sun  Yat-sen's  house- 
hold, one  of  the  revolutionary  leader's 
military  underlings,  Gen.  Chen  Ching- 
ming,  revolted  in  Canton.  Dr.  Sun  got 
word  of  the  revolt  in  time  to  flee  for  his 
life  aboard  a  gunboat.  And  fleeing  with 
him  was  Bufano,  also.  He  suffered  a 
minor  bullet  wound  in  his  hand  during 
the  narrow  escape. 

Now,  fifteen  years  after,  Beniamino 
Bufano  is  making  another  portrait  of 
Sun  Yat-sen,  this  time  for  a  colossal  14- 
foot  one  and  with  granite  and  steel.  And 
he  would  be  the  happiest  man,  too,  when, 
the  statue  completed,  he  sees  it  being  pre- 
sented to  the  city  to  stand  as  a  lasting 
memorial  to  a  great  patriot  for  whose 
friendship  he  has  cherished  all  these 
years. 

William  Hoy. 


(The   picture   which   accompanies  the 

above  article  was  furnished  through  the 

courtesy    of    the    Kuomingtang    and  the 
Federal   Art  Project  of  the  WPA.) 

GEORGE  WONG  WM.  WONG 

IPSWICH  CAFE 

211    Kearny    St. 

8  a.  m.  to  10  p.-  m. 

Chinese-American  dishes 


i^M 


Poge  4 


CHINESE     DIG  EST 


Moy,  1937 


U     L    T     U     R 

Chingwah  Lee     


CHINESE  INVENTIONS  AND 
DISCOVERIES  NO.  46-50: 

Just  two  thousand  years  ago  a  bril- 
liant Chinese  scholar  had  an  inspiration. 
He  made  himself  Emperor  and  inaugu- 
rated a  series  of  startling  reforms  which 
made  the  "Chou  Dynasty  New  Deal" 
watery-weak  by  comparison  (Chinese 
Digest,  April,  1937).  While  the  Chou 
Dynasty  regulations  may  not  have  been 
much  more  than  temporary  measures 
created  to  combat  the  depression,  the 
State  Socialism  of  Wang  Mang  was 
launched  in  the  interests  of  social  jus- 
tice, lasting  fifteen  years,  and  profoundly 
influenced  Chinese  political  institutions 
to  this  date. 

After  nearly  two  centuries  of  brilliant 
rule  the  Han  Dynasty  was  coming  to  an 
inglorious  end.  The  court  was  domi- 
nated by  corruption  and  debauchery.  A 
shining  exception  of  this  was  an  official  by 
name,  Wang  Mang.  A  profound  scholar, 
he  lived  simply  and  gave  all  of  his  im- 
mense wealth  to  aid  the  poor  and  to 
advance   learning. 

By  a  series  of  political  moves  he  as- 
cended the  dragon  throne  and  pro- 
claimed himself  "The  New  Emperor" 
(Hsun  Huang  Ti) .  His  Dynasty  was 
to  be  a  "New  Dynasty,"  thus  anticipat- 
ing the  "New  Thought  Movement"  of 
Hu  Shin  and  Ch'en  Tu-hsiu,  as  well  as 
the  "New  Life  Movement"  of  present- 
day  China. 

At  that  time  the  country  was  in  great 
need  of  reformation.  The  land  was 
held  mostly  in  great  estates,  and  high 
rentals  reduced  the  tenant  farmers  to 
the  position  of  serfs.  Slaves  were  cruelly 
treated,  the  master  often  having  power 
of  life  and  death  over  them.  Wang 
started  his  reign  immediately  with  a  se- 
ries of  well-planned,  far-reaching  re- 
forms: 

1.  Nationalization  of  Land:  The  buy- 
ing and  selling  of  land  and  retainers 
were  forbidden.  All  land  confiscated  to 
the  state  was  to  be  divided  into  equal 
tracts  for  distribution  to  the  peasants. 
The  plan  is  said  to  have  been  even  more 
communistic  than  the  ching-t'ien  system 
advocated  during  the  Chou  Dynasty. 

2.  The  Abolition  of  Slavery:  During 
the  Shang  Dynasty  slaves  were  chiefly 
captives  or  prisoners  of  war.  By  the 
time  of  the  Hans  their  position  was 
somewhat  improved,  not  unlike  the  slaves 
in  the  southern  plantations  of  the  Unit- 
ed States  prior  to  the  Civil  War.  Hence 
Wang  Mang  attempted  to  free  the  slaves 
nineteen  hundred  years  before  Lincoln. 


3.  State  Monopoly  of  Salt,  Iron,  Coin- 
age, Wines,  and  Mines:  The  first  two 
were  already  state  monopolies  when 
Wang  Mang  ascended  the  throne.  He 
added  the  last  three  in  order  to  have  suf- 
ficient revenue  for  the  state,  but  it  was 
his  intention  to  ultimately  drop  all  ex- 
cept coinage.  The  iron  industry  was  a 
great  economic  factor  at  that  time,  steel 
barons  exporting  superior  iron  imple- 
ments and  steel  weapons  to  as  far  away 
as  the  Roman  Empire.  The  salt  is  still 
a  government  monopoly  today. 

4.  Reorganization  of  Currency:  Sev- 
eral smaller  denominations  were  issued 
in  place  of  coins  of  only  one  value, 
although  there  were  several  kinds  of 
medium  to  express  that  value.  Coins 
were  made  uniform  throughout  the  coun- 
try, thus  eliminating  manipulation  by 
private  institutions. 

5.  Standard  Grading  of  Farm  Pro- 
ducts: During  the  Tsin  Dynasty  Emper- 
or Shih  Huang  Ti  had  already  standard- 
ized weighs  and  measures,  and  even 
gauges  of  wagons,  the  fittings  of  tools, 
and  the  width  of  highways.  To  these 
Wang  Mang  added  the  standard  grad- 
ing of  farm  products,  dividing  them  into 
three  grades  according  to  quality  and 
size. 

6.  Price  Fixing  and  State  Purchase  of 
Farm  Products:  His  Farm  Board  fixed 
a  high  and  a  low  price  level  for  all  the 
farm  products  in  order  to  protect  the 
farmers  from  speculators.  When  the 
price  for  grains  dropped  below  a  mini- 
mum low  level  the  state  purchased  in 
the  open  market  until  the  price  is  raised, 
and  these  are  stored  in  the  government 
granaries.  When  the  price  reached  above 
a  maximum  high  level  the  Board  re- 
leases the  stored  grains  to  lower  the 
price  again. 

7.  State  Loans:  Loans  were  granted  for 
home  building,  farm  purchasing,  and 
other  private  enterprises  at  a  low  rate 
of  interests.  For  funerals,  sacrifices,  and 
other  emergencies  no  interests  were 
charged. 

8.  Installation  of  a  National  Income 
Tax  System:  This  was  designed  to  re- 
place the  conscripting  of  labor  between 
the  planting  and  the  harvest  season  as 
well  as  the  state  demand  for  tribute 
grains  and  other  commodities. 

9.  Standard  Salaries  for  All  Officials: 
Fixed  salaries  were  ordered  for  all  of- 
ficials, high  and  low,  to  replace  favorit- 
ism and  graft,  quite  in  vogue  at  that 
time.   See  articles  on  "The  Chinese  Uni- 


versities" and  "The  Chinese  Origin  of 
the  Civil  Service  Examination,"  soon  to 
appear  in  these  columns. 

Wang  Mang  had  preceded  this  pro- 
gram by  nearly  thirty  years  of  intensive 
study,  observation,  and  investigation. 
When  an  official,  he  had  circulated 
among  farmers  and  artisans  to  learn 
their  needs.  As  a  ruler  he  had  gathered 
about  him  an  army  of  independent  think- 
ers, professors,  and  eminent  experts.  He 
built  a  national  university,  as  well  as 
dormitories  for  thousands  of  scholars  all 
over  the  country. 

Among  other  things  Wang  Mang  and 
his  Brain  Trust  studied  the  past  with 
two  objectives  in  mind.  One  was  with 
the  idea  of  drawing  lessons  from  history 
in  order  to  guide  the  state.  This  had 
been  the  aim  and  advocate  of  nearly 
all  the  early  sages,  and  histories  were 
spoken  of  as  "mirrors."  But  unfortun- 
ately, scholars  in  more  recent  dynasties 
took  this  to  mean  simply  the  blind  fol- 
lowing of  the  past. 

Wang  Mang's  other  objective  is  the 
study  of  the  classics  in  order  to  under- 
stand the  political  theories  of  the  early 
philosophers.  In  this  he  was  well  re- 
warded, for  the  teachings  of  Micius, 
Confucius,  Han  Fei  Tzu,  Mencius,  Li 
Ssu,  Hsun  Tzu,  Duke  Kuan  Chung,  and 
Wei  Yang  are  rich  in  political  doctrines. 
Such  legalists  (fa  chia)  as  Li  K'o,  for 
example,  advocated  the  equalization  of 
prices  of  farm  products  by  the  state 
nearly  six  hundred  years  earlier.  The 
Brain  Trust  is  another  Chou  Dynasty 
institution.  A  complete  catalogue  of  all 
the  known  ancient  work  was  compiled 
for  Wang  Mang  by  an  eminent  scholar, 
Liu  Hsin. 

But  Wang  Mang  had  still  another 
reason  for  studying  the  classics.  Realiz- 
ing that  the  conservatives  were  slavish 
followers  of  the  past  he  had  hoped  to 
demonstrate  that  his  reforms  were  in 
conformity  with  the  aim  and  practices 
of  the  ancients.  But  his  enemies  charged 
his  Brain  Trust  with  having  falsified 
history  in  order  to  gain  the  point.  Some 
of  the  classics  which  are  said  to  have 
been  altered  included  the  Chou  Li,  the 
Tso  Chuan,  the  Shu  Ching,  and  the 
Shih  Ching  Commentary.  (While  parts 
of  these  may  indeed  have  been  altered 
either  by  the  Brain  Trust  or  by  later 
editors,  recent  researches  seem  to  show- 
that  much  of  these  works,  especially  the 
Tso    Chuan    and    the    Shu    Ching,    had 


J. 


May,   1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  5 


CULTURE 


come  down  from  the  Chou  Dynasty  with 
little  or  no  alteration.) 

The  reformers  pushed  their  plan  with 
tremendous  energy.  Wang  Mang  him- 
self often  went  for  long  periods  without 
food  and  sleep,  travelling  extensively 
to  supervise  his  plan.  But  Wang  Mang 
reckoned  without  the  selfishness  of  hu- 
man nature.  He  was  too  kindly  himself 
to  resort  to  extreme  cruelty  to  enforce 
his  plan  and  he  did  not  have  a  suffi- 
ciently large  army  to  protect  his  regime. 
The  very  farmers  whom  he  was  helping 
did  not  know  enough  to  rally  to  his 
support.  He  was  perplexed  by  the  oppo- 
sition, for  meanwhile  the  conservatives, 
the  former  landlords,  slave  owners,  and 
money  lenders  and  the  surviving  mem- 
bers of  the  House  of  Liu  were  gather- 
ing forces. 

The  country  was  weakened  at  that 
time,  first,  by  the  inroads  of  the  Hsiung 
Nu  or  Huns,  and  then,  by  an  uprising 
of  a  fanatic  Taoist  sect  known  as  the 
"Red  Eyebrows."  The  conservatives  took 
advantage  of  the  disorders  and  raised 
the  banner  of  revolt.  A.  D.  23. 

A  tired  and  disappointed  man  at  60, 
Wang  Mang  made  little  effort  to  resist 
the  rebels.  The  revolters  marched  to 
the  capital,  Chang-an,  killed  Wang 
Mang  and  many  of  his  loyal  supporters, 
and  set  up  the  Han  Dynasty  once  more. 
They  moved  the  capital  eastward  to  Lo- 
yang,  and  historians  speak  of  this  latter 
Han  Dynasty  as  the  Eastern  Han. 

Wang  Mang  is  denounced  to  this  day 
by  the  conservatives  as  a  usurper  and 
an  evil  dreamer.  Yet  his  reforms,  which 
lasted  fifteen  years,  have  exerted  a  great 
influence  on  the  thinkers  of  China.  Some 
of  his  measures  are  still  to  be  traced  in 
the  governmental  system  of  China,  and 
more  than  ever,  the  scholars  and  the 
farmers  are  placed  above  the  merchants 
and   the  soldiers. 

Notes  on  the  Rise  and  Fall  of  the 
iHouse  of  Wang:  The  weak-willed  Han 
Emperor,  Yuan  Ti,  whose  reign  began 
in  B.  C.  48,  had  a  beautiful  concubine 
of  the  Wang  family  who  won  his  favors. 
He  made  her  empress  and  their  son  heir 
apparent.  Upon  his  death  in  B.  C.  33 
$he  became  Empress  Dowager.  The  boy 
[emperor,  Ch'eng  Ti,  ruled  a  quarter  of 
a  century,  and  during  that  time  the 
Wang  family  dominated  the  corrupt 
;court,  incompetent  relatives  holding  all 
the   important   offices.     Wang    Mang,   a 


Chingwah   Lee 


nephew  of  the  Empress,  stood  out  from 
all  the  rest  by  his  simple  living,  his 
fondness  for  learning,  strong  character, 
and  his  interests  in  the  needs  of  the 
people. 

Ch'eng  Ti  died  B.  C.  6  without  leav- 
ing any  heir,  and  a  nephew  became  em- 
peror (Ai  Ti).  He  died  A.  D.  1  from 
excessive  dissipation,  and  a  new  emperor 
(P'ing  Ti)  aged  8,  was  placed  on  the 
throne  with  Wang  Mang  as  regent.  It 
was  during  this  period  that  Wang  Mang 
laid  the  foundation  for  his  reforms.  The 
boy  emperor  died  five  years  later,  said 
to  have  been  poisoned  by  the  Wang 
family  for  being  too  independent.  An 
infant  (Ju  Tzu  Ying)  was  placed  on  the 
throne  and  Wang  Mang  became  Acting 
Emperor.  In  A.  D.  8,  he  cast  the  puppet 
emperor  aside  and  declared  himself  the 
:tNew  Emperor."  Wang  Mang  and  most 
of  his  relatives  were  killed  by  the  Lius 
in  A.  D.  23. 


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CHINESE     D I GEST 


May,   1937 


SOCIOLOGICAL    DATA 


-Lim  P.  Lee" 


THE  CHINESE  HEALTH  CENTER 
OF  SAN  FRANCISCO 

( This  is  the  second  of  a  series  on  Com- 
munity Welfare.  The  data  for  this  ar- 
ticle is  contributed  by  Miss  Eunice  L. 
Gibson  of  the  Chinese  Health  Center  of 
San  Francisco.  Your  constructive  criti- 
cism and  suggestions  are  welcome.) 


The  preventive  work  of  public  health 
for  nearly  20,000  Chinese  residing  in 
the  city  of  San  Francisco  is  of  vital 
concern  to  the  community.  The  local 
Department  of  Public  Health  supervised 
by  Dr.  J.  C.  Geiger,  Health  Director, 
has  created  the  Chinese  Health  Center 
at  1212  Powell  Street,  whereby  the  resi- 
dents of  Chinatown  may  secure  advice 
in  preventing  sickness  and  diseases. 
Morning  or  afternoon,  if  one  calls  at 
the  Chinese  Health  Center,  one  will 
find  either  Miss  Eunice  L.  Gibson,  super- 
vising field  nurse,  or  Mrs.  Minnie  F. 
Lee,  Chinese  visiting  nurse,  holding  con- 
ferences, advising  parents,  or  assisting 
the  physician,  if  they  are  not  out  on 
field  dutv.  The  activities  of  the  Chinese 
Health   Center   are   quite  extensive. 

Child    Welfare    Conference 

The  Child  Welfare  conferences  are 
held  on  Tuesdays  and  Fridays  from  1:00 
p.  m.  to  3:30  p.  m.  Children  numbering 
4064  were  examined  during  1935-36  in 
the  conferences  as  compared  with  2734 
of  the  previous  year,  an  increase  of 
nearly  fifty  per  cent.  In  this  conference 
the  infants  and  pre-school  children  are 
examined,  parents  are  advised  as  to  feed- 
ing and  general  care,  vaccinations,  diph- 
theria immunizations,  and  tuberculin 
tests  are  administered,  food  demonstra- 
tions are  given,  and  follow-up  work  are 
done  by  home  visits.  Miss  Gibson  points 
with  pride  to  this  particular  type  of  work 
as  it  is  preventive  and  constructive,  child 
welfare  being  of  primary  importance  to 
the  community.  (For  details  see  the 
Chinese  Digest,  Dec.  27,   1935.) 

Tuberculosis  a  Serious  Problem 

Tuberculosis  is  at  the  present  the  most 
serious  problem  of  health  in  San  Fran- 
cisco Chinatown.  The  Chinese  Health 
Center  keeps  a  file  of  all  T.  B.  cases 
as  reported  by  physicians  and  hospitals, 
and  home  visits  are  made  by  the  field 
nurses.  The  patients  and  contacts  are 
taught  how  to  prevent  the  spreading  of 
the  disease,  personal   hygiene  to  streng- 


A  Protesting  Tot  Being  Weighed  at  the 
Chinese    Health   Center 


then    resistance,    and   periodical    examin- 
ations are  given  them. 

Prevention    of    Tuberculosis 

However,  of  more  importance  is  the 
preventive  work  done  in  the  schools  for 
the  children.  Tuberculin  tests  are  given 
them,  and  if  any  child  shows  a  positive 
reaction,  he  will  be  given  an  X-ray  of 
the  chest.  If  his  lungs  show  any  dam- 
age, his  family  is  examined  to  find  out 
whether  the  child  is  being  exposed  to 
any  open  T.  B.  cases.  If  hospitaliza- 
tion is  necessary,  and  the  child  cannot 
afford  it.  he  will  be  referred  to  the  San 
Francisco  Tuberculosis  Hospital  for  care, 
or  to  the  Hassler  Health  Farm  in  San 
Mateo  for  the  rest  cure.  All  school 
children  are  given  toxoid  for  immuni- 
zation against  diphtheria  if  they  care  to 
have   that  service. 

Dental  Clinic  Needed 

Dental  service  is  another  form  of 
aid  given  to  the  children  of  this  district 
by  the  Chinese  Health  Center.  The 
indigent  children  are  taken  to  the  Cooper 
School  for  dental  attention,  half  a  mile 
away  from  Chinatown.  There  is  an  ur- 
gent need  for  a  dental  clinic  in  the 
Chinese  Health  Center  so  that  the  chil- 
dren needing  this  service  will  not  be 
exposed  to  the  traffic  hazards  and  lose 
school  time  by  going  so  far  a  distance. 

School  Nursing 

Another  major  function  of  the  Chi- 
nese Health  Center  is  school  nursing  for 


the  following  schools  in  the  district: 
Commodore  Stockton,  St.  Mary's,  Oc- 
cidental, Methodist  Kindergarten,  Bap- 
tist, and  the  Chinese  Nursery  School, 
with  a  total  enrollment  of  1710.  Han- 
dicapped Chinese  children  needing  spe- 
cial schools  such  as  the  Hancock  Open 
Air  School  for  the  pre-tubercular,  heart 
and  nutrition  care,  the  Jean  Parker 
Sight  Saving  class,  and  the  Sunshine 
School  for  Crippled  Children  are  re- 
ferred   by    the    Chinese    Health    Center. 

Social  Service  Activities 

This  gives  a  general  picture  of  the 
activities  of  the  Chinese  Health  Center. 
There  is  much  more  going  on  than  can 
be  put  in  print,  such  as  the  social  ser- 
vice work  done  for  the  admission  to 
the  San  Francisco  Hospital  and  the  San 
Francisco  Relief  Home  and  follow-ups 
after  the  patients  and  clients  are  dis- 
charged by  them.  The  numerous  home 
visits  where  constructive  and  character- 
building  work  are  done  bv  the  nurses 
could  not  be  adequately  described  to  do 
justice  to  them.  The  Chinese  Healrh 
Center  is  one  of  the  four  generalized 
health  districts  of  the  city  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  any  Chinese  person  or  familv 
reported  to  the  department  of  Public 
Health  of  the  city  as  needing  services 
is  cared  for  by   this  Health  Center. 


(The  third  article  of  this  series  on 
Com?nunity  Welfare  will  be  on  the  hous- 
ing problem  of  San  Francisco  China- 
town.   L.  P.  L.) 


Economic  depression  is  forcing  many 
Chinese  in  Europe  to  return  to  their  own 
country.  Many  among  these  are  laborers 
who  went  to  France  during  the  World 
War  to  work  in  the  trenches  and  sub- 
sequently remained  there  and  scattered 
throughout  Europe.  Now  they  are  com- 
ing back  to  China,  mostly  via  Russia. 


Spend  Sundoy  Afternoon 
May  23rd  at  the 

SQUARE  and  CIRCLE 

Circus   Varieties 

Great    China    Theatre 

2  P.  M. 


I 


May,   1937 


CHINESE      D I GEST 


Poqe  7 


SOCIOLOGICAL    DATA 


Lim   P.  Lee 


OPIUM  AND  NARCOTIC 
SUPPRESSION   IN  CHINA 

The  dual  problem  of  controlling  the 
p-oduction  of  opium  in  China  with  the 
aim  of  complete  suppression  by  1940,  and 
the  immediate  suppression  of  narcotics, 
especially  in  view  of  the  smuggling  of 
the  drugs  via  North  China,  is  besetting 
the  central  government  with  a  task  of 
huge  magnitude.  Nevertheless,  China  is 
dealing  with  the  twin  menace  realistically 
and  drastically,  but  humanely.  Dr.  C.  S. 
Mei,  psychiatrist  and  director  of  the 
Shanghai  Chapei  Anti-Opium  Hospital, 
was  recently  sent  by  the  Central  Commis- 
sion for  Opium  Suppression  of  the  Mili- 
tary Council  in  China  to  lecture  to  med- 
ical bodies  in  Europe  and  America  and 
explain  China's  program  of  drug  sup- 
pression. Dr.  Mei's  tour  was  sponsored 
by  the  Health  Section  of  the  League  of 
Nations  and  he  is  also  a  special  envoy  of 
the  Ministry  of  Health  of  the  Chinese 
National  government. 

While  in  the  San  Francisco  Bay  Area, 
Dr.  Mei  addressed  the  students  and  fac- 
ulty of  the  medical  schools  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  California  and  Stanford  Uni- 
versity. He  was  consulted  by  Senator 
Sanborn  Young,  chairman  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Senate  committee  on  narcotic  in- 
vestigation; and  for  a  day  he  sat  on  the 
bench  and  consulted  with  Judge  Twain 
Michelson  of  the  narcotics  division  of 
the  San  Francisco  municipal  court.  He 
was  interviewed  for  the  readers  of  the 
Chinese  Digest  so  that  the  laymen  will 
appreciate  China's  vast  program  of  opium 
and  narcotic  suppression. 

Program  for  Suppression 

China  adopted  a  six-year  plan  for 
opium  suppression  which  began  in  1935, 
and  a  two-year  plan  for  narcotic  suppres- 
sion which  ended  December,  1936,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Mei.  There  are  about 
1000  government-sponsored  clinics  all 
over  the  country  where  the  opium  and 
drug  addicts  can  get  free  treatments,  if 
any  of  the  addicts  cannot  afford  private 
cure.  By  the  use  of  psychiatry  and  med- 
icine all  addicts  are  given  the  opportunity 
to  rehabilitate  themselves  at  government 
expense.  Anti-opium  and  narcotic  laws 
are  enforced  by  military  tribunals.  After 
sufficient  time  limits  are  given  to  the 
addicts,  if  they  fail  to  take  the  cure  or 
if  they  relapse  after  having  taken  the 
cure,  they  will  be  shot  by  firing  squads. 
Death  Penalty  for  Drug  Addicts 
The  period  of  grace  of  the  govern- 
ment for  drug  addiction  (morphine,  her- 
oin and  marihuana)   expired  last  Decem- 


ber, related'  Dr.  Mei.  The  authorities 
are  very  severe  in  dealing  with  the  drug 
addicts  in  view  of  the  smuggling  of 
narcotics  into  China  by  foreigners.  Only 
one  treatment  was  allowed  each  of  the 
drug  addicts,  and  if  there  are  any  re- 
lapses they  will  be  executed  when  found 
guilty.  Many  were  executed  because  of 
relapses  and  also  of  failure  to  take  the 
cure  when  ordered  to  do  so. 

Opium  Suppression  Program 

The  program  for  the  suppression  of 
opium  is  extended  for  a  longer  term. 
Certain  areas  in  China  today  are  desig- 
nated by  the  government  for  the  grow- 
ing of  opium.  The  gradual  reduction  of 
the  production  was  started  in  1935,  and 
by  the  end  of  1940,  the  growing  of 
opium  is  prohibited  in  Chinese  territory. 
Inspectors  are  sent  out  constantly  by  the 
central  government  to  enforce  the  reduc- 
tion of  production  as  required  by  the 
government.  In  case  of  failure  on  the 
part  of  the  grower  to  reduce  the  acreage, 
the  governor  of  the  province  and  the  dis- 
trict magistrate  are  held  responsible.  The 
penalty  for  the  officials  and  the  grower  is 
death  if  they  fail  to  curtail  the  produc- 
tion of  opium  as  prescribed  by  the  gov- 
ernment. 

Registration   of    all    Opium    Addicts 

Registration  of  all  opium  addicts  was 
required  when  the  government  started  the 
campaign  against  the  drug.  All  addicts 
were  divided  into  three  groups,  the 
youngest,  the  older  and  the  oldest.  The 
youngest  group  is  required  to  take  the 
cure  for  opium  within  one  year,  either  by 
private  physicians  or  at  government 
clinics.  The  older  group  is  required  to 
take  the  cure  in  two  years'  time,  and  the 
oldest  group  in  three  years'  time.  By 
1940  the  oldest  group  should  rid  them- 
selves of  the  opium  habit.  While  the  ad- 
dicts are  still  under  the  care  of  the  gov- 
ernment-sponsored clinics,  they  are  given 
free  medical  service  and  hospitalization. 
If  surgery  or  major  operations  are  re- 
quired, they  are  transferred  to  general 
hospitals.  In  Shanghai  there  were  7000 
cases  transferred  to  general  hospitals  last 
year. 

After  an  addict  is  cured  by  the  clinic 
and  his  time  limit  has  expired,  should  he 
relapse  for  the  first  time,  he  will  be  im- 
prisoned from  a  few  weeks  to  a  month. 
If  he  relapses  for  the  second  time,  he 
has  to  spend  at  least  a  year  in  prison.  The 
third  relapse  will  bring  him  before  the 
firing  squad  and  executed  without  fur- 
ther mercy. 


Suppression  Program  Successful 

Your  interviewer  questioned  Dr.  Mei 
on  the  actual  working  of  such  a  program 
in  China  and  whether  it  is  successful  or 
merely  a  theoretical  program. 

Dr.  Mei  commented  that  due  to  the 
strains  of  the  national  crisis,  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  anti-opium  and  narcotic  laws 
by  the  martial  law  and  military  tribunals, 
the  program  is  working  very  successfully 
in  China  today.  Addicts  are  riding  them- 
selves of  their  addictions  as  patriotic 
duties,  and  with  the  help  of  the  news- 
papers, posters,  radio  and  parades  there 
is  a  crusade  against  opium  and  narcotics 
in  China.  In  the  municipality  of  Shang- 
hai alone,  Dr.  Mei  reported,  over  20,000 
addicts  were  cured  last  year,  and  this  is 
being  duplicated  in  every  large  city  in 
China  where  the  drug  suppression  pro- 
gram is  carried  out  conscientiously. 

Smuggling  Still  a  Problem 

Ever  since  China's  contact  with  the 
West  after  suffering  defeat  in  the  in- 
famous Opium  War  of  1842,  opium 
bas  cursed  the  nation.  With  the  unifica- 
tion of  China  a  reality  and  the  cessation 
of  civil  strifes,  China  is  able  to  control 
opium  and  narcotics  within  her  borders, 
but  smuggling  is  still  the  hardest  prob- 
lem to  deal  with  at  the  present.  (For 
details  on  smuggling  in  North  China  see 
Chinese  Digest,  May  22,  1936.)  Ex- 
traterritoriality has  given  the  golden  op- 
portunity to  the  smugglers,  but  once 
China  is  able  to  regain  jurisdiction  over 
the  foreigners  (especially  in  North 
China) ,  China  may  rid  herself  of  this 
drug  curse  yet! 


For  the  first  time,  an  Italian  Consu- 
late has  been  opened  in  the  Shameen 
territory  of  Canton.  Formerly  all  Italian 
diplomatic  and  consular  affairs  here  were 
handled  through  the  Italian  Consulate 
at  Hongkong. 


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PogeS 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


May,  1937 


THE    JADE    BOX 


P'ing  Yu 


MUSIC— THE  LANGUAGE  OF  THE 
SPIRIT 

I  was  once  told  that  the  best  educated 
man  is  one  who  touches  life  in  the  most 
piaces,  but  I  am  now  informed  that  the 
best  education  for  a  man  is  one  which 
touches  him  in  the  most  places.  Be  that 
as  it  may,  the  modern  school  endeavors 
and  hopes  to  bring  forth  a  cooperative  and 
harmonious  spirit  of  man  by  laying  great 
stress  on  developing  his  whole  being, 
body,  intellect,  emotions,  and  as  a  finish- 
ing touch,  his  environment. 

We  have  become  responsive  to  the  dic- 
tum of  a  sound  mind  in  a  sound  body  and 
all  kinds  of  campaigns  for  healthful  living 
Today,  wherever  we  turn,  we  encounter 
an  aspect  of  education.  We  find  ourselves 
pursued  by  an  overflow  of  knowledge — 
through  the  printed  page,  on  the  screen, 
and  over  the  air.  As  to  environment, 
some  of  us  are  really  getting  over-zealous. 
We  claim  to  have  as  our  m&jor  concern 
the  development  and  preservation  of  the 
democratic  processes  of  society,  but  the 
powers  that  be  lose  a  lot  of  good  sleep 
thinking  up  new  restrictions  upon  free-, 
dom,  academic  and  otherwise.  But  we 
must  admit  that  we  cannot  be  quite  so 
boastful  concerning  our  emotional  de- 
velopment because  here,  it  seems,  we  are 
faced  with  a  certain  skepticism  regard- 
ing our  inner  life  and  spirit. 

To  find  enlightenment,  Iturned  to  phil- 
osophical China  and  discover  therein  that 
our  ancient  sages  utilized  music  as  their 
main  language  of  the  spirit.  They  gov- 
erned their  emotions  and  developed  their 
internal  life  by  meditating  on  the  charm 
and  infinite  beauty  of  music  and  poetry. 
With  music  they  meditated  on  achieving 
harmony  with  their  fellow  beings,  and  also 
contemplated  on  the  goodness  and  bounty 
of  Heaven.  Confucius  devoted  partic- 
ular interest  to  music.  He  believed  that 
rites  and  music  have  the  same  function — 
that  of  uniting  hearts  and  establishing 
order.  He  preached  rites  for  the  external 
man  and  music  for  the  inner  spirit.  In 
his  Analects  (Book  VIII,  Chap.  8)  he 
had  said:  "It  is  by  the  Odes  that  the 
mind  is  aroused;  it  is  by  the  Rules  of 
Propriety  that  the  character  is  estab- 
lished; it  is  from  Music  that  the  finish  is 
received." 

In  ancient  China  music  had  a  lot  to 
do  in  teaching  the  people  good  manners 
and  mutual  respect  between  rulers  and 
subjects.  And  history  seemed  repeating  it- 
self recently  in  San  Francisco  when  good 
music  was  enjoyed  by  the  rich,  the  poor, 
the  young,  aand  the  old  at  the   Music 


Teacherss'  Conference,  at  the  Municipal 
Symphonies,  and  at  Ernest  Schelling's 
Concerts,  particularly  designed  to  help 
the  young  in  developing  appreciation  of 
music. 

Of  special  interest  for  us  in  Chinatown 
was  a  recent  talk  on  Chinese  music.  Mr. 
Peter  Goo,  the  lecturer,  urged  Chinese 
parents  to  encourage  their  children  in 
the  study  of  Chinese  music  because  China 
has  a  rich  musical  past  and  an  unexplored 
wealth  of  musical  exchange  to  be  made 
with  the  West. 

As  the  ancient  sages  would  have  it,  let 
us  make  music's  harmonious  language 
speak  often  to  our  inner  spirit.  Let  us 
meet  our  forthcoming  Music  Week  activ- 
ities in  May  with  renewed  interest  and 
resolve  to  give  to  music  a  more  promi- 
nent place,  not  only  in  the  lives  of  our 
children,  but  in  our  own  as  well. 


A  CHINESE  COLLEGE  WOMAN 

By  Jane  Kwong  Lee 
(The  writer  of  the  following  article 
received  her  M.  A.  in  sociology  from 
Mills  College.  As  coordinator  of  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  she  is  one  of 
the  leaders  of  women's  work  in  China- 
town.) 


What  tvpifies  a  college  woman?  If 
I  were  to  classify  a  college  woman  at 
all,  I  can  describe  her  idealistically.  She 
is  on;  who  has  read  and  studied  manv 
phases  of  human  life.  She  knows  from 
books  and  laboratory  work  the  nature  of 
the  universe  and  its  actions.  On  the 
occupational  side,  she  has  been  trained  to 
do  at  least  one  thing  really  well.  On 
the  social  side  she  has  found  the  right 
way  of  living,  which  she  may  put  into 
practice  later  in  improving  human  condi- 
tions. She  minimizes  her  own  interests 
in  the  face  of  the  interests  of  all.  She 
counts  in  spiritual  values  instead  of  ma- 
terial success.  Briefly,  she  is  a  woman 
of  intelligence,  understanding,  and  ideals. 

Such  an  ideal  woman  is  most  needed 
in  Chinatown.  With  her  understanding, 
the  eld  and  new  generation  can  be  re- 
conciled. With  her  brave  actions,  ob- 
jections to  progressive  changes  can  be 
overcome.  With  her  evaluation  on  spiri- 
tual things,  she  is  an  example  of  higher 
thinking.  With  her  open-mindedness, 
she  can  cooperate  with  her  sisters  for 
the  happiness  of  all. 

Do  we  have  such  women  among  us? 
Let  the  college  women  in  the  comunitv 
ask  themselves  this  question,  and  measure 
themselves    with    the    foregoing    qualifi- 


cations. Those  who  have  not  been  to 
college  should  also  ask  themselves  the 
same  question  in  order  to  see  if  a  col- 
lege education  is  justified. 

More  Chinese  girls  are  going  to  col- 
lege now  since  the  Establishment  of  the 
S.  F.  Junior  College.  Once  these  girls 
have  finished  junior  college,  they  will 
likely  continue  to  do  upper  division  work. 
Those  out  of  college  join  the  army  of 
bread-winners.  And  here  the  question 
of  careers  comes  in.  Opportunities  for 
higher  positions  are  limited  the  whole 
world  over.  With  more  highly  educated 
people,  the  competition  for  positions  is 
keener.  Confined  to  this  town,  a  college 
woman,  if  her  position  does  not  give 
her  enough  outlet  for  her  ability,  she 
has  many  organizations  to  serve  as  a 
volunteer.  As  long  as  she  is  not  starving, 
she  philosophically  should  not  think  of 
the  world  as  unkind.  When  bigger  op- 
portunities come,  she  is  the  first  to  be 
notified  because  in  college  she  has  sharp- 
ened her  tool  for  an  occupation,  whereas 
her  high  school  sister  does  not  know 
enough  about  technique  and  workman- 
ship. For  those  who  think  this  town  is 
too  small,  China  provides  a  larger  field. 
Only  this  type  should  have  a  knowledge 
of  the  Chinese  written  language  and 
customs. 

Today  parents  have  changed  their  an- 
cient ideas  of  inequality  between  son 
and  daughter.  It  is  up  to  the  daughter 
to  choose  her  future.  A  serious-minded 
daughter  devotes  her  mind  to  more 
weighty  questions,  while  a  light-minded 
one  does  not  care  much  about  anything. 
An  average  college  woman,  provided 
colleges  still  uphold  their  academic  stand- 
ards, is  of  the  serious-minded  tvpe.  This 
type  finds  it  easier  to  measure  up  to 
idealistic  qualifications.  This  is  the  tvpe 
of  college  woman  Chinatown  needs. 
o 

A  workable  and  practical  Chinese 
typewriter  has  recentlv  been  developed 
and  offered  on  the  market  in  China. 
The  machine  is  about  three  or  four 
times  the  size  of  an  ordinary  typewriter 
and  can  write  vertical  as  well  as  hori- 
zontal lines.  This  miracle  of  modern 
mechanical  science  is  the  result  of  twenty 
years  of  experimenting  and  research 
work,  according  to  the  inventors. 
o 

A  Nebraska  man  has  worn  the  same 
pair  of  shoes  25  years.    If  we  only  loi 
how  many  pairs  of  trousers  he  had  worn 
out    during    that    period,    we    could    tell 
more  about  him. 


a. 


May,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


THE    JADE    BOX 


P'ing  Yu 


FASHION  TIDBITS 

By  Dorothy  Wing 
Seasonal  showers  don't  deter  us  from 
launching  into  one  of  our  pet  topics  of 
this  or  any  other  season  ....  ACCES- 
SORIES. They're  those  all-important 
little  things  that  can  do  all  or  nothing 
for  your  basic  ensemble,  regardless  of 
how  smart  or  chic  this  latter  may  be.  If 
you're  a  confirmed  suit  addict,  as  so 
many  of  us  are,  then  your  particular 
manna  is  in  the  blouse  and  scarf  section 
of  a  store.  There  you'll  find  frills  and 
furbelows,  if  so  minded,  or  primness  and 
severity  (s'help  you! ) .  And  then,  too,  this 
year  the  scarf,  hitherto  something  of  an 
orphan,  is  coming  into  its  very  own  .... 
there  are  innumerable  possibilities  in  using 
squares  whether  they  be  large  or  small. 
Surely  you've  seen  the  fascinating  little 
head-bands  that  are  made  by  a  simple 
twist  or  two  or  chirron  ....  and  what 
about  knotting  your  kerchief  so  that 
you've  simulated  a  blouse  front  to  your 
suit?  Yessirree,  potential  gold  mines  are 
before  our  very  noses  and  we're  the  ones 
to  benefit  by  unearthing  them. 

The  color  note  is  not  to  be  taken  light- 
ly whenever  there  is  a  last  season's  suit  or 
frock  to  brighten  up.  So  may  we  sug- 
gest a  bag,  hat  and  shoes  of  Red  Earth 
(not  "Good  Earth,"  puluze)  or  of 
British  Tan,  which,  incidentally,  is  un- 
dergoing a  change  in  monicker  to  Blacka- 
moor Brown,  due  to  the  heavy  influence 
of  Alix  and  Schiaparelli  in  their  Paris 
showings.  Gray,  navy,  brown,  and  beige 
would  be  considerably  spruced  up  by 
British  Tan  ....  the  same  quadruplet, 
with  black  replacing  brown,  would  be 
stunning  with  Red  Earth.  For  that  mat- 
ter, the  entire  range  of  blues  would  be 
enhanced  by  this  newest  color  accent.  We 
have  purposely  avoided  mentioning 
matching  gloves  because,  to  be  correct, 
gloves  match  or  blend  with  hosiery.  And 
of  course  you  all  are  aware  of  how  much 
more  flattering  the  coppy  tones  in  stock- 
ings are  ....  this  is  a  matter  of  economy, 
too,  since  the  redder  tones  may  be  worn 
with  more  things.  If  you're  from  Mis- 
souri, mam'selle,  try  it  and  see!  The 
mention  of  hosiery  leads,  logically,  to 
shoes  and  bags.  Footgear  is  vastly  more 
flattering  and  svelte  ....  tootsies  are 
definitely  "given  the  air"  and  open  toes 
are  a  matter  of  choice.  Bags  are  more 
imaginative  than  ever  (hooray!)  and  the 
fabrics  used  in  their  making  may  be  shiny 
patent,  sleek  calf,  dull  gabardine,  or  lux- 
urious suede  ....  what  a  range  and  what 
fun  to  choose  from  it. 

And  so,  a  word  of  caution  in  closing 


....  let's  not  allow  fads  to  run  away 
with  our  better  judgment.  Innovations 
are  all  very  well  but  they're  seldom  sound 
investments.  Fundamentally,  though,  an 
innate  conservatism  characterizes  us  as  a 
whole  so  we'll  let  that  dispose  of  that! 

o 

SPARKLING  PERSONALITY 

"She  was  pretty  enough — until  she 
smiled."  That's  what  the  boys  said  be- 
hind her  back.  Like  every  normal  girl 
she  craved  for  beauty,  but,  alas,  she  was 
content  only  with  what  the  beauty  parlor 
could  give  her. 

Flow  is  your  smile?  Does  it  enhance 
your  facial  beauty  by  showing  clean  and 
sparkling  teeth?  Or  is  it  marred  by  dull 
and  lifeless  ones?  Teeth,  in  truth,  are 
the  most  prominent  features  of  our  face. 
People  look  at  us  when  we  talk  and  smile, 
and  they  cannot  help  but  notice  our  teeth. 
Hence,  girls,  we  cannot  afford  to  neglect 
them. 

When  you  admire  the  beautiful  teeth 
of  screen  women,  just  remember  that  per- 
fect, flawless  teeth  will  do  as  much  for 
you  as  they  do  for  those  stars.  For  every 
girl  who  glows  with  personality  and 
charm,  you  can  wager  a  pair  of  dentures 
she  has  a  set  of  clean  and  sparkling 
teeth. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  good  teeth  may 
be  preserved  and  beautified  by  care  and 
attention.  And  the  mouth  should  be 
sweet  and  sanitary  at  all  times.  A  good 
cleansing  of  the  teeth  at  least  twice  daily 
and  a  thorough  cleaning  once  a  year  by 
the  dentist  will  do  the  trick.  A  good 
mouth  wash  will  help  to  keep  tee  breath 
fresh  and  will  give  one  a  feeling  of  clean- 
liness. A  salt  and  water  solution  is  good 
if  you  do  not  care  for  the  commercial 
brands.  One  other  infallible  rule  in  the 
care  of  the  teeth  is  exercise.  Don't  hesitate 
to  chew  coarse  food — spare-ribs  as  the 
Chinese  cook  them  is  an  example — for 
that  is  the  best  exercise  the  gums  and 
jaws  can  have. 


Moreover,  good  teeth  are  responsible 
in  a  large  measure  for  general  good  health 
and  sunny  dispositions.  No  toothache,  no 
grouches,  and  no  grouches — well,  you 
are  at  peace  with  the  world  (phrase  by 
song-writer  Irving  Berlin) . 

The  Chinese  are  as  a  rule  a  hardy  and 
fine  molar-ed  race,  but  it's  a  good  bet 
that  more  than  one  of  our  Chinatown  ills 
can  be  traced  to  defective  teeth.  There- 
fore, I  earnestly  believe  it  is  possible  to 
fight,  let  us  say,  tuberculosis,  and  even 
marital  incompatibilities  with — clean  and 
sparkling  teeth! 


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CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,   1937 


REVIEW 


THE  ROMANCE  OF  TEA 

'The  Romance  of  Tea."  An  out- 
line History  of  Tea  and  Tea-Drinking 
through  Sixteen  Centuries.  By  William 
H.  Ukers,  M.  A.,  Illus.,  276  pp.,  New 
York:   Alfred  A.  Knopf.,  £3.00. 

r  "awk:     Far  in  the  Dreamy  East  there 
grows   a    plant   whose    native    home 
is  the  Sun's  Cousin's  garden. 
The  Ladies:  Oh,  it  is  tea! 
Hawk:    It  is. 

The  Ladies:  To  think  of  tea. 
Hawk:     Its  home  lies  in  the  Valley  of 
Romance, 
A  thousand  miles  beyond  the  wild- 
erness 
Fill  of  my  cup.   I  thank  you.   Let  us 

hold 
On  tea  and  love  a  good  tea-table  talk. 

In  this  manner  the  great  Norwegian 
dramatist,  Henrik  Ibsen  (1928-1906)  pays 
poetic  tribute  to  tea  in  Lcve's  Comedy. 
A  thousand  years  before  and  since  his 
time  other  poets  and  artists  have  sung  their 
praises  of  this  beverage,  from  Lu  Yu  of 
the  T'ang  dynasty  to  the  author  of  this 
highly   readable   outline   treatise   on   tea. 

Mr.  Ukers  is  the  editor  of  the  Tea 
and  Coffee  Trade  Journal,  and  as  such  is 
about  the  most  informed  man  in  America 
en  the  history,  commerce  and  use  of  these 
two  beverages.  He  has  already  written  a 
classic  on  tea  called  "All  About  Tea," 
which  comprised  two  volumes  of  1,152 
pages  and  1,700  illustrations.  Only  a 
limited  edition  of  this  work  was  printed, 
since  the  volumes  cost  £25.  "All  About 
Tea"  was  published  especially  for  those 
who  were  interested  in  its  commercial  as- 
pects rather  than  to  the  average  reader. 

The  present  work  is  designed  for  pop- 
ular reading.  Mr.  Ukers  herein  de- 
scribes "the  legendary  and  true  origins 
of  tea,  the  spread  of  its  use  as  a  drink, 
the  romantic  trade  that  grew  up  around  it, 
its  introduction  to  Europe,  the  changes 
it  caused  in  European  social  and  economic 
life,  and  the  present  status  of  its  manu- 
facture and  use." 

Where  pure  and  unadulterated  facts 
are  concerned,  it  seems  that  what  the 
author  does  not  know  about  tea  is  not 
worthy  of  knowing.  And  since  he  has  a 
facile  pen,  his  account  is  delightful  read- 
ing. 

'Tea  is  a  treasure  of  the  world,"  he 
thus  introduces  us  to  the  romantic  story 
of  this  drink.  When  or  where  tea  was 
first  used  as  a  beverage  no  one  knows, 
but  from  time  immemorial  the  Chinese 
have  drunk  it.  The  Chinese  themselves, 
not  knowing  its  origin,  ascribed  its  dis- 


S    AND    CO 

William   Hoy       


MMENTS 


Lu  Yu,  Author  of  the  Ch'a  Ching   (A.D.  780', 
Chinese   Tea   Classic 

covery  to  Shen  Nung,  the  legendary 
"Divine  Healer"  who  flourished  about 
2737  B.  C.  The  Chinese  written  ideo- 
graph for  tea  (ch'a)  did  not  gain  currency 
until  the  T'ang  dynasty,  when  the  Ch'a 
Ching,  or  Tea  Classic,  was  published. 
The  English  word  for  tea,  as  many  know, 
is  derived  directly  from  the  Chinese.  In 
In  Cantonese  it  is  pronounced  "chah," 
and  in  the  Amoy  dialect  it  is  "tay." 
From  these  two  sources  the  word  has 
found  its  way  into  every  modern  lan- 
guage. The  Dutch  pronounced  it  "tay," 
and  the  English  term  is  derived  from  this 
source. 

The  Tea  Classic 
Lu  Yu  (also  Luwuh)  of  the  Tang 
dynasty  wrote  the  world's  first  monograph 
on  tea,  which  may  also  be  considered  the 
world's  first  advertising  tract  designed  to 
popularize  the  drinking  of  this  beverage. 
Lu  Yu's  monograph,  the  Ch'a  Ching, 
published  A.  D.  780,  consists  of  three 
volumes  of  ten  parts.  "In  the  first  part 
Lu  Yu  treats  of  the  nature  of  the  tea 
plant,  in  the  second  the  utensils  for 
gathering  the  leaves,  and  in  the  third  the 
manipulation  of  the  leaves.  The  fourth 
is  devoted  to  enumerating  and  describ- 
ing the  24  implements  of  tea  equipage. 
In  this  part  may  be  noticed  Lu  Yu's 
predilection  for  Taoist  symbolism  and 
the  influence  of  tea  upon  Chinese  cera- 
mics. In  the  fifth  part  Lu  Yu  describes 
the  method  of  infusion.  The  remaining 
chapters  include   descriptions   of   the   or- 


dinary methods  of  tea-drinking,  a  his- 
torical summary,  enumeration  of  famous 
tea  plantations,  and  illustrations  of  tea 
utensils." 

Lu  Yu  was  nothing  if  not  enthusiasti- 
cally poetic  in  his  tributes  to  tea.  "The 
effect  of  tea  is  cooling,"  he  wrote.  "As 
a  drink,  it  is  well  suited  to  persons  of 
self-restraint  and  good  conduct."  He  is 
also  credited  as  saying:  "Tea  tempers 
the  spirit,  calms  and  harmonizes  the 
mind;  it  arouses  thoughts  and  prevents 
drowsiness,  lightens  and  refreshes  the 
body,  and  cleats  the  perceptive  faculties." 
Could  a  modern  tea  propagandist  equal 
such  brilliant  copy? 

But  Lu  Yu  also  gives  practical  advice 
on  tea-drinking,  for  he  says,  "the  first 
and  second  cups  are  best,  and  the  third 
is  the  next  best.  One  should  not  drink 
the  fourth  and  the  fifth  sup  unless  one 
is  very  thirsty." 

Spread  of  Tea-drinking 

The  tea  plant  is  indigenous  to  China 
and  India,  says  the  author,  thus  settling 
a  long  standing  controversy  regarding 
its  geographical  origin.  Nature's  original 
tea-garden  is  found  in  northern  Siam, 
eastern  Burma,  Yunnan,  Upper  Indo- 
China  and  British  India.  It  grows  best 
in  the  tropics  from  sea-level  up  to  6,000 
feet,  and  in  temperate  zones  it  must  be 
kept  at  low  elevations. 

Tea  was  introduced  into  Japan  about 
A.  D.  593,  along  with  Chinese  civiliza- 
tion, the  fine  arts  and  Buddhism.  How- 
ever, tea  cultivation  in  Japan  did  not 
begin  until  a  later  period,  when  Japanese 
Buddhist  priests  learned  its  cultivation 
while  pursuing  their  religious  studies  in 
China.  From  then  on  tea  conquered 
the  Orient,  its  victory  being  complete 
when  when  the  Dutch  planted  it  in  their 
East  Indian  possessions  and  the  British 
in  India. 

Tea  was  brought  into  Europe  bv  the 
Dutch  in  1610.  preceding  the  introduc- 
tion of  coffee  bv  5  years.  It  was  intro- 
duced with  many  recommendations  from 
European  missionaries,  since  several 
glowing  accounts  of  its  healthfulness 
and  efficacy  had  been  written  bv  them. 
One  of  these  missionaries  was  Matteo 
Ricci  himself,  founder  of  the  Catholic 
missions  in  China.  Tiie  bringing  of 
143 '  j  pounds  of  tea  by  the  British  East 
India  Company  in  1669  "began  an  im- 
portation into  England  which  in  time 
was  to  build  fortunes  and  dot  the  sc.i- 
with  tea  ships."  The  East  India  Com- 
pany became  the  world's  greatest  tea 
monopoly.    From    1700  to    1710  tea   im- 


May,   1937 


Page   11 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENTS 


William  Hoy 


ports  into  England  from  India  and  China 
averaged  800,000  pounds,  rising  to 
4,000,000  pounds  in  1757.  By  that  time 
tea  became  England's  national  drink, 
supplanting   coffee. 

William  Penn  is  credited  with  intro- 
ducing tea  into  the  early  American  col- 
ony. It  quickly  grew  in  favor.  But  by 
the  middle  of  the  18th  century  the  Brit- 
ish East  India  Company's  monopoly  had 
become  distasteful  to  the  American  col- 
onies. They  resented  the  Tea  Act  which 
obliged  them  to  pay  high  duties  for  their 
tea.  "The  colonial  merchant  was  a  free- 
thinking  and  free-trading  individual  to 
whom  anything  smacking  of  monopolv 
was  anathema.  .  .  ."  Several  "tea  parties" 
occurred  in  Newport,  New  York,  Phila- 
delphia, Charleston,  and  the  famous  one 
at  Boston.  The  American  war  of  Inde- 
pendence followed;  a  war  which,  accord- 
ing to  Mr.  Ukers,  caused  England  to 
lose  an  empire  in  order  "to  oblige  the 
East  India  Company." 

In  the  chapters  detailing  the  "Tech- 
nical" aspects  of  tea,  the  growing  and 
manufacturing  of  the  plant  in  China, 
Japan,  Formosa,  Ceylon,  India  and  Java 
are  discussed.  A  short  statistical  study 
of  its  world-wide  commerce  is  then  given, 
followed  by  tea  manners  and  customs  as 
it  is  practiced  in  every  civilized  land, 
not  neglecting  the  famous  tea  ritual  of 
Japan,  the  Cha-no-yu.  Certain  natives 
of  Burma  and  Siam  not  only  drink,  but 
eat  their  tea  as  well. 

Tea  and   Fine   Arts 

The  final  chapters  showed  how  tea 
has  been  celebrated  in  painting,  ceramics, 
music,  poetry  and  literature.  The  author 
observed  that  "tea  has  not  supplied  the 
same  inspiration  to  musicians  as  coffee. 
Tea  never  caused  any  great  composer 
to  write  a  cantata  celebrating  its  allure 
as  did  Bach  for  coffee;  no  comic  opera 
such  as  Meilhat  and  Defres  produced 
in  Paris,  nor  lilting  chansons  like  those 
praising  coffee  in  Brittany  and  other 
French  provinces.  The  best  that  music 
has  done  for  tea  is  represented  by  the 
plucker's  songs  of  the  East,  and  in  the 
West  by  a  few  temperance  hymns  and 
various  ballads  .  .  .  dealing  with  social 
festivities  rather  than  praise  of  the  bev- 
erage." 

But  the  world  is  everlastingly  indebted 
to  the  Chinese  for  discovering  the  art 
of  making  porcelains  with  which  to  serve 
tea.  This  art  was  widely  imitated  in 
Europe. 

In  European  literature  tea  has  either 
been   mentioned  or  praised  by  such   lit- 


erary figures  as  Alexander  Pope,  John 
Gay,  Samuel  Johnson,  William  Cowper, 
Keats,  Coleridge,  Shelley,  Tennyson, 
Longfellow,  the  two  Brownings,  Con- 
greve,  De  Quincey,  Dickens,  Thackeray, 
and  a  host  of  others.  Literary  men  who 
also  loved  their  tea  include  Kant,  Victor 
Hugo,  Balzac,  Gladstone,  Ruskin  and 
Edward  Dowden.  This  chapter,  though 
short,  shows  the  author's  extensive  knowl- 
edge of  tea  and  its  associations  with  art 
and  literature. 

The  book  closes  with  a  discussion  on 
the  chemistry  and  pharmacology  of  tea, 
and  advice  on  tea  buying  and  making. 
"The  art  of  making  tea  comprehends 
three  things:  (1)  a  tea  of  good  quality, 
(2)  freshly  boiling  water,  and  (3)  sep- 
arating the  liquor  from  the  spent  leaves 
after  proper  infusion."  Mr.  Ukers  goes 
on  to  show  ways  and  means  of  accom- 
plishing these  things. 

To  any  one  who  has  ever  drunk  a 
cup  of  hot  and  fragrant  tea,  to  read 
this  book  would  make  him  a  devotee  of 
this  beverage  forever.  He  would  come 
to  appreciate  more  and  love  this  most 
temperate  of  civilized  man's  drink.  Tal- 
leyrand has  said  of  good  coffee  that  it 
is  "pure  as  an  angel  and  sweet  as  love," 
but  of  good  cup  of  tea  a  Chinese  poet, 
Lo  Tung,  has  said  that  it  made  him 
"conscious  of  peace.  The  cool  breath 
of  Heaven  rises  in  my  sleeves,  and  blows 
my  cares  away."  And  Longfellow  ech- 
oed this  sentiment  when  he  said  "Tea 
urges  tranquility  of  the  soul." 
Corrections 

Two  factual  mistakes,  minor  ones,  may 
be  mentioned  in  passing.  On  page  54 
the  author  described  Hiang  Shang 
(Hiang-shan)  as  an  island,  but  it  is 
really  a  coastal  district  of  Kwangtung 
province.  On  page  253  it  was  noted 
that  The  Dream  of  the  Red  Chamber 
was  written  in  English  by  T'sao  Hsiieh- 
chin  and  Kao  Ngoh  and  published  in 
1929.  The  fact  is  the  Red  Chamber,  a 
novel,  was  written  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  seventeenth  century  by  T'sao  Hsueh 
(not  Hsiieh)  chin  and  Kao  Ngoh,  and 
was  translated  into  English  by  Chi-chen 
Wang  and  published  in  1929. 


WRITE 

P.  U.  C.  PRESS 

ANGWIN,  CALIFORNIA 

For  Personalized  Printing  at 
Moderate  Coast 


BRUSH  STROKES 

Best  Seller  The  fastest  selling  book  in 
in  Shanghai  Shanghai  for  the  past  sev- 
eral months  is  not  "Gone 
With  the  Wind,"  "Live  Alone  and  Like 
It,"  or  "Of  Mice  and  Men,"  but  a 
work  of  political  import — former  U.  S. 
Secretary  of  State  Henry  L.  Stimson's 
"The  Far  Eastern  Crisis."  (Chinese 
Digest,  Jan.,  1937)  Because  the  book 
condemned  the  Japanese  military  in  no 
uncertain  terms  for  their  invasion  of 
Manchuria  in  1931  and  subsequent  un- 
fair tactics  of  these  same  military  toward 
China,  it  has  been  reviewed  favorably 
by  every  publication  in  China,  and  as  a 
consequence  has  enjoyed  wide  reading 
among  foreigners  and  English  speaking 
Chinese   alike. 

In  Japan,  Stimson's  book  has  under- 
gone two  translations.  As  was  to  be 
expected,  much  deletions  and  mutilations 
of  the  original  were  glaringly  evident 
to  satisfy  stringent  government  censor- 
ship. Passages  in  the  book  which  con- 
tained (1)  criticism  of  the  army,  (2) 
international  criticism  of  Japanese  con- 
duct and  (3)  the  nature  and  history 
of  "Manchukuo,"  came  in  for  whole- 
sale omissions  or  mutilations.  Deletions 
of  sentences  and  phrases  were  particu- 
larly evident  in  that  part  of  the  book 
wherein  Mr.  Stimson  expressed  the  con- 
viction that  the  creation  of  "Manchu 
kuo"  was  not  the  result  of  the  spon- 
taneous desire  of  the  Manchurian  people, 
but  of  Japanese  aggression. 

Such  is  an  example  of  "thought  con- 
trol" in  Japan. 


"The  Im-  Lin  Yutang,  (My  Country 
portance  of  and  My  People)  who,  with 
Living"  his  family,  has  been  in  the 

United  States  since  last 
August,  is  finishing  the  manuscript  of 
another  book  which  he  has  tentatively 
titled  "The  Importance  of  Living."  He 
savs  that  it  is  a  materialistic  philosophy 
on  the  art  of  living  from,  of  course,  the 
Chinese  point  of  view,  particularly  from 
Dr.  Lin's  humorist-satirist  point  of  view, 
it  may  be  added.  When  the  book  is 
published  Dr.  Lin  will  probably  sail  for 
Europe.  His  three  daughters,  wtaose 
quaint  names  are  Jusu,  Yuju  and  Hsiang- 
ju,  are  attending  school  in  New  York  city. 
Lin  Yutang  said  that  two  of  the 
books  he  most  enjoyed  while  here  were 
"The  Heart  of  Thoreau's  Journals"  and 
"The  Flowering  of  New  England,"  both 
eminently  good  choices.  Incidentally 
Dr.  Lin's  own  book  is  now  in  its  tenth 
printing,   and   still   enjoying   good   sales. 


Poge  12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,   1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWNIAN 

Roam*  Ana+utd 

Greetings!  I  bring  thee  May  flowers. 
O  sons  and  daughters  of  Tang,  and  also 
much  tea-table  talk  that  has  come  to  my 
attentive  ears — pour  this  humble  per- 
son a  cup  of  ooling  while  I  tell  .... 

Do  you  know  that  we  have  a  corre- 
spondent in  Hollywood  now?  He's 
Frank  Tang,  MGM  Chinese  art  tech- 
nician. If  you  want  to  know  more  about 
him,  read  our  March  "Good  Earth"  is- 
sue .  .  .  Correspondent  Tang  will  report 
movieland  doings  which  have  particular 
application  to  the  Chinese.  The  following 
items  are  gleaned  from  his  initial  cor- 
respondence: James  Wong  Howe,  ace 
Chinese  cameraman,  has  returned  from 
England,  where  he  filmed  two  pictures. 
Jimmie  has  landed  a  three-year  contract 
vith  Selnick's  and  is  now  working  on 
"The  Prisoner  of  Zenda,"  starring  Ron- 
ald Colman  .  .  .  T.  J.  Holt,  Shanghai 
theatre  magnate,  sent  to  this  country 
by  the  Chinese  Ministry  of  Industry  to 
study  motion  picture  organization,  is  in 
Hollywood,  and  the  CD  (short  for  Chi- 
nese Digest)  correspondent  has  been 
taking  him  around  the  various  studios. 
.  .  .  The  "Good  Earth"  will  not  be 
shown  in  China  or  Japan,  according  to 
a  recent  statement  by  L.  B.  Mayer, 
M.  G.  M.  executive  .  .  .  Douglas  Fair- 
banks has  sold  his  share  of  the  interest 
on  "The  Adventures  of  Marco  Polo" 
to  Samuel  Goldwyn.  Production  will 
probably  start  in  June,  although  the 
only  star  definitely  decided  on  so  far  is 
Gary  Cooper.  .  .  . 

Anna  May  Wong  has  just  signed  a 
three-year  contract  with  Paramount.  She 
is  on  a  personal  appearance  tour  at  pres- 
ent, but  will  be  able  to  start  work  on  a 
picture  in  September.  .  .  .  Warner 
Brothers  has  just  completed  "War 
Lord,"  formerly  called  "China  Bandit," 
which  is  taken  from  a  stage  play  titled 
"Bad  Man."  The  stars  are  Boris  Kar- 
loff,  Ricardo  Cortez,  and  Beverly  Rob- 
erts, and  Chinese  players  having  promi- 
nent parts  are  Chester  Gan  and  Rich- 
ard Loo  .  .  .  L.  A.'s  new  Chinese 
Counsul  K.  T.  Chang  will  probably  visit 
the   studios   soon.  .   .   . 

Virginia  Fong,  prexy  of  the  Wah  Lung 
Triangle,  was  in  charge  of  the  club's 
dance  held  recently  in  Sac'to.    A  large 


delegation  from  S.  F.  attended  ....  Geo. 
Chan,  Hamilton  Gee  and  Mae  Lew  of 
the  L.  A.  Chinese  Tennis  Club  are  busy 
arranging  for  their  annual  "Big  Game" 
match  with  the  S.  F.  Chitena.  They  may 
play  on  May  30th.  That's  fine,  come  up 
and  join  us  in  celebrating  the  Golden 
Gate  Bridge  Fiesta!  ....  Tis  said  a  large 
contingent  of  L.  A.  maidens  will  come 
to  play  and  root.  Ah  me,  if  only  the 
tennis  racket  I  could  wield!  .  .  .  Did  you 
ever  see  such  lovely  gowns  as  those  worn 
at  the  Chitena  and  the  Cal  Spring  In- 
formal dances?  Such  colors,  such  de- 
signs, such  line,  such  c'ook  sien,  as  we 
say  in  Chinese  ....  John  Tseng,  Joe 
Moke,  Ben  Chu  and  H.  K.  Wong  "sunk 
the  Navy"  one  Sunday  at  Mare  Island — 
they  defeated  them  in  a  tennis  match 
....  Jack  Young,  Sammy  Lee,  Oliver 
Chang  and  Persia  Juan  hooked  plenty  of 
bass  the  other  day.  They  were  s-o-o  big, 
eh?  ....  Bertha  Low,  Ruth  Chin,  Fannie 
Low  and  Francis  Jung  of  Monterey  were 
over  in  Salinas  rooting  for  their  city's 
lone  entrant,  Tommy  Gee,  playing  in  an 
inter-cities  tennis  match.  .  .  .  'Tis  related 
a  few  young  fellows  went  out  to  the  beach 
to  try  their  hands  at  pistol  target  practice. 
Old,  wrinkled  and  bent  Sum  Been  ac- 
companied them  for  the  ride.  The  bright 
youngsters  banged  three  boxes  of  am- 
munition without  a  single  hit.  Then  the 
oldster  stepped  up,  quickly  emptied  a 
pistol.  He  scored  15  bull's  eyes!  Never 
look  down  on  these  oldtimers,  brethren. 

Chickie  Chin's  Shanghai  cafe  is  unique 
in  a  Chinatown  where  the  best  cooks  are 
men.  He  has  a  girl,  Lily  Leong,  as  chef, 
assisted  by  Ruby  Fong.  So  that's  the  rea- 
son for  the  big  rush  at  noon!  .... 
Florence  and  Dorothy  Chang  of  Hono- 
lulu are  visiting  here.  They  are  also 
planning   to   see   the   East  with   brother 

Bill To  all  you  friends  of  Molly 

Lum:  she's  a  cashier  in  a  big  store  back 
home  on  the  Island.  Sister  May  is  still 
here,  though.  .  .  .  Gilbert  Ong,  Ernest 
Hong  and  Clement  Lew  doormanned  at 
the  Commerce  Dance Congratula- 
tions to  Chester  Look  and  Lily  Tong. 
They  have  joined  the  ranks  of  the  mar- 
ried. 

Joe  Chan,  tailor  on  Clay  street,  is  an 
original  fellow.  Back  in  1932  he  created 
a  swing  or  sports  back  suit  long  before 
the  other  clothiers  did.  He  wore  this 
to  the  Chicago  Century  of  Progress  Ex- 
position  in    1933,   and   soon   after   suits 


with  all  kinds  of  backs  appeared.  Now  he 
has  something  new  again:  a  suit  gracefully 
cut  along  the  latest  streamlined  style  with 
one  flap  self-closing  pockets  and  every- 
thing !!!...  David  Wong  of  Sac'to 
who  used  to  work  for  many  movie  stars  in 
Hollywood,  is  now  escorting  a  cute  little 
damsel  about  town.   Her  favorite  color  is 

red And  who  was  that  girl  seen 

riding  with  Jimmie  Loo  on  J  street  in 
Sac'to?  ....  Mrs.  Stanford  Chan  (Connie 
King)  looking  very  chic  in  her  new  out- 
fit, visiting  friends  in  the  capitol  city. 
....  Harry  Jann  of  the  same  city  is  a 
weekly  roaming  romeo  to  S.  F.  That's 
traveling  for  romance!  ....  Edgar  Lee, 
Chi.  Dig.  correspondent  at  Portland,  at- 
tended a  clan  banquet  recently.  It  lasted 
a  whole  night!  .  .  .  Badminton  enthusi- 
asts Chan  Won  Loy  and  Lyman  Lowe 
arranged  an  exhibition  of  this  sport  at 
the  YW  the  other  night,  with  Hock  Ong, 
badminton  champion,  giving  the  spec- 
tators many  a  thrill.  He  autographed 
many  a  shuttle-cocks  for  the  spectators 
later,  including  Hattie  Hall  and  May 
Lee. 

Among  those  who  sailed  on  the  Hoover 
for  China  were  Jimmy  Louie  of  L.  A. 
and  Bill  Jing  of  Bakersfield,  and  among 
those  who  shed  tears  were  some  Cal  co- 
eds  Roy  S  Tom  also  went,  pre- 
sumably on  a  special  mission  for  his  firm. 
If  it's  for  another  reason  we'll  soon  find 

out Elizabeth,  Billy,  Wing  and 

Maylain  Lee  were  going  for  a  Chinese 
education  in  Canton,  accompanied  by 
mother;  and  on  the  dock  was  their  brother 
Lim  P.  Lee  with  a  lump  in  his  throat  and 
much  sadness  in  heart.  He  was  saddened, 
too,  in  more  ways  than  one  for  Canton  is  a 

cherished  port Other   passengers 

were  Roosevelt  Lau,  Walter  Lee,  Merton 
Ou  and  his  bride,  the  latter  couple  to 
honeymoon  in  Hawaii;  also  C.  S.  Lu,  on 
his  way  to  be  Y  secretary  at  Tsinan,  and 
P.  C.  Kao  who,  having  graduated  from 
the  U.  of  Minnesota,  was  going  to  work 
for  Nanking's   foreign  service   .... 

Geo.  Mye  of  the  Oakland  Chinese 
Center  assured  us  that  their  second  an- 
nual dansant  on  May  15th  will  be  color- 
ful and  gay.  The  place  will  be  the  Oak- 
land Elks  Club  ballroom.  .  .  .  Wahso 
Chan,  with  a  brand  new  car,  was  seen  at 
the  Bomb  Day  celebrations  in  Marys- 
ville.  So  was  Violet  Yee.  Out  of  town 
visitors  fairly  crowded  the  place.  Max 
Lee  of  Chico  was  there  too,  dancing  with 
(Continued  on   page   15) 

Trianon  Ball  Room 
Sutter  Near  Van  Ness 


Saturday,  May  29,  1937 
Dance  'Till  One 


GOLDEN  GATE 
BRIDGE  DANCE 


i«PS 


Moy,   1937 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


Page  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINATOWN  POST  OFFICE 
SHOWS  INCREASE  IN  BUSINESS 

San  Francisco,  Calif. — Between  1929 
and  1933,  the  stamp  sales  in  the  China 
Station,  Chinatown  branch  of  the  U.  S. 
post  office  in  San  Francisco,  fluctuated 
with  the  depression  and  decreasing  pop- 
ulation in   the  community. 

Since  1933,  however,  the  sales  of 
stamps  in  this  station  has  advanced  un- 
til, in  1936,  it  totaled  an  all-time  high 
of  $50,466.63.  This  figure  was  revealed 
in  an  article  on  "Chinatown  in  San 
Francisco"  in  a  current  issue  of  The 
Postmasters  Gazette,  edited  by  William 
H.  McCarthy,  San  Francisco  postmaster. 
The  article  cited  that  the  number  of 
C.O.D.'s  advanced  from  6441  in  1930 
to  11,222  in  1936,  while  money  orders 
increased  from  1480  in  1930  to  4750 
last  year. 

About  14  young  men  of  Chinese  par- 
entage are  employed  in  the  San  Fran- 
cisco post  office,  most  of  them  at  Sta- 
tion "B,"  located  at  the  Custom  House, 
not  far  from  Chinatown. 

The  article  further  disclosed  that 
China  Station  was  first  opened  on  April 
18,  1930,  on  the  twenty-fourth  anniver- 
sary of  the  San  Francisco  earthquake 
and  fire.  Its  present  superintendent  is 
Ju  S.  Kim,  forty-two,  assisted  by  Le- 
land  Kimlau  and  a  part-time  assistant, 
Lawrence  Leong. 

o 

A  Chinese  oil  company  has  recently 
been  formed  by  a  group  of  Vancouver 
merchants,  according  to  a  report,  to  de- 
velop an  oil  well  near  that  region. 

Los  Angeles,  Calif. — The  Chinese 
Vice-Consulate  here  has  been  raised  to 
the  full  status  of  a  Consulate.  K.  T. 
Chang,  the  new  Consul,  arrived  here 
recently  to  take  over  his  duties.  He  was 
formerly  Vice-Consul  in  New  York. 

After  four  months  in  China,  during 
which  he  traveled  throughout  the  interior, 
Chih  Meng,  director  of  the  China  In- 
stitute in  America  in  New  York,  has 
recently  returned  to  this  country. 
o 

Palo  Alto,  Calif. — The  Dramatic 
Council  of  Stanford  University  will  give 
two  performances  of  S.  I.  Hsiung's 
"Lady  Precious  Stream"  (Wang  Pao- 
chuan)  on  April  30  and  May  1.  Mem- 
bers of  the  Stanford  Chinese  Student 
club  are  cooperating  to  make  this  pro- 
duction  an   outstanding  success. 


San  Fraocisco — Victor  K.  L.  Kwong, 
Chancellor  of  the  Chinese  Consulate 
here,  was  selected  as  one  of  the  three 
judges  in  the  Commonwealth  club  of 
California  Annual  Plaque  Debate,  held 
recently.  Kwong  is  former  vice  presi- 
dent of  the  Eastern  Universities  Debat- 
ing league  and  an  outstanding  debater 
at  Harvard  university  while  he  was  a 
student  there.  The  judges  for  this  de- 
bate were  selected  out  of  80  names 
submitted. 


San  Francisco — With  a  cocktail  lounge 
as  an  unusual  feature,  the  Chinatown 
Knights  Orchestra,  12  pieces,  will  cele- 
brate the  coming  Golden  Gate  Bridge 
Fiesta  (May  27-June  2)  with  a  gala 
dance  program.  It  will  be  held  May  29th 
at  the  Trianon  ballroom. 

According  to  Harry  D.  K.  Wong, 
orchestra  leader,  those  attending  this 
coming  dance  will  be  given  invitations 
to  a  Dance  Informal  which  the  China- 
town Knights  will  give  at  the  Chinese 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  on  June  26th. 
o 

San  Francisco — The  Chinese  com- 
munity here  will  do  its  share  to  observe 
National  Music  Week  when  the  Cathay 
club  gives  a  concert  at  the  Chinese  play 
ground,  May  2,  at  2  p.  m.  Selections 
from  marches,  waltzes  and  overtures  will 
be  played.  The  concert  will  be  under  the 
direction  of  Thomas  Lym. 
o 

Loh  Pa-hong,  Shanghai  philanthro- 
pist and  Catholic  leader,  was  recently 
awarded  the  order  of  the  Camer.ier  de 
Cape  et  d'Epee  by  Pope  Pius  XI,  through 
Manager  Mario  Zanin,  Apostolic  Dele- 
gate to  China.  This  award  made  Mr. 
Loh  a  member  of  the  Papal  Court  and  is 
the  first  one  ever  given  to  a  Chinese  or 
anyone  in  the  Far  East. 

Get  Your 
GRADUATION   SUITS  AT 

GOOS  B&OS. 

VA&SITY  SUITS  -  -  $25 

HENRY  SHUE  TOM 
Representative  and  Salesman 
Market  at  Stockton      S.  F.  Cal. 


CLASSIFIED 

INSURANCE 

Alfred    B.   Chong 

INSURANCE 

111    Sutter  St.                                          Sutter  2995 

Out  of  Town  agencies  corrying  the  Chinese  Digest 
BOWEN    SALES   CO. 

Fountain    Service 
300  Webster  St..  Oakland 
YEE    PHARMACY 

Drugs  and   Cosmetics 
1119— /th    ^t.   Socramento.   Calif. 
LEE   YUEN    COMPANY 

Newspapers,   Magazines,   Cigars 
101    E.  Washington   St.,   Stockton,  Calif. 
PLAZA    SERVICE    STATION 

Gas   and   Oil 
426   N.    I  os  Anaeles   St..    Los   Angeles.   Calif. 

Orders  for  subscriptions  and  advertisements  can 
be   left  at   the  above  aaencies. 


The  Following  Stores 

Carry    the    CHINESE    DIGEST 

in  San   Francisco 


CRESCENT    PHARMACY 

Drugs  and  Cosmetics 
Fountain   Service 
1101    Powell   St. 


FAT  MING  CO. 

Books  and  Stationery 
905  Grant  Ave. 


KUNG  AN    DRUG  CO. 

Drugs,  Cosmetics,  Magazines 
814  Grant  Ave. 


SERVICE  SUPPLY  CO. 

Chinese  and  English  Books 
831    Grant  Ave. 


UNIQUE  MAGAZINE  SHOP 

Magazines  and  Papers 
681  Jackson  St. 


CHINESE  TRADE  &  TRAVEL  BUREAU 
9    Cameron    Alley 


Orders    for    subscriptions    and    adver- 
tisements   may   be    left   at 
the  above  agencies 


Music 


Sponsor 


Feature 


CHINATOWN   KNIGHTS 


C.  C.  COMMITTEE 


COCKTAIL  LOUNGE 


Page  14 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


May,   1937 


CHINESE  HEADS  NEW  BRANCH 
OF  OCCIDENTAL 

An  important  step  in  the  operations 
of  the  Occidental  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany is  the  establishment  of  a  Chinese 
Department.  Chan  Chung  Wing,  a 
prominent  figure  in  Chinese  banking 
and  life  insurance  circles  on  the  West 
Coast  for  many  years,  is  the  Manager 
of  the  Department  and  his  associate 
is  W.  H.  Wraith,  leading  producer  of 
the  San  Francisco  branch.  The  excel- 
lent experience  on  Chinese  risks  writ- 
ten in  the  Shanghai  and  Honolulu 
general  agencies  led  to  the  decision  to 
specialize  on  business  among  Chinese- 
Americans  who  are  numerous  and 
prominent  in  the  Bay  District. 

Mr.  Wing  is  a  native  of  Napa, 
California,  born  in  1891.  After  at- 
tending public  school  there  he  grad- 
uated from  San  Francisco  Lowell  high 
school.  He  received  his  lawyer's  degree 
from  the  University  of  San  Francisco 
(then  known  as  St.  Ignatius)  in  1918 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  same 
year.  From  1916  to  1918  Mr.  Wing 
was  in  the  Exchange  Department  of 
the  Bank  of  Italy  and  from  1920  to 
1928  he  was  manager  of  the  Chinese 
Department  of  the  Italian-American 
Bank  in  San  Francisco.  The  following 
year  he  was  associated  with  Mr. 
Wraith  in  the  service  of  another  com- 
pany with  which  Mr.  Wraith  was  af- 
filiated before  joining  Occidental. 
This  acquaintanceship  formed  many 
years  ago  was  the  starting  point  of  the 
new  partnership  between  Messrs. 
Wing  and  Wraith  in  the  service  of 
Occidental. 

Already  the  company  is  establish- 
ing branch  openings  for  Chinese 
agents  in  26  states.  The  Chinese  De- 
partment in  San  Francisco  is  the  major 
step  in  this  far-reaching  network.  Mes- 
sages of  congratulation  are  pouring  in 
from  all  over  the  United  States. 

With  increasing  awareness  the  Chi- 
nese business  man  of  today  is  turning 
to  insurance  as  a  sound  investment.  In 
the  past  the  Chinese  have  been  averse 
to  all  forms  of  insurance  except  that 
of  fire  due  largely  to  lack  of  acquaint- 
ance with  western  institutions.  How- 
ever, the  advantages  derived  from  writ- 
ten policies  since  have  served  to  dispel 
that  idea,  as  a  result,  the  business  of 
insurance  has  progressed.  Annuities 
and  automobile  policies  have  proven 
the  most  popular  among  the  Chinese 
populace. 


Left  to  Right — Mr.  Wing,  Miss  Helen  Hee,  Secretary,  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Wraith 

ANNOUNCING  .  .  . 

FOR  THE  FIRST  TIME  IN  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE 

CHINESE-AMERICAN  PEOPLE,  A  CHINESE- 
AMERICAN  DEPARTMENT  BY  A  MAJOR  AMERICAN 
LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY 

The  Occidental  Life  Insurance  Company,  Transamerica  subsid- 
iary with  over  a  quarter  billion  dollars  of  life  insurance  in 
force,  will  now  practice  what  it  has  long  preached — that  our 
Chinese-American  people  are  physically,  morally  and  econom- 
ically select  risks,  that  they  should  be  classified  as  such,  and 
that  hereafter  they  can  and  shall  be  offered  as  attractive  and 
economical  life  insurance  contracts  as  their  Caucasian  neigh- 
bors.   Look  HERE  before  you  next  buy  life  insurance! 


*]'**<&*  a  4-* 


CHAN  CHUNG  WING 


W.  H.  WRAITH 


Manaaer  Associates 
Chinese  Department 


Room  1101,  485  California  Street 


San  Francisco,  California 


We  Have  at  Present  Agency  Openings  in  26  States  for  Chinese  Agents 


Home  Office:    LOS  ANGELES 

LONDON.  ONT  .  DOMINION  of  CANADA 
HONOLULU,  TERRITORY  of  HAWAII 
SHANGHAI.  CHINA    •    MANILA,  P.  I. 


INSURANCE 
COMPANY 


Sotma. 


Major  Agencies:  san  francisco  •  Portland  •  seatti.f.  •  salt  LAKI  city 

DENVER  •   PHOENIX  •  HOUSTON   •  OKLAHOMA    CITY  •  TOPBKA   •    K  \N-  V>    <  ITY 
OMAHA   •    DES    MOINES  •    MINNEAPOLIS  •    CHICAGO 


May,   1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  15 


CHINATOWNIA 


a  very  fair  damsel 30  young  people 

formed  a  Chinese  Youth  Ass'n  in  San 
Diego  not  long  ago.  Church  services, 
socials,  excursions  and  community  sing- 
ings are  some  of  the  activities,  so  reported 
Walter  N.  Horn,  who  has  just  become 
our  correspondent  there.  Prexy  is  Harry 
Jair,  and  other  officers  include  Mrs. 
Lenora  Quon,   Annie   Chew  and  Harry 

Loo Horn   is  an   expert  amateur 

operator  and  wants  other  DX  hounds  to 
send  their  QSL  cards  to  him  at  4433 
Idaho  Street.  He  says  he  gets  Nanking 
on  short  wave  without  any  trouble,  and 
asks,  "How  about  you  W6  LLN  of  S.  F.? 
Doing  all  right,  Geo.  Kan,  with  yours, 
too?"  ....  Larry  Chan  thrilled  'em  at  the 
Jeune  Doc  Annual  Dance  in  N.  Y.  re- 
cently with  his  crooning.  'Tis  said  he's 
even  captured  a  maiden's  heart.  Is  a 
duet  in  the  office?  ....  The  Stockton 
Lau  Lambda  Girls  Club  is  giving  a  ba- 
zaar on  April  30  and  May  1  at  the 
Central  Methodist  church  to  raise  funds 
for  the  Lake  Tahoe  Conference  in  Aug- 
ust. .  .  .  On  the  committee  are  Eleanor 
Ko,  Beulah  Ong,  Nylon  Jueng,  Erma 
Ng,  Peggy  Wong  and  Blossom  Ah  Tye. 
....  Over  300  people  attended  the  Young 
China  Club  and  t  he  Youn^  China  Auxil- 
iary's dance  held  recently  in  Chicago,  re- 
ported Beatrice  Moy,  our  new  correspon- 
dent there.  Officers  very  much  in  evi- 
dence were  Jean,  Anita,  Beatrice,  and 
Gertrude  Moy,  Helen  Wonc;,  Stella  Lau 

and  Helene  Soone They  recently 

pave  a  shower  to  Mrs.  Frank  Eng  (Lillian 
Chan)  for  she  is  expecting,  a  blessed 
event  in  May.  Congrats  in  advance!  .... 

Congrats  also  to  newlyweds  Eva  Quon 
(L.  A.)  and  Don  Fonq,  (Calexico),  and 
Vivian  Wong  and  Georqe  Lee  of  Port- 
land  New  officers  of  the  Mei  Wah 

Girls'  Club  in  L.  A.  are  Eleanor  Soo  Hoo, 
prexy,  Barbara  Jein,  Elsie  Lee  and  May 

Tom The  Chinese  Girl  Reserves 

at  Portland  did  outstanding  work  in  ob- 
serving "Girl  Reserve  Week"  there 

Bringing  spring  flowers  to  hospitals, 
planting  roses  for  the  city  and  attending 
the  Dad  and  Daughter  banquet  were 
some  of  the  activires.  On  the  24th  the 
Chinese  group  held  their  Fifth  Annual 
Silver  Tea  at  the  home  of  their  adviser, 
Mrs.  Stanley  Chin.  Money  thus  raised 
will  be  expended  to  send  delegates  to 
summer  conferences  and  camp.  The  or- 
ganization assists  in  the  care  of  a  little 
orphan  boy  in  the  Mei  Lun  Yuen  Home 
in  S.  F.,  too. 

Cheerio,  brethren  of  the  tea-table,  until 
the  roses  of  June  bring  their  fragrance, 
and  the  early  summer  breezes  whisper 
more  tidings  to  my  unweary  ears.  R.  R. 


DR.    R.   A. 


SCHWARZMANN   VOICES    APPROVAL   OF 
BOY  SCOUT  PROGRAM 


Expressing  his  admiration  for  the  23  years  of  fine  community  work  done  by  the  Boy  Scouts 
of  Troop  Three,  Dr.  R.  Schwarzmann,  well-known  San  Francisco  optician  and  business  leader, 
presented  a  check  to  the  Troop  Three  Alumni  Association  through  it's  Troop  Committeeman, 
Dr.  Chang   W.   Lee,   dentist,   and   U.   S.   Army   reserve  officer. 

"The  scouts  of  Troop  Three."  said  Dr.  Schwarzmann  at  the  presentation  ceremony,  have 
the  important  leadership  to  the  schools,  the  churches,  the  Chinese  Six  Companies,  and  nearly  all 
the  important  organizations  in  the  Chinese  communities  and  in  California.  They  have  shown 
their  public  spirit  in  keeping  the  San  Francisco  Chinese  community  spotless,  in  assisting  traffic 
officers  during  parades  and  festivals,  and  in  working  with  the  teachers  and  police  on  all  worthy 
activities.     It  is  a  pleasure  to  help  in  any  way  possible.  ' 

In  accepting  the  check,  Dr.  Chang  W.  Lee  said  that  the  money  will  be  applied  to  the 
building  of  the  Alumni  Association  to  assist  the  troop.  "It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  boys 
of  Troop  Three  remain  as  members  are  now  fathers,  and  their  sons  are  in  scouting.  Such 
devotion  is  strong  indication  that  the  troon  merits  loyalty.  No  wonder  it  is  the  oldest  existing 
troop  in  San  Francisco."  Dr.  Chang  W.  Lee  then  invited  Dr.  Schwarzmann  to  the  23rd 
Anniversary  Banquet  of  Trocp  3,  sponsored  by  the  Alumni  Association,  on  Friday  evening, 
May  21,  1937.  Dr.  Schwarzmann  maintains  an  up-to-date  optical  office  at  8  Powell  Street,  and 
is  acquainted  with  many  of  the  active  Chinese  young  men  and  women  here. 

ATTENTION  !  !  ! 

Fall  in  !  !  !  All  former  scouts  of  Troop  Three  are  in- 
vited to  make  application  for  membership  in  The  Troop  Three 
Alumni  Association,  an  organization  devoted  to  comradeship 
and  to  assist  the  Active  Troop.  Charter  membership  expires 
May  31,  1937. 

S.  F.  TROOP  THREE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION 
Vincent  Poon,  Treasurer 

Membership  taken  at  9  Cameron  Alley 


Poge   16 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


May,  1937 


SPORTS 


TENNIS  IN  SAN  FRANCISCO 

CHINATOWN 

By  H.  K.  Wong,  President  S.  F.  C.  T.  C. 

Tennis — a  game  of  universal  appeal 
to  men  and  women,  young  and  old,  a 
game  with  more  than  fifty  years  of 
brilliant  history  in  the  field  of  competi- 
tive sports — is  but  a  comparatively  new 
game  to  the  Chinese  community  of  San 
Francisco. 

Notwithstanding  this  short  time,  how- 
ever, this  game  has  grown  in  popularity 
by  leaps  and  bounds  in  Chinatown. 
And  it  is  a  deserved  popularity.  Its 
pleasures  and  benefits  have  won  for  it  a 
lasting  place  among  the  other  sports. 
As  an  economical  game  it  appeals  to 
many  also,  for  tennis  equipment  is  less 
costly   than  most  other   sports. 

The  writers  have  known  the  time 
when  only  a  few  ambitious  old-timers 
frequented  the  new  tennis  court  in  the 
Chinese  Playground,  to  the  times  when 
a  player  can't  even  hope  for  a  set  of 
singles  at  the  ungodly  hour  of  5  a.  m. 

Concurrently,  with  the  rapid  growth 
of  this  new  sport,  a  group  of  enthus- 
iasts formed  the  S.  F.  Chinese  Tennis 
Club  (Chitena),  to  foster  sportsman- 
ship and  competitive  tennis  for  Chinese 
youths. 

Leading  organizations  of  the  commun- 
ity, notably  the  S.  F.  Lodge  of  the 
Chinese  American  Citizen's  Alliance, 
recognizing  this  ideal,  joined  hands  with 
this  club  to  sponsor  the  First  Chinese 
Pacific  Coast  Tennis  Championships  in 
1936.  These  championships  are  hence- 
forth to  be  held  every  year.  It  is  the 
hope  of  the  sponsors  to  ultimately  receive 
entries,  not  only  from  the  bay  counties, 
but  the  Pacific  slope  in  its  entirety.  Con- 
tinuing to  encourage  the  young  players, 
the  Hon.  Consul  General  C.  C.  Huang 
sponsored  the  recent  Spring  Tennis 
Tournament,  which  came  to  a  successful 
conclusion  several  weeks  ago. 

To  all  ye  lovers  of  tennis — too  many 
are  only  spectators.  You  who  watch 
but  do  not  play  lose  many  pleasurable 
thrills.  You  may  be  conscious  of  the 
spirit  of  sportsmanship  but  will  miss 
the  fine  associations  created  by  court 
competition.  You  appraise  the  skillful 
shot  but  will  not  experience  the  thrill 
that  comes  to  the  actual  players  of  the 
game.  Tennis  is  a  game  for  everyone, 
so  don't  be  a  mere  spectator.  Help  the 
game  by  your  active  interest  and  partici- 
pation. 


Many  a  high  head  hides  a  low  brow 


CHINESE  BADMINTON  CHAMP 
GIVES  EXHIBITION 

Returning  to  San  Francisco  from  Chi- 
cago, where  he  had  reached  the  finals 
in  the  American  national  badminton 
championship  tournament.  Hock  Sim 
Ong,  world's  number  1  Chinese  player 
of  this  game,  recently  gave  an  exhibi- 
tion of  his  skill  here.  Teamed  with 
Osgood  Hilton,  Ong  gave  a  large  group 
of  Chinatown's  followers  of  sports  a 
thrilling  forty  minute  exhibition  at  the 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  which  was  replete  with  fast, 
furious  playing  and  beautiful,  lightning 
overhead  smashes. 

Hock  Ong  (Wong  in  Cantonese)  is 
a  slim,  sun-tanned,  23-year-old  Fukien- 
ese  born  in  British  Malaya.  He  learned 
badminton  while  at  England's  famed 
Cambridge  University,  where  he  studied 
under  a  British  Government  scholarship. 
He  perfected  his  game  there,  and  before 
he  had  finished  his  studies,  had  become 
the  badminton  champion  of  his  school. 
Later  he  reached  the  semi-finals  in  the 
All-England  badminton  tournament  be- 
fore he  was  downed. 

Coming  to  the  United  States.  Ong 
enrolled  at  the  University  of  California 
and  took  up  international  law.  Finding 
that  badminton  was  also  popular  in  this 
country,  he  plunged  into  many  a  tourna- 
ment. He  won  the  California  State 
badminton    championship. 

When  the  U.  S.'s  40,000  badminton 
enthusiasts  decided  to  hold  the  first  na- 
tional tournament  of  this  game,  Hock 
Ong's  name  was  conspicuous  in  the  ros- 
ter of  possible  winners.  The  tournament 
was  held  in  the  armory  of  the  Naval 
Reserve  at  Chicago.  Before  it  started 
officials  debated  whether  or  not  to  permit 
Hock  Ong  to  plav,  but  finally  accepted 
his  entry.  He  disposed  of  his  first  op- 
ponents with  little  effort,  and  reached 
the  finals  to  face  Walter  Kramer  of 
Detroit,  rated  America's  best  badminton 
amateur. 

In  the  first  game  Kramer  won,  15-10. 
In  the  second  Ong  got  a  lead  of  4-1. 
Then  something  happened  to  his  wrist. 
and  his  opponent  ran  up  14  points  in  a 
row  to  win  the  match. 

Had  nothing  untoward  happened. 
Hock  Ong  would  have  had  a  good 
chance  to  be  America's  first  national 
badminton  champion.  However,  his  title 
as  the  world's  number  1  Chinese  bad- 
minton player  is  undisputed. 
o 

In  a  post  season  game,  the  1937  Wall 
Ying  champs  were  defeated  by  the  Nam 
Wah  by  a  score  of  36-29. 


RECENT  SPORTS  ACTIVITIES 
IN  SAN  DIEGO 

San  Diego — There  is  a  trio  of  golfers 
in  this  city  of  300  Chinese  who  have 
made  a  place  for  themselves  in  local 
competition.  The  team  consists  of  C.  K. 
Leong,  Richard  Lowe  and  Charles  Lowe. 

In  basketball,  the  "Wildcats"'  have 
recently  won  the  city  championship,  140 
pounds  class.  The  team  is  anxious  for 
inter-city  competition  and  bids  may  be 
sent  in  care  of  the  San  Diego  Y.  M. 
C.  A. 

Sponsored  bv  a  local  department  store, 
a  Chinese  bowling  team  has  been  organ- 
ized, with  Wm.  Leong,  Alfred  Hing. 
Harry  Leong,  Wiley  Yip  and  Creighton 
Leong  as   members. — w.n.h. 

C.  D.  A.  GIRLS'  HOOPSTERS 
END  VICTORIOUS  SEASON 

Bv  trouncing  the  Girl  Reserves 
a  score  of  19  to  4,  the  Junior  C.  D.  A. 
girls'  basketball  team  of  St.  Mary's  clim- 
axed a  season  replete  with  victories. 
They  had  previous!*'  defeated  several 
other  strong  teams,  including  the  Chung 
Wah  (22-6) .  In  the  opinion  of  the 
coach,  the  C.  D.  A.  Junior  team  is  the 
undisputed  girls'  basketball  champ  of 
Chinatown. 

In  their  game  with  the  Girl  Reserves, 
the  St.  Mary's  team  displaved  an  air- 
tight defense,  combined  with  aggressive- 
ness and  superior  team  plav.  They  kept 
the  ball  consistently  within  their  own 
territory,  disabling  their  opponents  anv 
opportunity  to  score. 

Stars  of  the  winning  team  were:  \\  ,i- 
wona  Tang,  Catherine  Chu  and  Char- 
maine  Tang  at  guards;  Rosemary  Gee. 
Anna  Chu  and  Blossom  Tang  at  center; 
and  May  Lo  and  Patricia  Yee  at  for- 
ward positions,  with  the  latter  capturing 
high  point  honors  bv  netting  1 3  points. 
Other  star  players  of  the  team  who  did 
rot  plav  in  this  particular  came  are 
Barbara  Yew,  forward,  and  Norma 
Wong,  guard. 

Outstanding  stars  for  the  Girl  Re- 
serves were  Cam i lie  Wong.  Rubv  Fung 
and   Mabel   Chove. 

The   C.    D.   A.   Juniors    aK 
second  team,   including  such   players   as 
Hattie  Chew.  Rosemarv  Tong,  Lily  Chin, 
Virginia   Wong.   Man 
Fung.  >ne.  Mary  Lum,  Catherine 

Yee,  Ruth  Ng  and  Ma! 


A    half    hour   of    communion    in    the 
morning    will    save    an    hour    of    c 
sion  at  night. 


Moy,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  17 


SPORTS 


w.-.       ,   Jl 

J^^H^B 

1 

j  ?^&  ^e2     m^^                    ft 

OOOi 

iN&kC*^ 

^  •  m 

2   T 

St.  Mary's  C.D.A.  Jr.  Basketball  Team. 
Standing,  left  to  right,  Norma  Wong 
Wawona  Tang,  Hattie  Chew,  Charmaine 
Tang,  Catherine  Chu.  Front,  May  Lo. 
Blossom  Tang,  Rosemary  Gee. 


Hock  Sim  Ong,  Chinese  Badminton 

Champion   Exhibiting   an  Overhead 

Smash 


(See  Story  in  Sports  Column) 


S.  F.  Bay  Area  Tennis  Champs 

The  annual  Spring  Tournament  of  the 
San  Francisco  Chinese  Tennis  Club  came 
to  a  successful  conclusion  with  Peter 
Gee  holding  the  Men's  Singles  cham- 
pionship and  Miss  Jennie  Chew  win- 
ning the  Women's  Singles  championship. 
Gee  defeated  Ben  Chu  6-2,  6-4,  6-4, 
Gee  covered  the  court  with  ease,  and 
he  hounded  each  shot  and  made  un- 
canny recovery  for  hard  driven  balls. 
Miss  Chew  won  from  Miss  Lucuille 
Jung  6-3,  3-6,  and  6-2.  Miss  Chew's 
accurate  undercut  baseline  drives  and 
placements  at  the  net  gave  her  the  vic- 
tory over  the  stubborn  resistance  of  Miss 
Jung. 

Washo  Chan  and  Thomas  Wong  were 
winners  of  the  Men's  Doubles  champ- 
ionship and  scored  4-6,  6-1,  1-6,  12-10, 
and  finally  6-3  over  Ben  Chu  and  Fay 
Lowe.  Wong's  steady  backcourt  game 
and  strategy,  with  Chan's  storming  of 
the  net  were  the  feature  plays  of  the 
match.  The  Mixed  Doubles  title  was 
won  by  Ben  Chu  and  Miss  Alice  Menlo 
Chew  in  a  superior  net  game  over  Walter 
Wong  and  Miss  Lucille  Jung.  The 
victors  scored  6-2  and  6-3  in  a  quick 
finish. 

The  Spring  Tournament  was  spon- 
sored jointly  by  the  local  Chitena  and 
the  San  Francisco  Parlor  of  the  C.  A.- 
C.  A.  with  Consul-General  C.  C.  Huang 


offering  the  trophies.  It  is  reported  that 
the  victors  will  meet  the  Southern  Cali- 
fornia Chitena  champs  for  the  state 
title  in  the  near  future. 


L.  A.  Warming  Up  For  Match 

Los  Angeles — Tennis  is  in  full  swing 
down  South,  with  many  racket  wielders 
warming  up  for  the  coming  match  with 
Chitena  of  San  Francisco.  According 
to  manager  Hamilton  Gee,  there  will 
be  selected  from  the  following:  John 
Sing,  Harding  Wong,  Tony  Jue,  Elmer 
Gee,  Milton  Quon,  Al  Hing,  Walter 
Wong,  Ted  Ung  Donald  de  Beck, 
Frank  Chee,  George  Tong,  Hamilton 
Gee,  June  Lau,  Mamie  Sing,  Lucille 
Lee,  Nellie  Lew,  Barbara  Jein,  and  Vio- 
let Leung. — e.l. 


League  Championship 

Oakland,  Calif. — The  Young  Chi- 
nese A.C.  recently  won  the  All-Nations 
100-lb.  basketball  league  championship 
by  emerging  victorious  from  every  game 
in  their  schedule.  The  club  will  hold  its 
12th  anniversary  celebration  with  a  ban- 
quet and  dance  on  May  30,  it  has  been 
announced. 


years'  time,  the  Locke  Chinese  School 
"A"  basketball  team  climaxed  a  success- 
ful season.  High  point  honors  went  to 
captain  Ping  Lee,  with  17  average  game 
points,  followed  by  Wm.  Jang  with  1 1 
average  game  points.  Richard  Chan, 
George  and  "Ham"  Jang  also  gave  good 
performances  throughout  the  season. 

The  "B"  lightweights  also  went 
through  a  good  season,  with  4  victories 
and  2  defeats.  Both  teams  will  receive 
awards  from  the  school  for  their  achieve- 
ments in  basketball. 


Locke  Chinese  Ends  Good  Hoop 
Season 

Locke,   Calif. — With   8   victories   and 
only  2  defeats,  the  best  record  in  four 


CHINA'S  10,000,000  VACANT  JOBS 
Haldore    Hanson 

As     condensed     in     the     China    Digest, 

Shanghai. 

(See    Editorial    Notes) 

China  has  two  million  educated 
workers  who  have  no  jobs.  These  work- 
ers are  graduates  of  middle  schools  and 
colleges.  Some  of  them  have  poor  jobs 
for  twenty  or  thirty  dollars  a  month 
and  are  looking  for  better  jobs.  Others 
have  no  work  at  all  and  are  living  with 
their  relatives. 

But  here  is  the  paradox.  China  also 
has  ten  million  jobs  and  no  one  to  do 
the  work.  That  sounds  very  strange,  but 
let  me  give  you  an  example.  Last  sum- 
mer in  Foochow  I  was  talking  to  China's 
National  Director  of  Roads,  Mr.  Chen 
T'i  Cheng.  He  said,  "I  can  use  500 
road  directors  at  $70  a  month  to  start, 
but  I  cannot  find  them.  They  must  be 
men  of  responsibility  and  initiative.  If 
I  could  I  would  build  a  road  from  Wu- 
chang to  Changsha,  and  I  would  do  it 
this  year.  I  exepect  them  to  ask  no  ques- 
tion to  use  their  own  ideas,  to  know 
how  to  handle  different  kinds  of  people, 
and  to  use  their  own  courage  to  finish 
the  job.  I  cannot  find  people  of  this 
kind,  and  that  is  one  reason  why  our 
national  highways  are  not  developing 
more   rapidly." 

That  need  of  500  road  directors  is 
just  one  example  of  China's  ten  million 
jobs  without  any  applicants.  There  is 
no  one  qualified  to  take  the  job.  Of 
course  it  is  easy  for  Mr.  Chen  to  appoint 
all  his  relatives  to  these  500  jobs.  Every 
year  thousands  of  names  are  referred  to 
him  by  high  officials,  not  because  they 
are  good  workers,  but  because  they  are 
friends.  Roadbuilding  cannot  be  done 
by  friends  and  relatives,  so  those  500 
jobs  are  still  awaiting  capable  workers. 

Here  is  another  example.  In  Nan- 
king last  summer  I  was  talking  to  Mr. 
James  Thorp,  an  American,  who  is  di- 
recting China's  soil  survey.   It  is  his  job 


Page   18 


CHINESE     D  I  GEST 


May,  1937 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


to  study  the  soils  which  the  Chinese 
farmer  is  using,  and  suggest  to  the  far- 
mer what  crops  he  should  raise.  Mr. 
Thorp  uses  many  chemistry  students  to 
help  him  in  his  work  at  Nanking,  but 
he  also  needs  twenty  or  thirty  students 
to  travel  to  all  provinces  in  China  to  get 
samples  of  the  earth.  That  is  hard  work. 
Over  mountains  in  Kueichow,  across 
the  deserts  of  Suiyuan,  through  the  for- 
ests of  Kwangtung,  along  the  rivers  of 
Yunnan;  everywhere  in  China  these  stu- 
dents must  travel  to  get  samples  of  the 
earth.  Last  June  Mr.  Thorp  wanted 
twelve  students  who  would  help  in  this 
work.  Their  salary  would  be  one  hun- 
dred dollars  a  month.  He  went  to  Tsing 
Hua  university,  to  T'ang  Shan,  to 
Chiao  Tung,  probably  he  also  asked  at 
Hua  Chung  college,  but  he  could  not 
find  twelve  students  willing  to  do  some 
hard  work  for  the  Chinese  farmer.  The 
student  always  said,  "Why  should  we 
do  such  hard  work  travelling  in  China 
if  we  can  get  the  same  salary  in  Nan- 
kin or  Shanghai?"  So  there  is  another 
example  of  jobs  without  applicants 

Let  me  take  another  example.  All 
have  seen  the  small  steamboats  which 
run  from  Shanghai  to  Hankow.  Every- 
day we  can  see  several  of  them  in  the 
river.  Although  many  of  them  are  Chi- 
nese, some  of  them  owned  by  the  Chi- 
nese government,  most  of  them  have  a 
foreign  captain  or  a  foreign  engineer. 
Why  do  the  Chinese  companies  use 
foreigners  on  their  boats?  What  is 
wrong  with  the  Chinese  engineers?  The 
fact  is  that  China  has  no  school  to  train 
sea  captains  or  ship  engineers.  There 
are  some  Chinese  jobs,  but  no  Chinese 
to  do  the  work.  In  America,  almost 
every  sea  captain  is  a  college  graduate 
so  there  is  no  reason  why  some  Chinese 
colleges  cannot  train  men  for  those  jobs. 

I  have  not  even  mentioned  the  most 
important  jobs  which  are  awaiting  for 
educated  men.  What  about  medicine? 
In  the  United  States  every  five  thou- 
sand farmers  have  a  trained  doctor,  one 
graduate  of  a  medical  college.  If  China 
were  to  have  a  doctor  for  every  five 
thousand  farmers,  this  country  would 
need  70,000  doctors.  There  are  70,000 
jobs  with  no  trained  men.  But  you  say, 
the  farmers  cannot  pay  the  doctor.  The 
American  farmers  could  not  pay  either, 
until  some  clever  doctors  organized  a 
kind  of  insurance.  Each  farmer  paid 
a  dollar  a  year,  and  the  doctor  agreed 
to  take  care  of  all  their  sickness.  Thus 
the  doctor  got  #1,000  a  year  from  1,000 
families,  and  rendered  great  service  to 
the  farmers. 


Here  is  another  important  kind  of 
job  without  men.  In  Kiangsi  today  you 
know  that  the  Government  is  trying  to 
help  the  farmers  with  education,  health, 
agriculture,  and  money.  Last  winter  I 
was  talking  to  the  director  of  this  work, 
Mr.  Chang  Fu-liang.  He  said,  "I  can 
use  twenty  hsien  chang,  and  sixty  other 
workers  at  #70  a  month,  if  I  can  get 
intelligent  college  graduates."  But  he 
could  not  find  enough.  College  students 
all  want  tp^live  in  the  big  cities.  Every 
province  in  China  can  use  a  hundred  or 
more  country  officials,  men  who  will  col- 
lect the  taxes,  or  run  the  local  offices, 
and  be  honest.  Dishonesty  here 
among  local  officials  is  one  of  China's 
greatest  problems,  but  the  governors 
cannot  get  enough  honest  men  who  will 
work  for  low  salaries,  and  live  in  towns. 
I  have  a  friend  in  Hopei,  a  graduate 
of  Yenching  university  in  1934,  whose 
home  is  at  Tsangchow.  The  hsien 
chang  of  Tsangchow  was  very  dishon- 
est, and  the  village  was  very  poor.  The 
people  asked  General  Sung  Cheh-yuan 
to  make  this  college  graduate  their 
magistrate,  and  General  Sung  did.  To- 
day that  former  Yenching  student  is 
one  of  the  busiest  men  in  China,  fight- 
ing all  kinds  of  dishonesty,  and  enjoy- 
ing it,  for  only  #80  a  month.  China 
needs   more   students   like   that. 

One  of  the  reasons  why  college  stu- 
dents cannot  take  the  large  number  of 
jobs  available  to  them  is  that  many  are 
members  of  large  families  and  the  family 
demand  that  they  earn  large  sal- 
aries and  give  jobs  to  their  relatives. 
I  was  talking  to  the  salt  commissioner 
in  the  province  of  Shansi  recently  and 
he  said,  "Every  year  my  relatives  urge 
me  to  leave  the  government  salt  office 
and  get  a  job  in  some  business  where  I  • 
can  give  my  relatives  some  jobs,  and 
also  get  a  higher  salary  myself." 

Another  reason  why  millions  of  jobs 
are  unfilled  is  a  mistake  colleges  make. 
Every  teacher,  every  doctor,  every  scien- 
tist has  been  trained  to  work  in  the  city 
with  the  best  books  and  the  best  equip- 
ment. China  has  no  colleges  which  are 
training  students  to  work  in  the  coun- 
try. In  the  city  of  Taiku  in  Shansi,  at 
a  small  hospital,  I  met  a  student  who 
had  just  graduated  from  the  Peking 
Union  Medical  college.  He  said  to  me 
that  he  felt  lost,  as  though  he  were  in 
a  different  world,  because  he  did  not 
have  all  the  instruments  and  all  the  help 
he  had  at  Peiping.  His  college  work 
did  not  train  him  to  work  in  the  small 
hospitals;  he  could  only  work  in  the 
city.     But  all  China  is  not  in  the   city. 


Ninety  per  cent  of  the  Chinese  people 
live  in  the  villages  and  small  towns,  so 
our  medical  colleges  are  not  meeting 
China's  needs.  This  is  not  only  true  of 
medicine  but  of  the  training  of  teachers 
and  engineers  and  scientists  also.  They 
are  all  trained  for   the  city. 

The  last  reason  why  China  has  empty 
jobs  is  the  most  important  of  all.  It 
is  the  quality  which  has  made  every  great 
man  great,  and  for  want  of  this  quality, 
many  educated  men  have  failed.  That 
quality  is  initiative,  the  ability  to  make 
one's  own  job,  and  organize  one's  own 
work. 

It  is  job  makers,  not  job  hunters,  that 
China  needs. 

(Continued  from  page  19) 
Staff  The     following     correspon- 

Changes  dents  and  representatives 
have  recently  resigned:  Bing 
Chan  (New  York)  and  Edward  Chan 
(Salinas).  New  correspondents  and 
representatives  include  Walter  N.  Horn 
(San  Diego),  Bernice  Louie  (Los  An- 
geles), Frank  Tang  (Hollywood),  Bea- 
trice Moy  (Chicago) ,  Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 
(Stockton)  and  Mrs.  Howard  Jang 
(Sacramento) . 

JOBS   IN  CHINA' 

In  our  Feb-uary  issue  of  this  year  we 
published  an  account,  under  Sociological 
Data,  anent  economic  opportunities  for 
our  American-born  Chinese  in  China  to- 
day, citing  in  addition,  many  such  per- 
sons who  have  made  or  are  making  a 
career  for  themselves  there.  Speaking 
pu-ely  from  the  standpoint  of  occupa- 
tional placement,  avoiding  such  consider- 
ations as  personal  adjustment,  living 
standards  and  so  forth,  many  American- 
borns  contemplating  a  future  in  China 
have  asked  this  question  over  and  over 
again:    Are  jobs  available  in  China? 

In  this  issue  we  are  reprinting  an  a-t- 
icle  which  is  in  the  condensation 
a  speech  given  by  its  author  to  a  group  of 
college  students  in  Wuchang  not  long 
ago.  It  is  the  author's  contention  that 
there  are  millions  of  jobs  in  China  todav 
for  those  who  are  willing  to  dedicate 
their  lives  to  the  service  of  their  country 
rather  than  to  personal  economic  gains. 
He  pointed  out  that  the  government  can 
use  men  in  the  interior  provinces  for  raid 
construction  work,  rural  rehabilitation. 
education,  medicine,  village  government] 
and  even  captaining  steamboats. 

You  may  or  may   not   agree   with  the 
author's    views    and    his    conclusion,    b 
what  he  said  merits  serious  consideration 
and  discussion. 


^^^:?^^^«r^ry^is^^!mm(~ 


May,   193  7 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


Page  19 


EDITORIAL 


purpose  and  burning  patriotism,  won  the  sympathy  of  the 
American  people  and  the  American  government  toward  his 
cause. 

Before  and  after  the  revolution  which  brought  about  the 
Chinese  Republic  26  years  ago,  the  Chinese  of  San  Francisco 
contributed  the  greatest  share  of  financial  means  to  make 
Sun  Yat-sen's  dream  of  a  Chinese  democracy  come  true.  Not 
without  a  measure  of  truth  has  it  been  said  that  the  Chinese 
in  America  practically  financed  the  Chinese  revolution  of  1911. 

A  monument  to  Sun  Yat-sen,  therefore,  will  serve  to  keep 
alive  forever  among  the  Chinese  the  memory  of  this  Canton- 


ese patriot.  It  will  also  serve  as  a  symbol  of  the  traditional 
friendship  and  sympathetic  interest  which  the  American  peo- 
ple as  a  whole  has  always  cherished  toward  China  and  her  as- 
pirations. 

Indeed,  one  can  think  of  no  better  memorial  to  the  father 
of  the  Chinese  Republic  than  this  monument  of  him  which  is 
soon  to  stand  in  St.  Anne's  Square.  The  people  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  especially  our  people,  are  therefore  greatly  indebted 
to  the  local  Kuomintang  organization,  which  sponsored  this 
monument,  and  to  the  Works  Progress  Administration,  under 
which  Bufano  is  executing  this  work. 


EDITORIAL    NOTES 


U.  S.-China  As  this  went  to  press  avia- 
Air  Line  tion  history  was  again  made 

by  the  U.  S.  when  the  Pan 
American  Airways  inaugurated,  on  April 
21,  its  long  heralded  United  States  to 
China  air  mail  service.  With  that  act 
a  dream  that  was  seven  years  in  the  mak- 
ing came  to  full  realization — the  span- 
ning of  the  western  and  eastern  hemi- 
sphere over  the  largest  ocean  in  the 
world! 

A  P.  A.  A.  press  release  tells  us  that 
"on  April  28  .  .  .  the  first  passengers 
will  be  carried  directly  to  Hong  Kong 
from  San  Francisco.  On  April  29,  from 
Hong  Kong  there  will  be  inaugurated 
the  first  east  bound  air  mail  service,  while 
on  May  6,  Pan  American  Airways  will 
carry  passengers  for  the  first  time  from 
China  to  San  Francisco." 

There  is  little  need  for  us  to  go  into 
further  details  regarding  this  truly  epoch- 
making  flight,  since  our  readers  will 
have  garnered  them  from  the  news- 
papers. Suffice  it  is  to  remark  here  how 
amazing  has  been  the  progress  of  trans- 
portation which  modern  man  has  ef- 
fected. When  America  first  went  after 
the  "China  trade"  with  a  sea  clipper 
romantically  named  the  Empress  of 
China,  in  1874,  a  trip  to  the  Middle 
Kingdom  was  not  figured  in  days  or 
weeks  but  months.  Now,  a  distance  of 
9,000  miles  may  be  spanned  by  air  clip- 
pers in  65  hours,  spread  over  a  six  day 
period.  Only  in  imagination  can  we  fully 
appreciate  this  marvelous  fact. 


On  S.  F.  "If  further  evidence  of  the 
Chinatown  disintegration  of  Chinatown 
in  San  Francisco  were  re- 
quired, the  appearance  of  a  .  .  .  Chinese 
cocktail  lounge  .  .  .  should  settle  the 
argument.  Chinatown  is  no  longer  a 
sociological  reality.  It  exists  as  a  var- 
iegated patina  on  the  steel,  concrete  and 
granite  base  of  modern  San  Francisco." 
This  is  the  opinion  of  Carey  Mc- 
Williams,  writing  in  Westways  not  long 


ago.  Mr.  McWilliams,  we  may  as  well 
explain,  is  a  literary  journalist  (if  there 
is  such  a  title),  and  has  written  the  best 
biography  of  Ambrose  Bierce  so  far  at- 
tempted. He  conducts  a  monthly  col- 
umn called  "Tides  West"  in  Westways 
and  is  adjudged  by  Idwal  Jones,  another 
California  literary  journalist,  as  the  only 
columnist  on  the  Pacific  rim  whose  writ- 
ings are  worth  reading.  High  praise,  in- 
deed, and  one  which  was  questioned  by  a 
San  Francisco  columnist  who  took  Idwal 
Jones  to  task. 

However,  this  js  neither  here  nor 
there.  "What  we  are  concerned  with 
is  Mr.  McWilliams'  pronouncement  on 
Chinatown's  disintegration.  What  he 
said  about  Chinatown  being  disintegrat- 
ing (regardless  of  whether  it  is  abeted 
and  hastened  by  cocktail  lounges)  is 
nothing  new,  since  we  have  heard  and 
read  of  it  time  and  time  again  from 
various  sociologists  and  pseudo-sociolo- 
gists. But  there  is  still  enough  sociologi- 
cal realities  here  for  any  one  to  take 
either  a  pro  or  con  attitude  toward  the 
question  of  its  disintegration.  Fact  of 
the  matter  is,  no  one  knows  sufficiently 
enough  about  the  intricate  pattern  of 
Chinatown  life  with  which  to  base  a  prog- 
nosis. One  can  only  have  one's  say, 
back  it  up  with  a  few  noticeable  facts, 
and  let  it  go  at  that. 

Mr.  McWilliams  ended  his  opinion 
with  the  following  description  of  the 
cocktail  lounge  he  saw  (we  assumed  he 
was  there) :  "Slick-haired  Chinese  boys 
act  as  bartenders  and  the  social  atmos- 
phere belies  the  background,  for  a  cock- 
tail lounge  is  a  cocktail  lounge  even  when 
located  on  Grant  Avenue." 

We  wish  Mr.  McWilliams  had  seen 
more  of  Chinatown,  for  we  feel  certain 
that  then  he  would  really  have  some- 
thing much  more  worthwhile  to  record. 


Again  Pursuing     the     subject     of 

Chinatown     Chinatown,  we  recently  read 

a   little   article,   in   English, 


published  by  one  of  our  clubs  in  the 
community,  which  more  or  less  upset 
our  feelings.  The  effusion  was  not  as 
well  written  as  it  could  have  been,  but 
some  of  the  ideas  expressed  were,  so  to 
say,  disturbing,  and  evidenced  an  atti- 
tude which  flourishes  like  green  bay  trees 
among  our  younger  generation. 

In  discussing  the  acclimatization  of  the 
Chinese  to  American  civilization  the 
writer  said,  among  other  things,  that 
"Our  forecomers  could  not  help  bring- 
ing to  America  the  old  traditions  and 
tastes  which  at  present  in  China  may 
have  died  out.  If  our  new  generations 
try  to  recapture  those  traditions  and 
tastes,  they  are  fooling  themselves,"  etc. 

All  we  can  say  is  that  our  new  genera- 
tions are  not  expected  to  recapture  the 
traditions  of  our  forefathers,  for  some 
of  them  are  no  longer  useful  or  even 
wise,  as  for  instance,  blind  marriage. 
But  they  must,  for  their  own  social 
good  and  spiritual  peace  and  content- 
ment, preserve  the  best  traditions  which 
have  been  handed  down  to  them.  Ameri- 
can culture  and  civilization  as  yet  has 
little  to  offer  the  younger  generation 
which  could  take  the  place  of  the  simple, 
humanistic  philosophy  of  old  China,  the 
Chinese  ideals  of  life,  and  the  Chinese 
art  of  living. 

We  think  it  was  Lin  Yutang  who  said 
that  it  is  dangerous  to  judge  the  great- 
ness of  any  civilization  by  its  standards 
of  plumbing,  the  same  standard  which 
"cannot  conceive  of  any  man  being 
happy  unless  he  is  living  in  an  over- 
heated apartment  and  owns  a  radio." 
Yet,  unfortunately,  this  is  the  standard 
with  which  our  new  generations  are  judg- 
ing China  and  the  Western  world,  par- 
ticularly the  United  States.  They  would 
be  fooling  themselves  if  they  maintain 
such  an  attitude,  and  relegate  the  best 
which  old  mother  China  can  offer  them, 
to  the  ash  heap. 

(Continued  on   page   18) 


Page  20 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


^y^i"  /£> 


IV 


><^  -/it 


840  MARKET  -  141  KEARNY-S.  F. 
1450  BROADWAY,  OAKLAND 


&,(    A  lot  of  hat 
for  a  5 'Spot 


The'Clubman" 

BY  PENN'CRAFT 

(DIVISION     OF     STETSON) 

TT7  *5  is  your  limit  for  a  Spring 
A  A.    hat,  here  you  are,  sir!  A 
flattering  shape  worn  snapped 
or  off  face.Three  rows  of  stitching 
set  off  bound  edge  brim     ~ 
smartly.  Its  substantial       S 
quality  vouched  for  by 
world's  largest  hat  maker 


5 


STETSON  "PLAYBOY"  CRUSHER  15 

MOORE'S 

Home  of  Hart  Schaffncr  &  Marx  Clothes 

840  MARKET  :  141  KEARNY   :  SAN  FRANCISCO 
1450  BROADWAY,   OAKLAND 


*v  ~  m   a. 


(F 


COMMENT*-    SOClftL»»SC>Oa.TS 

«£WS   -  •  CUITU66  •   *    tlTfiRftTUfte       san  vctMictsco.CMir0«M»  \£ 


Vol.  3,  No.  6 


June,   1937 


Ten  Cents 


A   TRAY   CARRIER 

"If  there  is  anything  we  (Chinese)  ore  serious  about,  it  is  neither  religion 
nor  learning,  but  food.  We  openly  acclaim  eating  as  one  of  the  few  joys  of  this 
human  life."  So  wrote  Lin  Yutang  not  long  ago.  And  because  the  Chinese  consider 
eating  a  joy  and  cuisine  an  art,  Chinatown's  restaurants  are  kept  busy  24  hours  a 
day.  Chinatownians  not  only  eat  in  restaurants  but  bring  the  best  of  restaurant 
foods  home.  Here  is  where  the  indispensable  tray  carrier  comes  in.  Each  restau- 
rant has  at  least  one  tray  carrier  who  does  nothing  but  deliver  lunches,  dinners 
and  banquets  into  the  homes.  An  order  may  be  twenty-five  cents  or  twenty-five 
dollars,  the  tray  carrier  brings  it  to  one's  door,  with  complete  service,  and  calls 
for  the  dishes  next  day.  The  above  picture  shows  one  on  the  corner  of  Washington 
Street  and  Grant  Avenue.  In  the  background  is  the  curved  roof  of  the  Chinatown 
telephone  exchange  and  on  the  right  an  association  headquarters. 

(This  is  the  third  of  a  series  of  pictures  by  Wallace  H.  Fong  portraying 
various  aspects  of  Chinatown  life.) 


Foge  2 


CHINESE     D IGEST 


June,  1937 


EDITORIAL 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America. 


(As  this  is  being  written,  May  19,  the  San  Francisco  hotel 
strike  is  still  on,  with  peace  negotiations  at  a  deadlock.) 

From  the  Chinese  viewpoint,  labor  history  seemed  to  have 
gone  a  long  way  from  Dennis  Kearney's  Workingman  Party 
in  1876  with  the  slogan,  "The  Chinese  Must  GO!"  to  the 
1937  San  Francisco  hotel  strike  with  Chinese  workers  conspic- 
uous on  the  picket  lines.  As  far  as  the  Chinese  are  concerned, 
this  fact  is  almost  epoch-making  in  its  implications.  On  the  one 
hand  it  shows  that  organized  labor's  anti-Chinese  predilections 
are  on  the  wane,  at  least  in  this  particular  locality.  On  the  other 
hand,  interpreting  the  matter  sociologically,  it  indicates  the 
gradual  integration  of  the  Chinese  into  the  American  system 
of  economic  life. 

As  far  as  our  information  goes,  previously  numerous  work- 
ers unions  in  San  Francisco  have  maintained  an  anti-Chinese 
policy  and  have  discriminated  against  Orientals,  preventing 
them  from  joining  their  organizations.  But  in  the  present  hotel 
strike,  all  Chinese  (and  other  Orientals  also)  were  welcomed 
into  the  ranks  of  the  culinary  workers'  unions.  During  the 
Longshoremen's  strike  and  the  Alaskan  Seaman's  strike  not 
long  ago,  it  was  reported  that  some  Chinese  were  admitted  into 
their  unions,  but  few  were  seen  in  the  picket  lines.  In  the 
present  hotel  strike,  however,  Chinese  pickets  performed  their 
duties  side  by  side  with  their  American  workers,  and  were  seen 
on  both  day  and  night  shifts. 

Union  officials  and  observers  of  labor  problems  believe  that 
the  present  is  the  opportune  time  for  Chinese  workers  to  identify 
themselves  actively  with  the  local  labor  movement  and  join 
in  the  fight  for  a  living  wage  for  their  work.  The  fact  that 
the  culinary  workers'  unions  have  freely  permitted  Chinese  to 
join  their  organizations  should  be  a  clarion  call  for  other  labor 
unions  in  San  Francisco  and  throughout  the  state  to  allow  this 
group  into  their  ranks.  In  such  a  way  labor's  traditional  anti- 
Chinese  policy  may  be  relegated  to  the  forgotten  past. 

There  are  about  150  Chinese  workers  out  in  the  present 
hotel  strike.  Since  the  strike  is  chiefly  directed  at  the  "Class 
A"  hotels,  no  Chinese  chefs  are  involved,  but  merely  elevator 
operators,  bellboys,  barboys,  busboys,  porters,  dishwashers, 
janitors  and  other  Chinese  culinary  workers.  The  headquarters 
of  the  culinary  workers'  unions  seemed  to  be  well  proud  of 
their  Chinese  members,  since  there  are  no  Chinese  strike- 
breakers or  "scabs"  in  this  strike. 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 
San    Francisco.   California    (CHina   2400) 

WILLIAM   HOY,  Editor 

Per  year,  $1.00;  Per  copy,  10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.      For   reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE  Associate  Editor 

LIM  P.  LEE Sociological  Data 

DOROTHY   WING    Advertising    Manager 

HELEN  M.  FONG Circulation  Monager 

WALLACE   H.    FONG    Photographer 

H.  K.  WONG  Staff  Reporter 

CORRESPONDENTS   and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersfield    Manie    Lee 

Berkeley Glenn  D.  Lym 

Chicago   Beatrice  Moy 

Fresno   Allen  Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Taog 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace  H.  Goo 

Los  Angeles Elsie  Lee,  Bernice  Louie 

New  York   Bing   Chon 

Portland   Eva  Moe,  Edgar  Lee 

San  Diego  Walter  N.  Horn 

Santa  Barbara  Albert  Yee 

Sacramento    Mrs.    Howard  Jong 

Seattle Eugene  Wong,  Edwin  Luke 

Stockton   Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Watsonville  Alice  Shew 

FOUNDERS  and  PUBLISHERS: 

THOMAS  W.   CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorials    2,  19 

Far  East 3 

Sociological  Data 4,  5 

Culture 6,  7 

The  Jade  Box 8 

Reviews  and  Commenrs 10 

Chinatownia    11-15 

Humor  and  Satire 16 

Sports    17 

Continuation  page 19 

New  Chinese  Ambassador  Arrives  ....    3 

History  of  Chinese  in  America 4 

Chinatown's  Housing  Problem 5 

The  Chinese  Renaissance 6 

I  Covered  the  Picket  Lines 11 

Chinese  Repatriated 15 

A  Chinese  College  Woman 16 

Wa  Sung  Opens  Baseball  Season  17 


June,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


FAR     EAST 


NEW  CHINESE  AMBASSADOR 
ARRIVES  IN  AMERICA 

By  Lim  P.  Lee 
(An     exclusive    interview     with    Dr. 
Chengting  T.  Wang,  Ambassador  of  the 
Republic  of  China  to  the  United  States 
of  America.) 

China  is  very  fortunate  to  have  able 
diplomats  to  represent  her  government 
and  people  in  the  various  international 
centers  of  diplomacy,  and  in  sending 
Ambassador  Chengting  T.  Wang  to 
Washington,  D.  C,  she  could  not  have 
sent  a  more  distinguished  representative. 
Led  by  Counsul-General  C.  C.  Huang, 
stationed  at  San  Francisco,  a  large  dele- 
gation of  officials  and  oversea  Chinese 
met  the  new  Ambassador  when  the  S.  S. 
Hoover  docked  in  San  Francisco.  Consul 
Tsechang  K.  Chang  came  from  Los  An- 
geles, while  from  the  opposite  direction 
came  Consul  Z.  Ying  Loh  of  Seattle; 
also  Vice  Consul  D.  C.  Waun,  Deputy 
Consul  Patrick  Sun,  and  Chancellor 
Victor  K.  Kwong,  of  San  Francisco.  It 
almost  turned  out  to  be  a  conclave  of 
consuls  when  Dr.  Wang  arrived. 

The  new  Ambassador  was  very  demo- 
cratic in  greeting  his  fellow  countrymen, 
and  pleasantly  related  past  experiences 
and  where  he  had  met  some  of  them 
before.  Flanked  by  his  two  beautiful 
daughters  the  Misses  Yoeh  Wang  and 
An-fu  Wang,  who  were  once  co-eds  on 
American  campuses,  Dr.  Wang  met  the 
representatives  of  the  local  Chinese  col- 
ony on  board  the  S.  S.  President  Hoover 
and  exchanged  greetings  with  them. 

Your  interviewer  and  the  staff  pho- 
tographer were  favored  with  an  exclusive 
interview  with  Ambassador  Wang 
through  the  good  offices  of  Consul- 
General  Huang.  I  asked  the  Ambassador 
to  comment  on  Sino-American  relations, 
and  he  graciously  replied, 

"It  is  a  source  of  gratification  for  me 
to  say  that  the  relations  between  China 
and  the  United  States  have  been  most 
amicable  and  friendly  ever  since  we  en- 
tered into  a  treaty  of  amity  and  friend- 
ship between  the  two  countries.  The 
sympathetic  understanding  of  China's 
problems  on  the  part  of  the  government 
and  the  people  of  the  United  States  has 
given  encouragement  to  the  Chinese  peo- 
ple in  their  difficult  task  of  national 
reconstruction. 

"I  am  happy  to  be  in  the  United  States 
again,  because  I  am  coming  back  to  my 
friends  in  America,  whose  acquaintance 
I  have  had  the  good  fortune  of  cultivat- 
ing ever  since  my  college  days  at  Michi- 
gan and  Yale  some  thirty  years  ago  and 


The  center  figure  in  the  top  picture  is  the  new  Chinese  Ambassador  to  the  United 
States,  Chengting  T.  Wang,  with  his  two  daughters.  On  the  left  is  Miss  Yoeh  Wang  and 
on  the  right  Miss  An-fu  Wang. 

The  lower  picture  shows,  standing,  left  to  right,  Consul  General  C.  C.  Huang,  (San 
Francisco);  Hon.  N.  W.  Chien,  and  Vice-Consul  D.  C.  Waun  (San  Francisco).  Sitting,  left 
to  right,Consul  T.  K.  Chang  (Los  Angeles);  Hon.  Y.  F.  Lieu,  first  secretary,  Chinese  Embassy; 
Mrs.  Z.  Y.  Loh,  and  Consul  Z.  Y.  Loh  (Seattle).  All  of  them  were  on  hand  to  welcome  the 
new  Chinese  Ambassador  on  his  arrival  here  May  19. 


whose  friendships  I  have  so  long  treas- 
ured as  my  most  valuable  possession." 

I  asked  His  Excellency  for  a  word  to 
the  overseas  Chinese  in  America,  and 
Ambassador  Wang  said, 


"The  government  is  very  pleased  with 

the    overseas   Chinese   in    America   who 

have  collected  funds  for  the  defense  of 

the  country.   The  government  is  particu- 

(Continued  on  page  18) 


Page  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


June,  1937 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


SOME  SUGGESTIONS  FOR  A 
STUDY  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF 
THE  CHINESE  IN  AMERICA 

By  Samuel  D.  Lee 

(The  Sociological  department  takes 
pleasure  in  presenting  Mr.  Samuel  D. 
Lee  as  the  guest  writer  for  this  issue. 
Mr.  Lee  is  a  graduate  of  Pomona  college 
in  Sociology  and  has  done  research  work 
in  the  history  of  the  Chinese  in  Cali- 
fornia. At  the  present  he  is  case  worker 
at  the  State  Relief  administration,  San 
Francisco  office,  and  has  served  as  the 
case  work  supervisor  for  the  Chinese  di- 
vision of  the  Federal  Emergency  Relief 
administration.) 

From  time  to  time  monographs  have 
been  written  on  the  subject  of  Chinese 
and  Chinatowns  in  California.  Yet  there 
is  still  to  be  desired  a  piece  of  literature 
that  would  properly  coordinate  the  history 
and  extensive  data  concerning  the  migra- 
tion of  the  Chinese  to  America,  their 
early  struggle  for  economic  existence, 
forms  of  social  control  within  the  Chi- 
nese community,  and  interesting  anthro- 
pological changes  brought  about  through 
the  transplanation  of  one  civilization  into 
another.  Without  discounting  the  value 
of  recent  publications,  it  is  nevertheless 
evident  that  those  writers  have  set  upon 
themselves  the  task  of  interpreting  only 
sensational  human  interest  stories  gath- 
ered from  newspapers  and  periodicals  of 
historical  societies.  Perhaps  these  writers 
have  purposely  limited  the  scope  of  their 
work;  nevertheless,  there  is  a  general 
feeling  among  students  of  the  subject  that 
a  book  embodying  more  of  the  factual 
and  less  of  the  unusual  things  that  make 
the  Chinese  different  is  much  needed. 

During  the  last  fifty  years  a  number 
of  general  works  dealing  directly  or  in- 
directly with  the  Chinese  have  been  writ- 
ten. Many  of  them  are  valueless  because 
they  are  not  wholly  free  from  preconcep- 
tion and  racial  bias.  Few  of  these  contri- 
butions included  first  hand  information 
from  early  Chinese  settlers.  Although  it 
is  no  longer  possible  to  tap  the  original 
source  for  material,  there  is  still  a  possi- 
bility of  widening  our  knowledge  of  the 
Chinese  in  California  by  gathering  origi- 
nal data  from  aged  Chinese  living  in  the 
state.  San  Francisco  alone  has  more  than 
a  hundred  aged  persons  who  first  migrat- 
ed here  in  the  early  '70's.  If  they  are 
carefully  interviewed  and  encouraged  to 
talk,  invaluable  material  regarding  the 
history  of  this  State  could  be  culled. 

The  reaction  which  most  of  our  early 
history  texts  seemed  to  create  is  that 
most  Chinese  who  came  to  this  country 


Lim  P.  Lee 


An  old  time  Chinese  gold  miner,  who  went 
into  the  Mother  Lode  country  soon  after  his 
arrival  in  this  land,  and  who  remained  there 
until  his  death  several  years  ago. 


were  either  coolies  or  the  socially  and 
economically  maladjusted.  The  correct- 
ness of  this  assumption  has  never  been 
seriously  challenged.  In  discussions  of 
the  characteristics  of  the  Chinese,  seldom 
is  mentioned  the  intellectual  background 
of  these  immigrants.  Only  occasionally 
does  one  find  reference  to  Canton,  from 
whence  most  American-Chinese  trace 
their  ancestry,  as  being  founded  by 
sturdy  survivors  of  numerous  plagues  and 
barbaric  invasions.  To  say  that  the  early 
Chinese  settlers  were  the  misfits  of  China 
would  be  as  absurd  as  accusing  the 
American  pioneers  to  California  of  being 
the  riffraff  of  the  Atlantic  states. 

Special  Study  Needed 
Until  an  exhaustive  study  of  the  basic 
reasons  for  their  migration  from  Canton 
to  America  is  made  the  history  of  Chi- 
nese in  America  will  not  be  completed. 
One  of  the  striking  factors  of  the  early 
migration  was  the  predominance  of  young 
boys,  ranging  in  age  from  13  to  18  years. 
It  is  true  that  men  who  came  in  the  early 
periods  of  the  gold  rush  were  older  mar- 
ried men,  yet  the  stream  of  immigrants 
after  1860  were  men  of  comparative 
youth.  Common  also  was  the  fact  that 
these  boys  were  sons  of  landowners  who 
had  not  previously  considered  migration 
to  other  localities  to  search  for  greater 
economic  opportuntities.  If  a  greater 
number  of  aged  persons  were  interviewed, 
it  would  not  be  surprising  to  discover 
that  a  more  determining  factor  than  the 
search  for  economic  opportunities  moti- 
vated their  departure  from  the  home- 
land to  a  country  remote  even  to  resi- 


dents of  the  Atlantic  states.  For  were 
not  these  men  aware  of  the  danger  of 
crossing  the  Pacific  and  were  not  more 
accessible  places  available? 

Chinese  in  Industries 

It  would  be  unfair  to  say  that  Chinese 
labor  has  not  been  given  due  recognition 
for  the  part  played  in  the  building  of  the 
Pacific  coast.  Historians  generally  credit 
the  rapid  completion  of  the  railroad 
linking  the  Pacific  coast  with  the  Atlantic 
seaboard  to  the  appliaction  of  Chinese 
labor.  Although  later  condemned  as  ru- 
inous to  the  economic  structure  of  the 
country,  Chinese  were,  at  one  time,  glori- 
fied for  their  work  in  forest  clearance, 
making  possible  the  development  of  a 
railroad  and  highway  system.  Further- 
more, no  study  of  the  fruit  industry  in 
California  is  ever  written  without  men- 
tion of  the  careful  planning  of  Chinese 
farmers.  Yet  a  glance  of  all  such  ma- 
terial published  does  not  adequately  de- 
scribe the  contribution  of  the  Chinese 
pioneer.  His  value  will  continue  to  re- 
main hypothetical  until  a  positive  study 
of  his  achievements  is  made. 

Flere  again  the  aged  Chinese,  who 
have  watched  the  industrial  evolution  of 
this  great  state,  can  add  to  our  store  of 
knowledge.  Many  of  them  were  work- 
ers in  our  industries,  and  by  a  careful 
investigation  it  should  be  easy  to  find 
many  other  industries  in  which  Chi- 
nese were  employed.  With  a  collection  of 
such  material,  research  focused  upon  it 
would  unquestionably  reveal  other  valu- 
able material. 

At  the  present  stage  of  study,  it  is 
fairly  positive  that  the  very  life  of  the 
shoe,  garment,  cigar,  and  farming  in- 
dustries were  dependent  upon  Chinese 
labor.  There  is  also  indication  that  the 
salt  mines,  the  canneries,  and  the  match- 
makers were  not  totally  independent  of 
Chinese  workers.  It  would  be  erroneous 
to  assume  that  the  industrial  founda- 
tion of  California  would  not  have  been 
solidly  built  were  it  not  for  Chinese 
labor.  Nevertheless,  to  ascertain  how 
much  the  growth  of  these  industries  was 
accelerated  by  Chinese  labor  would  be  of 
great  interest. 

The  question  of  whether  or  not  there 
were  industries  preconceived  by  Chinese 
has  never  been  thoroughly  examined.  It  is 
a  generally  known  fact  that  chop  suey  res- 
taurants, hand  laundries,  and  herb  stores 
were  manned  by  Chinese.  However,  it 
may  not  be  fundamentally  correct  to  say 
that  Chinese  were  responsible  for  the 
introduction  of  these  businesses  to  the 
American  public.  It  may  never  be  pos- 
sible   to   arrive   at   any   definite   conclu- 


s. 


?» 


June,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


sions,  yet  the  subject  is  sufficiently  con- 
troversial to  warrant  further  attention. 
Social  Control 

Few  writers  have  ever  discussed  life 
in  Chinatown  without  mentioning  its 
intricate  system  of  social  control.  To  the 
average  reader,  every  Chinese  is  a  "tong" 
man.  The  tong  is  said  to  rule  supreme 
in  Chinatown;  notwithstanding,  few  can 
give  an  accurate  account  of  the  "tong" 
system  in  Chinatown.  To  further  the  er- 
roneous impression  a  murder,  regardless 
of  cause,  is  sufficient  proof  that  China- 
town is  engaged  in  another  tong  war. 
Only  occasionally  is  there  ever  mention 
of  the  long  series  of  meditations  before 
a  "tong"  war  actually  breaks.  A  laxity 
in  investigating  this  complicated  process 
has  injured  the  Chinese  immeasurably  by 
creating  unfavorable  publicity  concerning 
the  tong.  A  scholarly  report  of  the  sub- 
ject is  needed  if  we  are  to  understand 
the  evolution  of  the  present  tong  as  well 
as  to  distinguish  between  the  family,  dis- 
trict, and  the  purely  "fraternal"  organiza- 
tions. The  aged  Chinese  is  again  the  only 
source  for  material  because  most  records 
of  various  associations  and  "tongs"  were 
destroyed  in  the  San  Francisco  holocaust 
of  1906. 

One  writer  said  that  Chinatown  lost 
its  last  vestiges  of  Chinese  culture  when 
the  first  cocktail  bar  was  opened  in  No- 
vember, 1936.  (Chinese  Digest  for 
May,  1937,  p.  19.)  This  statement  has 
been  challenged  by  many;  nevertheless, 
no  one  contests  the  fact  that  marked 
changes  have  appeared  during  the  past 
thirty  years.  The  specific  qualities  of  the 
Chinese  are  said  to  have  been  replaced 
by  the  cruder  traits  of  the  American  cul- 
ture. Chinese  in  America  are  unquestion- 
ably undergoing  a  series  of  stages  in  the 
evolution  of  its  Chinese-American  culture. 
Whether  the  Chinese  civilization  as  in- 
troduced in  America  in  1849  has  vanished 
is  a  remote  question.  Too  much  time  can- 
not be  given  to  investigating  the  cul- 
tural changes  of  the  Chinese  during  their 
eighty-seven  years  in  America. 

o 

SOCIAL  RESEARCH 
COMMITTEE 

A  committee  for  Social  Research  has 
been  recently  organized  in  conjunction 
with  the  Sociological  department,  with 
Mr.  Samuel  D.  Lee  as  director.  This 
committee  is  composed  of  professional 
social  workers,  students  of  social  welfare 
and  sociologists  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  the  Chinese  communities.  Its  function 
is  to  make  first  hand  research  of  pertinent 
problems  of  community  welfare  and  to 


CHINATOWN'S  HOUSING 
PROBLEM  DUE  FOR  AIRING 

It  has  been  admitted  for  a  long  time 
that  the  housing  problem  in  San  Fran- 
cisco Chinatown  is  a  serious  one,  but  the 
complacency  of  the  community  has  left 
this  problem  unsolved.  Slowly  but  ef- 
fectively the  light  of  scientific  investiga- 
tion and  the  attention  of  public  opinion 
are  directed  to  the  housing  problem  of 
Chinatown.  The  Board  of  Health  of 
San  Francisco,  the  Central  Coordinating 
council,  the  Public  Affairs  committee  of 
the  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  the  Breakfast  group 
and  interested  individuals  have  gradually 
brought  the  attention  of  the  community 
to  the  bad  housing  situation  existing  in 
Chinatown.  One  of  the  projects  of  the 
newly-organized  Social  Research  com- 
mittee of  the  Chinese  Digest  is  to  make 
a  first-hand,  impartial  investigation  of 
the  housing  problem  in  Chinatown. 
When  the  survey  is  completed,  the  find- 
ings will  be  revealed  in  these  columns. 

While  waiting  for  the  results  of  the 
housing  survey,  persons  interested  in  bet- 
ter housing  are  quite  active.  It  is  re- 
ported that  a  test  case  to  vacate  one  of 
the  condemned  buildings  in  Chinatown 
by  the  Board  of  Health  will  soon  be  tried 
in  the  San  Francisco  courts.  If  successful 
other  condemned  buildings  will  also  be 
evacuated  of  their  tenants,  and  better 
housing  conditions  will  be  established 
according  to  the  minimum  state  housing 
laws.  Certain  groups  interested  in  the 
constructive  side  of  better  housing  are 
circulating  petitions  and  sending  letters 
in  favor  of  creating  housing  authorities  by 
Congress  and  by  the  California  legis- 
lature. 

The  U.  S.  Housing  bill  of  1937  (S. 
1685  and  H.  R.  5033)  has  been  intro- 
duced in  the  Senate  by  Senator  Wagner 
and  in  the  House  by  Representative  Stea- 
gall.  This  bill  outlines  a  long-term  na- 
tional policy  to  provide  decent  housing 
for  families  of  low  income  in  the  United 
States.  Families  of  low  income  are  de- 
fined as  "families  who  cannot  afford 
to  pay  enough  to  cause  private  enterprise 
in  their  locality  or  metropolitan  area  to 
build  an  adequate  supply  of  decent,  safe, 
and  sanitary  dwellings  for  their  use." 
A  U.  S.  housing  authority  will  be  creat- 


record  historical  materials  of  the  Chinese 
in  America.  From  time  to  time  the  find- 
ings of  the  committee  will  be  published 
in  the  Chinese  Digest.  Anyone  desiring 
to  actively  assist  in  this  committe  may 
communicate  with  the  editor  or  with  the 
sociological  department.  L.  P.  L. 


ed  by  the  passing  of  the  bill  to  assist 
local  housing  authorities  by  loans  and 
grants  to  provide  good  low  rent  housing 
in  their  localities. 

In  California  the  Assembly  has  passed 
an  enabling  act  to  create  housing  author- 
ities in  the  cities  of  California,  "em- 
powered to  study,  plan,  option  and  pur- 
chase property,  construct  and  administer 
housing  projects  which  will  be  made  avail- 
able to  families  of  low  income."  This 
Assembly  bill  1500  has  been  referred 
to  the  Senate  of  California. 

The  Sociological  department  has  stud- 
ied these  bills  and  recommends  them  as 
worthy  social  legislation.  Individuals 
interested  in  better  housing  can  secure 
copies  of  these  bills  by  writing  to  Wash- 
ington, D.  O,  for  the  Wagner-Steagall 
bill  and  to  Sacramento  for  Assembly  bill 
1500.  Favorable  action  for  these  bills 
can  be  secured  by  writing  to  your  Sen- 
ators and  Representatives  in  Congress  and 
to  your  Senators  in  the  California  legis- 
lature. 

When  these  two  bills  are  passed,  San 
Francisco  Chinatown  can  request  the 
proper  housing  authorities  to  set  up  hous- 
ing in  this  community  for  the  families  of 
low  income.  In  view  of  our  congested 
conditions,  this  is  one  of  the  urgent  needs 
of  Chinatown.  L.  P.  L. 


For  Clubs  and  Parties 
Good  Food  at  Moderate  Cost 
Booths  and  Banquet  Halls    I 

i 

FAR   EAST  CAFE         j 
631  Grant  Ave  China  1085   \ 


Novelties 

From 

the 

Entire 

Orient 

India 

Chii 

ia 

Trading 

Co. 

Mr 

Ran 

Ch 

annon, 

Mg 

445  Gran 

t  Ave 

S. 

F.,  Cal. 

Chinese  Works 

of  Art 

1 

NATHAN  BENTZ  b  CO. 

Philip   Bentz, 

Residei 

it  Partner 

441  Grant  Ave. 

Sutter  4652 

Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


June,  1937 


CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


THE  CHINESE 
RENAISSANCE 

(The  following  article  contributed  by 
Howard  Wong,  University  of  California 
graduate  in  Education,  deals  with  a  sub- 
ject which  is  more  or  less  familiar  to  stu- 
dents interested  in  the  history  of  modern 
China,  especially  in  its  intellectual  phase. 
The  intellectual  revolution  in  China  now 
known  as  the  Chinese  Renaissance  is  not 
a  subject  that  could  be  comprehensively 
covered  in  the  short  space  of  an  article, 
but  the  author  of  the  following  has  given 
a  summary  of  its  aim  and  development. 
Those  particularly  interested  in  this  move- 
ment can  find  adequate  treatment  of  it 
in  the  following  books:  The  Chinese 
Renaissance  (1934)  by  Hu  Shih,  and 
The  Youth  Movement  in  China  (1927) 
by  Tsi  Chang  Wang — The  Editor.) 
By  Howard  M.  C.  Wong 

During  the  last  three  centuries  num- 
erous attempts  have  been  made  to  mod- 
ernize China.  Up  to  a  comparatively 
recent  date,  there  had  been  revolutions 
with  a  hope  to  change  her  political  struc- 
ture, but  these  had  resulted  in  failure. 
Attempts  in  other  fields  had  also  been 
made  to  introduce  Western  techniques, 
particularly  in  physical  science  and  mili- 
tary weapons,  but  progress  was  slow. 

Then,  about  twenty  years  ago,  the  Chi- 
nese Renaissance  came  upon  the  scene. 
It  was  a  movement  by  which  the  country's 
intellectual  leaders  tried  to  introduce 
Western  culture  into  China.  It  was  so 
called  because  of  its  similarity  to  the 
European  Renaissance,  during  which  liter- 
ature, art  and  music  were  freed  from  the 
shackles  of  medieval  influences.  The 
Chinese  Renaissance  manifested  itself  in 
several  stages. 

Literary  Revolution 

The  Literary  revolution  marked  its 
first  stage.  In  1915-16  a  group  of  Chi- 
nese students  in  American  universities 
carried  on  a  controversy  over  the  Chinese 
language  problem.  Of  this  group  Hu 
Shih,  then  a  student  at  Columbia,  was 
the  most  active.  He  thought  that  the 
classical  language,  for  centuries  the  only 
writing  medium,  was  too  difficult  both 
to  write  and  to  read,  and  to  master  it 
required  a  life-long  study.  The  spoken 
language  had  long  been  regarded  by  the 
scholars  as  vulgar  and  unfit  to  be  em- 
ployed in  literary  writing.  Although 
several  excellent  novels  of  the  Ming  Dy- 
nasty (Ch'in  P'ing  Mei;  Lieh  Kuo 
Chuan;  Ching  Hau  Yuan;  Erh  Tou 
Mei)  were  written  in  the  spoken  lan- 
guage, the  classical  scholars  paid  litle  at- 
tention to  them.    But  these  novels  were 


read  with  fascination  by  the  masses, 
simply  because  they  were  easy  to  read. 
In  order  to  have  a  new  and  living  litera- 
ture, therefore  (thus  argued  Hu  Shih 
and  his  student  friends) ,  there  must  be  a 
new  and  living  language. 

In  1917,  the  results  of  this  controversy 
were  published  in  the  New  Youth  maga- 
zine of  Shanghai,  which  gave  tremendous 
stimulous  to  young  Chinese  writers.  Chen 
Tu-siu,  fiery  editor  of  the  New  Youth, 
supported  Hu  Shih's  arguments,  by  say- 
ing: "The  Literary  Revolution  is  (1)  to 
destroy  the  painted,  powdered  and  ob- 
sequious literature  of  the  aristocratic  few, 
and  to  create  the  plain,  simple  and  ex- 
pressive literature  of  the  people;  (2)  to 
destroy  the  stereotyped  and  monotonous 
literature  of  classicism,  and  to  create  the 
fresh  and  sincere  literature  of  realism; 
(3)  to  destroy  the  pedantic,  unintelli- 
gible and  obscurantist  literature  of  the 
hermit  and  the  recluse,  and  to  create  the 
plain-speaking  and  popular  literature  of 
a  living  society."  (Hu  Shih,  "The  Chi- 
nese Renaissance,"  p.  54.) 

The  essays  published  in  the  New 
Youth  over  language  reform  aroused  in- 
stant opposition.  Conservative  scholars 
argued  that  the  classical  language  repre- 
sented the  fine  flower  of  Chinese  culture 
over  nearly  four  thousand  years  and  thus 
should  not  be  destroyed.  The  writers  in 
the  country  engaged  in  heated  debates. 
Nevertheless,  the  Literary  revolution 
gradually  gained  strength  until,  between 
1919-20,  about  400  new  periodicals  were 
being  published  in  the  spoken  language. 
In  1920  the  Ministry  of  Education  an- 
nounced that  certain  textbooks  were  to  be 
written  in  the  spoken  language.  This  step 
marked  a  victory  for  the  advocates  of 
the  Literary  revolution. 

May  4th  Movement 
The  famous  May  Fourth  movement 
marked  the  second  phase  of  the  Chinese 
Renaissance.  In  1919,  when  the  Ver- 
sailles Peace  conference  decided  to  give 
tung,  a  Chinese  province,  to  Japan,  stu- 
dents in  the  National  Peking  university 
demonstrated  in  vigorous  protest  against 
the  decision.  One  result  of  the  demon- 
stration was  the  beating  up  of  a  pro- 
Japanese  official  and  the  burning  of  his 
house.  The  movement  gained  nation- 
wide support  and  became  so  strong  as  to 
force  the  government  to  dismiss  three  pro- 
Japanese  officials.  The  country's  intel- 
lectuals became  politically  conscious  as  a 
consequence  of  this  movement. 
Mass  Education 
The  Mass  Education  movement  signi- 
fied the  third  stage  of  the  Chinese  Rena- 


issance. During  the  World  war,  James 
Yen  was  a  volunteer  Y.  M.  C.  A.  worker 
among  the  Chinese  laborers  (about  200,- 
000  in  number)  in  France.  Finding  that 
most  of  these  men  could  not  read  or  write 
their  own  language,  "Jimmie"  Yen 
planned  to  teach  them.  He  compiled  a 
textbook  using  2,000  of  the  most  com- 
mon Chinese  characters  and  called  to- 
gether other  Chinese  educated  workers  to 
help  him  teach  them  to  the  laborers.  He 
was  surprised  to  note  that  these  laborers 
could  read  and  write  the  characters  he 
taught  them  within  two  months. 

When  Jimmie  Yen  returned  to  China 
he  dedicated  himself  to  the  teaching  of 
the  illiterate  masses,  using  the  same  tech- 
nique he  had  devised  in  France.  Thus 
the  Mass  Education  movement  was 
founded,  developed  and  extended 
throughout  the  country.  Within  a  decade 
the  number  of  China's  illiterates  de- 
creased from  80  to  60  per  cent  of  the 
whole  population  through  this  program 
of  mass  education. 

Western  Culture 

The  introduction  of  Western  culture 
was  another  significant  contribution  of 
the  Chinese  Renaissance.  When  the  Jes- 
uits came  to  China  in  the  17th  century, 
they  introduced  Western  mathematics 
and  astronomy  to  the  Chinese.  Many 
valuable  scientific  treatises  were  trans- 
lated into  Chinese.  But  the  old  scholars 
were  slow  in  assimilating  Western  sci- 
ence and  all  but  neglected  this  golden  op- 
portunity to  study  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant factors  that  modernized  the 
Western  world. 

Realizing  the  importance  of  science, 
the  leaders  of  the  Chinese  Renaissance  en- 
couraged its  learning.  Students  were  re- 
quired not  only  to  study  natural  science, 
but  also  to  employ  scientific  methods  in 
their  investigation  of  things.  Interest 
in  scientific  learning  grew  apace  when 
students  who  had  studied  in  American 
and  European  universities  brought  back 
with  them  many  scientific  laboratories. 
In  1916  the  National  Geological  Survey 
was  founded  under  the  leadership  of  the 
late  Dr.  V.  K.  Ting.  In  1914  the  Scien- 
tific society  was  organized.  From  then 
on  these  scientific  organizations  have 
been  making  valuable  contributions  to 
China.  It  is  now  hoped  that  with  the  co- 
operation of  their  foreign  colleagues, 
Chinese  scientists  will  equal  the  contribu- 
tions made  by  Western  scientists. 

The  leaders  of  the  Renaissance  also 
tried  to  introduce  the  ideal  of  Western 
democracy  to  China,  believing  with  Maz- 
zini  that  "Democracy  is  the  progress  of 


^PZ?  '7^n^Sf!^s^«^^'- 


June,  1937 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


Page  7 


CULTURE 


Chingwah   Lee 


all  through  all  under  the  leadership  of  the 
wisest  and  the  best." 

Evaluation  of  Values 

One  of  the  aims  of  the  Renaissance 
was  the  evaluation  of  values,  a  phrase  bor- 
rowed from  Nietsche.  "Has  the  classical 
learning  of  China  any  value?"  they  asked. 
Dr.  Hu  Shih  advocated  the  scientific 
method  in  evaluating  China's  ancient  cul- 
ture. 

The  element  of  intellectual  doubt  crept 
into  the  Chinese  Renaissance.  The  atti- 
tude of  the  leaders  was  sincere,  courage- 
ous and  progressive,  but  they  doubted 
everything  and  refused  to  accept  anything 
without  criticism  and  evaluation.  They 
recognized  no  authority. 

The  family  system,  religion  and  the 
teachings  of  Confucius  came  under  the 
critical  scrutiny  of  the  Renaissance  lead- 
ers. They  modified  the  first,  branded 
as  superstition  the  second  and  threw  the 
ethical  and  moral  codes  of  the  third  over- 
board. And  Christianity  was  identified 
with  imperialism. 

Summary 

On  the  whole,  the  Chinese  Renaissance 
has  given  China  a  new  and  living  lan- 
guage, a  new  outlook  on  life,  a  freedom 
from  fetters  of  tradition,  the  concept  of 
a  new  civilization  and  a  new  scholarship. 
It  has  revolutionized  old  institutions  and 
given  new  interpretations  to  certain  as- 
pects of  China's  ancient  culture.  Whether 
or  not  it  can  bring  Chinese  culture  to  the 
level  of  that  of  the  West  depends  upon 
the  continuous  effort  of  the  country's 
present-day  intellectuals. 
o 

ACADEMIA  SINICA  TO 
HAVE  MORE  RESEARCH 
INSTITUTES 

Nanking,  China  —  The  Academia 
Sinica  is  reported  to  have  recently  com- 
pleted arrangements  for  the  establish- 
ment of  two  new  institutes  for  research 
in  physiology  and  geography.  This  will 
increase  the  number  of  research  insti- 
tutes maintained  by  this  national  govern- 
ment cultural  organization  from  10  to 
12. 

The  existing  10  institutes  are  for  the 
study  of  astronomy,  metereology,  geol- 
ogy, physics,  chemistry,  engineering, 
psychology,  history,  philology,  biology, 
and  the  social  sciences. 

With  the  exception  of  the  institutes  of 
physics,  chemistry,  and  engineering, 
which  are  located  in  Shanghai,  all  the 
other  institutes  are  in  Nanking.  The 
Acadmia  Sinica  not  only  carries  on  orig- 
inal research,  buts  acts  as  an  organ  for 
guiding,  promoting  and  co-ordinating 
scientific  progress  in  China.    Among  its 


many  important  activities  is  the  investiga- 
tion of  raw  material  resources  in  China 
in    connection    with    industrial    develop- 


ment. 


in  1928  and  is  under  the  direction  of 
Dr.  Tsai  Yuan-pei.  It  has  an  annual 
budget  of  #1,200,000,  which  will  be  aug- 
mented after  the  opening  of  the  two  new 


Th   Academia  Sinica  was   established      institutes  by  #360,000  per  year 


HOWELL,  DOUGLASS  &  CO. 

Members 
New  York  Stock  Exchange       San  Franciscc 
San  Francisco  Curb  Exchange        Chicago 

)  Stock  Exchange 
Stock  Exchange 

SAN  FRANCISCO 
317  Montgomery,  225  Columbus  Ave. 

Telephone  Douglas  0131 

PALO  ALTO,  561  Ramona  St. 

NEW  YORK,  40  Wall  St. 

Where  Cooking  Is  An  Art . . . 

Try  our  Barbequed  Peking  Duck  (Kwalo  op)  served 
with  steaming  Bau  (Chinese  layered  sandwich  buns).  One 
duck  serves  10-12.  (Order  must  be  placed  24  hours  in  ad- 
vance for  this  dish.) 

TAO    YUAN 


823  CLAY  ST. 


China  0156 


9*t  A  "QciA<kn  */  £*uJu»Ume*U" 

Chinese  and  American  cuisine  for  large  and 
small  parties.  Cocktails  in  our  new  lounge. 
Specialties  for  after  theater  rendezvous. 


GRANT 

Dancing  every  evening  with  "Babe"  Greenfield's  Orchestra 
453  Grant  Ave.  China  0789 


Poge8 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


June,  1937 


THE    JADE    BOX 


P'ing  Yu 


ON  THE  STATUS  OF  WOMEN— 
A  Point  of  View 

The  inhibited  Chinese  female  in  the 
days  of  pre-Republic  China  accepted 
marriage  as  a  matter  of  course,  much  as 
she  did  the  natural  facts  of  life — birth, 
reproduction,  and  death.  It  was  some- 
thing that  had  to  be,  something  over 
which  she  had  no  control.  As  it  would 
have  been  unnatural  for  her  not  to  do  so, 
in  due  time  she  was  married. 

An  intelligent  modern  Chinese  woman 
today  either  chooses  to  marry  or  to  re- 
main single.  Broadly  speaking,  she  mar- 
ries because  she  knows  that  marriage  is  a 
natural  state.  Luckily  the  clamor  for 
independence  and  freedom  has  not  served 
to  still  the  inner  heart-beat  for  the  in- 
stinct of  motherhood.  In  spite  of  careers 
to  occupy  her  intellectual  life,  she  is  able 
to  accord  to  marriage  and  motherhood 
its  proper  place  in  her  life. 

But  many  ultra-moderns  who  pride 
themselves  as  being  non-conformists, 
fail  to  see  any  longer  the  necessity  for 
marriage.  They  claim  economic  inde- 
pendence, the  single  standard,  the  ac- 
cess to  a  better  and  unfettered  life. 
Liberty,  equality,  and  fraternity  are  theirs. 
Of  what  need  is  there  for  men?  No 
pleasures  are  denied  them.  They  have 
unlimited  choice  of  companionship  with 
both  men  and  women.  And  as  long  as 
there  is  poverty  and  sickness  in  society, 
they  will  have  the  privilege  of  mother- 
ing and  caring  for  children.  Why  then 
join  the  already  numerous  rank  of  the  dis- 
illusioned and  neurotic  wives?  More- 
over, a  wedding  ring  is  no  sure  symbol 
of  a  safe  and  easy  haven  nor  does  love 
conquer  all.  How  well  they  know  that 
the  present  divorce  rate  indicates  an  un- 
fortunate state  of  unsuccessful  alliances! 

According  to  the  Chinese,  the  two  com- 
ponents of  life  representing  the  female 
and  male  principles  are  Yin  and  Yang. 
Without  them,  life  is  without  its  heaven 
and  earth,  its  light  and  darkness,  its  good 
and  evil,  its  positive  and  negative  forces 
of  nature.  They  represent  the  qualities 
of  passiveness  and  activity,  of  tenderness 
and  hardness,  rest  and  motion.  As  Yin 
embodies  both  peace  and  love — the  ideal 
of  Chinese  life,  it  has  therefore  been 
considered  the  superior  and  the  more  es- 
sential. 

Fundamentally,  then,  woman  is  equal 
and  complementary  to  man  and  the  sexes 
should  be  so  in  life.  In  truth,  however, 
woman  is  the  fountain-head  of  life  as 
she  holds  the  power  of  giving  and  enrich- 
ing life.  To  me,  true  womanliness  then 
is  femininity  without  parasitism,  strength 
without  hardness.    Hence,  there  is  defi- 


Wj* 


nitely  a  career  in  marriage  for  the  mod- 
em woman.  It  may  not  be  essential  to 
overcome  loneliness  or  to  satisfy  the  de- 
sire for  children  but  it  is  a  vital  means 
to  a  full  and  complete  life.  And  it  is 
within  the  power  of  every  intelligent  and 
creative  woman  to  provide  for  that  which 
man  eternally  seeks —  the  totality  of  life. 


The  Following  Stores 

Carry   the   CHINESE    DIGEST 

in  San  Francisco 


CRESCENT    PHARMACY 

Drugs  and  Cosmetics 
Fountain  Service 
1101    Powell   St. 


FAT  MING  CO. 

Books  and  Stationery 
905  Grant  Ave. 


KUNG  AN   DRUG  CO. 

Drugs,  Cosmetics,  Magazines 
814  Grant  Ave. 


SERVICE  SUPPLY  CO. 

Chinese  and  English  Books 
831    Grant  Ave. 


UNIQUE  MAGAZINE  SHOP 

Magazines  and  Papers 
681  Jackson  St. 


CHINESE  TRADE  b  TRAVEL  BUREAU 
9    Cameron   Alley 


Orders    for    subscriptions    and    adver- 
tisements   may   be    left   at 
the  above  agencies 


You  cannot  judge  men  by  their  looks. 
o 

Riches  adorn  a  house,  and  virtue  adorns 
the  person.  The  mind  is  expanded,  and 
the  body  is  at  ease.  Therefore,  the  su- 
perior man  must  make  his  thoughts 
sincere. 


The  man  who  would  be  benevolent  is 
like  the  archer.  If  he  misses,  he  does 
not  murmur  against  those  who  surpass 
him.  He  simply  turns  around  and  seeks 
the  cause  of  his  failure  in  himself. 


RECIPE 

"See  Yow  Bak  Op" 

(Soy  Sauce  Squab) 

Several  husbands  have  told  me  that 
my  recipe  for  "gouchung  goh"  made  ex- 
cellent mucilage.  That  could  hardly  be 
called  flattery.  At  any  rate,  one  can 
not  expect  mere  man  to  handle  such  a 
difficult  recipe.  Let's  try  something  sim- 
ple this  month — just  to  keep  peace  in 
the  family! 

Put  enough  "see  yow"  (soy  sauce)  in 
a  covered  pot  to  immerse  squabs.  For 
each  quart  of  "see  yow"  add  one-quarter 
cup  of  "bing  tong"  (rock  sugar) .  Put 
on  slow  fire.  Stir  occasionally,  allowing 
sugar  to  dissolve.  If  desired,  a  small 
amount  of  Chinese  parsley  may  be  added 
to  the  sauce  during  process  of  cooking. 

When  "see  yow"  starts  to  simmer,  put 
in  squabs.  No  additional  seasoning  is 
required,  as  the  "see  yow"  and  "bing 
tong"  are  sufficient. 

Continue  simmering  for  15  minutes  on 
a  very  slow  fire  for  an  average  sized 
squab.  It  is  better  to  have  it  medium 
well-done  than  too  well  done.  Remove 
from  "see  yow." 

Serve  half  or  whole.  To  serve  in  true 
Chinese  fashion,  cut  in  half  and  then 
into  small  pieces  which  may  be  readily 
picked  up  with  the  fork. 

Chicken  may  be  substituted  in  place 
of  squab,  the  amount  of  soy  sauce  and 
cooking  time  increased  accordingly.  The 
sauce  may  be  preserved  for  months  if 
kept  in  a  tightly  capped  glass  jar.  It 
may  be  used  again  for  "see  yow  bak  op" 
or  any  other  purpose  calling  for  soy 
sauce. 

American  devotees,  how  about  trying 
this  for  something  different? — "See  yow 
bak  op"  with  steaming  hot  rice  (Chi. 
Dig.,  March,  1937) — for  vegetables,  ei- 
ther green  peas  or  pan  fried  "bok- 
choy"  will  do.  Top  it  off  with  real  Chi- 
nese tea  and  Chinese  canned  lichee  for 
dessert. 

Be  sure  and  drop  me  a  line  if  your 
guests  don't  come  back  for  more. 
o 

Geneva,  Switzerland — The  next  world 
Conference  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  will 
be  held  in  October,  1938,  at  Hangchow. 
China,  with  the  Chinese  and  Japanese 
branches  acting  as  joint  hostesses,  accord- 
ing to  an  announcement  by  Miss  Ruth 
F.  Woodsmall,  general  secretary  of  the 
World's  Council  of  this  organization, 
with  headquarters  here.  Miss  Wood- 
small  is  now  in  the  U.  S.  after  attend- 
ing Y.  W.  C.  A.  conferences  in  the 
Orient  and  Canada. 


.. 


June,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 

- 


Page  9 


V^FwM^ 


►fV-^V-A* 


t  V 


r>      a 


%*  %ift^ 


St.   Mary's   to  Graduate   English 
and  Chinese  Classes 


The  top  picture  shows  23  graduates  of  the 
Class  of  1937  of  the  English  school.  Back  row, 
standing  left  to  right:  Barbara  Yew;  Thomas 
Lew;  George  Louie;  Joseph  Lee;  Harry  Tong; 
Joseph  C.  Toy;  Douglas  Chan;  Wilfred  Wong; 
Howard  Lee;  Albert  Choy;  Miriam  Dang. 
Middle  row,  sitting  left  to  right,  Ethel  Jear; 
Catherine  Fong;  Flora  Leon;  Rose  Yee;  Wa- 
wona  Tang;  Rev.  Geo.  W.  P.  Johnson, 
C.  S.  P.,  Director  of  St.  Mary's;  Margaret 
Yee;  Ruby  Fong;  Lily  Chin;  Lucille  Wong; 
Agnes  Chew.  Front,  sitting  left  to  right, 
Gene  Lowe;  Henry  Gee. 


Center  picture  shows  37  graduates  of  the 
Chinese  primary  grades.  Back  row,  standing 
left  to  right,  Bing  Chin;  Jack  Yee;  Harry 
Lee;  Teddy  Lee;  Howard  Tom;  Henry  Gee; 
John  Wcng;  Daniel  Chu;  Gene  Lowe;  Yue 
Leong  Lee.  Third  Row,  standing  left  to  right, 
Stephen  Tom;  Harry  Chew;  Florence  Look; 
Patricia  Yee;  Fannie  Loo;  Emily  Wong; 
Mae  Tsang;  Mary  Wong;  Genevieve  Lee; 
George  Lee;  Chester  Chan.  Second  row,  sitting 
left  to  right,  Lily  Gee;  Anna  Loo;  Anita 
Chew;  Mr.  John  Yehall  Chin,  General  Sup- 
ervisor; Rev.  Geo.  W.  P.  Johnson  C.  S.  P., 
Director;  Dr.  Chu  Chew  Shong,  principal  of 
Chinese  school;  Lily  Lee;  Etta  Lee;  Blossom 
Wong.  Front  row,  sitting  left  to  right,  James 
Gee;  Kenneth  Wong;  Joseph  Yew;  Augustine 
Gee;  Eddie  Gee;  Theodore  Tang;  Gee  Ling; 
Henry  Fong.  Two  others  not  in  picture: 
Willie  Wong,  Melvin  Wong. 


Lower  picture  shows  nine  graduates  of  the 
Chinese  Junior  High  grades.  Back  row,  stand- 
ing left  to  right,  Robert  Lum;  Peter  Fong; 
Francis  Ong;  George  Fong;  Hubert  Chang. 
Front  row,  sitting  left  to  right,  Helen  Jow; 
Virginia  Wong;  Mr.  John  Yehall  Chin;  Rev. 
Geo.  W.  J.  Johnson,  C.  S.  P.;  Dr.  Chu  Chew 
Shong;  Anna  Chu;  Ida  Wong. 


Graduation  Exercises  will  be  held  at  Old 
St.  Mary's  Church,  corner  California  St. 
and  Grant  Ave.,   Sunday,   June  6,  at   8  p.m. 


(Space  for  this  page  is  paid  for  as  an  adv.) 


V 


Page  10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


June,  1937 


REVIEWS     AND     COMMENTS 


William  Hoy 


JOTTINGS  FROM  A 
REVIEWER'S  NOTEBOOK 

Helen  Burwell  Chapin,  of 
Round  of  Mills  College,  has  translated 
the  Year  13  Chinese  poems,  mostly 
from  the  brushes  of  T'ang 
Dynasty  poets,  dealing  with  the  four 
seasons  of  the  year.  Like  most  of  the 
best  Chinese  poetry,  they  are  delicate 
pieces,  soft  as  the  spring  wind  and  frag- 
ile as  the  tendril  of  a  flower.  She  has 
not  attempted  to  be  literal  in  her  trans- 
lations nor  has  she  committed  the  un- 
forgivable sin  of  rhyming  them,  but  has 
very  wisely  and  adequately  captured  the 
spirit  of  the  originals.  Translation  of 
such  a  nature  is  in  itself  an  achievement 
of  no  small  merit  and  demands  of  the 
translator  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Chi- 
nese poetical  traditions  and  an  intuitive 
sense  of  the  spirit  of  Chinese  poetry. 

Miss  Chapin  explained  that  the  rea- 
son behind  her  translations  was  her  "de- 
sire to  background  her  calligraphy,  of 
which  she  is  both  proud  and  ashamed." 
Interspersed  in  her  translations  she  has 
hand  brushed  the  four  Chinese  charac- 
ters for  the  four  seasons.  The  cover, 
too,  is  also  brushed  with  the  characters 
Nin  Wen,  meaning  Year  Round,  or  The 
Round  of  the  Year.  The  poem  used  as 
both  Prologue  and  Epilogue  is  an  origi- 
nal by  the  translator.  There  is  also  a 
short  preface  by  Laurence  Binyon,  noted 
British  authority  on  Chinese  art. 

And  here  we  might  say  a  word  of 
tribute  to  the  Eucalyptus  press  of  Mills 
college  which  brought  out  this  work.  I 
have  always  held  the  belief  that  poems 
worthy  of  being  given  to  the  world, 
either  originals  or  translations,  should  be 
finely  printed  and  bound  and  not  just 
haphazardly  slapped  together  and  bound 
with  unattractive  covers.  The  Round 
of  the  Year  does  not  disappoint  me.  It 
is  exquisitely — I  almost  said  beautifully 
— printed  in  what  looks  like  fine  Chi- 
nese rice  paper,  bound  in  durable,  two- 
colored  paper  covers  and  stiched  in  Chi- 
nese fashion.  Not  even  in  China  could 
the  poets  whose  works  appeared  between 
these  covers  have  merited  such  considera- 
tion from  their  printers. 

(THE  ROUND  OF  THE  YEAR, 
Poems  from  the  Chinese,  translated  by 
Helen  Burwell  Chapin.  38  pp.  Mills 
College,  Calif.,  The  Eucalyptus  Press. 
Edition  limited  to  500  copies) . 

As  a  general  principle  this 
The  column  seldom,  if  ever,  says 

Coast  anything    about   books    and 

magazines  not  having  to  do 
with  things  Chinese.  For  once,  how- 
ever, I  beg  leave  to  break  this  rule  and 
say   something   about   a   new    magazine 


Recent  Books  on  China  and 
Things  Chinese 

Chinese  Jade  Throughout  the 
Ages.  By  Stanley  C.  Nott.  New 
York:  Charles  Scribner's  &  Sons. 
Illustrated.  #15. 

A  scholarly  and  comprehensive 
review  of  Chinese  jade,  its  charact- 
eristics, history,  folklore,  and  sym- 
bolism. 

Jade  Lore.  By  John  Goette. 
New  York:  Reynal  &  Hitchcock. 
Illustrated.  #4. 

A  popular  factual  and  historical 
account  of  jade  and  its  significant 
role  in  Chinese  civilization,  by  a 
veteran  American  journalist  in 
China. 

A  History  of  the  Press  and 
Public  Opinion  in  China.  By  Lin 
Yutang.  University  of  Chicago 
Press,  p.. 

An  account  tracing  the  role  of 
public  opinion  and  its  relation  to 
government  in  ancient  China  and 
the  development  of  modern  Chi- 
nese journalism. 

The  Economic  Position  of  the 
Chinese  in  the  Netherlands  Indies. 
By  W.  L.  Cator,  University  of 
Chicago  Press.  #3. 

A  study  of  past  and  present  con- 
ditions. 

A  valuable  handbook  of  general 
information  and  statistics  for  im- 
porters, exporters  and  financiers. 

The  Far  East  in  World  Politics. 
By  G.  F.  Hudson.  New  York: 
Oxford  University  Press.   #3. 

A  study  of  the  relations  of  the 
principal  world  powers  in  the  Ori- 
ent since  the  opening  of  China  and 
Japan. 


that  has  recently  made  it?  appearance  in 
San  Francisco. 

Doubtless  many  readers  already  know 
of  this  publication.  I  refer  to  The 
Coast,  sub-titled  A  Magazine  of  West- 
ern Writing,  and  announced  as  an  un- 
official cooperative  publication  of  writers 
on  the  San  Francisco  Federal  Writers 
Project.  There  are  nine  members  on  the 
editorial  board,  witn  Lawrence   Esatvan 


as  chairman.     It  is  printed  pocket  size, 
has  72  pages  and  is  dated  Spring,  1937. 

The  purpose  of  this  publication,  as  ex- 
plained by  the  editors,  is  to  establish  a 
permanent  regional  literary  magazine  to 
be  subsidized,  if  possible,  by  the  govern- 
ment so  that  real  creative  talent  may  be 
given  an  outlet  for  expression. 

The  initial  issue  of  The  Coast  seems 
to  argue  well  for  such  a  literary  cause. 
Carl  Wilhelmson's  "Midwinternight"  is 
a  vibrant  little  piece;  Miriam  Allen  De- 
Ford's  "Homecoming"  is  a  realistic  tale 
in  the  manner  of  Hemingway,  but  with- 
out the  latter's  sometimes  coarse  lan- 
guage. This  piece  was  probably  based 
on  the  lynchings  in  San  Jose  not  long 
ago  and  is  a  reprint  from  the  Windsor 
Quarterly.  Leon  Dorais's  "Mama,  The 
Man  is  Standing  There"  leaves  a  haunt- 
ing impression,  while  Lawrence  Esta- 
van's  "The  Hope  and  the  Pride"  calls 
forth  a  feeling  of  futility.  Margaret 
Wilkins'  short  piece,  "Freedom,"  re- 
minds me  of  some  of  the  subjective  plot- 
less short  stories  by  some  modern  Chi- 
nese writers  several  years  ago. 

Of  the  articles,  Robin  Kinkead's  "The 
Red  Steam-Roller,"  presenting  first-hand 
information  about  the  rapid  development 
of  the  military  machine  in  Russia,  is  a 
fine  piece  of  reporting.  "Criticism  in 
Orientation,"  by  Edward  Radenzel,  con- 
tains some  good  criticism  of  literary- 
critics.  Kenneth  Rexroth's  "Poetry  and 
Society,"  evidently  a  chapter  from  a  pro- 
jected   book,    is    well    worth    pondering 

Of  the  eight  poems  I  easily  take 
Kenneth  Rexroth's  "Another  Early 
Morning  Exercise"  as  the  one  to  my  lik- 
ing, not  because  it  mentioned  the  fact  that 
that  the  author  was  in  Sam  Wo's  drinking 
liquor,  or  that  he  argued  about  the  Chi- 
nese revolution  of  1927,  nor  even  that 
he  talked  of  Kuo  Min  Tang  and  of  the 
poet  Tu  Fu,  but  because  it  was  a  good, 
free,  descriptive  poem  with  challenging 
thoughts  in  it.  I  cannot  help  thinking 
that  his  mention  of  Tu  Fu  was  a  happy 
choice:  he  was  first  of  all  a  scholar  and 
he  wanted  peace  to  write  poetry,  yet  he 
was  forced  to  fight  for  an  official  job  be- 
cause he  was  poor  and  of  necessity  must 
earn  his  rice  and  wine. 

These  lines  from  Rexroth's  poem  arc 
not  easily   forgotten: 

A  chill  comes  over  me  as  I  walk  along 
shivering, 

Thinking  of  a  world  full  of  miserable 
lives 

And  all  the  men  who  have  been  tor- 
tured 

Because  they  believed  it  was  possible 
to  be  happy. 
(Continued  on   page   IS) 


June,  1937 


CHINESE     Dl GEST 


Page  11 


CHINATOWNIA 


I  COVERED 

THE  PICKET  LINES 

By  L.  A.  H. 

(The  following  article  was  written  at 
the  height  of  the  San  Francisco  hotel 
strike,  when  employees  of  15  of  the  city's 
leading  hotels  walked  out.  Among  them 
were  150  Chinese  workers,  most  of  whom 
were  also  placed  on  picket  duty.  See 
editorial  on  page  2 — The  Editor) . 

For  the  first  time  in  my  life  I  saw 
Chinese  pickets  in  a  major  local  labor 
struggle.  From  the  Chinese  point  of 
view  it  was  an  unusual,  not  to  say  his- 
toric, state  of  affairs,  and  just  to  get  a 
more  intimate  picture  of  it,  I  too,  be- 
came a  Chinese  picket,  but  without  bene- 
fit of  union  membership.  However,  let 
me  tell  the  story  from  the  beginning — 

I  had  heard  and  read  about  the  hotel 
strike  just  like  any  other  conscientious 
newspaper  reader.  The  hotel  operators 
were  not  paying  their  culinary  employees 
adequate  wages,  I  was  told,  and  on  top 
of  this  the  working  hours  were  long. 
Therefore  these  employees  had  organ- 
ized and  at  the  opportune  time  had 
called  a  strike  in,  na  effort  to  secure 
higher  wages  and  shorter  hours. 

As  far  as  Chinatown  was  concerned, 
of  course,  this  strike  did  not  affect  its 
economic  life  as  the  General  strike  and 
the  Maritime  strike  not  long  ago  did. 
Nevertheless,  from  my  kinsmen,  cousins, 
and  friends  I  had  learned  that  more  than 
a  hundred  Chinese  employees  were 
thrown  out  of  work  by  this  hotel  strike 
and  they  were  very  unhappy  about  the 
whole  situation.  They  had  not  been  in 
any  strike  before,  but  they  had  joined 
the  unions  and  the  unions  had  told  them 
that  they  would  obtain  better  wages  for 
their  labor  if  they  would  strike. 

Then,  one  starry  night  at  twelve,  when 
most  good  and  law-abiding  people  were 
safely  in  the  arms  of  Orpheus  (except 
the  irritated  guests  of  the  city's  strike- 
bound hotels),  I  strolled  out  of  China- 
town and  turned  southwest.  I  passed 
several  of  the  hotels  which  were  picketed 
by  men  wearing  crimson  A.  F.  L.  stream- 
ers or  with  large  signs  across  their  fronts 
and  backs  crying  out  such  messages  as 
"Unfair  to  Organized  Labor,"  and 
something  about  12'/2  hours  work  per 
day  being  slavery  and  so  forth.  The 
pickets  were  quiet,  intent  and  serious 
about  their  duties  as  they  walked  to  and 
fro  in  front  of  the  hotels. 

Then,  in  front  of  one  hotel  I  made 
my  discovery.     Chinese  pickets! 

Shades  of  Confucius!"  I  cried  to  my- 
self. 

I  had  made  no  mistake  either.  They 
were  bona  fide  Chinese  pickets,  with 
A.   F.   L.    streamers   strapped   on   them 


Two  Chinese  pickets,  their   Irish  up,  doing 
their  duty  in  the  S.  F.  hotel  strike. 


like  Legion  of  Honor  banners  on  French 
diplomats.  One  of  them  was  leaning  in 
the  doorway,  placid  and  unexcited,  a 
cigarette  in  his  mouth.  Another  was  sit- 
ting on  a  box  nearby,  with  his  overcoat 
turned  up,  his  cap  pulled  down  and 
hands  in  pockets.  Still  another,  short 
and  heavy-set,  was  patrolling  the  side 
of  the  hotel,  a  sign  hanging  on  his  front, 
which  declared  to  the  world  that 
"Twelve  and  one-half  Hours  of  Work  a 
Day  Is  No  Life  of  Reilly!"  The  Chi- 
nese Irish  was  up,  it  seemed. 

Sensing  a  story,  I  decided  to  make  the 
acquaintance  of  these  pickets. 

"How  are  things  with  you,  fellow  vil- 
lagers?" I  called  to  them,  using  the  con- 
ventional Chinese  mode  of  greeting. 

They  returned  my  salutation  amicably, 
glad  to  have  someone  to  talk  to.  Yes, 
they  had  been  picketing  the  place  for 
several  nights  already.  Cold,  windy 
nights,  too.  But  they  were  not  com- 
plaining— only  wishing  their  unions 
would  win  and  they  could  go  back  to 
work  soon.  They  told  me  that  there 
were  Chinese  pickets  stationed  at  the 
Fairmont,  Palace,  Mark  Hopkins  and  Sir 
Francis  Drake — in  fact,  at  all  the  places 
where   our   countrymen   were  employed. 

By  this  time  I  had  decided  to  see 
all  the  Chinese  pickets  at  the  various  ho- 
tels named  and  do  a  little  unofficial 
picketing  myself  for  the  cause  of  labor. 

When  the  bells  of  Old  St.  Mary's  not 
far  away  chimed  the  hour  of  2  a.  m.,  I 
bid  my  first  picket  friends  farewell  and 
turned  my  footsteps  toward  the  Sir  Fran- 
cis Drake. 

There  I  found  several  Chinese  also, 
one  being  a  veteran  cook  at  the  Palace. 

"Is   this   the   first   time   that  Chinese 


are  seen  at  the  picket  lines?"  I  asked. 

"Yes,"  the  culinary  expert  replied, 
"this  is  the  first  time  that  I  can  remem- 
ber that  labor  has  given  recognition  to 
us  Chinese  in  a  major  strike." 

"How  long  ago  was  your  hotel  work- 
ers' union  formed?" 

"Only  four  months  ago." 

"Is  there  any  discrimination  against 
the  Chinese?" 

"No;  that  is,  not  yet.  All  nationalities 
can  join  the  union  at  present.  See  those 
Filipino  pickets?     They  can  join,  too." 

It  was  3  a.  m.  before  I  left  the  picket 
line  at  the  Francis  Drake  and  went  over 
to  the  St.  Francis,  the  hotel  "overlook- 
ing beautiful  Union  Square." 

After  due  courtesies  and  formalities 
with  the  Chinese  pickets  I  found  there, 
I  inquired  about  the  whys  and  where- 
fores of  the  strike.  I  was  told  of  the 
three  demands  set  forth  by  the  unions 
to  the  hotel  operators  and  wholeheartedly 
supported  by  the  Chinese  members.  They 
were:  (1)  A  40  hour  week;  (2)  arbi- 
tration for  higher  wages  by  the  Na- 
tional Labor  Relations  board  and  (3) 
recognition  of  the  union  for  preferential 
hiring. 

"Are  there  any  Chinese  'scabs'?"  I 
questioned    a    Chinese    elevator    boy. 

"Sure,"  he  shot  back;  "that  is  just  the 
trouble  with  our  countrymen.  If  we  all 
stand  together  and  refuse  to  be  'scabs' 
we  would  get  quicker  union  recognition 
for  the  Chinese  as  a  whole." 

"Do  you  let  these  'scabs'  get  by  the 
picket  lines?" 

"Only  over  our  dead  bodies,'  replied 
my  elevator  picket. 

A  little  later,  in  rapid  succession,  I 
"walked  the  blocks"  and  "chewed  the 
rag"  with  my  countrymen  pickets  at  the 
Fairmont,  Mark  Hopkins,  and  the  Pal- 
ace hotels.  When  coffee  and  sandwiches 
were  served  I  was  given  due  considera- 
tion as  a  gentleman  of  the  press. 

So  passed  an  interesting  night  as  an 
unofficial  picket,  my  first,  and  perhaps 
my  last.  And  just  when  dawn  was  be- 
ginning to  break  a  union  patrol  car  came 
along  and  I  was  given  a  lift  to  Union 
headquarters  at  12th  and  Market  on  the 
strength  of  my  CD  press  card.  There  I 
met  the  picket  captain  of  the  strike.  As 
usual,  I  asked  for  a  statement. 

"Convey  to  your  people  that  the  loy- 
alty of  the  Chinese  workers  is  most  beau- 
tiful. When  an  order  is  given,  we  can 
trust  them  to  carry  it  out." 

"And  may  I  have  your  name,  sir?" 
I  poised  my  pencil. 

"A.  C.  Armstrong." 

I  concealed  my  smile  as  I  wrote  that 
down.  "Armstrong."  Is  was  such  an 
appropriate  name  for  a  picket  captain. 


Poge  12 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


June,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINESE  IN  MISSISSIPPI 
TO  BUILD  OWN  SCHOOL 

Cleveland,  Miss. — The  dream  of  a  first 
school  for  the  children  of  the  1500  Chi- 
nese who  live  in  the  Delta  region  of  Mis- 
sissippi may  soon  be  realized  if  plans  now 
under  way  are  carried  to  completion. 

Under  the  leadership  of  the  Rev.  S. 
Y.  Lee,  preacher  at  the  Chinese  Bap- 
tist Mission  here,  and  a  group  of  Chi- 
nese merchants  in  the  Delta,  a  cam- 
paign for  funds  with  which  to  erect  a 
school  building  has  been  going  on  for 
several  months  now. 

A  tract  of  land  west  of  the  Delta 
State  Teachers  college  has  been  decided 
on  as  the  site  of  the  school.  It  is  hoped 
that  enough  funds  may  be  raised  for 
a  dormitory,  since  the  children  for  whom 
the  school  is  planned  are  scattered  hun- 
dreds of  miles  up  and  down  the  state. 
Many  Supporters 

Actively  aiding  the  Chinese  in  their 
efforts  are  members  of  the  faculty  at 
the  Delta  State  college,  including  Miss 
Laurie  Doolittle,  head  of  the  demonstra- 
tion school,  Dr.  Georgia  Lee  Tatum  of 
the  history  department  and  Dr.  Cary 
C.  Doobs,  head  of  the  Science  depart- 
ment. The  Rev.  Ira  D.  Eavenson,  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  church,  is  another  ac- 
tive supporter.  Rev.  Eavenson  was  for- 
merly a  missionary  in  China  and  two 
years  ago  organized  the  Cleveland  Chi- 
nese Baptist  mission. 

joe  Hing  Lett,  a  young  prominent 
store  owner  here,  succinctly  explained 
the  urgent  need  of  a  Chinese  school  in 
the  following  words:  "Mississippi  is  the 
only  state  in  the  Union  in  which  the 
law  is  so  worded  that  in  the  operation 
of  schools  Chinese  children  are  discrimi- 
nated against.  In  only  a  very  few  com- 
munities are  they  allowed  to  attend  the 
white  schools. 

"On  the  other  hand,  the  Chinese  have 
consistently  refused  to  send  their  chil- 
dren to  Negro  schools.  So  for  a  number 
of  years,  Chinese  children  in  the  delta 
have  been  without  any  educational  fa- 
cilities except  for  such  part-time  private 
tutoring  as  their  parents  might  be  able 
to  afford." 

How  Chinese  Came 

Exactly  when,  how  or  why  the  first 
Chinese  went  to  Mississippi  is  still  a 
mystery.  Even  the  Delta's  oldest  living 
Chinese,  surnamed  Wong,  age  92,  could 
shed  little  lighten  the  matter.  He  declared 
he  had  been  there  for  62  years  and  that 
when  he  came  there  were  already  a  couple 
of  his  countrymen  in  the  region. 

A  more  probable  explanation  is  the 
fact    that,    when   the    Southern    Pacific 


railroad  completed  its  tracks  from  the 
Pacific  coast  to  New  Orleans  on  May 
19,  1881,  with  the'  help  of  1200  Chi- 
nese laborers,  some  of  the  latter  re- 
mained at  that  junction.  Later  on  many 
of  these  may  have  found  work  on  boats 
plying  the  Mississippi  river.  Still  later 
some  of  them  may  have  found  a  better 
way  to  make  a  living  by  opening  small 
grocery  stores  along  the  Delta  for  the 
Negro  trade.  Years  after,  the  cousins 
and  kinsmen  of  these  pioneers  followed 
until  today  1500  Chinese  are  scattered 
\n  such  towns  as  Boyle,  Merigold,  Beu- 
lah,  Duncan,  Drew,  Shaw,  Alligator, 
Cleveland,  Vicksburg,  Greenville,  and  oth- 
er smaller  places  along  the  Mississippi. 
Chinese  Population 

Although  there  are  1500  Chinese  in 
the  state,  the  number  of  children  of 
these  people  is  only  150,  since  few  of 
the  men  have  families  with  them,  pre- 
ferring to  have  them  remain  in  China. 
The  entire  Chinese  population  in  the 
state  owns  300  stores  and  their  trade 
is  still  with  the  Negroes. 

In  Cleveland,  a  town  of  4000  peo- 
ple, there  are  nine  Chinese  stores  oper- 
ated by  32  men,  29  of  whom  bear  the 
family  name  of  Joe  (also  spelled  Jue, 
Chou,  or  Chow) . 

Only  three  of  the  Chinese  in  Cleve- 
land have  their  families  with  them.  One, 
Joe  Tong  Im,  is  the  only  Chinese  cotton 
planter  in  the  Delta.  He  owns  160 
acres  of  land,  runs  a  store  and  also  has 
interests  in  a  cotton  gin.  He  is  the 
father  of  two  children,  the  oldest,  a  boy 
named  Happy,  age  seven,  never  having 
been  to  a  public  school  because  of  the 
discrimination  against  Chinese  there.  As  a 
result,  he  has  had  only  part-time  tutoring. 

The  second  man  with  a  family  is  Joe 
M.  Sang.  He  is  a  gardener  and  ships 
a  great  amount  of  his  vegetable  products, 
such  as  Chinese  cabbage,  Chinese  mus- 
tard greens,  and  Chinese  beans,  to  Chi- 
cago. Joe  Sang  is  the  father  of  a  14- 
year-old  son  who  has  to  go  to  Memphis 
Tenn.,    for  his   American   education. 


Looking  Forward  to  School 
All  of  the  Chinese  in  the  Delta  and 
others  throughout  the  country  are  re- 
sponding to  the  campaign  for  the  school 
building  funds,  as  well  as  many  Ameri- 
can business  concerns  who  trade  with 
them.  The  leaders  who  are  going  up 
and  down  the  state  asking  for  contri- 
butions look  forward  to  the  day  when 
their  children  may  have  the  benefit  of 
both  an  American  and  a  Chinese  educa- 
tion in  a  school  built  through  their  own 
efforts.— W.  H. 


San  Francisco — The  Cathay  Post  and 
Auxiliary  of  the  American  Legion  re- 
cently played  host  and  hostess  to  Mrs. 
Oscar  W.  Hahn,  national  president  of 
the  Auxiliary,  when  she  was  here  on  a 
tour  of  the  state  departments.  As  na- 
tional president,  Mrs.  Hahn  is  the  head 
of  420,000  members  of  the  Auxiliary 
throughout  the  country. 

Mrs.  Wai  Dare,  Cathay  Auxiliary 
president,  and  Mrs.  Grace  Lee,  7th  dis- 
trict vice-chairman,  were  in  charge  of 
the  reception. 

CLASSIFIED 


INSURANCE 


Alfred    B.  Chong 

INSURANCE 

111    Sutter  St.  Sutter  2995 

UNFURNISHED    APARTMENT     FOR    RENT    726 

Stockton    St.,    Light     Gas    and    Woter    included. 

Single,  $7.00  mo.  Double  rooms  $14.00!  Triple, 
$21.00    Hours:   10:00  A    M.  to  12:30  P.  M. 

Out  of  Town  agencies  carrying  the  Chinese  Oigest 
BOWEN    SALES    CO. 

Fountain    Service 
300  Webster   St..   Oakland 
YEE    PHARMACY 

Drugs   and   Cosmetics 
1119— 7th    ^t.    Sncromento.   Calif. 
LEE    YUEN    COMPANY 

Newspapers,   Mogazines,   Cigars 
101    E.  Washington  St.,   Stockton.  Calif. 
PLAZA    SERVICE   STATION 

Gas   and   Oil 
426   N.   I  ns   Anaeles  St..    Los   Angeles.   Calif. 

Orders  for  subscriptions  and  advertisements  can 
be  left  at  the  above  aaencies. 


«7.4e  "<?0"  «*  PafoJa- 

Cocktails  in  Chinatown's  newest  lounge,  with  its  mystic 
surroundings  and  pagoda  front,  will  delight  you  and  your 
friends. 


*7Ae  Pacjoda 


830  Grant  Ave. 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


1*^8*    ";^W,!85™^°**^^P^^^^? 


June,  1937 


CHINESE      D  I  GEST 


Page  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


Miss   Li  Tei   Ming 


LI  TEI  MING  RETURNS 

Li  Tei  Ming,  noted  Chinese  song- 
stress, returned  to  San  Francisco  from 
a  successful  tour  in  Chicago  and  will  be 
here  for  a  month's  rest  before  resum- 
ing her  work,  when  she  will  go  on  the 
Gilmore  Hour.  In  Chicago,  Miss  Ming 
received  top  billing  with  Jimmy  Joy's 
orchestra  at  Hotel  Stevens,  said  to  be 
the  largest  hotel  in  the  Unied  States. 

First  nighters  and  critics  were  very 
enthusiastic  over  her  repertoire.  The 
Chicago  Herald  and  Examiner  com- 
mented as  follows:  "Li  Tei  Ming,  the 
Chinese  prima  donna,  surprises  and  de- 
lights us  not  only  with  her  perfect  com- 
mand of  the  English  language,  but  with 
the  quality  of  her  voice."  The  Bill- 
board, national  theatrical  magazine,  gave 
her  a  star's  rating  with  the  following 
observation:  "She  has  a  vibrant,  well 
modulated  voice  and  a  charming  per- 
sonality." While  in  Chicago  she  also 
sang  over  Stations  WENR  and  WGN 
on  coast  to  coast  programs. 

"How  did  you  find  the  Chinese  in 
Chicago?"   asked  this  reporter. 

"They  are  very  hospitable,  doing  all 
they  can  to  make  kindred  visitors  at 
home.  I  felt  very  privileged  in  being 
asked  to  sing  at  the  Community  New 
Year's  celebration." 

"With  whom  did  you  study  singing?" 

"In  Oregon  I  studied  under  Mmc. 
Minna  Pelz  and  at  Judge  Olson's  Con- 
servatory. More  recently  I  studied  with 
Mme.  N.  Bowman  of  San  Francisco,  and 
Mme.  Violet  Martens  of  Chicago." 

"How  did  you  happen  to  take  up 
singing  r 

"Ever  since  I  can  remember  I  wanted 


to  be  a  singer.  My  first  effort  was  as  a 
contest  winner  for  Portland's  Queen  ol 
the  May  when  I  was  nine   years  old.' 

At  twelve,  when  a  sophomore  in  hig! 
school  she  gave  a  solo  at  a  student  body 
rally.      That    "public    appearance"    re 
suited  in  her   being  featured  over  Sta 
tion  KGW  of  Portland.     She  was  thu 
one  of  the  first  Chinese  girls  to  sing  ovei 
the  air  regularly.     This  was  followed  a 
few   years    later   by   her   appearance    as 
star  in  "Kun  Yin,"  one  of  composer  A. 
Avashomoff's  only  two  personally  super- 
vised operatic  presentations  in  America. 

Li  Tei  Ming  made  herself  known  in 
California  three  years  ago  when  she  was 
chosen  as  one  of  the  first-prize  winners 
over  three  thousand  contestants  in  the 
Golden  Gate  Theater  Talent  contest. 
She  was  awarded  a  contract  with  the 
R.  K.  O.  circuit,  but  preferred  remain- 
ing in  San  Francisco  to  resume  her  voice 
study,  serving  as  an  executive  at  the 
Chinese  Trade  and  Travel  association  at 
the  same  time.  Then  in  rapid  strides 
she  sang  her  way  to  Chicago. — C.  L. 


CHINESE  AGAIN  HAVE 
OWN  BANK 

San  Francisco — This  city,  the  commer- 
cial center  for  the  Chinese  on  the  Paci- 
fic coast,  once  more  has  a  Chinese  bank 
since  the  Bank  of  Canton  recently  re- 
opened its  branch  here  May  15. 

This  bank  is  an  affiliate  of  the  recently 
re-organized  Bank  of  Canton,  Ltd.,  a 
British  chartered  institution  with  head- 
quarters in  Hongkong.  Chartered  under 
the  laws  of  California,  the  Bank  of 
Canton  here  has  a  capital  of  $500,000 
and  a  surplus  of  $125,000. 

The  step  to  reopen  this  institution  was 
initiated  months  ago  by  Friend  W.  Rich- 
ardson, State  Superintendent  of  Banks. 
As  a  result,  M.  Y.  Tang,  executive  di- 
rector of  the  Bank  of  Canton  Ltd.,  in 
Hongkong,  was  sent  here  with  full  power 
of  attorney  to  reorganize  the  branch. 

Until  its  reopening,  San  Francisco 
had  been  without  a  Chinese  bank  since 
September,  1935,  when  the  Bank  of 
Canton  in  Hongkong  suspended  opera- 
tions of  its  main  and  branch  offices  due 
to  declining  silver  prices.  The  head  of- 
fice was  reopened  during  the  latter  part 
of  last  year. 

The  bank  is  headed  by  K.  L.  Kwong, 
who  was  formerly  consul  general  for 
China  here.  The  seven  members  of  the 
board  of  directors  include  five  Califor- 
nians,  one  from  New  York,  and  one  of 
Hongkong.  They  are:  G.  B  Lau,  vice- 
president;  Andrew  Lowe,  vice-president, 
(Continued  on  page  18) 


The   Grace   Nicholson    Building 

THE  GRACE  NICHOLSON 
ART  GALLERIES 

Pasadena,  Calif. — There  are  many  pri- 
vate collections  of  Chinese  art  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  One  of  these  is  the  Grace 
Nicholson  collection,  housed  in  a  green- 
tiled,  steel-reinforced  concrete  building 
of  Chinese  design  and  located  in  the 
,  commercial  center  of  this  city. 

The  Grace  Nicholson  art  galleries  is 
a  building  100  feet  wide  and  170  feet 
deep.  The  archway  entrance  is  flanked 
by  two  marble  dogs  (Ming  Dynasty) 
and  leads  straight  into  a  Chinese  garden 
beautifully  designed  with  pools,  rocker- 
ies, Oriental  shrubs  and  flowers,  modeled 
closely  from  examples  of  typical  Chinese 
gardens. 

Six  galleries  are  located  at  the  rear 
of  the  garden,  hung  with  mouse-colored 
velours  and  padre  cloth.  The  galleries 
devoted  to  Chinese  art  objects  contain 
fine  examples  of  jades,  kossu,  velvets, 
scrolls,  porcelains,  enamels,  snuff  bot- 
tles, ivories,  clay  figures  and  sculptures, 
from  the  Wei,  Tang,  Sung,  Ming,  and 
Ching  dynasties  as  well  as  modern  pieces. 
Galleries  are  also  provided  for  numerous 
examples  of  Indian  artifacts,  Mexican 
and  Spanish  pieces. 

There  is  also  a  Treasure  House  of 
Oriental  Art  with  an  art  shop  and  as- 
sembly room.  The  art  shop  contains  a 
comprehensive  collection  of  teakwood 
and  lacquered  carvings,  with  hundreds 
of  pieces  of  exquisite  panels,  figures, 
mouldings,  screens,  lanterns,  bronzes,  and 
tiles.  The  Treasure  House  has  many 
fine  Tang  and  Ching  dynasty  pieces,  in- 
cluding a  Ch'ien  Lung  revolving  vase, 
powder  blue  with  gold  decorations. 
Rhinocero  horn  cups,  fabrics,  bead  works, 
silver  and  enamels  ivories  and  jades 
abound  here. 

Daily  the  art  galleries  are  open  to 
the  public  from  10  in  the  morning  to 
5  o'clock.  An  average  of  2000  visitors 
pass  through  them  each  month. 

Miss  Nicholson,  a  native  of  Philadel- 
phia, born  in  1877,  was  earlier  in  her 
life  a  collector  of  Indian  art  objects,  and 
more  than  20,000  specimens  of  her  col- 
(Continued  on   page  18) 


^MM 


Page  14 


CHINESE     Dl GEST 


June,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWNIAN 

Roaml  Al&uttd 


Ahh  me,  'tis  June,  the  month  of  roses 
and  brides — and  without  further  ado  the 
summer  breezes  waft  us  news  from  afar 
as  our  New  York  keyholer  reports  that 
Viola  Low,  formerly  of  Los  Angeles, 
will  make  the  trek  to  the  altar  on  May 
26th  to  become  the  blushing  bride  of 
Donald  Yuen.  .  .  .  Also  that  Bill  Chan 
has  added  the  role  of  floorwalker  to  his 
multiple  accomplishments  as  a  basket- 
bailer  and  baton-wielder.  .  .  .  Yes  sir!_ 
Bill's  the  proud  daddy  of  a  junior  now! 
Mrs.  Chan  was  the  former  Helen  Lee 
of  Chicago.  .  .  .Congrats  to  all  of  yez 
from  all  of  us'n.  .  .  .  Roof-garden 
dances  seem  to  be  the  fad  in  little  ol 
N'Yawk  as  witness  the  Chinese  Com- 
munity Council's  plans  for  a  shindig  atop 
the  International  institute  on  June  3. 
Funds  raised  will  go  toward  a  field  day 
and  the  boys'  camps,  a  project  that  the 
Council  maintains.  Active  participants 
will  be  the  C.  A.  C,  and  clubs  Jeune 
Doc  and  Ging  Hawk.  .  .  Add  rumors 
that  the  Jeune  Docs  are  on  the  lookout 
for  a  spot  high,  beautiful,  and  spacious 
enough  (roof -garden  again!)  for  a  semi- 
formal  dance  and  frolic  probably  to  be 
held  late  in  June. 

Two  enterprising  young  Fresnans, 
James  Huie  and  Allen  Lew  (the  latter 
our  very  own  CD  correspondent) ,  have 
opened  the  Twin  Dragon  creamery.  .  .  . 
We've  always  been  led  to  understand  the 
ancient  dragon  spits  fire  but  now  it's 
being  put  to  new  usage  .  .  .  the  1937 
model  concocts  ice  cream  products!  Our 
very  best  and  long  may  you  churn!  .  .  . 
The  recent  Raisin  Day  festivities  down 
yonder  way  attracted  a  large  aggrega- 
tion of  out  of  town  visitors,  among  which 
were  Frank  Dun  and  sisters,  Dave  Lee, 
Worley  Wong,  Frank  Choy,  George 
Bowen,  Al  Bowen  and  the  missus  to 
represent  the  East  Bay.  The  same  after- 
noon, the  Wah  Sung  club  of  Oakland 
shellacked  the  Fresno  Colored  Athletic 
club  by  the  score  of  9-0.  .  .  .  Fay  Wah 
club  held  its  annual  dance  that  night 
and  attracted  swingsters  from  various 
parts  of  the  state. 

It  is  reported  that  our  Watsonville 
representative,  Alice  Shew,  and  Thomas 
Lee  are  secretly  engaged  with  wedding 
bells  in  the  offing.  .  .  .  Another  mar- 
riage-minded couple  are  molar  extractor 
Dan  Yuke  of  Sac'to,  and  Gertrude  Dun 
of  Oakland  ...  a  June  merger  is  sched- 
uled. 

We  hear  once  again  that  the  Chinese 
playground  will  be  illuminated  for  night- 


time recreation.  Funds  are  said  to  be 
forthcoming  from  the  WPA  .  .  .  nothing 
definite,  though.  .  .  .  With  the  advent 
of  two  new  cocktail  bars,  Chinatown  has 
definitely  gone  anti-W.  C.  T.  U.,  (if 
you  get  what  we  mean),  thus  making  a 
grand  total  of  five  within  a  period  of  six 
months.  .  .  .  And  how  many  of  you  knew 
that  we  were  honored  recently  by  the 
presence  of  Mrs.  F.  D.  R.,  the  First  Lady 
of  the  land?  She  slipped  quietly  into 
Chinatown  to  make  a  few  purchases  be- 
fore continuing  on  her  way  to  Seattle. 
.  .  .  And,  speaking  of  Seattle  brings  to 
mind  that  Henry  Luke,  Jack  Wong, 
Albert  Wong,  and  Edwin  Luke  are  the 
Chinese  members  of  the  University  of 
Washington's  June  graduating  class.  .  .  . 
Anyhow,  if  they're  not,  they  should  be! 

Add  important  personages  .  .  .  C.  T. 
Wang,  the  new  Chinese  Ambassador  to 
the  United  States,  passed  through  San 
Francisco  preparatory  to  takins?  up  his 
post  at  Washington,  D.  C.  .  .  .  The  St. 
Mary's  Chinese  Social  center  is  giving 
a  benefit  show  on  June  12  in  order  to 
provide  a  summer  recreational  program 
whereby  children  may  enjoy  and  derive 
benefits  from  classes  such  as  handcraft, 
cooking,  dramatics,  swimming,  hiking, 
athletic  and  social  activities. 

More  news  from  the  southland  .  .  . 
in  the  fillum  "The  Singing  Marine," 
which  stars  Dick  Powell,  appear  Frank 
Young  and  his  syncopators.  Incidentally, 
the  orchestra  is  now  branded  "Frank 
Young  and  His  Majestic  Mandarins." 
The  Mandarins'  latest  appearance  was 
at  the  Fresno  Raisin  Day  dance.  .  .  .  The 
Orient  is  the  locale  for  the  greater  part 
of  M.  G.  M.'s  new  production  "U.  S. 
Smith,"  which  is  the  talkie  version  of 
"Tell  It  to  the  Marines."  Robert  Tay- 
lor, Jean  Harlow,  and  Spencer  Tracy 
have  the  leads.  .  .  .  Oh,  momma,  that 
man's  here  again!  We  mean  no  other 
than  William  Law,  who  plays  the  part 
of  the  Shanghai  chief  of  police  in  "Think 
Fast,  Mr.  Moto,"  a  mystery  thriller  star- 
ring Peter  Lorre.  .  .  .  Producers  of  "The 


Girl  of  the  Golden  West"  are  scouting 
around  for  Chinese  characters.  Would 
that  we  could  emote! 

The  Chinese  Sportsmen  are  formally 
installing  their  new  clubrooms  on  June 
5.  .  .  .  And  who  but  Stanley  Moy,  a 
Stanford  alumnus,  breezed  into  town 
recently  from  Portland!  He  promptly 
celebrated  by  investing  in  a  new  gilloppi 
.  .  .  don't  rush,  gals!!  .  .  .  And  'way  up 
thar  in  Chico,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  M.  Lee 
were  hosts  at  a  dinner  honoring  the 
younger  group  which  participated  in  the 
Chico  State  Pioneer  celebration.  .  .  . 

More  news  from  the  southland.  .  .  . 
Elsie  Lee,  popular  member  of  the  Los 
Angeles  Tennis  and  Mei  Wah  clubs  left 
on  the  S.  S.  Hoover  on  May  25  to  at- 
tend Lingman  university  .  .  .  CD  will 
miss  your  reporting,  Elsie.  .  .  .  The  Cos- 
mopolitan club  on  the  Trojan  campus 
finds  Eugene  Choy  running  for  prexy. 
.  .  .  And  what's  this?  Another  couple 
succumbing  to  spring  fever  and  Reno, 
an  unbeatable  combination!  Congrats  to 
newly  weds  John  Chan  and  Mary  Hing. 
...  At  the  annual  Fiesta  de  Mayo  on 
the  L.  A.  J.  C.  campus,  the  Cathay  Cul- 
tural club's  booth  won  laurels  for  being 
the  most  attractive.  Outstanding  were 
Chinese  art  objects  and  literature  on 
modern  China.  The  success  of  the  booth 
was  determined  by  members  Quon 
Louie,  Willa  Kim,  Lo  Han  Lee,  Rich- 
ard Yee,  and  Alice  Lee.  ...  A  week 
end  at  Du  Brock's  Mountain  resort  was 
the  inducement  of  the  Chinese  Students' 
association  of  Southern  California  to 
bring  about  an  assembly  of  both  Ameri- 
can-born Chinese  and  students  from 
China.  Guests  of  honor  were  Consul 
and  Mrs.  Tsech'ang  K.  Chang  and  Con- 
sul C.  C.  Huang.  .  .  .  The  Interna- 
tional institute  sponsored  the  fourth  of 
a  series  of  Chinese  Cultural  evenings  on 
May  19.  The  speaker  for  the  evening 
was  Mr.  Guy  Chong  Hing  Ho,  who  dis- 
cussed current  problems  of  China.  Mr. 
Ho  received  his  B.  S.  degree  from  Nan- 
(Continued  on   page   18) 


BAKERSFIELD  INVITES  YOU: 

The  Bakersfield  Mei  Lan  Club  (formerly  the  G.  S.  O  announce 
their  Fifth  Annual  Dance  to  be  held  on  June  19,  1937,  at  the  exclusive 
Stockdale  Country  Club.   Music  will  be  furnished  by  Everett  Jones  and 

his  famous  radio  orchestra. 

The  dance  will  be  invitational.  All  visitors  are  assured  of  a  cor- 
dial welcome. 

The  Mei  Lan  Club 

"Where  Hospitality  Reigns" 


m 


June,  1937 


CHINESE     Dl GEST 


Page  15 


CHINATOWNIA 


Thousands  of  out  of  town  visitors  are 
pouring  into  S.  F.  and  into  Chinatown, 
as  this  is  written,  for  the  Golden  Gate 
Bridge  fiesta.  Foon  Ying!  In  other 
words,  welcome! 

Hats  off  to  Lee  Gim  of  Colusa!  He's 
the  man  back  of  the  mushroom  growth 
of  a  series  of  modern  and  successful 
American  grocery  stores  in  central  Cali- 
fornia. His  company  has  large  stores 
in  Santa  Rosa,  Napa,  Woodland,  Stock- 
ton, Marysville  and  Colusa,  all  doing 
good  business  daily.  .  .  .  20-year-old 
Emma  Wong  of  Vallejo  won  the  Chi- 
tena  popularity  contest  by  a  big  mar- 
gin. Trailing  her  were  Rubye  Foo, 
closely  tagged  by  Janie  Koe  of  Port- 
land. ...  A  promising  tennis  player  is 
Joe  Wah  Jr.  of  Marysville,  being  ranked 
top  in  a  recent  school  tournament.  .  .  . 
Virginia  Wah,  a  pretty  left-hander,  has 
quite  a  slashing  forehand  of  her  own, 
too.  .  .  .  Seen  on  the  nite  tennis  court  of 
Marysville  were  Henry  Yee,  Bertha 
Wah,  Bob  Wong,  George  Lee.  .  .  If 
you  can  stand  it,  you  can  play  all  nite 
on  that  court.  .  .  .  Ardent  tennis  fan  is 
Dr.  Walt  Yee  of  Sac'to,  who  was  seen 
on  the  courts  there,  at  S.  F.,  and  at 
Marysville,  all  within  three  days  time. 
.  .  .  Ruby  Kim  Tape  has  been  selected 
for  jury  service  in  Yuba  County,  the 
first  Chinese  woman  to  serve  in  this 
capacity,  I  believe.  .  .  .  Amy  Chung  of 
Grass  Valley  dropped  in  for  a  few  mo- 
ments on  her  Marysville  friends.  .  .  .  Al 
Hing  of  Sac'to  was  one  of  the  fastest 
Chinese  sprinters  a  decade  ago,  his  time 
for  the  100  yard  dash  being  10  flat. 
Raced  against  Paddock  once  and  was 
only  barely  beaten.  .  .  .  Stockton  has 
its  Wolves  club  but  Marysville  has  its 
Rat  club.  Members  are  Art  Yee,  Con- 
rad and  Billie  Won.  .  .  .  Seven-year-old 
Bertha  Leong  was  bumped  on  the  street 
by  a  motorist  the  other  day  in  front  of 
Joe  Moke's  store  on  Grant  Avenue. 
Moke  was  the  good  Samaritan  and  took 
the  girl  to  the  hospital  for  an  examina- 
tion, which  revealed  she  was  only 
slightly  bruised.  A  kind  deed,  sir!  .  .  . 
On  Sunday,  May  30,  the  L.  A.  netsters 
will  play  Chitena  in  S.  F.  ...  I  cer- 
tainly enjoyed  the  Square  and  Circle's 
benefit  show.  The  money  will  go  for  a 
good  cause.  .  .  .  Did  you  ever  see  so 
many  happy  faces  as  at  the  Commerce 
Bulldog  dance  at  the  Trianon  the  other 
nite? 


Three  of  the  four  aged  Chinese  who  were  repatriated  back  to  their  home- 
land recently  through  government  funds.  Left  to  right  are  Toy  Yew,  Jew  Yick  and  Loo 
Lung  Nuey.    The  fourth  one,  Chan  Wah  Lut,  is  not  in  the  picture. 


CHINESE  REPATRIATED 
THROUGH  STATE  FUNDS 

San  Francisco — For  the  first  time  in 
California's  history,  a  group  of  four  aged 
indigent  Chinese  men  were  recently  re- 
turned to  their  homes  in  Canton,  China, 
through  specially  appropriated  state  re- 
lief funds.     These  men  had  been  with- 


out steady  employment  for  more  than 
three  years  and  at  the  time  of  their  re- 
patriation were  receiving  relief  from  the 
State   Relief  administration. 

The  home  districts  of  two  of  the  men 

were  Toyshan,  while  the  third  came  from 

Sun    Wui,    and    the    fourth    Hoy-ping. 

Thus  they  were  all  Sze  Yap  people,  the 

(Continued  on   page   16) 


All  makes  of  Golf  Clubs  and  Balls  and 
Repairing 

MOE    LEVITT 
Outdoor  Golf   Practice  Course 
Private  Lessons  by  Appointment 

19th  &  Paloma  Ave.      Montrose  9794 


From  the  ruler  down  to  the  mass  of  the 
people,  all  must  consider  the  cultivation 
of  the  person  the  root  of  everything. 


Serve 

BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at    your   next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW  CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

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Poge  16 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


June,  1937 


HUMOR     AND     SATIRE 


A  CHINESE 
COLLEGE  WOMAN 

Editor:  The  Chinese  Digest 
Sir: 

In  the  space  of  a  few  paragraphs,  I 
wish  to  refute  a  few  statements  as  ex- 
pressed by  Jane  Kwong  Lee  in  her  arti- 
cle, "A  Chinese  College  Woman,"  which 
was  published  in  your  May  issue.  Since 
I  feel  it  is  impossible  to  deal  with  the 
lady's  utterances  in  detail  without  a  bar- 
rage of  arguments,  I  shall  confine  myself 
to  just  a  few  observations. 

The  average  Chinese  high  school  grad- 
uate enters  college  with  the  sole  purpose 
of  whiling  away  four  years  (or  less  as 
the  case  may  be)  until  the  prospects  of 
marriage  grow  more  imminent.  In  a 
round-about  way  her  ideals  are  directed 
toward  this  end  although  they  are  fan- 
cifully disguised  under  the  headings  of 
higher  learning,  culture,  and  academic 
supremacy,  whereas,  in  reality,  the  var- 


ious campuses  provide  nothing  more  than 
atmosphere  and  background  for  "boy 
meeting  girl."  Books  mean  little  or  noth- 
ing to  her.  They  are  simply  a  means  by 
which  one  crams  to  pass  an  examination, 
whether  it  be  midyear  or  final. 

There  is  no  idealism  or  spirituality 
about  the  aims  of  the  Chinese  college 
woman  today;  she  believes  entirely  in  the 
material.  She  is  tainted  with  a  superior- 
ity complex  and  labors  under  the  delu- 
sion that  a  bachelor's  degree  will  enable 
her  to  get  a  position  more  quickly  and 
with  higher  pay  than  that  of  the  afore- 
said average  high  school  graduate,  who, 
in  the  majority  of  cases,  steps  into  such 
"mediocre"  jobs  as  file-clerking,  waiting 
on  tables,  or  working  in  chain  stores. 

With  the  establishment  of  more  jun- 
ior colleges  easy  entries  are  provided 
those  who  fail  in  their  university  entrance 
requirements.  They  spend  their  appren- 
ticeship  in   the   deplored  and   generally 


conceded  lower  levels  of  learning  and 
then  go.  on  to  the  institutions  of  higher 
learning  to  which  they  could  not  enter 
two  years  before.  Hence,  how  can  it  be 
said  that  the  college  woman  of  today  is 
of  the  select  class  when  junior  colleges 
are  no  more  than  a  means  to  an  end  and 
universities  are  no  more  than  diploma 
mills?  With  a  minimum  of  industry 
almost  anyone  can  obtain  a  degree.  If, 
after  four  years,  she  fails  to  land  a  man 
then  she  dedicates  herself  to  higher  learn- 
ing, social  reform,  and  an  aptitude  for 
expressing  vulgarities  in  a  refined  man- 
ner. 

Taking  up  a  conglomerate  array  of 
subjects  the  average  Chinese  college  wo- 
men can  excel  in  no  one  of  them.  Were 
this  not  so  then  why  is  it  that  so  many, 
upon  completing  a  four-year  curriculum, 
find  themselves  entering  business  colleges 
to  train  up  on  the  essentials  of  typing, 
bookkeeping,  shorthand,  etc.? 

A  Chinese  College  Woman. 


Chinese  Repatriated 

(Continued  from  page  15) 
original  home  of  the  greater  portion  of 
Chinese  in  America  today.    Toyshan  was 
formerly  known  as  the  Sun-ning  district 
until  recent  years. 

Pioneer  Generation 

The  four  men  recently  returned  to 
China  through  their  own  voluntary  con- 
sent represented  the  small  group  of  sur- 
viving members  of  the  first  generation 
Chinese  in  this  country.  Two  of  them 
had  come  in  the  eighties,  the  others  dur- 
ing the  nineties.  All  of  them  had  left 
their  homes  for  America  in  their  twen- 
ties, seeking  their  share  of  the  gold  they 
had  heard  from  others  in  their  villages 
could  be  easily  earned  in  the  new  world. 
They  all  came  of  farming  stock,  sim- 
ple, sturdy  hard-working  men,  only  too 
willing   to  labor   for  their   hire. 

These  men  came  as  registered  labor- 
ers. Toy  Yew,  the  oldest  of  the  group, 
landed  in  San  Francisco  in  1881.  Prior 
to  his  last  return  to  China  he  made  only 
three  trips  home  to  see  his  family,  each 
trip  taking  but  a  year.  He  had,  there- 
fore spent  more  than  half  a  century  in 
this  country.  According  to  his  own 
statement,  he  had  never  been  otuside  of 
the  state  of  California.  He  worked  most 
of  his  youthful  years  in  Chinese  laundries 
as  a  washer  until  his  eyes  became  bad 
from  the  constant  assault  of  soap  fumes. 
Before  1930  he  was  able  to  secure  steady 
employment,  but  after  that  date  work 
became  scarce  for  him,  due  both  to  the 
depression  and  his  advancing  age.  Since 
1933  he  has  been  no  longer  able  to  find 


any  more  work  anywhere. 

Chan  Wah-lut  also  came  to  the  U.  S. 
in  1881,  and  subsequently  made  only  two 
trips  back  home.  For  some  40  years  he 
labored  in  the  agricultural  regions  of 
California  wherever  Chinese  workers 
were  needed.  As  agricultural  work  lasted 
only  several  months  a  year  Chan  sup- 
plemented his  earnings  in  the  city  by  do- 
ing all  sorts  of  odd  jobs.  In  1930  age 
incapacitated  him  for  further  strenuous 
work.  His  last  employment  was  on  gov- 
ernment work  relief  projects  under  the 
CWA,  SERA,  and  WPA. 

Loo  Lung-nuey  left  his  village  home 
in  Hoy-ping  district  and  landed  in  Amer- 
ica in  1890,  when  his  countrymen  by  the 
hundreds  were  still  coming  into  San 
Francisco  by  every  boat.  For  three  de- 
cades he  made  several  hundred  dollars 
each  summer  by  going  to  Alaska  and 
working  in  the  salmon  canneries  there. 
At  that  time  Chinese  laborers  monopo- 
lized this  great  Pacific  coast  industry  and 
several  Chinese  companies  in  San  Fran- 
cisco amassed  fortunes  hiring  and  ship- 
ping Chinese  crews  to  Alaska. 

At  one  time  Loo  operated  vegetable 
farms  in  California  in  partnership  with 
kinsmen,  but  none  of  them  prospered. 
In  1932  he  became  one  of  several  hun- 
dreds of  unemployed  aged  Chinese. 
When  the  SERA  (State  Emergency  Re- 
lief Administration)  was  set  up  here,  he 
was  one  of  the  very  first  Chinese  to  ap- 
ply for  relief  work. 

Jew  Yick's  life  in  this  country  paral- 
leled Loo  Lung-nuey's.  He  came  to  the 
U.    S.    in    1892    and   subsequently    also 


spent  some  30  years  working  several 
months  annually  in  the  Alaskan  fish  can- 
neries. In  1932  his  age  disqualified  him 
for  any  more  work  of  this  nature,  and 
before  the  coming  of  the  SERA  in  1934 
he  had  subsisted  by  helping  in  a  joss 
house  in  return  for  his  meals.  In  his 
later  years  he  was  afflicted  with  Parkin- 
son's syndrome,  which  is  paralysis  of  the 
hands  characterized  by  shaking  of  the 
muscles. 

Glad  To  Go  Home 

All  four  men  had  wives,  children,  and 
grandchildren  in  China,  and  were  glad 
to  be  sent  back  to  their  families  to  spend 
their  remaining  years.  They  had  first 
come  to  San  Francisco  when  the  city 
was  in  the  early  stages  of  growing  pains 
and  their  own  people  were  receiving 
none  too  good  treatment  from  the  white 
labor  elements,  but  when  they  left  re- 
cently they  could  see  from  their  ship  the 
two  giant  bridges  across  the  Golden  Gate 
which  stood  as  symbols  of  the  citv's 
coming  of  age.  As  for  their  people  who 
remain  here,  they  had  lived  to  see  them 
accepted  wholeheartedly  as  part  and  par- 
cel of  the  motley  population  which  makes 
up  San  Francisco. — W.  H. 


Rivers  and  hills  may  be  easily  altered; 
man's  natural  disposition  is  difficult  to 
change 


To  learn  what  is  good,  a  thousand  days 
are  not  sufficient;  to  learn  what  is  evil,  an 
hour  is  too  long. 


1**"^ 


June,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  17 


SPORTS 


WA  SUNG  OPENS  12th 
BASEBALL  SEASON 

By  Hector  Eng 

Oakland,  Calif. — Embarking  on  its 
twelfth  season  in  baseball,  the  Wa  Sung 
campaign  is  already  in  full  swing.  The 
Oaklanders  have  severed  connections 
with  the  Berkeley  International  league 
and  rejoined  the  Northern  California 
Baseball  Managers'  association.  The 
players  believe  that  encountering  the 
same  faces  game  after  game  fosters  over- 
friendliness  between  the  clubs  and  takes 
away  the  "fight"  incentive. 

Booking  weekly  tilts  under  the  As- 
sociation, Wa  Sung  will  vie  with  all  the 
leading  semi-pro  aggregations  in  the  East- 
bay  and  in  Northern  California.  Against 
these  formidable  foes,  the  Oaklanders 
have  mustered  an  imposing  line-up,  forti- 
fied at  every  position  by  a  returning  vet- 
eran and  bolstered  in  the  reserve  ranks 
by  the  addition  of  several  promising  re- 
cruits. For  the  first  time  in  years  Coach 
Al  Bowen  and  Captain  Key  Chinn  will 
have  ample  material  to  build  from. 

AI  Bowen,  Joe  Lee  (now  playing  his 
fourth  year  on  the  S.  F.  State  varsity) , 
Hugh  Fung  and  Eddie  Hing,  will  bear 
the  brunt  of  the  mound  work.  Al  Bowen 
has  regained  his  fast  ball  and  will  top 
many  victories  this  year,  while  on  the 
receiving  end  is  Hector  Eng.  Bill  Fung 
is  a  180-pound  strapping  newcomer  who 
only  needs  experience  to  become  a  top- 
notch  catcher. 

A  bulwark  of  the  inner  defense  is  the 
fleet  shortstop,  Key  Chinn,  who  has 
charge  of  the  team  on  the  field.  Cover- 
ing the  second  hassock  is  diminutive 
Sung  Wong,  while  George  Bowen,  the 
clean-up  batter,  is  on  third.  Joe  Lee 
and  Al  Bowen  alternate  on  first  base 
when  the  other  is  twirling.  A  San  Fran- 
cisco all-star  soft-baller,  George  Chinn, 
is  being  groomed  for  a  berth  in  the  in- 
field, as  is  also  Walter  Dang,  who  was 
captain  of  his  school  team  in  China. 
Kenneth  Lee,  saxophonist  and  scholar, 
has  evinced  a  desire  to  play  the  great 
American  pastime.  He  has  had  exper- 
ience on  the  Hawaiian  All-Stars  of  a  few 
years  back. 

The  Wa  Sung  heavy  hitters  patrol  the 
outfield.  In  Allie  Wong,  center  fielder, 
is  one  of  the  greatest  ball  players,  both 
American  and  Chinese,  in  the  bush 
leagues  today.  He  has  been  approached 
by  Pacific  Coast  league  and  minor  league 
scouts  to  play  ball  for  a  livelihood  and 
is  destined  to  eclipse  George  "Blackie" 
Chan  as  the  greatest  Chinese  player  to 
don  a  uniform.  Potentially  the  longest 
clouter  on  the  club,  Frank  "Oscar"  Dun 
has   a   ground-annihilating   lope   and   a 


deadly  arm  in  left  field.  Massive  Tom 
Hing,  a  carbon  copy  of  Babe  Ruth  ex- 
cept in  hitting,  guards  right  field,  close- 
ly pressed  by  muscular  Bob  Chow,  who  is 
playing  capable  ball  this  season.  To  uti- 
lize his  height,  Eli  Eng  is  being  converted 
from  an  outfielder  into  a  first  baseman. 

Wa  Sung  plans  to  engage  in  many 
out-of-town  games  this  summer,  and  has 
already  played  in  Fresno  on  May  15th. 
Buck  Lai,  manager  of  the  touring  Ha- 
waiian All-Stars,  has  been  attending 
games  in  Oakland.  A  clash  with  them 
is  in  the  offing  when  the  team  comes 
over  to  the  mainland.  Lai  wishes  to  en- 
list some  of  the  Wa  Sung  members  to 
compete  for  his  outfit.  This  group  will 
travel  across  the  continent,  playing  all 
the  better  teams  enroute.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  he  expects  to  play  in  all  of  the  major 
league  stadiums  in  the  East. 

SECOND  ANNUAL  HIP  WO 
INTERCLASS  TRACK  MEET 

San  Francisco — Attended  by  some  200 
students,  the  second  annual  interclass 
track  and  field  meet  of  the  Hip  Wo 
Chinese  school  was  recently  held  at  the 
Golden  Gate  old  stadium.  A  commit- 
tee of  officials  selected  from  the  school, 
the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and  the  Chi- 
nese Methodist  center,  headed  by  the 
Rev.  David  K.  Lee,  witnessed  six  record- 
breaking  performances  at  this  meet. 

First  place  winners  of  the  meet  are  as 
follows: 

Class  "A"  (Boys) — George  Dong,  Mar- 
shall Lew,  Ed  Loke,  Bertram  Chan, 
William  Lee. 
Class    "A"    (Girls)— Mabel    Chin,   Ida 

Lum. 
Class   "B"    (Boys)— Ding  Yee,  Samuel 
Chin,    Fay    Lee,    William    Lee,    Ed 
Chong,  Robert  Young,  Harry  Wong, 
Lincoln  Mark. 
Class     "B"      (Girls)— Frances     Wong, 

Mary  Tong. 
Class  "C"  (Boys)— Harry  Hong,  George 

Chew,  William  Chan. 
Class    "C"    (Girls)— Ella    Mark,    Alice 
Hong,  Rose  Pon. 

CHINESE  TRACK  STARS  SCORE 

San  Francisco. — The  Chinese  Play- 
ground stars  ran  off  with  top  honors 
at  the  16th  annual  track  meet  held  un- 
der the  auspices  of  the  city's  Recrea- 
tional commission  recently  in  Kezar  stad- 
ium. 

With  over  25  city  playgrounds  entered 
in  the  meet,  the  Chinese  participants 
were  able  to  score  82  V2  points  and  were 
at  least  30  points  ahead  of  their  nearest 
rivals. 

In  relays  the  Chinese  and  Hayward 


SPORTS  PERSONALITIES 

Joe  Lee  has  earned  the  title  of  the 
"Chinese  Jimmy  Reese"  among  local 
baseball  circles  because  of  his  exceptional 
ability  both  at  the  plate  and  on  the  field. 
He  is  playing  his  fourth  year  on  the 
S.  F.  State  College  varsity  team,  and  is 
also  the  first  baseman  for  the  Oakland 
Wa  Sung  nines.  He  has  a  fielding  aver- 
age of  .990  and  a  batting  mark  of  .303. 

Mild  looking,  bespectacled,  Joe  Lee  is 
the  son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lee  You  of  Oak- 
land. He  graduated  from  McClymonds 
high  school  there  in  1932.  While  in  high 
school  he  played  baseball  and  basketball 
for  two  years.  He  was  president  of  the 
sophomore  class,  member  of  the  rally 
committee  in  his  junior  year,  and  athletic 
committee  member  in  his  senior  term. 

Joe  weighs  only  140  pounds,  but  is 
exceptionally  fast.  Besides  playing  base- 
ball at  S.  F.  State,  he  has  also  been  one 
of  the  outstanding  players  on  its  light- 
weight basketball  team  for  four  years. 
He  is  sergeant-of-arms  in  the  Block  "S" 
society,  was  treasurer  of  the  Associated 
Men's  students,  and  representative  of  his 
class  in  the  Men's  association. 

Joe  is  working  for  an  Elementary- 
Junior  high  teaching  credential,  and  will 
graduate  this  summer.  He  is  especially 
interested  in  physical  education  and  psy- 
chology. 

o 

Portland,  Ore. — Albert  and  Frank 
Ding,  Portland-born  Chinese  and  grad- 
uates of  Oregon  State  College,  are  serv- 
ing with  the  U.  S.  Engineers  as  elec- 
trical engineers  on  the  Bonneville  Power 
Construction  project.  This  project  is 
building  the  Bonneville  dam  and  is  fi- 
nanced by  federal  funds  to  the  amount 
of  #50,000,000.  The  dam,  when  com- 
pleted, will  tame  the  second  mightiest 
river  in  the  country.  .  .  .  E.  L. 


San  Francisco — When  the  China  Clip- 
per inaugurated  the  first  U.  S.  to  China 
air  mail  service  here  recently,  on  board 
were  six  peach  trees  sent  by  Luise  Rai- 
ner,  famed  star  of  "Good  Earth,"  to 
Mme.  Chiang  Kai-shek. 


Harmony  should  be  the  policy  of  the 
family;  diligence  that  of  the  individual. 


Learning  which  does  not  daily  advance 
will  daily  decrease. 

playgrounds  tied  29  points  each. 

Silver  and  bronze  medals  will  be 
awarded  first  and  second  place  winners, 
while  ribbons  will  be  given  third  and 
fourth  place   winners. 


Page  18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


June,  1937 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


Chinese  to  Have  Bank 

(Continued  from  page  13) 
National  Dollar  stores;  N.  Schmulowtz, 
attorney;  Joe  Shoong,  president,  Na- 
tional Dollar  stores;  Peter  S.  Sommer, 
attorney;  M.  Y.  Tang,  executive  direc- 
tor, Bank  of  Canton,  Ltd.,  Hongkong; 
C.  H.  Wang,  manager,  Bank  of  China, 
New  York. 


The   Grace    Nicholson   Art   Gallery 

(Continued  from  page  1"}) 
lections  are  now  in  numerous  museums 
throughout  the  east  and  Canada.  Her 
introduction  to  Chinese  art  came  about 
through  Morgan  Shephard,  partner  of 
Paul  Elder  of  San  Francisco,  when  he  sent 
his  private  collection  of  Chinese  art  ob- 
jects to  her  for  disposal.  Her  interest  thus 
stirred,  she  commenced  to  study  this  sub- 
ject in  earnest.  She  built  up  a  reference 
library  on  Chinese  ceramics  and  later 
familiarized  herself  with  the  finest  exam- 
ples of  Chinese  art  in  eastern  museums 
and  private  collections.  In  1929,  after 
she  had  built  the  Grace  Nicholson  build- 
ing, she  made  a  trip  to  China.  Today 
her  art  galleries  are  the  mecca  for  thou- 
sands of  tourists  to  Pasadena  and  for 
expert  buyers  and  collectors  of  Chinese 
art  throughout  the  west  coast. 


The  Chinatownian  Roams  Around 

(Continued  from  page  14) 
king  university  in  1935  and  at  present 
is  enrolled  in  the  University  of  Southern 
California's  College  of  Dentistry. 

From  the  City  of  Angels  (!)  we  fly 
up  to  Portland  where  Wilson  Leong 
emceed  at  the  formal  banquet  of  Tau 
Delta  Sigma  at  Linfield  college.  .  .  . 
Portland,  the  city  of  tennis-players,  has 
more  cause  to  enthuse  with  the  return 
of  Henry  Wu,  from  China,  who  was 
No.  2  man  at  Reed  college  in  Portland 
during  his  three  years'  attendance  there. 
.  .  .  Plans  are  being  formulated  again 
for  the  1937  Rose  festival  (June  9-11), 
an  affair  that  is  ever-colorful  and  attrac- 
tive enough  to  attract  visitors  from  far 
and  wide.  .  .  .  Dorothy  Wong's  en- 
gagement to  Henry  Sue  was  revealed 
at  the  Hoy  Sun  Low  on  May  9  by  Mrs. 
Rose  Wong.  .  .  .  Best  wishes! 

To  show  you  that  nothing  is  impos- 
sible in  this  day  and  age  we  take  you 
from  Oregon  to  Illinois  in  the  space  of 
a  sentence  .  .  .  and  here  were  are  in 
Chicago!  Folks  down  south  in  Missis- 
sippi for  the  wedding  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
William  Pang,  which  occurred  in  the 
early  part  of  May,  were  Anita  Moy, 
Mrs.  Philip  Moye,  and  George  Wong. 
...  At  the  Young  China  Auxiliary  raf- 


fle dance  on  May  7,  the  first  prize  of 
$15.00  and  the  second  of  $5.00  were 
won  by  Miss  Fay  Washburn  and  Mr. 
Joe  Duffy,  respectively.  .  .  . 

That's  all  for  the  month,  brethren  .  .  . 
come  July  and  firecrackers  will  pop,  we 
hope!!!    S'long.  .  .  .  R.  R. 

o 

Jottings  From  Notebook 
(Continued  from  page  10) 

Very  few  of  the  stories  and  poems 
are  not  worth  a  good  thoughtful  read- 
ing. That  some  of  them  seem  obscure 
and  confused  in  thought  and  presenta- 
tion is  forgivable  in  a  first  effort,  since 
they  could  be  taken  as  being  experimen- 
tal. 

It  is  not  to  be  assumed  that  the  con- 
tributors to  The  Coast  are  amateurs  in 
the  art  of  writing,  for  they  are  not. 
Mariam  Allen  DeFord  has  several  bio- 
graphical works  to  her  credit;  Leon  Do- 
rais  is  a  contributor  to  magazines;  Law- 
rence Estavan  has  worked  on  newspa- 
pers for  ten  years  and  has  published 
many  poems;  Hilaire  Hiler  has  published 
two  books  and  has  two  others  in  the 
presses  called  "The  Artist's  Pocketbook" 
and  a  "Bibliography  of  Historic  Cos- 
tume;" Robin  Kinkead  was  newspaper 
correspondent  in  Russia  for  six  years; 
Raymond  Larson  has  published  three 
books  of  poetry;  Kenneth  Rexroth  is 
preparing  a  volume  of  poems  for  publi- 
cation; Nahum  Sabsay  published  a  novel 
entitled  "Hurricane"  in  1934;  Margaret 
Shedd  has  had  stories  and  sketches  in 
Theatre  Arts,  Manuscript,  and  Literary 
America;  Dorothy  Van  Ghent  published 
a  book  of  poetry  "Mirror  Images"  in 
1931;  and  Carl  Wilhelmson  brought  out 
a  novel,  "Midsummernight"  in  1930, 
which  was  also  translated  into  French. 

On  the  whole  the  talent  shown  in  the 
first  issue  of  The  Coast  should  justify 
its  editor's  fervent  hope  for  a  real  re- 
gional literary  medium  which  will  give 
outlet  and  recognition  to  creative  writers 
on  the  Coast.  I  for  one  look  forward 
to  future    issues   with   interest. 


New   Chinese   Ambassador   Arrives 

(Continued  from  page  3) 
larly  anxious  to  see  the  overseas  Chinese 
in  the  joint  efforts   of   advancing  their 
welfare   collectively  and  the   welfare  of 
their  country." 

"Please  describe  for  the  readers  the 
efforts  of  the  government  in  achieving 
unity  and  stability  within  China,"  was  the 
next  request  your  interviewer  put  to  the 
Ambassador.  Dr.  Wang  commented  thus: 

"It  is  my  opinion  that  the  last  few 
years,  since  the  Nationalist  government 


was  established  in  Nanking,  China  has 
made  more  efforts  in  construction  and 
organization  than  at  any  other  time  in  her 
long  history.  Briefly,  China  has  built 
100,000  kilometers  of  roads.  She  has 
constructed  railroads  to  all  vital  centers 
of  the  nation.  Railroads  have  been  com- 
pleted from  Hankow  to  Canton,  from 
Tungkwan  westward  to  Sian,  and  from 
Hangchow  to  Chengtu.  Other  routes  are 
projected  into  Szechuan,  the  largest  prov- 
ince of  China,  and  open  that  interior  to 
commerce.  Captital  is  now  flowing  from 
the  port  cities  into  the  interior.  This  is  a 
matter  of  great  importance. 

"The  government  is  doing  much  work 
in  rural  reconstruction  and  water  con- 
servancy. Since  80  per  cent  of  the  popu- 
lation are  farmers  one  can  see  the  value 
in  this  direction.  The  crop  has  been  un- 
usually good  this  year.  In  the  field  of 
education  I  have  just  received  a  report 
from  the  government  stating  that  12,- 
000,000  students  will  graduate  from  the 
schools  of  China  next  month,  and  there 
are  50,000,000  in  the  schools  today.  The 
modernization  of  municipal  government 
is  making  steady  progress.  The  cities 
have  wide  roads,  light  and  water  systems, 
and  the  municipalities  are  paying  partic- 
ular attention  to  public  health  today. 
The  question  of  peace  and  order  is  very 
satisfactory." 

When  asked  for  a  message  to  the 
young  people  and  Chinese  students  in  this 
country,  Ambassador  Wang  said, 

"Concerning  our  younger  population 
it  gives  me  great  satisfaction  to  know  that 
they  are  taking  higher  courses  in  educa- 
tion. I  hope  they  want  to  return  to  China, 
and  particularly  to  learn  the  national 
language,  for  it  is  most  important." 

Dr.  Chengting  T.  Wang  is  a  seasoned 
diplomat,  as  well  as  a  veteran  statesman. 
He  was  twice  Foreign  Minister  of  the 
Republic,  one  time  the  President  of  the 
Senate  of  China,  and  has  held  the  port- 
folios of  the  Ministry  of  Finance  and  the 
Ministry  of  Industries.  In  1919  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Paris  Peace  conference 
but  he  withheld  China's  signature  to  the 
Treaty  of  Versailles.  From  1929  to  1931 
while  as  Foreign  Minister  he  secured 
tariff  autonomy  for  China  after  eighty 
years  of  foreign  control.  Dr.  Wang  is  no 
stranger  in  the  United  States.  He  is  a 
former  student  at  Michigan,  a  son  of 
Yale,  and,  during  his  student  days,  was 
the  first  general  secretary  of  the  Chinese 
Students'  Christian  association  of  North 
America  which  has  a  continued  existence 
as  an  organization  for  promoting  Sino- 
American  goodwill. 


June,  1937 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


Page  19 


EDITORIAL    NOTES 


Two  Ant' 


In  her  choice  of  plenipoten- 
tiaries to  the  United  States 
bassadors       it  seems  that  China  has  aj. 

ways  been  fortunate  to  find 
just  the  right  men  for  this  arduous  and 
often  thankless  job.  When  she  sent 
Alfred  Sze  here  several  years  ago  the 
consensus  of  opinion  of  those  who  are 
directly  concerned  with  the  foreign  af- 
fairs of  both  countries  was  that  a  better 
choice  could  not  have  been  made.  Now 
in  sending  C.  T.  Wang  to  America 
another  happy  selection  has  been  made. 

"C.  T.,"  as  the  new  ambassador  is 
known  to  his  friends,  is,  like  Ambas- 
sador Sze,  well  acquainted  with  Amer- 
ica, its  form  of  government,  education, 
and  the  psychology  of  its  people.  Part 
of  his  education  in  Yale  decades  ago  was 
in  learning  American  pep  and  Yankee 
humor,  and  in  cultivating  a  love  for 
competitive  sports.  This  extra-curricu- 
lar activity  later  served  him  well  in  sell- 
ing the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  movement  in  China 
and  still  later  in  the  fields  of  diplomacy. 
In  the  sphere  of  diplomacy  Alfred  Sze 
is  more  experienced  and  shrewder  than 
"C.  T.,"  but  in  diversity  of  accomplish- 
ments the  latter  surpasses  Sze.  Alfred 
Sze  is  one  of  China's  few  career  diplo- 
mats, but  C.  T.  Wang  has  been  a  Y. 
M.  C.  A.  secretary,  railway  director,  for- 
eign minister  and  promoter  of  national 
athletics. 

In  the  arena  of  Chinese  politics  dur- 
ing recent  years,  C.  T.  Wang  has  been 
buffeted  by  the  winds  of  circumstance; 
but,  at  heart  an  idealist,  he  has  hewn 
his  career  in  keeping  with  his  high  ideal- 
ism. That  he  has  been  able  to  do  this 
in  a  China  of  revolutions  and  political 
up-heavals  speaks  well  for  his  qualities 
both  as  a  man  and  as  a  diplomat. 


~. .  ™  .         Recently    our    Consul    Gen- 
Old  Chinese        i    #"     <-     u  -  J 
era!    C.    C    Huang    visited 

Settlement  Oroville,  a  sleepy  little  Cali- 
fornia town  not  far  from 
Marysville,  and  found  some  interesting 
things  to  report  about  the  place.  Less 
than  a  decade  after  the  discovery  of  gold 
in  the  state,  Chinese  miners  and  laborers 
began  to  drift  into  the  town  until,  before 
anyone  knew  it,  there  were  some  30,000 
pig-tailed  Celestials  who  had  settled  in 
the  place.  Somehow,  either  by  general 
contributions  or  the  initiative  of  private 
individuals  a  Chinese  temple  was  caused 
to  be  built  in  the  midst  of  the  Chinese 
quarters,  with  idols,  incense  sticks  and 
urns,  and  other  accessories  of  worship 
imported  from  China.  Oroville  at  that 
time  must  have  looked  more  like  a  minia- 
ture Celestial  empire  than  a  white  min- 
ing town. 


But  when  gold  petered  out  in  the 
California  hills  and  persecutions  began 
to  be  waged  against  them,  the  Chinese 
left  Oroville  almost  en  masse,  never  to 
return.     Only  several  hundred  remained. 

When  Consul  Huang  went  there  last 
month  he  found  only  a  handful  of  aged 
countrymen  in  the  place  who  were  ap- 
parently content  to  remain  the  rest  of 
their  days  there.  The  temple,  built  more 
than  half  a  century  ago,  was  still  stand- 
ing, but  was  falling  to  pieces  and  utterly 
unused.  Of  the  old  Chinese  quarters, 
fires  over  a  period  of  years  had  erased 
all  traces. 

Since  the  Chinese  temple  was  an  his- 
toric landmark  of  the  town  Consul 
Huang  approached  Oroville's  mayor  to 
talk  over  possibilities  of  preserving  this 
site.  The  upshot  was  that  a  committee 
of  ways  and  means  of  the  town's  sub- 
stantial citizens  was  chosen  to  obtain 
funds  and  convert  the  temple  into  a  sort 
of  museum.  The  Consul  told  us  that  he 
hoped  to  send  someone  there  shortly  to 
take  an  inventory  of  the  articles  still 
in  the  temple. 


We  are  glad  to  note  that  a 
Speakers  Chinese  social  worker  and 
a  physician  are  two  out  of 
forty  persons  listed  on  the 
city's  Community  Chest  Year-Round 
speakers'  bureau  for  1937-38.  The  so- 
cial worker  is  Samuel  D.  Lee,  case 
worker  at  the  local  State  Relief  Ad- 
ministration agency,  while  the  other  is 
Dr.  Margaret  Chung,  M.  D.,  nationally 
known  physician  and  surgeon.  Mr.  Lee's 
subject  is  "Chinatown  Today,"  while 
Dr.  Chung's  is  "Chinatown's  Health." 
We  know  of  no  two  persons  in  the  com- 
munity who  are  better  qualified  to  speak 
on  these  topics. 


„,, .  A  thirst  for  a  knowledge  of 

Chinese  i        ^,  .  . 

the     Chinese     language     is 

Studies  abroad  in  California  among 

American  business  people 
and  students,  if  a  recent  report  which 
came  to  us  is  true.  In  Los  Angeles 
alone  600  people  during  the  last  eight 
years  have  taken  up  class  work  for  the 
study  of  written  and  spoken  Chinese. 
In  San  Francisco  also  many  adults  have 
taken  up  this  study  and  some  have  ad- 
vanced to  that  stage  of  linguistic  pro- 
ficiency when  they  can  come  into  China- 
town and  converse  with  the  merchants 
in  our  own  Cantonese  tongue. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  those  who 
have  taken  up  the  learning  of  Chinese 
are  most  of  them  business  and  profes- 
sional people  as  well  as  students  who  ex- 
pect to  reside  in  China  at  some  future 


date,  or  who  have  business  with  and  in 
the  Orient,  while  another  group  is  purely 
interested  in  the  study  of  Chinese  his- 
tory, art  and  civilization.  These  individ- 
uals know  that  the  day  is  not  far  off 
when  a  sufficient  knowledge  of  China 
and  the  Chinese  language  will  be  inval- 
uable for  commercial,  scientific,  and  cul- 
tural purposes. 


ct  a  The  name  of  Dorothy  Wing 

has  been  added  to  the  staff 

anges         as     our     new     Advertising 

Manager,  replacing  Thomas 
W.  Chinn,  who  resigned  due  to  pres- 
sure of  other  work.  Miss  Wing,  like 
our  associate  editor  and  circulation  man- 
ager, is  also  a  graduate  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  California.  The  CD  is  fortu- 
nate in  having  her  on  the  home  staff 
and  hopes  she  will  remain  with  the  pub- 
lication for  some  time. 

To  Miss  Wing  we  extend  a  sincere 
word  of  welcome,  while  to  Thomas 
Chinn  we  express  our  equally  sincere  re- 
grets that  his  valuable  service  is  lost 
to  us.  Perhaps  at  some  future  date  he 
may  be  with  the  CD  again,  we  hope. 

Another  new  name  on  the  staff  roster 
is  H.  K.  Wong,  although  he  is  by  no 
means  a  new  member  at  all.  In  fact, 
he  has  been  with  us  for  months  already 
but  was  not  willing  to  let  his  identity 
be  known  until  now.  He  is  the  man 
who,  with  the  help  of  our  various  cor- 
respondents, edits  the  Roaming  Around 
column  and  who  signs  himself  R.  R. 
"H.  K."  does  a  lot  of  roaming  up  and 
down  the  state,  and  like  the  capable  re- 
porter that  he  is,  knows  just  where  to  get 
news  of  our  younger  crowd's  social  and 
other  activities.  For  news  from  afar  he 
has  the  aid  of  more  than  a  dozen  au- 
thorized CD  correspondents  from  Hon- 
olulu to  New  York.  "The  Chinatown- 
ian  Roams  Around"  is  edited  by  one  man 
but  written  by  a  staff  bigger  than  our 
home  office  personnel — which  is  why  R. 
R.  covers  so  much  territory. 


Berkeley,  Calif. — At  the  74th  Com- 
mencement of  the  University  of  Califor- 
nia, two  graduate  and  three  undergrad- 
uate scholarships  were  awarded  the  fol- 
lowing Chinese  students: 

Graduate  scholarships  —  International 
House-  Yenching  University  Exchange 
Scholarship  to  Shou-Jui  Chao,  Tientsin, 
China;  Governor  Pardee  Scholarship  to 
Henry  D.  Moon,  San  Francisco. 

Undergraduate  scholarships  —  Sidney 
Hellman  Erhman  Scholarship  to  Haw 
Chan,  San  Francisco;  Oriental  Institute 
Scholarships  to  Benjamin  Chow,  San 
Jose;  Lawrence  S.  Jue,  San  Francisco. 


Poge  20 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


June,  1937 


MOORE'S 

y  J^\\(p^     Hopsack 
O^jc  (9      u    Sport  Shirt 

(VV  $1.50 

Others 

$1  to  $5 


WORSTED 
SLACKS 


For  Tennis 
Fiends! 


flannel-tex 
slacks         $5.95 


$2.95 


GABERDINES  $10-$12.50 


Other  Sox 


INTERWOVEN 
SCOTCH 
PLAIDS 

$1.85 

ivi $1.00 


MOORE'S 

SAN  FRANCISCO— OAKLAND 


For  active  or 
sideline  sports 


% 


2 


u 


SPORTSTER- 
OXFORD  BY 


YOU'VE  seen  shirts  with  half' 
sleeves,  with  bellows  pock' 
ets,  with  pleat  backs,  with  lo' 
band  collars.  But  it  took  Man' 
hattan  to  combine  all  these  com' 
fort  ideas  into  a  white  oxford 
shirt.  Collar  worn  open  for  act' 
ive  sports  —  with  tie  for  sidelines 

MOORE'S 

Home  of  Hart  Schaffner  &  Marx  Clothes 

840  MARKET  141  KEARNY 

1450  Broadway     —     Oakland 


!**!* 


r~ 


j 


<5 


COMMENT--    SOCIAL   *   -  SPOfcTS 
UEU/S    •   -    CULTUtE   •    *     LIT£££7UC:£        sam  «e»NCiSco.C(vcvfoaH(»  ^ 


Vol.  3,  No.  7 


July,   1937 


Ten  Cents 


Scenes  taken  in  o  Chinatown  theatre  during  the  active  performance  of  an  opera.  Top  and  lower  pictures  show  the  players  in  action 
on  the  stage,  exactly  as  it  is  done  in  China,  scenery,  costume,  property  and  all.  The  center  pictures  show  two  of  the  actresses  just  finish- 
ing make-up,  while  the  male  performer  is  putting  on  the  last  touches  in  the  little  dressing  space  alioted  to  him.  I  See  article  entitled 
"Celestial  Drama  in  Chinatown"  in  this  issue.) 


Page  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,   1937 


EDITORIAL 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


LIGHTING  THE  CHINESE  PLAYGROUND 

Lighting  the  Chinese  playground  in  order  to  provide  public 
recreational  facilities  for  the  children  of  the  Chinese  community 
has  been  a  subject  of  discussion  among  various  civic-minded 
groups  in  Chinatown  for  several  years.  In  the  whole  scheme  of 
city  administration,  providing  lights  for  one  playground  is  a 
matter  of  minor  consideration  compared  with  problems  which 
affect  the  well  being  of  a  greater  number  of  people  than  that 
of  several  thousand  Chinese  children.  But  to  the  younger  and 
civic-minded  element  of  Chinatown,  especially  those  who  exer- 
cise political  franchise,  the  lighting  of  the  community's  play- 
ground is  of  first  rate  importance  and  must  be  provided  for  at 
the  earliest  possible  moment. 

It  need  not  be  pointed  out  at  this  date  how  necessary  it  is 
that  Chinatown  should  be  provided  with  recreational  facilities 
both  day  and  night.  With  the  playground  open  only  during 
the  daytime,  the  children,  young  boys  and  girls  who  have  more 
time  for  recreational  activities  at  night,  are  forced  by  necessity 
to  go  to  other  public  places  in  the  city.  There  are,  it  is  true, 
three  social  centers  in  the  community  which  provide  some  even- 
ing recreational  activities,  but  the  facilities  are  inadequate. 
Children  are  forced  to  stay  home  in  their  congested  tenement 
houses  and  amuse  themselves  as  best  they  can.  Many  romp 
around  the  streets  because  they  can  find  no  place  to  play  at 
night.  This  lack  of  night  playground  facilities  is  one  of  many- 
problems  in  this  community  which  has  long  demanded  an  early 
solution. 

It  seems,  however,  that  at  last  the  Chinese  playground  will 
soon  be  lighted  for  night  recreation.  At  least  two  Chinatown 
civic  groups  have,  in  recent  months,  used  their  influence  in 
asking  the  city  fathers  to  make  an  appropriation  for  the  realiza- 
tion of  this  needed  improvement.  The  Chinese  American 
Citizens'  Alliance  and  the  Chinatown  Progressive  Association, 
the  latter  backed  by  the  North  Beach  Improvement  Association, 
both  couched  their  petitions  in  about  the  same  terms  and  re- 
quested immediate  action. 

As  a  result,  the  Finance  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Sup- 
ervisors, headed  by  Alfred  Roncovieri,  recently  recommended 
the  appropriation  of  $3250  for  the  installation  of  light  in  the 
Chinese  playground.  This  recommendation  was  approved  bv 
the  Board  of  Supervisors  and  the  appropriation  was  included  in 
the  budget  for  the  next  fiscal  year. 

It  looks  now  as  if  the  solution  of  one  Chinatown  problem 
is  in  sight.  Getting  this  appropriation  was  not  easy,  because 
for  several  years  previously  the  issue  had  been  sidestepped  by 
the  city  fathers.  Last  year  it  was  rumored  that  the  measure 
would  be  approved,  but  at  the  last  minute  it  was  placed  in  the 
category  of  unfinished  business.  Thanks,  however,  to  the  efforts 
of  both  the  Chinese  American  Citizens'  Alliance  and  the  China- 
town Progressive  Association,  this  appropriation  was  finally- 
effected  this  year. 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 
San  Francisco,  California     CHina  2400) 

WILLIAM    HOY,    Editor 

Per  year,  SI. 00;    Per  copy,    10   cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.      For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 
secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE   Associate   Editor 

LIM   P.   LEE    Sociological    Data 

DOROTHY  WING   Advertising  Manager 

HELEN  M.  FONG   Circulation  Manager 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.   K.  WONG    Staff  Reporter 

CORRESPONDENTS   and    REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersfield    Momie    Lee 

Berkeley   Glenn  D.  Lym 

Chicago    Beatrice    Moy 

Fresno    Allen    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Honolulu,  T.   H Grace   H.  Goo 

Los   Angeles    Bernice    Louie 

New  York    Bing  Chan 

Portland    Eva    Moe,    Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Santa  Barbara    Albert  Yee 

Sacramento    Mrs.    Howard  Jong 

Stockton    Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Watsonville    Alice    Shew 

FOUNDERS   and   PUBLISHERS 

THOMAS    W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorials   2,  19 

Far  East 3 

Culture 4,  5 

Sociological  Data  6 

The  Jade  Box 7 

Chinatownia    8-14 

Sports  15,  16 

Continuation  Page 17,  18 

Source  of  China's  New-Found  Strength  3 
Chinese  Inventions  and  Discoveries    .      4 

The  Chinese  Single  Man 6 

Celestial  Drama  in  San  Francisco  8 

Chinese  Add  Color  to  Bridge  Fiesta         9 
American  Trained  Men  Needed.  ...    11 

Firecrackers   14 

Frank  Jowe  Wins  Championship         .    16 

A  Man  by  Any  Other  Name 17 

Going  Reno 18 


j*^*v '"- ,,^m>^'^rx^i^^m>m>' 


July,   1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  3 


FAR     EAST 


THE  SOURCE  OF  CHINA'S 
NEW-FOUND  STRENGTH 

(The  following  article  is  contributed 
by  a  Chinese  journalist  residing  in  Shang- 
hai who,  for  personal  reasons,  does  not 
wish  to  reveal  his  name.  The  opinions 
voiced  in  his  article  are  entirely  his  own 
and  not  necessarily  those  of  the  Chinese 
Digest. — Editor.) 

When  a  Japanese  banker,  in  charge  of 
the  Shanghai  branch  of  one  of  the  lead- 
ing financial  institutions  in  Tokyo,  warns 
his  countrymen  that  the  Chinese  people 
are  no  longer  incohesive  like  a  tray  of 
sand,  but  are  hardening  into  cement  in 
consequence  of  external  pressure,  wide 
interest  is  aroused  as  to  the  truth  of  the 
statement  and  its  implications.  Mr.  Seiji 
Yoshida,  as  representative  of  the  Mitsu- 
bishi Bank  and  Chairman  of  the  Jap- 
anese Chamber  of  Commerce  in  Shang- 
hai, must  be  regarded  as  having  some 
authority  to  express  the  views  of  the  local 
business  community  of  which  he  is  a 
prominent  member,  and  in  a  pamphlet 
he  has  written  (which  has  been  widely 
distributed  among  Japanese  business-men 
by  the  Tokyo  Chamber  of  Commerce)  he 
calls  attention  to  the  necessity  of  the  Jap- 
anese Government  and  people  correcting 
their  mistaken  ideas  about  political,  eco- 
nomic, and  general  conditions  in  China. 
Mr.  Yoshida  warns  his  countrymen 
against  regarding  the  progressive  trend 
of  affairs  with  indifference,  and  urges 
immediate  action  to  improve  Sino-Jap- 
anese  relations — the  aboundoment  of  a 
"strong"  policy,  and  the  adoption  of  one 
which  is  not  only  practical  but  acceptable 
to  China.  This  outspoken  declaration  by 
a  Japanese  banker  engaged  in  business  in 
China,  following  upon  the  many  bitter 
denunciations  of  Japan's  policy  which 
have  been  made  recently  in  the  Diet,  and 
followed  in  turn  by  the  appointment  of 
a  new  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  in 
Tokyo  who  has  described  the  Japanese 
"superiority  complex"  as  the  greatest  ob- 
stacle to  reaching  an  understanding  with 
China — all  these  things  go  to  suggest  that 
the  gradual  hardening  of  "sand"  into 
"cement"  is  coming  to  be  recognized  as 
a  demonstrated  fact,  and  a  change  which 
has  to  be  reckoned  with  by  all  who  are  in 
any  way  interested  in  or  affected  by  the 
trend  of  China's  affairs. 

A  further  point  of  considerable  import- 
ance is  the  Japanese  banker's  recognition 
of  the  fact  that  external  pressure  has 
been  largely  responsible  for  expediting 
this  hardening  process,  which  in  turn 
completely  refutes  the  contention  which 
has  been  frequently  put  forward  by  Chi- 


anese  relations — the  abandoment  of  a 
merely  jealous — that  the  policy  followed 
by  the  National  Government  since  the 
crisis  of  1931  has  been  weak  and  vacil- 
lating, and  that  some  of  its  most  respon- 
sible leaders  have  been  "pro-Japanese," 
passively  if  not  actively.  The  truth  of 
the  matter  is  that  the  only  hope  of  China's 
"sand"  being  turned  into  "cement"  was 
to  gain  time  for  that  process  to  take  place. 
Sand  can  be  scattered  like  chaff  even  by 
a  light  summer  breeze,  but  if  time  can  be 
gained  to  use  that  sand  for  making  cement, 
a  structure  can  be  erected  which  will  with- 
stand the  most  devastating  typhoon. 

It  has  been  said  that  China's  foreign 
policy — and  more  especially  her  attitude 
toward  Japan — has  undergone  a  marked 
change  during  the  past  year.  To  some 
extent  that  is  true,  and  it  is  also  true  that 
Japan's  attitude  toward  China  has  been 
modified,  to  the  extent  that  the  terrific 
pressure  brought  into  operation  six  years 
ago  has  been  relaxed.  There  was  a  mo- 
ment when  China's  position  was  so  des- 
perate that  the  very  existence  of  the  Na- 
tional Government  was  in  danger  of  col- 
lapse. There  was  a  period  when  scores 
of  urgent  telegrams  passing  between  Mr. 
Wang  Ching-Wei,  President  of  the  Exec- 
utive Yuan,  General  Chiang  Kai-Shek, 
Chairman  of  the  Military  Affairs  Com- 
mission, and  General  Ho  Ying-Chin, 
Minister  of  War,  clearly  revealed  to  the 
readers  of  these  messages  the  appalling 
weakness  of  China's  position,  threatened 
within  by  armed  Communist  forces  and 
without  by  a  foe  whose  tremendous 
strength  was  overpowering.  Desperate 
though  the  situation  was  at  that  time, 
Mr.  Wang  Ching-Wei  told  the  Central 
Party  authorities  that  he  was  prepared 
to  take  full  responsibility  for  the  conse- 
quences of  immediate  armed  resistance 
and  opening  hostilities,  but  he  warned 
his  colleagues  of  the  Central  Executive 
Committe  and  Central  Political  Council 
what  the  probable  consequences  of  such 
a  decision  would  be.  If,  however,  with 
full  knowledge  of  the  facts  laid  before 
them,  they  decided  that  the  moment  had 
come  to  resort  to  warlike  measures,  he  as 
President  of  the  Executive  Yuan  was  pre- 
pared to  carry  out  their  instructions. 

Those  instructions  were  not  given.  In- 
stead, the  Party  leaders  approved  Mr. 
Wang  Ching- Wei's  policy — not  of  abso- 
lute non-resistance,  but  of  gaining  time 
for  "sand"  to  become  "cement."  They 
realized  the  folly  of  attempting  to  offer 
resistance  before  the  nation  was  suf- 
ficiently "hardened"  to  make  such  action 
effective,  and  the  wisdom  of  their  deci- 


sion has  been  since  proved  by  events. 
Yet  it  was  not  long  before  some  of  those 
who  had  approved  concentrating  upon 
defense  rather  than  defiance  were  criticiz- 
ing the  National  Government  for  its 
"weakness,"  and  complaining  that  Mr. 
Wang's  policy  was  merely  encouraging 
further  aggression.  The  Tangku  truce — - 
like  that  which  brought  the  Shanghai 
hostilities  to  an  end — was  bitterly  criti- 
cized by  those  who  failed  to  appreciate 
either  the  meaning  of  a  truce,  or  the  cir- 
cumstances which  made  such  a  pact  de- 
sirable for  China.  The  so-called  Ho- 
Umetsu  "Agreement" — which  was  simp- 
ly an  exchange  of  letters — was  also  vig- 
orously denounced  by  some  Chinese  crit- 
ics as  further  evidence  of  Mr.  Wang 
Ching- Wei's  "weakness,"  whereas  actu- 
ally all  that  passed  between  the  Minister 
of  War  and  the  Japanese  General  was  a 
note  demanding  certain  action,  and  a  re- 
ply stating  that  these  things  had  been  al- 
ready done.  This  letter  was  written  with 
the  knowledge  and  approval  of  the  Cen- 
tral Party  authorities,  and  was  in  no  sense 
a  hole-and-corner  scheme  planned  in  the 
Waichiaopu  without  full  consultation 
with  other  responsible  quarters. 

If  China  today  stands  in  a  stronger 
position  than  she  did  a  year  ago,  if — 
as  the  Japanese  banker  says — the  "sand" 
is  hardening  into  "cement,"  it  is  because 
the  National  Government's  policy  since 
1931  has  enabled  that  change  to  come 
about.  If  the  Sian  affair  of  the  "Double 
Twelfth"  last  year  failed  to  precipitate 
the  country  into  another  disastrous  period 
of  civil  war,  it  was  because  the  founda- 
tions of  the  National  Government  no 
longer  rested  on  sand,  but  on  solid  con- 
crete. If  General  Chiang  Kai-Shek  last 
autumn  was  able  to  deal  swiftly  and  ef- 
fectively with  recalcitrant  elements  in 
Kwangtung  and  Kv/angsi,  it  was  because 
the  National  Government  was  in  a  posi- 
tion to  establish  its  authority  over  those 
who  challenged  it.  If  China's  refusal  to 
accept  Japan's  demands  produced  a  diplo- 
matic deadlock,  that  attitude  was  possible 
because  the  National  Government  was  in  a 
better  position  in  1936  to  take  a  firm  stand 
than  it  was  two  or  three  years  earlier. 

No  longer  distracted  by  constant  mili- 
tary operations  against  Communist  forces, 
no  longer  weakened  by  the  aloofness  of 
the  South-West  faction,  and  strengthened 
by  the  knowledge  that  military  prepared- 
ness had  made  progress  along  with  eco- 
nomic development,  the  National  Govern- 
ment was  in  a  position  not  only  to  reject 
Japan's  demands  but  to  present  some  of 
its  own.  There  has  been  no  change  of 
(Continued  on  p.  17) 


Page  4 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


July,  1937 


CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


CHINESE   INVENTIONS 
AND   DISCOVERIES 

Numbers  51-55:  The  Chinese  invented 
paper  money,  including  cash  certificates, 
gold  banknotes,  and  the  equivalent  of 
checks  and  bonds:  her  speculators  attached 
whistles  to  carrier  pigeons  bearing  "stock 
reports." 

The  invention  of  paper  money  was  pre- 
ceded by  the  production  of  at  least  two 
fore-runners  a  short  time  previous  to  the 
invention  of  paper.  In  the  year  119  B.  C. 
Emperor  Wu  Ti  of  the  Han  Dynasty 
ordered  the  court  to  issue  foot-square 
documents  of  white  deerskin  for  presen- 
tation to  officials  who  were  granted  audi- 
ences. Monetary  value  was  attached  to 
these  documents  and  they  were  known  at 
that  time  as  p'i  pi  or  "parchment  money." 

During  the  reign  of  Emperor  Wang 
Mang,  A.  D.  8-A.  D.  23,  fiat  moneys 
were  circulated.  These  differed  only 
slightly  in  size  but  varied  greatly  in  value. 
The  kuo  t'ang  or  government  treasury 
held  metal  to  support  these  arbitrary 
moneys. 

In  807  and  again  in  809  Emperor 
Hsien  Tsung  of  the  T'ang  Dynasty  cir- 
culated for  a  very  short  time  fei  chin  or 
"flying  money"  which  may  be  said  to  be 
the  first  paper  money  in  the  world.  This 
was  also  known  at  the  time  as  ho  ch'uan 
or  "fitting-together  bills."  Was  this  cur- 
rency printed?  The  foundation  was  prob- 
ably printed,  like  a  check,  but  the  date, 
the  amount,  and  the  seal  of  validity  were 
probably  added  at  the  time  of  issuance. 
The  bill  was  then  torn  from  the  stub, 
the  torn  edge  serving  as  identification. 

Shortly  before  the  beginning  of  the 
Sung  Dynasty,  in  the  reign  of  Emperor 
Chen  Tsung  (908-1004),  the  people  of 
the  State  of  Shu  (modern  Szechuen) 
were  forced  to  supply  their  lack  of  money 
by  creating  iron  token  coins,  ten  tokens 
being  equal  to  one  copper  cash.  This 
proved  to  be  very  cumbersome,  and  the 
commissioner  in  charge  of  the  newly  cre- 
ated province  produced  notes  for  one 
thousand  cash  each,  redeemable  in  three 
years.  These  notes  may  also  be  considered 
interest-bearing  bonds,  for  the  alternative 
was  to  accept  strings  of  coins,  eighty- 
five  or  less  of  which  passed  for  one  hun- 
dred. 

To  create  confidence  in  this  currency, 
16  wealthy  private  institutions  or  fam- 
ilies, between  935  and  954,  pledged  their 
property  as  security.  Shortly  before  970 
these  families  were  impoverished,  and 
the  government  took  over  the  charge, 
setting  up  a  ch'ao  p'iao  chu  or  printing 
office  at  I  Chou,  site  of  the  center  of  the 
first  printing  of  literature. 


Printing  of  national  currency  was  main- 
tained by  the  first  emperor  of  the  Sung 
Dynasty  at  the  state  capital,  Chang-an 
(modern  Si-an  fu),  in  970.  This  lasted 
for  four  centuries  under  fairly  stable  con- 
ditions. In  998,  the  amount  in  circulation 
totalled  1,700,000  tiao,  and  in  1022,  an 
addition  of  1,130,000  tiao  was  printed. 
A  tiao  or  a  kuan,  meaning  "a  string"  and 
"a  stringful"  respectively,  was  equal  to 
1,000  cash  during  the  Sung  Dynasty,  and 
at  that  time  was  equal  to  one  tael  (one 
liang  or  a  Chinese  ounce)  of  silver.  Tael 
is  from  tahil,  Malay  term  for  this  Chi- 
nese unit. 

The  first  recorded  instance  of  cur- 
rency counterfeiting  was  in  1068.  A  de- 
cree was  promulgated  which  exiled  the 
criminal  for  four  years;  but  as  the  prac- 
tice was  continued,  punishment  was  made 
capital. 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  Sung 
speculators  took  advantage  of  the  re- 
gional fluctuation  in  the  rate  of  metals, 
purchasing  low  and  selling  high.  To  fa- 
cilitate "stock  reporting"  carrier  pigeons 
were  used,  and  to  scare  hawks  from  at- 
tacking these  pigeons,  "sky  whistles" 
were  invented  for  attachment  to  the  birds. 
This  practice  was  adopted  in  the  United 
States  about  ten  years  ago. 

Between  1068  and  1079  Wang  An 
Shih,  the  socialist  premier,  made  strenu- 
ous efforts  to  keep  the  paper  money  on 
par,  and  this  was  so  rigidly  enforced  that 
no  depreciation  was  reported  till  nearly 
twenty  years  after  the  passing  of  his  re- 
gime. It  may  thus  be  said  that  the  Sungs 
were  cognizant  of  the  danger  of  infla- 
tion and  were  successful  with  their  cur- 
rency control  until  the  inroads  of  the 
northern  Tartars  near  the  end  of  their 
rule. 

The  invading  "Golden  Horde"  or  Nu- 
chen  Tartars,  also  known  as  the  Kins 
or  Chins,  demanded  such  heavy  tributes 
of  the  Sungs  that  the  amount  in  circula- 
tion in  1170  was  twenty  times  what  it  was 
in  1023.  In  the  same  year  a  new  issue 
was  printed  with  the  decree  that  each  tiao 
should  now  be  equal  to  four  tiao  of 
older  notes.  (This  was  exactly  the  ratio 
adopted  in  Massachusetts  in  1742  when 
a  "new  tenor"  replaced  the  old  ones  four 
to  one.  Massachusetts  in  1690  may  also 
be  said  to  have  printed  the  first  paper 
money  in  America,  if  not  in  the  Christian 
world.) 

Between  1161  and  1165,  twenty-eight 
million  taels  were  printed,  and  in  1166  an 
additional  sixteen  million  taels  were 
added.  This  was  finally  increased  be- 
yond reckoning — prices  soared,  and  cur- 


rency was  as  valueless  as  post-war  Ger- 
man marks. 

In  1209,  defeated  China  signed  a 
treaty  with  the  Kins  agreeing  to  pay 
heavy  tribute  annually.  A  special  issue 
was  printed  which  was  redeemable  in  gold 
or  silver,  instead  of  cash.  This  was  print- 
ed on  perfumed  silk  paper  to  inspire  con- 
fidence, but  by  that  time  the  people  were 
skeptical  of  anything  printed.  Mean- 
while the  Kins,  who  had  already  occupied 
the  northern  section  of  China,  also  started 
printing  currency,  and  theirs  was  rather 
stable  because  of  the  immense  movement 
of  metal  from  the  Chinese. 

During  the  Mongol  period,  1260-1368, 
printing  was  a  well  organized  government 
monopoly.  According  to  Marco  Polo, 
who  gloated  over  the  production,  the 
paper  used  was  made  ("by  alchemy") 
from  the  inner  bark  of  the  mulberry  tree; 
and  soiled  currency  was  renewable  at  the 
mint  by  the  payment  of  three  per  cent 
of  its  value. 

In  the  first  year  of  his  regime,  Emperor 
Shih  Tsu  (Kublai  Kahn)  issued  smaller 
notes  ranging  from  10  cash  to  2000  cash; 
also  larger  notes  representing  a  thousand 
ounces  of  silk,  said  to  be  equal  to  50 
taels  of  silver. 

The  total  printed  during  the  Mongal 
or  Yuan  Dynasty  was  2,380,563,800  taels 
or  more  than  37  million  taels  per  year. 
Carters  observed  that  since  the  wealthiest 
sovereign  in  Europe  at  that  time  could 
hardly  have  a  budget  excelling  one  million 
taels,  Marco  Polo's  statement  that  the 
Great  Kahn  had  more  treasure  than  all 
the  kings  of  the  world  is  not  a  great 
exaggeration. 

The  end  of  the  Mongol  period  found 
printing  increased  in  the  government's 
effort  to  raise  money  to  suppress  rebel- 
lions, and  the  depreciation  which  followed 
was  rapid.  The  time  was  right  for  the 
Chinese  to  regain  their  empire. 

Hung  Wu,  the  first  Emperor  of  the 
Ming  or  Nationalistic  Dynasty,  placed 
currency  on  a  firm  basis,  by  decreasing 
printing  and  by  having  a  storage  of  metal 
in  the  treasury.  For  some  strange  reasons 
the  printing  of  currency  was  discontinued 
by  his  successor  Yung  Lo  (1403-29),  and 
none  was  printed  throughout  the  rest  of 
the  Ming  Dynasty. 

The  succeeding  Ching  Dynasty  ( 1 644- 
1911)  was  exceedingly  prosperous  the 
first  half  of  its  regime.  Yet  it  was  not 
until  near  the  end,  when  hard  pressed 
for  money  because  of  the  Tai  Ping  re- 
bellion, that  paper  was  again  issued.  This 
was  in  1851  under  Emperor  Hsien  Feng 
(Cantonese:  Ham  Fung.) 

However,  the  Chinese  had  private  bank- 


July,   1937 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


Page  5 


CULTURE 


ing  institutions  from  the  earliest  time  and 
they  issued  drafts,  circular  letters  of 
credits,  and  bank  notes  which  took  on 
the  characteristic  of  a  promissory  note 
or  a  check.  These  latter  varied  in  de- 
nomination from  a  thousand  cash  to  a 
thousand  dollars.  Like  the  modern  lot- 
tery ticket  the  bill  itself  was  printed  in 
blue;  the  date  of  issue,  enclosures  for  sig- 
natures, and  the  seals  were  in  cinnabar 
red;  while  the  names  of  the  partners  and 
receivers  were  in  black.  On  the  back  were 
to  be  found  endorsements  of  various  in- 
dividuals through  whose  hands  the  bill 
had  passed.  The  signatures  did  not  ren- 
der the  writer  liable — they  were  to  facili- 
tate the  detection  of  forgeries.  The  intro- 
duction of  Western  currency  from  Hong 
Kong  and  Shanghai  toward  the  end  of 
the  19th  century  gradually  replaced  these 
private  notes. 

Currency  printing  was  very  haphazard 
and  often  in  irresponsible  hands  in  the 
early  days  of  the  Republic,  but  under 
present  day  Nanking,  epoch  making  re- 
forms were  accomplished  by  Finance  Min- 
ister H.  H.  Kung  through  the  Currency 
Reform  Policy  of  Nov.  3,  1935.  With 
reference  to  paper  money  the  decree  re- 
sulted in  the  unification  of  banknote  cur- 
rency and  reserves,  making  notes  of  the 
three  government  banks  legal  tender, 
and  the  organization  of  a  Currency  Re- 
serve Board  to  control  the  issue  and  re- 
tirement of  legal  tender  banknotes  as  well 
as  to  keep  custody  of  reserves  against  out- 
standing banknotes. 

References:  Lo  Chen-yu:  Ko  chin  ko 
pi;  Hou  Han  Shu,  Thomas  Francis 
Carter,  "The  Invention  of  Printing  in 
China";  S.  W.  Williams,  "The  Middle 
Kingdom";  Langston  and  Whitney, 
"Banking  Practice." 

(Note:  A  related  article  "The  Evo- 
lution of  Metallic  Coins  in  China"  will 
appear  in  a  future  issue  of  the  Chinese 
Digest.) 


WILL  KING'S 


KOFFEg 
KUP 

i8'-1'  Ave,  e  OeftRt 

WHERE     FOOD 
IS  so  oooo  tr 

MAKH  HUN6£H 
A    PLEASURE' 

Banouefs 


BAyview  3232 


GRILL 

TAYLOR  STREET 
-NR.    MARKET 

MEETIN6  PLACE 
OF    HAPPY 
APPETITES' 

„    PkoTU.    _ 

PRospecr  6982 


Chingwah   Lee 


M^mmi^mtmi 


ABOVE:  Well-worn  King  Dynasty  Paper  Money,  Circa.  1J?5  A..D. 
*Tha  Great  Ulng  Uni'raraally  Valid  Precious  Currency  issued 
by  9uag  fu, ..One  fruit.. .Board  of  Herenue. .. -Counterfeiters 
•ball  be  beheaded;  Informants  shall  be  granted  250  tael  as 
wall  a*  the  property  of  to*  criminal***.  Of  heavy  dark  gray 
paper  measuring  about  sl^bt  inehae  by  twelve- 

LXF? :  Ourranny  of  larperor  Helen  fang  of  the  Ching  Dynasty 
Issued  la  1251  JL.0.  Straw  color  paper,  foundation  In  blue, 
data  and  amount  In  black,  seal  of  Emperor  in  cinnabar  red. 
Sifts  of  Dtr.   Adolph  Larson,  Jr.   to  author's  Collection. 


Open  24  HOURS  A  DAY/ 


CHINESE  ART  GOODS 

EMBROIDERIES 
POCELAIN 
BAMBOO  WARES 
EARTHENWARE 
"~BRASSWARE  " 
CURIOS 
KIMONOS 
SILKS 
CHINA  TEA 
BASKETS 

Fay  On  Chong  Bazaar 

850  Grant  Ave. 
San    Francisco,   California 


All  makes  of  Golf  Clubs  and  Balls  and 
Repairing 

MOE    LEVITT 
Outdoor  Golf   Practice  Course 
Private  Lessons  by  Appointment 

19th  b  Paloma  Ave.      Montrose  9794 


WHOLESALE    AND     RETAIL 

SHANGHAI  BAZAAR 

Oriental  Art  and  Curios 
645  Grant  Ave.      San  Francisco,  Calif. 


Try  a  delightful  sandwich  with 
wine  or  a  cocktail  at  the 

LIGEE  WAN 

854  Washington  St. 
San   Francisco,  California 


Page  6 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


July,  1937 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


THECHINESE 
SINGLE  MAN 

By  Samuel  D.  Lee 

(A  study  of  an  aspect  of  early  Chinese 
immigration  to  America.) 

A  studv  of  the  Chinese  single  man  and 
some  of  its  perplexing  problems  cannot 
be  intelligently  discussed  without  a  gen- 
eral knowledge  of  the  history  of  the 
Chinese  in  this  country.  The  following 
summary  is  made  to  acquaint  the  reader 
with  the  factors  leading  to  migration  and 
some  of  the  early  conflicts  with  the  en- 
vironment in  which  they  struggled  to 
establish  a  foothold.  The  study  is  based 
upon  direct  interview  with  single  or  un- 
attached Chinese  who  were  on  relief  dur- 
ing the  height  of  the  economic  depres- 
sion. As  more  than  five  hundred  men 
have,  at  one  time  or  another,  sought 
public  assistance  in  the  form  of  work  re- 
lief, it  is  felt  that  the  problems  of  this 
controlled  group  are  somewhat  similar  to 
those  of  more  fortunate  persons  who  have 
managed  to  avoid  what  most  of  them 
considered  the  obnoxious  process  of  cer- 
tification for  public  assistance. 

The  migration  of  Chinese  to  San  Fran- 
cisco began  in  the  spring  of  1848,  when 
the  city  was  still  Yerba  Buena.  News 
of  the  discovery  of  gold  in  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley,  in  January,  1848,  had 
reached  Hong  Kong  and  created  as  much 
excitement  there  as  at  the  seaports  on  the 
Atlantic  coast.  There  began,  at  once, 
on  the  Racific  seaboard,  a  demand  for 
ready-made  clothing,  goods  and  provi- 
sions, all  of  which  could  be  obtained  from 
Hong  Kong  and  Honolulu  more  readily 
than  from  the  eastern  United  States.  As 
ships  came  into  Hong  Kong  for  supplies, 
news  of  high  wages  paid  to  laborers  spread 
gradually  among  the  farming  peasantry 
in  southern  Kwangtung  province  and 
drew  them  to  the  costal  cities  as  effectively 
as  the  tales  of  the  discovery  of  gold. 

By  distributing  maps,  placards,  and 
pamphlets  with  highly  colored  accounts 
of  the  "golden  hills"  (Gum  Shan)  the 
masters  of  foreign  vessels  reaped  an 
enormous  profit  as  the  demands  for  pas- 
sages and  freight  increased.  Chinese 
stores  in  Hong  Kong  were  appointed 
agencies  of  shipping  companies  to  assure 
every  facility  for  emigration.  In  1858, 
forty-four  clippers  left  Hong  Kong  for 
California  with  nearly  five  hundred  pas- 
sengers, and  by  the  end  of  that  year  it 
was  estimated  that  there  were  25,000 
Chinese  in  California,  engaged  either  in 
placer  mining  or  in  manual  labor. 

Behind  the   opportunities  afforded   by 


shipping  companies  and  the  lure  of  the 
discovery  of  gold  lay  a  deeper  cause  for 
migration.  The  great  Tai  Ping  rebellion 
which  began  in  the  summer  of  1850  left 
poverty  and  ruin  in  which  the  inhabitants 
of  southeastern  China  were  involved.  The 
terrors  of  war,  famine  and  plundering 
paralyzed  all  industry  and  trade.  The 
agricultural  classes,  especially,  were 
driven  to  Hong  Kong  and  Macao.  Con- 
tract coolie  labor  to  the  Isthmus  of  Pan- 
ama, Cuba,  and  South  America  and  vol- 
untary migration  to  California,  Malaya, 
and  Australia  began  as  men  experienced 
difficulty  in  finding  work  in  the  cities. 

Chinese,  as  compared  with  Europeans, 
are  not  emigrating  people.  The  inhabi- 
tants of  the  two  southeastern  provinces, 
Canton  and  Fukien,  have,  it  is  true,  been 
somewhat  more  adventurous  and  more 
ambitious  to  better  their  economic  con- 
dition than  their  inland  countrymen.  The 
stock  which  made  up  the  population  of 
these  two  provinces  was  the  survivor  of 
numerous  conquests  which  swept  north- 
ern China  throughout  the  centuries.  From 
an  early  period  they  have  migrated  in 
small  numbers  to  Cochin,  China,  Cam- 
bodia, and  Siam,  the  islands  of  the  Indian 
Archipelago,  Java,  the  Philipines  and  the 
Malaya  Peninsula,  Formosa,  and  Hainan. 
But,  in  spite  of  a  dense  population  and 
great  poverty,  the  united  restraints  of  law, 
religion,  and  family  ties  held  them  to  the 
land  of  their  birth.  The  first  group  of 
Chinese  emigrants  to  California  were  of 
the  adventurous  type  incited  to  better 
themselves  in  face  of  economic  strife  in 
the  homeland  and  attracted  by  the  lure 
of  gold.  They  were  not,  as  many  early 
chroniclers  have  led  us  to  believe,  the 
coolie  class  of  Chinese. 

Of  the  early  Chinese  who  came  to  Cali- 
fornia at  least  one-half  of  them  were 
married  and  expected  not  merely  to  make 
their  personal  fortune  but  to  support  a 
family  at  home;  for  no  man  in  China, 
over  twenty,  remains  unmarried  unless 
he  is  a  wanderer  or  very  poor.  At  this 
period  there  was  so  strong  a  sentiment 
against  respectable  women  leaving  their 
homes,  even  with  their  husbands,  that  few 
went  to  America.  Much  misconception 
as  to  the  character  of  the  Chinese  has 
arisen  from  the  erroneous  idea  that  they 
were  mostly  drawn  from  the  homeless,  idle 
classes  or  from  the  boat  (Dangah)  pop- 
ulation about  Canton.  These  classes  had 
no  collaterals  to  offer  for  passage  money 
and  were  the  material  from  which  the 
contract  trade  to  Cuba  and  South  Amer- 
ica was  recruited.  In  a  society  so  closely 
bound  together   by   ties  of  kinship  and 


with  a  tradition  which  makes  the  pay- 
ment of  debts  second  only  to  filial  duty, 
the  inefficient,  helpless,  and  vicious  had 
no  means  of  getting  away  without  the 
aid  and  security  of  their  families;  nor 
when  they  arrived  in  San  Francisco,  would 
they  have  been  able  to  obtain  the  assis- 
tance of  their  countrymen  necessary  to 
obtain  a  foothold. 

The  emigrants  to  the  United  States 
were,  in  fact,  free  agricultural  peasantry 
from  the  rural  districts  of  Canton. 
Young,  thrifty,  and  industrious,  they 
came  from  a  country  where  the  land  is 
divided  into  small  holdings  and  where 
agriculture  is  a  highly  respectable  occu- 
pation. They  possessed  unusual  inde- 
pendence of  character  and  had  as  much 
interest  in  leading  a  quiet,  well-ordered 
life  as  any  colonist  who  left  the  shores 
of  Great  Britain  for  the  purpose  of  bet- 
tering his  prospects.  They  were  very 
much  like  the  Irish  in  that  economic 
rather  than  political  and  religious  forces 
drove  them  hither,  and  in  that  prospect 
of  highly  paid  work  lured  them  from 
their  native  country  to  the  land  of  work 
and  gold.  One  marked  difference  is  dis- 
tinguished; the  stronger  family  ties  at 
home  and  the  absence  of  political  mo- 
tives, made  it  inevitable  that  the  Chinese 
should  return  when  he  had  paid  his  debt 
and  gained  a  competence;  yet,  even  in  this 
he  differed  only  in  degree  from  the  Italian 
and  the  Austro-Hungarian  immigrants 
of  a  later  period. 

By  1870  most  of  the  early  pioneers  to 
California  had  returned  to  China.  To 
them,  the  accumulation  of  four  or  five 
hundred  dollars  insured  independence 
and  security  in  the  homeland.  They  re- 
turned with  glowing  accounts  of  the  op- 
portunities of  accumulating  a  fortune 
at  common  labor.  Although  Chinese 
were  prevented  from  working  in  the  mines 
by  excessive  taxes,  there  was  still  a  great 
demand  for  their  services  in  the  cities  at 
the  more  menial  duties  of  community 
building.  The  cry  "Chinese  Labor  Is 
Ruining  America"  had  not  vet  been  heard. 
In  spite  of  anti-foreign  feeling  that  pre- 
vailed in  California  as  early  as  the  first 
year  of  the  discovery  of  gold,  such  at- 
tacks as  the  Chinese  suffered  seem  to 
have  been  merely  incidental  to  their  em- 
ployment where  all  foreigners  were  at  a 
disadvantage.  Being  relatively  non-ag- 
gressive, they  were  probably  left  alone 
chiefly  because  the  mobs  and  rowdies  were 
preoccupied  with  the  more  conspicuous 
elements  of  society. 

(To  be  concluded  in  a  subsequent  iasuc.) 


Q_ 


July,   1937 


CHINESE     D  I  GEST 


Page  7 


THE    JADE    BOX 

P'ing  Yu 


CHINESE  FLORENCE 
NIGHTINGALES 

Like  a  page  out  of  a  fairy  tale  book, 
seven  young  Chinese  ladies — nurses  at 
China's  famed  Peiping  Union  Medical 
College — had  their  first  glimpse  of  the 
United  States  recently  when  they  arrived 
on  the  President  Coolidge. 

It  all  started  with  an  unexpected  "case" 
fifteen  months  ago. 

While  on  a  world  tour,  Frederick  B. 
Snite,  Jr.,  26,  was  stricken  with  infantile 
paralysis  in  Shanghai,  China.  Unable  to 
breathe,  he  was  rushed  to  P.  U.  M.  C. 
and  placed  in  the  hospital's  "iron  lung." 
There  he  was  confined  under  the  care  of 
Dr.  Calude  E.  Forkner  and  his  staff  of 
Chinese  nurses,  who  divided  their  time 
into  shifts  to  provide  Snite  with  24  hour 
service.  This  care  so  completely  won  him 
to  his  devoted  nurses  that  he  had  to  have 
six  of  them,  together  with  Miss  Bao  Siu- 
Tsung,  physio-therapist,  make  the  return 
trip  to  America  with  him. 

Indeed,  the  "vacation,"  if  it  can  be 
termed  such,  was  well  earned,  for  these 
youthful  nurses  proved  such  capable  and 
conscientious  workers  that  one  of  the 
party,  when  asked  his  opinion  of  them, 
said,  "The  fact  that  they  are  making 
the  trip  to  Chicago  speaks  for  itself.  I 
do  not  believe  that  any  more  efficient 
nurses  than  they  can  be  found.  They 
have  certainly  done  a  marvelous  job." 

Father  Snite  said  that  the  wonderful 
manner  in  which  his  son  survived  the 
trip  and  his  long  confinement  without  de- 
veloping body  sores  was  indeed  a  miracle, 
a  testimony  to  modern-day  nursing,  and 
also  an  indication  that  Chinese  nurses 
are  as  capable  as  the  best  trained  ones  of 
their  profession  in  the  world. 

Young  Snite  has  been  taken  directly  to 
the  Billings  Memorial  Hospital  in  Chi- 
cago, concluding  a  12,000  mile  journey. 
It  is  also  undoubtedly  one  of  the  longest 
trips  any  Chinese  nurses  ever  before  at- 
tempted. 

The  young  ladies  will  remain  in  Chi- 
cago for  about  two  weeks  before  return- 
ing to  China.  Some  may  remain  in 
America  for  a  time  to  study  American 
hospitalization  methods  before  return- 
ing. 

Besides  Miss  Bao,  physio-therapist,  the 
nurses  who  made  the  trip  were  the  Misses 
Chin  Neng-Yao,  Huang  Tuan-Chen,  Liu 
Mei-Chih,  Pi  Hua-Ying,  Wang  Ai-lan, 
and  Wang  Pai-Kuen. 


If  study  be  neglected  in  youth,  what 
will  you  do  in  old  age? 


Top — Miss  Alice  P.  Fong,  teacher 
at  the  Commodore  Stockton  school, 
snapped  on  board  the  Malolo  when  she 
left  San  Francisco  to  spend  the  sum- 
mer in  Honolulu,  where  she  will  vaca- 
tion as  well  as  attend  the  summer  ses- 
sion at  the  University  of  Hawaii.  As 
president  of  the  Square  and  Circle 
Club,  Miss  Fong  is  ons  of  the  most 
active  organization  workers  in  S.  F. 
Chinatown. 

Below — Four  of  the  nurses  who  ac- 
companied Fred  Snite,  infantile  para- 
lysis victim,  from  China  to  the  U.  S. 
Left  to  right  they  are:  Wang  Ai-Lan, 
Huang  Tuan-Chen,  Bao  Siu-Tsung,  and 
Pi  Hua-Ying.  (Story  elsewhere  on  this 
page.) 


I  WAS  A-THINKING 

"Let's  Go  Places"  signs  and  symbols 
wave  wildly  and  all  but  bark  at  you  these 
days.  No  matter  where  you  turn,  tantaliz- 
ing play  togs  and  complete  arrays  of 
going  away  equipment  stare  at  you  be- 
seechingly— "Go  to  the  seaside  with  me" 


and  "You  can't  go  wrong  with  us  along." 
These  may  be  unspoken  sentences  but 
they  are  sort  of  silent,  unofficial  com- 
mands to  which  we  give  easy  acquiesence. 
We  simply  can  not  resist  the  irresistible, 
so  we  are  off — anywhere — so  long  as 
we're  going  places  or,  shall  I  say,  just 
so  we  don't  have  to  stay  at  home. 

Someday,  I  wish  someone  would  start 
a  fad  to  make  "Let's  stay  at  home"  a 
slogan  equally  enticing. 


"Not  how  much  you  know  life  but 
how  you  live  it  is  what  counts" — so  said 
President  Wilbur  to  Stanford's  grad- 
uates. It  reminds  me  of  something  which 
Lincoln  said  long  ago — "So  live  in  a 
place  that  that  place  is  proud  that  you 
live  in  it."  I  am  afraid  too  often  we 
don't  live  the  right  way  because  we  have 
no  one  to  be  proud  of  us,  for  the  simple 
reason  that  praise,  credit,  and  encourage- 
ment are  neither  generously  nor  prop- 
erly given. 

Suppose  we  put  the  thought  in  the  neg- 
ative or  Chinese  way.  "Not  how  you  live 
your  life  but  how  you  don't  live  it  is 
what  disappoints  and  hurts!"  Perhaps 
when  we  realize  how  keenly  perturbed, 
disturbed,  and  harassed  our  nearest  and 
dearest  to  us  are  over  our  behaviour,  we 
might  learn  to  turn  over  a  new  leaf  soon- 
er and  live  right.  To  live  right  and  like 
it  should  be  a  good  slogan. 


Speaking  of  graduation,  I  was  set  a- 
thinkin'  plenty  when  a  young  coed  made 
the  following  remark  in  answer  to  a 
usual  commencement  query:  "No,  a  B.  A. 
after  my  name  is  hardly  an  occasion  for 
excitement — nor  is  an  M.  A.  or  even  a 
Ph.D.  degree  thrilling  unless  these  dif- 
ferent milestones  indicate  in  me  an  added 
ability  or  capacity  for  doing  for  others." 
Though  she  is  young  in  years  still  she's 
old  in  wisdom.  For  how  well  we  know 
that  the  accumulation  of  knowledge,  as 
of  wealth,  without  benefit  to  others,  is 
vain. 

Thank  heaven  that  we  do  have  in  our 
midst  a  Chinese  college  woman  of  this 
type. 


Nowhere  in  the  world  are  women  as 
predominant  and  as  preeminent  as  they 
are  here  in  America.  The  facts  are  that 
they  not  only  outrank  men  in  attendance 
at  auctions, -charity  bazaars,  and  religious 
functions,  but  they  actually  outnumber 
them  also  in  public  concerts,  lectures,  and 
open  forums.  Women  and  their  whims 
are  back  of  the  profit  motive,  and  on 
(Continued  on  p.  17) 


Page  8 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


July,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


"CELESTIAL  DRAMA" 
IN  SAN  FRANCISCO 

By  Lois  M.  Foster 

[The  following  article  was  written  at  our 
request  by  Miss  Foster,  who  is  research  su- 
pervisor on  the  Federal  Theotre  Project  in  Son 
Francisco.  Last  year  Miss  Foster  and  three 
members  of  her  staff  completed  a  valuable 
piece  of  research  work  on  the  history  of  the 
Chinese  Theatre  in  America,  which  has  been 
scheduled  for  early  publication.  Miss  Foster 
specializes  in  writing  on  the  drama  and  has 
previously  co-authored  a  book  on  the  subject 
in  general. — The  Editor.] 

The  first  Chinese  immigrants  to  Amer- 
ica arrived  in  San  Francisco  in  1848.  Like 
most  of  their  successors,  they  came  from 
the  region  of  Canton,  where  the  Tai  Ping 
Rebellion  and  other  social  and  political 
disturbances  were  turning  the  eyes  of  the 
suffering  residents  to  the  golden  land 
across  the   sea. 

With  confirmation  of  gold  discoveries 
in  California,  the  emigration  from  Can- 
ton picked  up  with  a  rush.  By  the  end 
of  the  year  1850  there  were  more  than 
seven  thousand  Chinese  in  California,  all 
men  except  a  hardy  half-dozen  females. 

First  Performances 

The  first  Chinese  dramatic  perform- 
ances took  place  two  years  later:  on 
October  18,  1852,  the  Hong  Took  Tong 
Chinese  company,  made  up  of  123  per- 
formers, presented  an  opening  perform- 
ance at  the  American  theater  at  prices 
ranging  from  $2  to  $6  per  seat.  By  De- 
cember of  that  year  the  first  Chinese 
theater  had  been  completed,  and  since 
that  date  times  have  been  very  hard  in- 
deed when  San  Francisco  could  not  boast 
at  least  one  "Celestial  temple  of  the 
muse,"  in  the  words  of  early  newspaper 
reporters.  At  one  period  there  were  re- 
ported to  be  six  Chinese  theaters  prosper- 
ing at  once. 

Since  this  early  pioneering,  Chinese 
theaters  in  San  Francisco  have  seen  many 
changes.  No  longer  are  the  ladies  of  the 
audience  carefully  separated  from  the 
men;  no  longer  are  female  parts  played 
by  beautiful  gentlemen  in  imitation  gold- 
en-lily shoes;  no  longer — it  is  to  be  re- 
gretted— is  the  barren  unlegalized  stage 
hung  only  with  gorgeous  embroideries. 
Now  women,  in  American  or  modern 
Chinese  dress,  mingle  freely  with  their 
husbands  in  the  auditorium;  pretty  fe- 
male stars  have  stage-door  Johnnies  to 
admire  them;  mock-realistic  painted  back- 
drops epitomize  the  worst  Occidental  in- 
fluence in  stagecraft.  But  the  traditions, 
the  stories,  the  acting  methods  and  music, 
and,  happily,  many  of  the  costumes  of 


the  Chinese  theatre  are  almost  the  same 
today  as  they  must  have  been  eighty-five 
years  ago  when  San  Francisco  marveled 
at  the  exotic  invasion  from  overseas. 

Here  is  an  art  which  has  resisted  all 
efforts  toward  its  destruction.  How  many 
modern  Chinese  know  the  significance  of 
the  "Spirit  Doors"  or  the  delicate  nuan- 
ces of  "military"  costume?  How  long 
can  the  beautiful  technique  of  Chinese 
actors  withstand  the  effects  of  suave,  un- 
mannered  movie-inspired  crassness? 
Modern  Theatres 

The  two  theatres  now  offering  Chinese 
drama  in  San  Francisco  are  products  of 
the  twentieth-century  revival.  The  Man- 
darin, built  in  1924,  featured  for  a  year 
"the  Mary  Pickford  of  Southern  China," 
Cheung  Sook  Kun  (or  Jung  Shook  Kan) , 
at  that  time  advertised  as  the  highest- 
paid  actress  on  the  Chinese  stage. 

At  about  the  same  time  the  Great 
China  was  built,  and  a  professional  ri- 
valry developed  which  culminated  in  the 
brief  appearance  of  the  Peipingese  Mei 
Lan-fang  as  guest  artist  at  the  Great 
China  in  1930,  followed  by  the  presenta- 
tion of  Mah  See  Don  at  the  Mandarin  in 
eighteen  months  of  fine  Cantonese-style 
drama. 

In  these  post-depression  days  it  is 
strange  to  consider  that  a  star  at  the  Man- 
darin Theatre  was  once  paid  the  tre- 
mendous salary  of  $30,000  a  year,  if  we 
are  to  believe  the  English  newspapers. 
Chinese  in  America  considered  fine  actors 
well  worth  the  high  prices  they  were 
able  to  command,  and  American  actors 
often  wisely  took  lessons  from  their 
brothers.  It  was  Pauline  Frederick  who, 
ten  years  ago,  said  of  a  Chinese  actress: 
"I  can't  make  out  what  she's  driving 
at,  but  if  I  could  swing  my  hands  like 
she  does  I'd  make  a  million  dollars  a 
year."  Edwin  Booth  is  said  to  have  stud- 
ied in  San  Francisco  the  art  of  a  Chi- 
nese tragedian  named  Ah  Chic,  while 
Sarah  Bernhardt  said  of  a  popular  Chi- 
nese actor,  during  one  of  her  early  visits 
to  the  city,  that  he  was  "the  greatest 
she  had  ever  seen  on  any  stage." 
Players  Imported 

From  the  beginning,  almost  without 
exception,  actors  and  actresses  have  been 
imported  from  Canton  to  play  at  local 
Chinese  theatres.  A  few  native  sons  and 
daughters  have  gone  to  China  to  study 
art,  but  no  local  school  has  ever  been 
established  here  for  long  enough  to  find 
its  way  into  the  records. 

Los  Angeles,  Sacramento,  New  York, 
Portland,  Seattle,  Chicago,  Boston  have 


all  supported  Chinese  theatres  at  different 
periods,  but  San  Francisco  has  remained 
the  center  of  Chinese  dramatic  activity 
in  America,  and  Canton  has  maintained 
its  preeminence  as  the  source  of  supply. 
Even  the  art-curtain  of  the  local  houses — 
a  modern  Occidental  touch! — has  fre- 
quently been  supplied  by  Cantonese  man- 
ufacturers who  advertise  thereon  products 
of  Chinese  origin.  For  instance,  in  re- 
cent months  we  have  seen  on  the  gaudy 
drapery  of  the  Mandarin  Theatre  the 
following  legend: 

"Heart  Brand  Skin  Disease  Solu- 
tion. Dependable  for  Curing  all 
Kinds  of  Skin  Disease.  'The  Wai 
Shang  Yuk  Ching'  Tonic  Juice. 
Safe  and  highly  recommendable  for 
Nourishing  the  Blood  and  Brain. 
Aukah  Chuen  Canton,  China" 

A  curious  admixture  of  modern  and 
ancient,  Occidental  and  Oriental,  the 
Chinese  theatre  succeeds  in  maintaining 
a  stylized  charm  and  an  artificial  beauty 
comparable  to  that  of  the  Russian  ballet, 
and  deserving  of  study  and  perpetuation. 


New  York  City — Miss  Anna  May 
Wong,  Chinese  motion  picture  actress,  is 
making  personal  appearances  in  the  East, 
her  repertoire  including  Cantonese  folk- 
songs and  dramatic  sketches.  In  an  inter- 
view Miss  Wong  said  she  has  her  eye  on 
two  roles  in  Samuel  Goldwyn's  forthcom- 
ing production,  "The  Adventures  of 
Marco  Polo,"  but  declared  that  competi- 
tion was  terrific.  She  stated  she  has 
played  the  villainess  for  so  long  now  she 
would  enjoy  a  nice  role  for  a  change. 


It  has  been  estimated  that  the  late 
John  D.  Rockefeller,  the  American  oil 
magnate  whose  death  occurred  only  re- 
cently, has  donated  about  fifty  million 
dollars  to  Chinese  philanthropies  since 
1913.  In  1914  the  Rockefeller  Founda- 
tion established  the  China  Medical  Board 
to  further  the  study  of  medicine  in  China's 
medical  schools,  hospitals,  and  training 
centers  for  nurses.  Its  principal  project, 
the  Peiping  Union  Medical  College,  was 
built  in   1919  at  a  cost  of  $35,000,000. 

Rockefeller  philanthropies  have  helped 
in  China's  rural  and  economic  rehabilita- 
tion work  and  in  the  development  of 
modern  education  for  the  past  two  dec- 
ades. 


Those  who  do  not  study  the  past  and 
present  are  only  horses  and  oxen  in 
clothes. 


&*#*!* 


July,   1937 


CHINESE     D I GEST 


Page  9 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINESE  ADD  COLOR 
TO  GOLDEN  GATE 
BRIDGE  FIESTA 

San  Francisco — Eighty-seven  years  ago 
this  city  first  saw  her  Celestial  citizens 
in  parade.  The  occasion  was  a  mock 
funeral  procession  honoring  the  memory 
of  President  Zachary  Taylor  in  which  the 
whole  city  took  part.  The  Chinese  were 
invited  by  the  mayor  to  participate  and 
they  accepted  "with  great  glee,"  accord- 
ing to  a  chronicler  of  that  event.  They 
came,  several  hundred  strong  and  in  all 
their  Celestial  splendor,  pig-tails,  laven- 
der trousers,  golden  robes,  and  vari- 
colored silk  jackets.  They  made  a  pic- 
turesque procession.  Ever  since  then  no 
parades  of  any  proportions  in  San  Fran- 
cisco have  been  without  their  Chinese 
contingents. 

That  was  in  1850.  But  the  passing  of 
the  years  has  not  dimmed  the  capacity  of 
the  Chinese  to  lend  Oriental  color  and 
picturesqueness  to  any  big  public  demon- 
stration. The  latest  instance  was  their 
participation  in  the  Fiesta  celebrating  the 
opening  of  the  4200  foot  Golden  Gate 
Bridge.  The  Chinese  unit  took  part  in 
both  the  day  and  night  parades  and 
thrilled  spectators  with  its  feminine  charm 
and  the  splendor  of  Cathay  reflected  in 
the  reglia  of  the  musicians  and  the  young 
girls  bearing  lanterns. 

In  the  re-opening  day  parade  held  out 
in  the  Sunset  district,  the  St.  Mary's 
Chinese  unit  captured  a  first  prize  for  its 
showing. 

But  it  was  at  the  night  parade  that 
the  children  of  Cathay  blossomed  forth 
in  splendor.  The  Cathay  Band  carried 
the  torch  for  Chinatown,  attired  in  Man- 
darin caps  and  gowns  and  robes,  some 
inlaid  with  mirrors,  others  shimmering 
with  gold  and  silver,  still  others  of  vivid 
purple  and  crimson,  green  and  yellow. 
It  was  a  procession  riotous  with  color, 
rivaling  the  hues  of  Celestial  wild  flowers 
in  bloom.  It  was  good  showmanship,  too. 
And  the  fifty  lantern  girls  following 
added  a  touch  of  Oriental  charm  and 
beauty  to  complete  a  picture  that  remains 
in  one's  memory.  (For  details  of  the 
Chinese  float  which  was  an  outstanding 
part  of  the  Chinese  unit,  see  picture  else- 
where in  this  issue.)  W.  H. 


Chinese  Works  of  Art 

NATHAN   BENTZ  b  CO. 
Philip   Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441   Grant  Ave.  Sutter  4652 


S.  F.  Chinatown  furnished  the  most  colorful  and  distinctive  float  of  all  the  foreign 
colonies  participating  in  the  recent  celebration  of  the  opening  of  the  Golden  Gate 
Bridge.  The  design  is  a  replica  of  China's  famous  Loyang  bridge,  which  has  a  legendary 
beginning.  Some  of  the  girls  on  the  float  are  Mabel  Choy,  Vera  Lee,  Florence  Yep, 
and  Lilla  Wu.  The  chairman  of  the  Chinese  committee  was  Mr.  Lee  Quan,  and  marshal 
of  the  Chinese  division  was  Mr.  Leland  Kimlau. 

The  girl  wielding  the  baton  is  Miss  Blossom  Tang.    (See  story  elsewhere  on  this  page.) 


BLOSSOM  TANG 
BLOSSOMS  AS 
DRUM  MAJOR 

San  Francisco — One  young  China- 
town girl  who  contributed  much  to  the 
grand  showing  of  the  Chinese  unit  in  the 
recent  Golden  Gate  Bridge  Fiesta  parades 
is  a  lass  who  is  as  pretty  as  her  name — 
Miss  Blossom  Tang.  She  was  the  drum 
major  who  led  the  Chinatown  unit  in  the 
parades. 

Blossom  is  the  sixteen-year-old  daugh- 
ter of  T.  Y.  Tang,  executive  secretary 
of  the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  She  is  a 
sophomore  student  at  Lowell  high  school 
and  has  ambitions  to  enter  the  field  of 
medicine.  Besides  her  ability  to  act  as 
drum  major,  Blossom  is  versatile  in  sports 
and  music.    In  the  former  she  excels  in 


basketball  and  is  a  star  player  in  St. 
Mary's  Jr.  C.  D.  A.  sextet.  In  music 
she  plays  Occidental  classics  on  the  piano 
as  expertly  as  she  does  Chinese  melodies 
on  the  yang  ch'in — dulcimer.  She  is  cur- 
rently the  baton  wielder  of  St.  Mary's 
drum  corps.  E.  L. 

o 

San  Francisco — Pupils  of  Mrs.  Louise 
B.  Lowe  gave  a  pianoforte  recital  at  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  recently,  with 
Edna  and  Esther  Chong,  Pansy  Leong, 
Marie  Yew,  and  Lorraine  Louie  among 
the  young  artists  on  the  program.  Pau- 
line Chew  sang  songs  of  China,  while 
Grave  Tow  rendered  the  "Lost  Chord." 
Mrs.  Lowe  is  a  graduate  of  the  Boston 
Music  Conservatory  and  has  also  studied 
in  Europe. 


Where  Cooking  Is  An  Art . . . 


For  that  unusual  dish  try  "tung  kwa  chung"  .... 
tasty  soup  steamed  in  the  winter  melon  jacket,  together 
with  diced  chicken,  mushrooms,  lotus  seeds,  bamboo 
shoots,  etc.     (24-hour  notice  required.    Serves  8.) 

TAO   YUAN 


823  CLAY  ST. 


China  0156 


Page  10 


CHINESE      D I GEST 


July,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


THREE  PUBLICATIONS  STARTED 
BY  YOUTH  GROUPS 

During  the  past  five  months,  student 
and  young  people's  groups  in  Portland, 
Oregon,  Columbia,  Missouri,  and  New 
York  City  have  launched  journalistic  en- 
terprises. In  Portland,  a  group  of  young 
ladies  have  started  a  small  bi-weekly  news 
organ  for  the  benfit  of  their  club  mem- 
bers, friends,  and  the  younger  element 
of  the  Chinese  community.  It  is  called 
the  "China  Maid." 

At  Columbia,  Chinese  students  in  the 
University  of  Missouri,  have  started  the 
Chinese  Mercury,  a  quarterly  aiming  to 
"promote  a  deeper  and  cleared  under- 
standing between  China,  America,  and 
other  countries."  Its  editor  and  pub- 
lisher is  Yi-Siang  Chow,  student  of  jour- 
nalism at  the  university. 

In  New  York  City  a  group  of  stu- 
dents have  inaugurated  the  Chinese  Stu- 
dents' Voice.  It  is  a  monthly  of  general 
news  and  reviews  and  sells  at  five  cents 
a  copy. 


U.  OF  HAWAII  CHINESE 
PROFESSOR  TO  VISIT  MAINLAND 

Honolulu,  T.  H. — Prof.  Shao  Chang 
Lee,  professor  of  Chinese  history  and 
language  at  the  University  of  Hawaii 
since  1922,  will  vacation  for  a  month  on 
the  Pacific  Coast,  arriving  in  San  Fran- 
cisco about  July  12.  He  will  be  accom- 
panied by  his  wife. 

Professor  Lee  will  give  several  lectures 
and  attend  conferences  while  on  the  main- 
land. He  will  also  renew  acquaintance 
with  many  San  Francisco  Chinese  who 
have  not  seen  him  since  1920,  when  he 
left  here  after  two  years  as  executive  sec- 
retary of  the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  for  a 
sojourn  in  China. 

The  Chinese  educator  recently  com- 
pleted a  31  page  pamphlet  entitled 
"China:  Ancient  and  Modern,  a  con- 
spectus of  Chinese  History,"  which  was 
published  as  a  University  of  Hawaii 
Occasional  Paper  Number  33.  He  is  also 
the  compiler  of  a  valuable  chart  called 
"The  Development  of  Chinese  Culture," 


which  was  first  published  in  1926  and  has 
since  gone  into  several  editions.  The 
fourth  and  revised  edition  is  enclosed 
in  Prof.  Lee's  recent  bulletin  and  serves 
to  give  a  graphic  chronological  outline 
of  Chinese  history  from  2852  B.  C.  to 
1927  A.  D. 


How  is  the  second  generation  Chinese 
being  Americanized?  Read  "The  China- 
townian  Roams  Around"  and  see  how 
American  customs  are  swiftly  supplant- 
ing the  customs  of  old  China  in  their  daily 
life. 


New  York  City — While  working  in  the 
laundry  room  of  a  Grace  Liner,  Lee  Mon 
Tim,  30,  was  severely  injured  when  both 
his  hands  were  caught  in  a  machine.  Re- 
moved to  a  hospital  on  land,  the  doctors 
found  it  necessary  to  amputate  both 
hands.  Lee  was  later  given  $2000  com- 
pensation fee  by  the  steamship  company 
and  was  subsequently  shipped  back  to 
China. 


Portland  Chinatownians  selected  a  queen  of  their  own  to  reign  over  that  city's  recent  Rose  Festival,  and  her  coronation  took  place  at  the 
costume  ball  sponsored  by  the  China  Maid  Journal.  The  above  picture  shows  Queen  Marjorie  Chin  and  her  royal  escorts.  Back  row  from  left  to 
right — Warren  Mo,  Frank  Wong,  Elaine  Young,  Edgar  Lee  (the  queen's  consort  and  master  of  ceremonies! ,  Pearl  Lee,  James  Moc,  Wilson  Leong 
Center — Ellen   Leo,   Isabelle  Hong,  Queen  Marjorie,   Eva   Moe,  Audrey   Lee.    Front — Marian  Wing,  Louise  Su,  Howord  Ding,  Janet  Jue. 


July,   1937 


CHINESE      D I GEST 


Page  11 


CHINATOWNIA 


1936  CHINESE  IMMIGRATION 
FIGURES  FOR  S.  F.  RELEASED 

San  Francisco — During  1936  a  total  of 
1289  Chinese,  including  778  of  alien 
status  and  511  citizens,  left  the  port 
of  San  Francisco  for  China.  The  num- 
ber of  Chinese  who  came  in  during  the 
same  period,  however,  totaled  1710,  in- 
cluding 642  aliens  and  1068  citizens,  ac- 
cording to  recent  statistics  released  by 
the  local  immigration  authorities  and 
given  out  through  the  Chinese  Consulate 
General  here. 

During  the  same  year  22  Chinese  were 
denied  admittance  to  the  country,  while 
136  were  deported  through  this  port 
when  found  to  have  .been  in  the  U.  S. 
illegally. 

o 

ANNUAL  BABY 
SHOW   HELD 

New  York  City — The  second  annual 
baby  show  of  the  Chinese  community 
here  was  held  on  June  12.  It  was  at- 
tended by  Police  Commissioner  Valen- 
tine, Chinese  Consul  Yi-seng  Kiang, 
many  prominent  members  of  the  com- 
munity, Boy  Scout  officials,  social  work- 
ers, parents,  and  several  hundred  children 
of  the  East  Side  district. 

Preceding  the  selection  of  the  best 
Chinese  boy  and  girl  babies,  there  were 
athletic  events  and  a  musical  program. 
When  the  baby  contest  was  over  the  win- 
ners were  Calvin  Lee,  age  3,  and  Yee 
Yoke  Poy,  also  of  the  same  age.  The 
boy  wore  a  Chinese  costume  of  black 
jacket  and  turquoise  skirt.  On  his  head 
was  a  black  skull  cap  with  a  ruby  flower, 
while  his  feet  were  encased  in  white  shoes. 
The  little  girl,  however,  wore  a  simple  ging- 
ham frock  decorated  with  maroon,  green, 
and  blue  bells.  Both  were  crowned  "king" 
and  "queen"  and  reigned  for  a  day. 

The  baby  show  is  sponsored  annually 
by  the  Chinese  Community  Committee, 
headed  by  Thomas  Lee,  attorney. 


To  Obtain 
That  Weil-Groomed  Air 

SfxRocd  up,  with 

a  Ro&l  Suit 
Henry  Shue  Tom 

Chinese  Salesman   and   Representative 

At 

Market  at  Stockton 


AMERICAN   TRAINED 
MEN  NEEDED  IN  CHINA, 
SAYS  INSTITUTE 
DIRECTOR 

New  York  City — "Chinese  students 
who  are  studying  in  this  country  have 
interesting  but  strenuous  tasks  awaiting 
them  upon  their  return  to  their  home- 
land." This  is  the  observation  of  Chih 
Meng,  director  of  the  China  Institute  in 
America  here.  His  observation  is  based 
on  a  recent  trip  to  China,  where  he  spent 
several  months  visiting  various  sections 
of  the  country,  and  is  incorporated  in  an 
article  he  has  written  for  the  Chinese 
Christian  Student  bulletin. 

Chih  Meng  stated  that  qualified  men 
trained  in  the  various  fields  of  the  sci- 
ences and  engineering  are  in  demand,  as 
well  as  those  with  specialized  knowledge 
of  accounting,  statistics,  public  adminis- 
tration, banking,  and  social  welfare  organ- 
ization. 

"Merely  academic  training  is  not  suf- 
ficient," Mr.  Meng  wrote.  "It  is  desirable 
to  go  far  into  each  field  to  acquire  a 
comparative  viewpoint  ....  and  enough 
practical  experience  to  be  able  to  plan 
and  to  start  a  new  laboratory,  project  or 
institution,  or  to  teach  the  subject." 

The  China  Institute  director  said  that 
as  a  group  the  American-returned  stu- 
dents enjoy  an  enviable  reputation  in 
China  and  they  are  to  be  found  in  far 
corners  of  the  country  such  as  Sian, 
Nanning,  Suiyuan,  Chengtu,  and  Kun- 
ming. But,  he  warned,  "People  expect 
more  from  them  and  there  are  many  op- 
portunities which  call  for  the  pioneers, 
the  builders,  and  above  all,  those  who  are 
willing  to  do  'dirty'  work  and  remain 
unknown  heroes." 


Have  you  any  friends  who  would  enjoy 
reading  the  Chinese  Digest?  Send  us 
their  names  and  sample  copies  will  be 
mailed  to  them  with  your  compliments. 


I 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 
\ 

\ 
I 

i 

i 

I 


§1%GXU&Ul 

$cco*n+ncdlatia+i<L 

For  Clubs  and  Parties  I 

Good  Food  at  Moderate  Cost      I 

Booths  and  Banquet  Halls    ) 

FAR    EAST  CAFE 
631  Grant  Ave  China  1085   \ 


231  CHINESE  STUDENTS 
GRADUATE  FROM   HIGH 
SCHOOLS  AND  JUNIOR 
COLLEGE  IN  S.  F.  AND 
EAST  BAY 

San  Francisco — A  total  of  197  boys  and 
girls  graduated  from  two  junior  high 
schools,  seven  high  schools  and  the  S.  F. 
Junior  college  during  June.  The  two 
junior  high  schools,  Marina  and  Fran- 
cisco, accounted  for  61,  while  those  grad- 
uated from  Galileo,  Commerce,  Lowell, 
Girls'  High,  Mission,  Polytechnic,  and 
Sacred  Heart  totaled  55,  including  28 
girls  and  27  boys.  The  S.  F.  Junior 
college  awarded  diplomas  to  81  Chinese, 
including  35  girls  and  46  boys. 

In  the  East  Bay  34  boys  and  girls  grad- 
uated from  nine  high  schools,  including 
the  Berkeley,  Fremont,  Roosevelt,  San 
Leandro,  McClymonds,  Oakland,  Ala- 
meda, Washington,  and  Technical  high 
schools. 

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San  Francisco,  California 


Page  12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWNIAN 


[As  was  announced  in  our  last  issue,  this 
column  is  written  by  H.  K.  Wong,  popularly 
known  as  "H.  K."  When  this  column  first 
appeared  last  year  it  was  under  the  title  of 
"Knocking  Around."  This  later  evolved  to 
"Roaming  'Round  with  R.  R."  and  then  fin- 
ally to  the  present  title.  The  initials  "R.  R." 
are,  of  course,  the  abbreviation  of  "Roaming 
Reporter,"  which  aptly  describes  H.  K.'s  func- 
tion. 

Much  of  the  social  doings  and  spicy  gos- 
sips which  appear  in  this  column  is  person- 
ally gathered  by  H.  K.  Wong,  supplemented 
with  out-of-town  news  from  our  numerous  cor- 
respondents. Formerly  active  in  business  and 
local  club  activities,  H.  K.  is  at  present  the 
up-and-going  president  of  the  S.  F.  Chinese 
Tennis  Club  (Chitena) . — Editor.'] 

Well,  here's  July,  time  to  rush  out  of 
town,  shoot  fire-crackers,  get  sun-burnt 
and  have  lot's  of  fun  in  general  .... 
Watsonville  is  all  primed  for  a  grand 
Fourth  of  July  celebration.  Main  attrac- 
tion will  be  the  Celebration  Dance  by 
the  town's  Chinese  Boys'  club  in  Watson- 
ville's  new  Veteran's  Memorial  hall. 
Dance  chairman  Earl  Goon  reminds  us 
the  Cathayans'  Ork  will  play — and  don't 
forget  the  parade  the  next  morning. 

Out  of  towners  certainly  poured  into 
S.  F.  for  the  Golden  Gate  Bridge  Fiesta. 
Chinatown's  Grant  Ave.  was  so  heavy 
with  traffic  that  both  pedestrians  and  autos 
could  barely  crawl  along  ....  while 
the  Navy  planes  were  dropping  bombs 
off  the  Golden  Gate  we  were  all  shooting 
firecrackers  in  Portsmouth  Square  .... 
Chinatown's  float  was  a  reproduction  of 
the  famous  Loyang  bridge  and  won  ac- 
claim in  both  the  day  and  night  parades 
....  the  fair  maidens  on  the  float  were 
Vera  Lee,  Frances  Chung,  Foo  Gee  Chan, 
Eva  Woo,  Grace  Wong,  Lee  Gee  Chan, 
Genevieve  Jair,  Rose  Pon,  and  Elizabeth 
Woo  ....  the  petite  damsels  paddling 
the  dragon  boat  were  Filena  Jung,  Katie 
Woo,  Susie  Gong,  Mabel  Choy,  Flor- 
ence Yep,  and  Lilly  Wong.  Oh  the  front 
of  the  float,  smiling  for  the  spectators, 
were  Alice  Young,  Emma  Lee  and  Rose 
Lee.  Thomas  Lyn  directed  the  Cathay 
band  in  masterful  style  while  Thomas 
Lym  Jr.  stole  the  show  as  the  smallest 
band  major  in  the  whole  parade.  He  had 
all  the  women  sighing  for  him!  In  case 
you  don't  know,  he's  only  6  .  .  .  .  And 
Blossom  Tang  "knocked  their  eyes  out" 
when  she  led  the  night  parade  in  a  daz- 
zlingly  beautiful  Chinese  costume  .... 
The  S.  F.  Y.  W.  C.  A.  was  represented 
by  a  Chinese  girl,  Eva  Chan  ....  Thank 
you,  Marshal  Leland  Kimlau  for  making 
our  section  a  first  prize  winner! 


Eva  Jue,  Florence  B.  Eng,  Mabel 
Wong  and  Bessie  Kai  Kee  were  in  charge 
of  the  delightful  Waku  auxiliary  annual 
invitational  dance  at  the  Hotel  Leaming- 
ton in  Oakland.  The  peppy  ork  kept  the 
merry  folk  on  their  toes  while  the  prexy 
of  the  Waku  juniors,  Laura  Tom,  saw  to 
it  that  the  guests  enjoyed  themselves. 
....  The  Square  and  Circle  had  a 
dance  that  same  night,  too,  with  the 
Cathayans  on  deck,  at  the  N.  G.  G.  S. 
Hall  ....  Kenneth  Fung  of  the  C.  A. 
C.  A.  has  interested  many  civic  leaders 
in  his  effort  to  get  the  Chinese  playground 
lighted  up  at  night  ....  Nice  work, 
Mr.  Fung! 

W.  Fong  Yue,  prominent  business  man 
of  Sac'to,  has  built  a  new  home  for  his 
wife  (Grace  Lee)  on  Sixth  street,  facing 
South  Side  park.  It's  a  large  and  beauti- 
ful residence  of  Dutch  Colonial  design 
with  all  the  latest  conveniences,  including 
a  private  bar  and  dance  floor.  Mr.  Fong 
gave  a  Chinese  banquet  for  over  600 
guests  at  the  China  Tea  Garden,  and  im- 
mediately following  was  a  house  warming 
party  and  dancing  to  the  music  of  the 
Chinatown  Knights.  Business  men  and 
young  people  from  S.  F.  and  Oakland 
attended  the  event. 

Peter  Chan,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry 
Leong  (Alice  Chin),  Willee  'Hop'  Lee, 
and  Frank.  Yee  were  recent  vacationists 
at  L.  A.  A  high  lite  of  the  trip  was  a 
jaunt  to  Lake  Arrowhead.  They  drove 
not  one,  but  two  cars  down!  ....  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Edwar  Lee,  Dr.  Jacob  Yee, 
and  L.  David  Lee  celebrated  the  wedding 
anniversary  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pardee  Lowe 
at  the  couple's  Berkeley  home.  Popular 
Clark  Ung  marched  up  the  aisle  with 
Margaret  Fong  at  the  St.  John's  church 
in  L.  A.  Sorry,  Clarkie,  I  couldn't  make 
the  trip  south  for  the  event!  ....  The 
L.  A.  Chinese  Tennis  Club  sent  a  large 
squad  of  players  here  for  the  inter-city 
match  and  helped  us  celebrate  the  Fiesta 
also.  Members  were  Hamilton  Gee,  Elmer 
Chee,  Don  debock,  Jack  Lee,  Harding 
Wong,  Tong  Jue,  Milton  Quon,  Walter 
Woo,  George  Tong,  Ted  Ung,  John  Sing, 
June  Lau,  Mamie  Sing,  Lucille  Lee,  Nel- 
lie Lew,  Ling  Chew,  and  Violet  Leong. 
The  Chitena  gave  them  a  picnic  and  a 
dinner.  Call  again,  L.  A.!  Li  Tei  Ming, 
songstress,  surprised  Chinese  villagers 
one  Sat.  night  with  two  lovely  rendi-* 
tions  ....  Victor  MacLaglen  of  the 
movies  was  there  one  nite,  too  .... 
Dr.  C.  Y.  Low's  Chinese  pagoda  cocktail 
lounge  opened  in  time  for  the  Fiesta 
....  and  Pete  Choy  entered  the  place 
one  nite  when  the  wedding  march  was 
being  played.   He  was  quite  embarrassed 


because  he  had  TWO  girls  hanging  on 
his  arms!  ....  Another  new  drink 
lounge  (bucolic  friends  please  notice)  is 
the  Jade  palace  owned  by  Joe  Knox  and 
managed  by  Fred  Gunn  Wong.  A  unique 
feature  is  the  multi-colored  fountain 
with  ever  changing  shades  of  colors,  a 
last  word  in  color  harmony.  Ruth  Ko, 
formerly  of  Ammonia,  Calif.,  is  cocktail 
hour  hostess,  while  Leo  Lee  is  head  man 
behind  the  bar  .... 

....  Thomas  W.  Chinn  has  opened 
a  linotyping  plant  on  57  Brenham  Place 
and  has  informed  the  public  he  is  special- 
izing in  English  linotyping  of  all  kinds. 
Good  luck,  Tommy!  .... 

Sac'to  has  a  new  club,  the  Wa  Yen 
and  has  over  40  boys  and  girls  as  mem- 
bers. It  started  off  with  a  Skating  party 
and  is  planning  a  basketball  team  .... 
A  certain  Sac'to  gal  will  soon  cheer  up, 
for  they  tell  me  Albert  Ow  is  returning 
from  China. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kay  Jue  (nee  Esther 
Yee  of  S.  F.)  of  Minneapolis  are  visitors 
in  town  for  the  summer.  They  drove  out 
by  easy  stages  for  what  I  would  say  was 
their  second  honeymoon  ....  Mr.  Jue 
is  consulting  engineer  with  a  farm  imple- 
ment firm  there  ....  Peppy  and  used- 
to-be-deadeye-dick  Eugene  "Sinker" 
Wong  of  Seattle  came  to  S.  F.  for  a 
brief  visit  with  the  Mrs.  (Irene  Chan) 
who  will  stay  in  our  mild  climate  for 
the  summer  ....  Jimmy  Lee,  "Skinny" 
to  his  friends,  had  a  nice  position  as  head 
track  coach  at  the  Nam  Mow  high  school 
in  China.  He  had  1400  students  under 
him,  but  he  grew  so  homesick  for  San 
Francisco  and  San  Mateo  that  he  chucked 
the  job  and  came  back  here.  Brother 
Sammy  came  back  with  him,  too  .... 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  You  (Rebecca 
Chow)  recently  gave  a  house  warming 
party  at  their  new  home  in  San  Jose 
....  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Albert  Quon  of 
San  Diego  are  celebrating,  for  at  last 
the  stork  has  brought  them  a  boy.  Now 
his  three  sisters  will  have  to  take  a  back 
seat,  for  as  the  proud  papa  says,  "It's  an 
old  Chinese  custom,  one  boy  at  least!" 
Congrat,  Mr.  Quon;  let  Eddie  Cantor  in 
on  your  secret!   .... 

May  Owyang  of  S.  F.  was  a  house  guest 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  T.  K.  Wang  of  San 
Diego  during  her  visit  there  ....  Is 
it  true  that  Harry  Leong  is  now  blue  be- 
cause Jane  Quon  of  San  Diego  left  for 
L.  A.?  Don't  worry,  love  will  find  a 
way!  ....  The  S.  D.  Chinese  Youth 
Ass'n  gave  a  weeny  roast  and  beach  party 
at  Mission  beach  one  warm  nite  .... 
Mildred  Wong  of  Calexico  and  Harry 
(Continued  on  p.  14) 


m 


July,   1937 


CHINESE     D  I  GEST 


Pag*  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


WORK  OF  TWO  CHINESE 
ARTISTS  SELECTED   FOR 
PARIS  EXPOSITION 

San  Francisco — Twenty-one  prints  and 
water-colors  by  two  local  Chinese  artists 
working  on  the  Federal  art  project  have 
been  chosen  to  be  sent  for  exhibition 
this  summer  at  the  Paris  exposition. 
Works  of  a  dozen  American  artists  on 
the  same  project  were  also  selected  for 
this  exhibition. 

Six  of  the  21  prints  and  water-colors 
are  by  Chee  Chin  S.  Cheung  Lee,  who 
recently  created  much  favorable  com- 
ment on  his  water-colors  when  he  gave 
a  one-man  exhibition. 

The  remaining  16  works  are  by  Dong 
Kingman,  another  water-colorist  who  has 
also  won  wide  admiration  for  his  crea- 
tions through  several  recent  art  shows. 
(See  Chi.  Dig.,  Jan.   1937). 

o 

AGED  CHINESE  WAYLAID, 
TORTURED  BY  ROBBERS 

Portland,  Ore. — Two  white  men  held 
up  89-year-old  Chin  Soo  on  a  deserted 
street,  searched  him  thoroughly  but 
couldn't  find  any  money.  Chin  Soo  pro- 
tested that  he  was  a  poor  old  man  and 
did  not  have  any  money  but  the  robbers 
would  not  believe  him.  Suspecting  that 
he  hid  his  funds  in  a  secret  pocket,  they 
threatened,  then  beat  him  on  the  head. 
When  the  aged  man  still  protested  that 
he  had  no  money,  one  of  the  robbers  light- 
ed a  candle  and  began  to  burn  the  sole  of 
Chin  Soo's  right  foot. 

Unable  to  withstand  this  torture  by 
fire,  Chin  Soo  finally  reached  into  an  in- 
ner pocket  and  yielded  all  the  money 
he  had.   It  was  only  ten  cents. 


LAKE  TAHOE 
CONFERENCE  NEAR 

San  Francisco — For  the  fifth  consec- 
utive year  Chinese  youths  from  several 
cities  in  California  will  meet  at  Zephyr 
Point,  Lake  Tahoe,  for  the  annual  Chi- 
nese young  people's  Conference,  August 
5  to  15.  This  year's  program  will  be 
centered  on  young  people's  participation 
in  round  table  discussions  and  not  on 
faculty  lectures,  as  was  done  in  previous 
years. 

The  conference  theme  adopted  is  "Be- 
yond the  Pagoda,"  stressing  the  building 
of  Christian  ideals  on  Chinese  civilization. 
There  will  be  five  round  table  forums 
with  each  meeting  consecutively  through- 
out the  week.  A  select  faculty  will  serve 
as  resource  leaders. 


The  Chinese  Art  Club  of  New  York  held  the 
first  Chinese  Children's  Art  Exhibition  in 
America  in  that  city  from  May  22  to  June 
20.  A  total  of  124  paintings,  water-colors, 
drawings,  calligraphy,  and  sculptures  by  chil- 
dren ranging  in  age  from  2/4  to  16  were 
shown.  The  prize  winning  color  drawing  shown 
above  was  executed  by  E.  Jung,  age  15.  The 
lower  picture  shows  a  group  of  girls  who  par- 
ticipated in  the  exhibition  at  the  refreshment 
table. 


Mr.  T.  Y.  Tang  is  conference  dean, 
Edwar  Lee  is  presiding  officer  and  L. 
David  Lee  is  registrar.  Registrations 
should  be  sent  in  immediately  to  insure 


adequate    accommodations,    it    has    been 
announced. 

Some  of  the  social  features  of  the  com- 
ing conference  will  be  folk  games  every 
evening,  amateur  music  night,  stunt  night, 
swimming,  boating,  horseback  riding, 
track  and  field  meet,  tennis  and  volley 
ball  tournaments,  nightly  news  broad- 
casts, and  noonday  initiations. 

Shao  Chang  Lee,  Professor  of  Chinese 
History  and  Language  at  the  University 
of  Hawaii,  has  sent  word  that  he  intends 
to  attend  the  conference  and  may  deliver 
a  special  talk.  L.  P.  L. 
o 

San  Francisco — The  Kuomintang  sev- 
enth annual  excursion  is  scheduled  for 
Sunday,  July  11.  The  destination  will 
be  Big  Tree,  and  several  hundred  men, 
women,  and  children  are  expected  to  make 
the  excursion. 

o 

Washington,  D.  C. — The  Chinese 
Students'  club  here  held  a  welcome  re- 
ception dinner  in  honor  of  Ambassador 
C.  T.  Wang  and  his  two  daughters  on 
June  16.  The  Ambassador  gave  an  in- 
spiring speech  in  which  he  discussed  the 
vocation  and  avocation  of  students. 

San  Francisco — The  Chinese  Educa- 
tional Association,  composed  of  principals 
and  instructors  of  the  Chinese  language 
schools,  voted  at  a  recent  meeting  to  issue 
transfer  slips  to  pupils  who  wish  to 
change  from  one  school  to  another. 
Heretofore  this  has  not  been  done. 


£etted*ecM? 
YES  SIR! 

The  Very  Best  .  .  . 
And  Reasonable  Prices 

• 

Write  P.  U.  C.  Press 
Angwin,  California 

• 

Printers  of  the  CHINESE   DIGEST 


HOWELL 

.,DOUGLASS&CO. 

New  York  Stock  Excho 
San  Francisco  Curb  E 

Members 
nge       San  Franciscc 
xchange        Chicago 

i  Stock  Exchange 
Stock  Exchange 

317 

Montgomery,  225  Columbus 

SAN  FRANCISCO 
Ave. 

Telephone  Douglas  0131 

PALO  ALTO,  561  Ramona  St. 

NEW  YORK,  40  Wall  St. 

Page  14 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


July,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


tf-ine&icud&esti. 


Or  Letters  to  the  Editor 


To  the  Editor,  Chinese  Digest: 

I  read  with  great  interest  the  article  en- 
titled "I  covered  the  Picket  Lines"  by 
L.  A.  H.  as  well  as  your  editorial  in  the 
June  issue.  It  pleased  me  to  note  that 
both  the  article  and  your  editorial  implies 
the  need  for  unionization  among  Chinese 
workers. 

Your  editorial  sends  out  a  "clarion  call" 
for  other  unions  in  San  Francisco  and  in 
the  state  of  California  to  emulate  the 
Culinary  Unions  in  "permitting"  Chinese 
workers  into  their  membership. 

The  organization  which  I  represent, 
the  International  Ladies'  Garment  Work- 
ers Union,  would  not  only  "permit" 
Chinese  to  become  part  of  its  member- 
ship, but  would  welcome  them  with  open 
arms.  For  some  time,  now,  we  have  plead- 
ed with  your  "fellow- villagers,"  kinsmen, 
and  friends  to  join  our  Union  and  to  re- 
ceive our  support  in  establishing  higher 
wages  and  shorter  working  hours  among 
the  needle  workers  in  the  Chinese  com- 
munity. 

Our  Union,  internationally,  never  had 
any  racial  barriers.  We  have  always  held 
that  yellow,  white,  or  black,  workers  all 
have  the  same  problems!  Whatever  their 
creed,  race,  or  color,  workers  need  the 
protection  of  organization  if  they  are  to 
receive  wages  which  will  guarantee  decent 
living  conditions  for  themselves  and  their 
families.  Where  workers  are  unorgan- 
ized, supply  and  demand,  hunger  and 
need  are  the  only  laws  which  govern  em- 
ployment conditions  and  wages. 

Garment  workers  in  the  Chinese  com- 
munity, we  are  told,  work  for  wages  rang- 
ing from  $4  and  $5  to  between  $13  and 
$16  a  week.  In  the  same  industry,  union 
workers  receive  from  $19  to  $30  a  week 
for  a  shorter  work  week.  The  difference 
in  wages  in  the  Chinese  .  community  is 
not  due  to  the  fact  that  the  workers  are 
Chinese!  It  is  due  to  the  fact  that  they 
are  not  organized,  that  they  have  no  col- 
lective bargaining  power,  that  they  stand 
as  individuals  and  consequently  suffer 
from  underbidding  and  exploitation. 

The  conditions  of  the  Chinese  garment 
workers  in  San  Francisco  differ  from  that 
under  which  Chinese  are  employed  else- 
where in  that  they  work  for  Chinese  "em- 
ployers" who  are  themselves  employees,  or 
contractors,  for  the  large  American  man- 
ufacturers. The  Chinese  "employers"  or 
contractors  need  organization  as  much  as 
their  workers  do.  They  act  as  individuals. 
The  manufacturer  pits  one  against  the 


other  in  his  attempt  to  get  a  low  price. 
The  result  is  that  each  contractor  is 
forced  to  underbid  the  other.  In  turn, 
the  contractor,  because  he  receives  so  little 
from  the  manufacturer,  must  pay  little 
to  his  workers.  The  Chinese  garment 
workers  live  in  poverty  and  insecurity  not 
because  they  are  Chinese,  but  because 
they  still  work  under  a  system  in  which 
each  stands  weak  and  alone. 

The  International  Ladies'  Garment 
Workers'  Union  not  only  "permits,"  but 
pleads  with  Chinese  garment  workers  to 
join  our  organization,  to  help  abolish  low 
wages  and  cutthroat  labor  competition. 
We  are  asking  all  progressive  Chinese, 
to  whom  the  welfare  of  the  community  is 
a  serious  concern,  to  help  us  in  interpret- 
ing the  meaning  of  unionization  to  Chi- 
nese workers  so  that  they  may  understand 
the  purpose  of  organization  and  share  in 
the  benefits  which  come  with  organization 
— good  working  conditions  and  a  wage 
adequate  to  provide  a  decent  standard  of 
living.  Sincerely, 

Jennie  Matyas, 
Organizer    and    Educational 
Director     International     La- 
dies'    Garment     Workers' 
Union. 
(See  Editorial  Notes.) 

o 

CHINATOWN  IAN 
ROAMS  AROUND 

(Continued  from  p.  13) 
Loo  are  having  a  swell  time  together. 
San  Dieo's  Mei  Wah  club  had  their  first 
annual  dinner  dance  at  the  Cathay  Tea 
Tavern,  with  officers  Gilbert  Quon,  Albert 
Lee,  Florence  Quon,  and  Edwin  Lowe 
seeing  to  the  comfort  of  the  guests  .... 
a  crowd  of  350  attended  the  S.  D.  $ 
Store  picnic  at  Flynn  Springs  ....  The 
President  Hoover  sailed  again,  this  time 
with  Rev.  Lee  Yick  Soo  of  Alameda  on 
board  for  a  pleasure  trip,  Harvey  Tom  of 
Vallejo  for  some  intensive  schooling  at 
Pui  Ching,  Ernest  Wing  of  Hanford  for  a 
visit,  Joe  Wong  returning  to  Honolulu, 
and  Ambassador  S.  K.  Alfred  Sze  re- 
porting back  to  Nanking.  .  .  .  Kim 
On  Chong  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  and  Doro- 
thy Low  of  Pasadena  also  on  board. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  K.  Chan  believe  in 
going  a  long  way  to  play  golf — from 
here  to  Sac'to,  and  it  was  hot  there,  too! 
....  School  is  out  for  Long  Lym  of 
Cal,  and  he  is  practicing  his  tennis  strokes 
at  the  Golden  Gate  park  court.  .  .  . 
Our  Fresno  scribe,  Allen  Lew,  reports 
the  students  at  the  Chinese  Confucian 
church  school  have  just  organized  a  club. 
The  club  gave  a  dance  at  the  Chinese 
center  on  June  9.  .  .  . 


Portland  correspondent  Edgar  Lee  re- 
ports visitors  from  north  and  south 
poured  into  the  city  for  the  recent  Rose 
Festival.  High  lights  of  the  celebration 
were  the  Fioral  parade,  the  Merrykhana 
parade,  in  which  the  Chinese  entries  won 
second  and  third  prizes,  and  the  China 
Maid  costume  ball,  in  which  Lalun  Chin 
won  the  prize  for  wearing  the  most  beauti- 
ful costume.  .  .  .  Familiar  faces  seen 
during  the  festival  were  those  of  Jar.ie, 
Charles,  Bill,  and  Amy  Koe,  Frances  Loo 
of  S.  F.,  Dorothy  Lee  of  Donald,  Jack 
Wong  and  Jimmy  Mar  from  Seattle,  and 
Young  Lee  of  Corvallis.  .  .  . 

And  here  are  some  latest  items  from 
our  Hollywood  man,  Frank.  Tang:  Ches- 
ter Gan  has  signed  with  Warner  Broth- 
ers to  appear  in  the  "King  of  Rio  Gran- 
de," starring  Dick  Foran.  .  .  .  Columbia 
will  soon  be  releasing  "The  Black  Tor- 
rent," a  story  with  North  China  as  the 
background,  and  starring  Jack  Holt  and 
Mae  Clark.  Richard  Loo  plays  the  lead- 
ing Chinese  part,  as  a  general.  .  .  .  M. 
G.  M.  will  soon  put  "The  Adventures  of 
Marco  Polo"  into  production  if  no  dif- 
ficulties arise.  .  .  .  The  majority  of  Hol- 
lywood's Chinese  actors  who  are  active 
in  picture  making  have  joined  the  Screen 
Actors'  Guild.  .  .  . 

The  Mei  Lan  Club  of  Bakersfield  gave 
their  fifth  annual  dance  in  the  Spanish 
ballroom  of  the  swanky  Hotel  El  Tejon, 
with  many  out  of  towners  attending. 
Gracious  hostess  was  Mary  Sue,  prexy  of 
the  club,  and  the  Lum  sisters,  Pauline, 
Edith,  and  Helen  with  May  Ko  were  on 
deck  early  to  welcome  the  guests.  Frank 
Toy  took  a  candid  shot  of  the  cocktail 
lounge  during  the  intermission.  .  .  .  One 
certain  gentleman  did  not  appear  in  the 
picture  because  he  was  under  the  table! 
P.  S. — he  wasn't  drunk:  just  hiding  from 
the  camera  and  playing  safe!  .  .  .  Dur- 
ing the  girls'  tag  dance,  the  whole  Leong 
family  of  Bakersfield  "ganged  up"  on 
a  certain  long-legged  hopper  from  S.  F. 
One  after  another  they  tagged  him  with 
the  intention  of  wearing  him  down  to  a 
whisper.  But  he  fooled  em  all.  for  min- 
ute by  minute  he  got  going  better  and 
better;  in  fact,  he  told  me  he  was  just 
warming  up  when  the  gang-uppers  called 
it  quits!  .  .  .  Returning  Frisco  bovs  told 
me  with  that  far  away  look  in  their  eves 
that  the  Kern  River  park  is  a  verv.  very 
romantic  spot  on  those  warm  moonlit 
nites.  .  .  .  How's  about  it,  girls? 

Sadie  Sam   returned   to    her    home    in 
Fresno  for  a  short  vacation.  She  has  been 
studying  art  in  L.  A.  .  .  .  Another  va- 
cationist there  is  Philip  Chinn  of  Cal.  He 
(Continued  on  p.  17) 


l\**e 


July,  1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  15 


SPORTS 


(For  the  past  several  issues  this  column 
has  been  without  a  department  editor  due 
to  the  resignation  of  Fred  G.  Woo.  This 
month,  however,  we  have  as  guest  editor 
and  guest  associate  editor  William  L.  Gee 
and  Davisson  Lee,  respectively,  who  have 
responded  to  our  call  for  a  couple  of  live- 
wire  and  enthusiastic  sports  writers.  The 
two  young  men  are  active  in  Chinatown 
sports  activities,  especially  in  the  field  of 
tennis.  Since  this  column  is  widely  read 
by  every  sports  loving  Chinatownian  we 
feel  very  fortunate  in  having  this  Gee-Lee 
combination  to  conduct  this  month's 
sports  column.  They  may  become  regular 
editors  of  this  particular  department — 
Editor.) 


CENTER  WINS  GAME 
TO  TAKE  SERIES 

Oakland — On  June  13  th  at  Oakland, 
the  Oakland  Chinese  Center  Softball 
players  pounced  upon  the  offerings  of 
Lanky  Hing  to  bat  a  9-6  win  over  the 
San  Francisco  Softball  Club  and  annex 
the  series  three  out  of  five.  Although 
Hing  hurled  a  good  game  his  teammates 
failed  to  give  him  the  necessary  support. 
A  last  inning  rally  by  the  Softball  Club 
failed.  A  large  crowd  turned  out  for  the 
game  and  the  barbecue  that  preceded  the 
contest. 


BADMINTON  RESULTS 
BETWEEN    CENTRAL 

Y  AND  CHINESE 

The  Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.'s  newly  or- 
ganized badminton  team,  captained  by 
Won  Loy  Chan,  battled  against  the  more 
experienced  Central  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Amer- 
ican players  recently.  In  the  first  match 
the  Chinese  team,  paced  by  Lyman  Lowe, 
top  ranking  player,  put  up  a  stiff  fight 
before   being  nosed  out   by   the   Central 

Y  players  5-4. 

In  the  return  match,  however,  the 
Chinese  team  won  in  the  mixed  doubles 
and  men's  doubles,  losing  in  the  women's 
doubles.  The  Chinese  team  won  the 
return  match  by  6-3. 

The  Chinese  badminton  contingent  is 
composed  of  Janet  Hoo,  Peony  Wong, 
May  Lee,  Bessie  Lee,  Lyman  Lowe, 
George  Li,  Won  Loy  Chan,  Fay  Lowe, 
George  Chung,  Esther  Jung,  Bob  Poon, 
end  Waite  Ng,  while  the  American  team 
has  Mike  Collin,  Jack  and  Dorothy 
Sprague,  Violet  and  Ivor  Prout,  Ruby 
Brannan,  Genevieve  Brannan,  Claire 
McDarmid,  and  Perce-Brennan.  In  the 
return  match  Bob  Poon  and  Waite  Ng 
were  unable  to  play  as  the  former  acci- 
dentally injured  his  hand,  while  the  latter 
broke  her  glasses. 


BRIDGE  FANS  PLAN 
DUPLICATE  TOURNEY 

Chinatown  supporters  of  the  various 
systems  of  bridge  will  have  a  chance  to 
test  the  merits  of  their  respective  schools 
in  the  first  Chinese  Open  Pair  Duplicate 
Contract  Bridge  Tournament.  The  af- 
fair, scheduled  for  Sunday  afternoon, 
July  11,  at  1:30  P.  M.,  is  open  to  all 
Chinese  bridge  players.  Silver  cups  will 
be  awarded  to  the  winners  as  evidences  of 
their  skill.  Entries  may  register  at  the 
Hall's  Sport  Shop.  A  small  entry  fee 
will  be  charged.  For  further  information 
inquire  of  Mrs.  Hattie  Hall  at  876  Sac- 


ST.  MARY'S 
WINS  FOR  CYO 

Robert  Lum,  fast  and  scrappy  St. 
Mary's  boxer,  won  the  105  pound  class 
title  of  the  Pacific  Ass'n  Novice  tourna- 
ment when  he  decisioned  Alfred  Sanchez 
in  the  finals.  Lum,  coached  by  Sammy 
Lee,  showed  a  great  left  and  a  willing- 
ness to  mix  it.  Although  he  met  Sanchez 
in  the  finals,  Lum  declared  that  the  tough- 
est opponent  he  fought  on  his  way  to 
the  crown  was  Mitone,  a  Japanese  bat- 
tler. Lum  entered  the  semi-finals  of  the 
tournament  with  Harold  Lee  and  Albert 
Lee  to  help  the  C.  Y.  O.  win  the  team 
title.  Harold  Lee  lost  a  close  decision 
to  Viola  who  went  on  to  win  the  135 
pound  title.  Albert  Lee  was  also  deci- 
sioned after  a  hard  fought  battle  that  was 
nip  and  tuck  up  to  the  last  round.  Coach 
Sammy  Lee  may  well  pat  himself  on  the 
back  for  the  fine  showing  his  boys  made. 

PLAYGROUND  GIRLS 
ENTER  TENNIS 
SEMI-FINALS 

Jennie  Chew,  first  ranking  girl  player 
of  Chitena,  and  Henrietta,  Jung,  dimin- 
utive Chinese  ranking  tennis  star  of  Cali- 
fornia, fought  their  way  into  the  semi- 
finals of  the  S.  F.  Recreational  League 
under  the  colors  of  the  Chinese  Play- 
ground. 

The  two  Chinese  girls  defeated  players 
coached  by  Howard  Kinsey,  nationally 
famed  tennis  coach,  to  enter  the  rounds 
of  four. 

Jennie  Chew,  stated  Coach  Fred  Mah, 
is  just  getting  into  her  stride  while  Miss 
Jung  has  made  tremendous  improvement 
all  around.  Other  Chinatown  entries  in- 
cluded Flora  Look,  who  has  been  playing 
only  three  months,  and  is  showing  excep- 
tional abilities,  and  Phyllis,  sister  of  Hen- 
rietta Jung,  who  lost  only  after  a  hot 
battle  to  the  defending  champion  of  her 
class. 


C.  S.  C.  BEATS  OAKLAND 
CENTER  TWICE 

The  San  Francisco  Softball  Club 
chalked  up  two  games  over  Chinese 
Center  at  the  M.  S.  Hayward  Playground 
to  even  up  the  series  with  the  Oakland 
team,  Sunday,  June  6.  In  the  opener, 
Bob  Poon  pitched  an  8-6  win  that  showed 
up  a  smart,  snappy  infield  for  the  S.  F. 
Club.  The  laughs  and  thrills  were  fur- 
nished in  the  second  game  that  was  only 
decided  by  a  last  inning  rally  on  the  part 
oi  San  Francisco.  Alvin  Chin  pounded 
out  a  homer  and  a  double  to  show  the 
best  hitting  form  of  the  day  in  the  night 
cap. 


SPORT 
SHORTS 

Into  local  Chinese  sports  now  enters  the 
ancient  art  of  fencing.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
is  offering  a  course  in  thrusts  and  parries 
with  Mr.  Ilin,  a  former  fencing  instruc- 
tor of  the  Russian  army,  as  the  director  of 
the  class. 

Ted  Ung,  the  tenth  ranking  player  of 
the  L.  A.  Tennis  Club  is  also  a  softball 
pitcher  of  no  mean  ability.  He  struck 
out  eleven  S.  F.  batters  in  an  exhibition 
same  to  prove  his  prowess.  Furthermore, 
Ted  is  quarterback  for  the  L.  A.  Chinese 
football  squad,  a  track  man  who  can 
travel  the  100  yards  under  ten  seconds 
and  an  amateur  boxing  champion  who 
won  his  title  via  the  knockout  route. 

Ricky  Lum  and  Lucille  Jung  entered 
the  finals  of  the  S.  F.  J.  C.  mixed  doubles 
tennis  tournament  only  to  lose  the  college 
title  after  a  hot  battle  because,  it  was 
said,  of  poor  officiating.  The  spectators 
conceded  the  Chinese  were  a  far  superior 
team  than  their  opponents  and  that  they 
should  be  the  new  jaysee  champs. 

The  Eastern  Bakery  softball  team,  last 
year's  S.  F.  champs,  called  it  a  day  when 
the  maritime  strike  of  the  Pacific  Coast 
ended.  Quite  a  few  of  its  players  were 
Hawaiian  seamen  who  were  stranded  by 
the  tie-up  and  went  home  when  shipping 
was  again  normal.  However,  the  remain- 
ing may  bob  up  any  day  now  with  a  few 
substitutes  to  once  more  take  their  place 
on  the  diamond. 

The  San  Francisco  Chinese  Playground 
is  offering  free  instruction  in  tennis  for 
the  public.  The  players  are  requested 
to  bring  their  equipment.  The  days  are 
Tuesday  and  Thursday  afternoons.  Be- 
sides tennis,  the  Playground  is  sponsor- 
ing paddle-tennis,  checkers,  ping-pong, 
and  other  types  of  tournaments  to  be  run 
off  during  vacation. 


Page  16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,  1937 


SPORTS 


Frank    Jowe,    Pistol    Champ. 

i See  story  elsewhere  on  this 

page) 


Jennie  Chew,  top-ranking  Chinese  net  star  and 
S.  F.  girls'  city  champion,  who  helped  to  defeat  the 
Los  Angeles  Chinese  team  at  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 


FRANK  JOWE  WINS 
PISTOL  SHOOTING 
CHAMPIONSHIP 

Washington,  D.  C. — A  sharpshooting 
Los  Angeles  Chinese,  Frank  Jowe,  7519 
Sunset  boulevard,  becomes  the  nation's 
leading  tyro  pistol  shot  for  the  1937  in- 
door postal  series  by  placing  first  in  the 
two  scheduled  tyro  events  of  the  nation- 
wide competitions  carried  on  by  the  Na- 
tional Rifle  Association.  For  his  cham- 
pionship scores  of  380  x  400  in  the  50 
foot  slow  fire  event  and  378  in  the  20 
yard  match,  Jowe  receives  the  gold  medal 
award  of  the  N.  R.  A.,  the  highest  award 
to  be  made  in  the  national  series. 

Jowe's  decisive  twenty-one  point  lead 
over  his  nearest  competitor  in  the  two 
matches  gives  him  undisputed  claim  to  the 
leadership  of  the  tyro  class — a  name  in 
the  N.  R.  A.  classification  indicating  the 
newcomers  to  national  competition  who 
have  not  previously  won  a  trophy  or  com- 
petition medal  in  the  national  series.  By 
placing  in  this  event,  Jowe  now  takes  his 
place  among  the  Who's  Who  of  the 
shooting   fraternity. 

The  postal  matches,  with  some  twenty- 
five  hundred  entrants,  are  carried  on  un- 
der the  direct  supervision  of  the  National 
Rifle  Association,  the  governing  body  of 
the  quarter  of  a  million  target  shooters  in 
this  country.  All  firing  is  done  under  ap- 
proved courses  of  fire  on  registered  targets 
sent  directly  from  the  Washington  offices 
and  later  returned  for  official  scoring. 

1937  CHINESE  TENNIS 

CHAMPIONSHIP 

TOURNAMENT 

Speculations  run  high  as  to  who  shall 
emerge  victorious  in  the  coming  Chinese 
Pacific  Tennis  Tournament,  July  31  to 
August  15. 

In  the  men's  singles  it  might  be  de- 
fending champion  Tahmie  Chinn;  or  the 


winner  of  the  1937  Spring  Tournament, 
Peter  Gee;  perhaps  an  up  and  coming 
young  player  such  as  Ricky  Lum,  who  has 
knocked  over  several  of  the  top  notchers; 
then  there's  Ben  Chu,  who  has  always 
been  a  local  favorite.  The  North  has  her 
champion  in  Edgar  Lee,  and  Los  An- 
geles with  versatile  Hamilton  Gee  and 
sma-rhing  Elmer  Chee,  and  scores  of 
others. 

The  women's  singles  are  thrown  wide 
open  due  to  the  absence  of  both  finalists 
of  last  year,  Erline  Lowe  and  Mary  Chan. 
Most  prominent  are  Jennie  Chew,  holder 
of  three  titles  including  the  1937  Spring 
Tournament,  runner-up  Lucille  Jung, 
hard  hitting  Hattie  Flail,  southpaw  Hen- 
rietta Jung,  and  diminutive  Waite  Ng. 
We  cannot  forget  Los  Angeles's  June  Lau 
and  Mamie  Sing;  Vallejo's  Emma  Wong, 
Menlo  Park's  Alice  Chew;  Salinas'  Maye 
Chung;  and  San  Jose's  Esther  Chow. 

Ben  Chu  and  Faye  Lowe  are  again  de- 
fending their  title  in  the  men's  doubles, 
while  it's  Mary  and  Wahso  Chan  in  the 
mixed  doubles. 

There  is  a  possiblity  of  having  a  wo- 
men's doubles  if  there  are  sufficient  en- 
tries. 

This  tournament  is  sponsored  jointly  by 
the  San  Francisco  Lodge  of  the  Chinese 
American  Citizens  Alliance  and  the  S.  F. 
Chinese  Tennis  Club.  It  will  be  under 
the  directorship  of  the  tournament  com- 
mittee of  the  tennis  club.  The  Commit- 
tee urges  all  Chinese  players  to  enter  this 
one  big  tennis  contest  of  the  year.  They 
report  that  there  was  a  favorable  number 
of  entries  in  the  Spring  Tournament  and 
they  expect  twice  as  many  to  enter  in  this 
one.  Entry  blanks  will  be  sent  to  all 
previous  entrants  and  to  anyone  who  re- 
quests them.  Entries  will  close  promptly 
at  5  P.  M.,  Tuesday,  July  28.  The  draw- 
ing will  be  held  2  p.m.  at  Hall's  Sport 
Shop  and  play  will  begin  Saturday,  July 


15,  and  will  continue  till  Sunday,  August 
15,  on  which  day  the  finals  of  all  events 
will  be  held. 


CHINESE  BEATS 
FRANCISCO  JUNIOR  HI 

The  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  lightweight 
swimmers  coached  by  Bill  Jow  splashed 
their  way  to  a  82  l/2  -56%  victory  over  the 
North  Beach  school  team  recently.  The 
Chinese  sewed  up  their  win  by  garnering 
eight  firsts  with  Henry  Yee  and  Lai  Chor 
accounting  for  two  each.  Double  winner 
for  the  losers  was  Parise  in  the  80  pound 
group.  Parise  led  Lai  Wing  and  Harold 
Ong  in  a  close  finish  to  accomplish  the 
fact. 


The  San  Francisco  Chinese  Tennis 
Club  has  had  a  most  successful  season, 
having  been  undefeated  in  eight  inter- 
club  matches  and  winning  their  "Big 
Game"  match  with  the  Chinese  of  Los 
Angeles  decisively. 

The  following  is  their  record  to  date: 
March  14 — Chitena,  4;  Burlingame  4 
April  4 — Chitena,  4;  U.  S.  Navy,  0 
April   1 1 — Chitena,  9;  Salinas,  5 
April  18 — Chitena,  6;  Bella  Vista,  4 
April  25 — Chitena,  11;  Sacramento,  2 
April  28 — Chitena,  5;  San  Mateo  J.  C,  3 
May  8— Chitena,  7;  U.  S.  F.,  1 
May  30 — Chitena,  18;  Los  Angeles,  3 

CLASSIFIED 


INSURANCE 


Alfred    B.  Chong 

INSURANCE 

111    Sutter   St  Sutter   2995 

ONFURNIESHED    APARTMENT    FOR     RENT    762 

Stockton    St.,    Light     Gas    and    Water    included. 

Single,    $7.00   mo.     Double   rooms   $1400!    Triple, 

$21.00.  Hours-  10:00  A.  M.  to  12:30  P.  M. 


CM  of  Town  ogencies  carrying  the  Chinese  Digest 
BOWEN    SALES   CO. 

Fountain    Service 
500  Webster  St..  Oakland 
YEE    PHARMACY 

Drugs   and   Cosmetics 
1M9 — 7th    St.    Sacramento.   Calif. 
LEE    YUEN    COMPANY 

Newspapers,   Magazines,   Cigars 
101    E.  Woshington  St.,   Stockton.  Calif. 
PLAZA    SERVICE    STATION 

Gas   and   Oil 
<s26  N.   I  rs  Anoeles  St..  Los  Angeles.  Colif. 

Orders  for  subscriptions  ond  advertisements  con 
br   left  at  tbp  above  agencies. 


New  York  City — Because  he  was  con- 
victed of  killing  another  Chinese,  Chew 
Wing.  32,  paid  for  his  crime  when  he 
was  sent  to  the  electric  chair  at  Sing  Sing 
on  June  12.  This  was  the  first  time  that 
a  Chinese  has  paid  the  death  penalty  for 
a  crime  in  New  York  in  20  years,  it  was 
reported. 


%**V 


m 


July,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Pago  17 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


THE  SOURCE  OF  CHINA'S 
NEW  FOUND  STRENGTH 

(Continued  from  p.  3) 
policy,  but  a  change  of  conditions,  and 
that  change  was  brought  about  by  the 
restrained  and  far-sighted  attitude  adopt- 
ed when  China  stood  on  the  very  brink  of 
disaster. 

As  President  of  the  Executive  Yuan, 
Mr.  Wang  Ching-Wei's  views  on,  and 
responsibility  for,  national  policy  were 
shared  by  General  Chiang  Kai-Shek,  and 
his  actions  were  approved  by  one  or  an- 
other of  the  Central  Party  authorities.  In 
regard  to  Japan,  that  policy  was  one  of 
consistent  resistance  to  aggression  with- 
out closing  the  doors  of  diplomacy — a 
difficult  policy  to  follow,  and  one  which 
rather  lends  itself  to  willful  misrepre- 
sentation by  hostile  critics,  but  the  only 
one  which  made  it  possible  for  "sand" 
to  become  hardened  into  "cement." 

And  what  has  happened  during  the  last 
two  years  goes  to  show  that  Japan  realized 
this  hardening  process  was  taking  place. 
China's  protest  against  Doihara's  attempt 
to  create  a  "North  China  Autonomous 
Council"  led  to  the  recall  to  Japan  of 
the  instigator  of  this  plan,  and  no  seri- 
ous attempt  has  been  since  made  to  ex- 
tend the  East  Hopei  "autonomous"  area 
under  Japanese  protection.  The  estab- 
lishment of  the  Hopei-Chahar  Political 
Council  in  December,  1935,  seems  to  have 
marked  a  truce  in  the  open  clash  of  Sino- 
Japanese  interests  in  the  North,  and  to- 
day there  is  in  Tokyo  a  Foreign  Minister 
[Naotake  Sato,  who,  since  this  was  writ- 
ten, has  been  out  of  office  due  to  the 
resignation  of  the  Hayashi  Cabinet — 
Editor]  who  boldly  asks  in  the  Diet:  — 
"In  the  whole  course  of  diplomatic  ne- 
gotiations between  Japan  and  China, 
have  the  principles  of  equality  and  reci- 
procity always  been  up-held?"  and  left 
the  consciences  of  his  hearers  to  provide 
the  answer.  Mr.  Sato  supplied  whatever 
hint  may  have  been  needed  as  to  his  own 
opinion  by  saying  that  so  long  as  China 
had  the  impression  that  she  was  not  being 
treated  as  an  equal,  there  could  be  little 
hope  of  Sino-Japanese  negotiations  being 
successful.  They  give  ground  for  hoping 
that  a  new  phase  in  Sino-Japanese  rela- 
tions is  about  to  develop — a  phase  which 
will  eventually  make  real  co-operation 
possible,  and  solve  difficulties  which  have 
hitherto  defied  solution.  Whatever  pro- 
gress is  achieved  in  this  desirable  di- 
rection will  be  directly  due  to  that  hard- 
ening of  China's  "sand"  into  "cement" 
which  was  made  possible  by  following  a 
policy  described  by  some  as  defeatist, 
but  which  is  now  coming  to  be  recognized 
as  not  only  statesmanlike  but  successful. 


I  WAS 
A-THINKING 

(Continued  from  p.  7) 
the  other  hand  they  comprise  the  gener- 
ative power  that  moves  the  wheels  of 
trade.  Inasmuch  as  they  are  the  buying 
public,  advertising  directs  its  appeal  more 
and  more  to  women,  and  anything  which 
has  any  news  value  must  consider  the 
feminine  angle.  Even  at  their  own  do- 
main, the  bar,  the  race  track,  the  boxing 
arena,  etc.,  men  are  being  rapidly  made 
less  conspicuous. 

Whether  it  be  fact  or  fancy,  I  think 
the  Fourth  of  July  spirit  has  done  it  all. 
For  nowhere  in  the  world  are  freedom, 
independence,  and  equality  revered  as  they 
are  here.  American  women  are  keen  to 
keep  this  spirit  alive,  for  did  it  not  have 
its  beginning  at  a  certain  Boston  Tea 
o 

HOW  TO  MAKE 
"TUNG  KWA  CHUNG" 

One  of  China's  most  delicious  and 
colorful  soups  is  "tung  kwa  chung"  or 
Melon  Bell.  It  is  also  an  ideal  ice  breaker 
at  banquets,  for  no  serving  of  this  tasty 
soup  is  ever  unaccompanied  by  acclaims 
from  the  guests  for  its  fragrance  and 
appeal  to  the  eyes.  This  is  my  favorite 
way  for  making  this  classic  soup: 

Remove  the  meat  from  a  medium  sized, 
freshly  killed  dressed  chicken    (or  from 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 
o 

THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 
ROAMS  AROUND 

(Continued  from  p.  14) 
there.  .  .  .  Ed  Leong,  our  football  hero, 
Victor  Yim,  and  Tony  Look  were  recent 
visitors  to  Bakersfield,  but  said  the  town 
was  too  hot  for  them!  .  .  .  Frank  Choye 
spends  many  an  hour  on  the  tennis  court 
and  Wilson  Lowe  was  there  too  for  a 
day,  but  oh!  what  a  day!  They  vowed 
to  return  and  I  don't  blame  them  either. 
.  .  .  Dan  Lee  made  a  quick  trip  to  L.  A. 
but  made  a  quicker  return.  No  date  for 
her,  'cause  she  was  staying  for  the  final 
ex's.  .  .  .  Too  bad,  Dan! 

Ho  hum,  time  to  lay  off.   It's  vacation 
time,   so  send   me   some   news   so  I   can 
take  it  easy.  .  .  .  R.  R. 
o 

A  MAN  BY  ANY 
OTHER  NAME 

By  Earl  H.  Leaf 

(Reprinted  from  the  China  Digest, 
Shanghai.) 

I  was  once  stopped  by  a  man  named 
Mr.  Johnson  who  handed  me  a  visiting 
card  on  which  his  name  was  translated 
into  Chinese  characters,  and  who  asked 
me  why  Chinese  always  smiled  when  they 


read  it.  That  evening  I  consulted  my 
Chinese-English  dictionary,  and  learned 
that  he  was  being  called  Mr.  Chan  Sun 
— not  a  bad  transliteration,  to  be  true,  but 
the  characters  could  only  be  translated  as 
"dishcloth   spurting  out  of  the   mouth." 

The  favorite  exhibits  of  a  Chinese 
friend  who  is  making  a  collection  of  un- 
usual or  startling  Chinese  names  being 
used  by  foreigners  in  China  include  one 
of  a  Mr.  Campbell  whose  name  was 
translated  on  his  business  card  as  Mr. 
K'an  Pan  or  "Look  at  the  blotch!"  and 
another  for  a  Mr.  Stevens  who  bore  the 
expressive  cognomen,  Mr.  Shih  Fen, 
meaning  "Louse  Napkin."  The  moral  of 
the  story  is  that  foreigners  should  ex- 
ercise a  measure  of  prudence  in  accept- 
ing a  Chinese  name.  Usually  a  young 
clerk  or  Chinese  printer  christens  the 
"griffen"  (new  arrival)  who  is  having  his 
cards  printed  in  China  for  the  first  time; 
and  the  man  may,  in  his  simple  ignorance 
of  the  language,  spend  the  next  twenty 
years  in  China  being  called  "strong-smell 

A  rose  by  any  other  name  may  smell 
as  sweet,  but  no  Chinese  gets  a  good 
impression  of  a  man  who  presents  him  a 
business  card  reading  "Mr.  Sick-with  Ul- 
cers Duck." 

The  transliteration  of  foreign  names 
in  literature  and  the  press  is  wholly  un- 
satisfactory due  to  the  fact  there  is  no 
standardization  throughout  the  country. 
Mussolini,  Mae  West,  Sally  Rand,  and 
Stanley  Baldwin  each  may  have  entirely 
different  Chinese  names  in  various  sections 
of    China,    and   much   confusion   is   the 

Confucius  said  that  the  first  thing  to 
be  done  to  rectify  the  state  is  "to  rectify 
names"  on  the  grounds  that  "If  names  be 
not  correct,  language  is  not  in  accord- 
ance with  the  truth  of  things.  If  language 
be  not  in  accordance  with  the  truth  of 
things,  affairs  can  not  be  carried  on  to 
success.  When  affairs  can  not  be  car- 
ried on  to  success,  proprieties  and  music 
do  not  flourish,  punishments  will  not  be 
properly  awarded.  When  punishments  are 
not  properly  awarded,  the  people  do  not 
know  how  to  move  hand  or  foot." 

Chinese  naturally  place  great  emphasis 
on  the  importance  of  correctly  pronounc- 
ing their  names  and  I  am  always  embar- 
rassed when  being  introduced  to  anyone 
named  Ch'u  because,  though  I  have  tried 
for  years,  I  simply  cannot  pronounce  that 
character  correctly. 

In  pronouncing  Ch'u,  the  German  emu- 
lated "U"  is  only  one  of  the  several  haz- 
ards that  must  be  overcome.  The  "ch" 
is  pronounced  more  like  "djr"  and  when 
it  is  combined  with  the  aspirate,  the  sound 
can  best  be  obtained  by  saying  "rrr"  dur- 
ing the  act  of  sneezing:   ker  djr'u. 


^s 


Page  18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,   1937 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


Foreigners  likewise  are  annoyed  when 
their  names  are  mispronounced  or  mis- 
spelled, as  any  cub  reporter  knows.  It  is  a 
grievous  sin — almost  as  serious  as  jump- 
ing the  release  date  on  the  President's 
budget  message — to  print  Sr.  Hugh 
Snatchbull-Huggesen  instead  of  Sir 
Hughe  Knatchbull-Huggesen,  for  exam- 
ple. Some  years  ago  when  I  was  doing 
considerable  by-line  writing  I  started  a 
collection  of  misspellings  of  my  name 
which  range  from  Leas,  Deaf,  and  Beef, 
to  Veer,  Lump,  and  Liop. 

In  choosing  foreign  names,  Chinese 
also  meet  difficulties.  They  seemed  de- 
termined to  eschew  simple  designations 
like  John  or  George  and  select  big  double- 
barrelled  appellations  like  Wellington 
Koo,  Napoleon  Wu,  Bismarck  Hsiang, 
Wellington  Fang,  Horatius  Cen,  Living- 
ston Hu,  Morgan  Chow,  Yorkson  Shen, 
Joshua  Bau,  Dawson  Chao,  Diphew  T. 
Chow,  Joovin  T.  Chwang,  Jevons  Yu, 
Luther  Li,  Hollington  Tong,  Handel 
Lee,  Tyndall  Wei,  Sheldon  Tso,  Binnen 
P.  Lu,  Bingham  Dai,  Spears  Huang,  and 
Sarkon  On,  all  names  of  actual  persons. 
A  few  queer  ones  like  Leeping  San  Yen 
and  Hawkling  Yen  also  appear  in  the 
Who's  Who. 

For  some  reason  I  have  been  unable 
to  discover  why  the  names  of  dead 
United  States  presidents  seem  to  fasci- 
nate the  young  man  about  to  assume  a 
foreign  name.  Thus  we  have  a  Washing- 
ton Li,  Jefferson  Lamb,  Monroe  Huang, 
Jackson  Lin,  Harrison  S.  Shen,  Lincoln 
Chen,  Garfield  Huang,  Franklin  Ho,  and 
Cleveland  Wei.  I  haven't  found  a 
Hoover  Hu  yet,  but  doubtless  one  will 
appear  soon.  One  Chinese  is  named 
George  V.  Fang,  but  perhaps  now  he 
will  change  it  to  George  VI  Fang. 

The  onomastic  system  employed  by 
Mrs.  Shih  Mei-yu  ("Mrs.  Stone  Beauti- 
ful-jade") in  calling  herself  Mrs.  Stone, 
a  direct  translation  of  her  Chinese  name, 
does  not  always  produce  such  happy  re- 
sults. Imagine  address  Chiang  Kai-shek 
as  Generalissimo  Watercress  Great-stone, 
or  calling  Mr.  Nien  Kuei-tang  Mr. 
Squint-eyed  Honorable-hall,  or  Mr.  Tiao 
Hsintien  Mr.  Punk  Believe-heaven. 

I  am  sure  Mr.  T'ang  Leang-li  would 
not  be  happy  if  one  persisted  in  calling 
him  in  English,  Mr.  Soup  Good-ceremony. 
Mr.  Hubert  Liang  would  not  be  pleased 
to  hear  himself  addressed  as  Mr.  Ridge- 
pole. Wu  Teh-chen  should  not  be  ad- 
dressed as  Mr.  Boastful  Iron-city  or  Mr. 
Hu  Shih  as  Mr.  How  to  Teach. 

It  has  always  seemed  to  me  that  a 
Chinese  who  wears  foreign  clothes,  drinks 
foreign    whiskey,    prefers    to    talk    and 


write  in  a  foreign  language,  sends  his 
children  to  a  foreign  school,  and  lives 
in  a  foreign  concession  completes  the  final 
step  in  his  foreignization  when  he  discards 
Chin  for  King  or  Lin  for  Lamb,  although 
the  Cantonese  pronunciation  of  some  of 
these  names  closely  approximates  the 
English  names. 

According  to  this  system,  we  may  next 
expect  to  hear  that  Gen.  Han  Fu-chu  is 
calling  himself  General  H.  M.  Hughes, 
Mr.  Lin  Yu-tang  is  Mr.  Y.  T.  Flynn, 
Mr.  Hsi  is  Mr.  Sheeney,  Mr.  Hsu  is 
Mr.  Schultz,  Mr.  Sui  is  Mr.  Sweeney, 
Mr.  Li  is  Mr.  Leeke,  and  Mr.  Hei  is  Mr. 
Hemingway. 

o 

GOING  RENO 

By  Ching  of  Chinatown 

Ever  go  to  Reno?  They  say  it's  fash- 
ionable to  get  a  Nevorce.  So  I  tally- 
phone  to  all  my  gal  friends  one  by  one 
and  ask  them  if  they  would  go  to  Reno 
with  me,  marry,  and  then  get  renovated 
next  day  and  come  back  to  Chinatown 
fashionable  as  the  Asters  or  the  Wonder- 
builts.  But  they  laff  and  sez  getting 
divorced  from  me  would  be  the  most 
wonderful  thing  in  the  world,  only  they 
rather  let  some  really  unfortunate  gal 
gets  the  pleasure. 

So  I  spited  them  by  disguising  myself 
as  a  golf  bag  and  stowawayed  to  Reno 
in  a  Lincoln  Zephyr  driven  by  Dan  and 
George.  Going  to  Reno  is  easy;  it's  the 
coming  back  what's  hazardous.  Cause 
when  we're  near  the  state  border  an 
officer  steps  up  and  sez,  "We're  search- 
ing this  car  for  any  fruit  or  nut."  Gosh, 
they  nearly  caught  up  with  me!  But  I 
fooled  them  into  thinking  I'm  a  Wa- 
shoe; I  pulled  an  Indian  blanket  over 
my  head  and  sez,  "wa-wa,  wa-wa,"  point- 
ing to  my  shoes  at  the  same  time,  and  the 
officer  sez,  "Okay,  chief,  step  on  it." 

Reno  is  a  mining  town  and  the  city's 
so  full  of  gold  diggers  you  have  to  walk 
with  your  eyes  on  your  nose  else  you  get 
into  trouble.  I  came  across  a  place  what 
sez,  "No  minors,"  so  I  asked  the  guard 
what's  a  minor,  and  he  sez,  "Minor  busi- 
ness and  move  on."  So  I  moved  on  to 
main  street.  .  .  . 

Well,  there's  as  many  "banks"  on 
main  street  as  there  are  cafes  on  Jack- 
son street  in  Chinatown,  so  I  deposited 
a  dollar  here  and  a  dollar  there,  and 
first  thing  you  know  a  tough  operator 
came  up  with  two  grands  and  he  sez, 
"Here's  your  winning;  what  are  you 
gonna  do  with  it?" 

Well,  I  ignored  his  dirty  looks  and 
strolled  over  to  the  front  of  the  court 
house   to  count  the   money   and   to  see 


the  pretty  divorcees  what  come  out  one 
every  two  minutes.  The  first  one  to  ap- 
pear makes  my  mouth  water  all  over — 
her  face's  so  like  a  wrinkly  lemon. 

Then  out  comes  a  sizzling  society  heir- 
ess with  a  Betty  Davis  urge  and  a  Mae 
West  contour.  You  can  tell  she's  an 
heiress  cause  she's  smoking  Lucky.  When 
she  stepped  into  her  La  Sally  she  spot- 
ted handsome  me  counting  my  bank  roll, 
and  she  sez,  "Kind  sir,  will  you  direct 
me  the  way  to  San-Joe-Say?" 

"Glady,"  sez  I,  "but  I  can  see  that 
you  are  an  eastern  gal,  cause  we  of  the 
west  always  call  that  metropolis  San- 
Who-Say." 

"You're  so  smart,"  she  smiled,  "jump 
in  and  I'll  give  you  a  lift."  So  I  hopped 
in  and  entertained  her  immensely  by  giv- 
ing my  life  history  and  how  I  got  to  be 
so  smart. 

"Ever  go  to  a  Dude  Ranch?"  she 
asked,  as  we  loomed  near  one. 

"Back  in  my  alley  they  call  me  the 
Will  Rogers  of  Chinatown." 

"I  understand  this  outfit  is  planning 
a  pack  trip  to  California.  Let's  sign 
up  and  we'll  keep  each  other  company." 

So  we  drove  up  to  the  ranch  and 
within  I  found  everything  very  cowboy- 
ish.  There's  a  lodge  room  with  a  mod- 
ern bar  and  a  library  and  everything. 
Each  cabin  has  a  shower  and  all  the 
dressers  have  smelling  salts  and  perfume 
and  things  what  every  cowboy  needs. 
Well,  I  registered  and  the  owner  handed 
me  a  cowboy  outfit  and  he  sez,  "That'll 
be  two  grand,  payable  in  advance,  and 
no  rebate.  You  get  the  service  of  our 
guides  and  also  hoss  and  accommodation 
for  the  entire  trip."  And  he  took  my 
money  without  counting  'em. 

Soon  I  was  fully  dressed  in  a  reguli- 
tion  outfit  with  green  Stetson,  pink 
neckiechief,  and  a  boy  scout  lasso,  and 
in  no  time  I  was  on  my  hoss  next  to  mv 
gal's,  and  off  we  go  toward  the  wide 
open  space  where  men  are  men  and  the 
women  make   'em   wild. 

Then  one  of  the  buccaro  sez.  "Alley 
Oop,"  and  my  hoss  throws  me  head  first 
against  a  rock.  That's  not  bad  at  all. 
cause  everybody  gets  a  laff,  and  when 
someone  picks  me  up  and  shakes  me 
all  over  I  was  good  as  new,  and  off  we 
go  again.  Then  someone  again  sez, 
"Alley  Oop"  and  this  time  mv  hoss 
throws  me  on  a  bed  of  cactus  and  it's  mv 
more  sensitive  end  which  landed  first, 
and  so  I  have  to  call  the  trip  off.  And 
everybody  returns  to  the  ranch  laffing, 
and  the  boss  sez  to  the  heiress  private- 
like,  "Good  work,  Carson  Carries,  bring 
in  two  more  and  we'll  call  it  a  da\ ." 


July,   1937 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


Page  19 


EDITORIAL    NOTES 


Garment  Socially  conscious  China- 
Union  in  townians  should  read  with 
Chinatown?  interest  the  letter  from  Jen- 
nie Matyas,  organizer  for 
the  International  Ladies'  Garment  Work- 
ers' Union,  which  appears  elsewhere  in 
this  issue.  It  concerns  a  vital  labor  proo- 
lem  which,  economically,  has  disturbed 
American  garment  workers  for  a  long 
time;  whereas,  socially,  it  has  also  bothered 
welfare  agencies  and  the  public  health 
authorities  in  this  city.  We  will  not  go 
into  any  detailed  discussion  of  every  angle 
of  this  subject  at  this  time,  but  will  merely 
attempt  a  few  pertinent  observations. 

Having  talked  with  Miss  Matyas,  we 
understand  that  there  are  about  1000 
women  garment  industry  workers  in 
Chinatown.  Because  their  pay  is  so  low 
they  consequently  receive  as  much  work 
as  they  can  handle  (working,  of  course, 
excessively  long  hours)  from  manufac- 
turers who  wish  to  avoid  paying  standard 
wages  to  American  workers  in  garment 
factories  who  are  organized.  In  this  way 
the  Chinese  women  who  are  willing  to 
work  for  low  wages  cut  directly  into  the 
livelihood  of  unionized  workers  in  Amer- 
ica garment  factories.  The  situation  is 
getting  more  desperate  every  day,  Miss 
Matyas  said,  and  if  the  Chinese  con- 
tractors and  dressmakers  do  not  heed  the 
writing  on  the  wall  and  organize,  it  is 
possible  that  the  American  garment  work- 
ers, backed  by  the  I.  L.  G.  W.  U.,  may 
declare  war  on  the  Chinese  garment  in- 
dustry. Her  organization  does  not  want 
to  take  this  step,  except  as  a  last  resort. 
But  it  is  a  threat  and  must  be  taken  into 
consideration  as  such.  Unionization  of 
the  Chinese  dressmakers,  Miss  Matyas 
suggested,  is  the  only  way  to  prevent 
such  a  threat  from  being  carried  out. 

We  do  not  pretend  to  know  much 
about  the  garment  industry  situation  as  it 
stands  in  Chinatown  today.  But  one  thing 
is  quite  certain:  With  the  tide  of  the 
labor  movement  as  it  is  in  the  United 
States  today,  Chinese  who  work  in  any, 
big  scale  industry  cannot  remain  aloof 
from  the  trend  of  unionization.  Miss 
Matyas  mentions  in  her  letter  the  benefit 
Chinese  garment  workers  would  receive 
through  organization,  such  as  getting  bet- 
ter pay  for  their  labor,  shorter  hours  of 
work,  and  the  consequent  rising  of  their 
standard  of  living.  As  far  as  we  can 
see  at  present,  the  important  thing  is  not 
so  much  the  promised  benefits  the  Chinese 
will  receive  should  they  become  unionized, 
as  the  fact  that  they  may  lose  their  work 
some  time  in  the  immediate  future  should 
they  refuse  to  organize.  The  whole  thing 
makes  delightful  argumentation. 

According  to  a  survey  made  of  this  in- 


dustry in  1934  (the  reliability  of  which 
we  do  not  guarantee)  there  were  564 
women  employed  in  40  Chinatown  gar- 
ment factories.  There  seems  to  be  about 
twice  that  many  now.  Of  the  total  num- 
ber in  1934,  445  were  married  and  the 
rest  were  single  or  widowed  women.  The 
445  married  women  were  reported  to  have 
a  total  of  1208  children. 

The  number  of  factories  tabulated  was 
a  deceptive  figure,  since  many  of  them 
were  no  larger  than  two  or  three  small 
rooms  and  contained  about  a  dozen  sew- 
ing machines.  Many  were  located  in  base- 
ments, and  some  even  in  tenement  houses! 
There  were  less  than  half  a  dozen  fac- 
tories employing  more  than  50  persons. 
Only  one  employed  about  150  people,  in- 
cluding 20  men  workers.  Needless  to 
say,  the  working  conditions  were  anything 
but  ideal;  for  this  reason  welfare  work- 
ers and  the  public  health  department  felt 
concerned  about  the  garment  workers; 
their  health  was  being  undermined  and  all 
sorts  of  community  health  problems  were 
being  aggravated,  problems  which  could 
be,  but  which,  under  the  circumstances, 
were  not  being  prevented. 

The  I.  L.  G.  W.  U.  started  to  organize 
Chinatown's  garment  workers  several 
years  ago.  A  Chinese  was  hired  to  do  the 
organizing  but,  unfortunately,  they 
found  out  later  that  he  was  a  Commu- 
nist. We  say  unfortunately  because  of 
the  fact  that  when  the  I.  L.  G.  W.  U. 
unknowingly  hired  a  Chinese  Communist 
as  their  organizer  in  Chinatown,  the  im- 
pression was  made  in  the  garment  work- 
ers' minds  that  the  Union  was  commu- 
nistic, and  that  impression  remains  today. 
Miss  Matyas  told  us  her  organization  is 
definitely  non-Communist  but  is  simply  a 
labor  union  which  seeks  to  protect  the 
rights  of  workers  in  the  garment  industry 
throughout  the  country. 

With  wholesale  unionism  being  a  defi- 
nite labor  trend  in  the  U.  S.  today,  Miss 
Matyas  believes  that  the  present  is  the 
most  opportune  time  for  the  Chinese 
dressmakers  to  organize  to  look  after  their 
own  interests  and  for  the  protection  of 
their  rights.  As  the  situation  stands  now, 
failure  on  the  part  of  the  Chinese  to 
organize  will  mean  that  they  will  only 
continue  to  work  for  low  wages  and  long 
hours.  Eventually,  as  we  have  already 
hinted,  it  may  mean  that  the  American 
garment  workers'  unions  may  take  drastic 
measures  to  combat  the  competition  of  the 
Chinese  in  this  industry.  In  such  an  event 
the  Chinese,  in  all  probability,  will  be  the 
losers. 

o 

Keep  well  informed  on  your  community 
by  reading  the  Chinese  Digest. 


The  Anti-Foreign  Lan- 
Anci-Language  guage  school  bill  (see  our 
Bill  Defeated  April  issue,  p.  13)  intro- 
duced at  the  last  session  of 
the  California  legislature,  has  met  with  a 
quiet  death.  The  bill  was  designed  to  con- 
trol the  operation  of  all  foreign  language 
schools  in  the  state  and  was  aimed  chiefly 
at  Chinese  and  Japanese  groups.  The 
Chinese  and  Japanese  educational  organ- 
izations, reinforced  by  Russian  and  Italian 
groups,  fought  the  passage  of  this  bill  on 
the  ground  that  it  was  discriminatory  and 
a  violation  of  academic  freedom  in  Cali- 
fornia. The  State  Board  of  Education, 
to  which  the  bill  was  sent  for  review, 
voiced  its  disapproval.  The  death  blow 
came  when  Senator  Metzger,  who  intro- 
duced the  bill,  rescinded  it  in  the  face  of 
concerted  opposition  from  the  Chinese 
and  Japanese  groups. 

HOW  TO  MAKE 
"TUNG  KWA  CHUNG" 

(Continued  from  p.  17) 
two  squabs) ,  and  make  a  soup  stock  by 
placing  the  bones  and  trimmings  in  cold 
water  and  then  heating  slowly.  When 
the  water  comes  to  a  boil  add  a  little 
salt  and  allow  it  to  simmer  for  three 
hours. 

Meanwhile  one  should  have  about 
three-quarters  of  a  cup  of  buk-goo  or 
dried  northern  Chinese  mushrooms  soak- 
ing in  water  to  soften;  also  an  equal 
amount  of  lin-gee  or  lotus  seeds.  Dice 
the  softened  mushrooms,  the  chicken  and 
giblets,  and  also  a  quarter  can  (or  enough 
to  make  a  cupful)  of  bamboo  shoots  into 
quarter  inch  cubes.  (Any  Chinese 
grocer  will  supply  these  ingredients.) 

Cut  a  fairly  large  melon  across  about 
three-quarters  from  one  end.  Scoop  seeds 
and  loose  fibers  from  the  larger  piece, 
but  take  care  not  to  cut  into  the  meat 
or  rind.  Place  the  melon  in  a  deep  bowl 
with  the  cut  end  on  top.  If  the  melon 
will  not  sit  firmly  in  the  bowl  it  may  be 
necessary  to  wedge  in  two  or  three  pieces 
of  trimmed  ginger  (or  cock)  to  insure 
that  it  will  remain  upright  during  the 
steaming  process. 

Pour  the  diced  ingredients  into  the 
melon  and  fill  to  near  the  top  with  the 
soup  stock.  Place  bowl  and  melon  in  a 
steamer  (a  covered  pot  with  a  ring  to 
separate  the  bowl  from  the  bottom  of 
the  pot  will  do)  and  steam  until  chicken 
is  cooked  and  melon  is  tender. 

Let  the  melon  remain  over  a  slow  fire 
until  ready  to  serve.  Then  add  a  sprink- 
ling of  minced  ham,  chopped  Chinese 
parsley,  and  shredded  green  onion.  Place 
the  bowl  on  a  plate  and  serve,  the  shell  of 
the  melon  taking  the  place  of  a  tureen. 


MHMMI 


— 


Pose  20 


CHINESE      DIGEST 


July,  1937 


MOORE'S  16th  Semi- Annual  Sale! 

—NOW  the  Sale  you 
trust  and  anticipate! 


JHLart,  Ochallner  OL  ±yV 


arx 


an 


d  JVLansIield 


Ouits  and    J.  opcoats 


AND  OTHER  SALE 
GROUPS 

-Flannel  Slacks,  Special  $5  ^ 

-Golf town  Oxford  $1-95  Shirt  $1-65 

-Moore— Style  $5-00  Hats  $3-85 


Home   of 
Hart   Schaffner 
&  Marx  Clothes 


MOORE'S 


Chinese   Rcprc>.cnt.iii\c 

"Colday"   Lcong 
At    HI    Kearny   Street 


840  MARKET,  141  KEARNY— S.  F. 


1450  B'WAY— OAKLAND 


COMMENT  ♦  -    SOCIAL   •   *  SPOftTS 


0 


Vol.  3,  No.  8 


August,   1937 


Ten  Cents 


"SltaeAJtUtc  Boy" — Ghistato-uut  VeAUan 


If.  on  any  bright  and  sunny  day,  you  should  stroll  by  Portsmouth 
a  smiling  and  eager  faced  boy,  slinging  a  home-made  house-shaped 
be  one  of  his  own  race,  the  question  would  be  in  Chinese,  "Chaat  hir 

He  is  one  of  a  group  of  Chinatown's  youngest  money-makers,  t 
a  nickel's  worth.  His  business  area  is  mostly  Portsmouth  square,  but  if 
Some  of  them  have  a  regular  clientele  in  Chinatown  stores,  but  most  o 

Ten  years  ago  Chinatown  had  practically  no  shoeshine  boys  of 
Beach.   Then  sensing  that  here  was  a  field  of  money-making  which  the 
the  scene.    And  before  long   the  field  was  theirs,  the   Italian  boys  hav 
ion  of  the  Chinatown  squad  sees  to  it  that  the  Chinese  boys  are  not  e 

The  above   picture  shows  one  of  these   boys  at  work.    Wallace 
months  to  get  this  shot.    (Fifth  of  a  series  of  pictures  depicting  scenes 


square  in  Chinatown,  you  would  be  accosted,  before  you  knew  it,  by 
box,  who  would  ask   you  politely,  "Shine,  mister?"     If   you   happen  to 
mah,  sin-saang?" 

he  shoeshine  boy,  proud  of  his  calling  and  giving  each  of  his  customers 
there  are  prospects  in  other  places  in  Chinatown,  he  hurries  there,  also, 
f  them  depend  on  their  good  fortune  and  shrewd  business  sense, 
its  own,  and  the  business  was  in  the  hands  of  Italian  boys  from  North 
y  themselves  could  enter  into,  Chinese  shoeshine  boys  began  to  qppear  on 
ing  been  driven  back  to  their  own  district.  Today  Inspector  Jack  Man- 
ncroached  upon  by  any  "foreigners"  from  another  community. 
H.  Fong,  Digest  photographer,  said  it  took  him  the  better  part  of  six 
of  Chinatown  life.) 

/ 


Page  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,   1937 


EDITORIAL 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


ONCE  MORE,  THUNDER  IN  THE  EAST 

As  we  go  to  press,  the  possibilities  of  a  major  conflict 
between  China  and  Japan  over  the  Peiping  "incident"  of 
July  7  (See  FAR  EAST  page  for  details)  are  growing 
more  ominous  hour  by  hour.  According  to  the  most  reli- 
able reports  from  American  press  service  observers  on  the 
spot,  the  Japanese  military  is  apparently  goading  China 
into  a  war,  confident  in  the  knowledge  that  the  latter 
country  is  not  adequately  prepared  to  fight.  The  incident 
of  July  7  in  the  present  situation  is  in  itself  relatively  un- 
important. What  is  important  is  the  use  that  the  Jap- 
anese army  has  made  of  that  incident. 

No  well  informed  observers  of  Far  Eastern  politics 
are  ignorant  of  Japan's  intentions  as  regards  China. 
Regardless  of  the  fact  whether  one  believes  in  the  au- 
thenticity of  the  so-called  Tanaka  memorial,  one  cannot 
escape  the  conclusion  that  the  present  Japanese  actions 
in  North  China  seem  to  follow  the  course  set  down  in 
that  sensational  document.  But  what  the  Japanese  sword- 
rattlers  failed  to  take  into  consideration  was  that  China 
could  become  politically  united  and  militarily  strong  in 
an  amazingly  short  period  of  time. 

Is  it  Japan's  intention,  then,  to  overawe  and  conquer 
China  before  she  grows  too  strong  to  defeat?  Political 
and  military  maneuvers  by  Japan  in  North  China  during 
the  past  year,  culminating  in  the  present  tense  situation, 
certainly  point  to  such  a  conclusion. 

If  such  is  the  case,  then  there  is  nothing  for  China 
to  do  but  to  meet  Japan  in  the  field  of  battle  in  a  crucial 
test  of  power.  It  would  be  a  savage  and  bloody  course, 
a  way  of  settlement  of  issues  unworthy  of  civilized  nations, 
and  one  which  China  has  declared  she  is  loathe  to  take, 
except  as  a  last  resort  and  in  the  spirit  of  self-preservation. 

"Although  our  country  is  militarily  weak,"  declared 
Gen.  Chiang  Kai-Shek  in  a  statement  issued  to  the  world 
after  the  July  7  incident  had  reached  a  critical  impasse, 
"if  the  time  has  come  when  we  have  reached  the  last  limit 
of  our  forebearance,  then  there  is  only  one  thing  to  do, 
and  that  is  to  throw  the  last  ounce  of  the  energy  of  our 
nation  into  a  struggle  for  national  existence.  This  is 
forced  upon  us;  we  are  not  seeking  war;  we  are  only  meet- 
ing attacks  upon  our  existence.    Our  people  must  realize 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

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STAFF 

CHINGWAH   LEE    Associate   Editor 

LIM   P.    LEE    Sociological    Data 

DOROTHY  Wl NG   Advertising  Manager 

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WALLACE  H.  FONG    Photographer 

H.  K.  WONG   Staff  Reporter 

CORRESPONDENTS   and    REPRESENTATIVES 

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Berkeley   Glenn  D.  Lym 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Allen    Lew 

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Honolulu,  T.  H Grace  H.  Goo 

Los   Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

New  York    Bing  Chan 

Portland    Eva    Moe,    Edgar    Lee 

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THOMAS    W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 


that  the  Central  government  is  preparing  measures  for 
their  defense.  Once  the  war  is  begun,  there  must  be  no 
looking  backwards.  We  must  fight  to  the  bitter  end.  If 
we  allow  another  inch  of  our  territory  to  be  lost,  then 
we  are  guilty  of  an  unpardonable  offense  against  our 
race. 

The  die  is  cast.  Regardless  of  the  nine-power  treaty, 
the  Kellogg  pact,  or  the  League  of  Nations,  there  will 
be  war  between  China  and  Japan  soon  enough  unless  the 
statesmen  of  the  Island  empire  can  follow  a  course  of 
reasonableness  and  check  their  military  from  launching 
another  Manchurian  adventure. 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorials    2,  3 

Culture 4,  5 

Sociological  Data 6,  7 

Reviews  and  Comments 8,  9 

Far  East 10 

Health  Hints 11 

The  Jade  Box 12 

Chinatownia   13-16,   18 

Sports 17 

Continuation  Page 19 


- 


August,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


EDITORIAL    NOTES 


Readers  who  are  interested 
Chinatown  Jn  the  housing  problem  in 
Housing  Chinatown  will  remember 
that  in  our  June  issue  our 
Sociological  Data  writer  reported  three 
things  which  would  affect  the  eventual 
solution  of  this  problem.  One  was  that 
a  condemnation  hearing  before  the 
Board  of  Public  Health  would  take 
place  soon  to  discover  what  initial  steps 
could  be  taken  to  better  the  deplorable 
housing  situation  in  the  community.  The 
second  was  that  a  Housing  bill  known 
as  the  Wagner-Steagall  bill  had  been  in- 
troduced in  both  the  Senate  and  House 
of  Representatives.  This  bill  aimed  to 
provide,  through  Federal  funds,  low  rent 
housing  through  the  country.  The  third 
was  that  an  enabling  act  has  been  in- 
troduced in  the  California  assembly  de- 
signed to  create  housing  authorities  in  the 
state  which  would  help  to  provide  low  cost 
housing  for  families  of  limited  income. 

Regarding  the  first  subject:  the  con- 
demnation hearing  was  held  before  Dr. 
J.  C.  Geiger,  director  of  public  health, 
on  July  6th.  The  case  for  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Health  was  presented  by 
Homer  Thyle,  chief  housing  inspector, 
who  cited  the  numerous  violations  of  the 
State  Housing  laws  in  the  sub-standard 
dwellings  in  Chinatown.  His  findings 
were  not  contradicted,  since  they  happen 
to  be  all  too  true. 

The  council  for  the  defense  declared 
that  the  building  under  consideration 
was  no  worse  than  others  in  the  com- 
munity. When  it  was  recommended  that 
this  particular  dwelling  be  vacated  floor 
by  floor  and  necessary  repair,  reconstruc- 
tion and  cleaning  be  done,  the  recom- 
mendation was  waived  at  the  request  of 
the  attorney  for  the  owner  of  the  pro- 
perty on  the  ground  that  the  tenants 
would  be  unable  to  find  living  quarters 
elsewhere  during  that  time.  The  argu- 
ment was  a  good  one,  since  a  condition  of 
congestion  does  exist  in  the  community 
and  has  so  existed  for  decades. 

The  final  decision  was  that  the  owner 
of  this  condemned  building  was  given 
90  days  in  which  to  make  necessary 
changes  so  that  the  place  may  meet  the 
minimum  requirements  of  the  housing 
laws.  Whether  any  further  constructive 
efforts  will  be  made  by  the  Department 
of  Public  Health  or  other  agencies  in- 
trested  in  bettering  Chinatown's  housing 
is  a  moot  question  at  present.  Perhaps 
more  and  better  test  cases  may  help. 

Regarding  the  second  point,  nothing 
is  known  as  yet.  However,  it  is  reported 
that  pressure  is  brought  to  bear  by  big 
Eastern  building  owners  and  realtors  to 


defeat  this  bill  at  all  costs,  since  they  see 
in  its  passage  a  threat  to  private  real 
estate  enterprises. 

As  to  the  third  point,  we  report  with 
regret  that  although  the  enabling  act  was 
passed  by  both  the  Assembly  and  Senate, 
it  was  vetoed  by  Governor  Merriam. 

Yet  the  outlook  for  better  housing  for 
Chinatown  is  still  hopeful,  provided 
those  who  are  interested  in  seeing  it 
realized  keep  up  their  study  and  discus- 
sion of  the  problem.  It  seems  to  us  that 
the  progressive  elements  of  the  com- 
munity must  bend  all  their  efforts  in 
solving  this  one  problem  before  they 
think  of  doing  anything  else,  such  as 
raising  community  standards  of  health, 
more  recreational  facilities,  organization 
of  labor,  etc.  Of  course,  it  would  be  won- 
derful if  all  these  things  are  done  concur- 
rently, but  since  that  seems  out  of  question 
as  things  are  today,  we  have  to  take  the 
most  crucial  problem  and  tackle  that. 
And  housing  seems  to  be  the  problem. 

o 

America  America  is  growing  intellec- 
Studies  tually  conscious  of  the  Ori- 

Orient  ent,     especially     of     China. 

The  American  Council  of 
the  Institute  of  Pacific  Relations,  in  a 
recent  survey,  found  that  a  total  of  251 
Oriental  study  projects  were  being  con- 
ducted in  various  universities  throughout 
the  country.  Columbia  university  ac- 
counted for  21,  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia had  20,  while  Harvard,  Michigan, 
and  Washington  universities,  the  Uni- 
versity of  Hawaii,  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago, and  half  a  dozen  others  accounted 
for  the  rest.  Most  of  these  projects  are 
historical  studies  and  deal  chiefly  with 
China.  Even  the  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture  is  steeped  in  Oriental  study, 
delving  into  certain  plants  and  fruits  in- 
digenous to  that  part  of  the  world. 

A  report  from  another  source  indicates 
that  in  many  colleges  and  universities  this 
summer,  numerous  extension  courses,  sum- 
mer schools,  and  institutes  are  devoting  a 
great  deal  of  attention  to  Far  Eastern  sub- 
jects. The  University  of  Michigan,  in 
response  "to  a  rapidly  growing  scholarly 
and  public  interest  in  the  Far  East,"  is 
conducting  an  Institute  of  Far  Eastern 
Studies  with  a  faculty  of  thirty  experts. 
In  connection  with  this  institute  and  with 
the  Linguistic  Institute  of  America,  a 
course  in  reading  modern  Chinese,  by 
George  A.  Kennedy  of  Yale  and  Chih- 
pei  Sha  of  the  University  of  California, 
is  offered  by  the  American  council  of 
the  I.  P.  R. 

The  Institute  of  Public  affairs  at  the 
University  of  Virginia  devoted  half  of 


its  session  to  discussion  of  the  Storm 
Center  in  the  Far  East.  Institutes  of  In- 
ternational relations,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  American  Friends'  Service  commit- 
tee, are  being  held  at  nine  institutions  of 
learning,  and  two  of  the  subjects  dealt 
with  are  the  "Struggle  for  Power  in  the 
Far  East"  and  "Tensions"  in  the  Orient. 

At  the  University  of  California  a 
Seminar  on  Far  Eastern  studies  is  being 
held,  while  at  the  University  of  Hawaii 
the  Oriental  institute  is  attracting  stu- 
dents from  several  Pacific  countries. 

That  the  Orient  is  steadily  growing 
more  and  more  important  in  international 
affairs  is  an  undeniable  fact.  And  the 
growing  interest  of  American  students 
and  scholars  in  the  countries  across  the 
Pacific  means  that  for  America,  at  least, 
the  fact  of  the  Orient's  importance  today 
is  not  ignored.  This  interest  should  be 
encouraged,  developed  and  expanded  for 
the  benefit  of  the  future. 

o 

While  we  are  on  this  subject 
More  On  0f  housing  (you'll  read  the 
Housing  average  housewife's  feelings 
about  it  in  "The  Jade  Box" 
in  this  issue)  our  Social  Research  com- 
mittee gently  passed  on  a  suggestion  that 
private  capital  or  a  philanthropic  organi- 
zation would  reap  profit  and  at  the  same 
time  be  doing  something  mightily  needed 
if  a  hotel  or  dormitory  exclusively  for  wo- 
men and  girls  could  be  built  in  Chinatown. 

We  have  heard  from  many  members  of 
the  gentler  sex  who  consider  it  "such  a 
shame"  that  there  is  no  exclusive  women's 
dwelling  place  in  the  community  in  which 
single  working  girls,  students,  or  visitors 
can  live,  either  permanently  or  for  a  few 
days.  These  people  point  out  that  such  a 
dormitory,  if  built,  should  not  be  con- 
ducted by  any  particular  institution  or  re- 
ligious denomination,  but  strictly  as  a 
commercial  venture. 

The  idea  is  no  doubt  a  good  one.  But 
would  such  a  place  pay?  We  believe  it 
would,  if  the  number  of  young  girls  who 
have  voiced  their  need  for  it  is  taken  as 
an  indication.  There  are  scores  of  young 
working  girls  in  the  community  who 
would  be  glad  to  have  a  room  of  their 
own  if  such  is  available  and  at  a  price 
they  can  afford.  Many  of  these  girls 
are  at  present  rooming  with  friends  or 
relatives,  or  living  in  furnished  apart- 
ments which  lack  that  sense  of  homey- 
ness  so  necessary  to  all-around  comfort. 
To  these  girls  a  dormitory  which  is  quiet 
and  -homelike,  with  some  recreational 
facilities  and  perhaps  a  library,  would  be 
a  boon  and  a  blessing.  At  the  same  time 
we  believe  it  is  a  good  business  investment. 


_ 


Page  4 


CH INESE     DIGEST 


August,  1937 


CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


AN  EXHIBITION  ON  CHINESE  MOfcTUA&Y  ABT 


The  current  display  of  Chinese  tomb 
statuettes  at  the  San  Francisco  Museum 
of  Art  represents  the  third  annual  ex- 
hibit of  the  Friends  of  Far  Eastern  art, 
an  organization  of  which  the  energetic 
Dr.  Alfred  Salmony  is  the  leading  spirit. 
Dr.  Salmony  is  one  of  a  group  of  active 
connoisseurs  who  place  major  emphasis 
on  the  earlier  arts  of  China,  so  it  is  not 
surprising  that  this  exhibit  should  center 
on  funeral  art,  rather  than,  let  us  say, 
K'ang  Hsi  beakers  or  Ch'ien  Lung  vases. 
(See  Note  at  end  of  article.) 

One  cannot  view  this  imposing  array 
of  time-worn,  often  mud-encrusted  fig- 
urines without  being  transported  in  time 
back  to  the  glorious  "age  of  faith  and 
splendor,"  as  Dagney  Carter  so  admir- 
ably put  it.  There  are  men  and  women 
in  all  walks  of  life,  at  work  and  at  play; 
and  animals  ranged  all  the  way  from 
lowly  oxen  to  prancing  horses  and  fabu- 
lous creatures.  This  sepulchral  art, 
though  it  had  its  childhood  with  the 
Hans,  and  though  it  lingered  to  a  pain- 
ful death  with  the  Mings,  had  its  golden 
age  with  the  Tang  Dynasty  (617-906 
A.  D.) . 

Han  Dynasty 

The  pottery  of  each  period  has  its 
characteristic  paste,  forms,  and  style,  and 
it  is  by  the  examination  of  these  factors 
that  we  arrive  at  their  ages.  The  Han 
Dynasty  (206-220  A.  D.)  probably 
marked  the  beginning  of  the  use  of  terra 
cotta  objects  for  the  dead.  But  two  thou- 
sand years  earlier  the  Shangs  were  im- 
molating men  and  animals  with  the  bur- 
ial of  the  departed.  So  it  is  not  surpris- 
ing that  the  Hans  should  be  furnishing 
the  tomb  of  their  dead  with  pottery  ob- 
jects, animals,  and  servants  which  the 
dead  were  accustomed  to  having  or  had 
hoped  of  having  while  on  earth. 

The  pastes  of  the  Han  pottery  are 
a  typically  hard  grey,  often  with  a  red- 
dish tinge,  and  some  were  covered  with 
a  white  slip.  The  green  glaze,  seen  on 
a  large  number  of  them,  had  acquired  an 
unearthly  iridescence — silvery  or  golden 
in  sheen —  as  the  result  of  the  long  bur- 
ied condition  (Ceramic  Art;  Chinese 
Digest,  May  22,  1936).  Highly  influ- 
enced by  sculptures  of  the  time,  these 
figurines  show  a  "simplified  naturalism." 
It  is  toy-like,  at  times  heavy,  and  had 
not  dared  to  be  bold.  A  few  outstanding 
ones  are  as  follows: 

3.  A  shaman  or  magician  of  the  per- 
iod: Note  that  the  face  is  not  Chinese. 


11.  Dancing  lady:  Note  very  modern 
treatment. 

19-21.  Han    objects:     These    are    of 
great  archeological  interest. 
Pre-T'ang 

The  wares  of  the  Epoch  of  the  Three 
Kingdoms,  the  Six  dynasties,  and  the 
Wei  dynasty  are  often  classified  col- 
lectively as  pre-T'ang  because  not 
enough  data  are  available  to  clearly  dis- 
tinguish the  many  types  which  made 
their  appearance  between  the  Han  and 
the  T'ang  dynasties.  The  Sui  figurines 
include  a  well-known  type  of  reddish  pot- 
tery, covered  either  with  a  white  slip  or 
a  crazed  chocolate-colored  glaze  in  many 
instances.  The  Wei  people  are  not  Chi- 
nese but  Turco-Mongol  invaders  who 
opened  the  gate  of  China  to  a  refresh- 
ing flood  of  foreign  influence — Indian, 
late  Hellenic,  and  Iranian.  The  stage 
was  set  for  the  coming  of  the  glorious 
T'ang  art. 

58.  A  set  of  musicians:  Note  that  the 
instruments  of  the  time  are  very  much 
like  those  of  the  Han  period,  and  include 
the  pan  pipe,  cymbals,  drums,  flute, 
sheng,  and  castanets,  or  choung  tou.  In 
all  probability,  a  full  orchestra  would 
include  blowers  of  various  horns,  harpists, 
and  singers. 

22,  32,  72.  These  are  fore-runners  of 
the  T'ang  chargers;  the  front  quarters 
are  taller  than  the  hind  end,  often  the 
exact  opposite  of  later  horses. 

80,  81.  Typical  examples  of  moon- 
faced ladies,  very  characteristic  of  many 
T'angs  and  of  some  modern  Japanese 
women. 

Tang  Dynasty 

The  glory  that  was  T'ang  includes  not 
only  courtly  splendor,  deathless  romance, 
and  radiant  poetry,  but  ceramics  bold  in 
execution  and  faithful  as  to  details.  The 
potters  disdained  to  paint  designs  where 
they  could  mold  with  paste  or  model 
with  slip.  Over  a  raised  decoration  of 
grapes  or  flowers  they  would  splash  on 
mottled  glazes,  leaving  something  for  the 
imagination.  A  mottled  T'ang  oil  of  am- 
ber brown,  green,  and  straw  yellow  glazes 
can  safely  hide  among  a  group  of  mod- 
ern majolicas.  A  blue  glaze  is  very  rarely 
used.  Unglazed  figures  are  often  beau- 
tifully painted  with  red,  black  turquoise 
green  etc.  The  variety  of  forms  is  sec- 
ond only  to  that  of  the  Hans,  and  if  the 
kind  of  animals  is  limited,  this  is  more 
than  compensated  by  the  variety  of  mor- 


tals represented — polo  players  (both  male 
and  female) ,  dancers,  acrobats,  musicians, 
officials,  dwarfs,  foreigners  (Persians, 
Indians,  Jews,  Japanese,  Turks,  Syrians, 
Mongols) ,  grooms,  sedan  carriers,  scbol- 
ars,  children,  attendants,  wine  peddlers, 
way-farers,  etc. 

The  San  Francisco  Chinese  art  senti- 
ment has  great  affinity  with  the  Tang 
and  post-Tangs.  Many  of  the  wares  of 
the  Shekwan  and  Fatshan  kilns  (in 
Kwangtung)  have  Tang  and  Sung  styles. 
And  we  in  San  Francisco  still  speak  of 
ourselves  as  "Tang  yin"  (Men  of  Tang) . 

The  glaze  of  authentic  Tangs  are  typi- 
cally but  not  always  crazed  to  a  slight  ex- 
tent and  show  a  tendency  toward  irides- 
cence. The  pastes  are  chalky  soft,  and 
since  many  of  them  were  molded,  there 
are  many  duplications.  The  number  pro- 
duced must  have  been  enormous — per- 
haps equal  to  the  present  population  of 
China.  Of  course,  many  were  destroyed 
by  time.  There  is  little  occasion  for  pot- 
ters to  make  imitations,  though  unfor- 
tunately, imitations  are  on  the  market. 
As  a  rule  the  better  art  dealers  cannot 
help  but  carry  genuine  T'ang,  while  the 
cheaper  curio  stores  invaribly  carry  imi- 
tations. It  is  very  difficult  to  tell  an  un- 
glazed figurine  except  by  style  and  the 
nature  of  the  paste. 

87.  Court  attendent.  While  the  paste 
is  Tang,  the  style  of  this  slender  lady 
belongs  to  the  Sui  period. 

92,  128,  152,  161,  202:  Dancing  la- 
dies. "They  are  almost  always  charm- 
ing in  the  simple  grace  of  their  poses, 
the  coquetry  of  their  gestures,  and  the 
rhythm  of  their  lines;  besides  which,  their 
undulating  suppleness  lends  them  an 
unbroken  movement.  .  .  .  They  are  the 
product  of  a  synthetic  realism  evidently 
aiming  at  animation  of  gesture  rather 
than  at  facial  detail  and  constitute  one  of 
the  most  pleasing  aspects  of  Tang  art." 
(Grousset) 

94.  Polo  Player:  Note  that  he  is  a 
foreigner,  probably  a  member  of  an  inter- 
national team.  Polo  was  an  invention  of 
the  pre-T'ang  period,  either  Chinese  or 
Indian  in  origin  (Chinese  Discoveries, 
Chinese  Digest.  January  10,  1936). 

106.  Man,  said  to  be  a  negrito,  but  may 
be  a  curly-haired  Dravidian. 

107.  Dancing  lady:  Note  that  the 
dress  is  definitely  Indian. 

122.  Musician  with  squash  or  gourd: 
rumba? 


N 


August,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


U     L    T     U IRE 

Chingwah   Lee 


136.  Merchant  with  wine  skin — note 
foreign  style  beard. 

139.  Seated  woman  feeding  child — 
probably  a  wet-nurse  for  an  infant's  tomb. 

131,  135,  174,  175.  Warriors.  "These 
statues,  with  their  powerfully  built  and 
brutal  realism,  in  which  force  is  insisted 
upon  for  its  own  sake,  show  better  than 
any  theory  how  far  Chinese  art  had  trav- 
elled since  the  'Gothic'  of  the  Wei 
period." 

Post-T'ang 

The  post-T'ang,  comprising  the  Five 
dynasties,  the  Sungs,  and  the  Yuans, 
saw  the  beginning  of  the  decline  of  this 
glorious  art.  Perhaps  by  that  time  they 
preferred  to  bury  their  dead  with  jade, 
as  we  still  do  today;  perhaps  they  had 
substituted  wood  for  pottery,  or  perhaps 
the  philosophy  of  Chi  Hsi  had  dampened 
the  Buddistic  faith.  At  any  rate  the 
Sungs  appeared  to  produce  them  in  less 
number.  What  they  made  may  be  di- 
vided into  two  types — a  refined  glazed 
monochrome,  and  a  toy-like  polychrome 
which  harks  back  to  the  Han  in  feeling 
and  anticpated  the  Ming  in  color.  The 
Yuan  output  is  decidedly  inferior. 

The  Ming  represents  the  last  period 
when  tomb  statuettes  were  produced.  Pos- 
sibly not  one  of  the  potters  had  seen  a 
T'ang  specimen  (T'ang  figurines  were 
not  known  to  either  modern  China  or  to 
the  West  until  some  twenty-five  years 
ago  when  engineers  cut  into  ancient  tomb 
sites  while  building  railroads) ,  and  the 
sculpture  of  the  time  was  no  help  to 
them.  What  they  succeeded  in  making 
are  stiff,  tradition-bound  figures,  which 
harked  back  to  the  pre-T'ang  in  slender- 
ness  and  awkwardness.  However,  they 
have  a  glazing  and  potting  technic  de- 
nied the  pre-T'ang.  Some  of  the  Ming 
figures,  especially  the  san  tsai,  are  not 
burial  wares.  The  Ch'ing  Dynasty  (1644- 
1911)  burned  paper  images  for  their 
dead,  together  with  paper  money,  bullion 
of  gold  and  silver  and  paper  garments, 
as  was  done  in  earlier  times.  As  late  as 
1916,  the  burial  rites  in  Chinatown  in- 
cluded the  burning  of  "kum  tung  yuk 
mui"  (golden  pages  and  jade  maidens,  of 
paper) . 

204-208:  Sung  figurines.  Note  affinity 
to  celadon  glazes. 

210-214:  Note  variety  of  colored 
glazes,  brown,  oranges,  black,  etc. 

NOTE:  A  truly  representative  art  ex- 
hibit should  include  examples  of  all  per- 
iods, and  no  attempt  should  be  made  to 
suppress  the  more  matured  works  of 
later  dynasties,  simply  because  they  are 


vjHHBHHHMiUnlL 


CHINESE  TOMB  FIGURINES:  1.  Foreigner  playing  polo  in  China.  This  is  the  most  representative 
T'ang  piece  of  the  group.  2.  Sage  with  child  and  dog.  3.  Confucian  diety,  conspicuous  by  its  rarity. 
4.  Dancing  lady.    5.  Mother  feeding   child. 


considered  decadent  by  primitive  lovers 
who  believe  that  only  with  a  growing  art 
does  one  find  creativeness.  Furthermore, 
a  judicious  selection  committee  should 
guard  against  choosing  only  the  most 
primitive  examples  of  even  the  late  period 
to  stress  the  point.  In  my  humble  esti- 
mation this  is  the  glaring  weakness  of  the 
first  exhibit  of  this  worthy  organization. 
The  same  cannot  be  said  of  the  present 
one;  and,  of  course,  an  exhibit  on  earlier 
art  is  justifiable  on  its  own  ground  alone, 
as  long  as  it  is  so  labeled. 


GltUtaie.  Wo-ikl 
o/  /lit 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  (OMPANY 

Philip    Bentz,    Resident   Partner 

441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


Poge  6 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


August,  1937 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


THE  CHINESE 
SINGLE  MEN 

By  Samuel  D.  Lee 
(Concluded  from  last  issue) 

The  single  men  included  in  this  short 
study  are  those  persons  who  were  active 
on  relief  in  January,  1936.  They  were 
men  between  the  ages  of  18  and  85  years. 
Declared  physically  unemployable  on  con- 
struction projects  operated  by  the  Works 
Progress  administration,  they  were  the 
responsibility  of  the  State  Relief  admin- 
istration, as  medical  examiners  found 
them  capable  of  doing  only  sedentary 
work.  Statistical  information  obtained 
from  this  group  varies  only  slightly  in 
degree  with  the  case  load  of  over  500 
single  men  during  the  height  of  the  de- 
pression in  the  winter  of  1934;  hence, 
it  may  be  assumed  that  this  small  group 
of  men  is  representative  of  the  unem- 
ployed single  men.  Their  problems  no 
doubt  parallel  those  of  the  men  now 
working  on  W.P.A.  projects. 

As  late  as  June,  1933,  there  were  few 
Chinese  single  men  on  relief  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. Those  who  received  public  assis- 
tance were  men  with  physical  ailments 
who  were  permanently  declared  unem- 
ployable. Other  aged  persons  without 
friends  or  relatives  were  taken  care  of 
by  various  family  associations  and  the 
Chinese  Six  companies.  This  does  not 
mean  that  prior  to  1933,  the  problem  of 
unemployment  was  not  a  serious  one  in 
the  Chinese  community.  Through  sheer 
sacrifice  and  cooperation,  family  groups 
cared  for  the  single  men.  The  Chinese 
Six  companies  has  long  since  operated  a 
relief  home  for  the  aged  but  only  a  few 
aged  persons  without  kinsmen  sought 
such  assistance. 

Sought  C.W.A.  Work 

During  the  latter  part  of  1933,  the 
Civil  Works  administration  provided 
work  for  hundreds  of  these  men  who  had 
been  certified  as  in  need  of  employment. 
Many  aged  persons  purposely  falsified 
their  ages  to  qualify  for  this  first  govern- 
mental work  project.  Upon  completion 
of  the  C.  W.  A.  program,  few  unattached 
men  sought  assistance  from  the  newly 
formed  S.E.R.A.,  the  state  agent  of  the 
Federal  Emergency  Relief  administration, 
until  work  relief  was  made  available. 

The  single  men  on  relief  came  to  this 
country  between  1870  and  1894  and  saw 
the  beginning  of  a  period  of  unrest  and 
hostility.  Legislations  were  introduced 
with  a  tinge  of  anti-Chinese  feeling. 
Newspapers  and  rumors  were  circulated 
that   the  coolie  trade   was   being   trans- 


Lim  P.  Lee 


A  member  of  Chinatown's  oldest  group 
of  single  men  who  are  now  on  relief. 

planted  to  American  soil.  Party  politics 
and  the  rise  of  the  working  man's  move- 
ment in  California  brought  about  the 
complete  success  of  the  anti-Chinese  fac- 
tion. Many  measures  were  introduced  to 
the  legislature,  each  curtailing  more  of 
the  rights  of  the  Chinese  in  America. 
In  1892,  the  bill  requiring  the  registration 
of  all  Chinese,  except  diplomats  and  their 
servants,  was  passed  despite  the  protests 
of  the  Chinese  government  and  friends  in 
sympathy  with  the  Chinese  in  this 
country. 

Era    of   Hostility 

The  anti-Chinese  agitation  had  as  its 
leader  Denis  Kearny,  a  fighting  Irish- 
man, who  had  come  to  San  Francisco  in 
1868,  as  officer  of  the  clipper,  "Shooting 
Star."  He  later  figured  in  California 
history  as  a  sandlot  orator.  Kearny  be- 
gan to  bellow  for  the  working  man  in  the 
year  of  1878.  The  Comstock  lode  was 
beginning  to  peter  out;  mine  after  mine 
had  shut  down;  the  depression  fell  heavily 
upon  San  Francisco  where  stocks  were 
owned.  Were  not  the  Chinese  to  blame 
for  the  collapse  of  the  economic  system? 

Amidst  this  ominous  atmosphere  we 
find  the  present  single  man  on  relief  grop- 
ing his  way  in  search  of  economic  oppor- 
tunities. Unlike  the  year  1850  when  they 
were  graciously  invited  to  attend  the  pub- 
lic services  commemorative  of  the  late 
President  Taylor,  they  were  now  be- 
ing persecuted  and  harassed  as  they 
sought  to  eke  out  an  existence.  Adoles- 
cents of  13  to  20  years  of  age,  they  were 
the  sons  and  relatives  of  men  who  had 
returned  to  China  with  fabulous  tales  of 
California's  hospitality.  They  eagerly 
came  to  America  to  establish  themselves, 


looking  forward  eventually  to  making 
their  homes  in  this  land  of  golden  op- 
portunities. What  a  rude  awakening 
these  newcomers  must  have  experienced 
as  they  were  stoned  and  beaten  in  their 
endeavor  to  find  their  places  in  the  coun- 
try their  ancestors  had  exemplified  as 
Utopia. 

Fatalistic  Acceptance  of  Hardship 
Without  prejudice  to  other  minority 
groups  who  experienced  similar  hardships 
during  these  trying  days  of  California's 
history,  it  can  be  truthfully  said  that 
the  heritage  of  the  Chinese  single  man 
differs  from  that  of  other  unattached 
groups.  They  realized  their  fate  and, 
without  reluctance  or  malice  in  their 
hearts,  accepted  such  treatment  as  due 
marauding  trespassers.  They  bided  their 
time,  however,  knowing  full  well  that 
America's  sense  of  justice  would  event- 
ually justify  their  tolerance  and  faith  in 
American  institutions.  This  heritage  has, 
no  doubt,  caused  the  single  man  to  de- 
lay application  for  relief  until  work  re- 
lief was  made  available,  just  as  they 
failed  to  complain  about  their  treatment 
in  the  early  days. 

Until  work  relief  was  offered,  the  Chi- 
nese depended  largely  upon  friends  and 
relatives  and  upon  their  ability  to  borrow 
without  material  security.  Fortunately 
for  most  of  them,  they  were  reared  in  a 
period  of  unrest  and  extreme  hardship. 
The  Tai  Ping  rebellion,  during  the  early 
nifties,  had  caused  such  a  collapse  of  the 
economic  structure  of  rural  China  that 
it  required  more  than  a  generation  to  re- 
build it.  Their  struggle  for  existence 
resulted  in  a  fatalistic  attitude  which  in- 
ured them  to  take  things  as  a  matter  of 
course.  To  these  men  who  had  crossed 
the  Pacific,  America  was  their  testing 
ground.  Returning  to  China  in  the  face 
of  such  extreme  hardship  would  have 
been  natural,  but  grilled  in  the  philosophy 
of  meeting  each  situation  as  it  arose,  the 
thought  of  returning  home,  without  gold, 
failed  to  enter  their  minds.  Were  not 
their  fathers  able  to  survive  the  struggle 
in  America?  Moreover,  America  offered 
far  greater  hopes  of  a  new  and  brighter 
life  than  famine  stricken  China.  To  re- 
turn to  China  would  mean  the  complete 
loss  of  "face." 

As  the  aged  single  men  tell  their  stories 
to  the  relief  agency  interviewers,  tears  are 
not  at  all  uncommon.  They  have  reached 
the  last  rung  of  the  ladder,  and  instead  of 
a  pot  of  gold,  they  have  to  seek  assist- 
ance of  a  public  charity  agency.  These 
(Continued  on   page   19) 


August  1937 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Cage  7 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


ECONOMIC  CONDITIONS  OF  OVERSEAS  CHINESE  UNDER  THREE  ELAGS 


(An  interview  with  Mr.  K.  L.  Kwong, 
President,  Bank  of  Canton,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California.) 

When  the  S.  F.  Bank  of  Canton 
opened  its  doors  for  business  two  and  a 
half  months  ago,  Chinese  businessmen 
and  merchants  found  Mr.  K.  L.  Kwong, 
their  former  Consul-General,  greeting 
them  as  the  president  of  the  institution. 
After  leaving  his  consular  post  in  San 
Francisco,  Mr.  Kwong  joined  Mr.  T.  L. 
Soong,  Commissioner  of  Finance  for 
Kwangtung  province.  From  that  post  he 
was  sent  under  the  leadership  of  Execu- 
tive Director  and  Chief  Manager  M.  Y. 
Tang  of  the  Bank  of  Canton  in  Hong- 
kong to  reorganize  the  branch  in  San 
Francisco  last  May.  A  frequent  traveler 
on  three  continents  touching  the  Pacific 
ocean,  Mr.  Kwong  has  studied  extensively 
the  economic  activities  of  the  overseas 
Chinese  in  Australia,  the  Philippines,  and 
in  North  America.  It  is  both  interesting 
and  informative  to  have  a  well-qualified 
observer  to  comment  on  the  economic 
conditions  of  our  overseas  nationals  and 
the  part  that  they  are  playing  in  the 
industrial  development  of  China. 

"Since  you  are  a  former  resident  in 
Australia,  will  you  describe  briefly  the 
conditions  of  the  overseas  Chinese  on 
that  continent?"  was  the  first  question 
put  to  Mr.  Kwong  by  your  interviewer. 

After  carefully  searching  his  memory, 
he  replied  as  follows: 

Chinese  in  Australia 

"The  first  Chinese  went  to  Australia 
about  1860  as  a  result  of  the  gold  rush 
on  that  continent.  Since  that  time  they 
have  migrated  in  large  numbers  to  that 
territory  and  spread  themselves  all  over 
the  continent.  However,  they  live  chiefly 
in  the  coastal  cities  such  as  Sydney  and 
Melbourne,  and  have  a  relatively  heavy 
concentration  in  the  state  of  Queens- 
land. There  was  a  time  when  the  Chi- 
nese population  in  Australia  was  as  high 
as  80,000,  but  now  there  remains  less 
than  40,000  due  to  the  "White  Australia" 
policy.  The  overseas  are  Cantonese  from 
Toyshan  and  Chungsan  districts  and 
large  numbers  are  employed  as  laborers  in 
the  sugar-cane  industries,  nomadic  activi- 
ties, and  animal  husbandry,  and  in  the 
gold  mines;  the  more  prosperous  Chinese 
are  in  truck  gardening,  and  also  in  limited 
mercantile  business.   It  is  this  group  that 


organized  the  large  department  stores 
in  Canton,  Hongkong,  and  Shanghai. 
Australian  overseas  Chinese  are  deeply 
interested  in  the  economic  reconstruction 
of  China." 

Consul  in  Manila 

Mr.  Kwong  served  a  term  as  Chinese 
Consul-General  at  Manila,  the  capital  of 
the  Philippine  islands,  from  1930-34,  and 
while  he  was  in  China  in  1935,  he  organ- 
ized the  Filipino-Chinese  tobacco  com- 
pany as  an  experiment  in  introducing  Fili- 
pino overseas  Chinese  capital  toward  the 
development  of  China.  Concerning  the 
overseas  Chinese  economic  conditions 
in  the  Philippines,  Mr.  Kwong  com- 
mented: 

"The  Chinese  control  55  to  60  per 
cent  of  the  economic  activities  of  the 
Philippine  islands,  and  at  one  time  con- 
trolled as  much  as  75  per  cent,  but  in 
recent  years  they  are  losing  out  to  the 
Japanese.  There  is  no  racial  discrimina- 
tion against  the  Chinese  since  the  Fili- 
pinos consider  the  Chinese  as  one  of  them. 
Hence  the  assimilation  of  the  Chinese  is 
easy  in  economic  and  in  other  activities, 
and  they  are  found  in  nearly  all  pro- 
fessional, industrial,  commercial,  and  eco- 
nomic lines  in  the  Islands. 

Ninety  per  cent  of  the  Chinese  in  the 
Philippines  are  from  the  southern  part 
of  Fukien  province,  and  their  population 
is  estimated  as  high  as  150,000;  however 
during  my  stay  in  the  Islands,  I  worked 
out  a  theoretical  census  of  120,000  Chi- 
nese there,  and  that  figure  has  been  ac- 
cepted as  official  by  the  Chinese  govern- 
ment. Unlike  the  overseas  Chinese  in 
Australia  and  North  America,  the  Chinese 
in  the  Philippine  islands  consider  the 
Islands  as  their  second  home,  with  no 
intentions  of  returning  to  China  except 
for  periodical  pleasure  trips.  There  are 
tenth  and  fifteenth  generation  Chinese 
in  the  Philippines,  and  most  of  them  have 
taken  on  Spanish  or  Filipino  surnames. 
The  Chinese  intermarry  with  the  natives 
frequently,  and  many  important  Filipino 
leaders  of  the  new  Commonwealth  have 
predominantly  Chinese  blood.  It  is  esti- 
mated that  at  least  30  to  40  per  cent  of 
the  13  million  population  of  the  Islands 
has  Chinese  blood." 

Chinese  in  U.   S. 

Concerning  the  conditions  in  North 
America  the  big  problem  is  the  lack  of 
opportunities  for  well-trained  Chinese  in 
the  higher  brackets  of  economic  life.  The 


solution  is  to  return  to  China  and  assist 
in  the  industrial  development  and  the 
economic  reconstruction  of  the  nation. 
Mr.  Kwong  added  the  suggestion  that  our 
overseas  people  should  get  the  best  pos- 
sible education  and  specialized  knowledge 
in  this  country  that  China  needs.  The 
Chinese  government  is  encouraging  the 
return  of  the  overseas  Chinese  with  cap- 
ital or  training,  and  there  are  oppor- 
tunities in  agriculture,  business,  educa- 
tion, and  government.  Through  the  in- 
crease of  Chinese  consulates  in  foreign 
ports  and  the  increased  scope  of  respon- 
sibility of  the  Overseas  Affairs  commis- 
sion the  government  is  solicitous  of  the 
Chinese  abroad. 


SOCIAL  AGENCIES 
IN  CHINATOWN 

The  Social  Research  committee, 
organized  by  the  Sociological  Data 
department  two  months  ago,  will 
soon  begin  work  on  a  study  of  the 
various  social  agencies  in  China- 
town. This  work  will  be  done  in 
conjunction  with  a  study  being 
undertaken  by  the  Central  Coordi- 
nation council,  a  committee  repre- 
senting public  welfare  agencies 
working  in  the  Central  police  dis- 
trict. 

Previous  studies  have  been  made 
on  the  pressing  needs  and  socially 
destructive  elements  in  Chinatown, 
but  there  has  never  been  any  at- 
tempt to  point  out  the  constructive 
institutions  in  the  community,  such 
as  the  churches,  social  centers,  as- 
sociations, etc.  It  is  believed  that 
there  are  as  many  as  100  distinctly 
Chinese  groups  in  Chinatown  in- 
terested in  the  welfare  of  the  peo- 
ple. An  attempt  will  be  made  to 
locate  these  groups.  In  the  cases 
of  larger  organizations,  a  short 
history  of  each  will  be  compiled. 

Readers  in  the  community  who 
are  interested  and  qualified  to  par- 
ticipate in  the  work  of  the  Social 
Research  committee  can  do  so  by 
writing  to  the  Editor  or  to  this  de- 
partment. 

Social  Research  Dept. 


Poge  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1937 


REVIEWS     AND     COMMENTS 


William   Hoy 


LIVING  CHINA  MIRRORED  IN  HER  REVOLUTIONARY  LITERATURE 


When,  several  years  ago,  Mrs.  Pearl 
Buck  became  internationally  famous  as 
a  result  of  her  second  novel,  "The  Good 
Earth,"  she  was  heralded  as  an  inter- 
preter of  China.  But,  being  honest  with 
herself,  she  did  not  feel  deserving  of 
such  a  great  honor.  "I  am  not  an  in- 
terpreter of  China,"  she  declared  in  the 
course  of  a  lecture  before  an  American 
and  Chinese  audience.  She  said  that 
China  was  too  big  for  one  person  to  in- 
terpret and  added,  significantly,  that  if 
there  was  any  interpreting  to  be  done,  the 
Chinese  themselves  are  the  proper  persons 
to  do  it. 

Since  then  the  eminent  Chinese  phi- 
lologist and  founder  of  the  modern 
"Humorist"  movement  in  China,  Lin  Yu- 
t'ang,  has  published  "My  Country  and 
My  People"  and  interpreted,  in  a  high- 
ly entertaining  manner  and  with  com- 
mon sense,  Chinese  civilization  and  cul- 
ture. His  material  is  nothing  new,  but 
his  viewpoint  is,  and  the  result  is  a  work 
stripped  of  pretensions  and  pedantry 
which  has  marred  other  books  of  its 
kind. 

Lin  Yu-t'ang  interprets  China  through 
facts.  Now  comes  another  book  which 
interprets  China  through  the  medium  of 
fiction — a  collection  of  short  stories  by 
15  native  authors,  written,  in  most  cases, 
during  the  past  decade  or  so.  The  col- 
lection is  entitled  "Living  China"  (Rey- 
nal  &  Hitchcock,  N.  Y.,  360  pp.,  #2.50) , 
translated  and  edited  by  Edgar  Snow,  an 
American  journalist  now  residing  in  Pei- 
ping. 

Those  who  are  supposedly  well-in- 
formed on  China  know  only  of  the  po- 
litical, educational,  industrial,  and  social 
changes  now  taking  place  in  the  country, 
and  a  few  also  know  of  the  renaissance 
in  art  there.  But  as  for  the  development 
of  a  new  creative  literature  (which  is  to 
say  literature  of  the  imagination,  as  the 
Chinese  have  classified  it),  which  has 
been  growing  ever  since  the  Student 
movement  of  1919,  few  people  have 
any  idea.  For  these  "Living  China"  is 
the  best  introduction.  It  will  also  be  an 
eye-opener. 

The  creative  mind  of  China  speaks 
eloquently  through  the  pages  of  this 
book.  It  speaks  of  many  things,  but 
chiefly  it  speaks  in  protest  against  the 
tyrannies  of  a  social  order  which  has  ap- 
parently outlived  its  usefulness  and  of 
the  disorder  in  present-day  society.  It 
gives  expression  to  that  part  of  the  popu- 


lace whicb  Lu  Hsun  has  characterized 
as  "voiceless  China,"  the  illiterate,  in- 
articulate masses.  It  is  strong  stuff,  writ- 
ten in  the  living  language  of  pai-hua 
(vernacular)  and  in  terms  of  vivid  real- 
ism. It  speaks  in  bitterness  and  disillu- 
sionment, in  hopelessness  and  despair — 
moods  and  attitudes  engendered  by  con- 
ditions of  the  times  under  which  these 
creative  minds  live.  "We  have  lost  the 
gift  of  seeing  life  steadily  and  seeing  it 
whole,"  wrote  Lin  Yu-t'ang  in  bis  book, 
and  the  writers  represented  in  "Living 
China"  illustrate  that  fact. 

In  a  keen  and  penetrating  introduc- 
tion, Edgar  Snow  tells  how  he  undertook 
the  task.  As  one  of  the  best  foreign 
journalists  in  the  country  today,  his 
sense  of  curiosity  was  piqued  by  the 
question,  "What  is  happening  to  the  cre- 
ative mind  of  modern  China?" 

"Anyone  at  all  sensitive  to  his  en- 
vironment cannot  help  wondering  in  Chi- 
na about  the  intellectual  activity  round 
him,  and  wanting  to  pry  into  it.  The 
hundreds  of  'interpretative'  books  on 
China  written  by  Occidentals,  and  even 
those  by  Chinese  for  Western  readers,  did 
not  satisfy.  Their  emphasis  was  all  on 
the  past.  .  . .  Alien  writers  know  very  lit- 
tle about  the  mind  of  China,  and  the 
sinologue,  generally  encrusted  with  con- 
servatism and  horror  of  all  pulsations  in- 
dicative of  change,  scrupulously  avoided 
investigating  it.  Most  of  the  Chinese 
writers  either  disparaged  modern  China 
or  presented  it  with  a  false  facade  to 
suit  the  susceptibilities  of  a  foreign 
audience.  This  was,  of  course,  before 
the  appearance  of  Lin  Yu-t'ang's  'My 
Country  and  My  People.' 

"I  wanted  to  know  what  the  Chinese 
intellectual  really  thinks  about  himself, 
what  he  talks  and  writes  about  himself 
in  Chinese.  How  do  the  present-day  up- 
per and  lower  class  Chinese,  among 
themselves,  really  work,  act,  love,  play, 
and  rationalize  their  role  in  the  design 
of  things?  What  is  significant  to  them, 
what  provides  them  with  purpose  in 
life.  .  .?  What  intellectual  imprint  has 
China's  violent  contact  with  Japan  and 
the  Western  world  left  upon  the  artist, 
and  how  does  he  express  it?  More  es- 
pecially, how  does  he  articulate  it  in  the 
imaginative  literature  he  writes  for  others 
like  himself — exclusively  for  Chinese  eyes 
and  appreciation,  and  not  with  the  no- 
tion of  pleasing  foreign  readers. . .? 


"But  wben  I  turned  to  look  for  litera- 
ture of  this  kind  I  was  astonished  to  find 
that  there  was  virtually  none  of  it  in 
English. 

"I  asked  many  Chinese  and  foreign 
friends  why  this  was  so.  Most  of  the 
foreigners  . . .  thought  it  was  because 
there  was  nothing  of  mucb  value.  But, 
I  argued,  even  if  contemporary  China 
has  produced  no  great  literature,  there 
must  be  much  of  scientific  and  sociologi- 
cal interest,  and  for  utilitarian  purposes 
alone  it  ought  to  be  made  available. . .  ." 

Mr.  Snow,  after  much  encouragement 
from  Chinese  writers,  attempted  the  job 
himself,  and  the  result  is  the  translation 
and  compilation  of  22  short  stories  and 
two  essays,  a  short  biography  of  Lu 
Hsun,  China's  greatest  fiction  writer, 
and  a  valuable  historical  essay  of  the 
Modern  Chinese  literary  movement  by 
Nym  Wales.  There  is  also  a  useful  bib- 
liography and  short  biographical  notes  of 
the  various  authors  represented.  The 
work  of  editing  was  nothing  if  not 
thorough. 

It  is  fitting  that  Lu  Hsun,  who  defi- 
nitely launched  the  short  story  movement 
in  China,  is  represented  by  six  pieces  in 
the  collection,  and  with  an  adequate  bi- 
ography. Since  the  reviewer  has  already 
sketched  Lu  Hsun's  life  in  this  column 
at  the  time  of  his  death  last  year  (Chi- 
nese Digest,  Oct.  30,  1936)  it  is  need- 
less to  go  over  it  again. 

Of  the  six  Lu  Hsun  stories,  "Benedic- 
tion" is  the  most  moving,  evoking  both 
pity  and  anger — pity  for  the  woman 
whose  life  was  one  tragedy  after  another 
through  no  fault  of  her  own,  and  anger 
against  those  who  brought  about  the 
woman's  misfortunes.  Lu  Hsun's  genius 
for  satire  is  seen  in  this  story. 

"Medicine"  is  a  story  of  superstition 
and  also  a  subtle  attack  on  the  govern- 
ment for  not  combatting  the  wide-spread 
belief  among  peasants  that  human  blood 
is  an  effective  remedy  for  consumption. 
"K'ung  I-chi"  is  a  tale  of  an  ineffectual 
and  dissipated  scholar  who  came  to  a  piti- 
ful end.  This  story  has  a  Chekhovian 
touch,  like  manv  other  of  Lu  Hsun's  cre- 
ations, for  "K'ung  I-chi"  is  reminiscent 
of  Chekhov's  ineffectual  and  futile  in- 
tellectuals of  Russia's  dving  order  in  the 
last  days  of  the  Czarist  regime.  Manv  of 
Lu  Hsun's  and  Anton  Chekhov's  crea- 
tions are  men  and  women  of  decaying 
social  milieu,  people  who  were  intelligent, 
yet  incapable  of  action,  becoming  decad- 


%^#*g,  ■'-  '"»**>>• : r.:**«%$g^mm<~ 


August,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


REVIEWS     AND     COMMENTS 


ent  or  pessimistic  and  finding  excuses  for 
their  social  uselessness. 

However,  there  is  this  difference  be- 
tween the  great  Russian  and  the  equally 
great  Chinese  short  story  writer:  Chekhov 
wrote  without  any  intended  propaganda, 
since  he  believed  that  an  artist  must  be  a 
free  entity.  Lu  Hsun  disdained  the  idea 
of  art  for  art's  sake.  He  wrote  stories 
like  "K'ung  I-chi"  in  order  that  the 
youths  who  are  his  readers  can  see  the  re- 
alities of  the  time  "with  opened  eyes 
and  a  clear  mind  and  work  for  an  en- 
lightened society."  He  believed  that  the 
educated  youth,  "read  in  a  class  which 
is  fast  decaying,  .  .  .  alone  can  under- 
stand it,  destroy  it,  and  create  an  in- 
telligent social  order." 

"Slave  Mother,"  by  Jou  Shih,  ranks 
in  narrative  power  and  technique  with 
some  of  the  best  stories  ever  written  by 
Occidental  writers  of  the  school  of  real- 
ism. It  tells  of  the  wife  of  a  poor  fur 
dealer  who  was  hired  out  to  bear  a  child 
for  another  man.  When  she  returns  to 
her  husband  after  fulfilling  her  duty,  her 
heart  was  torn  between  the  child  she 
had  borne  for  the  other  man  and  the 
one  by  her  husband.  The  mood  of  the 
story  is  one  of  oppression,  a  mood  sus- 
tained from  start  to  finish.  "Slave 
Mother"  is  a  model  for  writers  of  the 
"revolutionary  realism"  movement  in 
Chinese  literature  today. 

Mao  Tun,  an  outstanding  novelist,  is 
represented  by  two  stories,  one  an  intro- 
spective piece  of  a  girl  driven  to  suicide 
as  a  result  of  a  secret  love  affair,  and 
another,  "Mud,"  which  is  an  episode  of 
some  peasants'  reactions  and  fates  at- 
tending the  coming  of  revolutionaries. 

The  writer  with  the  musical  name  of 
Ting  Ling  is  the  best  known  contem- 
porary woman  author  in  China.  Her 
story,  "The  Flood,"  describes,  with  skilled 
technique,  the  thoughts  of  several  village 
women  as  they  fearfully  wait  for  the 
coming  of  a  flood. 

An  example  of  the  length  in  which  the 
"revolutionary  realism"  movement  in  Chi- 
nese writing  has  gone  is  illustrated  in 
Shen  Ts'ung-Wen's  "Pai  Tzu,"  which 
describes  a  sailor's  visit  to  his  favorite 
mistress.  It  follows  the  compact  natural- 
istic method  developed  by  Maupassant, 
but  even  more  revealing  in  details  than 
the  French  master. 

"Ah  Ao,"  by  Sun  Hsi-chen,  a  prolific 
author  and  translator  (Upton  Sinclair, 
Gorki,  Shelley),  tells  of  a  village  girl 
who  was  seduced  and  was  banished  from 
her  home  at  the  command  of  the  village 


William  Hoy 


Lu     Hsun — the     greatest    short    story 
writer    of    his    period. 


elders  for  her  deflection  from  the  social 
codes.  Like  Lu  Hsun's  "Benediction" 
and  Jou  Shih's  "Slave  Mother,"  this 
story  is  also  one  of  vigorous  social  pro- 
test. Why  should  Ah  Ao  alone  suffer 
punishment  for  her  act  and  not  the 
man  also?  The  author  questions  in  this 
story  the  validity  of  the  traditional  double 
standard  of  sexual  morality.  "Ah  Ao" 
is  a  bitter  tale,  surcharged  with  poign- 
ancy. 

Yu  Ta-Fu  is  chief  representative  of 
impressionism,  although  he  himself  terms 
his  work  "decadent  romanticism."  He 
won  his  fame  in  the  twenties  when  the 
literary  movement  leaned  heavily  for 
several  years  toward  romanticism  of  the 
Goethe-Stendhal-Rousseau-Dumas  school . 
Like  a  great  many  of  his  stories,  "Wis- 
taria and  Dodder"  is  written  in  letter 
form  and  recounts  the  emotional  trag- 
edy of  a  young  couple  whose  marriage 
was  arranged  by  their  parents.  It  is  the 
man  who  writes  the  story  and  who  cries 
out  ". . .  it  isn't  us  who  are  responsible 
for  the  tragedy  of  today,  but  our  parents 
— not  us,  but  China!"  It  is  at  once  a 
cry  of  despair  and  of  protest. 

Kuo  Mo- Jo  is  another  romanticist  whose 
writings — in  themes  and  technique — 
closely  resembles  Yu  Ta-Fu.    However, 


Kuo's  writing  is  more  vigorous  and  his 
viewpoint  more  hopeful,  and  as  a  result 
his  romanticism  is  more  acceptable  to 
young  China  today  than  Yu  Ta-Fu,  whose 
subjective  work  is  more  or  less  outmoded. 
Kuo  Mo-Jo  is  represented  by  one  story, 
"Dilemma,"  which  also  deals  with  love 
and  marriage. 

'Fragment  From  a  Lost  Diary,"  by 
Shih  Ming,  pseudonym  of  a  girl  writer, 
is  another  bitter  tale,  compactly  yet  su- 
perbly told,  and  achieves  a  strong  emo- 
tional impact.  A  girl  revolutionary,  ly- 
ing in  a  Peiping  lodging  house  while 
waiting  for  her  child  to  be  born,  sick,  torn 
with  conflicting  emotions,  writes  a  diary 
in  order  to  take  her  mind  off  her  pains. 
Her  stormy  thoughts  center  about  the 
revolution,  the  man  she  loves,  and  the 
life  within  her  that  is  still  unborn.  She 
is  torn  between  her  maternal  instincts 
and  cold  reality:  she  wants  to  know  the 
joy  and  the  power  of  motherhood,  but 
she  also  knows  "that  for  the  pauperized 
millions  to  bear  children  in  society  as  at 
present  disorganized  is  simply  to  increase 
the  number  of  those  living  in  hopeless 
misery.  Every  child  thrust  from  the 
womb  of  a  sick,  underfed,  unattended 
mother  just  so  much  further  degrades 
the  disinherited.  For  the  child  of  poverty 
there  lies  ahead  nothing  but  hunger,  in- 
sults, ignorance,  abuse,  bitterness,  and 
no  hint  of  the  spiritual  exaltation  that 
divides  men  from  beasts  of  the  jungle. 
For  us  the  problem  of  new  life  is  the 
problem  of  life  as  we  know  it  now,  our- 
selves, and  this  we  cannot  unconscionably 
impose  upon  the  unborn." 

The  story  ends  in  inevitable  tragedy. 
The  girl's  lover  is  arrested,  and  she  dies 
after  taking  a  double  dose  of  pills  in- 
tended for  abortion. 

With  the  possible  exceptions  of  Lin 
Yu-T'ang  and  Yu  Ta-Fu,  all  the  writers 
represented  in  LIVING  CHINA  are 
Left  wing  "revolutionary"  or  "proletar- 
ian" (the  two  words  are  used  synon- 
ymously in  China)  authors.  There  is  sig- 
nificance in  the  fact  that  the  most  vital 
writings  in  contemporary  Chinese  litera- 
ture are  from  the  pens  of  Left  authors. 
In  an  interview  given  Edgar  Snow,  Lu 
Hsun,  before  his  death  last  year,  ex- 
plained the  development  of  Left  culture 
thus: 

"China  cannot  go  through  a  period  of 
true  bourgeois  literary  development,  any 
more  than  it  can  go  through  a  period  of 
independent  bourgeois  political  develop- 
ment. There  is  no  time  for  it,  and  no 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


Page  10 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


August,  1937 


FAR     EAST 


CONFLICT  IN 
NORTH  CHINA 

The  following  is  a  resume  giving  the 
highlights  of  the  Sino- Japanese  armed 
conflict  in  Peiping  which  began  on  July 
7  and  which,  on  July  27,  still  showed 
no  signs  of  abatement  of  hostilities: 

At  11  p.  m.  on  the  night  of  July  7 
Japanese  troops  from  the  Fengtai  bar- 
racks near  Peiping,  conducting  night 
maneuvers  around  Wanpinhsien  and 
Lukouchiao,  suddenly  became  engaged  in 
armed  conflict  with  Chinese  soldiers  en- 
trusted with  the  defense  of  that  area. 
After  a  few  casualties  on  each  side  a  truce 
was  arranged  and  the  incident,  considered 
as  having  been  "localized,"  was  closed. 

But  within  24  hours  fighting  was  re- 
newed, and  this  time  it  was  serious  and 
the  casualties  heavy.  Each  side  charged 
that  the  incident  of  the  night  before  was 
started  by  the  other.  A  Chinese  official 
communique  stated,  referring  to  that  in- 
cident: "The  Japanese  fired  first  after 
certain  persons  had  fired  on  Japanese 
emerging  from  Fengtai  barracks  for  night 
maneuvers.  .  .  ."  But  no  one  could  es- 
tablish the  actual  cause  of  the  incident. 

Hostilities  continued,  with  the  Japanese 
pressing  closer  and  closer  to  Peiping. 
Clashes  continued  over  the  week  end. 
Official  reports  emanating  from  both  sides 
indicated  the  other  was  sending  troops 
to  the  area  of  conflict.  Gen.  Sung  Cheh- 
yuan,  chairman  of  the  Hopei-Charhar 
political  council,  dispatched  his  crack 
29th  army  against  the  Japanese.  Chiang 
Kai-Shek  was  reported  as  sending  his  best 
troops  north,  at  least  60,000  soldiers.  The 
Japanese  were  also  reported  as  sending 
their  famed  Kwangtung  army  from 
Manchukuo.  First  reports  estimated 
20,000  were  being  dispatched,  then  40,- 
000,  and  finally  an  estimated  100,000. 
According  to  foreign  and  native  of- 
ficial press  reports,  both  countries  were 
preparing  for  a  major  war,  but  no  by- 
line foreign  correspondents  or  press  serv- 
ice spot  observers  could  confirm  all  the 
rumors  and  reports  they  got  from  official 
Chinese  and  Japanese  army  sources.  For 
a  week  all  the  news  that  came  out  of 
Tientsin,  Nanking,  Shanghai,  and  Pei- 
ping was  "it  is  reported,"  "it  is  said," 
and  "it  is  believed"  dispatches. 

In  Tokyo,  Japanese  premier  Fumimaro 
Konoye  and  Foreign  Minister  Koki  Hirota 
issued  to  the  world  bland  statements  which 
explained  nothing,  and  then  sat  tight, 
apparently  letting  events  in  North  China 
take  their  natural  courses.  The  Nanking 
foreign  office,  however,  handed  a  note  to 
the  Japanese  embassy  officials  demanding 


that  the  Japanese  government  formally 
apologize  for  the  hostilities  in  North 
China,  punish  the  Japanese  officers  re- 
sponsible for  the  incident  and  pay  an  in- 
demnity for  Chinese  casualties. 

The  reply  from  the  Japanese  govern- 
ment was  a  counter-demand  to  Nanking 
which  contained  the  following  points: 

1.  Withdrawal  of  all  Chinese  troops 
from  the  fighting  zone; 

2.  Punishment  of  all  Chinese  troops 
held  responsible  for  the  outbreak  at  Pei- 
ping; 

3.  Absolute  suppression  of  all  anji- 
Japanese  movements; 

4.  Support  of  Japan's  anti-commun- 
ism drive. 

The  Japanese  Charge  d' Affairs  at 
Nanking  also  let  it  be  known  that  the 
Chinese  central  government  should  not 
interfere  with  any  regional  agreement  ne- 
gotiated between  Tokyo  and  Peiping,  "to 
meet  purely  local  conditions." 

But  Nanking  was  not  to  be  fooled  or 
browbeaten.  Generalissimo  Chiang  Kai- 
Shek  issued  a  statement  which  left  no 
doubt  about  whether  or  not  the  central 
government  would  recognize  any  local 
settlement  of  the  incident.  His  statement 
concluded  with  the  following  four  points: 

"1.  Any  settlement  must  not  infringe 
upon  our  territorial  integrity. 

"2.  The  status  of  the  Hopei-Charhar 
political  council  has  been  fixed  by  the 
Central  government  and  hence  we 
should  not  allow  any  illegal  alteration 
of  it. 

"3.  We  will  not  agree  to  removal  of 
local  officials  appointed  by  the  Central 
government. 

"4.  We  will  not  allow  any  restriction 
to  be  placed  upon  positions  now  held  by 
our  29th  army  outside  Peiping." 

Meanwhile  the  Western  powers,  par- 
ticularly the  United  States,  Great  Brit- 
ain, and  France,  were  watching  with  anx- 
ious interest  the  conflict  in  North  China 
which  was  growing  more  serious  and 
more  war-like  each  day.  By  this  time  the 
Japanese  were  reported  to  have  massed 
army,  navy,  and  air  forces  within  striking 
distance  of  the  important  coastal  cities 
of  central  and  south  China.  Nanking  was 
said  to  have  concentrated  the  best  fight- 
ing troops  in  the  country,  including  com- 
munist forces  who  have  pledged  their 
aid  to  Chiang  Kai-Shek,  near  the  fighting 
zone.  The  official  Chinese  Central  news 
agency  was  reporting  on  Japanese  move- 
ments, while  the  semi-official  Japanese 
Domei  agency  was  informing  the  world 
on  China's  preparation  for  war.  From 
the  reports  of  neither  side  could  a  true 


picture  of  the  situation  in  North  China 
be  obtained. 

On  July  16,  U.  S.  Secretary  of  State 
Cordell  Hull,  after  a  general  consultation 
with  Britain's  foreign  office,  issued  a 
statement  in  which  he  clearly  indicated 
that  the  North  China  situation  was  af- 
fecting American  interests.  Two  of  the 
most  important  paragraphs,  which  many 
observers  interpreted  as  America's  pres- 
ent foreign  policy,  read: 

"There  can  be  no  serious  hostilities 
anywhere  in  the  world  which  will  not 
in  one  way  or  another  affect  interests, 
rights,  or  obligations  of  this  country. 

"We  avoid  entering  into  alliances  or 
entangling  commitments,  but  we  believe 
in  cooperative  effort  by  peaceful  and 
practicable  means  in  support  of  the  prin- 
ciples hereinbefore  stated." 

The  pronouncement  bluntly  informs 
the  nations  contemplating  war  that  the 
U.  S.,  while  consistently  advocating 
peace,  will  insist  on  a  strict  international 
regard  for  her  rights. 

But  Japanese  Ambassador  Shizer  Ka- 
wagoe,  commenting  on  the  Hull  state- 
ment, declared  that  America's  attitude 
"has  no  bearing  on  the  present  situation." 
"The  situation  (in  North  China)  is  of 
no  concern  to  the  signatories  of  the  nine- 
power  treaty  or  of  other  foreign  powers." 

And  the  Japanese  government  evi- 
denced her  defiance  of  the  United  States 
warning  by  pouring  more  troops  into 
the  fighting  area. 

As  hostilities  continued  on  their  second 
week  an  Associated  Press  dispatch  which 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


Serve 

BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at    your    next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW   CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

820  Pacific  Ave.        DOuglaj  0547 
San  Franciaco,  California 


August,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  11 


HEALTH     HINTS 


CHINESE  COOKING  CLASS 
TOURS  MILK  PLANT 

Forty  enthusiastic  members  of  Miss 
Lillian  Yuen's  cooking  class  visited  Bor- 
den's Dairy  delivery  company  on  Thurs- 
day afternoon,  July  22,  and  under  the 
guidance  of  Mr.  Claire  Herold,  learned 
the  intricacies  of  modern  milk  distribu- 
tion. 

The  first  thing  to  greet  their  eyes  was 
the  three-storied  bottling  apparatus,  en- 
closed by  spotless  tiled  walls,  glass  roof, 
and  well-scrubbed  cement  floors.  From 
gigantic  tanks  the  milk  is  drawn  through 
stainless  steel  tubes,  which  heat  the  milk 
to  a  temperature  of  142  degrees  Fahren- 
heit, whence  it  is  sucked  into  five  tubes 
which  hold  the  milk  at  that  temperature 
for  30  minutes.  Next  it  is  drawn  into 
cooling  tubes  where  indirect  contact  with 
ice  water  soon  brings  it  down  to  40  de- 
grees. Here  it  is  bottled  at  the  rate  of 
240  bottles  per  minute  and  then  loaded 
on  trucks  by  continuous  conveyors. 

One  of  the  integral  features  of  the 
plant  is  the  scientific  testing,  in  com- 
pletely equipped  laboratories,  of  milk  for 
butter  fat  content,  vitamines,  and  bac- 
terial content.  Milk  with  a  high  bacterial 
count  is  instantly  rejected  and  inspection 
of  the  dairy  farm  from  whence  it  came  is 


ordered.  Other  highlights  of  the  tour 
included  viewing  the  heating  and  cool- 
ing system  and  ice-manufacturing  rooms, 
where  300-pound  cubes  are  made  by 
means  of  a  huge  "frigidaire."  Here  are 
indeed  all  the  latest  marvels  of  dairy 
science  and  invention — giant  bottle  wash- 
ers, automatic  pasteurizers,  complete  lab- 
oratory control. 

The  visit  proved  both  educational  and 
highly  interesting.    Any  group   desiring 
to  visit  the  plant  will  please  communicate 
with  the  Chinese  Digest. 
o 

Good  milk  is  better  milk  when  pas- 
teurized. 

Cream  your  foods  to  improve  dietary 
value. 

Milk  is  the  ideal  Whole  food  for  adults 
as  well  as  children. 


Have  you  any  friends  who 
would  be  interested  in  receiving  a 
copy  of  the  Chinese  Digest  and 
who  would  enjoy  its  contents? 

If  so,  send  us  their  names  and 
addresses,  and  trial  copies  will  be 
sent  to  them. 

HELP   US  GET  NEW  READERS 


CHINESE  RECIPE  USING  MILK 
"Gai  Yung  Suk  Mai" 

Melt  four  tablespoonfuls  of  butter  in 
skillet.  Stir  in  equal  amount  of  flour. 
Just  before  flour  browns,  stir  in  one  pint 
of  milk  slowly  until  mixture  thickens. 
Add  one  can  of  corn.  Allow  whole  to 
heat.  Add  one  pint  of  boneless  diced 
chicken.  Season  with  salt,  pepper,  and 
paprika.   Serve  steaming  hot  with  rice. 

This  recipe  is  most  popular  in  Shang- 
hai at  present,  it  being  considered  a 
"western"  delicacy  in  the  Orient. 

MISS  EDNA  JUNG  RECEIVES 
RELIGIOUS  HABIT 

New  York  City — Miss  Edna  Jung  of 
San  Francisco  recently  received  her  re- 
ligious habit  at  a  ceremony  of  profession 
and  reception  in  which  eleven  novices 
publicly  pronounced  the  simple  vows  of 
religion  at  the  Motherhouse  of  the  Con- 
gregation of  the  Foreign  Sisters  of  St. 
Dominic  (Maryknoll  Sisters)  here. 

Miss  Jung  is  the  first  American-born 
Chinese  girl  to  enter  the  Catholic  relig- 
ious life.  She  was  admitted  to  the  Mary- 
knoll convent  last  January.  Her  family 
lives  in  San  Francisco.  (Chinese  Digest, 
Feb.   1937.) 


CHINESE  PHYSICIANS  AND  DENTISTS  ENDO&SINd  IMLK  AS  THE  IDEAL  FOOD 


ALICE  AH  TYE,  D.D.S. 
San  Francisco 


DAVID  K.  CHANG,  M.D. 
716  Pacific  St 


A.  B.  CHINN,  M.D. 
755  Clay  St. 


HELEN  T.  CHINN,  M.D. 
755  Clay  St. 


HENRY  D.  CHEU,  M.D. 
869  Washington  St. 


MARGARET  CHUNG,  M.D. 
752  Sacramento  St. 


COLLIN  H.  DONG,  M.D. 
949    Stockton 


JAMES  H.  HALL,  M.D. 
848  Jackson  St. 


ALFRED  F.  JUE,  D.D.S. 
619    Kearny   St. 


S.  L.  H.  LAMB,  M.D. 
243  Joice  St. 


CHANG  W.  LEE,   D.D.S. 
San    Francisco 


DAN   LEE,  D.D.S. 
San  Francisco 


THEODORE  C.  LEE,  D.D.S. 
843  Clay  St. 


CHIN  Y.  LOW,  M.D. 
750   Grant   Ave. 


K.  C.  WONG,  D.D.S. 
823  Grant  Ave. 


ROSE  GOONG-WONG,  M.D. 
823  Grant  Ave. 


J.  T.  YEE,  D.D.S. 
640  Broadway 


See  later  issues  for 
other  endorsements. 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1937 


THE    JADE    BOX 


P'ing  Yu 


ANOTHER  HOUSING 
PROBLEM 

Chinatown's  housewives  are  up  in  arms, 
or  soon  will  be! 

Last  month  the  San  Francisco  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Health  condemned  several 
buildings  in  Chinatown  after  a  prolonged 
hearing,  then  gave  the  owners  90  days 
to  conform  to  health  standards  or  suffer 
their  buildings  to  be  torn  down. 

This  in  itself  is  disquieting,  but  when 
we  consider  that  other  buildings  in  this 
area  must  soon  follow  suit,  that  the  De- 
partment may  force  closer  conformity  to 
health  requirements  in  this  world-famed 
Chinatown,  one  wonders  what  the  land- 
lords are  going  to  do. 

It  isn't  as  if  one  could  move  into  other 
buildings  or  houses  immediately.  Every 
nook  and  cranny  in  Chinatown  is  being 
utilized.  We  cannot  move  outside  of  the 
district  because  of  "restrictions." 

So  the  unfortunate  housewife  must — if 
she  lives  at  present  in  one  of  these  nearly 
condemned  buildings — be  prepared  to  do 
one  of  two  things:  she  must  move  to 
higher  rental  quarters,  if  such  are  avail- 
able ("for  rent"  signs  are  taken  down 
almost  before  they  are  up),  or  else  live 
in  temporary  places  until  the  condemned 
buildings  are  put  into  shape.  There 
again  she  will  be  faced  with  probable  in- 
creases in  rental,  for  someone  must  pay 
for  the  improvements. 

Now  almost  every  outsider  wonders  why 
Chinatown  lives  under  such  adverse  con- 
ditions. The  answer  lies  in  the  fact  that 
rentals  in  Chinatown  are  about  25  to  50 
per  cent  higher  than  in  any  other  resi- 
dential district  in  the  city! 

That  we  are  necessarily  alarmed  may 
be  summed  up  in  the  words  of  one  of  our 
rent  collectors,  who  attended  the  hearing: 
"Where  will  these  families  move  to?" 

The  other  question  is:  "If  improve- 
ments are  made,  how  will  the  families  be 
able  to  meet  the  increased  rentals?" 


My  ^-auo-^Ue  Recipe. 

HUNG  YAN 
GAI  DING 
(ALMOND  CHICKEN) 

It's  simply  dee-licious  and  yet  it's  so 
simply  simple  to  cook  that  you'd  never 
believe  you  prepare  it  with  your  own  little 
hands.  Remember  the  last  time  you  were 
in  Chinatown  how  you  gesticulated  to  the 
waiter  and  looked  up  and  down  the 
menu  (on  the  left  hand  side  THIS  time) , 
and,  well,  if  he  finally  didn't  bring  you 
"hung  yan  gai  ding,"  and  you  were  "all 
appetite." 

For  four  servings,  you  will  need  2 
cups  of  diced  chicken  (uncooked),  % 
cup  of  "hung  yan"  (Chinese  almonds), 
K  cup  diced  bamboo  shoots  and  a  couple 
of  Chinese  mushrooms,  if  desired. 
(Mushrooms  must  first  be  washed  in 
several  rinsings  of  lukewarm  water  and 
allowed  to  stand  so  they  may  soften. 
Never  squeeze  the  water  out  of  mush- 
rooms as  this  tends  to  take  out  the  char- 
acteristic taste.) 

First,  season  the  chicken  with  salt,  soy 
sauce,  and  a  dash  of  sugar.  Let  stand 
for  10  to  15  minutes  while  you  brown 
the  almonds  in  a  frying  pan  on  a  very, 
very  low  fire — no  oil  is  necessary  for 
this. 

Remove  almonds,  add  4  tablespoons 
peanut  oil  (or  any  other  grease),  turn 
gas  on  medium.  When  peanut  oil  is  hot 
pour  in  chicken,  stirring  constantly  (bam- 
boo chop  sticks  are  best  for  use  in  Chi- 
nese cooking.) 

When  chicken  is  almost  done,  add  the 
bamboo  shoots  and  mushrooms.  Lastly, 
add  the  almonds.  Continue  to  saute  until 
done. 

Prepare  a  thin  sauce  with  1  tablespoon 
flour  (2  if  you  prefer  thick  gravy) ,  salt 
and  sugar  to  taste,  1  tablespoon  soy 
sauce,  and  %  cup  of  cold  water.  Mix 
thoroughly. 

Turn  gas  low,  add  sauce  gradually, 
stirring  constantly  all  the  while.  When 
sauce  comes  to  boil,  remove  from  fire. 


- 

HOWELL,  DOUGLASS  &  CO. 

Members 
New  York  Stock  Exchange       San  Franciscc 
San  Francisco  Curb  Exchange       Chicago 

)  Stock  Exchange 
Stock  Exchange 

SAN  FRANCISCO 
317  Montgomery,  225  Columbus  Ave. 

Telephone  Douglas  0131 

PALO  ALTO,  561  Ramona  St 

NEW  YORK,  40  Wall  St. 

Top  with  finely  sliced  Chinese  green 
onions  and  Chinese  parsley.  Serve  with 
hot  rice. 

I  hope  by  this  time  you  have  acquired 
the  knack  of  cooking  good  rice.  Serving 
good  rice  is  equvalent  to  knowing  what 
brand  of  bread  to  buy.  Truly,  rice  is  "the 
freshest  thing  in  town,"  has  its  own 
"certificate  of  ingredients,"  when  it 
comes  from  China,  and  is  approved  by 
good  housekeepers. 

CHINESE    DELEGATION 
TO  PAN-PACIFIC 
WOMEN'S  CONFERENCE 

Three  women,  two  of  them  American- 
born,  made  up  the  delegation  represent- 
ing China  to  the  fourth  Pan-Pacific 
Women's  conference  held  recently  at 
Vancouver,  B.  C,  from  July  12  to  24. 
The  leader  of  the  delegation  was  Mrs. 
H.  C.  Mei,  chairman  of  the  Shanghai 
Chinese  women's  club,  followed  by  Mrs. 
B.  K.  Wong,  vice-president  of  the  same 
organization,  and  Miss  Chen  Mei-yu,  a 
junior  technical  expert  in  the  health  ad- 
ministration of  the  Chinese  central  gov- 
ernment. 

Attending  the  Conference  as  repre- 
sentative of  China's  modern  womanhood, 
part  of  the  delegates'  purpose  was  also  to 
be  publicity  agents  for  China.  To  ful- 
fill that  object  they  took  with  them  to 
the  Conference  a  large  silk  flag  of  the 
Chinese  Republic,  200  pairs  of  typical 
Chinese  scissors  and  many  calendars 
mounted  on  silk  backgrounds.  These 
they  distributed  to  the  members  of  the 
other  delegations. 

Mrs.  Mei  is  a  native  of  Honolulu  and 
a  graduate  of  Columbia  university.  She 
has  been  active  in  club  and  social  service 
work  in  China  for  many  years.  The  or- 
ganization which  she  heads  today  is  al- 
most twenty  years  old. 

Mrs.  Wong  was  born  in  Olympia, 
Washington,  and  like  Mrs.  Mei,  has 
also  been  prominently  associated  in  social 
service  activities  in  China. 

"Of  us  three  delegates  .  .  .  only  one  is 
qualified  to  discuss  the  extremely  techni- 
cal aspects  of  the  subjects  to  be  dis- 
cussed," said  Mrs.  Mei,  before  the  de- 
parture of  the  delegation  from  China. 
She  was  referring  to  Miss  Chen  Mei-yu, 
the  only  one  of  the  three  women  who 
was  born  in  China.  Miss  Chen  also  holds 
degrees  from  Columbia  university. 

The  three  Chinese  delegates  are  ex- 
pected to  visit  several  American  cities  be- 
fore returning  home.  They  arc  espec- 
ially anxious  to  see  the  prcsent-dav  soc- 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


August,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


KING  LAN  CHEW- 
INTERPRETER  OF  THE  DANCE 

Sometimes  first  impressions  are  the 
most  vivid,  most  lasting  ones.  Anyway, 
the  writer  who  sat  opposite  the  desk 
from  the  young  lady  gained  several 
pleasant  initial  impressions  of  her  out- 
ward personality. 

First  of  all  you  notice  her  eyes.  They 
are  at  once  scintillating,  provocative, 
alert,  shining  with  intelligence  and,  as 
you  talk  to  her,  flashing  with  good 
humor.  This  last  quality  is  more  evident 
when  she  smiles  and  laughs.  But  behind 
the  humorous  sparkles  of  her  eyes  also 
lie  seriousness  and  steady  purpose.  They 
are  eyes  which  reflect  the  mind  behind 
them. 

Her  mouth,  which  in  another  woman 
might  be  called  large,  in  this  case 
matches  perfectly  with  the  rest  of  the 
owner's  features,  for  her  face  is  almost 
completely  round,  like  a  full  moon.  And, 
of  course,  her  hair  is  done  in  the  tradi- 
tional Chinese  manner,  being  parted  in 
the  middle  and  brushed  back  behind  the 
ears.  Somehow,  all  Chinese  women  can 
look  their  best  when  their  hair  is  combed 
in  this  simple  fashion,  instead  of  ap- 
plying heated  irons  and  electrical  gad- 
gets to  it  to  achieve  queer  and  artificial  ef- 
fects. In  this  matter  of  feminine  in- 
terest, at  least,  what  is  traditional  is  the 
best. 

Such  are  some  of  the  first  impressions, 
mental  and  ocular,  one  gets  on  meeting 
Miss  King  Lan  (Caroline)  Chew,  who  is 
not  only  the  premier  but  the  one  and 
only  Chinese  exponent  of  the  pure  dance 
in  America  today.  This  distinction  she 
has  won  by  virtue  of  love,  years  of  hard 
work,  and  a  good  deal  of  business  sense. 
In  her  the  artist  and  the  practical  woman 
are  one. 

Early    Life 

To  San  Francisco  Chinese,  of  course, 
King  Lan  Chew  is  no  stranger,  just  as 
Anna  May  Wong  of  movie  and  stage 
fame  is  no  stranger  to  her  own  people 
in  Los  Angeles.  King  Lan,  or  Caroline, 
as  you  prefer  one  or  the  other,  is  a  native 
of  San  Francisco,  and  almost  any  China- 
townian  can  tell  you  something  of  her 
forebears  and  her  early  life  here  if  you 
are  interested.  Her  father  was  the  late 
venerable  Dr.  Ng  Poon  Chew,  journal- 
ist, Presbyterian  preacher,  and  lecturer 
on  Sino-American  relations,  one  of  those 
hardy  pioneers  whose  names  will  remain 
indelibly  in  the  annals  of  the  Chinese  in 
America.  Dr.  Chew  did  not,  as  is  popu- 
larly believed,  found  the  first  Chinese 
daily  newspaper  in  this  country  (see  Chi. 


A  recent  picture  of  Miss  King  Lan  Chew 


Dig.,  April  10,  1936)  but  he  did  launch 
one  which  is  still  in  existence  today.  This 
is  the  Chung  Sai  Yat  Po,  born  in  1900. 

Several  children  were  born  to  Ng 
Poon  Chew,  the  last  to  arrive  being  King 
Lan,  whose  name  means  the  last  orchid, 
being  the  name  also  of  a  relative.  Her 
childhood  was  uneventful,  and  if  she 
had  any  ambition  toward  the  art  of  the 
dance,  she  kept  it  a  deep  secret.  She  re- 
ceived her  share  of  American  and  Chi- 
nese education  as  did  her  sisters  and  con- 
ducted herself  just  as  other  Chinatown- 
ians  did. 

A  Desire  to   Dance 

But  the  last  orchid  was  to  blossom  out 
differently  than  the  parent  stem  wanted 


her  to.  The  germ  of  creativity,  which 
obeys  no  law  of  heredity  and  is  subject 
to  no  special  environment,  began  to  stir 
in  King  Lan's  heart  when  she  was  quite 
small.  She  wanted  to  dance.  Her  young 
limbs  were  eager  to  execute  rhythmic 
movements  and  to  whirl  to  the  strains  of 
vigorous  occidental  music,  and  her  hands 
yearned  to  express  the  langorous  music 
of  the  Orient. 

So  between  her  school  studies  King  Lan 
took  dance  lessons.  When  her  fond  par- 
ents discovered  that  she  was  smitten  with 
this  strange  desire,  there  was  a  stern  dis- 
approval. It  was  unthinkable  that  a 
daughter  from  a  respectable  and  re- 
(Continued  on  page  18) 


Page   14 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


CHINATOWNIA 


August,  1937 


TWO  HAWAIIAN  CHINESE 
RECEIVE  APPOINTMENTS 

Honolulu,  T.  H. — Two  native-born 
Chinese  have  recently  received  public  ap- 
pointments in  this  territory,  and  both  in 
positions  never  before  given  any  Chinese. 

The  first  is  Ernest  S.  Ing,  practicing 
attorney  here,  who  has  been  appointed 
district  magistrate  in  Waianae,  on  the 
Island  of  Oahu,  by  Chief  Justice  James 
L.  Coke  of  the  supreme  court  of  Hawaii. 
Mr.  Ing  succeeds  Judge  John  M.  Bright. 

The  second  is  Peter  E.  Chu,  a  local 
businessman,  who  has  been  appointed 
administrator  of  the  Honolulu  county 
bureau  of  unemployment  compensation. 
He  will  take  office  upon  final  instructions 
from  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mr.  Chu,  a  University  of  Wisconsin 
graduate,  is  president  of  the  Chinese  uni- 
versity club  and  past  president  of  the 
Hawaiian  Chinese  civic  association. 


MUSIC  CLUB  FETES 
11TH  ANNIVERSARY 

San  Francisco — While  the  rest  of  the 
city  was  celebrating  July  4th,  the  Nam 
Chung  musical  society  here,  composed  of 
professional  and  non-professional  musi- 
cians in  Chinatown,  celebrated  the  elev- 
enth year  of  its  existence  as  an  organi- 
zation. The  society,  which  has  its  own 
headquarters  in  the  heart  of  the  com- 
munity, boasts  the  best  native  orchestra 
on  the  Pacific  Coast. 


GALA  BIRTHDAY  FETE 
GIVEN  YEAR-OLD  BABY 

New  Orleans,  La. — What  is  perhaps 
the  most  lavish  and  pretentious  birth- 
day celebration  given  a  Chinese  baby  in 
recent  years  among  the  Chinese  in  Amer- 
ica was  the  one  for  Edson  Tung,  given 
by  his  parents,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles 
Tung,  on  the  former's  first  birthday 
here  July  25th. 

The  clebration  was  held  at  the  Tip 
Top  inn  of  the  Roosevelt  hotel,  and 
numbered  among  the  500  Chinese  and 
American  guests  were  the  city's  mayor, 
Robert  S.  Maestri,  and  postmaster,  Jos- 
eph J.  Ferguson. 

The  program  included  a  sumptuous 
Chinese  banquet,  Chinese  wine,  Chinese 
and  American  music,  lavish  entertain- 
ment, dancing,  and  much  fireworks. 
Menu  cards  were  printed  on  specially 
imported  papers  from  China  and  sou- 
venirs were  given  each  and  every  guest. 
To  top  it  all,  the  program  was  broadcast 
over  several  local  radio  stations. 

This  was  the  second  gala  birthday 
given  by   Mr.   and   Mrs.  Tung  in  the 


BANK  OF  CANTON  STAFF 
The  above  shows  the  president  and  members  of  the  staff  of  the  Bank  of  Canton 
in  San  Francisco,  which  was  re-organized  and  opened  two  and  a  half  months  ago. 
From  left  to  right  are:  Miss  Flora  Hall;  Mr.  E.  F.  Sims;  Mr.  Allen  Ah  Tye;  Miss  May 
Chunn;  Miss  Helen  Lowe;  Mr.  Harry  Luke;  Mr.  K.  L  Kwong,  president;  Mr.  Huo  Pao 
Tsai;  Mr.  M.  Y.  Tang  (left  for  China);  Mr.  C.  H.  Wang;  and  Mr.  G.  B.  Lou,  vice 
president. 


course  of  two  years.  Once  before,  in 
October,  1935,  they  gave  a  similarly  lavish 
party  honoring  the  first  birthday  of  their 
first  son,  Henry,  who  is  now  almost  three 
years  old. 

Whether  one-year-old  Edson  Tung  en- 
joyed his  birthday  party  or  not  the  news- 
paper reporters  who  were  invited  to  the 
event  were  unable  to  ascertain. 


SLAYER  OF  OVERSEAS 
CHINESE  NABBED 
IN  RECORD  TIME 

San  Francisco — A  single  cablegram, 
in  which  was  embodied  the  peremptory 
request  of  a  powerful  district  organiza- 
tion here,  was  responsible  for  the  swift 
apprehension  of  the  slayer  of  a  former 
San  Francisco  Chinese  merchant  in  Toy- 
shan  district,  Kwangtung  province,  not 
long  ago. 

Mock  Yin  Sing,  a  former  local  mer- 
chant, was  murdered  in  his  home  by  a 
robber  on  May  30,  1937.  His  son  here, 
knowing  that  justice  moved  slowly  in 
China,  sought  an  effective  way  to  in- 
duce the  village  police  to  act  swiftly.  He 
appealed  to  his  district  tong,  the  Ning 
Yeung  association.  After  hearing  the 
case,  the  officers  of  the  association,  in  the 
name  of  the  organization,  dispatched  a 
cablegram  to  the  bureau  of  public  safety 
of  Toyshan  district,  asking  that  the  slayer 
of  the  overseas  Chinese  be  brought  to 
justice  quickly. 

The  order  brought  the  desired  result. 
Within  a  month  the  murderer  was  caught 
in  a  nearby  town,  and  turned  out  to  be 


a  member  of  the  same  clan  as  the 
murdered  man.  It  is  believed  that  this 
is  the  first  case  on  record  where  justice 
for  an  overseas  Chinese  in  China  was 
brought  about  through  his  overseas  con- 
nection. 


TWO  CHINESE  AT 
PACIFIC  INTERNATIONAL 
RELATIONS  MEET 

Portland,  Ore.— Dr.  Heng  Chih  Toa, 
author  and  lecturer,  and  Dr.  Ruth  Yap, 
professor  of  mathematics  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Hawaii,  were  the  Chinese  rep- 
resentatives to  the  Pacific-International 
Relations  conference  recently  held  at 
Reed  college,  here. 

Dr.  Toa  has  published  several  volumes 
of  poems  and  has  traveled  and  lectured 
extensively  in  Germany,  France,  and 
England.  Dr.  Yap,  a  native  of  Honolulu, 
represented  Hawaii  at  this  conference  and 
discussed  Chinese  conditions  existing 
there  .  .  .  E.  L. 


! 

*fr^  curt.  jamcuU: 

CHINESE 
PIG'S  KNUCKLES 

1       (Shuen  Chu  Guerk) 
FAR   EAST  CAFE 

Spacious  Accommodations 

631  Grant  Ave  China  1085 


LV^    '  """";'   -:°^p^«r 


August,  1937 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Pogc  15 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 

I'll  be  roaming  around  the  Pacific 
northwest,  hitting  Seattle  and  Portland, 
when  this  comes  out.  ...  A  tip  to  you 
all:  It's  a  country  of  beautiful  scenic 
drives,  friendly  people,  and  nice  girls. 
When  you  have  a  week's  time,  pay  a 


visit!  .  .  .  June  is  usually  the  top  month 
for  Romance  but  some  young  folks  think 
July  is,  too.  .  .  .  Lily  Hing  and  Warren 
Chang  had  their  Big  Merger  during  the 
month,  with  banquets,  showers,  and  ever- 
thin'!  .  .  .  Ed  Hing,  Shangai's  demon 
sprint  star,  raced  with  Grace  Lee  to 
Reno  and  tied  the  knot.  .  .  .  Alfred 
Chong,  young  insurance  man  of  this  city, 
and  Florence  Lee  have  also  became  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  .  .  .  And  popular  Betty 
Wong's  heart  belongs  to  Harold  Ng  now 
for  keeps.  .  .  .  Just  got  married  the  other 
week.  So  did  Dorothy  Wong  and  Henry 
Sue.   Congrats  to  you  all! 

July  is  also  the  month  of  vacation 
and  travel.  ...  So  we  find  that  sports- 
man Art  Hee  lolling  on  the  sand  at  the 
Santa  Cruz  beach  with  his  family.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Vincent  Chinn  also  vacationed 
there.  .  .  .  Emmy  Lee,  prexy  of  Oakland 
Waku  auxiliary,  visited  her  old  friend 
Mrs.  Fannie  Quan  of  Salinas.  .  .  . 
Herbert  Lee  (former  T3  Scout  distance 
runner)  has  laid  aside  his  spike  long 
ago,  but  recently  made  a  record  L.  A.- 
S.  F.  trip:  he  flew  up  in  two  hours.  .  .  . 
Dorothy  Fong  of  Sac'to  is  another  sight- 
seer in  Watsonville  and  Salinas.  .  .  . 
Mrs.  Roy  Chan  (Edna  Soo  Hoo)  of 
Marshfield,  Oregon,  came  back  to  her 
home  town  for  a  rest  with  her  little 
daughter  Mary  Ann.  After  three  weeks' 
stay  her  tennis  star  husband  came  down 
and  took  her  home.  .  .  .  Bob  Wong  of 
Santa  Rosa  came  in  town  for  a  few  sets 
of  tennis.  He  is  battling  for  a  position 
on  the  hi  school  tennis  team.  .  .  .  Ruby 
Fung,  Ah  Low  to  her  friends,  is  vaca- 
tioning in  Seattle.  What  do  you  think 
of  that,  Earl  Wong?  .  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Ed  Chinn  (Florence  Kan)  of  Fresno, 
paid  a  visit  to  S.  F.  to  see  Ed's  brother, 
Harry,  and  Wilbur  Yee  off  to  the  East. 
The  two  flew  to  Detroit,  purchased  two 
new  cars,  and  drove  them  back.  .  .  . 
Ernest  Tsang  started  on  a  long  vacation 
tour,  but  while  passing  over  Montana  he 
met  with  a  serious  accident.  .  .  .  Better 
luck  next  year,  Ernie!  .  .  . 

Jimmy  Wong  of  L.  A.  deserted  his 
home  town  for  a  week  to  come  to  this 
city  so  that  he  might  really  enjoy  his 
noon  tea.  ...  Is  Hang  Ah  your  favorite 


tea  room,  too,  Jimmie?  .  .  .  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Francis  Mark,  spent  a  day  at  Yo- 
semite  and  found  it  hot  there!  .  .  . 
Mack  Sue  of  L.  A.  is  back  from  China, 
and  so  is  Al  Ow  and  Phillip  Chang.  .  .  . 
Mrs.  Owen  Jue  (Evelyn  Sing)  returned 
to  her  home  town,  Auburn,  for  a  visit. 
Wong  Hay  of  New  York  flew  to  this 
city  with  his  son,  Glen,  to  the  bedside 
of  his  father  who  is  recovering  from  a 
serious  operation  at  the  Chinese  hospital. 
.  .  .  Al  Young,  budding  medico  of  Cal, 
went  way  back  to  Chicago  for  his  vaca- 
tion. He  reported  "the  picking  is  good." 
Does  he  mean  the  gals?  Pretty  Ruth 
Sing  of  Auburn  is  another  recent  visitor 
to  this  city  and  Watsonville.  Speaking  of 
Auburn  reminds  us  that  pretty  Mary 
Ann  Wong,  who  came  from  there  not 
long  ago,  is  a  hostess  at  the  Li  Po  cock- 
tailounge  and  doing  a  good  job,  too.  .  .  . 
Wallace  Yee  of  Pittsburg  and  the  Missus 
Hattie  Hing,  are  other  happy  visitors 
to  Watsonville.  .  .  . 

The  new  Queen  of  the  L.  A.  Tennis 
club  is  Florence  Ong,  followed  in  order 
by  Anne  Gow  of  Oxnard,  Mary  Hing 
Chan,  Helen  Suie,  and  Rose  Lee.  .  .  . 
She  was  recently  crowned  Queen  at  the 
Club's  dance.  .  .  .  Young  couples  of  the 
Chicago  Young  China  Club  and  Auxili- 
ary had  a  most  enjoyable  time  at  the 
Tiver  View  amusement  park.  ...  A 
further  Auburn  item:  Ida  You  is  super- 
vising postal  clerk  at  the  P.  O.  there,  with 
sis  Annie  assisting  on  busy  days.  .  .  . 
Mrs.  Mary  Chans  8-lbs.  1 1-ozs.  of  "Men's 
Doubles  Champions"  (the  other  half  of 
this  team  is  Donald,  age  2)  arrived  dur- 
ing the  wee  sma  hour  of  two  a.  m.  The 
yowling  man  child's  full  name  is  William 
Gail  Park  Tung  Chan.  .  .  .  Chitena's 
midsummer  dance  and  weenier  roast  drew 
hundreds  to  the  Sigmund  Stern  grove, 
with  music  by  Wye  Wing  and  his  Drag- 
oniers.  Lew  Shew  and  Ted  Chinn  of 
Watsonville  were  very,  very  lucky  the 
other  day.  .  .  .  Still  spending  the  money, 
boys? 

The  Fourth  of  July  dance  of  the  Wat- 
sonville boys'  club  has  definitely  become  a 
big-time  annual  attraction.  .  .  .  The  club 
put  on  its  most  successful  affair  so  far 
this  year,  with  over  800  people  from  all 
over  the  state  in  attendance.  Prexy  Parker 
Chan,  dance  chairman  Ed  Dong,  his  as- 
sociates Earl  Goon  and  Elmer  Shew  saw 
that  all  was  well.  .  .  .  The  boys  were 
bashful  when  the  music  started,  so  our 
Watsonville  correspondent,  Alice  Shew, 
took  a  hand  and  got  things  going.  .  .  . 
The  Cathayans  Ork  made  a  big  hit  with 
the   crowd,   and  Frances   Chun   stopped 


the  show  with  her  blue  singing.  A  white 
coated  young  gent  from  Sac'to  requested 
her  to  sing  "You're  Slightly  Terrific."  He 
must  have  been  slightly  terrific-ally  strick- 
en for  he  glued  to  the  front  of  the  stage 
and  drank  her  in  with  his  eyes.  I  think  I 
ought  to  run  a  love  lorn  column  or  some- 
thing like  that.  .  .  . 

ADVERTISEMENT:  Henry  Low, 
Ah  Yow  to  you,  is  looking  around  for 
a  gal  friend!  He  is  5  feet  10  inches,  170 
pounds  (all  on  his  chest!),  old  enough 
to  know  his  way  around  and  his  face  is 
O.K.  to  meet  on  a  dark  alley.  Girls  in- 
terested please  write  him  through  this 
column.  .  .  .  And  here  is  a  secret  (?) 
message  from  a  certain  cleancut  young 
go-getter  to  Her:  "Dearest  Obnoxious: 
STILL!"  I  made  a  promise,  but  I'm  just 
itching  to  give  you  the  low  down  on  this! 
.  .  .  Did  I  see  one  of  the  girl's  rings  on 
somebody  else's  finger  already?  .  .  . 
Annie  Lee  of  San  Jose  won  first  prize,  a 
radio  bar,  at  the  Salinas  Chinese  club's 
annual  Rodeo  dance.  .  .  .  Maye  Chung, 
social  chairman,  was  in  charge.  I  saw  the 
boys  rushing  Bertha  Low  of  Monterey 
and  Eleanor  Lamb  of  L.  A.  Diamond  Yee 
didn't  have  much  chance  to  dance,  for 
he  had  to  be  doorman.  Bob  Jung  had  a 
special  reason  to  play  with  the  China- 
town Knights  Ork  in  Salinas,  for  that's 
where  Helen  Young  gets  her  mail. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack  Lai  (Alice  Chan 
of  S.  F.)  honeymooned  recently  in  San 
Diego.  .  .  .  An  American  girl,  Miss 
Harnetty,  is  attending  the  S.  D.  Chinese 
school!  .  .  .  Julietta  Wong  of  S.  D.  is 
being  pursued  by  two  Romeos.  Can  it  be 
the  Honolulu  influence?  .  .  .  Harry 
Jair  is  leaving  for  China  to  continue  his 
higher  education.  Are  you  coming  back 
alone?  Congrats  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lloyd 
Dong.  Reason  is  a  6-lb.  boy  named 
Ronald.  .  .  .  Over  20  people  attended 
the  S.  F.  Kuo  Min  Tang  annual  outing 


WILL  KING'S 


rK0FFEE 
KUP 

Iff  AVE.*  frCARY 
WHEfl£    FOOO 

is  so  oooo  rr 

MAKll  MI/KM* 

*  RieAsvnsi 
Banquets 


TAYLOR  STREET 
-MR.  MARKfT 

MEETW6  PLACE 
OP  HAPPY 
APPETITES' 

••• 

PRospcct  6982 


Op£/l  24  HOURS  A  DAY/ 


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Page   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


at  Santa  Cruz  Big  Trees.  .  .  .  Mary 
Shut,  Albany  College  grad,  left  for  China 
to  teach  at  the  Union  normal  school  in 
Canton.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Herman  Gee  and 
sons  are  vacationing  and  are  house  guests 
at  the  Sac'to  surburban  home  of  the 
Harold  B.  Fongs,  proprietor  of  the  Tour- 
ist market.  .  .  .  Ethel  hum  is  convalesc- 
ing from  her  recent  operation,  with  sis 
Annette  looking  after  things.  .  .  . 

Mildred  Lau,  junior  transfer  from  the 
U.  of  Hawaii,  will  enter  Cal  this  fall, 
.  .  .  and  Lillian  Yuen  is  showing  her 
around  the  town  and  keeping  the  boys 
in  line.  .  .  .  The  Alpha  Lambda  fra- 
ternity (students  of  the  U.  of  Michigan) 
held  a  reunion  in  Chicago,  with  all  sorts 
of  parties  and  tours  to  enliven  the  3-day 
meeting.  .  .  .  Fresno's  Fay  Wah  club 
had  a  huge  weiner  roast  the  other  week, 
with  prexy  Dr.  Phillip  Ching  in  charge. 
.  .  .  Fred  Jing}  '37  grad  of  the  Stan- 
ford medical  school,  is  engaged  to  Kath- 
erine  Qiiock.  of  S.  F.  The  happy  event 
will  be  in  August.  .  .  .  Julius  Yee,  Jr., 
son  of  Dr.  Julius  Yee  of  S.  F.,  is  soda 
jerking  at  the  Fresno  Twin  Dragon  till 
school  starts.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Ralph  hum  of 
Kansas  City  is  visiting  her  brother,  B.  Y. 
hew.  Fresno  is  her  home  town  and  this 
is  her  first  visit  in  15  years.  .  .  . 

A  special  notice  to  all  residents  of 
Fresno  and  vicinity:  Allen  hew,  CD 
correspondent,  has  placed  a  box  at  the 
Twin  Dragon  creamery  so  that  all  Chi- 
nese in  the  community  can  leave  notes 
and  news  items. 

After  a  whirlwind  tour  of  Southern 
California,  Margaret  and  Ruby  Coe  of 
Portland,  stopped  in  S.  F.  for  a  couple 
of  days  while  enroute  home.  They  were 
greeted  by  hillian  Auyoung  and  had  what 
they  termed  "a  swell  time"  before  they 
departed.  They  conceded  that  S.  F.'s 
hospitality  was  very  cordial  and  plan  to 
visit  here  again.  The  dashing — we  mean 
the  word  literally — young  men  who  saw 
them  to  the  station  also  conceded  that 
the  girls  were  fair  representtives  from  the 
City  of  Roses.  Some  of  them  may  head 
north  soon! 

And  here's  the  latest  flashes  from  our 
Hollywood  correspondent:  William  haw 
is  reported  to  have  written  a  scenario  and 
has  submitted  it  to  a  studio.  .  .  .  While 
there's  a  tentative  plan  to  star  Anna  May 
Wong  as  an  Oriental  female  detective 
in  a  series  of  thrillers.  .  .  .  Chinese  actors 
and  extras  are  fighting  for  a  minimum 
wage  of  $8.25  per  day  and  may  get  it. 
.  .  .  Archie  Mayo  has  replaced  John 
Cromwell  as  director  for  "Marco  Polo." 


AVIATION    CLUB 

The  above  shows  nine  members  and  in- 
structors of  the  Chinese  Mechanical 
Training  aviation  club,  located  at  936 
Stockton  St.  Under  the  leadership  of 
Paul  Wong,  president,  the  members  of 
the  C.  M.  T.  A.  C.  are  studying  all  tech- 
nical aspects  of  the  airplane,  as  well  as 
radio  operation  and  signaling.  The  club 
is  campaigning  for  new  members  and 
hopes  eventually  to  purchase  an  airplane. 


.  .  .  The  Chinese  Central  government 
has  put  her  official  approval  on  the  "Good 
Earth"  and  will  permit  the  picture  to  be 
shown  in  China  for  the  next  three  years. 
.  .  .  however,  three  scenes  were  censored 
as  being  objectionable.  .  .  . 

Roland  Got  and  Chester  Gan  were 
recent  S.  F.  visitors  .  .  .  Chester  just 
finished  a  part  of  a  Chinese  general  in  a 
picture  called  "War  Lord."  .  .  . 

Well,  good-bye!  See  you  Semptember 
morn!  .  .  .  R.  R. 

.  .  .  Jue  Kim,  "Tony  Joe"  to  his  friends, 
just  left  for  China,  heading  for  Nan- 
king to  join  the  central  government  air 
force.  To  his  pals  whom  he  missed  see- 
ing while  in  S.  F.  he  wants  to  say  good- 
bye through  this  column.  ...  St. 
Mary's  Chinese  school  recently  added 
two  more  prize  trophies  to  its  growing 
collection  by  coming  out  first  in  both 
organization  and  group  formation  during 
the  Y.  L.  I.-Y.  M.  I.  jubilee  parade. 
.  .  .  Bill  howe,  formerly  circulation 
manager  of  the  Stockton  Independent, 
is  now  the  circulating  driver  for  the  Day- 
lite  meat  market.  ...  At  the  recent  Red 
Bluff  aquatic  program  Fannie  Annie, 
and  Sammie  Foey  won  honors  for  swim- 
ming and  life-saving.  .  .  .  First  prize  for 
the  most  beautiful  float  at  Stockton's 
July  4th  parade  was  won  by  the  Chinese. 
The  float  depicted  a  ^'Bridge  of  Heaven," 
with  a  fiery  dragon,  pagoda,  and  six 
girls  as  adjuncts.    A  girl,  Dorothy  hee, 


was  the  drum  major  leading  the  Chinese 
contingent.  .  .  . 

The  "Pres.  Hoover,"  on  its  recent  in- 
coming trip,  brought  back  Mr.  Joe 
Shoong,  head  of  the  National  $  Store, 
and  also  Gen.  Yang  Hu-Cheng,  widely 
heralded  kidnaper  of  Chiang  Kai-Shek- 
.  .  .  On  its  out-going  trip  the  following, 
among  others,  were  on  board:  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Ying  H.  Wen,  military  attache  to 
China's  delegation  to  the  coronation  of 
King  George  VI,  Finance  Minister  H. 
H.  Kung's  son  houie  and  daughter  Rose- 
mond,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  T.  Y.  Ni,  Rev  and 
Mrs.  T.  T.  Taam,  Harry  Jue,  Miss  hena 
hew,  Albert  hew,  Oil  grad  in  engineer- 
ing, and  Harry  Ching  returning  to 
Honolulu. 

Miss  hi  Tei  Ming,  songstress,  and 
Charlie  how  of  the  Chinese  Village  cock- 
tailounge,  will  say,  "I  do"  sometime  in 
August.  .  .  .  Are  drinks  on  the  house  in 
order,  Charlie? 


WORK  OF  CHINESE 
ARTISTS  INCLUDED  IN 
GENERAL  EXHIBIT 

Grass  Valley,  Calif. — Among  the 
numerous  work  of  17  California  and 
Nevada  artists  on  the  WPA  Federal 
Art  project  now  being  shown  in  the  Bret 
Harte  inn  here  are  water-colors  by  two 
well-known  Chinese  artists:  Tyrus  Wong 
of  Los  Angeles  whose  work  lends  a 
touch  of  the  Orient  to  the  exhibit,  and 
Dong  Kingman  of  San  Francisco  whose 
work  is  typically  Occidental  in  viewpoint 
and  style. 

Bakersfield,  Calif.  —  Watercolors  by 
Chee  Chin  and  Dong  Kingman  are  part 
of  the  Federal  Art  project  exhibit  now 
being  shown  at  the  Kern  County  library 
here,  in  conjunction  with  the  works  of 
America  artists. 


e>fzftoOd  Mfl  fob   tfall 

uaUU  a  tteuji  Rood 
Suit  and  Que/icoat 

You  are  invited  to  inspect  our 
newly-arrived  stock. 

Henry  Shue  Tom 

Chinese  Salesman   and   Representative 

At 
Market  at  Stockton 


v 


IWS* 


V.*'- 


/•-"■-St.  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  17 


SPORTS 


(This  month  William  L.  Gee  and  Davisson 
Lee  continue  as  guest  editors  of  this  sports 
section — Editor. ) 

PACIFIC  COAST  TOURNA- 
MENT WIDE  OPEN 

On  July  31  San  Francisco  saw  Chinese 
net  stars  of  the  Pacific  Coast  scramming 
for  the  various  titles  which  are  considered 
to  be  tops  in  Coast  Chinese  honors. 
With  the  absence  of  so  many  veterans, 
the  play  is  generally  conceded  wide  open 
in  each  of  the  events.  Among  those  who 
will  be  missing  when  the  tournament 
gets  under  way  are:  John  Lee,  San  Mateo 
ranking  player;  Jobn  Tseng,  who  will 
sail  back  to  China;  Walter  Wong,  who 
enters  only  in  the  doubles  because  of 
business  pressure;  Wahso  Chan;  Billy 
Louie;  Erline  Low;  and  Mary  Chan. 
However,  we  may  make  a  few  predictions 
about  those  who  will  join  in  the  play 
when  the  tournament  starts.  Our  guess 
is  that  Peter  Gee  will  meet  Ben  Chu  in 
the  finals  with  Tahmie  Chinn  in  the 
play-off  if  he  enters  to  round  out  our 
choice.  Do  not  forget  Ham  Gee  if  he 
should  come  up  for  the  tournament,  and 
Tommie  Leong. 

In  the  doubles,  we  can  see  the  Chu- 
Lowe  combination  in  the  finals  while  the 
other  last  round  berth  is  left  vacant  for 
any  of  the  other  teams.  In  the  women's 
event,  Hattie  Hall,  Jennie  Chew,  June 
Lau,  and  Lucille  Jung  seem  to  have 
the  inside  track  over  the  other  girls.  The 
teams  are  too  evenly  matched  in  the 
mixed  doubles  for  us  to  make  any  pre- 
dictions. 


OLIVER  CHANG- 
RECREATION  LEADER 

Oliver  Chang  has  been  the  most 
prominent  figure  in  the  Chinese  play- 
ground ever  since  its  opening  in  1927, 
and  his  popularity  is  increasing  each  year 
with  the  people  of  the  Chinese  com- 
munity. He  is  the  long  and  lanky  fellow 
who  towers  head  and  shoulders  above 
the  youthful  groups  he  leads.  Under 
his  guidance  the  Chinese  playgroud  has 
made  a  name  for  itself  in  the  annals 
of  the  city  recreation  leagues.  The  teams 
he  enters  in  the  city-wide  competitions 
usually  bring  home  the  bacon;  1936  was 
no  exception  as  it  found  five  basketball 
teams  carrying  off  top  honors  in  their 
respective  classes,  while  1937  discovered 
three  championship  quintets  from  China- 
town. 

Under  the  Chang  leadership  the  Chi- 
nese playground  won  the  annual  kite 
contest  so  often  that  the  city  decided  to 
call  off  the  event  for  a  few  years.  And 
when  the  city  fathers  decided  again  to 


Oliver  Chang — Fisherman 


award  prizes  Ollie's  (as  he  is  popularly 
known)  proteges  helped  themselves  in 
wholesale  manner,  leaving  behind  but 
one  third-place  award. 

Oliver  graduated  from  U.  C.  and  re- 
cently passed  the  test  for  playground 
supervisors  with  highest  honors.  As  a 
member  of  the  Sportmen's  club,  Chang 
is  an  ardent  fisherman  and  the  spare 
moments  of  his  busy  life  are  spent  at  his 
favorite  sport.  From  the  looks  of  the 
above  picture  it  is  evident  that  Ollie's 
spare  time  has  been  very  productive  of 
results. 

BRIDGE  TOURNAMENT 
WINNERS 

On  Sunday,  July  11,  under  the  direc- 
torship of  Mr.  John  Howe,  ranking  city 
player,  the  Hall's  Sport  Shop  sponsored 
the  first  Chinese  Duplicate  bridge  tourna- 
ment. 

The  winning  team  was  Mrs.  C.  C. 
Huang  and  Mr.  Won  Loy  Chan  with 
21  game  points.  Mrs.  Hattie  Hall  and 
Mr.  Davisson  Lee  were  a  close  second 
with  20/4  points.  Third  place  went 
to  Miss  Josephine  Chang  and  Mr.  Hayne 
Hall  with  19. 

YOKE  JUE  WINS 
FRESNO  TITLE 

Fresno,  Calif. — Yoke  Jue,  formerly  of 
Berkeley  and  the  athletic  Jue  brothers, 
defeated  Francis  Dott  to  win  the  Fay 
Wah  tennis  crown  in  the  men's  event. 
Marion  Leong  won  over  Ruth  Lew  in 
three  hard  sets  to  annex  the  women's 
championship.     The    Fay    Wah    club    is 


planning  to  send  the  winners  and  their 
runner-ups  to  the  Pacific  Coast  Chinese 
championship  now  being  held  in  San 
Francisco. 

Yoke  Jue  was  one  of  the  dark  horses 
of  the  San  Francisco  spring  tournament, 
who  lost  to  Peter  Gee  only  after  a  hard 
battle,  and  figures  to  be  in  the  running 
for  the  Pacific  Coast  title.  Jue  is  the 
brother  of  Tony  Jue  who  captained  the 
Los  Angeles  team  on  its  recent  trip  to 
San  Francisco. 

SPORTSMEN 
RETURN 

After  seven  years  of  China,  Wednes- 
day, July  14,  saw  the  return  of  Harold 
and  Philip  Chang,  both  star  athletes 
of  Ling  Nam  university  in  Canton. 

Harold  is  a  pitcher  with  a  mean  swing 
and  played  center  on  the  university's 
championship  basketball  team. 

Philip  holds  down  the  second  sack, 
plays  forward  on  the  basketball  team  and 
places  in  almost  any  track  event  he  en- 
ters. He  stands  out  as  a  distance  runner, 
having  competed  against  the  best  in 
China  and  winning  the  1500  meter  event 
repeatedly. 

C.  S.  C.  EVENS  SERIES 
WITH  OAKLAND  CENTER 

Collecting  ten  runs  in  the  first  inning, 
San  Francisco  C.  S.  C.  held  the  lead  from 
the  beginning  to  the  end  to  chalk  up  an 
easy  11  to  8  victory  over  Oakland  Cen- 
ter recently.  In  an  effort  to  replace  the 
loss  of  Bob  Poon's  service  as  a  pitcher, 
the  softball  club  discovered  good  pitching 
material  in  the  person  of  Bulldog  Yee 
as  well  as  several  other  candidates. 

On  the  week  previous  the  C.  S.  C. 
showed  improvement  in  their  play  by  nos- 
ing out  the  San  Francisco  Examiner 
champion  softball  team  11  to  10  at  the 
M.  S.  Hayward  playground.  With 
pitcher  Bob  Poon  on  the  sideline  because 
of  injuries,  the  whole  burden  fell  upon 
the  shoulders  of  lanky  Fred  Hing  who 
hurled  good  ball  to  win  the  game. 

SPORTS  SHORTS 

One  of  the  finest  sportsmen  of  our 
community  has  gone  from  us — Wahso 
Chan.  He  has  joined  the  immortals  in 
the  Valhalla  of  all  true  sportsmen,  leav- 
ing us  the  memory  of  one  of  the  best 
doubles  tennis  players  that  the  U.  S. 
Chinese  has  ever  developed.  Requiescat 
in  pace,  Wahso  ! 

John  Tseong  is  sailing  for  China  soon 
and    will    perhaps   play   in   the   Chinese 
(Continued  on   page   19) 


Page   18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


KUOMINTANG  OUTING 
ATTRACTS  2500 

San  Francisco — The  Chinese  commun- 
ity here  was  emptied  of  one-seventh  or 
its  total  population  one  Sunday  last 
month  when  the  regional  Kuomintang 
headquarters  held  its  annual  outing  at 
the  Big  Trees,  not  far  from  the  city. 
An  estimated  total  of  some  2500  men, 
women,  and  children  attended  en 
masse.  Picnics,  entertainment,  general 
frolicking,  and  broadcasts  of  the  latest 
news  from  China  (through  courtesy  of 
the  Young  China  daily)  made  up  the 
day's  program.  About  six  hundred  prizes 
were  awarded  to  holders  of  lucky  num- 
bers. Only  13  people  were  reported  as 
having  suffered  minor  head,  hand,  and 
leg  injuries,  and  one  person  fainted. 


PATRIOTISM 

San  Francisco — A  local  Chinese,  who 
gave  his  name  as  Pok  Wai,  walked  into 
the  Chinese  consulate  here  and  said  that 
he  wished  to  remit  $100  directly  to  the 
chairman  of  the  Commission  for  Mili- 
tary Affairs  of  the  Chinese  central  gov- 
ernment in  Nanking,  who  happens  to  be 
General  Chiang  Kai-Shek.  He  stated  he 
wanted  to  send  this  money  for  the  pur- 
pose of  helping  to  fight  the  Japanese 
who  were  encroaching  on  China's  terri- 
tory again.  He  added  he  was  prepared 
to  sacrifice  needed  clothing  and  food  so 
that  he  may  contribute  twenty-five  dollars 
each  month  if  need  be. 


CHINESE  WIN  U.  OF 
HAWAII  PRIZES 

Honolulu,  T.  H. — The  following  Chi- 
nese graduates  of  the  University  of  Ha- 
waii, class  of  1937,  were  awarded  prizes 
for  outstanding  work  in  scholarship,  re- 
search, and  campus  activities:  gold  medal 
to  Lydia  Chun,  president  of  the  Assoc- 
iated women  students;  $50  Dean  prize 
for  research  in  zoology  to  Kamehameha 
Wong;  University  oratory  prize  to  David 
Lum;  and  Literary  prize  to  Rueban  Tarn 
. . .  G.  G. 


CHINESE  ATTENDS  KNIGHTS 
TEMPLARS'  CONCLAVE 

Miami,  Fla. — When  thousands  of 
Knight  Templar  members  from  the  1600 
commanderies  of  half  a  dozen  countries 
met  in  their  40th  triennial  conclave  here 
last  month,  one  Chinese  was  among  those 
present.  He  was  James  Zee-Min  Lee, 
himself  a  Knight  Templar,  and  one  of 


the  80  Sir  Knights  representing  Califor- 
nia's drill  corps.  James  Lee  is  remem- 
bered as  the  Chinese  technical  advisor 
for  the  motion  picture  "Good  Earth." 


C.  S.  A.  DELEGATES  TO 
MEET  IN  MEMPHIS 

Chicago,  111. — The  Convention  of 
Delegates  of  the  Chinese  students'  asso- 
ciation of  North  America  will  hold  its  bi- 
annual meeting  from  August  24  to  27,  in 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  in  concurrence  with  the 
Mid-South  Chinese  students'  conference, 
according  to  an  announcement  from  the 
Association  headquarters  here. 

It  is  expected  that  delegates  from  all 
over  the  country  will  attend  this  conven- 
tion. According  to  the  announcement 
"important  discussion  of  national  salva- 
tion of  our  fatherland"  will  be  on  the 
agenda  of  the  meeting. 

o 

KING  LAN  CHEW 
INTERPRETER  OF  THE  DANCE 

(Continued  from  page  13) 
fined  family  should  endanger  the  pres- 
tige of  the  family  name  by  wanting  to 
indulge  in  a  pursuit  which  properly  be- 
longed to  members  of  the  Pear  Orchard 
— the  acting  fraternity — whose  social 
standing  was  considered  none  too  high. 

However,  some  kind  of  compromise 
was  worked  out.  In  due  time  King  Lan 
graduated  from  high  school  and  went 
to  Mills  college,  where  she  received  a  B. 
A.  and  a  M.  A.  in  music  and  the  social 
sciences. 

Her  formal  education  completed,  King 
Lan  made  use  of  her  knowledge  of  the 

CLASSIFIED 


INSURANCE 

Alfred   B.  Chong 

INSURANCE 

1 1 1    Sutter  St  Sutter  2995 

UNFURNIESHED    APARTMENT    FOR    RENT   762 

Stockton    St.,    Light     Gos    and    Water    included. 

Single,   $7.00   mo.     Double   rooms   $14.00!   Triple, 

$21.00.  Hours-  10:00  A.  M.  to  12:30  P.  M. 


Out  of  Town  agencies  carrying  the  Chinese  Digest 
BOWEN    SALES   CO. 

Fountain   Service 
BOO  Webster  St..  Oakland 
YEE   PHARMACY 

Drugs  and  Cosmetics 
1119 — 7th   St_   Sacramento.   Calif. 
LEE   YUEN   COMPANY 

Newspapers,   Magazines,   Cigars 
101    E.  Washington   St.,    Stockton,  Calif. 
PLAZA   SERVICE   STATION 

Gas   and   Oil 
426   N.   I  os   Anaeles  St..   Los  Angeles.  Calif. 

Orders  for  subscriptions  and  advertisements  can 
bp   left   at  the   above  aaencies. 


social  sciences  by  working  as  a  visitor  for 
the  Associated  charities.  But  her  youth- 
ful ambition  still  burned  within  her;  she 
continued  to  learn  how  to  dance.  Her 
job  palled  on  her  soon  enough  and  she 
gave  it  up. 

But  acquiring  the  technique  of  the  var- 
ious forms  of  dances  was  by  no  means 
easy,  although  King  Lan's  ambition  and 
love  was  in  it.  The  free,  natural  bodily 
movements  as  expressed  in  all  peoples 
in  the  dance  have  been  suppressed  in  the 
Chinese  woman  for  two  thousand  years, 
and  it  is  not  easy  for  the  twentieth  cen- 
tury daughter  of  Cathay  to  learn  grace- 
fulness and  rhythm  overnight. 

A  Renowned  Dancer  Today 

But  today  the  name  of  King  Lan  is 
known  to  dance  audiences  throughout 
the  country,  from  New  York  to  San 
Francisco.  She  is  billed  as  the  only  Chi- 
nese concert  dancer  in  America  who  has 
studied  under  Muriel  Stuart,  Ito,  Kreutz- 
berg,  Tina  Flade,  Hanya  Holms,  and 
Chow  Kai-ming.  After  some  seven  years 
of  intensive  training,  during  which  she 
mastered  the  traditional  dances  of  China, 
Java,  Cambodia,  Japan,  and  India  as  well 
as  occidental  dances,  she  made  her  debut 
in  San  Francisco  four  years  ago.  Since 
then  she  has  danced  all  the  way  to  the 
East,  where  she  shared  in  program  se- 
ries with  such  internationally  famed  at- 
tractions as  the  Monte  Carlo  ballet,  the 
Don  Cossack  chorus,  Fritz  Kreisler,  and 
others.  She  even  invaded  Broadway  when 
she  was  featured  with  Lucienne  Boyer  in 
her  "Continental  Varieties." 

Critics  everywhere  have  vied  in  prais- 
ing her  work.  A  New  York  critic  wrote: 
"In  her  repertoire  of  ten  traditional 
dances  of  China,  Cambodia,  Java,  Japan, 
and  India,  Miss  Chew  conveyed  swift 
patterned  pictures  of  the  Orient.  Her 
Chinese  charm  was  obviously  refreshing 
to  the  American  esthetes.  She  has 
equipped  herself  with  colorful  costumes 
which  she  herself^executed,  has  a  nice 
sense  of  design,  and  uses  her  hands  and 
arms  beautifully. 

"In  her  Occidental  dances,  she  displayed 
considerable  plastic  gifts  in  response 
to  the  animating  music  of  such  composers 
as  Gershwin,  De  Koven,  Debussy,  and 
Milhaud.  In  an  unaccompanied  impres- 
sion entitled  "Languor,"  she  was  grati- 
fying. In  this  sequence  of  the  West,  she 
ran  the  gamut  of  moods  in  five  recita- 
tions: Phantasm,  Languor,  Dynamic, 
Nocturne,  Corvocado,  each  displaying  her 


August,   1937 


CHINESE     D IGEST 


Poge   19 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


Iitheness  and  dexterity  in  mastering  con- 
ventional poses,  rhythms,  undulations." 

Miss  Chew,  for  her  study  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  dance,  has  come  to  the  con- 
clusion that  the  modern  dance,  having 
exhausted  its  possibilities  for  the  time 
being,  is  now  drawing  new  life  from  the 
ancient  dance  forms  of  the  immemorial 
Orient.  She  subscribes  to  Spengler's 
theory  that  culture  occurs  in  cycles  and 
bases  her  belief  on  this  theory  that  the 
modern  dance  has  completed  its  present 
cycle  and  must  start  with  another  one. 
Since  Miss  Chew  happens  to  be  familiar 
with  both  Oriental  and  Occidental 
dances,  her  theory  carries  considerable 
weight.  She  is  continuing  her  study  on 
the  subject  and  hopes  to  have  sufficient 
material  to  write  a  volume  on  it. 
Dance  Offers  Opportunities 

Miss  Chew  also  believes  that  the  study 
of  the  dance  offers  good  opportunities  for 
Chinese  girls  of  today,  both  as  a  mode  of 
artistic  expression  and  as  a  means  of 
livelihood.  But,  she  warned,  such  girls 
must  be  prepared  for  years  of  hard  work 
and  sacrifices  before  they  can  hope  to  be 
true  artists.  She  sounded  this  warning 
because  she  has  seen  many  girls  who  had 
taken  only  a  few  lessons,  made  a  few 
public  appearances,  and  then  considered 
themselves  as  accomplished  dancers. 
Having  struggled  long  herself,  she  is 
convinced  that  there  is  no  easy  path  to 
accomplishment. 

This  fall  King  Lan  will  join  the  Red 
Gate  shadow  players  in  the  East  as  Mis- 
tress of  Ceremonies.  She  will  be  with 
this  group  for  two  seasons  from  October 
1  to  January  15,  1938,  and  again  from 
April  15  to  June  1,  1938.  In  her  spare 
moments  she  hopes  to  continue  her  study 
of  voice  culture,  the  piano,  musical  in- 
struments of  various  nations,  stagecraft, 
and  design. 

After  that  she  hopes  to  be  able  to 
take  a  short  trip  to  Hawaii.  If  she  ever 
gets  there — and  there  was  a  note  of  de- 
termination in  her  voice  as  she  said  this 
— it  is  her  fervent  hope  to  proceed  on  to 
China,  the  ancestral  hearth  which  she 
has  yet  to  see  but  of  which  she  has 
dreamt   for   years. — William   Hoy. 

CONFLICT  IN 
NORTH  CHINA 

(Continued  from  page  10) 
had  passed  the  Nanking  censorship,  in- 
formed the  world  that  "A  survey  of 
trustworthy  information  today  indicated 
that  the  Chinese  Central  Government  was 
making  no  real  military  dispositions  to 
fight  Japan  in  North  China."    The  dis- 


patch went  on  to  tell  that  China's  mili- 
tary machine  was  not  ready  for  war  and 
that  "Foreigners  with  long  experience  in 
China  termed  erroneous  the  impression 
.  .  .  abroad  that  China  at  last  was  ready 
to  challenge  Japan.  .  .  ." 

As  the  third  week  of  conflict  dragged 
on  the  Japanese  army  issued  an  ultimatum 
demanding  the  withdrawal  of  Chinese 
troops.  The  ultimatum  was  to  expire  on 
July  28,  but  Chinese  sources  indicated  the 
demand  would  be  rejected. — H.  W.  L. 


CHINESE  DELEGATION 
TO   PAN-PACIFIC 
WOMEN'S  CONFERENCE 

(Continued  from  page  12) 
ial  aspects  of  American  life.  They  may 
stop  over  in  San  Francisco  and  from  here 
to  make  a  brief  call  at  Honolulu.  Once 
there,  Mrs.  Mei  expects  to  stay  a  short 
time  to  renew  old  acquaintances.  Plans 
are  already  being  made  to  entertain  the 
group  when  they  arrive  there.  .  .  .  W.  H. 
o 

LIVING  CHINA 
MIRRORED 

(Continued  from  page  9) 
privilege  of  choice  before  us.  The  only 
possible  culture  for  China  today  is  Left 
revolutionary  culture,  the  alternative  be- 
ing colonial  acceptance  of  an  invading 
imperialist  culture,  which  means  to  have 
no  independent  or  national  culture  at  all. 
While  the  rest  of  the  world  is  using  aero- 
planes China  cannot  use  sidewheel  steam- 
ers— no  more  in  art  than  in  life.  We 
have  to  leap  ahead  to  the  thing  that  has 
greatest  value  and  meaning  in  the  world 
scene  today." 

In  what  direction  the  Left  or  "revo- 
lutionary" literary  currents  will  flow  as 
China  proceeds  apace  in  her  political  and 
social  reconstruction  will  be  extremely  in- 
teresting to  watch.  Meanwhile  the  En- 
glish-speaking world  is  offered  a  curtain 
glimpse  of  this  new  literature  in  this  col- 
lection of  short  stories  so  aptly  titled 
"LIVING  CHINA"— for  here  in  truth 
is  the  heart  and  soul  and  emotion  of 
a  people  finding  expression  in  words 
through  artists  who  see  and  feel  the  life 
rurging  around  them.  H.  M.  Chevalier, 
in  the  introduction  to  his  translation  of 
Andre  Malraux's  novel  of  revolutionary 
China,  "Man's  Fate,"  said  that,  "We  are 
in  the  midst  of  a  critical  period  of  his- 
tory, a  period  when  the  basic  values  of 
civilization  are  being  threatened.  We 
say  that  an  artist — more  than  others  sen- 
sitive to  the  moods  of  society — cannot  re- 
main aloof  and  indifferent,  that  to  justify 
himself  he   must  deal   with  matters  that 


are  important  and  help  to  clarify  human 
problems."  The  writers  represented  in 
"LIVING  CHINA"  have  not  been  in- 
different to  the  spirit  of  the  times;  in 
fact,  they  see  more  clearly  than  any  others 
the  human  problems  involved  in  China 
in  her  period  of  travail  attending  a  new 
birth. 

Read  these  stories,  even  if  only  to 
purge  your  spirit  of  a  few  complacent 
thoughts.  .  .  .  William  Hoy. 

o 

THE  CHINESE 
SINGLE  MEN 

(Continued  from  page  6) 
men  who,  during  their  youth,  were  too 
proud  to  return  home,  now  submerged  all 
family  honor  and  respect  and  submitted 
themselves  to  the  mercy  of  the  relief 
organization.  Fortunately,  however,  this 
relief  was  not  all  bad  as  it  permitted 
them  to  earn  their  relief  money.  Their 
faith  in  America  had  been  sustained  as 
the  government  was  making  possible 
their  happy  ending  in  this  country  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  they  were  still 
regarded  as  trespassers  in  the  eyes  of 
the  naturalization  authorities. 


SPORTS  SHOTS 

(Continued  from  page  17) 
National  open  tennis  tournament. 
Among  former  San  Franciscans  who  are 
reported  to  participate  in  the  tourna- 
ment are  Charles  Lee,  Arthur  Lim,  and 
Andrew  Tseng. 

Out  in  Baker's  beach  one  foggy  morn- 
ing we  found  Woodrow  Ong  the  sole 
owner  of  the  only  catch  on  the  beach.  To 
verify  this  fish  story  Woodrow  has  Ar- 
nold Lim  as  witness. 


Sacramento  Chinese  tennis  players  sal- 
vaged two  matches  to  save  themselves 
from  a  complete  whitewash  at  the  hands 
of  the  invading  Chitenans.  Walt  Yee 
and  the  Yee-Morris  combination  won  a 
single  and  a  doubles  respectively  to  chalk 
up  the  only  wins  for  the  Sacramentans. 

Henrietta  Jung  and  Jennie  Chew  lost 
their  Recreation  League  hope  when  they 
failed  to  cope  with  the  steadiness  of  their 
opponents  in  their  class. 


In  a  return  match  with  the  Salinas 
Chinese,  Chitena  again  emerged  victor- 
ious, 10  to  5.  Six  cars  made  the  trip  to 
Salinas  carrying  players  as  well  as  f.  y. 
r.    (fair  young  rooters). 

Salinas,  always  a  genial  host,  fairly 
outdid  itself,  and  future  trips  are  antici- 
pated by  the  club. 


tT 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,   1937 


There  are  no  bargains  in  babies  .  .  . 

That's  why  the  only  milk  worth  considering  for 
your  children  is  the  Best  you  can  buy. 

Borden's  Dairy  Delivery  Milk  is  the  choice  of 
most  people. 


DAIRY  DELIVERY  COMPANY 


Valencia   6000 


San    Francisco 


%*#*L&    '^w8^°^^^p^^^k? 


c 


COMMENT  •  •    SOCIAL   -   ►  SPOUTS 
W£WS   •  *    CULTUCi  *    *    UT£fc£7UCL£        jam  vaMiCiSco.CMtfdaiuft  \^ 


Vol.  3,  No.  9 


September,   1937 


Ten  Cents 


Wan  A/ewd 


During  the  past  two  months  Chinatown's  most  absorbing  interest  has  been,  and  still  is,  the 
so-called  "undeclared  war"  between  China  and  Japan  now  being  waged  in  Shanghai  and  in 
North  China.  Chinatown's  channels  of  news  are  its  five  native  language  dailies,  two  morning 
and  three  afternoon  papers.  Whenever  important  news  breaks  out  special  bulletins  are  is- 
sued by  some  of  the  papers,  which  are  distributed  to  the  populace  free.  Above,  one  of  China- 
town's oldest  citizens  scans  the  latest  bulletin.  He  was  so  absorbed  in  his  reading  that  he 
did  not  know  his  picture  was  being  taken  by  Wallace  H.  Fong,  Chinese  Digest  cameraman. 


Poge  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,   1937 


EDITORIAL 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  cidture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


JAPAN'S  NEWEST  INVASION  IN  CHINA 

Those  who  have  watched  the  tortuous  course  of  Sino- 
Japanese  politics  since  Japan's  invasion  and  forcible  seiz- 
ure of  Manchuria  in  1931  know  that  the  present  "unde- 
clared war"  between  the  two  nations  is  the  logical  and 
inevitable  outcome  of  that  first  event.  The  surprise  is 
that  the  present  armed  conflict  did  not  occur  sooner. 
But,  logically,  the  Japanese  fire-breathing  and  sword- 
rattling  military  could  not  have  chosen  a  more  propitious 
time  for  their  present  course  of  action.  The  internal 
situation  in  both  China  and  Japan  and  the  world  situa- 
tion played  right  into  their  hands.  The  stage  was  set, 
and  all  the  Japanese  army  had  to  do  was  to  act.  And 
act  they  did. 

We  shall  not  go  into  the  details  of  the  armed  conflict 
now  being  waged  in  North  China  and  at  Shanghai, 
since  adequate  reports  and  descriptions  of  it  are  appear- 
ing daily  in  the  American  press.  It  is  perhaps  more  im- 
portant to  clarify  the  background  of  present-day  Sino- 
Japanese  relations  of  which  the  current  conflict  forms 
the  culminating  point. 

Japan's  paramount  interest  in  North  China  is  based 
on  two  principle  considerations — military  and  economic. 
Militarily,  she  needs  it  as  a  base  of  attack,  through  Kal- 
gan  and  Inner  Mongolia,  in  the  event  of  another  war 
with  Russia.  The  other  consideration  is  the  completion 
of  an  economic  block  which  would  embrace  Japan,  her 
puppet  state  of  Manchukuo,  and  North  China,  with  the 
Kwangtung  territory  as  the  focal  point. 

North  China  today  comprises  the  five  provinces  of 
Shansi,  Shantung,  Hopei,  Chahar,  and  Suiyuan.  For 
Japan  this  entire  area  offers  very  promising  natural  re- 
sources and  has  long  been  marked  as  another  of  the 
Island  Empire's  "life-lines."  Shansi  alone  possesses  half 
the  total  coal  deposits  in  all  China  and  eight  times  the 
whole  amount  in  Japan.  There  are  oil  deposits  in  the 
province  also,  while  coal  fields  likewise  exist  in  Hopei 
and  Chahar.  Important  also  are  the  iron  resources  in 
northern  Hopei.  Also,  cotton  may  be  grown  in  this  area, 
which  adds  to  the  attractiveness  of  this  region. 

When  Japan  seized  Manchuria  in  1931  she  had 
hoped  that  it  could  be  developed  economically  and  sup- 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Published   Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 
San  Francisco,  California     CHina   2400 > 

WILLIAM    HOY,    Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per   copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.      For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHI NGWAH   LEE    Associate   Editor 

LIM   P.    LEE    Sociological    Data 

DOROTHY  WING    Advertising  Manager 

HELEN  M.   FONG    Circulation  Manager 

WALLACE  H.  FONG    Photographer 

H.    K.    WONG    Columnist 

CORRESPONDENTS   and    REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersfield     Mamie    Lee 

Berkeley   Glenn  D.  Lym 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno     Allen    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace   H.  Goo 

Los   Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Marysville    Virginia    Woh 

New  York    Bing  Chon 

New   York    Sophio    Chu 

Portland     Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego   Walter  N.  Horn 

Seattle,   Wosh    Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton    Dilly  Ah   Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,    Arizona    May    Tom 

Watsonville    Alice   Shew 

FOUNDERS   and   PUBLISHERS 

THOMAS    W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 


ply  the  abundance  of  raw  materials  for  Japanese  indus- 
tries at  home.  Japan  buys  annually  600,000,000  yen  of 
cotton  from  the  United  States.  It  was  hoped  that  if  this 
staple  could  be  grown  extensively  in  Manchuria  one  of 
Japan's  greatest  industrial   problems  would  be   solved. 

But  the  experiment  was  a  disappointment,  the  region 
being  too  far  north  for  the  successful  cultivation  of  cot- 
ton. Japanese  interests  then  began  to  consider  the  pos- 
sibilities of  North  China. 

The  Japanese  military  recognizes  that  North,  Central, 
and  South  China  are  distinct  centers,  and  with  special 
problems  requiring  separate  treatment.  To  develop  the 
resources  of  North  China,  the  Japanese  planned  to  group 
the  five  provinces  into  one  economic  unit.  Textile  in- 
terests in  Tientsin  and  Tsingtao  would  be  increased  and 
railroads  would  be  constructed  and  brought  under  Jap- 
anese  control.     The    ports   of   Chinwangtao.    Tsingtao, 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorials    2,  3 

Culture 12,  13 

Sociological  Data 14 

Far  East    4,  5,  6,  7 

Health  Hints 11 

The  Jade  Box   17 

Chinatownia    8,  9,   10,   15,   16 

Sports    18 

Continuation  Page 19 


tx^^       ''u^frz^*q$gpmm&r 


September,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


EDITORIAL 


Taku,  and  Tangku  would  be  developed. 

Japan  wanted  not  only  economic  domination  in  North 
China  but  complete  and  actual  control  because  military 
considerations  also  entered  into  the  planning. 

The  Japanese  Kwangtung  army,  backed  by  the  re- 
sources of  the  South  Manchurian  railway,  began  to  push 
this  program.  In  1933  it  forced  China  to  sign  the  Tang- 
ku truce,  fixing  a  demilitarized  zone  north  of  Peiping. 
Then  it  established  a  puppet  regime  in  this  zone  called 
the  East  Hopei  Autonomous  Anti-Communist  regime 
and  put  the  pro-Japanese  Yin  Yu-keng  as  its  head.  With 
22  districts  under  the  control  of  this  bogus  regime,  the 
Japanese  army  used  it  as  a  base  for  large  scale  military 
preparations  and  tacitly  encouraged  gigantic  smuggling 
in  North  China.  Later  the  army  also  encouraged  the 
establishment  of  the  Hopei-Chahar  Political  council 
which  governed  the  affairs  of  the  two  provinces  with 
the  assent  of  Nanking. 

As  soon  as  the  two  North  China  political  units  were 
set  up  Japan  began  to  press  for  concessions.  The  Chi- 
nese central  government  was  occupied  with  fighting  the 
communists  and  trying  to  consolidate  dissenting  forces 
in  central  and  south  China.  Taking  advantage  of  China's 
internal  divisions  Japan  wrung  concession  after  con- 
cession in  the  North.  Plans  for  the  growing  of  cotton 
under  Japanese  control  were  pressed,  permission  was  ob- 
tained for  Japanese  capital  to  work  the  iron  and  coal 
deposits,  and  also  to  construct  strategic  railways. 

But  wholesale  Japanese  capital  failed  to  come  to  the 
aid  of  the  Japanese  army  because  of  the  uncertainty  of 
the  North  China  situation.  From  the  very  beginning  the 
East  Hopei  regime  was  flouting  and  cutting  the  authority 
and  revenue  of  the  Hopei-Chahar  Political  council.  The 
latter 's  chairman,  General  Sung  Cheh-Yuan  complained 
to  Nanking,  and  Nanking  pressed  for  the  abolition  of  the 
East  Hopei  regime. 

A  tense  situation  was  thus  created.  The  tenseness 
grew  to  such  a  point  where  either  the  Japanese  army  had 
to  relinquish  control  of  their  North  China  concessions 
or  assume  control  by  military  force. 

According  to  the  Japanese  military  planning,  the 
first  step  to  the  control  of  North  China  is  the  control  of 
Hopei  and  Chahar  provinces.  The  key  point  to  the 
control  of  these  provinces  is  the  Peiping-Tientsin  area. 
In  this  area  the  veteran  29th  army  under  Sung  Cheh- 
Yuan  was  stationed.  If  the  Japanese  army  wanted 
control  of  this  area  the  removal  of  the  29th  army  would 
be  the  first  major  objective.  The  Lokouchiao  incident  of 
July  7  was  the  signal  for  the  Japanese  to  start  its  drive 
against  the  29th  army. 

The  object  of  Japan's  present  invasion  in  China  is 
Japan's  desire  to  wrest  North  China,  lock,  stock,  and 
barrel  from  the  Chinese  people.   Why  did  this  new  Jap- 


anese aggression  on  China  start  at  this  particular  time? 
There  seemed  to  be  several  factors. 

The  first  and  foremost  factor  is  the  growing  strength 
and  unity  of  the  Chinese  nation.  Since  Nanking  has 
ceased  its  war  against  the  Communists  and  has  even  per- 
mitted the  latter  a  voice  in  the  affairs  of  the  nation,  a 
magnificent  spirit  of  unity  has  come  over  the  country. 
But  this  unity  was  anathema  to  Japan  since  a  united 
China  would  destroy  any  further  Japanese  plans  for 
expansion  on  the  continent.  It  was  alarming  and  the 
Japanese  military  felt  that  the  time  had  come  for  another 
attack  on  China  before  she  grew  too  strong. 

In  Japan  several  factors  made  the  moment  an  oppor- 
tune one  for  another  adventure.  One  was  the  economic 
straits  the  country  was  undergoing,  with  an  increasingly 
unfavorable  trade  balance,  rising  commodity  prices,  ex- 
cessive taxation  and  consequent  labor  trouble.  The  second 
factor  was  that  in  the  new  premier,  Prince  Fumimaro 
Konoye,  the  Japanese  militarists  found  a  man  who  was 
sympathetic  to  their  aims  and  who  could  hold  the  army's 
opponents  in  check. 

The  last  factor  was  that  the  international  situation 
seemed  to  favor  the  Japanese  army.  Europe,  including 
Russia,  was  concerned  with  a  war  already — the  Spanish 
conflict.  America,  keeping  clear  of  any  imbroglio  in 
Europe,  was  apparently  bent  on  adopting  the  same  policy 
in  respect  to  any  conflict  that  might  arise  in  the  Far  East. 
Japan  could  not  have  chosen  a  better  time  to  act. 

Now  that  almost  two  months  have  passed  since  Japan 
embarked  on  her  present  aggression,  it  seemed  that  she 
was  right  where  the  international  situation  was  concerned. 
Declared  or  not,  a  state  of  war  exists  between  China 
and  Japan  at  this  moment,  but  America  is  pursuing  a 
so  called  "middle  of  the  road"  policy  and  is  choosing  to 
ignore  this  bloody  fact  as  long  as  possible.  Great  Britain, 
while  willing  to  cooperate  with  other  nations  to  effect  a 
peaceful  settlement  of  this  conflict,  will  not  take  the  lead, 
although  her  interests  far  surpass  any  other  foreign  coun- 
tries' in  China.  More  than  50  nations  have  subscribed 
to  U.  S.  Secretary  of  State  Cordell  Hull's  14-point  pro- 
gram of  July  16,  but  no  pressure  is  being  brought  to 
bear  on  Japan  to  cause  her  to  cease  her  act  of  aggression. 
Once  again,  as  in  the  rape  of  Manchuria,  the  world  forces 
able  to  bring  about  peace  in  the  Far  East  are  afraid  to 
take  action.  How  long  can  such  an  attitude  be  kept  up 
in  an  increasingly  interdependent  world? 

We  can  do  no  better  than  to  close  our  comments  with 
the  following  questions  anent  the  present  Sino-Japanese 
situation  recently  propounded  by  a  Chinese  writer:  "The 
least  known  quantity  in  the  Far  Eastern  situation  at  the 
present  time  seems  to  be  the  policy  of  the  Powers.  How 
far  will  the  Powers  permit  the  Nine  Power  treaty  to  be 
violated  with  impunity?  How  much  effectiveness  will 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


mm 


Page  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,   1937 


FAR     EAST 


SINO-JAPAMESE  CRISIS  AND  AMERICAN  NEUTRALITY  ACT 


While  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  sol- 
diers are  locked  in  what  promises  to  be 
the  battle  of  the  century  in  the  Far  East, 
there  is  much  talk  in  this  country  on  the 
possibility  of  the  United  States  invoking 
the  Neutrality  act  to  prevent  her  from 
being  dragged  into  the  controversy.  Such 
discussions,  of  course,  are  prompted  by 
the  popular  desire  for  peace.  Should  the 
Neutrality  act  be  put  into  operation,  it 
is  believed,  the  United  States  would  be 
restrained  from  any  activity  that  might 
involve  her  into  the  embroglio. 

The  Neutrality  act,  however,  was  pri- 
marily designed  to  meet  the  European 
situation.  It  is  extremely  doubtful 
whether  the  same  act  is  applicable  to  the 
Far  East.  As  originally  enacted  in  Au- 
gust, 1935,  the  Neutrality  act  provides: 
(1)  A  mandatory  embargo  of  "arms, 
ammunition,  and  implements  of  war- 
fare" to  all  belligerents,  (2)  a  system  of 
registration  of  munitions  manufactures 
and  of  licensing  munitions  exports  under 
the  supervision  of  the  National  Muni- 
tions board,  and  (3)  the  delegation  of 
power  to  the  President  to  prohibit 
Americans  from  traveling  on  ships  of 
belligerents  except  at  their  own  risk,  to 
prohibit  foreign  submarines  from  enter- 
ing American  ports,  etc.  When  the  Act 
was  about  to  expire  in  February,  1936, 
the  74th  Session  of  the  Congress  voted  to 


U.  S.-CHINA 
RELATIONS 

"The  relations  of  the  United 
States  towards  China  and  the  Far 
Eastern  world  in  one  vital  respect 
are  different  from  those  of  any 
European  powers  towards  that 
world.  Several  European  powers 
have  far  larger  commercial  and  ter- 
ritorial interest  in  China  than  we, 
but  geographically  they  are  re- 
mote; we  are  adjacent.  They  are 
in  a  sense  absentee  landlords;  we, 
a  neighbor.  The  repercussions 
which  are  possible  in  a  moderniza- 
tion of  the  Far  East  can  directly  af- 
fect us  in  ways  which  would  not 
affect  them.  The  Pacific  Ocean  is 
no  longer  a  barrier  but  a  means  of 
communication."  —  Former  Secre- 
tary of  State  Henry  L.  Stimson, 
in  "The  Far  Eastern  Crisis." 


By  Tsu  Pan 

extend  it  to  May  1,  1937,  and  also  tacked 
on  an  amendment  prohibiting  the  grant- 
ing of  loans  and  credits  to  belligerents. 

In  May  of  this  year,  the  act  was  again 
extended  and  in  it  was  inserted  a  new 
clause,  proposed  by  Senator  Pittman  of 
Nevada,  which  put  the  trade  with  bellig- 
erents on  a  "cash  and  carry"  basis.  Ac- 
cording to  this  added  clause  no  cargo  con- 
signed to  belligerents  may  leave  an  Ameri- 
can port  unless  it  is  paid  for  in  full  and 
carried  away  from  the  United  States  by 
the  vessels  of  the  buyer. 

The  original  act  was  formulated  in 
August,  1935,  on  the  eve  of  the  Italian- 
Ethiopian  war.  Immediately  after  the  in- 
vasion of  Ethoiopia  by  the  Italian  army 
in  October,  1935,  the  President  pro- 
claimed that  a  state  of  war  existed  be- 
tween the  two  countries  and  admonished 
all  American  citizens  to  observe  the  Neu- 
trality act.  The  President  lost  no  time 
in  making  such  a  proclamation  then,  for 
the  Act  was  specifically  designed  for 
just  such  an  emergency.  For  the  same 
reason,  the  President  did  not  hesitate  co 
invoke  the  aid  of  the  amended  act  early 
this  year  in  dealing  with  the  Spanish  sit- 
uation. In  essence  the  act  is  in  harmony 
with  the  traditional  policy  of  the  United 
States  to  stand  aloof  from  any  European 
dispute. 

However  the  United  States'  policy  in 
the  Fart  East  is  entirely  different  from 
that  in  Europe.  Ever  since  the  days  of 
John  Hay,  it  has  been  America's  policy 
to  seek  an  "open  door"  for  equal  op- 
portunity in  commercial  and  industrial 
development.  In  conformity  with  such  a 
policy,  it  is  necessary  for  nations  to  main- 
tain the  status  quo  as  long  as  possible. 
Any  shifting  in  the  balance  of  power 
would  be  detrimental  to  this  scheme. 
During  many  a  troubled  time  in  the  Far 
East,  the  United  States  has  spared  no  ef- 
fort in  reiterating  time  and  again,  that 
the  "open  door"  in  China  must  be  main- 
tained in  the  interest  of  all  nations  con- 
cerned. The  Washington  treaty,  the 
Kellog-Briand  pact  and  the  Stimson 
policy  of  non-recognition  are  all  aimed 
at  the  maintenance  of  an  integral  China 
with  which  all  nations  can  share  the 
mutual  benefit  of  legitimate  trade.  To 
fold  its  arms  supinely  and  watch  the 
Japanese  gradually  nip  away  Chinese  ter- 
ritories at  this  time  would  be  diametrically 
opposed  to  the  principles  of  the  "open 
door."   The  Washington  treaty,  the  Kel- 


logg-Briand  pact,  and  the  Stimson  policy 
would  all  become  meaningless  if  Japan 
were  allowed  to  engage  in  further  armed 
aggressions  into  Chinese  territory  with 
absolute  impunity. 

The  invocation  of  the  Neutrality  act 
would  not  only  be  contrary  to  the  spirit 
of  American  foreign  policy  in  Asia  but 
would  also  jeopardize  American  com- 
mercial interests  there.  During  the  last 
ten  years  the  United  States  has  so  suc- 
ceeded in  developing  a  market  in  China 
that  today  she  ranks  as  the  first  in  im- 
portance as  a  seller  to  China.  Over  25 
per  cent  of  China's  total  imports  come 
from  the  United  States.  To  invoke  the 
Neutrality  act  at  this  time  would  not 
only  jeopardize  the  market  thus  created, 
but  would  compel  China  to  seek  other 
sources  of  supply  at  once,  which,  in  the 
course  of  time  might  well  become  per- 
manent suppliers  of  China's  needs.  If 
the  United  States  abandons  the  Chinese 
market  at  the  very  time  when  China  is 
in  need  of  supplies,  China  has  no  alter- 
native but  to  rely  on  other  sources  of 
supply. 

Laying  aside  the  consideration  that 
the  United  States  has  a  grave  responsi- 
bility in  maintaining  the  principle  of  the 
"open  door"  in  the  Far  East,  and  with  it 
the  consideration  that  the  United  States 
has  huge  economic  interests  at  stake,  the 
(Continued  on  page    19) 


NEUTRALITY 

"My  own  view  is  that  analysis 
will  show  that  the  traditional  con- 
ception of  neutrality  is  inapplic- 
able to  a  great  war,  that  is  to  say, 
to  a  war  fought  not  for  a  limited 
objective  in  a  localized  area  but  for 
for  a  supremacy  of  power  over  a 
larger  part  of  the  earth's  surface. 
The  neutral  who  is  in  friendship 
with  both  nations  at  war  must  be- 
lieve that  it  makes  no  vital  differ- 
ence to  him  whether  one  or  the 
other  wins  the  war.  In  respect  to 
all  sorts  of  small  wars,  it  is  easily 
possible  to  be  neutral  in  this  sense. 
The  question  is  whether  a  principle 
which  applies  to  a  war  between  Bo- 
livia and  Paraguay  is  also  valid  for 
a  war  for  the  mastery  of  the 
world."  —  Walter  Lippman.  in 
Foreign  Affairt. 


September,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


s*~*t 


Map  specially  drawn  for  the  Chinese  Digest  by  Ben  Ho 


SINO-JAPANESE  CONFLICT 
IN  NORTH  CHINA 
AND  SHANGHAI 

The  following  is  a  resume  giving  the 
highlights  of  the  as  yet  undeclared  war 
between  China  and  Japan,  from  July 
28  to  August  25.  This  resume  is  a  con- 
tinuance of  the  one  given  in  these  pages 
in  our  last  issue. 

Without  waiting  for  the  ultimatum 
delivered  to  the  Chinese  on  July  27,  to 
expire,  the  Japanese  military  command 
suddenly  abandoned  all  peace  negotia- 
tions   with    Gen    Sung    Che  h- Yuan    on 


July  28  and  started  attacking  Peiping 
from  four  sides  by  land  and  air  forces. 
Gen  Sung  notified  the  central  Chinese 
government  that  he  had  "abandoned 
hope  of  peace"  and  was  ready  to  fight. 

The  29th  army  of  the  37th  division 
proceeded  to  defend  China's  ancient  capi- 
tal, while  from  the  south  two  central 
Chinese  divisions  were  reported  to  be 
heading  northward  to  reinforce  Gen. 
Sung's  forces. 

On  the  same  day  the  Japanese  govern- 
ment asked  its  Parliament  to  appropri- 
ate   #27,840,000    to    finance    the    North 


China  military  adventure.  At  the  same 
time  U.  S.  Secretary  of  State  Cordell 
Hull  for  the  second  time  took  diplomatic 
action  in  the  current  Sino-Japanese  im- 
broglio by  instructing  the  U.  S.  Ambas- 
sadors in  Japan  and  China  to  express  the 
American  government's  hope  that  hos- 
tilities might  be  avoided  in  Peiping.  But 
hostilities  had  already  begun. 

Both  sides  reported  military  victories. 
But  by  nightfall  the  38th  Chinese  divi- 
sion defending  the  south  gate  was  in  re- 
treat under  a  barrage  of  Japanese  bomb- 
ing and  artillery  fire.   The  reported  Chi- 


\t~ 


Poge  6 


CH INESE     DIGEST 


September,  1937 


FAR     EAST 


nese  capture  of  the  Japanese  field  head- 
quarters in  Fengtai,  five  miles  west  of 
Peiping,  was  never  confirmed. 

Then,  inexplicably,  Sung  Cheh-Yuan 
resigned  and  turned  over  the  command  of 
the  29th  army  to  Gen.  Chang  Tse- 
Chung,  pro-Japanese  mayor  of  Tientsin. 
Part  of  the  army  which  would  not  capitu- 
late to  the  Japanese  fled  with  Gen.  Sung. 
The  first  real  armed  conflict  with  the 
Japanese  seemed  to  have  ended  in  defeat 
for  China.  However,  at  Nanking  Gen. 
Chiang  Kai-Shek  sought  to  allay  the  fears 
of  the  people  by  a  declaration  that  "Minor 
defeats  do  not  mean  eventual  defeat. 
The  nation  should  not  be  discouraged  by 
the  latest  setback.  .  .  .  China  is  de- 
termined to  fight  to  the  last  man." 

While  desultory  fighting  continued  in 
Peiping,  disorganized  Chinese  troops  en- 
gaged the  Japanese  in  Tientsin.  The  Jap- 
anese concession,  three  railroad  stations 
and  the  Japanese  airport  were  attacked. 
In  a  reprisal  that  was  as  furious  as  it 
was  quick,  Japanese  planes  bombed  the 
city  in  wholesale  fashion.  All  communi- 
cations were  cut  between  Peiping,  Han- 
kow, and  Tientsin.  It  was  the  longest 
aerial  bombardment  ever  undertaken  by 
the  Japanese  air  corps.  When  it  was  over 
a  Japanese  army  spokesman  announced 
that  nine  "centers  of  anti-Japanese  ele- 
ments" had  been  destroyed:  Palatai  vil- 
lage, Nankai  university — one  of  the  most 
famous  in  North  China, — Tientsin  mu- 
nicipal government  buildings,  Peace 
Preservation  Corps  headquarters,  Fi- 
nance bureau,  Tientsin-Pukow  Railroad 
offices,  Peiping-Mukden  freight  yards, 
and  Chingching  mining  offices.  The  en- 
tire city  was  smoldering  in  ruins. 

In  a  guarded  declaration  in  the  House 
of  Commons,  British  foreign  secretary 
Anthony  Eden  warned  Japan  that  Great 
Britain  would  not  approve  any  further 
attempts  to  detach  Chinese  provinces 
from  China.  France  through  its  embassy 
in  Tokio,  called  the  attention  of  the  Jap- 
enese  government  to  the  necessity  of 
guaranteeing  the  security  of  the  foreign 
concessions  in  China.  (Both  Britain  and 
France  have  concessions  in  Tientsin.) 

On  August  1  the  Soviet  consulate 
general  at  Tientsin  was  raided  by  "white" 
Russians.  The  Soviet  foreign  office  pro- 
tested that  the  Japanese  army  had  some 
connection  with  the  raid,  and  for  a  time 
there  was  a  threat  of  serious  complica- 
tions. 

During  the  first  week  of  August  the 
Japanese  seemed  to  have  gained  control 
of  Hopeh  province  by  the  seizure  of  Pei- 


ping and  Tientsin.  Chinese  troops  taking 
the  offensive  from  various  points  near  Pei- 
ping were  repulsed  by  Japanese  aerial  at- 
tacks. 

Over  the  week-end  Japanese  vessels 
evacuated  all  her  3,500  nationals  from 
Hankow,  commercial  center  of  the  Yang- 
tse  river  valley,  and  abandoned  her  con- 
cession there.  On  August  8,  3,000  Jap- 
anese troops  under  Major  General  T. 
Kawabe  took  formal  control  of  Peiping. 
The  next  military  objective  of  Japan  was, 
inevitably,  Nankow  pass,  gateway  to  the 
provinces  of  Suiyuan  and  Charhar. 
Casualities  on  both  sides  in  the  current 
conflict  were  estimated  at  a  total  of 
20,000. 

But  while  Japan  was  mustering  fresh 
troops  for  the  drive  to  gain  control  of  all 
North  China,  and  while  central  Chinese 
forces  were  also  being  rushed  to  the  de- 
fense, another  critical  situation  in  the  al- 
ready critical  Sino-Japanese  relations 
had  suddenly  developed  elsewhere.  An- 
other "incident"  had  occurred  at  Shang- 
hai. 

A  Japanese  naval  officer,  Lieut.  Oh- 
yama,  and  his  aide,  Yozo  Saito  were 
killed  by  Chinese  sentries  near  the  Hung- 
jao  military  airdrome.  The  Chinese  de- 
clared the  two  men  had  dropped  from  a 
truck  and  opened  fire  when  they  were 
challenged.  The  Japanese  contended  that 
the  officer  did  not  carry  any  weapon, 
hence  could  not  have  been  the  aggressor. 
The  Japanese  navy  threatened  "puni- 
tive" measures.  Shanghai  grew  tense,  as 
in  January  of  1932.  Thosands  of  Chi- 
nese, fearing  a  repetition  of  the  previous 
Shanghai  "war,"  took  refuge  in  the  In- 
ternational settlement  and  the  French 
concession. 

The  Chinese  government,  knowing  that 
the  Japanese  would  make  use  of  the  inci- 
dent to  force  China  to  submit  to  her 
terms,  quickly  dispatched  forces  to 
Shanghai  on  August  12.  At  the  same 
time  the  Japanese  navy  landed  blue- 
jackets. The  Japanese  Ambassador  A. 
Kawagoe  asserted  that  China  and  Japan 
were  drifting  toward  "grave  events," 
while  the  Chinese  foreign  office  an- 
nounced that  China  intended  to  resist 
aggression  at  all  costs. 

While  the  situation  was  drifting  to- 
ward an  eventual  clash  in  Shanghai,  the 
Japanese  army  was  reported  winning  in 
its  drive  toward  Nankow  pass.  In  what 
was  considered  the  greatest  battle  fought 
thus  far  for  the  mastery  of  North  China, 
an  estimated  15,000  Japanese  soldiers  en- 
gaged   25,000   Chinese.     By   tanks,    air- 


planes cavalry,  and  armored  trucks,  the 
Japanese  apparently  cut  through  the  right 
and  left  flank  defenses  of  the  89th  Chi- 
nese division  under  Gen.  Tang  En-po. 
Chinese  communication  lines  along  the 
railway  from  Nankow  to  Kalgan  were 
taken  and  three  separate  Chinese  posi- 
tions along  the  Great  Wall  were  sub- 
jected to  relentless  Japanese  attacks.  But 
the  Chinese  held  on  at  Nankow  Pass 
despite  these  setbacks. 

At  the  same  time  Japanese  concen- 
trated 15  destroyers  and  five  light  cruis- 
ers in  Shanghai's  Whangpoo  river,  and 
between  500  and  1000  bluejackets  ha<> 
reinforced  the  Japanese  garrison  in  the 
city.  Shanghai's  3,500,000  inhabitants, 
3,000,000  of  them  Chinese,  were  panic- 
stricken. 

Then,  on  August  13,  the  second 
"Shanghai  war"  began  when  fighting  be- 
tween Chinese  and  Japanese  troops  broke 
out  in  these  sections  of  the  city.  Once 
again,  as  in  1932,  Japanese  troops  in- 
vaded Chapei  (Chinese  section)  and  once 
again  veteran  Chinese  soldiers  of  the  87th 
and  88th  divisions  poured  in  from  near- 
by Soochow  and  engaged  the  invaders. 
By  this  time  33  Japanese  warships  were 
anchored  in  the  harbor,  guns  ready  for 
action. 

Within  12  hours  scores  of  buildings 
in  the  Chinese  section  were  in  flames,  the 
fire  spreading,  fanned  by  a  strong  wind. 

Taking  the  offensive,  three  Chinese 
warplanes  attempted  to  bomb  the  Jap- 
anese flagship,  Idzumo,  but  missed  by  a 
narrow  margin. 

To  protect  Nanking,  the  central  gov- 
ernment closed  the  Yangtsc  river  below 
Chingkiang  for  navigation.  Shore  forts 
along  the  points  of  blockade  were 
stripped  for  action  and  foreign  ships  were 
warned  to  stay  out  of  the  area. 

While  the  Shanghai  undeclared  war 
grew  apace,  Chinese  soldiers  in  the  north 
were  still  successfully  defending  the  stra- 
tegic Nankow  Pass,  a  fortified  mountain 
pass   extremely   difficult    for    invaders   to 


GUitt&ie.  WosJzi 
*/  Alt 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Portner 
441  Grant  Ave.    Son  Francisco 


September,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


FAR     EAST 


FACTS  ABOUT  THE  CITY 
THAT  IS  SHANGHAI 

Shanghai,  where  a  total  of  275,000 
Chinese  and  Japanese  soldiers  are  wag- 
ing the  second  Sino-Japanese  "undeclared 
war"  in  the  space  of  five  years,  is  the 
greatest  seaport  in  the  Far  East.  It  is  an 
emporium  to  one-eighth  of  the  human 
race  and  is  the  fifth  largest  city  in  the 
world.  Its  population  is  3,500,000,  and 
three  million  of  these  are  Chinese. 

Shanghai  is  really  three  cities  in  one. 
First  of  all  is  the  International  settle- 
ment, which  takes  up  eight  and  two-thirds 
square  miles  of  space,  but  in  which  are 
jammed  practically  all  the  important 
business  houses  of  the  metropolis,  includ- 
ing the  big  foreign  and  native  banks,  the 
hotels,  the  large  department  stores  and 
the  factories.  Here  live  1,000,000 
Chinese  and  44,000  foreigners  who  rep- 
resent a  big  portion  of  the  50  nationali- 
ties who  crowd  Shanghai. 


In  the  International  settlement  13 
foreign  nations  maintain  thirteen  distinct 
courts  of  law.  It  is  governed  by  a  Mu- 
nicipal council  of  14  members — five 
British,  five  Chinese,  two  Americans,  and 
two  Japanese.  It  maintains  an  interna- 
tional police  force  of  Chinese,  Russians, 
Japanese,  and  Sikhs,  and  has  an  annual 
budget  of  £50,000,000  to  spend. 

The  International  settlement  was 
founded  upon  a  concept  known  as  "ex- 
traterritoriality" (or  "extrality") ,  which 
means  that,  although  living  on  foreign 
soil,  a  Britisher  shall  be  a  Britisher,  an 
American  shall  be  an  American,  subject 
only  to  the  laws  of  their  own  country. 

Greater  Shanghai  is  the  Chinese  part 
of  this  city,  governed  by  a  mayor 
appointed  by  Nanking.  It  covers  an  area 
of  320  square  miles,  and  one-half  of  the 
city's  3,000,000  natives  live  here.  Its 
present  mayor  is  O.  K.  Yui,  who  suc- 


ceeded Wu  Te-chen  less  than  a  year  ago 
when  the  latter  was  appointed  the  gover- 
nor of  Kwangtung  province. 

Third  section  of  Shanghai  is  the  French 
concession,  or  "Frenchtown."  It  is  no- 
torious for  its  gaming  houses,  opium 
dens,  and  the  various  forms  of  night- 
life which  have  been  responsible  both 
for  the  city's  international  fame  and 
notoriety.  Nevertheless,  it  is  the  best 
residential  district  of  Shanghai,  with 
its  quiet  streets,  imposing  mansions,  and 
fine  apartment  houses.  The  concession 
is  three  square  miles  in  size,  and  has  a 
population  of  479,000,  of  which  only 
1,200  are  French.  Its  nominal  head  is 
the  French  Consul  General. 

What  will  happen  to  Shanghai  now 
that  two  nations'  soldiers  are  using  it  for 
a  gigantic  battlefield — one  the  invader, 
the  other  the  defender — no  can  can  tell. 
Perhaps  it  will  be  reduced  to  ashes,  ob- 
literating in  a  few  weeks  a  world  trade 
center  which  took  90  years  to  build. 


scale.  At  the  same  time  President  Roose- 
velt conferred  with  Secretary  of  State 
Hull  regarding  the  evacuation  of  Ameri- 
can nationals  from  Shanghai  and  the 
possibility  of  invoking  the  American  Neu- 
trality act  in  the  Far  Eastern  crisis.  It 
was  important  that  Americans  be  taken 
out  of  the  area  of  conflict  as  soon  as  ex- 
pedient since  several  of  them  had  been 
killed  already  and  all  of  the  3500  others 
were  in  constant  danger. 

And  just  as  soon  as  the  first  contin- 
gent of  200  American  women  and  chil- 
dren were  put  aboard  the  President  Taft, 
the  Chinese  and  Japanese  were  fighting 
in  the  city  along  a  30-mile  front. 

On  the  fringes  of  Hongkew,  Japanese 
dominated  section  of  the  International 
settlement,  Japanese  marines  faced  waves 
of  Chinese  infantry.  In  the  Pootung  in- 
dustrial area  between  thirty  and  forty 
thousand  Chinese  soldiers  tried  to  blast 
the  Japanese  navy  from  the  Whangpoo. 
Gunfire  was  exchanged  almost  point 
blank.  Units  of  the  Japanese  army  were 
known  to  be  heading  for  the  Shanghai 
area  and  would  attempt  to  land  at  the 
Yangtze  shore  at  Liuho.  But  wherever 
possible  the  Chinese  were  taking  the  of- 
fensive, desperately  trying  to  prevent  the 
invaders  from  getting  a  foothold  on  land. 

At  Nanking  Gen.  Chiang  Kai-Shek 
summoned  the  American,  British,  French, 
Italian,  and  German  ambassadors  and 
gave  them  this  message:  "We  do  not  in- 
tend to  attack  anyone,  but  we  are  deter- 
mined to  defend  our  territory  at  any 
costs." 


At  almost  the  same  time  Japan  ordered 
its  Embassy  in  Nanking  closed  and  its 
consuls  throughout  China  withdrawn.  On 
the  New  York  Stock  exchange  prices  on 
Japanese  bonds  were  tumbling.  Japanese 
government  6l/2  per  cent  bonds,  which 
early  in  the  year  were  quoted  at  100^4, 
had  gone  down  to  77  and  were  to  tumble 
still  more.  At  Washington  D.  C.  Pres- 
ident Roosevelt  ordered  1200  additional 
U.  S.  marines  to  Shanghai  to  aid  in  evac- 
uating American  nationals  there. 

On  August  18  Chinese  troops  effec- 
tively blockaded  the  upper  reaches  of  the 
Whangpoo  from  Japanese  warship  attack 
by  seizing  and  scuttling  six  Japanese 
steamers  off  the  French  concession.  The 
following  day  an  estimated  100  Japanese 
planes  staged  what  the  United  Press  des- 
cribed as  the  "greatest  aerial  bombings 
the  Orient  has  ever  known,"  on  every 
sector  of  the  city.  By  now  the  war  front 
had  extended  to  more  than  50  miles. 

In  the  U.  S.,  Secretary  of  State  Hull 
announced  that  America  would  steer  a 
"middle  course"  for  the  time  being  in  its 
attitude  toward  the  Sino-Japanese  con- 
flict. This  middle  course  was  to  delay,  as 
long  as  possible,  the  invocation  of  the 
American  Neutrality  act  by  not  formally 
proclaiming  that  the  conflict  going  on  in 
Shanghai  and  North  China  constituted 
"a  state  of  war." 

While  the  undeclared  war  daily  grew 
in  intensity — Japan  was  reported  to  be 
concentrating  90,000  troops  in  North 
China — Chinese  finance  minister  Dr.  H. 
H.  Kung  was  traveling  in  Europe  arrang- 


ing credits  for  arms  and  ammunitions 
from  Britain,  France,  Germany,  Italy, 
Switzerland,  the  Netherlands,  and  Czech- 
oslovakia. Orders  for  machine  guns  were 
placed  with  the  Skoda  works  in  Czecho- 
slovakia, aircraft  in  Italy,  and  tanks  in 
in  France. 

On  August  19  the  European  powers, 
including  Britain,  France,  Italy,  Russia, 
and  Germany,  agreed,  after  a  series  of 
consultations  and  exchanges  of  informa- 
tion, to  adopt  a  hands-off  policy  toward 
the  Sino-Japanese  conflict. 

On  August  21  China  charged  that  14 
Japanese  planes  attempting  to  bomb  Nan- 
king had  used  poison  gas  bombs.  The 
same  day  the  U.  S.  cruiser  Augusta,  an- 
chored off  the  Shanghai  Bund,  was 
shelled  by  Japanese  navy  guns,  killing 
one  sailor  and  wounding  18  others. 

Japanese  Premier  Fumimaro  Konoye 
announced  no  foreign  intervention  would 
be  considered  and  that  the  present  crisis 
must  be  settled  by  China  and  Japan 
alone.  At  the  same  time  fresh  reinforce- 
ments of  Japanese  troops  were  being 
rushed  to  Shanghai  in  a  renewed  effort 
to  land  on  Chinese  soil. 

In  the  North  three  Chinese  divisions 
the  84th,  88th,  and  145th,  were  holding 
a  major  Japanese  force,  heavily  mechan- 
ized, before  Nankow  pass.  The  latter 
had  penetrated  one-third  of  the  15  mile 
pass.  Three  other  Chinese  divisions  were 
pressing  eastward  from  Kalgan  seeking 
to  cut  off  rhe  Japanese  army  from  its 
base  in  Manchukuo.  Eleven  Chinese  di- 
(Continued  on  page   19) 


Page  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINATOWN  READS  AN  D  TALKS  ABOUT  WAR 
The  above  pictures  illustrate  better  than  words  the  unpreceden.ed  interest  Chinatownians  are  taking  in  the  present  Sino- 
Japanese  conflict  in  China.  Top  left  shows  Miss  Loh  Tsei,  called  China's  Joan  of  Arc,  and  Dr.  Heng-Chih  Tao,  executive  member 
of  the  All  China  National  Liberation  association,  at  the  conclusion  of  their  addresses  before  300  American  people  during  their  recent 
stay  here.  Top  right  shows  some  members  of  the  cast  and  their  friends  in  a  recent  N.B.C.  notion-wide  broadcast  from  the  studio  of 
Chingwah  Lee  in  Chinatown.  The  Sino-Japanese  conflict  was  touched  upon  during  this  unique  program,  which  lasted  30  minutes. 
The  lower  left  picture  shows  members  of  the  Great  China  theatre  opera  troups  on  Grant  avenue  while  on  their  store  to  store  solicita- 
tion of  contributions  for  war  relief.  The  banners  in  Chinese,  translated,  read:  Sacrifice!  Kill  the  bondits!  imeoning  the  Japanese 
invaders).  The  other  pictures  show  the  crowds  in  front  of  two  of  the  Chinese  papers.  One  group  is  waiting  for  the  next  edition, 
another  is  already  reading  it,  while  the  last  group  is  jamming  the  newspoper  office  for  copies. 


%W 


September,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


CHINATOWNIA 


LOH  TSEI,  JEANNE 
D'ARC  OF  CHINA 

San  Francisco — Chinatown  during  the 
past  two  months  has  gone  patriotic  with 
a  fervor  which  its  younger  generation 
had  never  seen  before.  From  the  oldest 
octogenarian  to  the  yoongest  school  child 
one  topic,  and  one  topic  alone,  dominates 
their  daily  thoughts  and  conversations: 
the  Sino-Japanese  war  being  fought  on 
Chinese  soil.  Everyone  asks  everyone 
else  these  same  questions:  "How  is  the 
war  going  on?    Are  our  armies  winning?' 

But  as  if  there  were  not  enough  patri- 
otism in  the  heart  of  every  Chinatownian, 
there  came  into  the  communtiy  a  flaming 
symbol  of  the  patriotic  spirit  of  New 
China.  It  was  in  the  person  of  a 
young,  slender,  attractive  girl  in  her  twen- 
ties whom,  at  first  glance,  one  would 
mistake  for  just  another  student  from 
China.  She  was  a  student,  yes,  but  she 
was  also  a  fervent  patriot.  In  fact,  she 
was  so  much  a  patriot  that  she  had  given 
up  her  studies  to  rally  Chinese  youths  for 
the  salvation  of  their  country. 

This  petite  Chinese  girl  was  Miss  Loh 
Tsei,  of  Shanghai,  and  a  former  student 


of  Tsing  Hua  university  in  Peiping.  She 
was  a  student  there  until  the  rising  of  the 
student  movement  the  latter  part  of  1935 
(Chi.  Dig.,  Dec.  27,  1935  -  Jan.  3,  1936) . 
This  movement,  nation-wide  in  scope, 
was  led  by  students  in  the  various  colleges 
and  universities  in  Peiping.  It  was  aimed 
at  rousing  the  central  government  to  re- 
sist with  military  force  the  encroachment 
of  the  Japanese  in  North  China.  In  this 
movement  Loh  Tsei  was  an  outstanding 
leader  in  her  own  school. 

Loh  Tsei  was  thrust  into  the  fore- 
front of  the  movement.  She  knew  how 
to  lead.  And  she  had  fire,  energy,  youth- 
ful enthusiasm  and  fervor,  and  was  pre- 
pared to  sacrifice  her  own  life.  Soon 
she  became  a  symbol  for  youthful  valor, 
courage,  and  idealism. 

Last  year  Loh  Tsei  went  to  Geneva  as 
delegate  of  the  All-China  Student  union 
to  the  World  Youth  congress.  Then  she 
toured  France  and  England,  and  every- 
where she  went  she  talked  of  the  aspira- 
tions and  hopes  of  China's  youths  and  of 
China's  fight  for  freedom  and  democracy. 
Last  November  she  arrived  in  the  United 
States. 

Like  most  Chinese  patriots,  Loh  Tsei  is 


completely  anti-Japanese.  But  she  bears 
no  hatred  for  the  common  people  of 
Japan,  only  for  the  Japanese  military 
whom  she  labels  Fascist-militarists. 

"Due  to  the  persistent  efforts  and 
heroic  sacrifice  of  youths,  our  movement 
of  national  liberation  is  steadily  and  rap- 
idly growing,"  she  declared  in  a  recent 
address.  "We  Chinese  youths  have  de- 
termined to  fight  to  the  end  against  im- 
perialist Japan  which  is  not  only  the 
murderer  of  Chinese  people  but  the  in- 
ternational enemy  of  liberty  and  human 
justice.  We  will  fight  for  a  free  and  in- 
dependent China  which  will  be  a  sure 
bulwark  of  world  peace,  freedom,  and 
progress  .  .  .  ." 

At  one  gathering  Loh  Tsei  talked 
before  more  than  2000  Chinatownians  at 
a  real  mass  meeting.  She  made  a  deep 
impression  by  her  sincerity  and  fighting 
spirit.  Whether  the  audience  knew  it  or 
not,  this  Jeanne  d'Arc  of  China  had  cap- 
tured their  imagination.  But  they  did 
see  that  she  was  a  living  personification 
of  the  spirit  of  youth  in  today's  China — - 
the  China  that  is  marching  (as  she  would 
have  put  it)  toward  freedom  and  real 
democracy. 


CHINESE  IN  AMERICA  SENDS 
FUNDS  FOR  CHINA  WAR 
CHEST  AND  WAR  RELIEF 

It  is  almost  an  axiom  that  the  most 
patriotic  Chinese  are  those  who  are  over- 
seas, the  estimated  8,000,000  who  are 
scattered  throughout  the  four  corners  of 
the  globe.  For  proof  they  will  point  to 
the  fact  that  it  was  their  money  and 
the  lives  of  some  of  them  who,  led  by 
Sun  Yat-sen,  brought  about  the  down- 
fall of  the  Manchu  dynasty  and  estab- 
lished the  Chinese  republic  just  a  quarter 
of  a  century  ago-. 

Of  all  these  overseas  Celestials  none 
consider  themselves  more  patriotic  than 
the  75,000  Chinese  who  live  in  the  United 
States  today.  Too  far  away  from  their 
motherland  to  offer  their  services  or 
their  lives  for  the  building  of  the  New 
China,  they  invariably  do  the  next  best 
thing.  They  send  home  their  hard 
earned  cash  whenever  China  faces  a  na- 
tional crisis,  as  in  1931,  when  Japan 
invaded  Manchuria,  and  again  in  1932, 
when  these  same  Japanese  invaded 
Shanghai. 

Since  being  a  patriotic  Chinese  means 
also  that  one  must  hate  the  Japanese, 
the  Chinese  in  America  are  rabidly  anti- 
Japanese  and  are  not  afraid  to  voice  their 
pent-up  emotions.  They  believe,  as  do 
most  of  their  people  in  China  now  do, 


that  China  cannot  become  a  united  and 
peaceful  nation  until  she  can  actually 
come  into  military  grip  with  Japan  and 
best  her  in  a  decisive  struggle. 

When  the  current  Sino  -  Japanese 
trouble  began  in  North  China  on  July 
7,  war  fever  began  to  grip  the  Chinese 
in  the  various  communities  throughout 
the  country,  stretching  from  San  Fran- 
cisco to  New  York  in  the  east,  and  from 
New  Orleans  to  the  Canadian  borders  in 
the  north.  From  the  front  page  of  every 
American  paper,  over  the  radio,  and 
most  important,  from  the  pages  of  the 
ten  Chinese  newspapers  published  in  San 
Francisco,  Chicago,  and  New  York,  they 
learned  that  the  motherland  was  facing 
another  crisis,  perhaps  her  biggest  one 
in  her  short  existence  as  a  republic.  As 
the  weeks  passed  and  the  Sino-Japanese 
conflict  grew  more  serious  hourly,  the 
Chinese  in  America  realized  that  this 
time  it  was  more  than  a  mere  crisis. 
China  was  waging  a  life  and  death  strug- 
gle for  her  existence  as  a  nation. 

To  arms?  That  was  out  of  the  ques- 
tion. Money!  Yes,  once  more  they  must 
aid  the  Chinese  central  government  with 
financial  support,  as  they  have  done  so 
many  times  before. 

In  San  Francisco,  one  month  after  the 
start  of  the  North  China  conflict,  Chinese 
societies  and  individual  merchants  began 


to  cable  contributions  to  Nanking.  On 
the  second  week  of  August,  upon  receipt 
of  an  appeal  for  war  relief  funds  from 
the  Overseas  Chinese  Affairs  committee 
at  Nanking,  transmitted  to  the  commun- 
ity through  the  Chinese  Consulate  gen- 
eral, the  Chinese  Consolidated  Benovlent 
association  (Six  Companies)  proceeded 
to  set  up  a  central  organization  for  the 
collection  of  war  relief  funds.  The 
Young-  China  daily,  local  Kuomintang 
organ,  volunteered  as  a  contribution  col- 
lection agency  also. 

Within  three  days  the  Six  Companies 
set  up  the   Chinese   War  Relief  associa- 


w-Ult  a  net*  /lo&l 
Suit  and  Ove/iao&t 

Lounge-Model  Suits 
$30,  $35,  $40 

Overcoats $30  up 

Henry  Shue  Tom 

Chinese  Salesman  and  Representative 

At 

RooaBro* 

Market  at  Stockton 


Page   10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


tion.  At  its  first  meeting  representatives 
numbering  over  100  came  from  practical- 
ly every  trade  guild  and  society  in  the 
community,  whether  fraternal,  district, 
family,  or  social  group.  War  fever  was 
heightened  by  a  fervor  for  solidarity  and 
unity.  For  the  first  time  in  the  com- 
munity's history  every  group,  faction, 
clique,  society,  association,  and  lodge 
joined  hands  and  fraternized  with  each 
other.  It  provided  a  spectacle  never  be- 
fore witnessed.  This  evidence  of  unity 
for  one  common  purpose  whipped  up 
the  community's  patriotic  fervor  to  new 
heights. 

Within  a  week  contributions  totaling 
£100,000  Chinese  currency  (£30,000 
U.  S.)  had  been  raised.  Largest  indi- 
vidual contribution  £50,000  (Chinese) , 
came  from  Joe  Shoong,  head  of  the  Na- 
tional Dollar  stores.  His  employees, 
numbering  several  hundred,  each  pledged 
one  month's  salary  as  their  contribution. 
Many  employees  in  Chinatown  stores 
did  likewise. 

Various  means  were  devised  by  differ- 
ent organizations  to  raise  more  funds. 
One  club,  under  the  direction  of  Mrs. 
C.  C.  Huang,  wife  of  the  Consul  general, 
made  paper  flowers  and  dispatched  scores 
of  girls  to  sell  them  in  the  streets  and 
stores;  one  school  organized  a  corps  of 
40  boys  and  sent  them  out  to  swell  the 
relief  funds  by  shining  shoes.  The  Chi- 
nese Theater  guild  announced  perform- 
ances of  Noel  Coward's  "Hay  Fever"  at 
the  N.  S.  G.  W.  hall  from  September 
16  to  18,  and  later  probably  also  in 
Berkeley  and  Palo  Alto.  A  local  orchestra, 
with  the  cooperation  of   various   young 

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people's  clubs,  will  give  a  series  of  bene- 
fits for  the  same  purpose. 

While  contributions  poured  in  from 
Chinese  throughout  the  East  Bay,  and 
not  a  few  Americans  also,  the  Consulate 
general  abruptly  received  another  noti- 
fication from  Nanking,  this  time  stating 
that  the  central  government  was  floating 
£500,000,000  worth  of  bonds,  payable  in 
20  years,  and  asking  that  the  overseas 
Chinese  purchase  as  many  of  them  as 
possible.  As  evidence  of  its  faith  in  the 
central  government,  the  community  re- 
sponded by  buying  generous  shares. 

But  communities  in  other  states  were 
not  to  be  outdone  by  San  Francisco  in 
patriotic  generosity.  In  San  Diego,  for 
instance,  11  hard  working  laundrymen 
belonging  to  one  laundry  contributed 
£1,000  (Chinese) ;  while  in  Fresno  the 
Six  Companies  considered  deducting  10 
per  cent  of  the  wages  paid  all  Chinese 
employees  of  Chinese  business  houses  who 
are  represented  by  the  Six  Companies. 
In  Tucson  and  Phoenix,  centers  of  Chi- 
nese populations  in  Arizona,  £5,000 
(Chinese)  was  raised  within  a  few  days 
by  15  canvassers  organized  by  the  Chi- 
nese Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  £10,000 
more  was  promised. 

The  same  thing  was  happening  in  other 
Chinese  communities  throughout  the 
Midwest,  the  South,  and  the  eastern 
states.  In  the  East,  New  York's  China- 
town served  as  headquarters. 

In  San  Francisco  and  vicinity  alone, 
at  the  end  of  last  month,  close  to  £250,- 
000  Chinese  money  had  been  raised.  This 
sum  does  not  include  the  purchases  of 
Chinese  government  bonds.        W.  H. 

■4—4— 4—4—4— 4—4—4—4— 4—4— 4— 4— 4— 4-i 


3/unede  Specie**  And  &*d&UawtesiA,: 

Speakers  on  Things  Chinese:  Over  100  bookings  were 

arranged  by  us  for  dynamic  lecturers  on  the  late  Man- 
churian  and  Shanghai  Crises. 

Musicians  and  Entertainers:  Outstanding  talents  re- 
cruited from  the  Pacific  Coast  to  M.  G.  M.  for  the  making 
of  "the  Good  Earth." 

THE  CHINESE  TRADE  AND  TRAVEL  ASSOCIATION 


Since  1930 


Booking  Department 


868  Wash.  St.,  S.  F.,  Calif. 


4- 
4- 
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\ 
\ 
i 

i 

: 

4- 

I 


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j 

■f 

4 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 

AogspU  Anoduid 

(This  column,  a  regular  monthly  fea- 
ture, is  conducted  by  H.  K.  Wong,  and 
covers  the  young  people's  activities 
throughout  the  various  Chinatowns  in  the 
country  with  the  help  of  a  corps  of  CD 
correspondents — Editor . ) 

Many  thanks  to  friends  who  send  in 
news  for  this  column.  They  are  all  very 
welcome,  but  be  sure  to  sign  your  names 
and  addresses  to  contributions;  otherwise 
the  news  cannot  be  used.  .  .  . 

Here  it  is  September  and  footballs  fill 
the  air;  but  in  China  there  are  the  roars 
of  guns  and  all  the  turmoil  attending  a 
war.  .  .  .  Have  you  done  your  duty? 
Did  you  step  up  to  your  local  war  refu- 
gee fund  HQH  with  your  donations?  If 
you  haven't,  do  so  at  once!  !  .  .  . 

Ben  Ung  and  Alyce  Wong,  after  "keep- 
ing company"  for  several  years,  will  be 
married  Sept.  4  at  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Oakland  .  .  .  and  several 
weeks  ago  Maye  Chung  and  George 
Young  of  Salinas  were  married  at  the 
First  Methodist  church  there.  Brides- 
maid was  Faye  Huey  of  S.  F.  and  best 
man  was  Francis  Young  of  S.  F.  The 
bride  is  employed  at  the  Salinas  Drive- 
in  market,  which  is  owned  by  the  bride- 
groom. .  .  .  Congrats  to  you  all!  !  .  .  . 

The  Stockton  Wolves  Club  Annual 
Labor  Day  dance  on  Sept.  5  at  Eagles  hall 
— there  will  be  a  benefit  affair  this  time, 
with  Ray  Wong  in  charge.  .  .  .  Proceeds 
will  go  to  the  China  war  refugee  fund. 
It's  a  patriotic  gesture,  so  let's  all  help 
by  attending.  Kenny  Hepper's  10-piece 
ork  will  play.  .  .  .  The  Fresno  Fay  Wah 
club  is  also  planning  a  benefit  dance  for 
the  same  purpose.  .  .  .  Prexy  Dr.  Philip 
Ching,  the  Women's  auxiliary,  and  the 
Junior  club  are  joining  in  this  affair. 

"Yippy"  Yip,  district  manager  for 
one  of  the  big  morning  dailies,  is  being 
kept  busier  than  ever  during  these  War 
Extras  days.  He  covers  distribution  for 
a  wide  area  in  S.  F. 

Conrad  Fong,Art  Yim,  Fred  K.  Wong, 
Ben  Chu,  and  Walt  Wong  were  the 
lucky  tennis  players  sent  up  to  Seattle 
and  Portland.  Every  time  the  boys 
started  to  sing  in  the  car,  Conrad,  his 
"boy  soprano"  voice  flitting  among  the 
high  Cs,  sang  Pagliacci  or  Sylvia  to 
throw  the  others'  masculine  harmony 
into  discord.  He  even  threw  in  "The 
Toreador  Song"  for  good  measure.  .  .  . 
Dance  chairman  Art  Hee  and  commit- 
tee hope  to  make  the  second  annual  Wah 
(Continued  on   page    /■>) 


September,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   11 


HEALTH     HINTS 


HEALTH 
HINTS 

No  less  an  authority  than  Chinatown's 
own  Dr.  Margaret  Chung  expresses  her- 
self on  the  most  vital  problem  confronting 
the  Chinese  of  today,  namely  that  of 
health.  This  eminent  and  skilled  physician 
has  worked  in  Chinatown  for  the  past 
fifteen  years  with  remarkably  successful 
results  and  is  in  the  enviable  position  of 
knowing  whereof  she  speaks.  This  color- 
ful personality  received  her  education  in 
her  native  state  of  California  and  served 
on  the  staff  of  the  Santa  Fe  hospital  in 
Los  Angeles  before  going  to  the  Women 
and  Children's  hospital  in  Chicago.  Sub- 
sequently, Dr.  Chung  became  a  crimi- 
nologist for  the  state  of  Illinois  and  then 
resident  physician  at  the  Kankakee  State 
hospital  before  coming  to  San  Francisco 
to  establish  her  practice. 

Dr.  Chung  made  the  interesting  ob- 
servation in  her  surgical  work  as  per- 
formed on  Chinese  patients  that  blood 
does  not  coagulate  as  rapidly  as  it  should 
nor  do  open  wounds  heal  as  quickly  in 
comparison  with  the  general  population 
of  the  whites.  The  doctor  believes  this 
is  due  to  a  deficiency  of  calcium  in  the 
Chinese  diet.  For  this  reason  she  recom- 
mends the  use  of  milk  for  the  Chinese 


Dr.  Margaret  Chung,  M.  D. 


adults  as  well  as  the  child  due  to  its  high 
calcium  content.  Dr.  Chung  says,  "I  can- 
not emphasize  the  use  of  milk  too  much 
since  it  is  ideally  suited  to  healthful  well- 
being."   Milk  may  be  said  to  be  the  only 


properly-balanced  food,  well-adapted  to 
the  growing  organism.  Furthermore,  all 
the  different  substances  present  are  read- 
ily digestible. 

Entering  upon  a  more  involved  and 
technical  discussion  of  the  properties  of 
milk  we  find  that  its  important  sub- 
stances are: 

(1)  Calcium,  which  is  necessary  for  the 
proper  development  of  bones  and  teeth. 
Milk  is  the  best  and  most  available  source 
of  calcium.  One  quart  of  milk  per  day 
for  the  growing  child  or  adult  provides 
the  necessary  amount,  which  is  one  gram. 

Calcium  deficiency  is  an  important 
factor  in  the  development  of  rickets  and 
faulty  bone  formation  leading  to  various 
types  of  malformation,  such  as  bow  legs, 
deformed  chest  and  skull,  and  knock 
knees. 

(2)  Phosphorus  is  another  of  milk's 
constituents.  It  is  also  necessary  for 
bone  and  teeth  building.  Sixty  per  cent  of 
our  bones  consists  of  calcium  in  combina- 
tion with  phosphate  and  carbonate. 

(3)  Vitamin  A  is  essential  for  growth. 
Milk  derivatives  are  the  most  important 
source  of  vitamin  A.  This  prevents  an  in- 
fection of  the  eye  known  as  neopthalmia, 

(Continued  on  page   19) 


CHINESE  PHYSICIANS  AND  DENTISTS  ENDOHIIK  ITIILK  AS  THE  IDEAL  FOOD 


ALICE  AH  TYE,  D.D.S. 
San  Francisco 


DAVID  K.  CHANG,  M.D. 
716  Pacific  St. 


A.  B.  CHINN,  M.D. 
755  Clay  St. 


HELEN  T.  CHINN,  M.D. 
755  Clay  St. 


HENRY  D.  CHEU,  M.D. 
869  Washington  St. 


MARGARET  CHUNG,  M.D. 
752  Sacramento  St. 


COLLIN  H.  DONG,  M.D. 
949    Stockton 


JAMES  H.  HALL,  M.D. 
848  Jackson  St. 


ALFRED  F.  JUE,  D.D.S. 
619    Kearny   St. 


S.  L.  H.  LAMB,  M.D. 
243  Joice  St. 


CHANG  W.  LEE,  D.D.S. 
San    Francisco 


DAN   LEE,   D.D.S. 
San  Francisco 


THEODORE  C.   LEE,  D.D.S. 
843  Clay  St. 

CHIN   Y.   LOW,  M.D. 
750   Grant   Ave. 

K.  C.  WONG,  D.D.S. 
823   Grant  Ave. 

ROSE  GOONG-WONG,  M.D. 
823  Grant  Ave. 

J.  T.  YEE,  D.D.S. 

640   Broadway 

See  later  issues   for 
other  endorsements. 


r~ 


Poge   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,   1937 


CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


CHINESE  INVENTIONS 
AND  DISCOVERIES 

Numbers,  56-72:  The  Chinese  were 
the  first  to  have  colleges,  universities,  and 
a  national  academy;  the  graduates  wore 
caps  and  gowns;  and  special  uniform 
writing  paper  was  required  at  the  exami- 
nations. 

All  the  major  types  of  educational  in- 
stitutions were  founded  in  China  before 
the  Christian  era,  and  at  least  one  or 
them  had  a  practically  continuous  exist- 
ence down  to  the  present.  The  Book  or 
Rites,  as  compiled  by  Confucius  from 
the  writings  of  the  Chou  and  pre-Chou 
periods,  stated  that  the  ancient  estab- 
lished schools  for  villages,  academies  or 
high  schools  for  their  districts,  colleges 
for  their  departments,  and  universities  for 
their  municipalities  or  provincial  cap- 
itals. 

The  oldest  university  in  the  world  is 
the  National  university  or  Kuo  Tze  Chien 
(School  for  Sons  of  the  State) .  It  was 
mentioned  in  the  13th  Book  of  Chou 
Li,  and  there  are  indications  that  it  ex- 
isted from  the  very  beginning  of  the 
Chou  dynasty  (1122  B.C.).  Enrollment 
during  the  Chou  period  was  probably 
limited  to  the  sons  of  the  nobilities  or 
the  very  wealthy,  and  physical  training 
was  an  important  function  of  the  school. 
The  Chou  Li  stated  that  the  president 
was  to  have  charge  of  the  moral  educa- 
tion of  the  students,  and  the  delivery  of 
instructions  to  the  Emperor  on  the  proper 
governance  of  the  country.  The  vice 
president  supervised  the  instruction  of 
the  six  arts  (li,  yueh,  she,  yu,  shu,  and 
su — or  music,  archery,  horsemanship, 
writing,  mathematics,  and  rituals) ,  as 
well  as  to  reprove  the  emperor  for  his 
faults. 

The  Kuo  Tze  Chien  of  our  time  was 
located  in  the  northeastern  angle  of  the 
Tartar  city  of  Peking.  Its  campus  in- 
cluded the  Ceremonial  temple,  the  Im- 
perial Lecture  hall  (where  the  Emperor, 
in  form  at  least,  received  his  admonition 
or  lecture) ,  the  library,  lecture  rooms  for 
the  different  departments,  and  dormi- 
tories. 

There  were  also  a  grove  of  cedar,  sym- 
bolic of  enduring  fame,  a  court  with 
nearly  200  granite  tablets  on  which  were 
carved  the  sacred  books  of  the  Empire, 
including  the  13  classics,  and  another  en- 
closure on  which  some  300  columns  bear 
the  names  of  some  60,000  scholars  who 
received  their  doctorate  degrees  during 
the  last  six  centuries. 

The  university  was  located  at  Hsi  An 


during  the  Tang  dynasty  (617-906  A. 
D.) ,  for  the  university  must  always  be 
located  near  the  national  capital.  Still 
to  be  found  at  Hsi  An  are  the  stone  tab- 
lets bearing  the  names  of  graduates  of 
the  time,  and  also  the  stone  classics. 
These  stone  classics  at  Hsi  are  considered 
superior  to  those  at  Peking  because  of 
their  antiquity  and  because  of  their  ex- 
cellent calligraphy.  Rubbings  are  con- 
stantly taken  from  them  and  these  com- 
mand a  high  price  (Chinese  Digest  on 
Printing,  Jan.  31,  1937).  This  carving 
of  the  classics  on  stone  is  a  survival  of  a 
practice  in  vogue  before  the  invention  of 
printing,  as  a  means  of  preserving  the 
classics  for  future  generations. 

During  the  latter  part  of  the  Ch'ing 
dynasty  the  university  had  a  staff  of 
about  a  hundred  educators.  The  officers 
included  a  rector,  who  was  selected  from 
among  the  chief  ministers  of  the  state, 
two  presidents,  three  vice  presidents,  two 
directors  of  instruction  (po  shih),  two 
proctors,  two  secretaries,  and  one  chief 
librarian.  Besides  the  teaching  staff 
there  was  a  body  of  translators  and 
clerks. 

The  university  had  six  colleges,  each 
with  two  regular  professors  and  a  staff 
of  assistant  professors.  During  the  Man- 
chu  regime  there  were  also  eight  col- 
leges for  the  Manchu  nobility  (or  Ban- 
nermen),  each  with  a  staff  of  five  pro- 
fessors and  an  enrollment  of  105  govern- 
mentally  supported  students.  This  is 
really  the  West  Point  or  Annapolis  of 
Imperial  China,  for  the  students  here 
were  given  training  in  military  and  naval 
affairs,  colonial  administration,  and  po- 
litical science.  In  addition  there  was  a 
school  of  mathematics  and  astronomy 
("more  astrological  than  astronomical"), 
and  a  school  for  foreign  language  (Rus- 
sian) .  During  the  earlier  period  there 
was  said  to  be  a  school  for  European 
studies.  The  university  with  the  anti- 
quated Imperial  Astronomical  college 
was  merged  to  form  the  Tung-wan  Kwan 
(School  of  Combined  Learning)  to  in- 
clude modern  European  languages  and 
scientific  studies  in  1865.  It  lives  on  to- 
day as  the  National  university  of  Peking. 

The  oldest  university  having  a  contin- 
uous existence  in  one  locality  is  the  Peh 
Lu  Tung  Ta  Hsueh  or  White  Deer 
Grotto  university  in  Kiangsi  province, 
four  hundred  miles  up  the  Yangtze  river. 
Founded  in  906  A.  D.  as  a  school  (gov- 
ernment school  of  the  Lu  mountains)  it 
received  the  status  of  a  university  in  960 
A.  D.    For   tradition  or   for  beauty   of 


surroundings  the  university  is  without  a 
rival.  Writing  in  1921,  W.  Reginald 
Wheeler  describes  his  visit  to  this  uni- 
versity as  follows: 

"My  first  visit  was  made  after  de- 
scending the  Lu  mountains  from  Kuling. 
The  sight  of  the  great  Yangtze  valley 
from  the  parapets  of  the  Lu  mountains  is 
one  of  the  grandest  in  the  world.  Down 
we  go  through  a  wooded  vale — a  rarity 
in  China — and  then  along  the  level  land 
of  the  valley  with  rice  fields  on  both  sides 
of  the  narrow  stone  path.  Above  tower 
the  Wu  Lao  Fung,  the  "Five  Old  Peaks"; 
far  beyond  is  the  shining  expanse  of  Poy- 
ang  lake,  the  most  celebrated  of  Chinese 
inland  waters. 

"As  we  round  a  bend  of  the  stream, 
there  appears  a  beautifully  proportioned 
bridge,  its  stones  hung  with  ivy  and  moss; 
beyond  it  rise  dark  pines  and  brilliant 
hard-woods,  and  half  hidden,  the  grace- 
ful, upturning  lines  of  a  Chinese  roof. 
We  cross  the  bridge — a  reminder  that  the 
Chinese  knew  the  secret  of  arched  ma- 
sonry long  before  the  Romans  taught  it 
to  the  rest  of  the  world — and  we  go  un- 
der a  gateway  inscribed  'The  Happy 
Place  of  Famous  Learning.'  We  are  on 
the  campus  of  the  oldest  university." 

Within  the  campus  are  tile-roofed 
white  buildings  nestling  among  trees,  not 
unlike  a  diminutive  replica  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  California  at  Berkeley.  A  con- 
spicuous landmark  is  a  cave  within  which 
one  finds  a  Ming  dynasty  stone  statue 
of  a  deer.  It  is  the  "mascot"  of  Peh 
Lu  Tung.  The  university  received  its 
name  from  the  fact  that  the  poet  Li  P'o 
was  enchanted  with  the  spot  and  camped 
there  for  a  while,  living  in  the  cave  with 
his  brother  and  a  pet  white  deer,  nick- 
named Peh  Lu  Esquire. 

The  university  also  has  shrines  to  Con- 
fucius and  his  disciples,  and  equally  as 
important,  a  shrine  to  Chu  Hsi  or  Chu 
Fu-tze,  the  great  philosopher-statesman 
of  the  Sung  dynasty.  It  was  Chu  Hsi 
who,  when  a  prefect  of  Kiangsi,  found 
the  university  in  a  state  of  stupor,  and 
who  brought  about  its  revival.  Later  he 
became  its  president,  and  upon  his  death, 
he  was  buried  in  a  grove  within  the  uni- 
versity grounds. 

Peh  Lu  Tung  is  one  of  the  few  spots 
in  China  were  reforestation  as  outlined 
by  Mencius  was  practiced,  and  fittingly, 
a  forestry  experimentation  station  and  a 
School  of  Practice  forestry  wore  estab- 
lished in  this  university  a  decade  ago. 
(An  article  on  "The  early  Practice  and 


September,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  13 


CULTURE 


Chingwah   Lee 


Decline  of  Reforestation  in  China"  will 
appear  in  these  columns  in  a  later  issue  of 
the  Digest.)  While  not  the  oldest  uni- 
versity in  China,  Peh  Lu  Tung  was  two 
hundred  years  old  when  Salerno  was 
founded  in  the  twelfth  century;  it  was  al- 
ready hoary  with  age  and  tradition  when 
Bologna,  Paris,  Prague,  or  Oxford  were 
in  their  swaddling  clothes. 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  here  that  schol- 
ars in  ancient  China  wore  caps  and  gowns 
as  do  graduates  in  the  West  today. 
Traditional  portraits  of  Confucius  and 
other  scholars  show  them  with  "mortar 
boards"  identical  with  those  worn  in  the 
West  except  that  they  are  rectangular 
rather  than  square  and  have  tassels  along 
the  front  and  back  edges.  Graduates  of 
Yen  Ching  university  re-adopted  these 
ancient  caps  and  gowns  two  years  ago. 

Another  feature  similar  to  those  of  uni- 
versities of  the  West  was  the  require- 
ment of  students  to  bring  to  the  state 
examinations,  uniform  writing  paper  of 
a  prescribed  size,  a  fore-runner  of  the 
"blue  books"  of  our  days. 

The  Chinese  also  had  a  National  acad- 
emy which  served  as  the  intellectual  cen- 
ter of  the  Empire.  Once  every  three  years 
the  government  conducted  a  special  series 
of  tests  under  the  supervision  of  His 
Majesty  in  person  for  graduates  who  had 
just  received  their  doctorate.  From  these 
tests  the  pick  of  the  scholars  were  elected 
to  membership  in  the  Hanlin  Yuan  or 
Imperial  academy.  A  certain  number 
who  come  very  near  being  elected  were 
made  probate  members.  This  "sorbonne" 
of  China  may  also  be  traced  back  to  the 
Chou  dynasty  for  a  beginning.  Chou 
dynasty  philosophers  had  always  dreamed 
of  an  empire  ruled  by  brains.  However, 
it  was  with  Wu  Ti  of  the  Han  dynasty 
and  Wang  Mang  of  the  Hsien  dynasty 
that  "brain  trusts"  had  definite  beginning. 

During  the  Tang  dynasty  Emperor 
Tai  Tsung  formed  a  Wen  Hsueh  Kuan 
with  eighteen  picked  scholars  of  the  land 
as  members.  To  this  body  he  added  an 
army  of  skilled  scribes  who  were  in- 
structed to  copy  all  the  important  books 
of  the  land.  His  successor,  Hung  Tsung 
(or  Ming  Huang)  added  a  body  of 
specialists  to  this  academy  and  installed 
Li  Tai  P'o  as  one  of  its  shining  mem- 
bers. Because  of  the  large  number  of 
scribes  in  this  academy  he  gave  it  the 
poetical  title  "Forest  of  Pencils"  (Han- 
lin), and  since  740  A.  D.  membership 
in  the  Hanlin  academy  is  the  dream  of 
all  the  scholars  in  dynastic  China. 

The  Constitution  of  the  Ch'ing  dy- 
nasty Hanlin  Yuan,  as  revealed  in  the 


Ta  Ch'ing  Hui  Tien  or  Regulations  of 
the  Ch'ing  dynasty,  gives  us  a  clue  as  to 
the  function  of  this  august  body.  Briefly 
the  more  important  points  may  be  sum- 
marized as  follows: 

"There  shall  be  two  presidents,  one 
Manchu  and  one  Chinese.  They  shall 
supervise  the  composition  of  the  dynas- 
tic histories,  as  well  as  charts,  books,  Im- 
perial decrees,  and  literary  matters  in 
general.  They  shall  be  ex-officio  vice 
presidents  of  the  Bureau  of  Contempor- 
ary History.  There  shall  be  a  class  of 
candidates  on  probation  (Shu-ch'i  shih  or 
Fortunate  scholars),  indefinite  in  num- 
ber. These  shall  not  be  charged  with 
any  specific  duty,  but  shall  prosecute 
their  studies  in  the  schools  attached  to 
the  academy.  At  the  end  of  three  years 
they  shall  be  tested  and  those  of  the  first 
three  grades  shall  be  received  into  full 
membership,  while  those  of  the  last  or 
fourth  grade  shall  be  assigned  to  posts 
in  the  civil  service,  or  retained  for  another 
three  years  to  study  and  be  examined 
with  the  next  class. 

"Besides  two  librarians  and  four  proof 
readers  there  shall  be  forty-four  scribes 
who  shall  be  employed  in  copying  and 
translations. 

"The  Expositors  at  the  Classic  table 
shall  be  16  in  number.  These  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  Emperor  on  recommen- 
dation of  the  Academy,  and  twice  a  year 
they  shall  expound  the  classics.  The 
daily  expositoss  shall  be  above  the  grade 
of  Ch'ien  Tao  and  below  that  of  the  presi- 
dent, and  shall  be  twenty-eight  in  number. 

"Sacrificial  addresses  shall  be  drawn 
up  by  the  Hanlin  and  submitted  to  the 
Emperor  for  his  approval  for  the  fol- 
lowing occasions:  Worship  at  the  Altar 
of  Heaven,  the  Ancestral  temple,  the  Im- 
perial cemeteries,  and  the  Altar  of  Ag- 
riculture; also  sacrifices  to  the  ancient 
sage  Confucius,  and  to  the  spirits  of  the 
mountains,  the  seas,  and  the  lakes. 

"The  Hanlin  shall  respectfully  prepare 
honorary  titles  for  the  dowager  empresses 
and  the  chief  concubines;  prepare  patents 
of  nobility  for  the  princes,  dukes,  gen- 
erals, and  feudal  states;  prepare  inscrip- 
tions on  State  seals;  and  prepare  post- 
humous titles  for  deceased  emperors,  to- 
gether with  monumental  inscriptions  and 
sacrificial  addresses  for  them. 

"Prescribe  the  number  and  quality  of 
those  of  the  Hanlin  who  shall  attend  his 
Majesty  when  the  Emperor  appears  in 
public  courts,  during  his  sojourn  at  the 
Summer  palace,  and  on  his  various  jour- 
neys beyond  the  capital. 

"The  Hanlin  shall  make  copy  of  the 


best  specimens  of  the  provincial  exami- 
nation essays  and  publish  them.  It  shall 
provide  examinations  for  probate  mem- 
bers and  decide  on  their  admission  to 
regular  membership;  it  shall  also  devise 
tests  for  the  regular  members  and  de- 
cide on  their  promotion." 

The  Academia  Sinica  of  Republican 
China  may  be  considered  the  modern 
eqivalent  of  the  Hanlin  academy,  and 
its  president,  Tsai  Yuan-pei,  may  truly 
be  considered  a  living  link  between  the 
old  and  the  new. 

For  the  lucky  chin-shih  or  doctors  who 
have  won  the  Hanlin  membership  there  is 
still  a  series  of  eliminative  tests  which 
finally  result  in  the  selection  of  a  shuang 
yuan  or  "Scholar  Laureate."  Great  in- 
deed is  the  honor  attached  to  this  title. 
He  is  the  picked  scholar  of  the  land,  "a 
flower  which  blooms  but  once  in  every 
three  years."  Provinces  contend  excitedly 
for  this  glorious  prize,  and  a  town  having 
such  a  scholar  is  distinguished  forever. 
Triumphal  arches  are  erected  at  intervals 
all  the  way  from  Peking  to  his  village, 
where  he  goes  to  pay  respects  to  his  par- 
ents and  his  teachers,  and  to  worship  at 
the  ancestral '  shrine. 

Among  the  chuang  yuans  (there  never 
was  more  than  a  handful  in  the  whole 
empire)  the  handsomest  is  called  ch-hua 
chuang  huan  (the  flower  bearer).  He 
substitutes  for  the  Emperor  in  minor 
social  and  state  functions.  Many  are  the 
romances  connected  with  the  private  lives 
of  these  scholar  laureates — their  early 
struggles  and  their  rise  to  fame  from 
lowly  estates.  It  is  impossible  to  describe 
the  respect  and  the  awe  accorded  these 
living  sages.  (Note:  The  characters  on 
the  marble  front  of  the  balcony  of  the 
Four  Family  association  in  Chinatown 
were  written  by  a  chuang  yuan  of  the 
Chang  family.) 

Next  Month:  References  for  the  above 
article  and  "The  Chinese  Were  the  First 
to  Have  a  Civil  Service  Based  on  Com- 
petitive Examinations." 


r 


Ail-Around  Good  Food 

Reasonable  prices 

Far  East  Cafe 

Spacious  Accommodations 

631  Grant  Ave.  China  1085 


Poge   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,   1937 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


CHINESE 
SINGLE  MEN 

By  Samuel  D.  Lee 
(Third  of  a  series  of  Four  Articles) 
The  routine  case  history,  as  required 
by  the  State  Relief  administration,  deals 
primarily  with  questions  of  eligibility  and 
manipulative  problems,  such  as  health, 
employment,  and  housing.  There  is  no 
attempt  to  obtain  verbatim  records,  such 
as  those  found  in  the  courts  and  various 
other  agencies,  which  undoubtedly  would 
be  of  great  value  to  the  social  historian 
and  student  of  human  relations.  Never- 
theless, the  fact  that  the  immigration 
authorities  take  great  pride  in  disregard- 
ing human  errors  makes  it  imperative 
that  accurate  records  be  kept.  Incrimi- 
nating evidence  such  as  the  use  of  names 
unknown  to  the  immigration  people 
might  often  expose  innocent  persons  to 
deportation  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
Chinese  customs  give  most  of  them  the 
right  to  more  than  one  name.  Although 
the  relief  agency  is  interested  in  establish- 
ing residence  requirements  for  relief  pur- 
poses, the  Chinese  workers  are  aware  of 
the  necessity  of  giving  detailed  informa- 
tion concerning  legal  entry,  length  of  resi- 
dence, and  the  number  of  visits  to  the 
homeland.  This  protective  measure  has 
brought  forth  many  interesting  facts 
which  will  be  introduced  in  this  article. 
Statistical  Analysis 
In  the  last  two  articles,  the  writer  has 
attempted  to  familiarize  the  reader  with 
information  concerning  the  early  migra- 
tion and  settlement  of  the  Chinese  in 
this  country.  The  statistical  analysis  of 
131  single  men  on  relief  in  December, 
1936,  presents  other  interesting  prob- 
lems and  gives  us  some  clues  as  to  means 
of  alleviating  the  plight  of  the  unattached 
person.  This  analysis  is  concerned  with 
employable  persons  carried  by  the  State 
Relief  administration  and  does  not  take 
into  account  the  unemployable  persons 
cared  for  by  the  County  relief.  They 
have  been  qualified  for  work  by  medical 
authorities  but  have  not  been  assigned  to 
the  work  program  operated  by  the  Fed- 
eral Works  Progress  administration. 

The  age  range  of  single  men  on  relief 
varies  between  20  and  78  years,  with  the 
average  falling  at  52.7  years.  In  the  case 
of  the  younger  men,  between  20  and  35 
years,  serious  health  problems  have  dis- 
qualified them  for  an  assignment  to  a 
W.P.A.  construction  project.  Since  their 
illness  is  not  chronic,  they  have  been 
returned  for  direct  relief  and  medical 
care.    While  only   15  men  are  between 


the  ages  of  20  and  35  years,  48  are  over 
60  years  of  age.  Most  of  the  older  men 
have  worked  on  W.P.A.  at  one  time  or 
another  but  are  at  present  receiving  di- 
rect relief  because  of  the  limitation  of 
the  Federal  works  program  to  provide 
sedentary  work. 

Unless  there  are  special  health  prob- 
lems to  consider,  the  relief  budget  does 
not  exceed  $20  per  month.  The  fact  that 
only  a  small  majority  of  young  persons 
are  receiving  relief  seems  to  indicate  that 
subsistence  work  is  available  in  the  com- 
munity. 

One  of  the  first  procedures,  after  a 
man  is  accepted  for  relief,  is  to  send  him 
to  the  Central  Medical  bureau  for  a 
physical  examination.  This  medical 
center  gives  four  classifications:  "A," 
qualified  for  labor  requiring  heavy  lift- 
ing; "B,"  qualified  for  ordinary  labor 
requiring  no  heavy  lifting;  "C,"  quali- 
fied for  sedentary  work;  and  "D,"  per- 
manently disqualified  for  work.  It  is  in- 
teresting to  note  that  in  the  case  of 
Chinese  men  over  55  years  of  age,  10.9 
per  cent  are  in  the  "A"  group,  36  per  cent 
in  the  "B"  group,  and  53.1  per  cent  in 
the  "C"  classification.  In  the  case  of  the 
"A"  group,  the  men  have  not  been  as- 
signed to  work  on  W.P.A.  because  of 
technicalities  barring  their  eligibility  for 
an  assignment. 

Citizenship  and  Residence 
Quite  often  the  accusation  is  made 
that  relief  money  is  expended  to  care  for 
people  who  are  not  the  responsibilities  of 
this  country,  state  or  county.  The  fact 
that  72  of  the  men  are  citizens  seems  to 
indicate  that  this  statement  is  challenge- 
able insofar  as  the  Chinese  are  concerned. 
Although  this  is  only  a  small  majority, 
it  is  significant  considering  the  fact  that 
Chinese,  regardless  of  the  length  of  resi- 
dence, are  ineligible  for  naturalization. 
Of  the  72  citizens,  51  were  born  in  this 
country,  while  the  others  are  sons  and 
grandsons   of  American-born    citizens. 

For  relief  purposes,  the  establishment 
of  three  years  state  residence  and  one 
year  county  residence  is  sufficient.  Since 
the  relief  load  of  the  Chinese  consists  in 
the  main  of  aged  persons,  particular  in- 
terest has  been  devoted  to  a  study  of 
their  residence  in  this  country.  The  aver- 
age single  man  has  resided  in  the  United 
States  for  37.77  years.  Only  six  of  the 
131  persons  have  been  here  for  less  than 
10  years.  In  each  of  the  six  cases,  citizen- 
ship was  attained  because  their  parents 
were  born  in  this  country.  Of  the  51  men 
who  claim  residence  of  40  or  more  years, 


40  of  them  have  been  here  for  more  than 
50  years. 

San  Francisco  has  been  the  home  of 
most  of  the  single  men  in  spite  of  the 
great  number  that  annually  trek  to  the 
Sacramento  valley  or  ship  to  Alaska  for 
seasonal  work.  In  many  instances,  single 
men  maintain  rooms  in  this  city  while 
they  are  laboring  in  the  country.  The 
average  single  man  has  resided  in  San 
Francisco  for  26.88  years,  with  only  38 
having  moved  here  during  the  past  10 
years.  In  only  11  instances  do  we  find 
a  single  person  living  in  San  Francisco 
for  less  than  three  years,  while  37  men 
claim  to  have  county  residence  of  more 
than  40  years. 

Families  in  Homeland 

It  has  been  explained  that  the  term 
"single  man"  applies  to  persons  who  are 
without  dependents  living  in  the  coun- 
try. Quite  naturally  these  men  have  fam- 
ilies living  in  China  and  have  visited  them 
as  frequently  as  finances  permit.  Only 
54  of  the  men  have  been  able  to  afford 
a  visit  to  the  homeland  since  their  arrival 
in  this  country.  Of  this  number,  six  had 
made  four  trips  or  more,  seven  had  made 
three  trips,  nine  had  made  two  trips, 
while  32  had  returned  to  China  but  once 
since  their  first  arrival. 

It  is  usually  the  practice  of  the  Chinese 
to  take  out  immigration  papers  permit- 
ting a  visit  in  China  of  less  than  one  year. 
A  stay  of  more  than  one  year  requires  a 
certain  amount  of  red  tape;  hence,  onl> 
five  have  stayed  in  China  for  two  years, 
one  in  China  for  three  years,  three  for 
four  years,  two  between  five  and  10 
years  and  eight  for  ten  or  more  years, 
while  35  had  stayed  the  regulation  one 
year.  In  each  case  where  the  stay  had 
been  for  a  period  of  more  than  one  year, 
the  trip  to  China  was  made  for  educa- 
tional purposes  by  citizens  of  this  country 
who  were  able  to  travel  about  freely  with- 
out danger  of  losing  their  legal  rights  to 
return.  The  few  who  stayed  for  a  period 
of  more  than  five  years  went  to  China 
during  their  adolescent  period. 

Immigration  laws  of  recent  years  pro- 
hibit the  entry  of  wives  of  American  citi- 
zens to  this  country.  Furthermore,  few 
Chinese  consider  bringing  their  families 
to  this  country  unless  they  have  found 
some  measure  of  security  in  the  economic 
world.  Hence,  76  of  the  131  persons 
have  families  living  in  China.  It  stands 
to  reason  that  since  only  54  men  had 
returned  to  China  to  visit  their  families. 
the  single  man's  family  in  the  homeland 
(Continued  on   page   19) 


September,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   15 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWNIAN 
ROAMS  AROUND 

(Continued  from  page  10) 
Ying   masquerade    dance    the    success    it 
was  last  year.    The  date  is  Oct.   16,  at 
the  Scottish  Rite  hall,  and  there  will  be 
customes  and  door  prizes.  .  .  . 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lee  Hong  of  Portland, 
with  their  nephew  and  their  daughters 
Isabella,  Dorothy,  and  Nancy,  enjoyed 
S.  F.'s  mild  summer  weather  for  two 
weeks.  They  like  Chinatown,  but  "Izzie," 
looking  ruefully  at  her  lizzie's  dented  fen- 
ders, complained  that  the  streets  are  too 
narrow.  To  bad,  Isabella.  .  .  .  Edgar 
Lee  of  Portland  was  another  visitor.  He 
came  down  for  the  Pacific  coast  Chinese 
tennis  tournament  and  took  time  out  to 
break  hearts  in  Fresno  (?),  Los  Angeles 
(1),  Berkeley  (2),  Oakland  (1),  and 
S.  F.  (18)!!  Local  friends  are  calling 
him  "Casanova"  Lee  now.  .  .  . 

Mrs.  Thos.  A.  Wong  (Mamie  Moe  of 
L.  A.)  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond 
Wong  of  Fresno  (nee  Ruth  Moe  of 
Portland  were  in  S.  F.  for  a  brief  visit. 
They  showed  sister  Dorothy  a  nice  time 
on  the  latter's  visit  to  California.  .  .  . 
Portland's  enthusiastic  golfer,  Louie  Lee, 
was  also  in  town  w'th  Mrs.  Lee  (Dorothy 
Poy) .  How  did  you  like  our  golf  course, 
Louis?  .  .  .  Fred  Lee  of  San  Jose  and 
Salinas  returned  to  Montana  to  see  his 
old  home  town.  .  .  .  Also  in  town  were 
the  Honorable  Wu  and  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Jack  Young  (Florence  Haw  of  Holly- 
wood), to  see  their  sister,  Mrs.  Annie 
Wong.  Ruth  Sing  Chinn  of  Auburn  will 
leave  that  little  town  for  L.  A.  Some 
one  will  pine  for  you,  Ruth!   .  .  . 

The  latest  report  from  Portland  is  that 
Jessie  Lee  is  "sweet  sixteen  and  has  never 
been  kissed."  Don't  rush,  fellows;  this 
is  not  an  invitation. 

Henry  Fong  and  Ella  Dong  of  Sacto 
gave  an  engagement  party  recently.  The 
merger,  according  to  plans,  will  be  next 
year.  .  .  .  ATTENTION:  Bud  Low  of 
Monterey.  Please  send  me  your  ad- 
dress. .  .  . 

Chitena's  Tennis  Award  dance  was 
the  first  dance  of  the  current  season. 
Trophies  were  presented  to  the  winners 
of  the  Coast  championship  by  the  Prexy 
of  the  club  and  Dr.  Theo.  C.  Lee,  grand 
sec'y  of  the  C.  A.  C.  A.,  co-sponsor  of 
the  tournament.  .  .  .  The  Sacto  Chinese 
club's  tennis  team  of  Geo.  Chan,  Jim  Gee, 
Henry  Fong,  Al  Ow,  Dave  Hing,  and 
Rose  Mae  Fong  unsuccessfully  invaded 
Frisco  for  a  team  match,  in  spite  of 
scores  of  fair  supporters  from  the  inland 
city   who   came   to   root   for   them.  .  .  . 


CHINESE  CHRISTIAN  YOUNG  PEOPLE'S  CONFERENCE  AT  LAKE  TAHOE 

The  fifth  annual  Conference  of  Christian  Young  People  was  held  from  August 
8  to  15  at  Lake  Tahoe  this  year,  and  was  attended  by  approximately  100  people.  The 
Conference  topics  included  Building  a  Christian  Social  Order,  The  Meaning  of  Life, 
Contemporary  China,  and  the  Spirit  of  Chinese  Civilization.  The  top  picure  shows 
members  of  the  faculty,  snapped  during  their  rest  period.  Standing  are,  left  to  right, 
Prof.  James  Muilenburg,  professor  of  Old  Testament  literature  at  the  Pacific  School 
of  Religion;  Mrs.  Shao-Chang  Lee;  Mr.  Lawton  Harris,  executive  secretary  of  the  East 
Bay  Church  federation,  and  Mrs.  Harris.  Seated  from  left  to  right,  Mr.  T.  Y.  Tang, 
Conference  dean,  executive  secretary  of  the  S.  F.  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  Dr.  George 
Colliver,  professor  of  philosophy,  College  of  the  Pacific;  Prof.  Shao-Chang  Lee,  pro- 
fessor of  Chinese  history,  University  of  Hawaii;  and  Dr.  Charles  R.  Shepherd,  superin- 
tendent of  the  Chung  Mei  home  for  boys  at  El  Cerrito. 

The  lower  picture  shows  a  third  of  the  young  people  who  attended  the  Conference. 
They  came  from  all  parts  of  California,  one  from  St.  Louis,  and  one  from  Tucson,  Arizona. 


Page   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


Conrad  Wort's  heroic  action  saved  Billy 
Won  and  Charley  Foo  of  Marysville 
from  drowning  in  the  Yuba  river  re- 
cently when  they  went  there  for  a  swim 
and  were  caught  in  the  swift  current. 
.  .  .  Ellen  Chin  came  out  third  place  in 
a  hot  contest  for  queen  of  the  Monterey 
county  fair  held  recently  at  Del  Monte. 
She  won  a  Philco  console.  .  .  .  Connie 
Wu  gave  a  hanky  shower  for  Ruth  Chin 
of  Monterey,  who  left  there  to  work  in 
S.  F.'s  Chinese  village.  With  one  excep- 
tion all  those  present  were  girls  and 
matrons.  Who  was  the  privileged  young 
man,  Ruth? 

Billy  Leong's  interpretation  of  popular 
songs  on  the  piano  is  really  clever.  And 
he  can  compose,  too.  His  latest  efforts 
are  three  new  numbers  that  are  clicking. 
.  .  .  That  manly  looking  life-guard  at 
Lake  Olympia,  near  Grass  Valley,  is 
Pershing  Lee.  Wonder  if  he's  the  rea- 
son why  so  many  girls  flocked  to  the  Lake 
for  picnics? 

Virginia  Wah,  new  CD  correspondent 
in  Marysville,  entered  J.  C.  after  a  nice 
vacation  in  the  mountains. 

Majoring  in  music  at  the  U.  of  Wash- 
ington are  Eunice  and  Regina  Lee,  from 
Singapore.  These  attractive  girls  are 
twins  and  you  have  to  be  a  real  good 
friend  before  you  can  tell  them  apart! 
The  Seattle  Chinese  club  gave  a  dance 
to  the  visiting  tennis  players  from  S.  F. 
at  the  Chinese  Tea  garden,  with  Al  Lew, 
George  Louie,  and  Vincent  Goon  in 
charge.  .  .  .  'Tis  said  a  certain  S.  F.  boy 
thinks  a  lot  of  Helen  Hong,  who  works 
as  assistant  buyer  in  a  large  downtown 
Seattle  department  store.  .  .  .  Her  sis- 
ter Mary  is  now  with  the  immigration 
service  at  L.  A.  .  .  . 

Recent  visitors  to  Seattle  were  Gim 
Locke  of  Olympia,  Wash.,  Margaret  and 
Dorothy  Yarne  of  Aurora,  Ore.,  and 
Mrs.  Amy  Chinn  Koe  of  Astoria.  .  .  . 
Lawrence  Lew  Kay  returned  to  Seattle 
after  several  years'  study  at  Lingnan  U. 
in  Canton  .  .  .  while  Albert  Lew  vaca- 
tioned at  the  same  place.  .  .  .  Jessie 
Fung  of  Cal  was  another  visitor  to  Van- 
couver, Seattle,  and  Portland.  .  .  . 

S.  F.  contractor  Frank  Yick's  14-year- 
old  boy,  Leroy,  was  finalist  in  the  Chron- 
icle Soap  Box  derby  held  recently.  He 
finished  third.  .  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cyrus 
Chan  (Lilly  Yee)  of  L.  A.  hit  S.  F.'s 
high  spots  on  a  recent  visit  .  .  .  while 
friends  of  Rose  Lee,  of  L.  A.  and  Mabel 
Mew  of  Bakersfield  were  also  showing 
them  the  sights.  .  .  . 

Bam  T.  Lee,  assisted  by  Jimmie  Chin, 
is  managing  the  new  Cathay  temple,  way 
out     at     Hunter's     point.  .  .  .  Minnie 


Quock,  Hattie  and  Nellie  Lee  greet  the 
patrons  there.  .  .  .  Anna  Chang,  who 
has  gone  a  long  way  since  her  school 
days  in  S.  F.,  is  singing  at  the  Jade 
palace,  her  voice  better  than  ever.  .  .  . 
The  Chinese  pagoda,  managed  by  Ben 
Suen,  has  Mary  Chin  from  Boston  and 
Jane  Wong  from  N.  Y.  on  deck,  while 
Larry  Chan  croons.  ...  At  the  Twin 
dragon  Gladys  Yuke  contraltoed  over  the 
mike  and  is  a  hit.  .  .  . 

Geo.  D.  Jung  of  Oakland  got  a  swell 
sunburn  on  his  recent  trip  to  San  Diego. 
Report  has  it  that  a  certain  gal  there 
thought  the  world  of  him!  .  .  .  Harry 
Loo  captains  the  San  Diego  volleyball 
team  which  plays  every  Sunday  morning. 
How  about  a  game  with  the  S.  F.  Chinese 
Y  boys?  .  .  .  Further  S.  D.  item:  cupid 
worked  overtime  at  the  surprise  banquet 
given  by  the  CYA  girls  for  the  boys  at 
Mission  beach.  Forty  attended  and  all 
agreed  that  the  murmuring  of  the  sea 
was  a  suitable  background  for  romantic 
fancies.  .  .  . 

Mrs.  Edward  Chow  is  none  other  than 
Annabelle  Wong,  former  CD  N'Yawk 
correspondent.  The  wedding  took  place 
in  July  but  was  kept  a  dark  secret  till 
recently.  They  are  still  entertaining 
friends  who  come  bearing  good  wishes. 
.  .  .  Daniel  Low  of  N.  Y.  is  vacation- 
ing at  L.  A.,  his  old  home  town.  He  is 
seen  regularly  in  the  L.  A.  tennis  courts. 
.  .  .  Geo.  Leung,  New  Yorker  who  went 
back  to  Lingnan  U.  to  study  two  years 
ago,  surprised  his  N.  Y.  friends  with 
news  of  his  engagement  to  Lois  Tang. 
When  the  full  moon  shines  across  the 
Hudson  river,  girls  still  think  of  him.  He 
is  that  much  of  a  heart  breaker!  .  .  . 
The  Jeune  Doc  girls  of  N.  Y.  are  plan- 
ning their  annual  Moon  festival  to  be 
held  Sept.  17.  .  .  .  Jesse  Roddy,  well- 
liked  charge  D'affairs  of  N.  Y.  Chinese 
community  activities,  left  for  her  home 
in  Texas  recently. 

Court  Our  Lady  of  China,  Chinese 
branch  of  the  Catholic  Daughters  of 
America,  celebrated  their  third  anniver- 
sary recently  with  a  Chinese  dinner,  in- 
viting many  American  friends. 

A  benefit  dance  was  given  by  the 
Fresno  Lok  Kwan  club  recently,  and  the 
proceeds  went  for  local  relief  of  their  in- 
digent countrymen.  Mrs.  Emilie  Chin  is 
prexy  of  this  all-girls'  club. 

Happy  parents  are  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Quong  Lee  (nee  Ella  Dong)  of  Watson- 
ville.  The  stork  brought  them  a  six- 
pound  seven  and  one-half  ounce  baby  girl. 
She  was  christened  Virginia  Dawn.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Milton  Chin  of  Seattle, 
the  stork  brought  a  boy,  Kenneth  Wayne 


.  .  .  while  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Chinn 
of  the  same  city  came  a  girl,  Karen  Gaye. 
.  .  .  Congrats,  you  happy  fathers  and 
mothers!  !  .  .  . 

Jack  and  Sam  Chinn  of  Castroville 
gave  a  nice  picnic  at  Palm  beach,  near 
Watsonville,  in  honor  of  the  twin  sisters, 
Fannie  and  Annie  Foey  of  Red  Bluff. 
.  .  .  Mrs.  Lily  Foon  Wing  was  kept  too, 
too  busy  preparing  refreshments  for  the 
big  crowd.  .  .  . 

Now,  to  end  up  with  some  Hollywood 
news  from  our  correspondent  there:  Au- 
thentic details  of  the  old  Hong  Kong 
bank  located  on  the  corner  of  Mont- 
gomery and  California  streets  in  S.  F. 
are  being  sought  in  Hong  Kong  for 
Paramount's  filming  of  "Wells  Fargo." 
.  .  .  Richard  Loo  has  been  cast  to  play 
an  outstanding  part  in  C.  B.  Mille's  pro- 
duction, "Buccaneer."  .  .  .  Thousands 
of  Chinese  extras  have  been  cast  in  the 
filming  of  "Marco  Polo."  .  .  .  Chinese 
screen  players  in  the  "Marco  Polo"  pic- 
ture have  organized  to  send  donations  for 
the  war  refugees  in  China.  .  .  .  First 
generous  contributors,  besides  the  Chi- 
nese, included  Filipinos,  Hawaiians,  Hin- 
dus, and  Koreans.  .  .  . 

So  long,  folks,  see  you  next  month! 

CHINESE  GOLFERS 
END  TOURNAMENT 

With  nearly  50  men  and  women  golf- 
ers participating,  the  first  summer  tour- 
nament of  the  Chinese  Golfers  associa- 
tion of  America  was  held  on  August  15 
at  the  Ingleside  golf  links.  It  was  based 
upon  27  holes  of  play,  with  awards  given 
for  low  gross  and  low  net  scores. 

Low  gross  honors  went  to  B.  K.  Chan, 
who  scored  79  strokes  for  the  first  18 
holes  and  then  added  39  more  strokes  for 
the  concluding  nine  holes  to  amass  a 
total  score  of  118.  Second  place  went  to 
C.  C.  Wibg  and  third  to  Thomas  Quan. 

Low  net  honors  were  taken  by  the 
Yuke  brothers  of  Sacramento,  Ben  and 
Andrew.  Playing  what  was  considered 
their  best  games  to  date,  Ben  and  An- 
drew made  net  scores  of  102  and  105 
to  take  the  first  and  second  awards. 
Glenn  Lym  trailed  third  place. 

In  the  women's  division  Mrs.  Myron 
Chan  emerged  victorious  with  a  low  net 
score  of  88.  Mrs.  Daniel  Yuke  came 
in  second  with  93,  while  Mrs.  Theodore 
Lee,  playing  her  first  game,  scored  135. 

A  fall  tournament  will  be  held  on  No- 
vember 15,  according  to  C.  C.  Wing, 
president  of  the  club,  and  all  Chinese 
golfers  are  invited  to  participate.  The 
C.  G.  A.  A.  maintains  headquarters  at 
485  California  street,  San  Francisco. 


September,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   17 


THE    JADE    BOX 


P'ing  Yu 


(What  is  the  average  mainlander's 
first  impressions  of  Hawaii?  Is  it  as 
romantic  and  beautiful  as  writers  like 
Jack  London,  R.  L.  Stevenson,  Armine 
Von  Tempski,  and  travel  agencies  have 
made  it  out  to  be?  Miss  Alice  P.  Fong 
recently  visited  the  islands  for  the  first 
time  in  her  life  and  spent  six  weeks  there. 
In  the  following  article  she  records  some 
of  her  impressions — Editor.) 

LOVE  UNDER  THE 
HAWAIIAN  SKY 

By  Alice  P.  Fong 

Under  the  spell  of  a  glorious  Hawai- 
ian moon,  in  a  setting  of  gently  waving 
palms  and  soft  breezes  scented  with  rarest 
perfume,  one  finds  it  easy  in  Honolulu 
to  succumb  to  a  certain  indescribable 
feeling  which  may  be  termed  tropical  en- 
chantment, love,  or  just  plain  zest  for 
living.  Coupled  with  the  majestic  blue 
of  the  Hawaiian  sky  one  is  overwhelmed 
with  the  great  spirit  of  Eternal  Good- 
ness and  the  abundant  aboveness  and 
worthiness  of  everything.  All  things  base 
and  mean  which  are  within  or  about  him 
become  at  once  petty  and  insignificant. 
Heaven's  own  multitudinous  eyes  twin- 
kle merrily  above  him  and  the  lazy  cloud- 
lets move  to  and  fro,  lulling  him  to  har- 
monious thoughts  of  peace  and  tolerance. 

Love  under  the  Hawaiian  sky  is  en- 
chanting and  all  compelling.  It  gave  to 
Hawaii  her  far-famed  titles  of  Roman- 
tic Isles,  Paradise  of  the  Pacific,  and 
Honeymoon  Heaven — «ver  alluring  to 
lovers  and  honeymooners  throughout  the 
world.  For  the  seekers  after  romance, 
too,  love  seems  to  bloom  quickly  in  the 
Hawaiian  Garden  of  Eden. 

Love,  moreover,  is  the  underlying 
theme    of    Hawaii's    superb    symphony 


dedicated  to  inter-racial  amity  and  unity. 
It  is  all-inclusive.  It  embraces  many 
families  and  races.  A  spirit  of  neighbor- 
liness  binds  Caucasians,  Orientals,  and 
Polynesians  into  one  brotherhood,  with 
"malice  for  none  and  charity  for  all." 
"Love  Thy  Neighbor  as  Thyself"  has 
remained  true  to  the  Great  Teacher's 
command  in  Hawaii  and  has  not  degen- 
erated to  mean  "Choose  Thy  Neighbor 
as  Thyself." 

Japanese  and  Chinese  may  face  each 
other  with  fixed  bayonets  in  the  Chinese 
battle  front,  but  they  are  good  and  peace- 
ful neighbors  in  the  heart  of  the  Pacific. 
Haoles  (whites)  and  Orientals  live,  work, 
and  play  together  in  mutual  goodwill  and 
cooperation.  Far  from  exemplifying  the 
cry,  "familiarity  breeds  contempt,"  there 
is  a  free  and  healthly  cultural  exchange 
among  the  diverse  races  in  Hawaii,  bring- 
ing about  a  greater  understanding  and 
respect   for  their  neighbors. 

Truly  love  harmonizes  and  brings 
hearts  together — not  only  between  men 
and  women,  but  between  families,  races, 
and  nations.  "Above  All  Nations  Is 
Humanity,"  the  grand  motto  over  the 
gates  of  the  University  of  Hawaii,  daily 
reminds  the  representatives  of  many  races 
who  pass  under  the  portals  to  join  hands 
to  bring  to  reality  the  spirit  of  human 
unity.  These  words  impress  the  hearts 
and  draw  the  sympathy  of  all  students 
and  friends  of  the  Alma  Mater — de- 
scendants of  many  races  but  all  making 
and  enjoying  one  common  American 
culture. 

Love  in  Hawaii  is  directed  to  the  ac- 
complishment of  this  noble  end,  and  is 
championing  and  realizing  it  to  a  degree 
that  is  satisfactory,  effective,  and  admir- 


able. In  order  to  bring  about  a  more 
complete  fulfillment  of  peace,  equality, 
and  fraternity  among  the  nations  of  the 
Pacific  basin,  may  the  spirit  of  this  Ha- 
waiian love  remain  constant  and  the  pro- 
gress toward  human  unity  continue  un- 
impeded. 


Mif  fyauosuie  Recipe 

BOR  LOR 
PAI  KWAK 

(Pineapple  Spareribs) 

Sweet,  sour  and  spicy  spareribs.  That 
should  properly  describe  our  superb 
Chinese  dish,  bor  lor  pai  kwak-  Pine- 
apple with  all  the  tang  of  sweetness  de- 
rived from  Oriental  sunshine,  can-pre- 
served, and  brought  over  from  the  life- 
teeming  shores  of  south  China  to  our 
own  San  Francisco. 

Ladies,  shall  we  proceed? 

Cut  pineapple  into  inch  squares  and 
sprinkle  with  sugar.    Let  stand. 

Have  your  butcher  chop  the  spare- 
ribs into  one  inch  widths.  Clean  and 
cut  into  small  pieces,  season  with  salt, 
soy  sauce,  and  a  dash  of  sugar.  Brown 
in  peanut  oil,  using  frying  pan. 

Add  pineapple,  cooking  over  low  fire 
to  allow  it  to  absorb  juice  from  spare- 
ribs. Put  in  x/i  cup  of  water.  Add  tea- 
spoonful  of  "dow  fun"  (bean  flour)  dis- 
solved in  a  little  cold  water.  Cover  and 
allow  to  simmer  for  5  to  10  minutes. 
Put  in  slices  of  green  pepper.  Add 
onions,  sliced  and  browned  if  desired. 
Remove  from  pan. 

Sprinkle  with  browned  sesame  seeds, 
and  top  with  Chinese  sliced  onions  and 
green  parsely. 


SPORTS 


(Continued  from  page  18) 

ERLINE  LOWE 

Some  girls  can  play  basketball,  some 
excel  on  the  cinder  tracks,  and  a  few 
imagine  themselves  tennis  players.  One 
or  two  are  able  to  participate  in  more 
than  one  sport  with  some  degree  of  suc- 
cess. But  Chinatown  is  still  floundering 
around  to  find  someone  to  fill  the  shoes 
of  Erline  Lowe.  Not  that  the  feet  of 
Miss  Lowe  are  oversized,  far  from  it. 
Owing  to  a  torn  tendon  Erline  is  forced 
from  active  sport  in  which  she  is  inter- 
ested. It  is  hard  to  find  another  girl  ath- 
elete  who  can  star  as  a  casaba  tosser, 
gather  in  enough  points  on  the  track  for 


high  point  honors,  and  play  tennis  like 
.nobody's  business.  She  set  a  new  record 
n  the  baseball  throw  in  the  Chitena 
Shangtai  Olympic,  is  No.  1  Chinese  wo- 
man tennis  player  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
the  only  freshman  to  make  the  U.  C. 
varsity  tennis  team,  star  of  the  Cal  and 
Mei  Wah  sextet.  Miss  Lowe  has  very 
little  to  show,  except  she  does  wear  a 
dress  very  well.  We  almost  got  her  to 
a  dance  once  but  a  relative  came  in  to 
the  rescue  like  the  U.  S.  marines  of  old. 
Right  now,  while  waiting  for  her  ankle 
to  regain  its  former  suppleness  and 
strength,  Miss  Lowe  is  teaching  the  St. 
Mary's  girls  the  where  and  whyfor  of 
good  tennis  and  basketball.  Oh  yes,  at 
times  for  amusement  she'd  spar  with  her 
brother  Bill  and  give  him  a  lesson  in  the 


manly   art  of  self  defense.    Defense  is 
right! 


WILL  KING'S 


rK0FFEE 
KUP 

l8'-h  AVE,  e  6EARY 
WHERE  FOOO 
IS  SO  GOOD  /T 
MAKCi  HUNOIR 
A    PLEASURE' 

Banouefs 


GRILL 

TAYLOR  STREET 

-NR.   MARKET 

MEETING  PLACE 
OF  HAPPY 
APPETITES ' 

„  Pfame. 
PRospect  6982 


Open  24  hours  a  day/ 


Poge   18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,  1937 


SPORTS 


PETER  GEE  WINS  P.  C. 
TENNIS  TITLE 

Sunday  afternoon,  August  15,  found 
one  Peter  Gee  trying  with  might  and 
main  to  convince  another,  Tahmie  Chinn, 
that  he,  Peter,  should  be  the  one  to  take 
the  trophy  and  title  of  the  Pacific  Coast 
Chinese  Tennis  championship  home  to 
Berkeley.  Being  an  asperating  sort  of  a 
fellow,  Tahmie  refused  to  be  pushed 
a-ound  as  unbefitting  a  defender  of  the 
crown,  Mr.  Chinn  having  carted  home 
the  cherished  prize  last  year.  The  re- 
rult  was  that  Peter  had  to  spend  a  three- 
hour  session  and  a  long  five  set  match, 
during  which  time  Peter  himself  was  of- 
ten in  doubt  as  whether  he  was  the  con- 
vincer  or  the  convincee.  Finally  with  the 
crockery  and  title  safely  tucked  away, 
Mr.  Gee  proceeded  to  try  and  break  his 
neck  by  tripping  as  he  hurdled  the  net 
to  congratulate  Tahmie. 

Early  in  the  morning  Willie  Gee,  gen- 
erous to  a  fault,  or  to  be  exact  a  double 
fault,  handed  to  Ben  Chu  and  Waite 
Ng  one  mixed  doubles  champion  all 
wrapped  up,  delivered  and  free  of  charge. 
With  the  match  in  his  and  his  partner's 
(Jennie  Chew's)  hands,  Gee  apparently 
decided  that  he  couldn't  very  well  wear  a 
cup  as  a  watch  charm  so  he  gave  away 
the  match  like  the  W.P.A.  hands  out 
Uncle  Sam's  dough,  only  with  more 
speed. 

Every  once  in  a  while  Lucille  Jung 
crept  out  of  her  defensive  shell  to  help 
Hattie  Hall  make  enough  errors  which, 
when  added  up,  gave  Miss  Jung  the 
statue  and  women's  championship.  The 
idea  that  if  one  puts  the  ball  in  play 
long  enough,  the  other  fellow  is  going 
to  make  a  mistake  sooner  or  later  seems 
to  present  many  champions  with  their 
laurels  and  Miss  Jung  certainly  is  well 
drilled  in  that  idea. 

Ben  Chu  and  Faye  Lowe  decided  that 
their  names  on  the  perpetual  trophy 
would  not  be  so  bad,  whereupon  they 
were  the  only  champions  to  repeat  when 
they  pounded  out  a  straight  set  victory 
over  Peter  and  Willie  Gee. 


FIRST  CHITENA 
DEFEAT 

The  S.  F.  Ferry  Post  Office  team  reg- 
istered the  first  defeat  against  Chitena 
this  year  when  the  mailmen  downed  the 
Chinese  second  team  to  the  tune  of  seven 
matches  to  three.  A  return  match  was 
scheduled  for  August  29,  at  the  Rich- 
mond courts,  where  the  Chitena  will  pit 
its  first  team  against  the  Postal  squad. 


CHINESE  TENNIS  CHAMPS  OF  THE  PACIFIC  COAST 
Top  left.  Wait  Ng  and  Ben  Chu,  mixed  doubles  chompions.  Top  right,  Peter  Gee, 
men's  singles  champion,  with  runner-up  Tahmie  Chinn,  last  year's  champion.  Center 
left,  Lucille  Jung,  women's  singles  champion,  with  runner-up  Hattie  Hall.  Center  right, 
Ben  Chu  and  Faye  Lowe,  who  successfully  defended  their  men's  doubles  championship, 
with  runners-up  Willie  and  Peter  Gee.     (Story  in  adjoining   column.) 

The  lower  picture  shows  the  Chitena  and  Seattle  tennis  teoms,  taken  at  Seattle. 
Front  row,  left  to  right,  H.  K.  Wong  (S.F.);  Fay  Chong  I  Seattle);  Fred  K.  Wong  (S.F.I; 
Walt  Wong   (S.F.);  Conrad  Fong    (S.F.I;  and  Art  Yim   (S.F.I. 

Back  row,  left  to  right,  Hing  Chin  (Seattle!  Eugene  Wong  (Seattle);  Ben  Chu 
(S.F.);  Vincent  Goon  (Seattle);  Frank  Mar  I  Seattle);  and  George  Louie  (Seattle*. 
The  visiting   Chitnans  defeated   Seattle   8   to  0. 


September,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   19 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


SINO-JAPANESE  CRISIS  AND 
AMERICAN   NEUTRALITY  ACT 

(Continued  from  page  4) 
application  of  the  Neutrality  act  would 
be  justified  only  if  by  so  doing  the 
United  States  could  remain,  actively  and 
passively,  impartial  to  both  combatants. 
As  Japan  can  manufacture  her  own 
munitions  and  China  has  to  buy  else- 
where, the  American  neutrality  would 
indirectly  but  none  the  less  effectively  aid 
Japan  in  her  military  campaign  in  China. 
An  American  embargo  on  munitions 
would  not  injure  Japan  at  all,  but  it 
would  inflict  a  deadly  blow  on  China. 
Besides,  what  the  Japanese  seek  are  raw 
materials  which  she  can  still  procure  from 
the  United  States,  even  though  an  em- 
bargo were  declared.  The  new  Neutral- 
ity act  provides  that  trading  with  bellig- 
erent nations  must  be  done  on  a  "cash 
and  carry"  basis.  Japan  is  the  nation 
which  possesses  a  merchant  marine  ade- 
quate to  take  advantage  of  such  a  pro- 
vision. 

It  has  been  mentioned  that  if  war  is 
actually  declared,  China  could  not  buy 
anything  from  the  United  States,  aside 
from  the  Neutrality  act,  for  the  Jap- 
anese would  probably  blockade  the  en- 
tire Chinese  coast.  This  argument  is 
only  partly  true.  If  China  can  buy  mu- 
nitions she  may  see  fit  to  run  the  block- 
ade. But  if  her  supplies  of  munitions 
should  be  curtailed  she  would  be  deprived 
of  the  chance  of  running  a  blockade, 
even  at  her  own  risk. 

In  short,  if  the  United  States  should 
invoke  the  Neutrality  act  now,  it  would 
spell  ruin  for  China.  It  would  favor 
Japan,  an  agressor  and  violator  of  inter- 
national treaties,  and  it  would  irreparably 
injure  China,  an  innocent  victim  of  Jap- 
anese aggression. 

SINO-JAPANESE  CONFLICT 
IN  NORTH  CHINA 
AND  SHANGHAI 

(Continued  from  page  7) 
visions,  estimated  at  about  150,000  men, 
were    fighting    the    North    China   battle. 
Heavy  rains  impeded  the  Japanese  troop 
movements. 

On  August  25,  simultaneously  with  the 
arrival  of  50,000  new  Japanese  troops  in 
Shanghai,  Japan  officially  announced  a 
blockade  of  more  than  700  miles  of  the 
China  seacoast  against  Chinese  shipping. 
The  same  day  nine  Japanese  airplanes 
staged  the  fifth  raid  on  China's  capital, 
terrorizing  the  population  for  fully  30 
minutes  before  they  were  repulsed  by- 
Chinese  planes  and  anti-aircraft  batteries. 


The  same  day  the  Chinese  central  gov- 
ernment declared  martial  law  for  all  sec- 
tions of  the  country,  and  death  penalties 
were  ordered  for  crimes  such  as  surren- 
dering garrison  points  without  orders,  re- 
treating from  fighting  fronts,  treachery, 
rebellion,  insubordination,  sabotage,  ru- 
mor mongering,  and  harrassing  the 
people. 

Such  was  the  situation  as  the  third 
week  of  the  Shanghai  hostilities  began, 
and  the  seventh  week  of  the  North  China 
conflict  dragged  on. 

o 

CHINESE 
SINGLE  MEN 

(Continued  from  page  14) 
is  restricted  in  number.  Unlike  the  Chi- 
nese families  in  America,  where  the  aver- 
age number  in  the  family  is  six  persons, 
only  13  single  men  have  four  or  more 
children,  13  have  three  children,  21  have 
two  children,  and  30  have  but  one  child. 
In  the  past,  when  these  men  were  gain- 
fully employed,  they  sent  money  to  the 
homeland  to  maintain  their  families. 
During  these  trying  economic  periods, 
their  families  are  being  cared  for  by  rela- 
tives living  in  the  village. 

(The  concluding  article  will  be  devoted 
to  the  occupational  life  of  the  single 
man.) 


HEALTH 
HINTS 

(Continued  from  page  11) 
a  condition  which  is  very  prevalent 
among  children  in  China.  It  also  pre- 
vents shriveled,  scaly  skin.  Lowered  re- 
sistance to  infection  results  from  vitamin 
A  deficiency. 

Upon  gleaning  this  informative  and 
interesting  data  from  the  doctor  we  es- 
sayed one  final  question  regarding  her 
contemplated  trip  to  China.  Not  content 
with  having  pioneered  medical  service  in 
Chinatown  for  the  past  decade  and  a  half 
Dr.   Chung  plans   to  volunteer  her  vast 


knowledge  of  medicine  and  surgery  to 
the  Chinese  government  in  the  present 
Sino- j  apanese  conflict.  A  salute  to  you, 
Dr.   Chung! 


EDITORIAL  NOTES 

(Continued  from  page  3) 
the  leading  Powers  give  to  the  Kellogg 
pact  as  an  instrument  for  the  maintenance 
of  peace?  What  will  the  League  of  Na- 
tions do  in  preventing  its  Covenent  from 
suffering  another  blow  which  may  prove 
to  be  more  fatal  than  either  the  Man- 
churian  affair  or  the  Ethiopian  war?  In 
other  words,  what  do  the  Powers  propose 
to  do  in  preventing  the  logic  of  events 
in  the  Far  East  from  reaching  its  inevit- 
able conclusion,  which  would  be  war? 
The  future  of  not  only  the  Far  Eastern 
countries  but  that  of  the  whole  world 
depends  upon  the  answers  to  these  ques- 
tions. 


LOCAL  PHYSICIAN  VOLUN- 
TEERS SERVICE  TO  CHINA 

San  Francisco — Dr.  Margaret  Chung 
of  this  city,  nationally  known  surgeon, 
has  offered  her  services  to  her  country- 
men who  are  fighting  to  preserve  the 
territorial  integrity  of  China  in  the  pres- 
ent Sino-Japanese  undeclared  war. 

She  recently  communicated  her  inten- 
tion to  the  Chinese  central  government. 
However,  Consul-General  C.  C.  Huang 
has  advised  her  that  she  could  render  a 
greater  service  to  her  mother  country  by 
staying  in  America  and  raising  funds 
with  which  to  provide  medical  and  hos- 
pital supplies  to  the  thousands  of  woun- 
ded soldiers  and  war  refugees  in  North 
China  and  Shanghai. 

Dr.  Chung  has  accepted  this  advice  and 
has  opened  headquarters  at  her  own  office 
at  752  Sacramento  street  for  this  purpose. 
All  checks  may  be  made  payable  to  her. 
Friends  are  planning  several  benefits  to 
aid  her  in  raising  funds. 


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Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,   1937 


There  are  no  bargains  in  babies  .  .  . 

That's  why  the  only  milk  worth  considering  for 
your  children  is  the  Best  you  can  buy. 

Borden's  Dairy  Delivery  Milk  is  the  choice  of 
most  people. 

T3cn&ft%  J 

DAIRY  DELIVERY  COMPANY 


Valencia  6000 


San   Francisco 


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n=r 


COWMEM7  -  -    SOCIAL   -   -  SPOttTS 


Vol.  3,  No.  10 


October,    1937 


Ten  Cents 


A  VENDOR  READS  OF  WAR  ON  THE  FAR  EASTERN  FRONT 
The  slanting  rays  of  the  afternoon  sun  caught  this  street  vendor  in  Chinatown  absorbed 
in  reading.  He  is  reading  the  Chinese  newspaper  headlines  to  keep  informed  on  the  latest 
events  in  the  Sino-Japanese  "undeclared  war"  in  China.  He  learns  that  the  Japanese  air 
raiders  have  just  bombed  several  places  in  his  native  Kwangtung  province,  starting  with  the 
city  of  Canton.  Although  no  flicker  of  an  emotion  shows  on  his  face,  yet  he  is  deeply  stirred 
by  this  news.  His  native  hearth  is  in  the  Hsiang-shan  district — also  the  birthplace  of  Sun 
Yat-sen,  founder  of  the  Chinese  Republic — and,  although  ten  thousand  miles  away,  he  thinks 
often  and  long  of  his  rural  home.  Would  the  hated  enemy  dare  desecrate  such  a  famous 
spot?  The  peanut  and  tonic  medicine  vendor — for  such  he  is — ponders  on  this  as  he  reads. 
(Picture  taken  by  Chinese  Digest  cameraman  Wallace  H.  Fong.) 


- 


] 


Poge  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,   1937 


EDITORIAL 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  deroted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


THE  UNDECLARED  WAR  IN  CHINA 

As  this  is  written  press  dispatches  detailing  China's 
progress  in  the  present  Sino-Japanese  conflict  are  not 
very  cheerful.  Of  course,  those  whose  attention  have 
been  focused  on  the  headline  stories  of  repeated  Chinese 
victories  in  their  defense  of  Shanghai  are  being  assured 
that  China  is  effectively  resisting  the  Japanese  invading 
hordes.  However,  those  who  are  well-informed  know 
that  the  real  war  between  China  and  Japan  is  being 
fought  in  North  China,  and  from  that  area  the  latest 
news  has  not  been  at  all  reassuring.  From  all  reliable 
reports  Japan's  forces  have  seized  most  of  the  strategic 
centers  and  points  of  communication  and  have  therefore 
gained  a  strangle  hold  on  four  northern  provinces — 
Hopei,  Chahar,  Suiyuan,  Shansi — and  are  striking  to- 
ward Shantung. 

But  bad  though  this  news  is,  it  should  not  cause  any 
dampening  of  our  high  morale.  What  has  transpired 
so  far  in  China's  courageous  and  desperate  struggle  to 
preserve  her  integrity  as  a  nation  was  more  or  less 
anticipated  by  Generalissimo  Chiang  Kai-Shek  when  he 
made  his  July  18  statement.  He  said  then:  "But  al- 
though a  weak  country,  if  unfortunately  we  should 
have  reached  that  last  limit,  then  there  is  only  one  thing 
to  do — -that  is  to  throw  the  last  ounce  of  energy  of  our 
nation  into  the  struggle  for  national  existence.  .  .  .  Let 
us  realize  .  .  .  that  once  war  has  begun  there  is  no  look- 
ing backward,  we  must  fight  to  the  bitter  end."  The 
nation's  leader  knew  that  China  was  not  yet  ready  to 
engage  in  a  major  war,  but  he  warned  the  nation  that 
should  China  find  it  absolutely  necessary  to  resist  ag- 
gression, the  people  must  prepare  for  endless  sacrifices 
and  a  long,  bitter  struggle.  And  even  Gen.  Chiang  dared 
not  make  any  guess  as  to  the  final  outcome  of  such  a 
struggle. 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 
San  Francisco,  California     CHina  2400) 

WILLIAM   HOY,    Editor 

Per  year,   SI. 00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For   reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CH I NGWAH  LEE   Associate   Editor 

LIM   P.   LEE    Sociological    Data 

DOROTHY  WING   Advertising  Manager 

HELEN  M.  FONG   Circulation  Manager 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

CORRESPONDENTS   and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersfield    Mamie    Lee 

Berkeley   Glenn  D.  Lym 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Alien    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace  H.  Goo 

Los  Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Marysville    Virginia    Wah 

New  York    Bing  Chan 

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Portland    Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

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FOUNDERS  and   PUBLISHERS 

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Three  months  have  passed  since  China  signified  that 
she  could  no  longer  tolerate  the  invasion  of  another  inch 
of  her  territory.  Japan  is  in  virtual  control  of  North 
China.  But  immediate  gain  is  not  victory.  It  is  China's 
plan  to  prolong  the  present  conflict,  hoping  to  exhaust 
Japan's  man-power  and  her  food  supplies.  Japan  will 
then,  perhaps,  be  forced  to  abandon  her  dream  of  con- 
quest, and  the  eventual  victory  will  be  China's. 

(Due  to  exigency  of  space  several  other  editorials  have 
been  necessarily  omitted  from  this  issue. — Editor.) 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorials 2,  3 

Far  East 4,  5,  6,  7 

Reviews  and  Comments 8 

Culture    9 

Chinatownia    10,  11,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18 

The  Jade  Box 12 

Health  Hints 13 

Continuation  Page 19 


October,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


EDITORIAL 


BOYCOTT  OF  JAPANESE 
GOODS  ADVOCATED 

Declaring  that  neither  the  League  of  Nations  or  the 
United  States  could  check  Japan's  war  of  aggression 
on  China  at  this  time,  The  Nation,  widely  read  liberal 
weekly,  in  an  editorial  recently  suggested  that  a  com- 
plete American  boycott  of  Japanese  goods  would  be  an 
extremely  effective  way  to  stop  Japan.  Pointing  out 
that  because  of  the  League's  failure  to  act  against  Japan 
in  1931,  against  Italy  in  1935  and  against  Germany  and 
Italy  in  the  Spanish  conflict,  has  left  the  international 
peace  mechanism  weaker  and  weaker  after  each  succes- 
sive crisis,  and  that  the  U.  S.  alone  cannot  make  any 
move  to  stop  the  present  Far  Eastern  crsis,  the  Nation's 
editorial  concluded  with  the  following  suggestion: 

"It  is  still  possible  for  the  millions  who  desire  peace 
to  bring  effective  pressure  against  Japanese  aggression. 
All  that  is  needed  is  for  a  substantial  number  of  persons 
in  this  country  and  abroad  to  declare  that  they  will  not 
support  Japan's  war  in  China  by  purchasing  Japanese 
goods.  This  boycott  should  be  supplemented  if  possible 
by  refusal  on  the  part  of  longshoremen  in  all  countries 
to  handle  cargoes  destined  for  or  received  from  Japan. 
Given  proper  leadership,  it  is  not  too  late  to  develop  a 
non-violent  technique  for  resisting  aggression.  Govern- 
ments have  failed;  it  is  time  for  the  people  to  take  matters 
into  their  own  hands." 

A  week  later  the  monthly  China  Today,  organ  of 
the  American  Friends  of  the  Chinese  People,  published 
in  New  York,  openly  advocated  a  boycott  of  Japanese 
goods.  "No  economic  aid  to  the  Japanese  war-makers!" 
it  editorialized.  "This  is  the  stand  of  thousands  of 
Americans  who  look  with  abhorrence  upon  the  ruthless- 
ness  of  the  undeclared  war  against  the  Chinese  people. 

"Japanese  industry  supplies  the  wherewithal  for  the 
planes,  bombs,  machines  of  slaughter.  If  we  refuse  to  be 
customers  of  the  Japanese  war-makers  we  can  deliver  a 
heavy  blow  to  their  plans." 

The  editorial  then  went  on  to  give  a  list  of  Japanese 
made  goods  which  should  be  boycotted  by  consumers' 


organizations,  trade  unions  and  League  of  Women 
Shoppers  everywhere.  The  list,  orginally  prepared  by 
the  American  League  Against  War  and  Fascism,  cata- 
logued the  following  Japanese  products: 

China,  porcelain,  earthenware,  and  stoneware — house- 
hold, kitchen,  and  table. 

Glassware — bowls,    vases,    novelty   articles,    cooking 
ware,  mirrors. 

Christmas  tree  ornaments  of  glass. 

Electric  light  bulbs. 

Metal     articles  —  book-ends,     bowls,     vases,     pencil 
sharpeners,  etc. 

Dolls  and  mechanical  toys. 

Matches — with  stained,  dyed  or  colored  stems. 

Smokers'  articles — ash  trays,  cigarette  boxes. 

Tooth  brushes. 

Tennis  rackets — for  children  and  beginners. 

Copying  paper. 

Paper  products — carnival  and  party  novelties,  note 
books,  napkins,  etc. 

Combs — of  cellulose  compound. 

Works  of  art — prints,  pictures,  antique  jewelry,  stat- 
uary, carvings,  etc. 

Tuna  fish,  crab  meat,  crab  sauce  and  paste — canned. 

Pineapples — preserved  or  prepared. 

Tea — especially  green  tea  and  some  black. 

Cotton  goods — such  as  shirtings  and  hose. 

Table  and  bureau  covers,  center  pieces,  scarfs,  nap- 
kins, and  doilies. 

Handkerchiefs  and  mufflers. 

Rugs — cotton  rag,  chenille,  imitation  oriental. 

Floor  coverings — grass  and  rice  straw. 

Silk — clothing,  kimonos,  shawls,  pajamas,  etc. 

Silk  cloth — grey  goods,  pongees,  Fuji  cloth,  tussah 
silk. 

(Raw  silk — a  major  import — is  used  only  by  manu- 
facturers.) 

Rubber-soled  footwear  with  fabric  uppers. 

Coney  and  rabbit  furs — used  in  women's  coats  and 
fur  hats. 


HOWELL,  DOUGLASS  &  CO. 

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Poge  4 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


October,  1937 


FAR     EAST 


ML  UU  SHIH  VIEWS  THE  PDESENT  CRISIS 


[A  resume  of  a  speech  delivered  by 
China's  intellectual  leader,  philosopher, 
and  dean  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts, 
Pekin  National  University,  at  the  Great 
China  Theater,  San  Francisco,  Sept.  26, 
1937.  This  English  translation  is  ap- 
proved by  Dr.  Hu.— L.  P.  L.] 

A  year  ago  last  summer  I  was  here  to 
attend  the  Yosemite  Conference  of  the 
Institute  of  Pacific  Relations.  I  said  at 
that  time  political  unity  was  85  per  cent 
an  accomplished  fact  in  China,  but  some 
of  you  did  not  believe  me  then,  but  I  am 
here  to  say  that  political  unity  is  100  per 
cent  an  accomplised  fact  in  China  to- 
day. There  is  unity  in  the  government, 
unity  of  the  military,  and  unity  of  the  peo- 
ple. The  advisory  council  to  the  Supreme 
War  Council  at  Nanking  is  represented 
by  all  political  parties  and  creeds.  The 
membership  of  that  body  I  do  not  know 
fully,  but  I  do  know  that  all  factions  and 
cliques  formerly  opposed  to  the  central 
government  are  united  for  the  purpose  of 
national  salvation.  When  I  was  in  Han- 
kow I  saw  Hsu  Chien,  Lo  Wen-kan,  Li 
Chi-sum,  Chiang  Kwang-nai  and  Chen 
Ming-shu  all  taking  the  same  boat  to 
Nanking.  At  Hongkong  I  read  about 
Fang  Chen-wu's  also  going  to  Nanking. 
This  is  an  illustration  of  100  per  cent 
political  unity. 

In  previous  wars  we  read  of  General 
Sung  Cheh-yuan's  troops  fighting  at 
Hsifengkou  pass  or  the  19th  Route  army 
defending  Shanghai,  but  today  through- 
out the  six  weeks  of  war,  we  heard  no 
mention  of  personal  names  or  army  di- 
visions because  the  military  is  unified 
under  one  government  and  takes  orders 
from  the  military  council  at  Nanking. 
From  the  standpoint  of  the  people  all  the 
way  from  Nanking  to  Hankow,  from 
Hankow  to  Hongkong,  and  among  the 
overseas  Chinese  from  Manila  to  Hono- 
lulu, and  from  Honolulu  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, I  see  unity  and  all  past  differences 
subordinated  to  national  salvation. 

Out  of  the  present  crisis  in  China  there 
is  a  painful  realization  that  the  Chinese 
people  are  going  through  a  "New  Ex- 
perience." I  was  at  Nanking  for  forty 
days  and  I  witnessed  over  30  air  raids  by 
the  Japanese  on  the  capital  of  China 
which  destroyed  the  Central  university, 
the  auditorium  of  the  National  People's 
congress,  cultural  centers,  and  educational 
institutions.  I  witnessed  discipline,  or- 
ganization, and  the  readiness  of  the  pop- 
ulace to   render  service   to  the  stricken. 


~\        ~  «  ~"~ 

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Dr.   Hu  Shih 


During  an  air  raid  the  people  were  calm, 
able  bodied  men  responded  instantly  for 
patrol  duty  in  uniforms,  and  able  bodied 
women  cared  for  the  injured  and  dying. 
Out  in  the  front,  the  soldiers  would 
rather  die  defending  their  territories  than 
to  surrender  them  to  the  invaders.  At 
Nankow  the  soldiers  were  mangled  by 
tanks  but  refused  to  retreat  in  face  of 
superior  armaments  of  the  Japanese.  At 
Paoshan,  near  Shanghai,  the  troops  de- 
fending that  city  were  killed  in  their  en- 
tirety rather  than  to  surrender  to  the  foe. 
The  people  and  the  soldiers  are  going 
through  a  New  Experience  of  painful 
disciplining  in  meeting  the  present  crisis. 

In  the  analysis  of  the  present  crisis,  I 
am  not  a  prophet  so  I  do  not  presume  to 
make  any  predictions,  but  in  my  humble 
opinion,  three  factors  are  involved,  (1) 
how  long  can  Japan  fight,  (2)  how  long 
can  China  resist,  (3)  will  there  be  any 
major  change  in  the  present  international 
situation? 

In  answer  to  the  first  question,  let  us 
not  be  too  optimistic.  The  optimist  view 
is  that  Japan  will  soon  be  bankrupt  eco- 
nomically, or  that  the  army  is  prepared 
for  an  anticipated  war  with  Soviet  Russia 
and  they  will  not  waste  their  men  on 
China,  or  that  a  revolution  may  break 
out  soon  in  Japan.  The  answer  to  the 
optimist  is  that  in  time  of  war,  when  there 
is  no  money,  money  can  be  squeezed 
from  somewhere.  The  example  of  Ger- 
many which  was  able  to  squeeze  enough 
money  to  finance  herself,  Austria,  Turkey, 
and  Bulgaria  during  the  World  War  il- 
lustrates that  a  nation  can   find  money 


where  there  is  no  money  in  case  of  a  war. 
Japan  can  find  money  to  prolong  her 
war  in  China.  The  war  machine  of  Ja- 
pan, although  prepared  for  war  against 
Soviet  Russia,  is  being  used  in  full  force 
against  China  today.  Japan  cannot  lose 
face  in  the  Far  East  and  she  will  spare 
neither  the  army  nor  the  navy  to  fight 
China.  As  for  a  revolution  in  Japan,  this 
is  only  possible  if  there  is  a  demoralized 
militia  or  police  system,  and  at  the  pres- 
ent there  is  no  sign  of  disintegration  of 
the  militia  or  the  police  within  Japan.  So 
a  more  objective  observer  would  not  like- 
ly expect  an  early  breakdown  of  Japan. 

Taking  the  third  factor  next,  will  there 
be  any  major  change  in  the  international 
situation?  Or  will  there  be  intervention 
on  the  part  of  a  third  power  or  powers? 
It  is  again  too  optimistic  to  expect  armed 
assistance  from  any  third  party.  The 
United  States  is  committed  to  a  neutral 
position,  Great  Britain  has  her  troubles 
in  the  Mediterranean,  and  Soviet  Russia 
has  to  watch  the  west,  which  is  more 
threatening  than  the  east  at  the  present. 
If  we  are  to  dream,  then  we  might  ex- 
pect a  third  nation  to  come  to  the  im- 
mediate help  of  China.  Such  help  could 
hardly  be  expected  in  the  present  inter- 
national situation. 

In  the  final  analysis,  we  must  return  to 
ourselves:  how  long  can  we  resist?  That 
depends  upon  three  factors,  (1)  our 
manpower,  (2)  our  financial  resources, 
(3)  our  supply  of  ammunition.  We  have 
a  population  of  450,000,000  people  to 
draw  from,  while  Japan  has  less  than 
100,000,000,  so  our  manpower  is  four 
times  as  much.  Besides,  our  army  is 
drawn  from  the  surplus  population  of  the 
country  while  in  Japan  every  soldier  is  a 
conscript  from  normal  professional  life 
in  business  or  industry.  Secondly,  our 
(Continued  on  p.  5,  col.  3) 


Gkuteie  W<vJti 

o/  Ait 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


October,  1937 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


HUIJIANITA&IANISM  0&  BA&BABISM 


"In  his  book  "Challenge  Behind  the 
Face  of  Japan,"  Mr.  Upton  Close  devoted 
a  lengthy  chapter  lauding  the  "humani- 
tarianism"  of  the  Japanese  people.  Acts 
of  God,  according  to  the  well  known 
writer,  have  played  a  large  part  in  making 
Japanese  history  and  shaping  the  Jap- 
anese mind.  The  frequent  occurrence  of 
earthquake,  flood,  hurricane,  and  fire  have 
confronted  the  life  of  the  Japanese  peo- 
ple, and  have  induced  Japan  to  thorough- 
ly institutionalize  the  care  of  human 
sufferings.  Added  to  this  natural  cause,  it 
is  explained,  the  Japanese  sects  of  Bud- 
dhism lay  special  emphasis  on  charitable 
works  and  evangelical  movements.  Such 
teachings  are  said  to  have  implanted 
deeply  in  Japan  a  consciousness  of 
brotherhood  and  social  responsibility.  For 
concrete  example,  Mr.  Close  pointed  out 
that  the  Japanese  Red  Cross  society  has 
the  largest  membership  and  support  per 
capita  of  population. 

Mr.  Close  is  one  of  the  few  Americans 
who  have  really  delved  into  the  study  of 
the  Japanese  people  and  presented  the 
world  with  an  interpretation  of  what  is 
"behind"  the  hereto  vaguely  described 
Island  Empire. 

The  soundness  of  Mr.  Close's  analysis 
is  beyond  doubt,  and  we  make  no  pre- 
tense to  challenge  Mr.  Close's  judgment. 
What  we  fail  to  understand  is  that  how 
the  Japanese  people,  if  intrinsically  "hu- 
manitarian," can  fail  to  see  the  incongru- 
ity of  their  own  barbarous  actions. 

Now  the  world  is  fully  aware  of  the 
fact  that  the  present  Japanese  military 
campaign  in  China  is  characterized  by 
ruthlessness.  Their  aircrafts  have  indis- 
criminately and  systematically  bombed 
Peiping,  Tientsin,  Paoting,  Shanghai, 
Nanking,  Hangchow,  Nanchang,  Han- 
kow, Canton,  and  innumerable  other  cit- 
ies in  China.  Wherever  they  visited,  they 
have  left  the  cities  in  ruins  and  brought 
death  to  thousands  of  innocent  and  de- 
fenseless non-combatants.  For  an  inkling 
of  the  misery  brought  forth  by  the  Jap- 
anese soldiers,  one  does  not  have  to  go 
too  far.  Just  drop  in  your  nearby  motion 
picture  house,  you  will  find  the  current 
news  reels  grinding  out  the  gruesome  dis- 
play of  tragedies  manufactured  by  the 
Japanese  "humanitarians." 

The  Japanese  often  dropped  bombs 
in  localities  situated  many  miles  away 
from  theaters  of  hostilities.  These  could 


By  Tsu  Pan 

achieve  no  military  object  whatsoever. 
From  the  newspaper  dispatches  in  the  past 
few  weeks,  we  find  that  schools,  churches, 
mission  centers,  hospitals,  historical  places, 
and  humanitarian  institutions  have  been 
destroyed  by  Japanese  air  raids.  Among 
these  were  the  destructions  of  Nankai 
university  at  Tientsin,  Chinan  university 
at  Chenyu,  Tungchi  university  at  Woo- 
sung,  Shanghai  Baptist  university  at 
Shanghai,  National  Central  university  at 
Nanking,  Sun  Yat-Sen  university  at 
Canton,  and  many  other  cites  of  higher 
learning.  Many  American  owned 
churches  and  missionary  properties  have 
encountered  the  same  fate,  among  which, 
according  to  the  latest  report,  was  the 
destruction  of  the  American  Seventh-day 
Adventist  mission  at  Waichow. 

The  Japanese  airmen  seem  to  take  de- 
light in  shooting  and  bombing  defense- 
less non-combatants.  For  exhibit  A,  one 
may  easily  cite  the  case  of  His  Excellency 
Sir  Hugh  Montgomery  Knatchbull-Hug- 
gesen,  British  Ambassador  to  China.  One 
afternoon  (August  28  to  be  exact)  a 
Japanese  bomb  landed  on  the  heavily 
crowded  quarters  of  Nantao  in  Shanghai 
where  no  Chinese  troop  was  in  sight  and 
no  anti-aircraft  defense  had  been  placed. 
Six  hundred  refugees  immediately  burst 
into  flying  limbs  and  fragments.  In  the 
following  few  days,  the  Japanese  repeated 
the  same  type  of  killing  in  the  Southern 
railway  station  in  Shanghai,  in  the  village 
of  Woosung,  and  in  many  other  places, 
taking  a  toll  of  few  hundred  lives  at 
each  crack.  On  September  9,  Japanese 
planes  spotted  a  refugee  train  pulling 
out  from  Sungkiang.  Down  went  their 
bombs.  Five  passenger  coaches  were  im- 
mediately wrecked  and  seven  hundred 
Chinese  refugees  killed.  Huangsha  is  a 
tiny  islet  on  the  mouth  of  Yangtze  river. 
It  has  a  small  fishing  population  of  about 
five  hundred.  To  make  this  place  a 
temporary  landing  field  for  the  Japanese 
air  force  the  Japanese  annihilated  all  the 
inhabitants. 

The  irony  becomes  complete  when  one 
considers  that  the  Japanese  are  ardent 
supporters  of  the  Red  Cross  movement. 
The  headquarters  of  the  Red  Cross  So- 
ciety of  China  announced  that  "on  Au- 
gust 8,  Japanese  aeroplanes  bombed  the 
Chenju  Red  Cross  hospital,  destroying 
the  hospital  buildings,  killing  stretcher- 
bearers  and  wounding  convalescents  and 


physicians.  On  August  19  Japanese  planes 
bombed  the  Nanziang  Red  Cross  ambu- 
lance corps.  On  August  23,  the  First  Am- 
bulance corps,  while  working  in  Lotien, 
was  stopped  by  the  Japanese  soldiers,  the 
Red  Cross  insignia  torn  off,  its  personnel 
insulted,  maltreated,  then  fired  at,  killing 
one  doctor  and  two  nurses.  Other  Red 
Cross  ambulances  working  in  the  front 
reported  that  Japanese  planes  deliber- 
atedl'y  and  repeatedly  bombed  and  ma- 
(Continued  on  p.  19,  col.  1) 

DR.  HU  SHIH  VIEWS  CRISIS 

(Continued  from  p.  4,  col.  3) 
financial  position  is  sound.  As  an  illustra- 
tion, when  the  government  ordered  the 
evacuation  of  Nanking,  $7,000,000  was 
drawn  from  one  bank  in  one  day  and  be- 
cause of  the  soundness  of  the  new  cur- 
rency policy,  there  was  no  disturbance  to 
the  functions  of  the  banks.  Furthermore 
the  credit  loans  to  the  Chinese  govern- 
ment by  the  foreign  powers  proved  the 
stability  of  the  Chinese  financial  system. 
Finally,  the  factor  most  vital  to  China 
is  the  sources  of  ammunitions.  China  can 
manufacture  her  own  light  ammunitions 
such  as  ammunitions  for  rifles  and  ma- 
chine guns,  but  must  depend  upon  for- 
eign sources  for  heavy  ammunitions  and 
airplanes.  If  the  sources  of  ammuni- 
tions could  be  kept  open,  you  can  count 
on  China  for  a  prolonged  resistance  to 
Japanese  aggression. 

In  conclusion,  of  all  these  three  deter- 
mining factors  for  the  duration  of  the 
war  the  one  factor  that  we  can  truly  rely 
upon  is  our  own  ability  to  hold  out  as 
long  as  we  can.  The  longer  we  fight  on 
the  more  chances  will  there  be  for  Jap- 
anese exhaustion  and  for  new  interna- 
tional developments  in  our  favor. 


For  Excellent  Food 
At  Moderate  Cost 

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FAR  EAST  CAFE 

Spacious  Accommodations 

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Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1937 


FAR     EAST 


SINO-JAPANESE  CONFLICT 
IN  NORTH  CHINA  AND 
SHANGHAI:  Third  Month 

Following  is  the  day  by  day  resume  of 
the  highlights  of  the  present  "unde- 
clared war"  between  China  and  Japan, 
covering  the  period  from  August  26  to 
September  7.  This  resume  continues  the 
one  given  in  these  pages  in  our  previous 
issue.  Lack  of  space  in  this  issue  pre- 
vents the  resume  from  covering  a  longer 
period. 

As  the  third  week  of  the  Shanghai 
conflict  began,  with  increasing  casualties 
on  both  sides,  U.  S.  Secretary  of  State 
Cordell  Hull  issued  a  new  formal  state- 
ment, on  American  policy  toward  the 
Far  Eastern  crisis.  This  statement 
more  stronger  in  torne  than  the  one 
the  U.  S.  Secretary  of  State  had  issued  on 
July  16,  embodied  three  significant  steps: 
(1)  Applied  his  14  points  declaration 
for  world  peace  of  July  16  directly  to  the 
undeclared  war  in  China;  (2)  Asserted 
special  American  interest  which  "go  far 
beyond  merely  the  immediate  question 
protection  of  the  nationals  and  interest 
of  the  United  States;  (3)  Linked  the  9- 
Power  Pact  and  the  Kellogg  Pact  with 
his  own  14-point  statement,  thereby,  in  a 
qualified  sense,  invoking  these  documents 
against  the  parties  in  the  conflict. 

At  almost  the  same  time  the  Chinese 
central  government  announced  through 
its  embassy  in  London  that  China  had 
approved  the  recent  British  proposal  that 
the  warring  Sino- Japanese  armies  with- 
draw from  the  Shanghai  area.  The  ap- 
proval, however,  was  conditioned  on  the 
acceptance  of  the  British  plan  by  Japan. 

On  August  26  an  Anglo- Japanese  crisis 
was  suddenly  precipitated  when  Sir 
Hughe  M.  Knatchbull-Huggessen,  Brit- 
ish Ambassador  to  China,  while  motor- 
ing from  Nanking  to  Shanghai,  was  seri- 
ously wounded  by  aerial  bullets  from  a 
Japanese  plane.  It  later  transpired  that 
this  attack  was  aimed  at  the  person  of 
Chiang  Kai-Shek. 

In  North  China  an  estimated  110,000 
Japanese  soldiers  were  locked  in  battle — 
the  7th  week  of  conflict  in  this  area — 
with  300,000  Chinese  troops  along  the 
Peiping-Suiyuan,  the  Peiping-Hankow 
and  the  Tientsin-Pukow-Nanking  rail- 
ways, all  important  strategic  points.  Rain 
slowed  up  the  Japanese  advance.  The 
Chinese  held  on  southwest  of  Peiping, 
south  of  Tientsin  and  at  Nankow  Pass. 

And  while  strong  British  representa- 
tion was  being  made  on  Japan  as  a  conse- 
quence of  the  wounding  of  the  British 


Ambassador,  China  executed  18  Chinese, 
including  three  women,  who  were  con- 
victed of  espionage  "on  behalf  of  the 
enemy." 

On  August  27  General  Pai  Chung-Hsi, 
commanding  the  Shanghai  operations, 
made  plans  to  order  a  general  withdrawal 
of  Chinese  troops  35  miles  west  of  the 
city. 

Japanese  planes  again  bombed  Nan- 
king and  left  in  its  merciless  wake  the 
shattered  bodies  of  150  civilians.  In 
North  China  Japanese  troops  were  of- 
ficially reported  to  be  closing  in  on  the 
Chinese  at  Nankow  Pass,  while  east  of 
Kalgan,  gateway  to  Inner  Mongolia, 
Japanese  soldiers  began  a  flanking  assault 
to  capture  the  city.  China  officially  ac- 
cused the  Japanese  military  of  using 
poison  gas  in  their  attack  on  Nankow 
Pass  on  August  24  and  25. 

Although  the  fierce  fighting  in  Shang- 
hai continued  to  attract  the  world's  at- 
tention, the  real  Sino- Japanese  conflict 
was  being  waged  in  the  north.  Here,  the 
Chinese  forces  were  apparently  losing 
ground  as  Nanking  officially  confirmed 
the  report  that  the  Japanese  after  more 
than  two  weeks  fighting  had  occupied 
the  Kalgan  and  Nankow  Passes  along  the 
Great  Wall. 

On  August  28  Shanghai's  cable  con- 
nection with  the  outside  world  was  broken 
by  airplane  bombing.  This  damage  was 
repaired  in  several  days,  to  be  disrupted 
again  shortly. 

On  the  same  day  16  Japanese  planes, 
without  warning,  carried  the  Shanghai 
war  into  Nantao,  old  native  section  of 
the  city  and  strewed  death  and  destruc- 
tion through  its  narrow,  crowded  streets, 
killing  at  least  200  civilians. 

While  this  ruthless  slaughtering  of 
innocent  non-combatants  went  on,  China 
indicated  that  she  was  still  willing  to  talk 
peace.  Through  C.  T  Wang,  Chinese 
Ambassador  to  U.  S.,  China  informed 
U.  S.  Secretary  of  State  Hull  that  she 
was  "as  ready  as  ever  to  settle  whatever 
differences  she  may  have  with  Japan"  by 
pacific  means  and  in  accordance  with 
international  law. 

Japanese  planes  carried  their  air  raids 
along  several  of  China's  coastal  cities  and 
into  the  interior.  Nanking,  Hangchow, 
and  Nanchang  in  Kiangsi  province  were 
successively  bombed,  as  were  Swatow  and 
other  points  in  South  China.  Contrary 
to  Japanese  claims,  little  of  these  bomb- 
ings had  any  military  objectives.  In  real- 
ity the  Japanese  were  aiming  at  wanton 
destruction    of    properties    and    the    de- 


moralization of  the   Chinese   masses. 

On  August  30  the  American  Dollar 
Liner  President  Hoover  was  bombed  four 
times  by  Chinese  airplanes  whose  pilots 
mistook  it  for  a  Japanese  transport,  as 
it  was  between  two  Japanese  warships. 
The  Chinese  government  immediately 
made  apology  for  this  mishap  and 
promised  full  redress. 

Then,  delivering  a  surprise  to  the  world 
and  a  decided  shock  to  Japan,  Nanking 
announced  that  China  had  signed  a  non- 
aggression  pact  with  Russia.  Foreign 
Minister  Wang  Chung-hui  declared  that 
the  pact  was  signed  on  August  21  and 
carried  no  military  clauses.  The  treaty 
stated  that  ( 1 )  Both  parties  condemn  re- 
course to  war;  (2)  In  the  event  of  aggres- 
sion against  either  signatory  by  a  third 
power,  both  China  and  Russia  pledge 
themselves  not  to  assist  the  aggressor;  (3) 
There  is  to  be  no  modification  of  right  or 
obligations  imposed  by  earlier  treaties 
between  the  signatories;  (4)  The  treaty 
shall  be  effective  for  five  years  from  Au- 
gust 21,  1937. 

Immediately  Japan,  through  an  em- 
bassy spokesman  asserted  that  the  treaty 
contained  secret  clauses  which  provides, 
among  other  things,  that  Russia  shall 
furnish  China  with  arms  for  its  war  with 
Japan,  and  added  that  20  Russian  air 
pilots  had  been  fighting  on  the  Chinese 
front  for  weeks.  The  spokesman  char- 
acterized the  treaty  as  "a  definite  hand- 
shake with  communism." 

On  August  3 1  Japanese  source  reported 
(Continued  on  p.  18,  col.  3) 


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October,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


FAR     EAST 


VIEWS  AND  OPINIONS 

on  the  Sino-Japanese  Conflict 

Do  the  Japanese 
People  Want  War?— 

"In  the  six  years  that  have  followed  the 
Manchurian  incident,  a  big  change  has 
taken  place  in  the  attitude  of  the  Jap- 
anese people  toward  war.  A  careful  ob- 
server will  notice  that  the  people  in  gen- 
eral are  not  over-enthusiastic  about  war, 
despite  the  government's  propaganda.  . . . 
There  is  a  certain  air  of  calmness,  even  a 
slight  apathy,  existing  today.  Mr.  Hugh 
Byas,  the  Tokyo  correspondent  of  the 
N.  Y.  Times,  .  .  .  wrote  as  follows  on 
July  16: 

'  'This  correspondent,  who  has  spoken 
Japanese  since  his  childhood,  spent  three 
hours  riding  Tokyo  street  cars  with  his 
ears  open.  He  heard  nothing  said  about 
North  China  or  war.  Passing  barracks, 
military  colleges  and  such  places,  he  saw 
no  signs  of  unusual  acitivity.' 

"Three  weeks  later  he  wrote:  'Except 
for  a  swelling  stream  of  voluntary  contri- 
butions to  war  funds,  warlike  signs  almost 
disappeared  here.'  To  those  who  are  fa- 
miliar with  the  excitable  nature  of  the 
Japanese,  this  certainly  is  a  strange  sight. 

".  .  .  the  Japanese  people  of  today  are 
not  as  violently  patriotic  as  they  were  30 
years  ago.  Indeed,  they  have  changed 
even  in  the  last  six  years." — O.  Kobashi, 

in  Amerasia. 

*     *     * 

Chinese  Nationalism 
and  Anti-Nipponism — 

"Chinese  nationalism,  patriotism,  and 
anti-Nipponism  are  synonymous  terms. 
In  a  sense  this  war  is  a  war  around  Chi- 
nese nationalism  and  what  Japan  is  going 
to  do  about  it.  Japan  must  crush  this 
Chinese  nationalism  unless  her  dream  of 
empire  is  to  vanish. 

".  .  .  strong  racial  hatred  against  the 
Japanese  guarantees  on  the  Chinese  side 
the  finest  fighting  morale  any  nation  can 
hope  for.  Every  Chinese  coolie  knows 
that  Japan  is  China's  enemy.  In  fighting 
the  Japanese,  every  Chinese  soldier  is  a 
steadily  advancing  unit.  Whatever  the 
Chinese  lack,  and  however  they  may  be 
subjected  by  force,  they  have  racial  pride, 
a  consciousness  of  a  great  cultural  past. 

"The  Sino-Japanese  conflict  will  be 
.  .  .  one  of  slow  attrition  .  .  .  until  both 
Japan  and  China  are  ready  to  talk  peace 
and  the  conflict  is  ended  by  third-party 
mediation  on  a  stalemate  basis.  ...  If 


this  war  ends  in  a  stalemate  the  virtual 
victory  will  be  China's." — Lin  Yutang  in 

the  N.  Y.  Times  Magazine. 

*  *     # 

An  Effective 
Weapon — 

"If  the  powers  will  not  act  in  their  own 
behalf,  they  are  even  less  likely  to  sup- 
port collective  action  on  moral  grounds. 
We  must  find  a  new  technique  which  does 
not  depend  upon  the  support  of  a  timid 
foreign-office  bureaucracy. 

"It  is  still  possible  for  the  millions  who 
desire  peace  to  bring  effective  pressure 
against  Japanese  aggression.  All  that  is 
needed  is  for  a  substantial  number  of 
persons  in  this  country  and  abroad  to  de- 
clare that  they  will  not  support  Japan's 
war  in  China  by  purchasing  Japanese 
goods.  This  boycott  should  be  supple- 
mented if  possible  by  refusal  on  the  part 
of  longshoremen  in  all  countries  to  handle 
cargoes  destined  for  or  received  from 
Japan.  Given  proper  leadership,  it  is 
not  too  late  to  develop  a  non-violent  tech- 
nique for  resisting  aggression.  Govern- 
ments have  failed;  it  is  time  for  the 
people  to  take  matters  into  their  own 
hands." — Editorial  in  the  Nation. 

*  *     * 

Stopping  Japanese 
Aggression — 

"Immediate,  concerted  action  by  the 
democratic  powers  can  stop  Japanese  ag- 
gression, nothing  else  can.  China  is  put- 
ting up  magnificent  resistence.    But  how- 


ever great  a  fight  China  may  be  ready  to 
make,  this  alone  is  not  enough  to  stop 
Japan,  nor  to  keep  this  section  of  the 
world  war  isolated. 

"Japan  has  violated  the  Nine-Power 
Treaty  for  the  preservation  of  China's 
territorial  integrity,  which  was  initiated  by 
the  United  States.  Why  should  not  the 
U.  S.  insist  on  its  enforcement?  There 
is  also  the  Kellogg  Pact,  "outlawing  war 
as  an  instrument  of  national  policy,"  in- 
itiated by  the  United  States.  Why  should 
not  its  signatory  nations  be  called  upon  to 
give  this  pact  meaning  .  .  .?" — Editorial 

in  Soviet  Russia  Today. 
*     *     * 

America  and  the  Sino- 
Japanese  Conflict — 

"The  greatest  hope  of  the  Japanese 
militarists  is  that  they  may  meet  with  no 
hindrance,  moral  or  material,  from  other 
nations.  Their  bloody  conquest  can  best 
go  forward  if  its  meets  with  no  effective 
protest.  They  are  especially  concerned 
that  China  shall  receive  no  means  of  de- 
fense from  overseas  while  Japan,  by  bot- 
tling up  the  Chinese  ports,  may  continue 
to  add  to  her  already  immense  accumu- 
lations of  war  supplies.  It  is  vitally  to 
their  interest  that  the  other  signatories 
of  the  Kellogg  and  Nine-Power  Treaties 
shall  not  take  active  steps  to  compel  re- 
spect for  Japan's  obligations. 

"A  positive  policy  of  peace  requires 
that  the  United  States  shall  work  actively 
(Continued  on  p.  19,  col.  1) 


OFFICE  HOURS 
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2:00  P.M.— 4:30  P.M 


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DR.  DAN  LEE 

now  located  at 
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Page  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1937 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENTS 


THE  NORTH 
CHINA  PROBLEM 

[By  Shushi  Hsu,  Ph.D.,  112  pp.,  ap- 
pendices. Kelly  &  Walsh,  Ltd.,  Shanghai. 
No.  1  of  a  Series  of  Political  and  Eco- 
nomic Studies  Prepared  under  the  Aus- 
pices of  the  Council  of  International  Af- 
fairs, Nanking,  China.] 

This  monograph,  published  a  short 
time  before  the  present  hostilities  between 
Japan  and  China  started  on  July  7,  serves 
to  give  admirable  background  informa- 
tion, from  the  Chinese  point  of  view, 
regarding  what  has  come  to  be  known  in 
international  diplomacy  and  the  press  as 
the  North  China  problem.  In  six  short 
chapters  and  in  non-technical  language 
the  author  deals  with  the  beginning  of 
Japanese  aggression  into  North  China 
with  the  attack  on  Jehol,  through  the 
Hopei-Chahar  and  Inner  Mongolia 
phases,  both  military  and  diplomatic, 
down  to  the  conditions  prevailing  in  the 
early  part  of  1937.  It  is  an  objective  and 
factual  account,  highly  condensed  for 
quick  reading  and  reference. 

On  February  21,  1933,  Japan  launched 
a  general  attack  on  the  province  of  Je- 
hol on  the  false  pretext  of  securing  "to 
the  Manchurian  administration  all  terri- 
tory that  should  fall  under  its  control." 
The  invasion  was  well  timed,  as  the 
Chinese  central  government  was  still 
actively  prosecuting  its  campaign  to  sup- 
press the  Chinese  communists,  and  the 
local  forces  charged  with  the  defense  of 
Jehol  were  completely  demoralized.  With- 
in 10  days  Jehol  was  lost. 

As  was  expected,  the  Japanese  did  not 
stop  at  Jehol.  In  the  latter  part  of 
March  they  proceeded  to  invade  the 
neighboring  province  of  Chahar.  By 
the  22nd  of  May  they  had  so  maneuvered 
their  armies  that  they  had  reached  Tung- 
chow,  12  miles  east  of  Peiping.  The  Chi- 
nese government,  still  adhering  "stead- 
fastly to  its  policy  of  ending  hostilities," 
sent  the  late  Gen.  Huang  Fu  north  to 
handle  the  situation.  As  a  result  there 
was  concluded  on  May  31,  the  famous 
Tanku  truce  which  was  completely  ad- 
vantageous to  the  Japanese  and  deteri- 
mental  to  China's  territorial  integrity, 
as  its  most  important  consideration  called 
for  a  demilitarized  zone  "extending  south 
from  the  Great  Wall  to  a  line  drawn 
roughly  parallel  to  the  Peiping-Suiyuan 
and  Peiping-Liaoning  railways  at  a  dis- 
tance of  about  a  dozen  miles  to  the  east 
and  north  respectively  from  the  Wall 
near  Nankow  to  the  sea  near  Lutai,  in 
which  zone  a  Chinese  police  force  "not 


hostile  to  Japanese  feelings'  was  to  be 
allowed." 

Having  accomplished  one  objective  the 
Japanese  proceeded  to  lay  plans  for  an- 
other— establishment  of  communications 
and  economic  agencies,  permission  to 
lease  lands  and  residence  for  troops.  By 
the  threat  of  further  military  measures, 
Japan  won  her  demands  one  after  an- 
other. 

In  May,  1935,  the  Japanese  were  again 
on  the  march,  this  time  for  control  of 
Hopei  and  Chahar.  In  the  middle  of 
May  a  band  of  Jehol  irregulars  operating 
against  the  Japanese  were  forced  to  es- 
cape into  the  demilitarized  zone.  The 
Japanese  followed  and  fresh  troubles 
brewed.  Still  bent  on  a  policy  of  peaceful 
settlement  China  made  every  effort  to 
avoid  hostilities.  New  Japanese  demands 
were  presented,  aimed  at  clearing  North 
China  of  so-called  Anti- Japanese  ele- 
ments, both  military  and  civil. 

While  these  demands  were  being 
drawn  other  divisions  of  Japanese  sol- 
diers were  invading  Chahar.  As  a  result 
of  these  Japanese  operations  in  Hopei 
and  Chahar  the  North  China  authorities 
concluded  the  so-called  Ho-Umetsu 
Agreement  on  May  29,  and  the  Chin- 
Doihara  Agreement  about  a  month  later. 
"The  harvest  reaped  by  the  Japanese  in 
May,  1935,  amounted  altogether  to  the 
extension  of  the  demilitarized  zone  into 
Chahar,  the  withdrawal  from  Hopei  of 
troops  that  were  considered  unfriendly 
toward  Japan,  and  the  dissolution  of 
organizations  in  both  provinces  which 
were  similarly  considered." 

Having  eliminated  forces  the  Jap- 
anese military  considered  as  inimical  to 
Sino-Japanese  friendly  relations,  a  new 
plan  for  the  subjugation  of  North  China 
was  thought  up.  This  was  the  promo- 
tion of  so-called  autonomy  movements  in 
Hopei  and  Chahar,  using  pro-Japanese 
elements,  among  whom  was  Yin  Ju-keng, 
who  had  been  appointed  by  the  Chinese 
government  as  administrator  of  the  de- 
militarized zone.  He  became  a  willing 
tool  of  the  Japanese. 

In  November,  1935,  the  Japanese  en- 
gineered several  autonomy  demonstra- 
tions in  Tientsin  and  Peiping.  Working 
closely  with  the  Japanese  army,  the  Jap- 
anese Foreign  office  announced  that  "fav- 
orable consideration  would  be  given  to  a 
request  of  assistance  from  the  autonomy 
movement,  if  made." 

The  Japanese  had  planned  for  a  Hopei- 
Chahar  autonomy  government,  but  their 
plans  went  awry  when  the  leaders  of  the 


Chahar  group  refused  to  go  the  full 
length  with  them.  As  a  result,  the  Jap- 
anese were  content  with  establishing  the 
Anti-Communist  Autonomus  government 
of  East  Hopei,  using  Yin  Ju-keng  as 
their  puppet.  So  far  as  they  were  con- 
cerned, the  Japanese  considered  they  had 
established  a  special  position  in  North 
China,  and  began  to  discuss  measures  for 
its  defense  and  exploitation.  For  defense 
there  was  the  Japanese  army,  and  for  ex- 
ploitation they  would  attempt  to  control 
economic  enterprises  and  the  smuggling 
of  Japanese  made  goods  into  China. 

By  diplomatic  intrigue,  the  Japanese 
were  also  trying  to  bring  Inner  Mongolia 
under  their  nominal  control  by  giving 
military  assistance  to  Prince  Teh,  who 
was  trying  to  effect  an  autonomy  govern- 
ment there  with  himself  at  the  head.  In 
November,  1936,  Prince  Teh  thought 
the  time  was  ripe  and  began  hostilities, 
but  his  attempt  failed  when  Chinese 
government  forces  captured  Pailingmiao, 
the  key  to  Japanese  expansion  into  the 
great  northwest.  With  this  territory  un- 
der Chinese  control,  "the  Japanese  dream 
of  the  conquest  of  the  western  part  of 
Inner  Mongolia  and,  through  that,  of 
Chinese  Central  Asia  vanished  into  noth- 
ingness at  least  for  the  time." 

The  last  two  chapters  of  Dr.  Hsu's 
monograph  deal  with  Sino-Japanese  di- 
plomacy during  the  past  three  years  and 
have  several  important  documents.  Chap- 
ter V  takes  up  the  Japanese  "Hands  Off 
China"  declaration  of  April  17,  1934, 
China's  answer  to  that  declaration  and 
the  reactions  of  the  United  States,  Great 
Britain,  France,  and  Italy.  Statements 
of  Great  Britain  and  the  U.  S.  pertain- 
ing to  the  so-called  autonomy  movements 
in  North  China  are  also  given. 

Chapter  VI  details  the  numerous  at- 
tempts made  by  China  through  diplo- 
matic means  to  settle  Sino-Japanese  issues 
on  the  principle  of  equality,  reciprocity, 
and  mutual  respect  for  each  other's  sov- 
ereignty and  territorial  integrity.  Time 
after  time  China  had  taken  the  lead  to 
seek  a  rapproachment  with  Japan  on 
outstanding  Sino-Japanese  issues,  and 
time  and  again  these  efforts  came  to 
nought,  and  the  documentary  reasons 
therefor  are  set  forth.  The  famous  Hi- 
rota  three  principles  are  balanced  against 
China's  policy  of  self-determination  as 
enunciated  by  Gen.  Chiang  Kai-Shek  at 
the  Fifth  National  congress  and  the  Sec- 
ond Plenary  session  of  the  Fifth  Kuo- 
(Continued  on  p.  19,  col.  1) 


x*& 


October,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


NUMBERS  71-75:  THE  CHINESE 
AWARDED  ACADEMIC  DEGREES 
\ND  CUM  LAUDE  TITLES;  SHE  RE 
PLACED  HEREDITARY  FEUDAL 
POWER  WITH  A  CIVIL  SERVICE 
BASED  ON  COMPETITIVE  STATE 
EXAMINATIONS,-  SHE  EVOLVED 
AN  AUDIENCIA  OR  CONTROL 
YUAN;  AND  APPLIED  THE  PRIN- 
CIPLE OF  NON-RESIDENCY  TO 
HER  OFFICIALS. 

The  evolution  of  the  unique  Chinese 
Civil  Service  system  which  is  the  basis  of 
existing  systems  in  all  modern  countries, 
was  a  steady  growth  which  had  a  very 
early  beginning.  The  legendary  hero- 
ruler  Shun  (2200  B.  C.)  is  said  to  have 
held  periodic  examinations  of  his  officials 
every  three  years,  resulting  in  promo- 
tion for  the  ablest  and  dismissal  for  the 
unworthy.  Once  every  five  years  there 
was  also  an  inquisition  into  the  merits 
and  defects  of  each  post.  This  feature, 
not  unlike  the  Audiencia  system  of  Im- 
perial Spain,  was  adopted  in  some  man- 
ners by  all  succeeding  dynasties,  and 
found  its  way  even  into  the  constitution 
of  the  present  Republican  government, 
the  Control  Yuan,  a  supervisory  body 
having  charge  of  auditing  and  impeach- 
ment. It  is  an  orderly  mechanism  for 
"shake-ups." 

During  the  early  part  of  the  Chou 
dynasty  (about  1115  B.  C.)  we  find  ex- 
aminations for  both  officials  and  candi- 
dates to  consist  of  tests  in  the  six  arts — 
music,  archery,  charioteering,  writing, 
mathematics,  and  rituals.  Confucius  in- 
sisted that  a  successful  government 
evolved  around  the  selection  of  able 
scholars  to  serve  the  state,  and  this  was 
advocated  by  nearly  all  Chou  dynasty 
philosophers.  One  school  emphasized 
"honest  officials,"  giving  them  great  free- 
dom of  action;  another  (notably  the  Le- 
galists) ,  a  rigid  system  of  check  and  bal- 
ance with  limited  action. 

Wu  Ti  of  the  Han  dynasty,  following 
Shih  Huang  Ti  of  the  Chin  dynasty, 
maintained  a  school  for  the  training  of 
officials.  Character  reference  by  the 
district  magistrate  was  required  of  appli- 
cants for  the  examination,  special  em- 
phasis being  placed  on  hsiao  and  lien 
(filial  piety  and  integrity),  and  this  prac- 
tice, not  unlike  the  senatorial  appoint- 
ment, was  readopted  by  the  Mings.  Be- 
sides the  six  arts,  familiarity  with  one  or 
more  of  the  following  subjects  was  added 
during  the  Han  dynasty:  civil  law,  mili- 
tary science,  agriculture,  geography,  and 
adminstration  of  revenue.  Clearly  these 
were   subjects   asked   of   prospective   of- 


ficials. The  examination  of  this  period, 
including  as  it  did  agility  tests  and  a 
wide  variety  of  subjects,  represented  the 
most  balanced  of  examinations  in  dynas- 
tic China.  In  later  periods  a  distinction 
was  made  between  tests  of  skill  for  mili- 
tary mandarins  and  academic  knowledge 
for  the  civil  officials. 

During  the  Sui  dynasty  (589-618 
A.  D.)  Emperor  Yang  Chien  laid  the 
foundation  for  the  civil  service  and  cre- 
ated the  Chin  Shih  degree.  By  the  time 
of  the  Tangs  three  degrees  were  awarded 
through  examinations  which  were  com- 
petitive in  that  only  a  given  percentage 
of  the  entries  were  allowed  to  pass.  Since 
the  Sung  dynasty  only  those  who  won 
the  doctorate  were  awarded  with  govern- 
mental posts.  Reforms  toward  practical 
examinations  were  advocated  at  this  time 
by  Wang  An  Shih.  The  system  broke 
down  during  the  Mongol  period  but  was 
restored  by  the  Mings.  The  three  de- 
grees were  similar,  but  more  difficult  to 
secure,  than  the  bachelor,  the  master,  and 
the  doctor  degree  of  the  West: 

1.  Hsiu  ts'ai — Flowering  Talents. 

2.  Chu  jen — Promoted  Man  or  Master. 

3.  Chin  shih — One-who-has-arrived  or 
Entered  Scholar. 

The  examination  for  the  first  degree 
is  held  in  the  chief  city  (hsien)  of  each 
district  once  in  three  years,  but  upon  aus- 
picious occasions,  such  as  the  birth  of  a 
royal  heir,  imperial  marriage,  or  victory 
in  war,  an  extra  examination  as  en  k'o  is 
bestowed.  They  are  conducted  by  a  lit- 
erary chancellor  (Hsiao  Yuan)  whose 
jurisdiction  extends  over  the  districts  of 
an  entire  province.  In  each  district  he  has 
a  sub-chancellor  who  renders  trial  exami- 
nations a  month  in  advance  of  the  regular 
one  in  order  to  have  the  students  trained 
and  in  readiness  for  actual  examination. 

The  trial  examination  is  held  under  the 
supervision  of  a  chi-hien  with  the  aid 
of  a  chief  literary  officer  called  hioh- 
ching  (Corrector  of  Learning)  or  kiao  yu 
(Teacher  of  the  Command) .  The  one 
who  wants  to  take  the  examination  goes 
to  the  district  city  and  rents  accommo- 
dations, for  about  two  weeks,  carrying 
with  him  belongings,  stationery,  food, 
and  cooking  equipment.  He  pays  a  reg- 
istration fee  and  records  not  only  his 
name,  but  those  of  his  father  and  grand- 
father, this  being  required  to  discourage 
fraudulent  entries. 

On  the  first  day  of  the  examination 
two  themes  for  easy  composition  are 
given  out  at  daybreak.  By  10  o'clock  the 
stamp  of  the  examiner  is  affixed  to  the 
last  word,  to  prevent  late  addition,  and 


the  papers  collected  by  monitors.  At  11 
o'clock  in  the  morning  a  poetical  theme 
is  given  out  and  the  time  for  this  varies 
from  mid-night  to  daybreak  of  the  next 
day,  depending  on  local  custom.  Themes 
of  poetry  are  invaribly  taken  from  the 
Book  of  Odes  or  Shu  King  while  the 
themes  for  essays  are  from  the  Four 
Books  or  the  Five  Classics.  On  the  fourth 
day  the  "boards  are  hung"  announcing 
the  successful  candidates.  This  amounts 
to  half  the  entries,  the  remaining  half 
being  eliminated. 

On  the  fifth  day  a  similar  examination 
is  arranged  for  the  successful  half,  and 
these  are  now  seated  according  to  their 
newly  acquired  rank.  On  the  seventh 
day  the  result  is  announced,  again  elimi- 
nating half  the  number.  The  third  ses- 
sion is  given  a  few  days  later,  but  from 
now  on  luncheon  is  furnished  by  the 
government. 

The  fourth  session  covers  a  wider  range 
of  subjects  and  also  requires  the  writing 
of  difficult  poems,  such  as  the  "eight  legs" 
(abolished  during  the  Kuang  Hsu  reform 
period)  or  the  "antithetical  couplets." 
The  number  of  successful  candidates 
again  is  reduced  by  one-half.  The  final 
examination  occurs  a  day  later.  Besides 
prose  and  poems  the  candidates  must 
also  be  able  to  reproduce  any  portion  of 
the  "Sacred  Edicts."  The  nearest  Ameri- 
can equivalent  to  this  document  is  the 
American  Creed,  the  Oath  of  Allegiance, 
and  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
combined.  Incidentally,  the  handwriting 
on  this  is  preserved  for  checking  with  fu- 
ture examinations.  This  is  the  last  ses- 
sion and  the  winners  vary  from  20  to  30 
in  number,  but  it  is  only  "Subject  A"  and 
those  who  failed  to  pass  are  not  disquali- 
fied from  the  regular  examination. 

(Continued   in   a  subsequent   issue) 


Newest  Cafe  for 
Fine  Cooking 
Open    11    A.M.  to  4  A.M. 

(hung  Yong  Restaurant 

732   Jackson    Street 
Between  Grant  and  Stockton 

CHino   1950         San  Francisco 


MM 


Poge   10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


OUNA  M&  R££t£f  ASSN. 


.^    '-«... 


October,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Cage  11 


CHINATOWNIA 


Todays  TOTAL  RECEIPTS™0™ 
SHANGHAI  RKUGEgS 


WAR    RELIEF    ACTIVITIES    IN    CHINATOWN 

The  series  of  pictures  on  the  left  give  o  cross- 
section  of  San  Francisco  Chinatown's  activities 
during  the  past  month  as  the  community  girdles 
itself  to  raise  more  and  more  funds  for  refugee 
relief  and  in  making  medical  supplies  for  the 
wounded  and  the  sick  in  China's  war-torn  areas. 
Picture  No.  1  shows  the  banner  stretched  across 
the  portals  of  the  Chinese  Consolidated  Benevo- 
lent Association  (Six  Companies)  proclaiming 
the  headquarters  where  all  refugee  relief  funds 
are  turned  in.  Nos.  2  and  7  show  Chinatownians 
being  stopped  on  the  streets  by  refugee  relief 
solicitors  and  asked  to  contribute  their  shares. 
No.  3  shows  Dr.  Kalfred  Dip  Lum,  Kuomintang 
executive  member  recently  arrived  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, making  a  talk  before  several  hundred  peo- 
ple at  an  open-air  mass  meeting  commemorating 
the  6th  anniversary  of  Japan's  seizure  of  Man- 
churia. No.  4  shows  a  trio  of  relief  fund  solicitors 
taking  a  few  minutes  respite  in  Portsmouth  Square 
and  counting  their  receipts.  No.  5  reveals  a 
number  of  the  "shoeshiners'  brigade"  (see  details 
elsewhere  in  this  issue)  earning  a  nickel  for  war 
relief.  No.  6  shows  a  banner  hung  conspicuously 
in  front  of  a  congee  and  noodle  cafe  proclaim- 
ing the  fact  that  the  proceeds  of  three  days' 
sale  will  be  donated  entirely  to  war  relief,  while 
picture  No.  10  shows  a  newly  opened  restaurant 
announcing  that  their  first  day's  receipt  will  be 
given  for  the  same  purpose.  (The  day's  receipt 
was  close  to  one  hundred  dollars.)  Nos.  8  and  9 
picture  two  groups  of  Chinatown  housewives  mak- 
ing bandages  to  be  sent  to  the  Shanghai  war 
zone.  These  groups  are  organized  under  the 
name  of  the  Chinese  Medical  Relief  Committee 
and  sponsored  by  the  Chinese  American  Citizens' 
Alliance.  The  names  of  the  group  in  picture  No. 
9,  from  left  to  right  are:  Mrs.  May  Chan,  Mrs. 
Lim,  Mrs.  Robert  F.  Lym,  Mrs.  Alfred  Soo  Hoo, 
Mrs.  Lim  Foon,  Mrs.  C.  C.  Wing,  Mrs.  James 
Hall,  and  Mrs.  Ho. 


Page   12 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


October,   1937 


THE    JADE    BOX 


FOR  PRESTIGE 
AND  FACE 

For  prestige,  face,  or  honor,  men  have 
been  sentimentally  whipped  into  making 
and  tolerating  war.  Whether  in  single 
combat  or  in  groups,  they  have  gone  forth 
to  war  to  die  a  glorious  death,  so  they 
thought,  but  death  nevertheless.  And, 
paradoxically,  man  actually  can  be  made 
to  believe  that  to  die  is  more  beautiful 
than  to  live. 

But  women  know  better.  For  to  them 
empty  glory  can  neither  nil  empty  hearts 
nor  replace  hollow  hopes.  The  world 
torn  and  bleeding  from  the  barbarity  of 
war  is  but  the  pulling  on  the  heartstrings 
of  women  everywhere.  Relatively  speak- 
ing, women  actually  die  piecemeal  as  they 
watch  their  sons  taken  from  them  to  be 
slaughtered.  Mothers  suffer  from  the 
mutilations  and  bleeding  of  their  sons' 
bodies,  which  are  but  parcels  of  their 
own  flesh  and  precious  blood.  This  insuf- 
ferable agony  and  horrible  dying  bit  by 
bit  has  always  been  women's  lot  to  face 
— a  form  of  death  which  men  will  never 
be  capable  of  experiencing. 

For  this  reason,  men  never  knew  that 
women  have  always  longed  for  peace.  But 
now  men  are  coming  to  see  the  futility 


P'ing  Yu 

of  war  because  it  is  bad  economics.  War 
is  wasteful  and  destructive.  It  doesn't 
pay,  as  it  were,  so  men  are  ready  to  organ- 
ize for  the  preservation  of  peace.  Even 
the  idea  that  war  is  neither  right  nor  rea- 
sonable is  rapidly  gaining  favor  with 
them.  In  spite  of  war  bombs  and  planes 
raining  death  everywhere,  tremendous 
forces  are  at  work  to  influence  public 
opinion  to  make  effective  healthy  condi- 
tions of  peace.  Accordingly,  men  in  high 
places  and  men  of  wisdom  are  being  very 
helpful  in  that  they  are  actually  keeping 
calm  and  cool  in  the  face  of  much 
emotional  recklessness  and  mass  hysteria. 
This  situation  presages  world  sanity,  and 
I  daresay  it  can  go  a  long  way  in  control- 
ling war  as  unwarranted  sentiment  can 
make  war.  In  this  regard  the  world  ap- 
pears hopeful  to  me.  You  may  call  this 
wishful  thinking,  but  I  am  betting  on 
sane  thinking  to  win  peace.  The  reason 
is  simple,  for  there  is  really  no  reason 
for  war. 

Our  women  of  Chinatown  are  doing 
their  share  in  helping  China  and  the  world 
to  win  peace.  In  the  face  of  much  mad- 
ness and  unbridled  sentiment  they  are 
showing  their  restraint  and  much  of  it  is 
reflected  in  our  own  people.    Unlike  the 


last  time  when  war  raged  in  China  there 
has  been  no  attack  or  animosity  of  any 
kind  against  the  Japanese  people  here. 
There  has  been  no  thought  of  revenge  or 
retaliation.  Our  one  thought  has  been 
the  relief  of  the  victims  of  the  terroristic 
acts  of  the  Japanese  madmen.  The  wo- 
men of  our  community  are  to  be  compli- 
mented. Many  hours  have  been  spent  by 
them  in  the  making  of  flowers  and  lapel 
coins  for  money,  in  making  bandages 
and  in  mending  of  old  clothes  to  send 
across  the  sea  to  alleviate  suffering. 

Foremost  of  these  women  to  be  com- 
mended is  Dr.  Margaret  Chung  who  has 
through  her  winning  personality  won 
much  sympathy  and  generous  contribu- 
tions for  the  purchase  of  medical  sup- 
plies to  send  to  the  war  zone.  Others  de- 
serving praise  are  the  leaders  of  the  Chi- 
nese Y.W.C.A.  and  the  members  of  the 
Square  and  Circle  club.  The  former 
group  is  asking  other  women  of  the  com- 
munity to  work  unitedly  and  tangibly 
with  women  of  the  world  to  banish  war 
from  the  face  of  the  earth,  and  the  latter 
has  initiated  a  campaign  urging  the  wo- 
men of  Chinatown  to  minimize  the  use  of 
silk  in  the  hope  of  crippling  Japan's  eco- 
(Continued  on  p.  19,  col.  1) 


VOTE  YES  ON  NO.  1 

Subway  Rapid  Tansit  Bonds 
November  2 


Saves  travel  time  for  everybody 

Means  5-cent  fare  and  free  transfers 

Means  4,000  new  jobs  and  more  business  for  everyone 

Endorsed  by 

San  Francisco  Chamber  of  Commerce 
Junior  Chamber  of  Commerce  Building  Trades  Council 

Rapid  Transit  Committee 
Chinese  Trade  and  Travel  Association 


October,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  13 


HEALTH     HINTS 


CHINESE  NURSERY 
SCHOOL:  THE  FOOD  ASPECT 

Surrounded  by  26  tiny  future  citizens 
ranging  from  the  ages  of  two  and  one-half 
to  four  years  this  writer  interviewed  Miss 
Marjorie  Samples,  the  youthful  and  en- 
thusiastic head  teacher  of  the  Chinese 
Nursery  school  which  has  its  headquar- 
ters in  the  Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  The  more 
technical  aspects  of  the  school,  such  as 
its  inception  and  subsequent  founding, 
having  been  discussed  at  length  in  an 
earlier  issue  (Chinese  Digest  Feb.  28, 
1936),  I  visited  the  nursery  with  the  pri- 
mary object  of  obtaining  data  on  the 
types  of  meals  that  are  served  daily  to 
the  children.  We  were  interested  in  as- 
certaining how  Chinatown  tots  take  to  the 
"western"  diet  which  varies  so  widely 
from  their  native  Chinese  meals.  Miss 
Samples  submitted  several  weekly  menus 
for  our  perusal.  These  menus  are  planned 
by  the  teachers  and  nurse-in-charge  and 
represent  the  utlimate  in  health-giving 
foods.  A  few  herewith  were  picked  at 
random: 

1 
Creamed  eggs  on  toast 
Buttered  carrots  Milk 

Spinach  Sliced  peaches  and  cream 


Baked  sweet  potato 
Buttered  string  beans 
Cottage  cheese  on  shredded  lettuce 
Bread  and  butter 

Milk  Seedless  grapes 

3 

Liver  casserole  with 

Carrots,  peas,  and  potatoes  in  a  cream 

sauce 
Celery  and  apple  salad 
Buttered  crackers  Milk 

Jello  with  seedless  grapes  and  bananas 

4 
Salmon  patties  Dry  toast 

Creamed  potatoes  Milk 

Celery  strips  Jello 

In  referring  to  these  sample  meals,  one 
notes  the  abundant  use  of  milk  and  milk- 
products.  These  are  even  more  necessary 
to  the  Chinese  child  than  the  American 
because,  in  additional  to  their  nutritional 
value,  they  supply  the  much-needed  cal- 
cium, phosphorus,  and  Vitamin  A  ele- 
ments to  systems  which  have  never  had 
adequate  amounts  given  them.  Chinese 
foods  consist  more  of  meats  and  starches 
and  less  of  vegetables.  This  leads  to  ex- 
cessive acidity,  which  is  present  to  a 
greater  extent  in  the  Chinese  than  in  any 


other  race.  A  direct  consequence  of  this 
is  evidenced  in  Miss  Samples'  observation 
that  eczema  (skin  rash)  is  the  major  af- 
fliction of  the  children  admitted  to  the 
nursery  school.  Next  in  order  is  poor 
teeth.  Both  conditions  indicate  poorly- 
balanced  diets  and  need  for  minerals 
present  in  green  vegetables,  fruit,  and  the 
wholesome  products  of  milk. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  chil- 
dren themselves  have  learned  at  their 
tender  ages  to  adjust  themselves  to  non- 
acid  meals  and  to  reject  aciduous  foods. 

The  teachers  in  the  nursery  school  fol- 
low up  their  beneficial  work  by  educating 
parents  to  feed  their  children  the  proper 
foods  essential  to  their  healthful  growth 
when  they  are  at  home  or  away  from  the 
supervision  of  Miss  Samples  or  her  able 
assistants,  Mrs.  Mildred  Tomsik  and 
Miss  Rose  Giacomazzi. 

The  Chinese  nursery  school  has  been  in 
existence  since  April,  1934.  It  has  never 
wavered  in  its  three  and  one-half  years  in 
its  endeavor  to  assist  the  pre-school  chil- 
dren of  families  whose  incomes  are  lim- 
ited, where  both  parents  must  work  in 
order  to  make  ends  meet.  It  is  truly  a 
worthwhile  phase  of  the  Works  Progress 
Administration. 


CHINESE  PHYSICIANS  AND  DENTISTS  ENDO&SINd  ILK  AS  THE  IDEAL  FOOD 


ALICE  AH  TYE,  D.D.S. 
San  Francisco 


DAVID  K.  CHANG,  M.D. 
716  Pacific  St. 


A.  B.  CHINN,  M.D. 
755  Clay  St. 


HELEN  T.  CHINN,  M.D. 
755  Clay  St. 


HENRY  D.  CHEU,  M.D. 
869  Washington  St. 


MARGARET   CHUNG,  M.D. 
752  Sacramento  St. 


COLLIN  H.  DONG,  M.D. 
949    Stockton 


JAMES  H.  HALL,  M.D. 
848  Jackson  St. 


ALFRED  F.  JUE,  D.D.S. 
619    Kearny   St. 


S.  L.  H.  LAMB,  M.D. 
243  Joke  St. 


CHANG  W.  LEE,  D.D.S. 
San    Francisco 


DAN  LEE,  D.D.S. 
San  Francisco 


THEODORE  C.  LEE,  D.D.S. 
843  Clay  St. 

CHIN  Y.  LOW,  M.D. 
750  Grant  Ave. 

FRANK  T.  PARK,  D.D.S. 
25  Taylor  St. 

K.  C.  WONG,  D.D.S. 
823  Grant  Ave. 

ROSE  GOONG-WONG,  M.D. 
823  Grant  Ave. 

J.  T.  YEE,  D.D.S. 

640  Broadway 


■■ "^ 


Poge   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


A  MASK  OF  WAR 

Against  the  background  of  a  warlord's  mask  a  Chinatown  artist,  Miss  Stella  Wong  of 
Oakland,  visualizes  in  a  pen  and  ink  sketch  the  many  factors  involved  in  the  present  Sino- 
Japanese  undeclared  war  in  China.  The  left  side  of  the  mask  tells  China's  part  in  this  strug- 
gle, the  other,  Japan.    The  explanation  is  as  follows: 

DEFENSIVE  JAPAN-CHINA  (left  eye  represented  by  Chinese  flag);  UNITY  (left  part 
of  headdress  represented  by  a  horn);  NATURAL  ELEMENTS  IN  CHINA'S  FAVOR  (left  half  of 
face  represented  by  rain  and  mountains);  TERRITORIES  DESIRED  BY  JAPAN  FOR  ECONOMIC 
REASONS  (top  left  pompoms  representing  the  territories  and  also  bombs  thrown  in  Chinese 
soil  which  produces  cotton,  oil,  and  coal);  NATIONS  SYMPATHETIC  TO  CHINA  (lower  left 
beard  represented  by  flags  of  Russia,  Great  Britain,  and  France.    America   is  neutral). 

AGGRESSIVE  JAPAN— JAPAN  (right  eye  represented  by  Japanese  flag);  MILITARISM 
(right  part  of  headdress  represented  by  a  horn);  MECHANISED  ARMED  FORCES  (right  back- 
ground represented  by  airplanes  and  cannons);  CHINESE  TERRITORIES  SEIZED  BY  JAPAN 
(top  right  pompoms  representing  territories  taken  which  would  serve  as  bases  of  attack 
in  case  of  war  with  Russia);  NATIONS  WHICH  MAY  SIDE  WITH  JAPAN  (lower  right  beard 
represented  by  flags  of  Germany,  and  Italy.     U.  S.  neutral). 


16th  CONVENTION 

San  Francisco — With  delegations  from 
its  eight  branch  lodges  in  attendance,  the 
16th  national  national  biennial  conven- 
tion of  the  Chinese  American  Citizens  al- 
liance was  held  in  the  San  Francisco 
Grand  Lodge  headquarters  here  from 
Sept.  8  to  14.  Delegates  came  from  wide- 
ly separated  cities  such  as  Boston,  Chi- 
cago, Pittsburg,  Los  Angeles,  San  Diego, 
Fresno,  Portland,  and  Oakland. 


Significant  topics  such  as  equal  op- 
portunities for  American  citizens  of  Chi- 
nese descent,  immigration  laws  affecting 
Chinese,  and  the  betterment  of  the  liv- 
ing conditions  in  the  Chinese  communi- 
ties in  the  United  States  were  discussed. 

Newly  elected  officers  of  the  organiza- 
tions are  S.  K.  Lai,  grand  president;  Thos. 
Jung,  grand  vice-president;  Kenneth  Y. 
Fung,  grand  secretary;  Hong  Ling,  grand 
assistant  secretary;  Lee  Shee  Gang,  grand 


treasurer;  J.  Y.  Chew  and  Yee  Kam 
Chun,  grand  auditors;  Wm,  Wong,  grand 
marshal;  Thos.  F.  Leong,  grand  sentinel; 
and  the  following  grand  executives: 
Walter  U.  Lum,  Dr.  Theo  Lee,  Jack 
Chan,  G.  Lew,  Chan  Ming  Tuck,  Dr. 
Chas.  Lee,  and  Francis  Lai. 


30  CLUBS  UNITE 
IN  FEDERATION 

San  Francisco — As  a  result  of  the 
present  Sino-Japanese  conflict  in  China, 
30  young  people's  organizations  of  this 
city  and  the  East  Bay  have  recently 
united  forces  to  form  the  Federation  of 
Chinese  clubs.  The  immediate  aim  of 
the  FCC  is  the  sponsoring  of  benefit  pro- 
jects to  raise  funds  for  war  refugee  re- 
lief. Jack  Chow  is  chairman,  B.  F.  Lowe, 
treasurer,  and  Flora  Hall  is  secretary  of 
this  new  organization. 

Although  the  idea  of  a  federation  or 
alliance  of  young  people's  clubs  has  been 
brought  forward  before  by  various  club 
leaders,  yet  this  is  the  first  time  that  a 
federation  was  actually  attempted,  with 
success  in  bringing  so  many  groups  to- 
gether. It  is  estimated  that  the  30  organi- 
zations now  in  the  FCC  have  a  total  of 
at  least  500  individual  members. 

The  young  people's  organizations  that 
have  officially  joined  the  Federation  of 
Chinese  clubs  to  date  are:  Chinese  Patri- 
otic league;  Chinese  Sportsmen's  club; 
Square  and  Circle;  Fidelis  Coterie;  Phil- 
otasian  club;  Cathay  club;  Chitena  club; 
Wah  Ying  club;  Chinese  Center;  Delta 
Phi  Sigma;  Waku  auxiliary;  Chinese 
Y.  W.  C.  A.;  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.; 
U.  C.  Chinese  Students  club;  Sigma 
Omicron  Pi;  Yoke  Choy  club;  Catha- 
yans;  Chinese  Youth  circle;  Chinese  Art 
association;  307  club;  Stanford  Chinese 
Students  club;  Chinatown  Progressive 
association;  Chinatown  knights;  Interna- 
tional Workers  order;  Wah  Sung  club; 
Tri    Chi;    Chinese    Christian    Fellowship 


Bartending 

Taught  in  30  Days 
UNION    INSTRUCTORS 

Once  a  Member  Always 
a  Member 

No  time  limit 

Standard  Bartending 
School 


49   Maiden    Lane 


EXbrook  8104 


October,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  15 


CHINATOWNIA 


council;  Chinese  Theater  guild;  Chinese 
Catholic  Young  Men's  associatiom;  and 
Boy  Scout  troop  No.  3. 

The  Federation  is  maintaining  temp- 
orary headquarters  at  the  Chinese  Sports- 
men's club,  758  Sacramento  street. 
Tickets  for  the  November  6  dance  may 
be  secured  by  writing  to  that  address. 
Out  of  town  youth  organizations  will  be 
invited  to  attend  this  coming  affair. 


KOREANS  IN  U.  S.,  CUBA, 
AND  MEXICO  TO  AID  CHINA 

San  Francisco — More  than  2,500  Ko- 
reans in  the  United  States,  Mexico,  and 
Cuba  have  organized  themselves  to  help 
the  sick  and  the  wounded  in  China's 
war  zones  through  a  refugee  relief  cam- 
paign. 

According  to  C.  S.  Shynn,  editor  of  the 
New  Korea,  weekly  organ  of  the  Korean 
National  association,  published  here,  his 


people  in  this  country,  though  small  in 
number,  have  pledged  to  aid  the  Chinese 
people  in  their  present  fight  for  libera- 
tion and  national  independence.  The  sym- 
pathy of  the  people  in  Korea  are  all  for 
China  in  the  present  Sino-Japanese  con- 
flict, but  because  they  are  being  ruled  by 
the  iron  hand  of  Japan  they  cannot  aid 
China  in  any  way. 

However,  the  overseas  Koreans  in 
America  have  freedom  of  action,  said 
Mr.  Shynn,  and  they  will  utilize  that  free- 
dom to  help  in  China's  cause.  Through 
the  Korean  National  association,  which 
has  branches  wherever  a  sizable  group  of 
Koreans  are  found,  it  is  hoped  that  at 
least  several  thousand  dollars  U.  S. 
money  may  be  raised  in  a  short  time  and 
sent  to  China  for  refugee  relief. 

Mr.  Shynn  revealed  that  many  able 
bodied  Koreans  in  China  have  volun- 
teered their  services  to  the  Chinese  govern- 
ment as  soldiers. 


CARD  OF  THANKS 
QUON — We  wish  to  extend  our  heartfelt  thanks  to  all  those  who  so  kindly  assisted 
and  for  the  words  of  sympathy  and  beautiful  floral  offerings  extended  at  the  death 
of  our  beloved  mother. 

Mr.  George  Quon  Mr.  Wallace  Quon 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  Quon  Miss  Virginia  Quon 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Quon  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dong  Lin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  Quon  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dong  Wah 


WHAT  INITIATIVE 
ORDINANCE  PROPOSITION 
NO.  8  EMBODIES 

The  anti-picketing  ordinance  is  meant 
to  be  an  effective  check  upon  violence  and 
public  disorder,  by  making  picketing, 
which  provokes  and  encourages  violence, 
unlawful.  It  is  NOT  directed  against 
legitimate  union  activities  and  organiza- 
tions. 

All  law  abiding  citizens  with  the  pros- 
perity of  San  Francisco  at  heart  should 
espouse  the  passage  of  the  ordinance  by 
voting  "YES"  at  the  polls  on  November 
2nd.  It  is  not  the  interests  of  the  worker 
and  the  employer  that  are  chiefly  involved 
in  San  Francisco  today.  The  very  future, 
the  progress  and  prosperity  of  the  city 
itself  are  at  stake.  Our  harbor  will  be- 
come a  port  forgotten  by  ships;  and  in- 
dustries, and  business  will  continue  to 
lose  ground  to  other  Pacific  Coast  cities; 
no  new  business  or  new  industry  may  be 
expected  to  locate  in  San  Francisco,  un- 
less San  Francisco  reestablishes  mainte- 
nance of  law  and  order  and  assures  to  all 
its  citizens  peace  and  security  in  carrying 
on  the  normal  functions  of  organized 
society.  .  .  .  Vote  "YES"  on  Proposi- 
tion No.  8.  .  .  .  Election  November  2nd. 
.  .  .  Advt. 


PEACE   AT   HOME 

PREVENT  PICKETING 
END 

Violence,  Disorder, 
Assaults,  injuries, 
Intimidation,  Loss 
of  Wages,  Break- 
down of  Law  and 
Order 

For  the  Security  and  Welfare 

of 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

VOTE        YES        ON  No.  8 

Anti  Picketing  Ordinance  Election  Nov.  2 
Committee  "For"  Anti-Picketing  Ordinance 


ROOM  1821 


111   Sutter  St. 


Page   16 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


October,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINESE  IN  U.  S.  CONTINUE 
FUND-RAISING  FOR 
CHINA  REFUGEE  RELIEF 

Throughout  the  last  half  of  August 
and  the  first  half  of  September  the  citi- 
zens of  every  Chinese  community  in 
America  continued  to  pour  in  money  for 
medical  and  refugee  relief  for  their  suf- 
fering brethren  in  China  who  had  been 
caught  in  the  maelstrom  of  the  Sino- 
Japanese  undeclared  war.  The  funds  com- 
ing in  from  direct  contributions  were  just 
as  heavy  as  the  money  taken  in  from  the 
sale  of  hand-made  flowers  and  benefit 
shows  of  various  kinds,  from  Chinese 
operas  to  dances. 

In  less  than  three  weeks  the  Chinese 
Six  Companies  in  San  Francisco,  head 
organization  of  the  community,  had  filled 
its  war  relief  quota  of  #1,000,000  (Chi- 
nese) from  direct  contributions.  When 
the  huge  fund  was  duly  audited  and  dis- 
patched to  China  through  the  Bank  of 
Canton,  the  various  committees  huddled 
around  the  long  assembly  table  in  the  Six 
Companies'  headquarters  to  devise  other 
means  to  raise  additional  funds.  Never 
in  the  history  of  this  organization  has  so 
much  midnight  oil  been  burned  as  the 
community  leaders  gathered  their  forces 
together  to  back  up  their  home  govern- 
ment. The  shade  of  Sun  Yat-Sen,  arch- 
patriot,  and  founder  of  the  Chinese  re- 
public, who  once  before  had  whipped  up 
the  patriotic  fervor  of  the  older  genera- 
tion of  this  Chinatown,  seemed  to  hover 
over  the  community,  exerting  his  undy- 
ing power  and  his  influence  from  that 
other  land  which  divides  the  living  and 
the  dead.  "Well  done!  my  countrymen!" 
one  seemed  to  hear  him  say. 

Meanwhile  other  organizations  were 
hard  at  work  to  supplement  the  Six  Com- 
panies' efforts.  A  medical  relief  commit- 
tee was  set  up  by  the  Native  Sons'  or- 
ganization to  make  bandages  and  other 
medical  supplies  desperately  needed  at 
the  war  zone.  A  thousand  dollars'  worth 
of  antitoxins  was  swiftly  dispatched  to 
China  via  the  Philippine  clipper,  followed 
by  a  shipment  of  bandages  and  antiseptics 
by  a  Dollar  liner. 

A  woman's  organization  obtained 
slightly  over  one  thousand  dollars  through 
selling  hand-made  paper  flowers  in  the 
streets.  Dr.  Margaret  Chung  sponsored 
a  benefit  vaudeville  show  to  raise  expenses 
for  a  gigantic  benefit  performance  to  be 
announced  later. 

Patriotism  in  the  community  was  kept 
up  by  street  broadcast  of  the  latest  war 


CHINA  STATION 

Above  is  the  interior  of  the  San  Francisco  Chinatown  post  office — only  one  of  its  kind 
in  the  country — which  serves  the  community's  16,000  population.  Established  only  seven  years 
ago  after  much  difficulty  in  convincing  the  post  office  department  of  its  advisability,  it  has 
now  become  an  essential  part  of  the  community,  as  necessary  as  its  own  telephone  exchange. 
China  Station  will  be  inspected  by  hundreds  of  postmasters  when  the  National  Association 
of  Postmasters  holds  its  convention  here  on  October  19,  20,  and  21.  It  is  reported  that 
Postmaster  General  Jim  Farley  will  also  visit  this  station. 

China  Station  is  managed  by  a  staff  of  three  Chinese,  Jue  S.  Kim,  Leland  Kim  Lou,  and 
Lawrence  Leong.    It  is  located  at  753  Clay  street,  opposite  the  west  side  of  Portsmouth  Square. 


news  and  by  mass  meetings.  On  Sept. 
18,  commemorating  the  anniversary 
of  the  Japanese  invasion  of  Manchuria, 
a  mass  meeting  was  held  in  which 
the  chief  speaker  was  Dr.  Kalfred  Dip 
Lum,  Hawaiian  born  Chinese  who  is  now 
a  member  of  an  executive  committee  of 
the  Kuomantang.  Recently  returned 
from  China,  Dr.  Lum  gave  a  resume  of 
the  events  leading  up  to  the  present  con- 
flict between  China  and  Japan.  On  Sept. 
26  Dr.  Hu  Shih,  China's  famed 
leader  of  the  literary  renaissance,  also 
just  arrived  from  China,  spoke  to  several 
hundred  Chinatownians  and  told  them 
how  China  is  fighting  to  preserve  the 
nation. 

War  relief  activities  of  other  Chinese 
communities  were  also  many  and  diverse 
in  nature.  A  few  of  them  reported  were: 

The  handful  of  Chinese  in  Colon, 
Panama,  raised  #10,800.  Many  women 
pawned  their  jewelry  for  contributions. 

Twenty-three-year-old  Jim  Lee  of  Co- 
lusa, California,  a  trained  flyer,  was  re- 
ported to  have  drawn  out  his  life  savings 
from  his  bank  and  returned  to  China  to 
join  the  government  air  corps. 


The  Chinese  in  New  England,  most  of 
whom  are  in  Boston,  raised  approximately 
#150,000  (Chinese). 

In  Portland  the  China  Relief  commit- 
tee, a  federation  of  all  Chinese  clubs  in 
that  city,  will  sponsor  a  bazaar  and  car- 
nival called  "A  Night  in  Cathay"  on 
Oct.  15  and  16  for  refugee  relief.  The 
Portland  Chinese  contributed  #30,000 
U.  S.  money  previously. 

In  Seattle,  it  was  reported,  #40,000 
U.  S.  money  was  raised  from  the  Chi- 
nese in  the  State  of  Washington.  Of  this, 
#229  was  from  the  sale  of  flowers  in  Seat- 
tle's Chinatown,  while  the  Chinese  Wom- 
en's club  contributed  #6,700.  This  city, 
although  without  a  Chinese  newspaper 
of  its  own,  is  being  kept  informed  of 
the  Sino-Japanese  war  through  mimeo- 
graphed sheets  prepared  by  the  com- 
munity's leading  organization. 

Altogether,  by  the  latter  part  of  Sep- 
tember, more  than  two  million  dollars 
Chinese  currency  has  been  contributed 
for  medical  and  refugee  relief  by  the  75,- 
000  Chinese  in  the  United  States.  And 
plans  are  being  made  to  raise  more  with- 
in the  next  few  months. 


October,  1937 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  17 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 

Patriotism  for  the  Motherland  reached 
a  new  peak  in  America  among  us  over- 
seas Chinese.  Here  and  everywhere, 
older  folks  are  continuing  with  their  ef- 
forts to  raise  more  money.  A  fine  ex- 
ample is  Seattle,  which  has  a  Chinese 
colony  of  approximately  2,000  and  has 
raised  over  #100,000. 

Stockton's  small  Chinese  community 
swelled  the  fund  with  its  #120,000.  .  .  . 
Good  work!  Young  Chinese  everywhere 
are  also  pitching  in  wholeheartedly  to 
promote  affairs  to  raise  more  money  for 
the  defense  of  our  Homeland.  .  .  .  One 
of  the  most  aggressive  organizations  in 
S.  F.  is  the  newly  formed  Federation  of 
Chinese  clubs,  composed  of  over  30 
prominent  young  people's  organizations. 
...  Its  main  purpose  is  to  raise  more 
money  for  war  relief.  .  .  .  Chairman 
Jack  Chow  announced  a  gigantic  bene- 
fit dance  on  Nov.  6  at  the  Scottish 
Rite  auditorium.  A  dragon  dance  and 
entertainment  galore  will  fill  the  pro- 
gram. .  .  .  Another  dance,  which  will  be 
for  the  Medical  Relief  fund  is  Wah 
Ying's  annual  masquerade  ball  on  Oct. 
16  at  the  same  place.  .  .  .  Charming 
Blossom  Ah  Tye  of  Stockton  will  be 
featured  in  a  tap  number.  .  .  .  The 
Portland  Chinese  Girls  club  added  a  nice 
sum  of  money  to  the  War  fund  at  the 
conclusion  of  its  successful  benefit  dance. 
.  .  .  The  benefit  skating  party  by  the 
Chinese  Aviation  club  will  be  on  Oct. 
30.  .  .  .  Another  Portland  young  Chi- 
nese's project  is  a  fashion  show,  "A 
Night  in  Cathay."  ...  It  will  be  heav- 
enly to  feast  our  eyes  upon  such  beau- 
ties as  Madeline  Chin,  Pearl  and  Jessie 
Lee,  Mrs.  Benjamin  Lee,  Pearl  Jean 
Wong  and  many,  many  others — model- 
ing to  the  soft  dreamy  melodies  of  old 
Cathay.  Where  would  be  a  better  spot  to 
vacation  than  Portland  on  Oct.  15  and 
16?  .  .  .  Sacramento's  young  Chinese 
are  also  hard  at  work  on  plans  for  a  bene- 
fit dance  there  during  November.  .  .  . 
The  younger  set  of  Tucson,  Arizona, 
and  the  C.  G.  A.  of  Seattle  are  also  plan- 
ning for  similar  fund  events.  .  .  .  The 
Chinese  Patriotic  League's  benefit  dance 
will  be  at  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  on  Oct.  2, 
with  music  donated  by  Chinatown 
Knights.  .  .  .  The  Chinese  Student  club 
of  Commerce  high  school  changed  their 
semi-annual  Bulldog  dance  to  a  benefit 
dance   and   it   was   well   attended.    All 


these  events  are  for  a  fine  cause,  folks, 
so  if  you  can,  attend  each  and  every  one 
of  them!!! 

All  dressed  in  their  native  costumes, 
Violet  Wong,  Mary  Fong,  Annie  Tom, 
Helen  Leong,  May  Ginn,  Frances  Wong, 
Alice  Young,  Emily  Jung,  Mary  Lum, 
Ruby  Leong,  Clara  Chan,  May  Fung, 
Mary  Chan,  and  Franche  Lee  did  their 
part  selling  tickets  at  Dreamland  audi- 
torium on  a  fight  nite  for  the  Dr.  Mar- 
garet Chung  benefit  show  for  medical 
war  relief.  After  an  appeal  by  Chas.  P. 
Low  the  crowd  bought  about  200  tickets. 
.  .  .  Incidentally,  the  show  was  a  huge 
success.  Li  Tei  Ming  captivated  the  audi- 
ence with  her  songs  and  personality,  while 
the  Square  and  Circle  girls  put  on  a  nice 
dance  number.  The  show  was  grand  and 
lasted  from  midnight  to  4  a.  m.  But  no- 
body went  to  sleep.  .  .  . 

New  York's  young  people  also  have  an 
enthusiastic  patriotic  club — the  Young 
People's  League,  composed  of  the  Chinese 

A.  C.  the  Edserbros  club,  the  Jeune-Doc 
club  and  the  Ging  Hawk  club.  Their 
first  fund-raising  affair  was  a  boat  ride 
which  drew  over  1200  people  and  netted 
over  #5,500.  .  .  .  The  Chinese  Women's 
Patriotic  League  and  the  Jeune-Doc  girls 
sold  "flowers"  (ribbon  on  a  pin)  in  N.  Y. 
Chinatown.  .  .  . 

A  genial  driver  of  a  soda  pop  wagon 
who  rejoiced  with  us  over  the  recent  Chi- 
nese victories  in  war-torn  Shanghai 
parked  his  truck  on  Grant  avenue  and 
invited  all  the  youngsters  to  help  them- 
selves. .  .  .  Thanks,  Mister!  . . .  Arthur 
Yee  (Bobo  to  his  pals),  his  face  deeply 
tanned  by  his  native  Marysville  sun  and 
wearing  a  fancy  shirt  and  tie,  drove  all 
around  L.  A.  trying  to  locate  Broadway 
street.  Unable  to  find  the  street  after  a 
long  search,  he  drew  up  to  the  curb 
and  asked  a  hayseedy  looking  gent 
loitering  there  for  the  direction.  The 
gent  stared  hard  at  him  for  a  moment 
and  exclaimed,  "Oh,  you  want  to  find 
the  other  Filipino  boys,  huh?"  .  .  .  Bobo 
got  raving  mad!?  !  .  .  .  Rupert  Fong 
and  Jack  and  Peter  Chow  of  Vancouver, 

B.  C,  recently  visited  Seattle  and  Port- 
land. The  Seattle  girls  think  they  are 
dashing  and  the  Portlanders  think  they 
are  grand?!!  Ah,  to  be  in  their  shoes!! 
.  .  .  The  S.  F.  Chinese  Tennis  club  gave 
an  award  party  at  the  N.  S.  G.  S.  hall 
for  its  members.  Chitena  Block  "C's" 
were  awarded  to  members  of  the  first, 
second,  and  women's  teams.  .  .  .  China- 
town is  going  to  lose  one  of  its  most  ver- 
satile athletes  when  George  Jo-Jo  Chinn 


makes  tracks  for  Yuma,  Arizona,  where 
a  fine  position  awaits  him — lotta  luck, 
Georgie!  .  .  .  Richard  Wong  of  S.  F. 
is  an  intern  in  the  L.  A.  County  hos- 
pital. He  is  preparing  for  his  M.  D.  de- 
gree in  January.  .  .  .  Ork  leader  Jan 
Garber  announced  one  nite  on  his  radio 
program,  "I  want  to  dedicate  the  next 
number  to  my  good  friend,  Fred  Ong 
of  Marysville."  .  .  .  Nice  to  have  a 
friend  like  him,  Fred.  Ask  him  to  play 
for  our  War  Refugee  Fund  dance.  .  .  . 
Bet  that  will  pack  any  hall!!  .  .  .  Ruby 
"Ah  Low"  Fung  reluctantly  left  our  fair 
city  to  make  her  home  in  Seattle  with  her 
father,  Fung  S.  Ming,  who  is  in  the  im- 
migration service  there.  Don't  sigh  too 
much  for  deah  ole  Cal,  Ruby,  your  new 
friends  up  there,  Ellen  and  Helen  Eng 
will  help  you  pas^  the  long  hours  away. 
.  .  .  When  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  Woo 
(formerly  Bessie  Kai-Kee)  arrived  at  the 
Waldorf-Astoria  for  their  honeymoon,  a 
Chinese  national  standard  was  hoisted  on 
the  flagpole.  It  seems  that  they  were  not 
the  only  "distinguished"  guests  registered 
— A  Chinese  government  official  was  also 
staying  there.  .  .  .  Helen  Lum  of  Bak- 
ersfield  loves  football.  .  .  .  And  that's 
why  one  certain  tall  and  handsome  foot- 
ball star  clicked  so  smoothly  with  her  on 
her  last  visit  to  town.  .  .  .  Her  sister, 
Pauline  was  in  town  for  two  weeks'  stay 
and  hit  all  the  gay  nite  spots  of  the  city. 
.  .  .  Bakersfield's  Al  Lum,  Henry  Wong, 
Sam  Lum,  Bill  Ko,  Bill  Lee,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Joe  Ching  (Ruth  Leong) ,  and  a 
great  crowd  from  the  Bay  Region,  Sac- 
ramento, and  L.  A.  enjoyed  the  Stock- 
ton Wolves  Club's  benefit  dance  on  La- 
bor day.  .  .  .  This  hard  working  club 
turned  in  a  huge  sum  of  money  to  the 
war  relief  fund.  .  .  .  The  Bakersfield 
Mei  Lan  club  elected  Edith  Lum,  prexy; 


tf-aod   Contentment 

SHAMTAI 

(On  Lock  Yuan) 

Lunches  and  Dinners 

Sandwiches 

Soft  Drinks 

Bakery 

672  Jackson  St.        CHina  1921 

Under  New  Management 
HALMER  WONG  PETER  LEW 


Page  18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


Bessie  Sue,  secretary;  and  Edna  Jung, 
social  chairman  for  the  coming  term. 
.  .  .  Mary  Sue,  former  prexy  and  pres- 
ent treasurer  of  the  club  enjoyed  a  brief 
but  delightful  visit  here  recently.  .  .  . 
She  thrilled  at  the  "sky-ride"  over  the 
Golden  Gate  bridge  and  left  a  certain 
boy  just  dreaming  of  romance  in  the  air. 
.  .  .  Lanky  Jack  Look  is  now  with  a 
large  wholesale  paper  concern.  He  sells 
paper  by  the  roll,  by  the  box,  and  by 
the  sheet!!  .  .  .  Seattle's  Mabel  Locke, 
all-around  girl  athlete  who  stars  on  the 
baseball  diamond  and  basketball  court, 
is  looking  for  new  fields  to  conquer.  She 
has  taken  up  tennis  by  the  correspond- 
ence method  with  a  certain  young  S.  F. 
netster.  .  .  .  The  score  is  Love  one!! 
.  .  .  Sue  Wong,  popular  young  lady  of 
Portland  is  going  to  New  York  for  an 
indefinite  stay.  .  .  .  Dr.  William  Poy, 
on  the  staff  of  the  Hackett  Medical  hos- 
pital returned  for  a  visit  to  his  home 
town,  Portland,  with  his  godmother,  Dr. 
Loa.  .  .  .  Scores  of  Portlanders  went  up 
to  Seattle  for  the  inter-city  tennis  match. 
They  were  entertained  by  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Dan  Goon  and  their  sons,  Vincent  and 
Clifton  at  an  elaborate  house  party  with 
dance  ork,  sweets  an'  everythin'.  .  .  . 
Marjorie  Koe  and  Edward  Leong  of  S.  F. 
visited  the  Pacific  Northwest  and  took 
in  all  of  Seattle's  most  exclusive  nite 
clubs.  .  .  .  Mayme  Jeanne  Locke  and 
her  mother  and  brothers,  Edward  and 
William,  arrived  in  Seattle  after  a  year's 
visit  in  China.  .  .  .  Beau  Brummel  Art 
Yim  wore  out  two  pairs  of  shoes  and  bit 
off  all  his  fingernails  while  waiting  for  the 
6:40  train  to  pull  in  from  Portland.  Did 
the  "Moon  Festival"  have  anything  to 
do  with  your  anxiety,  Art?  .  .  . 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jerry  Cbong  (the  for- 
mer Ruby  Fung  of  S.  F.)  recently  com- 
pleted their  beautiful  new  summer  home 
in  Honolulu.  .  .  .  Mr.  Chong  is  an 
artist  on  the  staff  of  the  Honolulu  Ad- 
vertiser. Now  baby  Jacqueline  will  have 
the  whole  yard  to  play  in,  eh,  Ruby? 
.  .  .  Amy  Leong,  prominent  in  Y.  W. 
C.  A.  and  The  Business  Girl  League's 
activities  operates  her  own  beauty  shop 
on  the  Island.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Archibald 
Mark  (Nora  Wong)  is  instructress  of 
econ.  at  the  U.  of  Hawaii.  .  .  .  Howard 
Ah  Tye,  former  grid  star  known  as  "the 
Chinese  Humming  Bird"  in  the  heyday 
of  his  football  career  is  now  flitting  hither 
and  thither  on  the  tennis  courts. .  .  . 
Philip  Nibb  and  Walter  Lee  drove  down 
from  Victoria  B.  C.  to  bask  in  the  radi- 
ance of  our  California  sunshine.  .  . 
Peter  Lee   showed   Frisco  to  an  out  of 


town  gal  .  .  .  from  the  air!!  .  .  .  Spark- 
ling Pearl  Lee  of  Portland  and  Frank 
and  Helen  Hong  of  Seattle  were  other 
Northerners  in  our  state  .  .  .  Did  you 
all  enjoy  your  stay???  .  .  .  Leah  Hing 
of  Portland  crashed  in  an  airplane  ac- 
cident at  Seattle.  .  .  . 

May  Don,  cashier  in  one  of  Tucson's 
larger  grocery  stores  and  Lawrence  Lee 
were  entertained  by  Henry  Lee  and  Bob 
Tom,  on  their  recent  trip  to  California. 
. . .  Frances  Jung,  former  San  Mateo  J.  C. 
net  star  is  now  attending  San  Jose  State. 
She  is  majoring  in  Ph.  Ed.  and  is  a  jun- 
ior. .  .  .  Whenever  Rose  "Pinky"  Woo 
(R.  W.)  is  flustered,  she  blushes  gen- 
uinely to  a  beautiful  crimson.  This  is  in- 
deed rare,  'cuz  nowadays  a  gal  is  em- 
barrassed when  she  blushes  whereas  an 
ol'  fashioned  maid  blushed  only  when  she 
was  embarrassed!!  .  .  .  Francis  Young  is 
now  in  business  for  himself.  He  is  run- 
ning his  own  dry  cleaning  office.  .  .  . 
Dr.  Raymond  L.  Ng  of  Oakland  now 
has  a  modern  office  on  this  side  of  the 
bay,  at  Kung  On  Co.,  .  .  .  May  Lee, 
one  of  the  most  popular  girls  in  Burlin- 
game  is  attending  San  Mateo  J.  C.  .  .  . 
Jane  and  Ruth  Lee  of  San  Mateo  wel- 
comed their  sisters,  Mrs.  George  Toy 
(Mary  Lee)  of  Bakersfield  and  Mrs. 
William  Chinn  (Merice  Lee)  of  L.  A. 
to  the  ole  home  town  for  a  vacation.  .  .  . 
Edwin  Luke,  brother  of  Keye  Luke  of 
the  movies  has  a  nice  job  with  the  Holly- 
wood Reporter.  .  .  .  Louie  Fay  was  a 
recent  vistor  to  Watsonville.  "Whooshee" 
this  time?  .  .  .  Donald  De  Bock  was  a 
two-year  letterman  in  tennis  at  Holly- 
Hi  before  going  to  U.  C.  L.  A.  where 
he  played  in  the  freshman  team.  He  is 
at  present  taking  up  mine  engineering  at 
L.  A.  J.  C.  .  .  .  and  a  star  on  the  L. 
A.  Chinese  Tennis  Club  team.  .  .  .  John 
Low  of  Coolidge,  Arizona,  has  been  va- 
cationing in  S.  F.  as  did  Nui  Bo  Tang 
of  Phoenix.  .  .  .  Romeos  from  up  and 
down  this  state  of  ours  are  going  right 
after  the  Cheung  sisters  of  Grass  Valley. 
.  .  .  Competition  is  keen,  and  no  won- 
der, you'd  join  in  the  rush  too,  if  you've 
seen  one  of  their  pictures!!  .  .  .  New 
members  Grace  Wong,  Elaine  Chinn, 
Pansy  Leong,  Vera  Lee,  Pearl  Mew,  May 
Lum,  and  Rubye  Foo  were  initiated  into 
the  Square  and  Circle  in  an  evening  of 
fun  and  gayety.  .  .  .  Twas  midnite,  I 
heard  a  buzzing  sound  .  .  .  and  lo!  Gil- 
bert Ong  astride  one  of  those  new  fang- 
led  motorized  scooters  dashing  between 
two  cars  on  Grant  avenue.  .  .  .  His  nose 
was  plenty  red,  so  I  imagine  it  must  be 
the  cold  breeze.  .  .  .  Some  of  the  mem- 


bers of  the  "786"  club  of  Oakland  with 
Eva  Jue  as  prexy,  Dorothy  Quart,  Edythe 
Jan,  Dorothy  Chew,  Vivian  Jung,  May 
Lew,  Anne  Wong,  and  Laura  Lum  re- 
cently gave  a  party  in  honor  of  Kather- 
in  Eng  of  Texas.  .  .  .S'funny  but  why 
did  you  gals  pick  S.  F.  to  do  your  cele- 
brating in???!!  .  .  .  Well,  be  seein'  ya. 
.  .  .  H.  K.  Wong. 


SINO-JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Continued  from  p.  6) 
that  one  of  their  famous  generals,  Gen. 
Shegeo  Fujii,  and  a  Manchukuan  general, 
Gen.  Chang  Chia-Yu,  who  were  directing 
operations  against  Chinese  troops  north- 
west of  Peiping,  had  been  killed  by  their 
own  men,  mutinying  to  fight  against 
Japan. 

On  the  first  day  of  September  China 
sent  a  note  to  the  League  of  Nations  ad- 
visory committee  on  China,  detailing  the 
course  of  the  present  Sino-Japanese  con- 
flict, accusing  Japan  of  refusal  to  settle 
issues  by  negotiation,  or  deliberate  ag- 
gression on  China  and  violation  of  trea- 
ties. This  note  was  considered  as  a  pre- 
liminary step  to  China's  formal  appeal 
to  the  League  a  few  days  hence. 

Meanwhile  Japan's  "major  offensive" 
in  Shanghai,  announced  days  before,  was 
not  making  any  headway.  On  3  points 
along  an  irregular  front  of  1000  miles 
the  Chinese  launched  savage  counter  at- 
tacks on  Japanese  troops,  fighting  their 
way  back  into  the  Pootung  area  and 
staging  a  furious  attack  at  Woosung, 
river  port  at  the  mouth  of  the  Whang- 
poo.  Chinese  casualties  resulting  from 
the  Woosung  fight  totaled  more  than 
5,000  within  48  hours. 

Throughout    the    week    the    Japanese 

lost  grounds  at  Shanghai.    Fighting  with 

inspired  hatred,  with  fury  and  with  des- 

(Continued  on  p.  19,  col.  2) 


M  Unte.  to. 


Varsity  Suits 

$30-35 

Other  Suits 

$30  up 

Overcoats 

$30  up 

RooaBro* 


Market    at    Stockton 


October,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  19 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


HUMANITARIANISM 
OR  BARBARISM 

(Continued  from  p.  5,  col.  3) 
chine-gunned    their   vehicles    in   spite   of 
their  flags  and  insignia." 

The  insignia  of  the  Red  Cross  is  inter- 
nationally recognized  as  the  emblem  of 
mercy.  Civilized  nations  have  all  learned 
to  respect  this  emblem  so  as  to  mitigate 
the  sufferings  of  warfare.  The  failure  of 
the  Japanese  to  observe  such  rules  shows 
that  the  Japanese  people  have  not  only 
diregarded  international  laws  and  con- 
ventions but  have  also  grossly  violated  the 
principles  of  human  decency. 

In  short,  their  cruelty  is  shocking. 
Their  atrocities  are  abhorrent.  Japanese 
"humanitarianism"  is  a  farce.  And  the 
world  should  put  a  stop  to  such  bar- 
barism! 

Since  the  writing  of  this  article,  the 
United  Press  has  released  its  tabulation 
of  the  total  number  of  Chinese  non- 
combatants  killed  by  Japanese  air  raids 
in  Shanghai,  Canton,  and  other  cities  in 
central  China,  as  amounting  to  7,150 
Three  thousand  Chinese  civilians  were 
killed  in  Canton  in  one  day. — Tsu  Pan. 


AMERICA  AND  THE  CONFLICT 

(Continued  from  page  7) 
for  a  Pacific  Pact  which  shall  embrace  all 
powers  willing  to  join  together  to  es- 
tablish lasting  conditions  of  peace  in  the 
Pacific  area.  Such  a  pact,  binding  the 
signatories  to  take  effective  measures  to 
penalize  aggression,  will  be  the  best  pos- 
sible assurance  that  Japan's  invasion  of 
China  will  not  usher  in  a  new  world  war." 
— R.  A.  Howell,  in  China  Today. 
o 

JADE  BOX 

(Continued  from  p.  12,  col.  3) 
nomic  ability  and  staying  the  hands  of 
her  militarists. 

I  think  this  is  a  praiseworthy  example  of 
women  everywhere  who  are  wholehearted- 
ly for  the  cause  of  sane  thinking  and 
intelligent  restraint  for  the  winning  and 
preservation  of  peace.  But  are  our  pres- 
tige-seeking and  face-saving  men  ready 
to  help  them? 


THE  NORTH  CHINA  PROBLEM 

(Continued  from  p.  8,  col.  3) 
mintang  conclave  and  on   various  occa- 
sions afterward. 

What  will  come  next?  the  author  asks 
in  conclusion.  Only  the  Japanese  can 
answer,  he  declared.  The  Chinese  posi- 
tion is  a  clear  one. 


SINO-JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Continued  from  18,  col.  3) 

peration,  Chinese  soldiers  charged  in  the 
face  of  artillery  and  cannon  fire,  driving 
back  not  only  Japanese  forces  attempting 
to  land,  but  causing  Japanese  warships 
to  get  out  of  range  of  heavy  artillery 
and  machine  gun  fire.  Even  the  Japan- 
ese airplanes  which  continually  seek  out 
Chinese  military  concentrations  for  bomb- 
ing, failed  to  drive  them  out  of  their 
positions. 

So  desperate  was  the  Japanese  posi- 
tion that  a  spokesman  for  Admiral  Has- 
egawa,  commander  of  the  Japanese  third 
battle  fleet,  announced  that  "the  im- 
perial navy  may  have  to  change  its  atti- 
tude and  attack  Chinese  civilian  areas." 
Within  48  hours  of  this  announcement 
the  Chinese  had  hurled  back  Japan's 
"big  push,"  killing  hundreds  of  Japanese 
troops,  broke  their  lines  in  five  places  and 
put  to  flight  eight  Japanese  transports. 
Japan's  only  effective  retaliation  was  to 
extend  the  naval  blockade  to  all  of 
China's  coast  of  2,150  miles  to  the  South 
China  seas. 

In  North  China,  however,  the  Japanese 
were  gaining  grounds.  Having  seized 
Nankow  Pass  and  Kalgan,  the  Japanese 
forces  were  operating  in  a  triangle  to 
capture  all  stategic  positions  in  Chahar 
and  northern  Shansi — from  Machang 
southward  to  Tientsin,  thence  westward 
to  points  near  Paoting,  thence  northward 
into  Chahar  province,  and  finally  thrust- 
ing into  northern  Shansi.    Machang  was 


the  next  immediate  objective. 

The  Japanese  navy  extended  the  war 
to  South  China  when  several  of  their 
warships  shelled  Sanwei,  Houmen,  and 
Makung  in  Kwangtung  province,  not 
far  from  Hongkong.  Shelled  also  were 
Swatow  and  Amoy.  Japanese  planes  re- 
visited Nanking  and  other  interior  towns, 
bombed  and  killed  civilians  without 
warning. 

At  the  end  of  the  first  week  in  Sep- 
tember Japan  opened  a  combined  land, 
aerial,  and  naval  bombardment  in  Shang- 
hai in  another  major  effort  to  drive  back 
the  Chinese.  Under  cover  of  the  bom- 
bardment 15,000  Japanese  troops  man- 
aged to  land  along  the  lower  Whangpoo. 

For  48  hours  the  battle  raged.  Japan- 
ese guns  hammered  at  Chapei,  Kiangwan, 
the  North  Railway  Station  and  the  Yang- 
tzepoo  sector, killing  non-combatants  every- 
where. One-fourth  of  Shanghai  was  in 
flames,  but  the  Chinese  lines  stood  fast. 

As  the  week  ended — third  month  of 
the  present  crisis — the  Japanese  military 
position  was  virtually  unchanged  from 
that  of  a  month  before,  in  spite  of  its 
"major  offensive."  Japan  had  60,000 
troops  and  half  her  navy  in  operation  at 
Shanghai,  with  50  troop  ships  and  60,000 
additional  men  hovering  off  the  mouth  of 
the  Yangtze.  On  the  other  side,  China 
had  14  full  strength  divisions  totaling 
200,000  men.  Six  of  these  divisions  are 
fully  armed  and  equipped  and  were  in 
the  front  lines  while  the  others  were  held 
in  reserve.  H.w.L. 


To  not  more  than  ten  young  men  and  women  with 
capital  ranging  from  $500  to  $5,000  the  Chinese  Trade 
And  Travel  Association  has  plans  for  safe  investment  and 
business  yielding  rapid  returns.  Write  us  a  letter  giving 
some  information  about  yourself. 

CHINESE  TRADE  AND  TRAVEL  ASSOCIATION 

Business  Department 

868  Washington  St.  San  Francisco,  Calif. 


Poge  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1937 


There  are  no  bargains  in  babies  .  .  . 

That's  why  the  only  milk  worth  considering  for 
your  children  is  the  Best  you  can  buy. 

Borden's  Dairy  Delivery  Milk  is  the  choice  of 
most  people. 


73orderi6 

DAIRY  DELIVERY  COMPANY 


Valencia  6000 


San   Francisco 


(5 


Vol.  3,  No.   11 


«Hfc€5T 


COMMENT  -  -    SOCIAL   •   -  SPOCTS 
M6WS   *  •   C  ULTUG.C  *    -    ClTEfcft7U&£        s»m  «Miciseo.C(*i*»aiii»  |^ 


November,   1937 


Ten  Cents 


CLOTHING  FOR  WAR  REFUGEES  IN  CHINA 

While  S.  F.  Chinatown's  male  citizens  were  concentrating  their  efforts  on  raising  money  for 
war  relief  in  China,  its  hundreds  of  women  folks  had  not  been  idle.  They  too  had  raised  many 
thousands  of  dollars,  but  instead  of  dispatching  the  funds  to  China,  they  used  them  to  purchase 
material  to  be  mode  into  clothing  for  the  men,  women,  and  children  in  the  war  zones,  human 
beings  who  face  a  cruel  winter.  During  the  past  month  some  6000  flannel  jackets  of  double 
construction  were  made  by  these  women  during  the  spare  hours  after  work  in  the  various  garment 
factories  in  the  community.  The  above  picture  shows  Miss  Flora  Chan,  one  of  these  women 
workers  surveying  a  jacket.  The  little  boy  in  the  right  hand  corner  was  a  member  of  the 
picket  squad  which  picketed  the  Japanese  bazaars  recently. 


Poge  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,   1937 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 
San  Francisco,  Colitornia    (CHina  2400) 

WILLIAM    HOY,    Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per   copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE    Associate   Editor 

LIM   P.   LEE    Sociological    Data 

DOROTHY  WING    Advertising  Manager 

HELEN  M.   FONG    Circulation  Manager 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.    WONG    Columnist 

CORRESPONDENTS   and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakcrsf ield    Mamie    Lee 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Alien    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace  H.  Goo 

Los  Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Marysville    Virginia    Wah 

New  York   Bing  Chan 

New   York    Sophia    Chu 

Portlond    Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seottle,  Wash   Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton   Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,    Arizona    May   Tom 

Watsonville    Alice   Shew 

FOUNDERS   and   PUBLISHERS 

THOMAS    W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Far  East 3,  4,  5,  6 

The  Sino-Japanese  Conflict   3 

What  Are  They  Trying  to  Say?  4 

A  Japanese  Soldier  Writes  to  His  Chinese  Friends.     5 

The  Jade  Box 8 

Mme.  Chiang  Kai-Shek 8 

Culture    9 

Chinatownia    11-17 

New  York  Chinatownians'  Refugee  Work 12 

Community  Votes  Boycott  of  Japanese  Goods.  . .     15 
Chinatownian  Roams  Around   16 

China  Sees  It  Through 7 

U.  S.  Labor  Favors  Japan  Boycott 7 

War  Affects  Finances  of  Chinese 

Students  in  U.  S 7 

Continuation  Page 19 


A  LETTER  FROM  CHINA 

The  following  letter  was  received  re- 
cently from  a  friend  in  Shanghai.  It 
tells  something  of  the  wholehearted  sup- 
port the  millions  of  overseas  Chinese  are 
rendering  to  China  in  her  present  crisis 
by  their  financial  contributions.  Indi- 
rectly it  is  also  an  appeal  to  the  Chinese 
abroad  to  continue  that  support,  even  at 
a  great  sacrifice,  until  China  has  fought 
off  her  enemy. 

The  writer  of  the  letter  graduated  not 
long  ago  from  the  New  York,  university 
and  had  but  recently  returned  to  China. 
At  present  he  is  serving  on  the  staff  of 
the  official  Central  News  Agency  in 
Shanghai. 

Shanghai,  China. 
Sir: 

In  peace  time  remittances  from  our 
people  abroad  go  a  long  way  to  offset  our 
unfavorable  balance  of  trade.  In  war 
time  these  remittances  will  undoubtedly 
increase  manifold.  No  statistics  are  avail- 
able as  to  the  amounts  remitted  by  over- 
seas   Chinese    for    war    purposes    in    the 


Shanghai  crisis  of  1932;  yet  we  can  safely 
say  the  sum  swelled  to  many  millions. 

Our  people  in  far-off  lands  have  the 
fullest  appreciation  of  their  duty  toward 
their  motherland.  They  fully  realize  they 
share  the  fate  of  our  national  destiny 
with  their  comrades  at  home.  The  fact 
that  they  so  faithfully  followed  our  late 
leader,  Dr.  Sun,  and  contributed  so  lib- 
erally toward  the  revolutionary  move- 
ment, constitutes  a  glorious  page  in  the 
history  of  our  country. 

Just  as  they  have  never  forgotten  their 
duty  toward  the  motherland  in  the  past, 
so  they  will  not  fail  her  in  the  present 
crisis.  Reports  are  now  pouring  in  that 
large  sums  of  money  have  been  raised  by 
our  people  in  the  Straits  Settlement,  in 
the  Philippines,  in  the  Americas,  etc., 
for  the  defense  of  our  nation  against  Jap- 
?nese  invasion.  During  my  recent  so- 
journ in  America  I  have,  happily,  wit- 
nessed how  spontaneously  and  unselfishly 
cur  people  contributed  for  a  national 
cause,  even  until  their  resources  were  ex- 
hausted. 


Everywhere  the  same  condition  exists. 
Take,  for  instance,  our  people  in  the  citv 
of  New  York.  We  have  about  10,000 
Chinese  in  the  various  boroughs  of  that 
city.  Majority  of  them  work  in  restaur- 
ants and  laundries.  Compartively  speak- 
ing their  earnings  are  meager.  In  1932, 
they  were  hard  hit  by  the  depression. 
Many  of  them  had  difficulties  to  make 
ends  meet.  Yet  their  voluntary  contribu- 
tions amounted  to,  I  was  reliably  in- 
formed, more  than  #  100,000  gold. 

What  is  true  of  our  people  who  have 
migrated  abroad  is  no  less  true  of  our 
sea-faring  men  who  sail  the  distant  wa- 
ters. They  are  always  among  the  first  Do 
offer  their  hard-earned  dollars  to  our  na- 
tion when  a  crisis,  such  as  the  one  in 
1932,  and  such  as  the  present  one.  con- 
fronts our  country.  On  my  home-bound 
trip  from  America,  I  had  the  honor  of 
assisting  the  Chinese  crew  raise  a  fund 
for  the  aid  of  our  refugees  and  wounded 
soldiers  on  the  Charhar-Peiping-Ticn- 
tMn  fronts.  We  raised  a  total  of  over 
(Continued  on   page    19) 


Ndvember,  1937 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Poge  3 


FAR     EAST 


THE  SINO-JAPANESE 
CONFLICT 

Following  is  the  day  by  day  resume  of  the 
highlights,  both  military  and  diplomatic,  oj 
the  present  "undeclared  war"  between  China 
and  Japan;  covering  the  period  from  Sept.  8 
to  Oct.  10.  This  resume  was  begun  in  our 
August  issue. 

On  the  third  day  of  Japan's  "big  push" 
against  the  Chinese  defenders  at  Shanghai,  the 
latter's  line  of  defense  held  fast  despite  furious 
and  constant  Japanese  aerial  assaults.  Japan  re- 
jected a  British-French-U  S.  demand  to  with- 
draw her  warships  and  troops  from  the  immedi- 
ate vicinity  of  the  International  Settlement.  At 
the  same  time  an  American  consular  report 
stated  that  Japanese  planes  had  bombed  the 
south  China  city  of  Swatow. 

In  the  midst  of  Japan's  major  Shanghai  of- 
fensive, news  was  released  that  China's  com- 
munist army  of  100,000  veteran  troops  had 
thrown  away  its  red  banners  and  had  pledged 
its  unswerving  loyalty  to  the  Central  govern- 
ment. Incorporated  into  the  Eighth  Route 
army,  and  under  the  leadership  of  Chu  Teh, 
these  troops  were  reported  to  have  been  dis- 
patched immediately  to  North  China  to  meet 
the  Japanese  advance  there.  This  momentous 
news  filled  the  nation  with  a  new  hope. 

On  Sept.  10  the  first  report  that  cholera  had 
broken  out  in  Shanghai  came  from  a  Japanese 
source,  which  stated  that  20  Japanese  soldiers 
had  already  died  of  this  dreaded  disease  and 
80  more  were  in  a  dangerous  condition.  This 
epidemic  was  to  spread  throughout  the  coasf 
of  China  in  several  weeks,  taking  its  toll  of 
hundred  of  lives. 

Meanwhile  United  Press  dispatches  indicated 
that  the  Japanese  forces  in  North  China  were 
meeting  stonewall  Chinese  defenses  all  along 
the  Tientsin-Nanking  railroad  and  the  Peip- 
ing-Hankow  railroad.  Along  the  Peiping- 
Suiyuan  railway,  however,  Japanese  troops  con- 
tinued to  roll  forward.  On  Sept.  11  the  Jap- 
anese captured  Machang,  another  strategic 
point  32  miles  south  of  Tientsin,  after  a 
series  of  bombings  which  reduced  the  town  to 
ruins.  The  seizures  of  Machang  was  the  most 
important  success  announced  by  the  Japanese 
military  after  it  had  been  stalled  in  North 
China  for  several  weeks. 

As  the  Chinese  defenders  in  Shanghai  pre- 
pared for  a  strategic  retreat  to  its  second 
line  of  defense,  China,  through  V.  K.  Well- 
ington Koo,  Ambassador  to  France,  made  its 
first  international  diplomatic  move  when  it 
formally  filed  an  appeal  to  the  League  of  Na- 
tions against  Japan's  invasion.  China  invoked 
Articles  X,  XI,  and  XVII  of  the  League  cove- 
nant. (Article  X  provides  the  League  shall 
preserve  against  external  aggression  the  terri- 
torial integrity  and  political  independence  of 
League  members.  Article  XI  declares  any 
threat  of  war  is  a  matter  of  concern  to  the 
League  and  that  the  League  shall  take  action 
to  safeguard  peace.  Article  XVII  provides  that 
a  non-member  (in  this  case  Japan)  which  is 
in  dispute  with  a  member  shall  be  invited  to 
accept  the  obligations  of  membership  in  the 
League.  Should  the  non-member  refuse  a 
League  invitation  to  discuss  the  dispute,  then, 
under  paragraph  three,  sanctions  may  be  in- 
voked. (Article  XVII  had  never  been  invoked 
before).  China  also  demanded  that  the  Inter- 
national Advisory  committee  on  Sino- Japanese 
conflicts  be  summoned  to  "resume  its  labors." 
(This  committee  of  23  was  created  in  1931 
at   the   time   of  Japan's  Manchurian   invasion, 


and,  under  a  resolution  of  the  League  assemb- 
ly, the  U.  S.  was  given  a  membership  even 
though  it  was  not  a  member.)  Dr.  Koo  in  his 
appeal  declared  that  "The  Japanese  forces  in- 
vading Chinese  territory  show  utter  disregard 
for  the  rules  of  international  law.  The  law  of 
morality  gives  place  to  violence  and  anarchy. 
.  .  .  Civilization  and  the  security  of  the  world 
is  in  the  balance."  The  Chinese  diplomat  never 
once  mentioned  the  word  "war"  in  his  appeal, 
since  in  doing  so  he  might  have  forced  the 
U.  S.  to  invoke  its  Neutrality  law. 

Abruptly,  on  Sept.  14,  Pres.  Roosevelt  is- 
sued an  order  prohibiting  government-owned 
merchant  ships  from  transporting  arms  and 
ammunitions  to  Japan  or  China  and  warned 
all  other  vessels  flying  the  U.  S.  flag  that  they 
carry  war  cargoes  at  their  own  risk.  The  Neu- 
trality act,  it  said,  remained  in  status  quo  with 
the  question  of  invocation  on  a  24-hour  basis. 
The  harmful  effect  of  this  order  to  China  was 
more  psychological  than  actual,  but  Japan  was 
pleased,  while  China  filed  a  protest  to  the 
U.  S.  government.  A  Chinese  embassy  spokes- 
man in  Washington  declared  that  President 
Roosevelt's  action  "may  be  neutrality  but  it 
certainly  is  not  impartiality.  A  complete  em- 
bargo would  be  fairer,  for  it  would  halt  all 
shipments  either  to  Japan  or  China." 

On  Sept.  15  Japan,  through  Eiji  Amau,  her 
Minister  to  Switzerland,  made  known  that  his 
nation  would  ignore  all  attempts  by  the  League 
of  Nations  to  intervene  in  any  way  in  the 
Sino- Japanese  conflict.  But  the  League  pro- 
ceeded to  revive  the  Advisory  committee  of  23 
as  a  first  step  in  studying  the  Sino-Japanese 
undeclared  war. 

On  Sept.  18,  anniversary  of  Japan's  invasion 
into  Manchuria,  millions  of  Chinese  stood  si- 
lent for  two  minutes  at  noon  and  took  an  oath : 
"To  support  the  government,  to  support  our 
leaders,  to  sacrifice  all,  and  to  resist  the  com- 
mon enemy  to  the  bitter  end." 

At  Shanghai  Chinese  resistance  effectively 
held  the  Japanese  invaders  in  check,  while  in 
North  China  the  Chinese  troops  were  preparing 
to  defend  Poating,  next  major  objective  of  the 
Japanese  army.  Nanking,  suffered  its  eleventh 
Japanese  air  raid  which  lasted  an  hour  and  a 
half,  but  little  damage  was  done.  The  U.  S. 
lodged  a  strong  protest  to  Japan  against  the 
Nanking  bombing. 

But  Japan  continued  its  merciless  bombing 
of  Chinese  cities  and  slaughtering  thousands 
of  civilians.  Two  thousand  civilians  in  Canton 
were  killed  and  wounded  in  two  days  of  heavy 
bombings,  while  more  than  a  dozen  other  cities 
throughout  eastern  and  central  China  were  also 
visited  by  Japanese  airmen,  leaving  countless 
dead  in  their  wake.  Nanking  was  again 
bombed,  this  time  for  7  hours,  with  80  Jap- 
anese planes  taking  part. 

As  the  wanton  and  ruthless  slaughtering  of 
Chinese  civilians  in  scores  of  Chinese  towns 
and  cities  by  Japanese  airmen  went  on  with- 
out ceasing,  Dr.  Wellington  Koo  at  Geneva  de- 
manded that  the  League  condemn  these  acts. 
He  said:  "If  it  (the  League)  cannot  prevent 
the  ruthless  slaughter  of  men,  women,  and 
children  and  wanton  destruction  of  property 
by  illegal  and  inhuman  methods  of  aerial  bom- 
bardment, it  can  at  least  make  clear  where  its 
own  sentiments  are  in  order  to  reinforce  the 
universal  demand  of  a  civilized  world  for  the 
immediate  abandonment  of  such  practices." 

The  League's  Advisory  committee  of  23 
immediately  prepared  a  strongly  worded  reso- 
lution   which    denounced    Japan.     The    resolu- 


tion asserted:  "The  advisory  committee,  taking 
into  urgent  consideration  the  question  of  aerial 
bombardment  by  Japanese  aircraft  of  open 
towns  in  China,  expresses  its  profound  distress 
at  the  loss  of  life  caused  to  innocent  civilians, 
including  great  numbers  of  women  and  chil- 
dren, as  result  of  such  bombardment,  and  de- 
clares no  excuse  can  be  made  for  such  acts, 
which  have  aroused  horror  and  indignation 
throughout  the  world,  and  solemnly  condemns 
them." 

When  the  resolution  was  introduced  to  the 
League  assembly  a  dav  later,  the  52  nations 
represented  unanimously  adopted  it. 

As  September  ended  the  Japanese  "big 
push"  in  Shanghai  had  definitely  bogged 
down  for  the  time  being.  General  Pai  Tsung- 
hsi,  one  of  China's  most  brilliant  military  stra- 
tegists, was  appointed  commander  of  all  Chi- 
nese armies  in  North  China. 

On  Oct.  1  Japan  officially  made  known  in  a 
statement  of  policy  that  she  would  brook  no 
interference  with  her  present  actions  in  Ch'na, 
that  she  considered  her  course  justified,  that 
Japan  would  fight  until  China  altered  her  al- 
leged anti-Japanese  policy,  and  that  Japan 
rejected  unqualifiedly  any  third-party  effort  to 
mediate  at  this  stage  of  hostilities. 

Three  days  after  this  announcement  the 
Japanese  Trade  commission  decreed  that  300 
commodities  must  be  prohibited  or  reduced  to 
a  minimum  to  conserve  the  nation's  financial 
strength  for  the  Sino-Japanese  conflict.  After 
three  months  of  intense  warfare  on  China 
Japan's  finance  was  cracking  under  the  strain. 

On  the  same  date  Great  Britain's  representa- 
tive at  Geneva  proposed  before  a  League  sub- 
committee that  signatories  of  the  Nine-Power 
treaty  be  convened  in  connection  with  the  war 
in  the  Far  East.  The  international  diplo- 
matic machinery,  which  had  become  apparently 
moribund  in  the  eyes  of  the  world  because 
of  previous  failures  to  act  in  the  Japanese 
invasion  of  Manchuria  and  the  Italian  inva- 
sion of  Ethiopia,  was  slowly  coming  to  life 
again  under  the  impetus  of  a  potential  second 
world  war.  (The  nations  that  signed  the  Nine- 
Power  treaty,  which  attempted  to  guarantee 
China's  territorial  and  political  integrity,  were 
the  United  States,  Belgium,  Britain,  China, 
France,  Italy,  Japan,  the  Netherlands,  and 
Portugal.  The  treaty  was  signed  at  Washing- 
ton, February  6,  1922,  following  a  naval  con- 
ference of  the  major  powers.  Three  of  the  nine 
powers — United  States,  Italy,  Japan — are  not 
in  the  League.) 

The  Nine-Power  meeting  was  scheduled  for 
Oct.  30,  to  be  held  in  Bussels.  This  date  was 
later  changed  to  Nov.  3  due  to  an  unforseen 
internal  political  fiasco  in  Belgium.  China  in- 
sisted that  the  Nine-Power  conference  was  not 
to  be  the  only  action  taken  in  this  Far  East- 
ern crisis.  The  Chinese  representative  de- 
manded that  the  League  must  also  recognize 
its  obligation  to  act,  especially  on  Article 
XVIII  of  the  Convenant  which  China  had  in- 
voked against  Japan. 

Then,  while  the  League  approached  the 
Sino-Japanese  problem  cautiously,  the  U.  S. 
brought  the  full  force  of  its  moral  influence 
to  bear  on  international  relations.  In  a  speech 
on  Oct.  5  which  was  interpreted  as  the  aban- 
donment by  the  U.  S.  of  its  traditionally  iso- 
lationist attitude  toward  the  problems  of  other 
nations,  President  Roosevelt  charted  America 
on  a  vigorous  foreign  policy  pledged  to  stand 
firmly  for  international  peace  against  those 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


Page  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1937 


FAR     EAST 


WHAT  ARE  THEY 
TRYING  TO  SAY? 

By  Tsu  Pan 

In  a  pamphlet  entitled  "What  Japan 
Is  Fighting  For?"  the  Japanese  Associa- 
tion of  America  and  the  Japanese  As- 
sociation of  San  Francisco  have  pains- 
takingly worked  out  a  few  points  in  an 
attempt  to  justify  Japanese  military  ac- 
tions in  China.  With  ambiguous  phrase- 
ology, the  pamphlet  points  out  how  Ja- 
pan acquired  various  rights  from  China 
due  to  the  "chaos"  in  that  country,  how 
the  rights  of  the  Japanese  were  "im- 
periled" by  the  foreign  policy  of  China, 
how  the  "Fascists"  and  "Communists" 
are  directing  the  anti-Japanese  campaign, 
how  China  provoked  the  present  hostili- 
ties, and  how  sincere  is  Japan's  desire  to 
localize  the  issue  and  to  restore  peaceful 
relations  between  China  and  Japan. 

To  be  a  publicist  for  the  Japanese  gov- 
ernment is  really  a  difficult  job.  Now, 
with  Japanese  soldiers  rampaging  in  the 
fields  of  China  and  Japanese  bombs  tak- 
ing daily  tolls  of  countless  Chinese  civil- 
ians, the  task  of  the  Japanese  publicists 
becomes  increasingly  difficult.  Their  di- 
lemma can  easly  be  appreciated.  But  in 
this  little  pamphlet,  the  Japanese  pub- 
licists have  so  distorted  the  facts  that 
it  even  ceases  to  be  funny! 

A  school  child  can  tell  today  that  the 
real  issue  in  the  Far  East  is  Japan's  de- 
sire for  territorial  expansion.  But  the 
Japanese  try  to  explain  that  their  actions 
in  China  are  for  the  legitimate  protection 
of  the  life  and  properties  of  their  nation- 
als, and  that  Japan's  intention  is  to  pre- 
serve peace.  Is  the  military  occupation 
of  Chinese  territories  the  necessary  means 
of  protecting  Japanese  nationals?  Are 
ruthless  killings  and  wanton  destructions 
the  correct  way  of  preserving  peace?  It  is 
all  too  simple.  To  dispute  the  few  argu- 
ments cited  in  the  pamphlet,  one  can 
easily  gather  sufficient  materials  to  make 
several  books.  Only  a  few  words  are 
necessary  here  to  show  the  incongruity  of 
the  Japanese. 

The  Japanese  mention  the  Boxer  up- 
rising of  1900  to  show  that  there  was  anti- 
foreign  sentiment  in  China.  That  was 
silly.  In  any  nation's  history,  one  can 
always  pick  up  some  episode  to  show  that 
people  do  not  always  like  foreigners. 
Was  it  anti-foreignism  in  Japan  that 
brought  Commodore  Perry's  forceful 
opening  of  Japan?  As  a  result  of  the 
Boxers'  uprising,  the  Japanese  said,  ex- 
traterritoriality came  into  being,  and  the 


existence  of  extraterritoriality  in  China 
today  shows  "China  has  not  yet  attained 
a  state  of  organized  national  control." 
Japan  had  extraterritoriality  before,  and 
the  Japanese  are  still  cheering  the  aboli- 
tion of  this  humiliation.  It  has  been 
China's  national  aspiration  also  to  abolish 
the  unequal  treaties  in  the  past  score  of 
years.  But  Japan  repeatedly  blocked  its 
realization.  Japan  insisted  on  the  privi- 
leges of  extraterritoriality  on  the  ground 
that  China  was  still  unable  to  protect  for- 
eigners' lives  and  properties.  But  Ger- 
many gave  up  its  extraterritoriality  long 
ago,  and  German  interests  in  China  are 
best  protected  today.  Is  China  an  organ- 
ized nation?  Well,  China  is  a  member  of 
the  League  of  Nations.  Is  Japan  a  mem- 
ber, too?  Japan  may  claim  herself  to 
be  a  power,  but  in  the  opinion  of  the 
world,  she  is  already  thrown  out  of  the 
pale  of  respectable  nations  by  virtue  of 
her  aggressive  actions  in  China. 

Warlords  and  banditry  constitute 
chaos  in  China,  the  Japanese  claim.  But 
it  has  long  been  proven  that  Japan  has 
always  aided  the  so-called  warlords  and 
bandits  in  China  in  order  to  keep  China 
weak  and  disorganized.  Without  elabor- 
ating on  this  point,  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  Dr.  Wellington  Koo,  in  his  Memo- 
randa to  the  Lytton  commission,  has 
proved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  commis- 
sion that  the  Japanese  have  repeatedly 
smuggled  ammunition  into  China  for  the 
warlords  and  bandits  under  the  protection 
of  extraterritorial  rights.  Even  Japanese 
premier  Terauchi  admitted  in  the  Jap- 
anese Diet  that  the  Japanese  are  in  the 
habit  of  supplying  arms  to  the  bandits  in 
Manchuria. 

The  Japanese  declare  that  the  foreign 
policy  of  the  Nanking  government  has 
imperiled  foreigners'  rights.  The  Nan- 
king government,  ever  since  its  establish- 
ment, has  been  striving  for  the  abolition 
of  unequal  treaties.  All  China  wants  is 
national  equality,  and  she  has  been  trying 
for  years  to  abolish  the  antiquated  un- 
equal treaties  derogatory  to  China's 
sovereignty.  Friendly  nations  have  sym- 
pathized with  China  in  her  aspiration  and 
have  gradually  made  rendition  of  rights 
and  concessions  back  to  China.  But  the 
Japanese  not  only  insist  on  holding  their 
so-called  rights,  but  have  tried  to  impose 
additional  ones  upon  China.  In  spite  of 
this,  China  did  not  change  her  friendly 
attitude  toward  Japan.  Even  in  1935, 
when  Japan  occupied  Manchuria  and 
Jehol,  set  up  a  demilitarized  zone,  spon- 


sored a  puppet  "autonomous  regime," 
and  forced  China  to  oust  many  loyal 
government  officials  displeasing  to  the 
Japanese,  the  Chinese  government  was 
still  friendly  enough  to  issue  a  national 
decree  enjoining  all  Chinese  to  be  friend- 
ly with  the  Japanese.  No  nation  in 
history  has  ever  done  such  an  amicable 
thing  as  China  did  to  Japan  under  these 
circumstances.  What  more  could  China 
have  done  to  please  Japan. 

The  Japanese  brand  China  as  a  fas- 
cistic  country.  The  joke  is  on  Japan. 
While  the  Japanese  have  no  proof  of 
the  alleged  "blue  shirt"  organization  in 
China,  there  is  every  evidence  to  show 
the  existence  of  the  Japanese  "Black  Dra- 
gon Society"  which  has  usurped  the 
power  of  the  Japanese  government  by  its 
abhorrent  methods  of  assassination.  The 
Black  Dragon  society  is  a  military  organi- 
zation, the  purpose  of  which  can  be  seen 
from  its  declaration:  "We  must  skill- 
fully avail  ourselves  of  the  world's  general 
trend  of  affairs,  bring  to  realization  our 
great  imperial  policy."  Who  is  the  power 
behind  the  Japanese  government,  Hiro- 
hito,  the  Japanese  people,  or  the  Jap- 
anese military  clique?  Fascism  in  Japan 
is  ah  undeniable  fact,  but  fascism  is  un- 
known in  China. 

Communism  in  China  now  is  just  as 
non-existent  as  fascism.  The  Chinese 
soviet  Republic  has  been  dissolved.  The 
Chinese  Red  army  has  been  disbanded, 
and  the  disbanded  soldiers  of  this  armv 
have  been  disciplined  and  incorporated 
into  the  Eighth  Route  army  of  the  Cen- 
tral government.  Even'if  there  were  com- 
munists in  China  as  in  former  years,  it 
was  none  but  China's  business.  The  Jap- 
anese claim  that  due  to  its  geographical 
propinquity,  Japan  wants  to  create  a 
buffer  state  between  Soviet  Russia  and 
Japan.  If  so,  Japan  should  restore  Man- 
churia and  even  Korea  back  to  China,  so 
that  Japan  shall  be  farther  away  from 
Russia,  and  shall  be  insulated  by  the 
Japan  Sea  against  the  contagion  of  Com- 
munism. 


I  have  three  precious  things  which  I 
hold  fast  and  prize.  The  first  is  gentle- 
ness; the  second  is  frugality;  the  third 
is  humility,  which  keeps  me  from  putting 
myself  before  others.  Be  gentle,  and  you 
can  be  bold;  be  frugal,  and  you  can  be 
liberal;  avoid  putting  yourself  before 
others,  and  you  can  become  a  leader 
among  men. — Lao  Tzu. 


November,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


A  JAPANESE  SOLDIER  WRITES 
TO  HIS  CHINESE  FRIENDS 

A  frequent  question  asked  by  the  peo- 
ple these  days  is:  "Do  the  Japanese  peo- 
ple want  war  with  China?"  From  many 
Japanese  sources  have  come  the  answer: 
No.  And  examples  of  this  sentiment  have 
appeared  occasionally  in  the  American 
press  and  periodicals. 

The  following  purports  to  be  a  letter 
written  by  a  Japanese  soldier  now  in  the 
front,  to  several  of  his  old  Chinese  school- 
mates in  China.  This  soldier  had  formed 
friendships  with  these  Chinese  youths 
years  ago  while  the  latter  were  study- 
ing in  Japan.  Now,  on  being  sent  to 
the  battle  field  to  take  part  in  a  war 
of  aggression  in  which  his  heart  rebels, 
he  hastened  to  dispatch  a  letter  to  his 
Chinese  friends,  expressing  some  of  his 
feelings  on  the  present  Sino-Japanese 
conflict.  It  is  a  warm  and  sincere  docu- 
ment and  expresses  sentiments  typical  of 
thousands  of  the  citizens  of  the  Island 
Empire. 

This  letter  recently  appeared  in  the 
Chinese  Times,  native  language  daily 
published  in  San  Francisco.  A  reader  of 
the  Chinese  Digest  contributes  the  fol- 
lowing free  translation  in  English,  which 
has  been  slightly  edited. 
To    My    Old    Chinese    Schoolmates    in 

China: 
Greetings: 

Much  confusions  have  transpired  in 
the  world  since  you  and  I  bid  farewell 
from  our  study  windows.  The  blundering 
action  and  suicidal  policies  pursued  by 
Tokyo  toward  China  have  resulted  in 
great  sufferings  for  us,  the  masses  of  the 
Japanese  people,  and  not  infrequently 
have  drawn  heavy  sighs  from  our  lips. 

I  am  now  a  member  of  the  Japanese 
expeditionary  forces  in  China.  Through- 
out the  long  weary  trip  on  the  stuffy 
train,  my  thoughts  shifted  from  the  scene 
of  my  weeping  mother  and  wife  who  saw 
me  off,  to  you,  my  Chinese  friends  in 
China.  Thinking  thus,  I  feel  it  impera- 
tive to  immediately  write  you  this  letter 
and  unburden  to  you  my  honest  opinions 
regarding  the  present  situation. 

What  are  the  possible  good  purposes 
behind  this  military  adventure  against 
China.  After  the  most  thorough  and 
careful  consideration,  I  can  only  say — 
there  are  absolutely  none. 

First,  the  invasion  of  China  brings 
absolutely  no  benefits  nor  improvement 
to  the  livelihood  of  the  Japanese  masses. 

We  conquered  Manchuria  more  than 


six  years  ago,  and  during  these  years 
Japan  has  been  faced  with  international 
isolation  and  economic  blockade,  result- 
ing in  growing  unrest  and  insecurity 
within  the  country  itself.  Internal  crises 
are  deepening.  Taxation  increases.  Pri- 
ces of  daily  necessities  hit  the  sky  limit. 
Merchants  do  not  feel  any  sense  of  peace 
while  about  their  business  and  the  farm- 
ers do  not  feel  any  peace  while  at  their 
plowing.  The  hungry  masses  are  being 
driven  silently  toward  deeper  poverty  and 
eventual  starvation,  while  the  god  of  War 
waxes  stronger  daily.  I  have  always  won- 
dered about  this  fact:  that  although  Ja- 
pan has  been  one  of  the  five  great  Powers 
since  the  World  War,  the  standard  of 
living  of  the  Japanese  masses  has  never 
been  raised  from  their  semi-starvation 
level.  What  good  is  it  for  Japan  to  be- 
come a  Power  so  far  as  the  people  are 
concerned?  We  do  not  care  to  strengthen 
and  expand  that  Japan  of  a  handful  of 
militarists,  politicians,  and  capitalists, 
while  at  the  same  time  impoverishing  the 
Japanese  masses.  We  did  not  want  to 
grab  Manchuria.  We  desire  even  less  to 
invade  China  proper. 

Second,  the  Chinese  have  never  been 
the  enemy  of  the  Japanese.  The  theo- 
ry that  "should  China  progress,  Japan 
will  become  weak;  that  should  Japan  pro- 
gress, China  will  become  weak;  that  the 
two  nations  cannot  co-exist  as  equals; 
and  that  Japan  must  extend  its  lifelines 
into  China  proper,"  is  not  only  false  but 
lacks  historical  basis.  During  the  Chi- 
nese dynasties  of  T'ang,  Sung,  Yuan, 
and  the  early  part  of  Ch'ing,  when  China 
experienced  great  national  progress,  the 
development  and  growth  of  Japan  was 
not  hindered.  Only  after  the  Industrial 
revolution,  when  the  technological  civili- 
zation of  Europe  and  America  found  its 
way  into  the  Orient,  did  Japan  begin  to 
feel  endangered  and  hemmed  in.  After 
carefully  studying  the  history  of  Asia  we 
find  that,  instead  of  China's  being  a  tra- 
ditional enemy  of  Japan,  Japan  has  been 


greatly  benefited  by  China's  art,  litera- 
ture, and  other  cultural  developments. 
Japan,  in  fact  owes  it  present  culture  and 
civilization  to  China.  Since  this  is  the 
case,  one  would  think  that  Japan  should 
be  grateful  to  China.  Why  should  she 
repay  good  with  evil?  Why  this  attempt 
to  sever  the  friendly  relationship  be- 
tween two  great,  neighboring  peoples? 

No  matter  from  what  angle  I  look  at 
the  present  situation,  I  can  but  resolutely 
oppose  this  invasion  of  China  by  the 
Japanese  Imperialists.  After  a  long  weary 
train  ride,  burning  and  harassed  by  many 
conflicting  emotions  and  thoughts,  I  am 
unable  to  express  my  feelings  in  a  coher- 
ent whole.  However,  I  have  pledged 
myself  to  do  my  utmost  to  educate  the 
Japanese  soldiers  and  the  general  masses 
and  convince  them  of  the  criminal  char- 
acter and  useless  purpose  of  the  present 
invasion,  hoping  by  doing  that  to  give 
a  life-saving  chance  for  the  next  genera- 
tion of  the  Japanese  people. 

On  the  other  hand,  I  sincerely  hope 
that  the  soldiers  and  the  people  of  your 
honorable  country  will  all  rise  as  one, 
militantly  resist  this  invasion  and  stop 
the  advance  of  Japanese  Imperialism, 
which  must  inevitably  lead  the  masses  of 
both  China  and  Japan  into  disaster.  My 
limitless  feelings  cannot  be  expressed 
into  this  short  piece  of  paper. 

Farewell! 


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Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1937 


FAR     EAST 


SOME  PICTURES  FROM  THE 
The  above  pictures,  recently  received  from  China,  give  some  ideas 
of  the  ravages  of  warfare  and  some  of  the  military  activities  con- 
nected with  the  Sino-Japanese  undeclared  war  now  in  its  fourth 
month.  Picture  No.  1  shows  Red  Cross  workers  removing  bodies  of 
the  dead  in  front  of  the  Sincere  Co.  after  this  Shanghai  department 
store  was  bombed.    No.  2  shows  the  crowd  in  front  of  the  Sincere  Co.; 

3  pictures   the   Japanese    cremating    their   soldiers    killed    in    battle; 

4  shows  the  charred  remains  of  a  Japanese  plane  shot  down  while 
raiding  Hankow;  5  is  an  exhibition  of  Japanese  ammunition  and 
military  equipment  captured  by  Chinese  soldiers;  while  6  is  the  motor 


SINO-JAPANESE  WAR   FRONTS 

of  a  Japanese  plane  brought  down  in  Nanking.  Picture  No.  7  shows 
a  Japanese  airman  who  had  been  captured  by  the  Chinese,  signing 
a  document  testifying  to  his  good  treatment  at  the  hands  of  his 
captors.  No.  8  is  the  Shanghai  Civic  Center  before  it  was  destroyed 
by  Japanese  bombers;  9  depicts  Chinese  soldiers  wearing  gas  masks; 
10  shows  a  Chinese  anti-aircraft  gun  in  action;  1 1  is  a  Chinese 
trooper  giving  a  bugle  call;  12  is  Lt.  Lo-yee  Ching,  a  Central  govern- 
ment air  fighter  who  shot  down  four  enemy  planes  in  one  air  duel. 
The  13th  and  last  picture  shows  members  of  the  Chinese  anti-oircroft 
unit  taking  the  range  of  Japanese  planes. 


November,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


CHINA  SEES  IT  THROUGH 

By  H.  J.  TlMPERLEY 

From  the  standpoint  of  the  neutral 
foreign  observer  in  China  perhaps  the 
most  significant  thing  about  the  present 
Sino-Japanese  crisis  is  the  quiet,  unques- 
tioning acceptance  by  everybody,  from 
Generalissimo  Chiang  Kai-shek  down- 
wards, of  the  idea  that  China's  fate  is  in 
the  balance  and  sacrifice  must  be  the 
order  of  the  day. 

In  Nanking  it  became  evident  early  in 
July  that,  failing  some  kind  of  third- 
party  intervention,  only  statesmanship  of 
the  highest  order  on  both  sides  would 
prevent  a  head-on  collision  between  the 
two  nations.  It  is  within  the  writer's  per- 
sonal knowledge  that  prodigious  efforts 
to  bring  about  a  fundamental  settlement 
by  negotiation  were  made  and  when  the 
history  of  the  past  two  or  three  months 
comes  to  be  written  people  may  be  sur- 
prised to  find  to  what  extent  government 
leaders  on  both  sides  were  prepared  to  go 
in  the  endeavor  to  head  off  a  disastrous 
conflict.  Circumstances  such  as  the  un- 
fortunate Hungjao  incident  have  com- 
bined to  close  the  door  to  diplomacy,  how- 
ever, and  it  is  difficult  for  the  most  op- 
timistic observer  now  to  forsee  anything 
but  a  bitter  and  bloody  struggle. 

A  struggle  for  what?  If  one  is  to  take 
at  their  face  value  the  pronouncements  of 
Prince  Konoye  and  other  Japanese 
spokesmen  the  conclusion  is  inescapable 
that  the  issue  at  stake  is  whether  China 
is  to  be  bludgeoned  into  a  state  of  ser- 
vile acquiescence  to  Japan's  aspirations 
or  not.  It  is  clear  that  under  Chiang  Kai- 
shek's  leadership  the  Nanking  Govern- 
ment, having  fully  counted  the  cost,  is 
determined  grimly  to  resist  to  the  utmost 
of  its  power.  It  seems  equally  clear — 
and  I  have  been  reinforced  in  this  view 
since  my  arrival  in  Shanghai  from  Nan- 
king a  fortnight  ago — that  the  Chinese 
people  as  a  whole  are  solidly  behind  their 
government  in  its  determination  to  make 
the  invader  pay  as  dearly  as  possible  for 
eevry  inch  of  Chinese  territory  gained. 

During  the  past  couple  of  weeks  I  have 
been  going  into  the  question  of  the  ex- 
tent to  which  the  ordinary  Chinese  citizen 
is  affected  by,  and  is  responding  to,  the 
present  crisis.  To  make  a  thorough  in- 
vestigation it  would  be  necessary,  of 
course,  to  travel  widely  through  the  in- 
terior of  the  country  but  this  is  manifestly 
impossible  under  present  conditions  and 
one  has  had  perforce  to  content  himself 
with  such  first-hand  observations  as  it 
might  be  possible  to  make  in  Nanking 
and  Shanghai,  supplemented  by  inter- 
(Continued  on  p.  18,  col.  2) 


U.  S.  LABOR  FAVORS 
JAPAN  BOYCOTT 

Following  the  example  of  British  labor 
and  heartened  by  President  Roosevelt's 
recent  Chicago  speech  calling  for  the 
"quarantine"  of  militarily  aggressive  na- 
tions, both  the  American  Federation  of 
Labor  and  the  Committee  for  Industrial 
Organization  recently  voted  overwhelm- 
ingly in  favor  of  a  complete  boycott  of 
Japanese  goods  in  this  country. 

The  A.  F.  L.  at  their  fifty-seventh 
convention  in  Denver  passed  a  unani- 
mous resolution  in  favor  of  a  Japanese 
boycott.  William  Green,  A.  F.  L.  presi- 
dent, said  that  a  boycott  was  necessary 
if  other  measures  of  maintaining  peace 
failed.  He  believed  that  Americans  would 
favor  such  a  boycott  on  the  grounds  that 
every  purchase  increases  the  funds  avail- 
able to  "the  Japanese  warlords." 

At  a  conference  of  leaders  of  the  C. 
I.  O.  in  Atlantic  City,  Harry  Bridges, 
west  coast  organizer  for  the  National 
Maritime  union,  a  C.  I.  O.  affiliate  intro- 
duced a  resolution  for  a  Japanese  boy- 
cott. Declaring  that  members  of  the 
International  Longshoremen's  and  Ware- 
housemen's union,  which  he  heads  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  have  repeatedly  condemned 
aggressor  nations,  Mr.  Bridges  said:  "In 
the  current  Sino-Japanese  conflict  it  is 
the  sentiment  of  our  membership  that  an 
economic  boycott  be  imposed  on  all  Jap- 
anese goods  even  though  it  means  loss 
of  work  for  our  members." 

The  resolution  was  passed.  Thus  the 
two  powerful  factions  of  the  American 
labor  movement  lent  their  influence  on 
(Continued  on  p.  15,  col.  2) 


WAR  AFFECTS  FINANCES  OF 
CHINESE  STUDENTS  IN  U.  S. 

Scores  of  the  2,162  Chinese  students 
studying  in  this  country  are  without  fi- 
nancial support  as  a  result  of  the  present 
Sino-Japanese  conflict.  The  disruption  of 
communication  in  the  Far  East  has  halted 
funds  for  these  students  which  come  reg- 
ularly in  normal  times  from  their  fam- 
ilies and  provincial  governments  in  China. 

Investigation  made  by  Y.  E.  Hsiao, 
general  secretary  of  the  Chinese  Students 
Christian  association,  New  York,  revealed 
provincial  students  from  war-torn  Hopei 
and  Suiyuan  provinces  are  the  most  hard 
hit.  The  Tsing  Hua  indemnity  students 
whose  regular  allowances,  depending  on 
the  customs  receipts,  will  be  seriously  af- 
fected later.  Similar  plights  are  being 
faced  by  private  students. 

In  an  effort  to  remedy  this  situation  a 
Loan  Fund  committee  to  aid  Chinese 
students  has  been  organized,  according  to 
the  C.  S.  C.  A.  general  secretary.  At 
Columbia  university,  where  many  of  the 
Chinese  students  are  already  without  liv- 
ing expenses,  another  committee  has  been 
set  up  to  seek  contributions  to  aid  the 
needy  students.  Delays  on  tuition  pay- 
ments have  been  granted  by  Columbia 
and  other  universities. 

At  the  University  of  California  in 
Berkeley,  California,  several  students 
from  China  whose  funds  have  also  been 
halted  by  the  war  are  being  cared  for  at 
International  house,  it  has  been  reported. 
o 

What  misery  they  shall  suffer  who  talk 
of  the  evil  in  others. — Mencius. 


OFFICE  HOURS 

11:00  A.M.— 12:00  M. 
2:00  P.  M.— 4:30  P.  M 


New  Offices  of 
DR.  DAN  LEE 

now  located  at 
700  Broadway  CHina  0892 


Page  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1937 


THE    JADE    BOX 


MME  CHIANG  KAI-SHEK- 
FIRST  LADY  OF  CHINA 

Gripping  the  imagination  of  the  whole 
world  today  is  the  marvelous  way  China 
has  enlisted  the  will  and  the  determina- 
tion of  her  430  million  people  to  fight  as 
a  unit  to  preserve  her  sovereignty.  It  is 
a  unique  chapter  in  the  history  of  man- 
kind to  have  a  quarter  of  the  world's  pop- 
ulation all  moving  in  one  direction  while 
the  rest  of  the  world  looks  on  closely 
and  breathlessly.  Unquestionably,  the 
one  man  who  is  supreme  in  the  gigantic 
task  of  welding  the  many  Chinese  prov- 
inces into  a  united  nation  is  Generalissi- 
mo Chiang  Kai-shek.  He  is  China's  No. 
1  hero  and  easily  one  of  the  world's  fore- 
most men  of  destiny.  We  know  that 
many  factors  go  to  make  up  a  great 
man,  but  to  me  the  two  greatest  factors 
are  the  women  closest  to  him — his  mother 
and  his  wife. 

To  his  mother  Chiang  Kai-shek  attrib- 
utes his  love  for  China,  and  he  is  doing 
his  utmost  now  to  carry  out  her  wish  to 
make  China  great.  To  his  American- 
trained  wife  and  right  hand  woman  he 
owes  a  great  deal  for  what  he  has  done 
towards  this  end.  By  many,  Mme.  Chiang 
has  been  acclaimed  not  only  as  his  brains 
but  is  rapidly  being  acknowledged  as  the 
brains  of  China — the  woman  behind  the 
scenes!  Be  that  as  it  may,  we  must  ad- 
mit that  her  political  influence  at  the 
moment  cannot  be  overestimated.  And, 
being  a  curious  woman,  I  would  give 
anything — even  a  new  fall  outfit — just 
to  have  a  look  at  her. 

Born  as  Soong  Me-Ling  of  the  illus- 
trious Christian  Soongs  of  Shanghai,  she 
is  the  youngest  of  three  famous  sisters, 
the  other  two  being  Mme.  H.  H.  Kung, 
and  Mme.  Sun  Yat-Sen.  The  Soongs,  in- 
cidentally, are  a  family  not  to  be  spoken  of 
lightly  due  to  their  tremendous  influence 
in  the  making  of  modern  China.  Mei- 
Ling  is  not  the  prettiest  of  the  sisters  but 


P'ing  Yu 


<Cotu& 


Chinatown's  newest  and 
most  modern 
Beauty  Salon 

Managed  by   Hazel   Chinn 

LOTUS  BEAUTY 
SHOP 

864  Jackson  San  Francisco 

Phone  CHina  0011 


Mme.  Chiang  Kai-Shek 

is  the  most  astute  of  mind  and  the  out- 
standing wit  of  the  family.  She  has  a 
splendid  appearance,  characterized  by 
that  which  is  called  class — that  certain 
personality  plus  quality  so  dear  and  near 
to  the  feminine  heart. 

While  studying  in  America  her  special 
subjects  at  school  were  French  and  music. 
Her  gifted  mind  made  her  delight  and 
excel  in  English  literature  and  poetry 
writing,  at  the  same  time  attaining  a  bril- 
liant scholastic  record  at  Wesley  from 
which  she  graduated.  And  her  flawless 
English  diction  can  well  put  some  of  our 
English  majors  to  shame! 

After  her  graduation,  Soong  Mei-Ling 
returned  to  China  to  serve  as  a  Y.  W.  C. 
A.  secretary.  After  five  years  of  per- 
sistent wooing  by  the  then  obscure  gen- 
eral she  married  Chiang  Kai-shek  in  De- 
cember 1927. 

Although  gentle  in  manner,  Mme. 
Chiang  is  a  veritable  bundle  of  energy, 
possessing  great  determination  and  drive. 
Realizing  the  eminent  position  which  she 
occupies  she  exerts  her  all  to  help  her 
powerful  husband.  So  much  so  that  she 
is  at  one  with  the  pulse  of  all  China's 
problems.  In  fact,  she  can  be  said  to  sup- 
ply the  electricity  which  moves  all  China's 
crusades — the  New  Life  movement,  the 
United  Front  movement,  and  many  other 
social  and  political  reforms. 

The  Generalissimo  has  his  wife  con- 
stantly at  his  side  serving  as  his  represen- 
tative, his  liason  officer,  and  interpreter. 
She  compiles  for  him  a  daily  digest  of  the 
world's  news,  and  handles  all  his  inter- 


views with  foreigners.  In  addition  to  her 
many  responsibilities  she  still  personally 
directs  China's  air  force  and  purchases  all 
its  war  planes.  It  is  obvious,  therefore, 
what  a  needless  question  it  would  be  to 
ask  how  she  manages  to  keep  such  a  trim 
and  youthful  figure! 

In  imagination  one  may  well  ask  of 
her,  "Do  you  ever  find  yourself  dis- 
couraged in  your  aims  to  regenerate 
China?"  Quick  as  a  flash  this  would 
probably  be  the  answer  to  help  bolster 
up  the  morale  of  China's  womanhood  in 
this  darkest  hour  of  China's  rebirth.  "At 
times — but  I  firmly  believe  that  great 
persistence  and  self-sacrifice  will  win  out 
in  the  end,  and  the  regeneration  of  China 
will  come — no  matter  what  happens." 
Her  actions  long  belie  a  nature  unfet- 
tered and  unafraid,  but  what  she  has  to 
say  marks  her  as  a  true  statesman. 

China  is  undergoing  a  renaissance 
vastly  more  significant  that  the  one  in 
Europe  and  without  a  doubt  the  day  will 
come  when  the  achievements  of  Soong 
Mei-Ling  and  Chiang  Kai-shek  will  be 
fully  recognized  and  recorded.  For  the 
present,  I  repeat,  happy  is  the  man  who 
is  blessed  with  an  ideal  mother  before 
him  and  a  good  wife  back  of  him.  And. 
200  million  Chinese  women  can't  go 
wrong  with  such  a  one  as  Mme.  Chiang 
as  their  leader.  .  .  .  P'ing-  Yu. 


FASHIONS  FOR  THE 
"HUDDLE"  SEASON 

L.  M.  L. 

Got  a  football  date?  Are  you  won- 
dering what  to  wear?  Here's  some  sug- 
gestions you  could  "team  up"  with  which 
would  carry  you  through  the  goal  line 
of  chic-ness. 

First,  suede  is  the  password,  ladies! 
Suede  from  head  to  toe  is  no  exaggerated 
statement  but  expresses  exactly  the  posi- 
tion of  that  soft,  flattering  leather  that 
is  now  used  for  suits,  skirts,  collars, 
blouses,  purses,  and  shoes.  Suede  is  very- 
practical  as  it  doesn't  tear  so  easily  when 
you  use  all  your  energy  rooting  for  your 
favorite  team. 

Hand  in  hand  with  suede  is  plaid, 
which  is  the  season's  second  highlight  in 
sportswear.  Wear  it  in  conjunction  with 
your  refer  coat — which  to  our  relief  will 
stay  for  another  six  months!  Single  and 
straight  lines  are  favored  by  the  coeds  for 
their  plaid  costumes. 

Tweed  suits  plus  your  top  coat  (should 
vou  have  one  to  match)  would  be  cor- 
(ContinueJ  on  p.  19,  col.  1) 


November,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


CHINESE   DISCOVERIES 
AND  INVENTIONS 

(Last  month  the  author  described  the 
evolution  of  the  Chinese  Civil  Service 
system;  in  this  issue  he  outlines  the  meth- 
ods by  which  candidates  receive  their 
academic  degrees  and  cum  laude  titles.) 

The   Bachelor   Degree 

The  regular  examination  for  the  lowest 
or  hsiu  ts'ai  degree  is  performed  in  the 
prefectural  city  (fu)  before  the  prefect 
(chih-fu)  and  the  literary  chancellor,  as- 
sisted by  a  literary  magistrate  (lciao  shao 
or  "Giver  of  Instruction") .  Since  schol- 
ars may  come  from  as  many  as  a  dozen 
surrounding  district  cities,  the  number 
may  be  as  many  as  4,000.  Where  the 
city  does  not  have  a  large  enough  exami- 
nation hall  the  first  session  is  held  in 
relay. 

Each  candidate  is  required  to  employ 
a  "surety"  who  coaches  the  candidate  on 
the  procedure  of  the  examination  and 
who  guarantees  at  the  risk  of  being  de- 
moted that  the  candidate  is  the  person 
registered.  The  surety  must  be  an  ad- 
vanced hsui  ts'ai  or  ling  sheng  hsui  ts'ai. 

The  candidates  are  seated  "alphabetic- 
ally"— that  is,  according  to  the  Millen- 
ary classic  (the  Tien  ti  yuan  huang) . 
This  poem  has  a  thousand  words  no  two 
of  which  are  alike  and  is  as  well  mem- 
orized by  scholars  as  the  Lord's  Prayer. 
As  the  student  registers,  his  name  is 
placed  opposite  one  of  these  words  with 
a  numerical  subdivision  (as  tien  one,  tien 
two,  tien  three,  etc.) .  Entering  the  exam- 
ination hall  the  student  finds  the  table 
with  his  Millenary  character  and  the  seat 
with  his  numerical  subdivision.  Later, 
the  winners  are  not  announced  by  name 
but  by  this  code. 

The  candidates  range  in  age  from  early 
teens  to  those  barely  able  to  walk.  They 
are  searched  thoroughly  before  entering 
the  hall,  to  prevent  smuggling  in  of 
copied  material.  Those  who  leave  the 
table  or  even  move  around  without  per- 
mission are  punished  and  rejected  from 
the  hall. 

The  registration  and  selection  of 
themes  are  arranged  by  the  district  mag- 
istrate, the  sub-chancellor,  and  the  Pre- 
fect. The  examination  is  quite  similar  to 
the  trial  examination,  the  last  session  be- 
ing under  very  strict  supervision  by  the 
chancellor  himself.  The  number  who 
pass  varies  from  twenty  to  thirty  or  about 
one  per  cent,  although  the  number  may 
be  increased  or  deceased  a  little  depend- 
ing on  the  returns  of  the  annual  reve- 
nue of  that  region.    A  signal  gun  ends 


this  examination.  The  successful  scholar 
escorts  the  chancellor  to  the  next  city 
where  he  is  to  hold  another  examination 
before  returning  home. 

These  happy  scholars  are  awarded  a 
pewter  button  for  their  hats,  the  button 
being  really  the  equivalent  of  a  badge. 
If  they  prefer  they  may  buy  a  brass  one, 
both  being  the  lowest  of  nine  grades  of 
official  buttons.  The  scholars  are  also 
showered  with  minor  prizes,  such  as  porce- 
lain ink  boxes,  books,  pencils,  etc.  They 
are  now  respected  as  model  citizens,  free 
from  corporal  punishment  before  any 
magistrate. 

As  soon  as  the  candidate  is  known  to 
have  passed,  a  red  paper  form  bearing  his 
name  is  prepared  and  a  messenger  is 
posted  off  to  the  graduate's  home.  An- 
nouncement cards  may  also  be  had  com- 
mercially. The  essays  of  those  who  passed 
are  sent  to  the  Board  of  Rites  in  Peking 
and  filed.  No  diploma  is  given,  but  im- 
postors have  a  difficult  time,  for  schol- 
ars have  many  questions  which  only  the 
successful  candidate  can  answer  adequate- 
ly. The  hanging  of  the  board  to  an- 
nounce the  successful  scholar  is  called 
Fu-ming  or  "having  a  name  in  the  De- 
partment." 

There  is  also  a  special  section  in  this 
examination  for  hsiu  ts'ai  who  are  not 
ready  for  the  chu  jen  examination,  for  it 
is  required  that  bachelors  be  examined 
once  every  succeeding  year  to  show  that 
they  have  not  slipped  in  their  study.  At 
these  examinations  the  lower  fourth  is 
considered  to  have  failed,  and  must  try 
again  the  following  year.  Ten  such  fail- 
ures means  the  loss  of  his  original  title. 
If  he  succeeds  he  is  given  the  title  of 
advanced  or  ling  sheng  hsui  ts'ai,  and 
receives  a  small  scholarship  for  further 
studies. 

The  ling  sheng  graduates  who  have  no 
desire  to  become  a  chu  jen  are  required  to 
compete  at  the  triennial  examination  for 
a  special  degree,  which  is  that  of  kung- 
sheng.  This  is  a  similar  to  our  LL.D. 
Only  one  such  title  is  said  to  be  awarded 
at  each  of  these  examinations,  but  there 
are  four  other  procedures  by  which  one 
might  secure  this  title  (such  as  a  dona- 
tion for  building  the  Examination  hall, 
distinguished  deeds,  etc.).  The  kung 
sheng  are  permitted  to  wear  a  semi-offic- 
ial robe,  are  exempt  from  further  hsiu- 
ts'ai  examinations,  are  addressed  by  titles 
of  respect,  and  better  still,  may  be  can- 
didates to  Superintendents  of  Instruction, 
a  very  lucrative  position.  The  income  for 
this  office  is  derived  from  a  tract  of  land 


set  aside  for  this  office,  presents  of  grain 
collected  publicly  twice  a  year,  and  from 
fees  of  graduates  taking  the  examina- 
tion. 

The  Master  Degree 

Once  in  three  years  the  Bachelors  re- 
pair to  the  provincial  capital  to  engage 
in  competition  for  the  second  or  chu  jen 
degree.  The  average  age  of  these  schol- 
ars was  found  to  be  thirty.  The  number 
participating  is  from  4,000  to  8,000. 
Three  sessions  of  three  days  each  are  re- 
quired, falling  regularly  on  the  9th,  the 
12th  and  the  15th  of  the  eighth  moon 
throughout  the  empire. 

Scholars  take  this  examination  in  cells. 
They  are  searched  before  entering,  and 
the  cells  are  sealed  with  strips  of  paper. 
Those  who  break  through  liecause  of  sick- 
ness or  hysteria  are  not  permitted  to  con- 
tinue, although  no  disgrace  is  attached 
to  this,  their  names  being  merely  "pasted 
out"  of  the  list.  Cheaters  and  those  who 
moved  about  without  permission  are  pun- 
ished and  forbidden  from  all  further 
examinations.  The  strain  of  this  exami- 
nation is  severe,  about  a  hundred  being 
dropped  from  the  list  because  of  sickness, 
mental  disorders,  or  death  before  the 
examination  is  over. 

The  Examination  hall  (Kung  Yuan) , 
in  the  southeastern  corner  of  Canton 
(now  demolished)  is  1,330  feet  long, 
583  feet  wide,  and  covers  16  acres.  A 
wall  surrounds  the  entire  campus,  with 
guards  at  all  entrances.  There  is  a  paved 
central  avenue  lined  with  trees.  There 
are  36  rows  of  cells  on  each  side  of  this 
passage,  60  cells  to  each  row.  Entrance 
to  each  row  is  through  one  side  door  only. 
Each  cell  is  five  feet  nine  inches  long  by 
three  feet  eight  inches  wide.  A  plank 
across  the  cell  serves  as  a  combination  bed 
and  table. 

In  this  examination  penmanship  is  un- 
important, for  the  essays  are  copied  by 
scribes  and  forwarded  to  the  examiners 
with  only  a  number  affixed.  This  is  to 
prevent  favoritism  on  the  part  of  the 
judges.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the 
market  sold  compilations  of  previous  ex- 
aminations. The  questions  cover  a 
fairly  wide  range  of  subjects,  Dr.  W.  A. 
P.  Martin  pointing  to  the  following  as 
examples: 

"How  do  the  rival  schools  of  Wang 
and  Ching  differ  in  respect  to  the  exposi- 
tion of  the  meaning  and  the  criticism  of 
the  text  of  the  Book  of  Changes? 

"The  great  historian  Sze  Ma  Ch'ien 
prides  himself  on  having  gathered  much 
(Continued  on  p.  18,  col.  1) 


rIA 


Page   10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


JilKWWW 


November,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  11 


CHINATOWNIA 


"Today  every  one  of  us  Chinese  must  fight 
according  to  our  ability  in  order  to  preserve 
national  unity  and  defend  ourselves  against 
aggression.  We  women  are  citizens  just  as 
much  as  are  our  men  .  .  .  our  line  of  useful- 
ness may  be  different  but  each  must  do  what 
best  can  be  done  to  contribute  our  share  to 
rescue  our  nation  from  defeat  and  slavery. 

"While  during  war  time  the  men  are  the 
fighters,  it  is  the  women  who  bear  the  brunt 
of  carrying  on  at  the  rear."  These  were  some 
of  the  words  spoken  by  Mme.  Chiang  Kai-Shek 
recently  in  Nanking  to  representatives  of 
women's  societies.  The  women  of  S.  F.  China- 
town did  not  hear  these  words,  but  they 
already  knew  what  they  could  do,  not  for 
the  soldiers  of  China,  but  for  those  who  must 
suffer  as  a  result  of  war — the  common  people 
of  the  land.  They  proceeded  to  make  clothing. 

Picture  No.  1  reveals  two  garment  cutters 
readying  whole  cloth  for  the  women  in  No.  3 
to  make  into  patterns,  while  the  girl  in  the 
center  picture  is  already  making  a  garment 
on  her  machine.  The  garment  cutters  and 
the  women  pattern  makers  are  mployees  in 
the  Nationol  Dollar  Store  factory  at  720 
Washington  Street.  Picture  No.  2  shows  mem- 
bers of  the  Chinese  Women  War  Zone  Re- 
fugee Relief  committee  making  "Lucky  Coins" 
to  be  sold  for  relief  funds,  while  No.  4  shows 
a  young  girl  reading  the  latest  Chinese  war 
bulletin    to   the  older   woman. 

No.  5  shows  a  few  of  the  boys  who  picketed 
the  Japanese  bazaars  in  Chinatown  on  Oc- 
tober 10.    (See  story  elsewhere  in  this  issue.) 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,   1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


NEW  YORK  CHINATOWN  I ANS' 
REFUGEE  RELIEF  WORK 

By  Sophia  Chu 
New  York  Correspondent 

(New  York  City  is  the  home  of  the 
second  largest  Chinese  colony  in  the 
United  States.  Since  the  beginning  of 
Sino-Japanese  hostilities  the  ten  thou- 
sands Chinese  there  have  been  as  active 
in  raising  relief  funds  for  the  Mother- 
land as  their  1,000  compatriots  in  San 
Francisco  and  thousands  of  others  in 
numerous  cities  of  this  country.  There- 
fore we  requested  our  New  York  corre- 
spondent to  write  a  short  article  describ- 
ing certain  outstanding  fund  raising  ac- 
tivities conducted  by  the  second  genera- 
tion Chinese  there  and  the  names  of  the 
organizations  participating  in  them.  Miss 
Chu  has  complied  with  the  following 
article. — Editor.) 

New  York  City,  in  consideration  of 
its  size,  has  a  very  small  Chinatown.  In 
fact,  it  can  boast  of  a  Chinese  populace 
of  but  10,000  people  in  Greater  New 
York,  a  term  which  applies  to  the  city  and 
surrounding  towns  within  a  thirty-mile 
radius.  But  it  can  boast,  too,  of  the 
most  generous,  most  patriotic  and  most 
homeland-loving  group  of  Chinese  one 
can  find  anywhere.  In  this  present  drive 
for  funds  to  send  home  to  aid  the  refu- 
gees, especially  commendable  is  the  work 
of  the  younger  group  of  N.  Y.  China- 
townians.  The  following  is  an  attempt  to 
set  down  what  these  young  people  have 
done  to  raise  funds  and  the  various  means 
which  they  went  about  it. 

First  of  all,  the  scope  of  activities  has 
been  a-  wide  and  varied  one.  There  have 
been  plays  and  concerts,  boat  rides, 
dances,  street  processions  and  demonstra- 
tions, "flower-selling,"  and  direct  solicita- 
tion of  funds.  The  most  active  of  the 
junior  groups  in  the  city  are  the  Chi- 
nese Athletic  club,  the  Edserbros,  the 
Jeune  Doc  society,  the  Chinese  Students' 


LEW  DUN  QUAN 

St.  Mary's  School 
Chinese  Music  Instructor 


Private  Lessons 

833  Clay  St. 

Business  Phone 
CHina  1381 


All  Instruments 

San  Francisco 

Residence    Phone 
CHina  1945 


league,  the  Ging  Hawk  club,  and  the 
New  York  unit  of  the  Boy  Scouts  of 
America.  The  C.  A.  C.  is  the  oldest  and 
has  by  far  the  largest  membership.  The 
C.  S.  L.  is  the  only  co-ed  group.  The 
other  units  have  comparatively  few  mem- 
bers, (in  most  cases  from  twenty  to 
twenty-five)  but  every  one  in  every  club 
has  contributed  money  and  services  whole- 
heartedly to  the  cause  of  China.  A  re- 
cent federation  of  these  clubs  (all  except 
the  C.  S.  L.)  sponsored  a  boat  ride  on 
Sept.  1,  marking  the  first  large  benefit  of 
this  city  since  Sino-Japanese  hostilities 
began.  This  federation  is  known  as  the 
Young  People's  league.  Stage  presenta- 
tions to  date  were  not  sponsored  by  any 
of  the  younger  factions,  but  the  latter 
aided  by  acting  in  certain  roles.  Especial- 
ly noteworthy  was  a  short  operatic  skit 
with  two  characters;  the  parts  were  well 
handled  by  Florence  Lee  and  Mildred  Lee 
Tom,  both  J.  D.  S.  members.  Then,  on 
the  afternon  of  Sept.  17,  the  C.  S.  L. 
led  a  parade  and  demonstration  in  the 
uptown  sectors  of  the  city.  Many  par- 
ticipated, despite  a  disheartening  drizzle. 

The  evening  of  that  same  day  another 
important  benefit  was  held — the  J.  D.  S. 
Moon  festival  and  dance.  It  was  a  huge 
success — to  the  tune  of  about  $1250 
— because  the  folks  were  willing.  The 
town  merchants  were  willing  to  donate 
beauteous  gifts  for  prizes,  the  bakers 
furnished  refreshments  for  the  dancers, 
and  all  others  bought  freely  of  the  tickets. 
Another  benefit  dance  was  the  G.  H.  C.'s 
Jack  O'Lantern  dance  on  Oct.  28.  The 
girls  featured  a  cake-baking  contest,  which 
was  a  unique  feature. 

Another  group  running  hither  and 
thither  is  the  Student  Forum,  the  group 
that  publishes  the  Student  Voice.  Pro- 
ceeds from  their  October  issue  are  going 
back  home  to  help  the  unfortunates  in 
China's  war-torn  areas,  so  they  are  work- 


Bartending 

Taught  in  30  Days 
UNION    INSTRUCTORS 

Once  a  Member  Always 
a  Member 

No  time  linvt 

Standard  Bartending 
School 


49   Maiden    Lane 


EXbrook  8104 


ing  doubly  hard.  They  have  enlisted 
the  aid  of  restaurant  owners  in  the  dis- 
posal of  copies  and  expect  to  sell  2,000 
copies  at  25  cents  each  by  this  and  other 
means.  Then  there  are  the  lecturers  who 
go  from  young  group  to  young  group, 
infusing  patriotic  sentiment,  and  teaching 
the  way  to  peace  through  economic  boy- 
cotts. Among  the  most  recent  and  most 
enlightening  messengers  were  the  author 
of  "Four-hundred  Million  Customers" 
— Carl  Crow — and  the  editor  of  China 
Today — R.  A.  Howell.  Then  there  are 
Lin  Yutang,  Hu  Shih,  Chi  Chao-Ting, 
and  our  Consul  Yu.  These  lectures  are 
going  on  with  telling  results  today,  to 
American  and  Chinese  audiences  alike, 
instilling  in  their  minds  the  futility  of  this 
present  conflict,  and  the  necessity  of  time- 
ly intervention  by  foreign  powers. 

The  above  is  a  brief  review  of  the  relief 
work  that  has  been  going  on  among  the 
younger  patriots.  But  these  Y.  P.'s  are 
not  even  stopping  for  breath;  they  go  on 
planning  and  planning  new  ways  and 
means  of  helping  Mother  China.  If  cer- 
tain plans  materialize,  radio  broadcasts, 
replete  with  dramatic  depictions  of  Jap- 
anese-authored horrors,  with  talks  by 
famous  authorities  on  the  Sino-Japanese 
issue,  and  with  music  and  other  entertain- 
ment by  American  and  Chinese  sympa- 
thizers, will  be  aired  to  solicit  more  con- 
tributions. The  estimates  of  a  certain  big 
broadcast  director  are  being  seriously  con- 
sidered. Then  stations  where  old  clothes 
and  medical  supplies  for  China's  home- 
less and  sick  in  the  war  zone  may  be  col- 
lected will  be  set  up  at  regular  intervals. 
Of  course,  there  are  those  already  in 
charge  of  the  collection  of  old  clothes 
for  this  purpose,  but  it  is  not  enough. 

And  so,  this  refugee  relief  work  goes 
on,  and  one  can  well  say,  after  having 
witnessed  all  these  activities,  that  New 
York's  Chiantownians  are  not  one  whit 
behind  in  their  patriotic  efforts  than  their 
brethren  in  other  parts  of  the  United 
States. 


(Continued    from    p.    8) 

FASHIONS 

rect  to  wear  to   the  game   and   also   for 
after-the-game  dinner. 

As  to  colors  the  season's  latest  are  dahl- 
ia are  colors.  This  is  the  name  applied  to 
shades  of  wine  and  reddish  purple.  An- 
other color  is  October  brown — the  classic 
fall  color  with  grass  green.  Another 
high  light  also  is  Armor  green — a  blue, 
grayish  green. 


jr 


November,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


Dr.  Margaret  Chung, 
medical 


M.  D.,  personally  addressing   the  boxes  of 
supplies  to  be  sent  to  China. 


CHINESE  PHYSICIAN  SENDS 
MEDICAL  SUPPLIES  TO  REFUGEES 

Dr.  Margaret  Chung's  recently  suc- 
cessful benefit  show  to  raise  funds  for 
medical  supplies  to  China's  war  refugees 
grossed  around  #900.  After  deducting 
expenses  some  #733  clear  profit  was 
turned  over  to  Dr.  Chung's  personally 
appointed  committee.  The  nodical  sup- 
plies were  purchased  at  wholesale  prices 
from  the  Varne  Drug  company  in  San 
Francisco.  Mr.  Schwartz,  president  of  the 
drug  concern,  was  so  impressed  by  the 
drive  that  he  contributed  an  additional 
#1000  worth  of  drugs. 

With  the  shipment,  Dr.  Chung  sent 
the  following  letter  addressed  to  Mrs.  Sun 


L 


Fo  and  Mrs.  T.  V.  Soong  of  the  Na- 
tional Women's  Relief  association:  "I  am 
very  pleased  to  be  able  to  send  to  you 
#1700  worth  of  drugs,  medical  supplies, 
and  vaccines  for  use  of  the  needy  in 
China.  The  funds  which  made  this  pos- 
sible were  obtained  by  a  midnight  benefit 
show  in  one  of  the  local  theaters.  Some 
of  the  drugs  were  donated  to  us  by  one 
of  the  pharmaceutical  houses.  I  hope  to 
be  able  to  send  you  more  supplies  from 
time  to  time." 

Dr.  Chung  is  at  present  speaking  and 
conducting  discussions  among  various 
civic  organizations,  women's  clubs,  and 
educational  centers,  urging  all  her  friends 
and  hearers  to  support  all  drives  to  aid 


war  refugees  and  the  wounded.  Dr. 
Chung  states:  "The  work  being  done  by 
the  various  Chinese  organizations  is 
worthy  of  the  highest  commendation.  In 
my  own  efforts  I  have  hoped  only  to 
reach  those  whom  larger  organizations 
haven't  time  to  reach." 


CHINESE  NURSERY 
SCHOOL  SENDS  CALL 
FOR  HELP 

Wanted:    a    Turkey 

Last  year,  through  the  coopera- 
tion of  the  Chinese  Digest,  the  Chi- 
nese Nursery  school  at  the  Y.  W. 
C.  A.  received  generous  gifts  of 
colored  eggs  and  candy  at  Easter- 
time.  With  the  arrival  of  Thanks- 
giving came  a  large  turkey  and  an 
order  for  Borden's  milk.  The  gifts 
of  turkey  and  candy  were  sent 
anonymously  by  a  young  business 
man  in  Watsonville  who  said  that 
he  realized  how  vital  it  is  to  the 
psychological  health  of  the  chil- 
dren to  know  that  they  are  be- 
ing cared  for  and  that  the  com- 
munity looks  out  for  their  welfare. 
The  order  for  Borden's  milk  was 
sent  by  another  business  man  who 
recognized  how  essential  pure  milk 
is  to  the  growing  child. 

Miss  Marjorie  Samples,  director 
of  the  nursery  school,  recently  sent 
a  letter  to  the  Chinese  Digest 
thanking  the  publication  for  its 
past  efforts  and  expressing  the  hope 
that  the  Digest  would  again  send 
forth  an  "S.  O.  S."  for  a  turkey 
for  the  children's  next  holiday, 
November  25. 


MODERN  CHINESE  BUSINESS 
MEN  AND  HEALTH 

Both  from  a  health-giving  and  an 
energy-giving  standpoint,  modern  Chi- 
nese executives  are  taking  milk  with  their 
meals.  This  was  the  interesting  observa- 
tion made  in  Chinatown's  most  fre- 
quented restaurants.  "While  milk  is  gen- 
erally requested,  occasionally  some  cus- 
tomers want  variation,"  said  John  Kan  at 
the  Fong  Fong  creamery.  "One  of  our 
steady  customers  wants  his  milk  with  just 
a  drop  of  syrup  in  it.  Elderly  men  often 
ask  for  hot  milk  as  night  caps." 

At  Mary's  cafe,  rendezous  for  the 
younger  set,  there  are  occasional  de- 
mands for  buttermilk. 


Poge   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  ,1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


BADMINTON  MATCH 

The  Chinese  Badminton  club  will  play 
its  first  interclub  match  of  the  season 
at  7:30  p.  m.,  Thursday,  Nov.  4,  at 
the  Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Their  oppon- 
ents will  be  members  of  the  Net  'N 
Feather  club  of  the  Central  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
The  public  is  cordially  invited  to  attend. 

This  match  should  be  interesting,  for 
it  demonstrates  two  opposite  types  of 
playing.  The  Americans  will  use  a  hard 
smashing  and  deep  lobing  back  court 
game,  while  the  Chinese  will  depend 
mainly  on  strategy,  resulting  in  place- 
ments and  the  so-called  "droo"  or  "dink" 
shot. 

Under  the  leadership  of  Fay  Bowman, 
the  Net  'N  Feather  is  a  newly  organized 
club  which  expects  to  go  far. 

The  Chinese  Badminton  club  is  limited 
to  a  membership  of  40.  As  added  inter- 
est grows  this  quota  will  soon  be  filled. 
At  their  last  meeting  five  new  members 
swelled  their  ranks. 

o 

CHINESE  SCHOOL 
TO  BE  ESTABLISHED 

Philadelphia,  Pa. — The  local  branch  of 
the  Kuomintang,  the  Chinese  Student 
club  and  the  local  chapter  of  the  Chinese 
American  Citizens  alliance  are  cooperat- 
ing in  an  effort  to  establish  a  Chinese 
school  here,  specializing  in  the  teaching 
of  Mandarin.  Such  a  school  is  badly 
needed  here,  announced  the  organizers, 
because  Philadelphia's  Chinese  have  been 
without  a  Chinese  language  school  for 
over  ten  years. 


PHILADELPHIA  CHINESE 
CONTRIBUTE  FOR  RELIEF 

Philadelphia,  Pa. — This  city,  with  a 
Chinese  population  of  not  more  than 
1500,  helped  swell  the  overseas  Chinese 
refugee  fund  for  China  by  more  than 
#5000  dollars  after  two  public  benefits 
recently. 


Gkineie.  1(/o>Ju 

4  Ait 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


The  relief  fund  committee  held  a  boat 
ride  down  the  Delaware  river  and  col- 
lected #2000. 

On  Oct.  10  a  dragon  dance  was  staged, 
and  the  entire  Chinese  population  turned 
out  for  the  event.  Going  from  door  to 
door  in  which  bills  or  bags  of  money  were 
hung  for  it  to  "consume,"  the  dragon 
collection  totaled  #3,200. 

Active  in  helping  to  raise  relief  funds 
are  this  city's  four  Chinese  youth  organi- 
zations, the  Chinese  Student  club,  the 
Chinese  Christian  Endeavor  society,  the 
Chinese  Republican  club,  and  the  local 
branch  of  the  Chinese  American  Citizens' 
alliance. 


CHINESE  SCREEN 
PLAYERS  ORGANIZED 
FOR  WAR  RELIEF 

Los  Angeles — Chinese  members  of  the 
Screen  Actors'  guild  here  have  recently 
organized  a  Chinese  Relief  Headquarters 
to  collect  funds,  clothing,  and  medical 
supplies  for  China's  war  refugees. 

The  organization's  headquarters  is  a 
200  by  200  feet  warehouse  owned  by  Tom 
Gubbins,  screen  actors'  agent,  who  had 
offered  it  for  the  organization's  use.  The 
C.  R.  H.  is  headed  by  Jehim  F.  Wong, 
assisted  by  Mrs.  Daisy  Lee,  Victor 
Young,  Mrs.  Grace  Lem,  Lily  Kim,  Kam 
Wong,  Sam  Tong,  Kam  Tong,  and 
others. 

The  organization  has  already  collected 
and  dispatched  to  China  2 1  tons  of  cloth- 
ing and  useful  commodities,  and  intends 


Out  of  Town 

CHINESE  DIGEST 

Sales  Agencies 

Oakland — 

Bowen    Sales   Co. 

(Fountain  Service 

800  Webster  St. 

A    Fook   Tong 

(General   Merchandise) 

708  Webster  St. 
Stockton — 

Lee   Yuen    Co. 

(Magazines   and  Cigars) 

101    E.  Washington  St. 
Fresno — 

Twin   Dragon   Creamery 

(Soft  Drinks  and  Refreshments) 

1516  Tulare  Street 
Bakerfield — 

Service   Meat  Market 

1336   Eighteenth  St. 
Los  Angeles — 

Plaza   Service    Station 

(Gas  and  Oil) 

426  N.  Los  Angeles  St. 

Other  cities  can  apply  to  the 

CHINESE  DIGEST 

as  distributors 


to  collect  80  tons  more.  Members  are 
rehearsing  for  a  benefit  show  to  be  given 
at  the  Biltmore  theatre  sometime  in  No- 
vember. One  successful  benefit  show  has 
already  been  presented  in  August. 

Previously,  Chinese  and  other  oriental 
players  and  extras  working  in  the  "Marco 
Polo"  picture  set  had  collected  #612.50 
(U.  S.)  for  refugee  relief.  The  total 
amount  had  already  been  sent  to  China. 

MR.  YEE  HAD  A 
CLOSE  SHAVE 

Los  Angeles — At  the  height  of  the 
Sino- Japanese  war  in  China,  one  Yee 
Moon  had  to  choose  Mrs.  Kiyoko  Miyeo's 
Japanese  barber  shop  for  a  haircut.  A 
group  of  Mrs.  Miyeo's  countrymen  dis- 
covered this  when  Yee  was  ready  to  be 
shaved.  The  Japanese  gathered  in  front 
of  the  barber  shop  and  with  many  hisses 
suggested  that  a  slip  of  Mrs.  Miyeo's 
razor  would  be  a  service  rendered  her 
country.  Yee  Moon  was  rescued  by  the 
police  who  learned  of  his  unhappy  situa- 
tion in  time. 


STUDENT  RECEPTION 
HELD 

Los  Angeles — The  Students'  associa- 
tion of  Southern  California  held  its  fall 
reception  for  the  new  and  old  students  at 
International  house  recently.  The  tea 
was  presided  over  by  Miss  Marjorie 
Leung,  with  Consul  T.  K.  Chang  as 
honor  guest.  President  Eugene  Choy  an- 
nounced that  half  of  the  money  from  the 
sale  of  the  association's  Activity  Cards 
would  either  go  to  help  students  from 
China  whose  allowances  have  been  tem- 
porarily stopped  because  of  the  Sino- 
Japanese  war,  or  donated  for  refugee 
relief.   B.  L. 


SPEAKERS'  BUREAU 
ORGANIZED  BY  STUDENTS 

Los  Angeles — Under  direction  of  Con- 
sul T.  K.  Chang  of  Los  Angeles,  a 
speakers'  bureau  has  been  organized  bv 
the  Chinese  Students'  association  of 
Southern  California.  Planned  to  acquaint 
the  American  public  on  the  present  Far 
Eastern  situation,  the  bureau  has  already 
filled  many  requests  for  speakers  from 
civic  organizations,  campus  forums,  wom- 
en's clubs,  peace  organizations,  and  other 
groups.  Members  of  this  bureau  are  se- 
lected from  among  the  Chinese  students 
attending  ten  of  the  universities  and  col- 
leges in  the  vicnity  of  Los  Angeles.  The 
present  roster  of  volunteer  speakers  in- 
clude Vincent  Shih,  Richard  Shih,  T.  E. 


W^^Sr  -    'W   %tij;ppp#;- 


November,   1937 


CHFNESE     DIGEST 


Page  15 


C  H  I  N  A  T  O  W  N  I  A 


Chan,  Young  Chiu,  Guy  Ho,  Edward 
Gee,  Elsie  Young,  Pearl  Wong,  Arthur 
Chen,  Donald  de  Bock,  David  Louie, 
Edna  Lee,  Frederick  Jung,  D.  Hsing,  Y. 
H.  Wu,  Dr.  Henry  Lee,  Dr.  Frank  Y. 
Lee,  Ernest  Ching,  T.  Leung,  and  Eu- 
gene Choy.  B.  L. 


COMMUNITY  VOTES 
FOR  BOYCOTT  OF 
JAPANESE  GOODS 

San  Francisco — Having  finished  rais- 
ing its  initial  quota  of  more  than  a  mil- 
lion dollars  Chinese  money  for  war  refu- 
gee relief  in  China,  leaders  of  the  com- 
munity here  sat  around  the  council  table 
in  the  Chinese  Six  Companies  to  pon- 
der other  measures  to  aid  their  mother- 
land. 

Inevitably,  the  question  of  boycotting 
of  Japanese  goods  was  raised.  Without 
a  dissenting  voice,  it  was  voted  that,  as 
of  Oct.  1  the  overseas  Chinese  in  Ameri- 
ca were  asked  to  boycott  Japanese  pro- 
ducts. Of  course,  a  general  boycott  was 
already  in  effect  at  that  time,  but  the 
vote  of  the  Chinese  War  Relief  associa- 
tion served  to  put  an  official  stamp  on 
this  movement. 

It  was  ruled  that  the  boycotting  of 
Japanese  goods  would  include  the  cessa- 
tion of  all  intercourse  of  a  commercial 
nature  with  the  latter.  Chinese  stores 
found  selling  or  purchasing  Japanese 
commodities  would  be  subject  to  $500 
fines;  whereas  individuals  caught  buying 
Japanese  goods  would  also  be  fined  a 
minimum  of  $5  and  up. 

Meantime,  the  publicity  committee  of 
the  war  relief  association  had  printed 
thousands  of  placards  asking  the  general 
public  to  help  halt  Japan's  invasion  in 
China  by  refusing  to  purchase  Japanese 
made  products.  These  placards  were 
placed  in  conspicuous  positions  in  practic- 
ally all  Chinatown  stores.  This  com- 
mittee was  also  planning  the  publication 
of  a  pamphlet  to  make  known  the  facts 
of  the  present  Sino- Japanese  conflict  to 
the  public. 

o 

At  Sun  Wah  Kue,  the  busy  cafe  on 
Washington  street,  milk  is  in  constant  de- 
mand by  the  younger  business  men.  This 
is  especially  noticeable  at  noon  when 
young  insurance  agents,  automobile  sales- 
men, and  junior  executives  ask  for  milk 
with  their  meals.  The  manager,  Mr. 
Wong,  says  that  these  young  men  are 
among  his  most  progressive  customers. 


SHINING  SHOES  TO 
AID  REFUGEES 

San  Francisco  —  Recognizing 
their  motherland's  desperate  need 
for  funds  for  war  refugees  relief, 
Chinatown's  17,000  citizens  dur- 
ing the  past  three  months  have 
devised  scores  of  ways  and  means 
to  obtain  contributions  with  the 
minimum  of  expense  and  efforts, 
from  sales  of  paper  flowers  to  bene- 
fit shows  and  dances.  However, 
what  was  considered  the  most 
clever  and  unusual  techinque  was 
the  following: 

The  St.  Mary's  Chinese  lan- 
guage school  organized  80  of  its 
pupils  into  a  "shoeshiners'  brigade" 
and  sent  them  out  to  shine  shoes 
at  5  cents  per  person,  the  entire 
proceeds  of  their  labor  to  go  for 
the  relief  fund.  In  two  months 
these  boys  turned  in  $600  (U.  S.) 

This  means  that  a  total  of 
12,000  pair  of  shoes  have  been 
shined,  and  that  each  member  of 
this  brigade  has  averaged  150  pairs. 
And  the  "shoeshiners'  brigade"  is 
still  continuing  their  patriotic  work. 


U.  S.  FAVORS  BOYCOTT 

(Continued  from  p.  7) 
the  side  of  peace  in  what  they  considered 
the    most    effective    method    of    halting 
Japan's  aggression  in  China. 

In  San  Francisco  the  Maritime  Federa- 
tion's Bay  Area  district  council  called 
every  trade  union  in  the  city  to  participate 
in  a  coming  conference  to  discuss  ways 
and  means  of  boycotting  Japanese  goods. 
The  conference  is  scheduled  to  be  held 
November  7  at  the  Chinese  Native  Sons 
hall.  In  attendance  at  the  meeting  of 
this  Maritime  Federation  council  when 
this  conference  was  voted  were  two  Chi- 
nese. They  were  Ben  Fee,  Chinese  Na- 
tional Salvation  League  member,  and 
Sam  Young,  of  the  newly  organized 
Chinese  Workers,  Mutual  Aid  assn. 

Meantime,  at  Los  Angeles  a  new  or- 
ganization incorporated  in  California  as 
the  World  Peace  by  Boycott,  Inc.,  was 
drafting  plans  for  a  "peoples'  boycott"  of 
Japanese  products  as  a  protest  against 
Japanese  aggression  in  China.  In  a  state- 
ment, the  organization  declared  the  only 
"effective  way"  of  halting  the  undeclared 
war  in  the  Far  East,  outside  of  a  punitive 
war,  "is  by  a  boycott  of  Japanese  goods 


imposed  by  the  people  of  the  peace-loving 
nations  themselves." 

Actively  aiding  the  movement  to  boy- 
cott Japanese  goods  also  is  the  San  Fran- 
cisco branch  of  the  American  League 
Against  War  and  Fascism.  Members  of 
the  organization  have  staged  picketing 
demonstrations  before  the  local  Japan- 
ese consulate  and  the  Japanese  bazaars 
in  Chinatown. 


WILL  KING  STILL 
RECEIVES  FAN  MAIL 

Will  King,  whose  revues  at  the  Casino 
theater  used  to  be  the  most  popular  of 
entertainment  among  theater-goers  in 
San  Francisco  a  decade  and  a  half  ago, 
is  still  the  recipient  of  numerous  letters 
from  fans  all  over  California  urging  him 
to  put  on  grease  paint  once  more  and 
make  musical  comedies  the  main  attrac- 
tion of  San  Francisco. 

But  Mr.  King,  whose  memories  in- 
clude the  meeting  of  theatrical  stars  from 
all  over  the  country  and  whose  private 
li  fe  is  packed  with  happy  incidents  among 
the  gay  spots  of  San  Francisco,  is  content 
with  putting  all  his  energy  into  main- 
taining his  two  worthy  enterprises,  the 
Will  King's  Grill  and  Will  King's  Koffee 
Kup,  and  keeping  them  among  San  Fran- 
cisco's finest  restaurants.  During  his 
spare  time  he  makes  it  his  hobby  to  col- 
lect unusual  recipes  and  incorporates  the 
best  of  them  into  his  menus. 

Among  his  successes  are  "Frog  on  a 
Log,"  "Pig  in  the  Blanket,"  "Pan  Club 
Special,"  and  "Chicken  in  the  Coop,"  to 
name  but  a  few.  As  for  delectable  and 
healthful  dishes,  Mr.  King  advocates 
fruit  and  cottage  cheese  salads  as  well  as 
the  prodigious  use  of  milk  and  milk  pro- 
ducts. As  a  direct  result  of  Will  King's 
"fine  food"  policy,  his  two  restaurants  are 
the  meeting  places  for  gourmands.  Mr. 
King  commented  on  his  Chinese  cus- 
tomers as  being  among  the  most  cultivated 
and  well-mannered. 


WILL  KING'S 


fKOFFEE 
KUP 

1 8'*  Ave,  t  Peary 

WHERE     FOOD 

is  so  oooo  /r 

MAKCi  HUNOtR 
A   PIPASUREI 

Banquets 
BAyview3232 


OptlL  24  HOURS  A  DAY  / 


GRILL 

TAYLOR  STREET 

•MR.   MARKET 

MEETING  PLACE 
OF  HAPPY 
APPETITES' 

••• 

PlwTlE. 

PRospect  6982 


Page   16 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


November,  1937 


CHIN  ATOWNI  A 


THE  CHINATOWNIAN 

RoGtfU   A>tA44*td 


By  H.  K.  Wong 

Keep  Nov.  6  open  for  the  biggest 
young  people's  affair  for  refugee  relief  of 
the  month.  We  mean  the  Federation  of 
Chinese  Clubs'  Mammoth  Dragon  dance, 
with  all  the  trimmings,  including  a 
double  dragon  dance.  Young  people's 
clubs  have  held  plenty  of  benefit  af- 
fairs the  past  two  months,  but  this  is  one 
in  which  more  than  30  clubs  have  got- 
ten together  to  plan,  and  your  help  is 
asked  to  make  it  a  knockout  success.  .  .  . 
Incidentally,  the  Federation  will  also  spon- 
sor a  benefit  softball  game  to  be  played 
by  Wa  Sung  ...  the  date  is  tentatively 
set  for  Nov.   14.  .  .  . 

One  of  the  season's  best  dances  so  far 
was  the  Cal-U.  S.  C.  Chinese  affair. 
Over  250  folk  were  there,  and  some  of 
the  conspicuous  trojans  glimpsed  were 
Eugene  Choy,  Richard  Sih,  Marjorie 
Leung,  Elmer  Leung,  Richard  Tom, 
David  Hsung,  and  Jansen  Ho.  .  .  . 
Prexy  of  Cal.  students  Frank  Lim  and 
his  committee  did  a  good  job.  .  .  . 

Portland's  war  relief  benefit,  "A  Nite 
in  Cathay,"  Oct.  15  and  16  went  over 
with  a  bang  with  some  4000  people  in 
attendance.  Edgar  Lee  exhausted  himself 
getting  everything  in  shape.  With  Eva 
Moe  as  commentator,  the  following  gals 
delighted  the  crowd  with  their  colorful 
display  of  Chinese  gowns:  (remarks  after 
each  name  were  copied  from  a  spectator's 
program)  .  .  .  Madeline  Chinn  (lovely!) ; 
Mabel  Lee  (was  she  a  wow!) ;  Mrs.  Fred 
Moe  (nice!) ;  Mrs.  Dorothy  Lowe  (gee!) ; 
Mrs.  Owen  Goon  (such  poise!) ;  Dorothy 
Moe  (personality  keed!) ;  Pearl  Lee  (I'm 
speechless!) ;  Ruby  Coe  (oh  my,  oh  my!) ; 
Mrs.  Charles  Luck  (the  starr??) ;  Mil- 
dred Goon  (Ah-h-h!);  La  Lun  Chin 
(verara  verara  good!) ;  Rosie  Coe  (plenty 
nice!);  Nellie  Lee  (cute!);  Jessie  Lee 
(oh  boy!);  Dorothy  Lee  Hong  (the 
sweetest  model!);  Mrs.  Benjamin  Lee 
(graceful!).  .  .  . 

Warning:  get  your  kids  off  the 
streets  and  clear  all  lanes — -John  Hogan 
Lee  of  San  Mateo  is  learning  how  to 
drive!  However,  his  coach,  Skinny  Lee, 
said  he's  doing  fine  and  only  missed  an 
accident  by  a  hair.  .  .  .  Ervin  Wong,  son 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Earl  Wong,  is  back  in 
town  after  a  stay  in  China.  He  was 
aboard  the  President  Hoover  in  Shanghai 
when  the  ship  was  bombed  ....     Wilson 


and  Marshall  Lowe,  George  "Lemon" 
Tom,  Ethel  Gunn,  and  Allwyn  Chuck 
were  visitors  to  Bakersfield  and  attended 
the  L.  A.  benefit  dance.  The  Bakers- 
field  benefit  dance  also  drew  a  large 
crowd  ....  The  Bakersfield  J.  C.  has 
four  Chinese  students  instead  of  one  this 
term.  They  are  Rose  and  Lawrence  Le- 
ong,  Charles  Lum,  and  Edna  Jung.  The 
latter  is  prexy  of  the  Chinese  Student 
club,  while  Ella  Toy  is  the  only  Chinese 
in  Bakersfield  to  hold  a  class  office.  .  .  . 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  Chan  (May 
Louie)  spent  several  weeks  in  S.  F.  re- 
cently with  son  Philip.  Mr.  Chan,  a 
restaurant  owner,  drove  out  here  in  two 
and  a  half  days.  Fast  driving,  what?  .  .  . 
Mart  Young  of  L.  A.'s  Lowa  basketball 
team  also  paid  S.  F.  a  brief  visit.  She 
whaled  the  cover  off  the  ball  when  she 
played  paddle  tennis  with  a  local  netster. 
Now  he  waits  anxiously  for  the  incoming 
L.  A.  mail!  .... 

Walt  Wong,  sophomore  at  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  was 
recently  appointed  assistant  instructor  in 
operative  dentistry  specializing  in  gold 
foil  work.  Walt  graduated  from  St. 
Mary's  College  several  years  ago,  where 
he  was  a  No.  1,  and  No.  2  man  on  the 
college  tennis  team.  .  .  .  Locke's  Chinese 
school  casaba  teams  (105  and  125  lbs.) 
are  practicing  for  the  coming  season. 
On  the  teams  are  Bill  Jang,  Ping  Lee, 
Harry  Jang,  Richie  Chan,  George  Jang, 
Walt  and  Wallace  Owyang,  Ed  King, 
On  Lee,  and  Ernest  Chan.  .  .  .  Violet 
Chong  and  Jessie  Leong,  Isleton,  made 
over  600  paper  flowers  to  be  sold  for  re- 
fugee fund.  Peter  Yee  is  in  charge  of 
sales  with  the  town's  Chung  Wah 
school  helping  ....  Jaye  Bowen,  George 
Won,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Won  were  In- 
dian summer  visitors  to  Vancouver, 
Seattle,  and  Portland  ....  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Harold  Fong  of  Sac'to  hit  the  nite  spots 
of  our  city  on  a  rush  trip  here  recently 
.  .  .  Jane  Fong  of  Sacramento  and  S.  F.  is 
now  in  N.  Y.  and  not  expected  back  un- 
til next  year.  .  .  .  Newly  wedded 
Herbert  Lee  and  bride  (Helen  Yee)  had 
their  friends  and  relatives  to  their  new 
home  the  other  weeek  .... 

Correspondents  Mollie  Locke  and  May 
Sing  of  Seattle  report  that  the  Young 
Matrons'  and  the  C.  G.  A.  clubs  there 
netted  over  $6,000  from  a  benefit  dance. 
Bill  Chin  and  Mildred  Goon  captured 
the  waltz  prize.  The  Seattle  Chinese 
Women's  club  raised  more  than  $7,000, 
too  ....    The  C.  G.  A.  and  the  Meteor- 


ites have  merged  into  one  club.  They 
have  a  basketball  team  captained  by 
Mary  Luke  and  coached  by  Raymond 
Wong.  Fifteen  new  Chinese  students 
entered  University  of  Washington  this 
term,  bringing  the  Chinese  contingent 
there  to  40,  highest  ever  reached.  One 
hundred  and  eighteen  Chinese  students 
who  recently  docked  at  Seattle  on  their 
way  to  various  schools  in  the  U.  S.  were 
feted  by  the  China  club  there. 

The  Wah  Mei  women's  club  in  Ber- 
keley, composed  of  both  Americans  and 
Chinese,  are  planning  war  refugee  aids. 
It  meets  once  a  week  to  make  bandages 
.  .  .  Mrs.  Henry  Poy  and  Mrs.  Frank 
Chung  are  on  the  executive  committee. 
Bernice  Louie,  L.  A.  newsgetter,  wrote 
that  the  Chinese  Tri-Y  club  raised  $350 
by  a  skating  party  and  turned  the  fund 
to  the  Chinese  Patriotic  society.  The 
affair  was  in  charge  of  Diana  Got,  assis- 
ted by  Marion  Chung,  Edith  Tom,  Ada 
Wong,  Lucille  Fong,  Frances  and  Mabel 
Ho.  .  .  .  Frances  Wong  was  stand-in 
for  Anna  May  Wong  in  the  star's  latest 
flicker,  "Daughter  of  Shanghai."  .  .  . 
Betty  Chow  finished  at  Modesto  J.  C. 
and  is  now  enrolled  at  UCLA  .... 

Bill  Lowe  bought  a  trumpet  for  $3, 
which  was  a  swell  bargain.  So  with  his 
own  hands  he  constructed  a  beyoottiful 
case  for  it.  It  cost  three  times  the  price 
of  the  trumpet! 

The  Wah  Ying  masquerade  ball  drew 
a  large  crowd  and  $1500  for  the  medical 
relief  fund.  Prexy  Sam  Choye,  tuxedoed 
and  genial,  played  host,  and  dance  chair- 
man Art  Hee  had  things  running  smooth- 
ly, while  Andrew  Sue  emceed.  Pauline 
Wong,  in  the  garb  of  a  peasant  woman, 
won  the  first  costume  prize  for  women. 
Lily  Way  coming  in  second  with  a  Ha- 
waiian costume,  and  Hattic  Hall  third  as 
an  Oriental  dancing  girl.  First  prize  for 
men  went  to  Harold  Lee.  He  was  dressed 
as  a  skeleton  and  what  a  big  assortment 
of  ribs  he  was!  A  prison  outfit  won  Wil- 
liam  Chan  the  second  prize.  .  .  .  Girls 
from  the  Chinese  Women's  Relief  Com- 
mittee who  were  there  selling  flowers, 
ribbons,  and  cigarettes  were:  Annie  Chinn. 
Mamie  Chan,  Lola  Choy,  Mary  Chan, 
Nellie  Tom,  Ethel  Chinn,  Nora  Chan, 
Amy  Owyang,  Alice  Hoo,  Violet  Woo, 
Alice  Chew,  and  Jessie  Wong.  .  .  . 

Chinatown's  newest  beauty  shop  is  the 
Lotus  Beauty  parlor  just  opened  by  Haz- 
el Chinn.  .  .  .  Emily  Lee  has  one  over 
at  San  Rafael,  too.  .  .  .  Incidentally,  .i 
vote  of  appreciation  to  the   Merle  Nor- 


November,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  17 


CHINATOWNIA 


man  laboratory  (beauty  supplies)  for  do- 
nating the  proceeds  of  its  Chinatown 
studio  sales  during  all  the  Mondays  in 
October  for  the  China  refugee  relief. 
A  generous  gesture.  .  .  . 

St.  Mary's  annual  bazaar  and  dansant 
was  held  Oct.  28,  29,  and  30  in  their 
own  social  center  and  practically  all  Chi- 
natown and  thousands  of  Americans 
turned  out  to  attend  it.  For  the  dancing 
the  Chinatown  Knights  again  donated 
their  services,  since  half  of  the  proceeds 
went  for  medical  relief.  .  .  . 

Milton  Chang  works  on  the  Wake  Is- 
land station  of  the  Pan-American  Air- 
ways. He  stays  on  the  place  for  six 
months  at  a  stretch.  For  recreation  the 
boys  swim,  spear  fish,  hunt  wild  pigs  and 
mongooses,  or  go  crabbing.  Milton  drinks 
goat's  milk,  which  his  friends  say  grows 
hair  on  his  chest.  .  .  . 

The  Chinese  Sportsmen's  club's  an- 
nual striped  bass  derby  at  Molinas  was  a 
grand  success  with  five  trainloads  of 
members  and  friends  on  hand.  Bee  Fow- 
ler, who  works  for  a  local  collection  ag- 
ency, made  use  of  her  training  and  col- 
lared a  15  Vz  pounder  and  won  the  first 
grand  prize,  first  lady's  prize,  and  first 
member  prize,  consisting  of  a  radio,  sil- 
ver set,  and  fishing  tackle.  Some  of  the 
sad-eyed  judges  (sad  because  they  all 
drew  do-nuts)  were  Oliver  Chang,  Lee 
Yuen,  Fred  Jow,  Dr.  D.  K.  Chang,  Y. 
L.  Fook,  Dr.  K.  Q.  Fong,  and  Dr.  Ja- 
cob Yee.  The  last  named  came  close  to  a 
big  catch,  but  the  clever  culprit  got  away 
with  his  hook,   line,  sinker,  and  tackle! 

The  Grandview  hotel  is  getting  ready 
to  open  a  Chinese  penthouse  on  its  roof 
garden.  When  it  opens  the  Chinatown 
Knights  will  furnish  the  music  while  cus- 
tomers dine  and  dance.  It  will,  of  course, 
have  a  cocktail  lounge.  Manager  will  be 
Andrew  Wong.  .  .  .  Because  he  recent- 
ly passed  the  bar  exam  Willie  Gingee  is 
now  a  full  fledged  lawyer.  He  celebrated 
the  event  with  the  help  of  Pauline  Tong. 
.  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Jung  live 
happily  in  Bakersfield,  but  a  bold,  bad 
robber  broke  in  their  house  not  long  ago 
and  stoled  all  their  valuable.  .  .  . 

Ed  Gee  of  L.  A.  is  now  at  the  Service 
market  in  Bakersfield.  .  .  .  Lee  Chan 
and  Caesar  Jung  starred  in  the  L.  A. 
Chinese  vs.  Pasadena  Majors,  complet- 
ing two  touchdowns.  Roland  Got  and 
Beale  Wong  are  co-managers  of  the  six- 
man  football  team,  with  Ted  Ung  as 
captain.  .  .  . 


Ed  Woo,  football  star  from  San  Fer- 
nando Hi,  is  taking  civil  engineering  at 
L.  A.  J.  C.  So  is  his  charming  sister, 
Anna.  So  are  Wonnie  Lee  of  Oakland, 
Edna  Lee  of  L.  A.,  and  Hamilton  Gee, 
L.  A.'s  ranking  netman.  George  Tong, 
Lowa  basketball  star,  is  now  an  instruc- 
tor in  the  U.  S.  C.  engineering  school, 
where  he  graduated  with  honor. 

Dorothy  Hall  celebrated  her  birthday 
last  month.  How  old  did  yo'all  say  you 
is  now,  Dot?   .  .  . 

An  unofficial  correspondent  in  Phila- 
delphia sends  the  following  news  tidbits — 
Yuen  Chu  and  Mae  Jung,  very  much 
that  way  toward  each  other,  have  re- 
cently announced  their  engagement.  .  .  . 
that  the  local  bowling  fans  are  thinking 
of  sending  a  team  to  N.  Y.  to  test  the 
skill  of  bowling  enthusiasts  there.  .  .  . 
that  since  the  Mrs.  and  daughter  went 
to  Hawaii  Dr.  Livingston  Chunn  has 
been  feeling  lonesome.  To  ameliorate  the 
solitude  the  medico  plays  cards  with 
friends  nightly  in  his  home.  .  .  .  The 
Chinese  students  in  the  U.  of  Pennsyl- 
vania held  their  annual  Chinese  night  re- 
cently with  over  200  persons  in  attend- 
ance, at  the  International  house.  A  pret- 
ty feature  of  the  entertainment  was 
"March  of  Time"  depicting  the  change 
in  Chinese  women's  fashions  from  the 
T'ang  dynasty  to  present-day  China. 
Taking  part  in  the  fashion  parade  were 
Mrs.  T.  P.  Ting,  Mrs.  P.  W.  Lam,  Miss 
I.  Chang,  and  Miss  Pauline  Kwan.  .  .  . 

Stockton's  Tri  C  had  a  Hallowe'en 
get-together,  inviting  the  Tau  Lambda 
and  the  Dragons  ....  And  Fresno,  led 
by  its  Six  Companies,  raised  $50,000 
(Chinese)  for  refugee  relief.  This  was 
later  augmented  by  another  $11,250 
(Chinese)  .  .  .  and  the  Fay  Wah  club 
there,  led  by  prexy  Dr.  Philip  Ching  is 
evolving  plans  for  a  benefit  bazaar  and 
dance.  .  .  . 

'Tis  reported  that  Amy  Lee  will  rep- 
resent the  Chinese  Y.  W.  at  the  National 
Industrial   council  of  the  Y.  W.  C.   A. 

(Although  we  have  correspondents  in 
a  dozen  cities,  outside  news  contributions 
from  clubs  and  readers  are  welcomed, 
though  no  promise  can  be  made  that  news 
sent  in  will  be  published.  All  contribu- 
tions must  be  signed  with  the  names  and 
addresses  of  the  contributors;  otherwise 
they  will  not  be  considered.  All  news 
items  intended  for  this  column  or  for 
"Chinatownia"  should  be  addressed  to 
the  Editor,  Chinese  Digest.) 


TWO  FORMER  CHINATOWN 
FIGURES  DIE 

Died  in  China  recently:  a  merchant  of 
old  time  Chinatown  and  the  former  pres- 
ident of  a  powerful  clan  association  here. 

Tong  Bong,  more  widely  known  as 
Sing  Fat,  died  in  his  village  in  Tungshan, 
Kwantung  province,  at  the  age  of  88. 
Tong  once  operated  the  world  famous 
Sing  Fat  bazaar  at  the  corner  of  Califor- 
nia street  and  Grant  avenue.  He  sold 
his  store  six  years  ago  and  returned  to  his 
homeland  for  the  remainder  of  his  days. 

The  other  man  who  died  approximately 
the  same  time  was  Kwong  Sil  Louie,  a 
famed  scholar  from  Kwangtung's  Toy- 
shan  district.  He  was  called  from  China 
to  be  the  president  of  the  Louie,  Fong 
and  Kwong  association  here  several  years 
ago.  After  serving  his  term  in  this  ca- 
pacity, and  also  a  term  as  chairman  of  the 
Chinese  Six  Companies,  he  returned  to 
China.  Several  months  ago  he  became 
ill  and  was  taken  to  a  Shanghai  hospital, 
where  he  died  recently. 


STANFORD  CHINESE  PLAN 
BIG  GAME  DANCE 

San  Francisco — As  the  annual  Califor- 
nia-Stanford football  game  draws  near, 
Chinese  students  at  Stanford  univer- 
sity are  making  final  arrangements  for 
the  Big  Game  dance  to  be  held  at  the 
N.  S.  G.  W.  hall  here  Nov.  20.  Those 
who  journey  to  Palo  Alto  to  see  the  Big 
Game  are  invited  to  make  use  of  the  Chi- 
nese clubhouse,  announced  Will  Lee, 
president  of  the  Stanford  Chinese  club. 


^rw 


sunr/jtr  jmoo 

SAT1VE  sons 

WtLIIES  WEST  HALL 


Page   18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1937 


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES 
AND  INVENTIONS 

(Continued  from  p.  9) 
material    that    was    neglected    by    other 
writers.     What    are    the    sources    from 
which  he  derived  his  information? 

"The  art  of  war  arose  under  Huang  Ti, 
forty-four  hundred  years  ago.  Different 
dynasties  have  since  that  time  adopted 
different  regulations  in  regard  to  the 
use  of  militia  or  standing  armies,  the 
model  of  raising  supplies  for  the  armies, 
etc.    Can  you  state  these  briefly? 

"Give  an  account  of  the  circulating 
medium  under  different  dynasties,  and 
state  how  the  currency  of  the  Sung  dynas- 
ty corresponds  with  our  use  of  paper 
money  at  the  present  day? 

"Is  the  defense  of  Kai  Feng  Fu  against 
the  Mongols  the  first  recorded  use  of 
connon?  The  Sung  Dynasty  had  several 
varieties  of  small  guns.  What  were  their 
advantages? 

"Chin  Shao  had  admirable  abilities  for 
historical  writings.  In  the  San  Kuo  Chi 
he  has  depreciated  Chu-koh  Liang,  and 
made  very  light  of  I  and  I,  two  celebrated 
characters.   What  does  he  say  of  them?" 

Twenty-five  days  are  permitted  the 
judges  to  decide  on  the  winners.  When 
the  names  are  released,  on  the  tenth  of 
the  ninth  moon,  they  are  announced  by  a 
crier  at  midnight  from  a  high  tower  be- 
fore a  wild  and  excited  crowd.  The  next 
morning  a  printed  list  is  on  sale  at  all 
street  corners.  Of  some  7,000  compet- 
ing, 70  or  80  receive  the  degree,  and 
throughout  the  land  some  1,300  degrees 
are  awarded.  The  proclamation  bearing 
the  names  of  the  graduates  is  posted  up- 
on the  governor's  office  under  a  salute  of 
three  guns.  The  governor  then  comes 
out  and  bows  three  times  before  the  proc- 
lamation, retiring  under  another  salute  of 
guns. 

On  the  appointed  day  the  governor, 
commissioners,  and  high  provincial  offi- 
cials banquet  them  in  the  fu-tai's  palace, 
lesser  officers  .aiding  as  servants.  Of 
great  interest  to  historians  is  the  use  of 
olive  branches  during  this  banquet  as 
symbols    of   literary    achievement. 

Once  every  ten.  years  an  extra  chu 
jen  examination  is  held.  The  successful 
scholar  still  receives;  no  office,  but  he  is 
now  among  the  chosen  few.  He  adorns 
his.  cap  with  the .  gilded  button  of  the 
next  higher  rank,  erects  a  pair  of  lofty 
flagstaffs  before  the  gate  of  his  family 
residence,  and  "hangs  a  shingle"  over 
his  doorway.  He  is  now  eagerly  sought 
to  grace  all  social  functions,  to  give  ad- 
vice on  local  matters,  and  to  write  cali- 
graphy,  slogans,  and  essays  for  all  im- 
portant occasions,  all  being  accompanied 
by  gifts  and  handsome  fees. 


CHINA  SEES  IT  THROUGH 

(Continued  from  p.  7) 
views    with    business    men,    missionaries, 
and  others  who  are  in  close  touch  with  the 
hinterland. 

One  or  two  striking  facts  have  emerged 
from  this  inquiry.  First  of  all,  foreign 
and  Chinese  observers  alike  appear  to 
have  been  struck  by  the  uncomplaining 
way  in  which  people  whose  homes  and 
businesses  have  been  destroyed  are  adapt- 
ing themselves  to  desperately  difficult 
situations.  While  more  than  one  foreign 
business  man  in  Shanghai  has  been  heard 
to  reproach  the  Nanking  government  for 
having  plunged  Shanghai  into  hostilities 
instead  of  tacking  the  Japanese  in  North 
China,  there  seems  to  be  no  evidence  of 
any  such  feeling  on  the  part  of  the 
Shanghai  Chinese.  I  am  told  that  the 
latter  have  not  even  shown  resentment 
over  the  unfortunate  bombing  accidents 
which  have  caused  so  many  Chinese  cas- 
ualties in  the  International  Settlement. 

Yet  the  Chinese  people,  not  only  in 
Shanghai  but  throughout  the  country, 
have  been  affected  by  the  war  to  an  un- 
precendented  degree.  A  large  section  of 
the  industrial  population  has  been  thrown 
out  of  employment,  large  and  small  busi- 
nesses have  been  ruined,  officials,  teachers, 
and  the  like  have  suddenly  been  deprived 
of  their  livelihood.  From  Nanking, 
Shanghai,  Soochow,  and  other  cities  in  the 
lower  Yangtze  region  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  people,  high  and  low,  rich  and 
poor,  have  returned  to  live  with  their 
families  in  the  interior  carrying  with 
them  the  news  that  Japan  is  making  war 
upon  China.  "I  have  never  seen  such 
grim  determination  among  the  Chinese 
people,"  one  veteran  missionary  told  me. 
"It  is  quite  evident  that  they  feel  they 
have  their  backs  to  the  wall." 

It  is  common  knowledge,  or  should 
be,  that  here  in  Shanghai  Boy  Scouts  in 
their  teens  have  been  helping  in  hospital 
and  refugee  work,  actually  assisting  in  the 
evacuation  of  wounded  from  near  the 
front  line  and  in  the  gruesome  but  essen- 
tial work  of  aiding  in  the  disposal  of 
corpses.  After  five  weeks  of  this  sort  of 
thing  these  lads  are  said  to  be  sticking 
it  out  as  cheerfully  and  as  willingly  as 
ever. 

Nor  have  the  Chinese  girls  been  be- 
hindhand. A  couple  of  days  ago  I  visited 
an  emergency  Red  Cross  hospital  es- 
tablished in  a  Chinese  dance  hall  off 
Bubbling  Well  road.  The  dance  floor, 
where  only  a  few  months  back  I  had 
whiled  away  more  than  one  agreeable 
evening,  now  accommodates  more  than 
200  wounded  soldiers  and  civilians,  in- 
cluding     one    four-year-old      youngster 


wounded  in  the  stomach  and  leg  who  lay 
in  bed  with  his  injured  father.  Among 
the  volunteer  nurses  attending  to  the 
patients  were  about  a  dozen  dance  girls, 
who,  I  was  told,  put  in  12  hours  a  day, 
receiving  only  their  food  in  return.  Un- 
der the  direction  of  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  indus- 
trial girls  deprived  of  employment  by  the 
closing  down  of  the  cotton  mills  have 
been  indefatigable  in  helping  with  work 
among  the  refugees.  Some  of  these  girls 
have  also  volunteered  for  ambulance 
work  at  the  front. 

Such  instances  could  be  multiplied  in- 
definitely. They  go  to  show  that  there 
is  now  abroad  in  China  the  kind  of 
"cest  la  guerre"  spirit  which  was  to  be 
found  amongst  civilians  in  Europe  dur- 
ing the  World  War.  Whether  this  de- 
termination can  be  kept  up  if,  as  Prince 
Konoye  has  predicted,  the  war  extends 
into  1938  remains  to  be  proved  but  there 
appears  to  be  no  doubt  that  at  present  the 
China  people  generally  are  carrying  on  in 
a  manner  which  cannot  but  excite  the  ad- 
miration of  the  onlooker. 

The  pity  of  it  is  that  the  truth  of  all 
this  seems  to  be  hidden  from  the  Japan- 
ese leaders,  who,  incredibly  blind  to  the 
political  developments  of  the  past  few 
years,  seem  still  to  labor  under  the  tragic 
delusion  that  the  Chinese  government  is 
to  be  considered  as  something  apart  from 
the  Chinese  people.  That  was  true  ten 
years  ago  perhaps  but  it  is  no  longer 
the  case.  A  cohesive  process  has  been  la- 
boriously under  way  and,  while  personal 
ambition  and  private  feud  have  not  been 
entirely  eliminated,  a  point  has  been 
reached  where  the  Nanking  government 
symbolizes  to  the  Chinese  people  as  a 
whole  their  hopes  for  the  future.  They 
do  not  think  it  is  perfect  and  most  of 
them  are  ready  enough  to  criticize  its 
manifest  shortcomings.  But  it  is  their 
government  and  they  are  going  to  stand 
behind  it  in  this  time  of  crisis. 

If  any  further  stimulus  to  unity  had 
been  required  it  would  have  been  pro- 
vided by  the  apparently  indiscriminate 
use  of  Japanese  airplanes  against  defense- 
less civilians  in  widespread  parts  of  the 
country.  It  escapes  the  comprehension 
how  the  Japanese  military  leaders  can  go 
on  protesting  that  the  Japanese  armv 
never,  never  makes  war  upon  non-com- 
batants while  this  sort  of  thing  continues 
unabated.  Nothing  could  drive  the  iron 
more  deeply  into  the  Chinese  soul  than 
the  repeated  bombings  of  refugee  trains, 
educational  institutions  and  undefended 
cities. 

In  Nanking  I   have   seen   the  charred 
corpses  of  unfortunate  civilians  who  were 
(Continued  on  p.  1°) 


^ 


November,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   19 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


LETTER  FROM  CHINA 

(Continued  from  p.  2) 
$2,000  Chinese.    The  sum  may  not  seem 
large,  but  it  is  significant  that  more  than 
$1,000    of    it    was    given    by    the    crew 
themselves. 

The  generous  manner  in  which  our 
overseas  Chinese  contribute  in  the  event 
of  a  national  crisis  is  not  simply  a  signi- 
fication of  their  patriotic  manifestion 
toward  the  motherland.  They  give  not 
simply  because  they  feel  it  is  their  obli- 
gation to  do  so  as  citizens  of  China;  but 
also  because  they  take  it  that  their  con- 
tributions will  in  some  way  make  amends 
for  their  failure  to  offer  their  services 
to  the  country,  for  one  reason  or  another, 
in  time  of  war.  I  have  been  told  by  some 
of  them  that  since  they  cannot  go  to  the 
front  themselves,  the  very  least  they  can 
do  is  to  give  financial  assistance  to  those 
who  can  and  do.  This  will  remind  us  of 
the  hundreds  of  steel  helmets  which  the 
Philadelphia  Chinese  sent  to  the  Nine- 
tenth  Route  army  during  1932  Shang- 
hai crisis.  I  have  also  been  told  by  others 
in  utmost  honesty,  and  in  an  ultra-prag- 
matic manner,  that  every  dollar  will  buy 
a  few  more  bullets  for  the  prosecution  of 
the  war  against  foreign  invasion. 

From  experience,  therefore,  we  can 
have  absolute  confidence  that  our  people 
abroad  will  do  all  they  can  to  help,  at 
least  financially,  in  the  defense  of  our 
nation.  We  can  also  say,  with  a  high  de- 
gree of  certainty,  that  they  will  follow 
our  leaders  at  home  in  this  tremendous 
task  of  liberating  our  nation  from  the 
yoke  of  foreign  aggression. 

Paul  Fung. 

SINO-JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Continued  from  p.  3) 
powers  which  he  indirectly  charged  had  jeop- 
ardized world  security.  America's  policy,  the 
president  said,  should  be  to  join  in  a  concerted 
effort  by  peace-loving  nations  to  "quarantine 
warlike  nations.  He  condemned  the  "interna- 
tional anarchy"  pursued  by  10  per  cent  of  the 
world's  population  which  was  threatening  the 
peace  and  welfare  of  the  remaining  90  per 
cent.  He  called  no  countries  by  names,  but  it 
was  evident  he  referred  to  Japan,  Italy,  and 
Germany  as  the  10  per  cent  "who  are  threaten- 
ing a  breakdown  of  all  international  law  and 
crder."  He  warned  Americans  that  they,  too, 
were  not  safe  from  nations  which  have  become 
devoid  of  the  "sense  of  justice  and  human 
consideration." 

This  speech  spurred  the  League  of  Nations 
to  adopt  a  positive  stand  against  Japan.  The 
subcommittee  recommended  that  the  nearly 
tliree-score  League  states  consider  immedi- 
ately how  they  may  go  individually  to  the 
aid  of  China. 

Within  24  hours  after  President  Roosevelt's 


speech  the  U.  S.  government  formally  con- 
demned Japan  as  a  treaty  violator,  thus  throw- 
ing America's  support  behind  the  League's  ef- 
fort to  halt  the  Sino- Japanese  conflict.  The 
U.  S.  stand  was  expressed  thus: 

"In  the  light  of  the  unfolding  developments 
in  the  Far  East,  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  has  been  forced  to  the  conclusion  that 
the  action  of  Japan  in  China  is  inconsistent 
with  the  principles  which  should  govern  the 
relationships  between  nations,  and  is  contrary 
to  provisions  of  the  Nine-Power  treaty  of 
Feb.  6,  1922,  regarding  principles  and  policies 
to  be  followed  in  matters  concerning  China, 
and  those  of  the  Kellogg-Briand  pact  of  Aug. 
27,  1928." 


Facts  are  against  them,  and  the  Jap- 
anese cannot  pull  wool  over  peoples' 
eyes.  It  has  often  been  said  that  the 
Japanese  people  in  the  United  States  are 
engaged  in  the  peaceful  pursuit  of  busi- 
ness and  that  they  have  nothing  to  do 
with  their  militarists  in  Japan.  In  view  of 
the  foregoing  insidious  propaganda,  the 
Japanese  associations  here  are  merely  the 
tools  of  the  Japanese  warlords.  They  are 
the  condemnable  instruments  of  the  Jap- 
anese imperialists! 


WHAT  ARE  THEY 
TRYING  TO  SAY? 

(Continued  from  p.  4) 
It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  the  Jap- 
anese have  provoked  hostilities  in  Lukou- 
chiao  and  in  Shanghai.  Now  they  say 
China  did  the  provocation.  It  is  about 
time  that  the  world  becomes  familiar  with 
Japanese  "incidents"  aftet  their  repeated 
use.  Have  these  "incidents"  any  other 
meaning  except  as  excuses  for  Japanese 
military  actions? 

The  Japanese  say  that  Japan  wants  "to 
localize  the  fighting."  They  did  it  very 
well  by  blockading  China's  entite  coast, 
and  by  bombing  towns  and  cities  through- 
out the  length  and  breadth  of  China. 
They  say  that  the  reports  of  Japanese 
killing  of  non-combatants  are  "unfound- 
ed." Many  thousands  of  these  non-com- 
batants, including  women  and  children, 
are  dead.   They  did  not  die  of  old  age! 


CHINA  SEES  IT  THROUGH 

(Continued  from  p.  18) 
bombed  in  their  beds  a  mile  or  more 
away  from  the  nearest  military  point.  I 
have  also  seen  the  mangled  bodies  of 
Japanese  aviators  who  flew  hundreds  of 
miles  from  Formosa  in  a  300,000  yen 
machine  to  attain  this  deplorable  result. 

When  is  all  this  madness  to  end?  Not, 
one  fears,  until  the  Japanese  realize  that 
they  are  making  war  not  upon  a  group 
of  military  leaders  but  upon  a  whole  peo- 
ple whose  unexampled  forbearance  has 
been  taxed  to  the  limit  and  who  are  de- 
termined to  see  this  thing  through  no 
matter  what  the  cost. 

[The  foregoing  article  is  reprinted 
from  the  China  Critic,  Shanghai.  H.  J. 
Timperley  is  a  veteran  newspaper  writer 
and  at  present  serves  as  correspondent 
in  China  for  the  Manchester  Guardian 
(London)  and  as  an  Advisory  Editor 
of  Asia  magazine   (New  York) .] 


To  not  more  than  ten  young  men  and  women  with 
capital  ranging  from  $500  to  $5,000  the  Chinese  Trade 
And  Travel  Association  has  plans  for  safe  investment  and 
bu:iness  yielding  rapid  returns.  Write  us  a  letter  giving 
seme  information  about  yourself. 

CHINESE  TRADE  AND  TRAVEL  ASSOCIATION 

Business  Department 
868  Washington  St  San   Francisco,  Calif. 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,   1937 


It's  Overcoat  Time  .  .  . 

Ko&i  QtotlielA,  meet  every 

COAT  DEMAND  .  .  . 


THE  THOMAS  HEATH 
CAMEL  HAIR  COAT  AT 
FNDS  HIGH  FAVOR  WITH 
CHINATOWN  I ANS 


KNIT-TEX    S30 
ANGORA-TEX    $35 


Henry  Shue  Tom 

Chinese  representative,  announces 
the  arrival  of  new  suits  chosen 
especially    for    the    Chinese    build. 


RooaBroA 

MARKET  AT  STOCKTON 

Fourth    Floor 


SUITS— S30  UP 


r"~ 


C9" 


COMMENT  ••    SOCIAL  ••  SPOUTS 
UCWS  *  *   CULTU££  *    •    UT£fcft7Uli£       **«  «Micitt©.ci*ifo*iii»  {J 


Vol.  3,  No.  12 


December,   1937 


Ten  Cents 


STATUE  OF  SUN   YAT-SEN   RECENTLY   UNVEILED  AT  ST.   MARY'S  SQUARE 
(See  Story  on  Page  5) 


*** 


Poge  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


December,  1937 


EDITORIAL 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Published  Monthly  or  868  Washington  Street 

San  Francisco,  California   (CHina  2400) 

WILLIAM   HOY,   Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE   Associate   Editor 

LIM   P.   LEE    Sociological   Data 

DOROTHY  WJNG Advertising  Manager 

HELEN  M.  FONG   Circulation  Manager 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

CORRESPONDENTS   and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bokersfield    Mamie   Lee 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Allen    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace   H.  Goo 

Los   Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Morysville    Virginia   Wah 

New  York   Bing  Chan 

New  York    Sophia   Chu 

Philadelphia    Henry  C.   Jung 

Portland    Edgar    Lee 

Son  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seattle,  Wash   Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton   Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,   Arizona   May  Tom 

Watsonville    Alice   Shew 

FOUNDERS   and   PUBLISHERS 
THOMAS   W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 


MEMORIAL  MONUMENT 
TO  SUN  YAT-SEN 

(See  story  on  page  5) 

The  young  and  old  of  the  Chinese  community  in  San 
Francisco  have  many  reasons  to  congratulate  their  good  fortune 
in  having  been  given  a  memorial  monument  of  Dr.  Sun  Yat- 
Sen.  As  we  gaze  upon  his  statue  in  St.  Mary's  Square  we  feel 
a  measure  of  pardonable  pride  in  knowing  that  the  man  who 
almost  single-handedly  overthrew  a  dynasty,  launched  China 
on  the  road  to  democracy,  and  was  its  first  president,  was  at 
one  time  a  resident  of  Chinatown.  Just  as  our  countrymen  in 
Honolulu  feel  justifiably  proud  that  it  was  there  that  Sun  Yat- 
Sen  received  his  first  education  and  the  ideas  of  political  free- 
dom and  equality,  we  in  San  Francisco  have  always  gloried  in 
the  fact  that  the  generation  before  us  contributed  more  gen- 
erously than  any  other  overseas  Chinese  for  the  cause  of  China's 
revolution — a  cause  of  which  Dr.  Sun  was  the  sign  and  symbol. 

Chinatown  owes  gratitude  to  many  organizations  and  in- 
dividuals for  bringing  about  this  Sun  Yat-Sen  memorial  monu- 
ment. First  is  the  Downtown  association,  an  organization  of  in- 
fluential local  American  business  men.  Several  years  ago  this 
Association,  cognizant  that  Chinatown  was  one  of  the  greatest 
tourist  attractions  of  San  Francisco,  sought  the  support  of 
Chinese  merchants  to  help  increase  the  community's  attractive- 
ness. It  was  planned  to  convert  St.  Mary's  Square,  located  in 
the  southwest  corner  of  Chinatown,  into  a  Chinese  Garden, 
with  a  lotus  pond,  tea  pavilion,  native  flowers  and  shrubs,  and 
whatever  else  necessary  to  complete  the  effect  of  a  Chinese 
garden  as  it  would  have  been  done  in  China. 

The  plan  for  this  Chinese  Garden  is  still  in  the  paper 
stage,  but  the  Downtown  association  members  are  hopeful  that 
it  may  be  realized  in  the  not  so  distant  future. 

The  putting  up  of  a  memorial  statue  to  Sun  Yat-Sen  in  St. 
Mary's  Square  fitted  into  the  plan  of  the  Association  when 
the  idea  was  brought  to  its  attention.    The   organization  en- 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Far  East 3,  4 

Chinatownia  5,  10-12,  13-20,  22 

Culture 6 

Sociological  Data 7 

The  Jade  Box 8 

Reviews  and  Comments   9 

Sports   22 

Continuation  Page   23 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  A  merica.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


dorsed  it  heartily  and  helped  in  bringing  the  idea  to  eventual 
fruition. 

The  local  headquarters  of  the  Chinese  Nationalist  party 
(Kuomintang)  sponsored  the  making  of  the  statue,  assuming 
the  cost  of  the  material.  Sun  Yat-Sen  was  the  founder  of  the 
Kuomintang  and  it  was  only  natural  and  appropriate  that  the 
overseas  branch  here  should  do  all  it  could  to  see  that  this 
monument  was  erected  and  properly  placed  after  its  presenta- 
tion to  the  city. 

The  third  organization  which  made  possible  this  memorial 
is  the  Federal  Art  Project  of  the  Works  Progress  Administra- 
tion of  the  U.  S.  government.  Since  the  statue  was  to  be  a  com- 
munity possession  the  Federal  Art  Project  lent  its  hand  and 
furnished  the  entire  cost  of  labor  for  the  making  of  the  statue. 

And  by  fortuitous  circumstance  the  famous  sculptor 
chosen  to  execute  this  work,  Beniamino  Bufano,  had  known 
Sun  Yat-Sen  personally,  had  lived  with  the  latter  for  several 
months  in  China  in  1924,  and  had  executed  several  busts  of 
Dr.  Sun  at  that  time.  When  Bufano  finished  the  statue  it  was 
not  merely  a  reproduction  in  stone  of  Dr.  Sun;  through  the 
artist's  creativeness  the  spirit  of  the  Chinese  leader  was  caught 
and  immortalized.  The  sculptured  head  showed  a  man  with 
dominant  characteristics  of  austerity  and  purpose.  If  any  nega- 
tive characteristics  were  evident  they  were  completely  over- 
shadowed by  the  positive  qualities  of  the  man  as  seen  by 
artist  Bufano. 

We  repeat,  then,  that  Chinatown  should  congratulate  it- 
self on  possessing  Sun  Yat-Sen's  monument.  It  should  be 
proud  to  point  to  others  that  this  is  the  first  and  only  statue 
of  a  Chinese  in  all  of  San  Francisco. 


December,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


FAR     EAST 


THE  SINO- 
JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Day  by  day  resume  of  the  highlights  of 
the  present  "undeclared  war"  between  China 
and   Japan,   continued  from   last   issue). 

October  11 — Chinese  army  reported  retreat- 
ing in  South  Hopeh.  Chinese  troops  in  North 
China  were  fighting  rear-guard  war  everywhere, 
and  many  Japanese  claims  of  victories  were 
discounted  by  foreign  correspondents.  Twenty- 
five  thousand  new  Japanese  troops  were  poured 
into  Tientsin  to  bring  the  strength  of  Japan's 
North   China   armies   to   325,000. 

Japanese  attempt  to  land  in  Hanchow  Bay 
near    Shanghai    repulsed. 

October  13 — Japanese  navy  seized  Pratas 
island,  strategic  spot  165  miles  southeast  of 
Hongkong,  commanding  the  principal  sea- 
routes  of  the  China  sea. 

Twenty-four  Japanese  planes  again  bombed 
Nanking.  Chinese  reported  five  of  the  planes 
were  shot  down. 

October  14 — Japanese  reported  capture  of 
capital  of  Suiyuan  but  their  drives  into  Shansi 
were  repulsed  by  the  Communist  Eighth  Route 
army.  The  war-loss  in  Shanghai  was  esti- 
mated at  #785,000,000. 

October  16 — Chinese  claim  re-capture  of 
Yenmen  pass,  and  trapping  50,000  Japanese 
troops  in  North  Shansi. 

October  17 — In  Shanghai  Dr.  Borcic,  health 
expert  of  the  League  of  Nations,  and  Dr. 
Akiba  Ettinger,  signed  a  statement  to  the 
effect  that  they  had  examined  three  soldiers 
in  the  Red  Cross  hospital  in  Nanking  and 
diagnosed  them  as  gas  casualties.  China 
charged  Japan  was  using  poison  gas,  and 
Japan    councer-charged   with   a    similar    claim. 

October  1)5 — A  regiment  of  1,400  Chinese 
infantrymen,  sworn  to  die  rather  than  retreat, 
were  annihilated  in  the  Woosung  Creek  sec- 
tor of  the  Shanghai  front.  Casualties  among 
residents  and  refugees  in  the  International 
settlement  and  French  concession  incident  to 
fighting  in  the  battle  for  Shanghai  since  Aug- 
ust 13  was  estimated  at  2,106  killed  and 
2930  wounded— a  total  of  5036. 

October  20 — Chinese  forces  launched  coun- 
ter-offensives against  the  invading  Japanese, 
scattering  the  latter's  line  of  communication. 
In  Shanghai  Chinese  air  force  made  the  most 
terrific  air  bombing  of  the  Japanese  forces  in 
the  war  in  that  area  to  date,  making  a  total 
of  seven  raids  in  one  day. 

October  22 — Cholera  was  widespread  in 
Shanghai,  dropping  100  people  daily  in  the 
International  settlement  alone.  The  League 
of  Nation's  Health  committee,  provided 
#500,000  for  anti-epidemic  units  to  be  sent 
to  China  without  delay. 

October  23 — After  a  terrific  and  continu- 
ous battle  both  Chinese  and  Japanese  claimed 
victories  at  Shanghai.  Threat  of  an  uprising 
in  Manchuria  caused  Japan  to  withdraw  a 
large  number  of  troops  from  the  North  China 
front   for   Mukden. 

October  25 — Japanese  forces  were  gaining 
ground  in  Shanghai  after  a  smashing  week- 
end offensive.  Chinese  armies  were  prepared 
to  retreat  to  their  third  line  of  defense. 

October  27 — The  Japanese  government  re- 
jected an  invitation  to  the  Nine-Power  Brus- 
sels Conference. 

Japanese  forces  captured  Chapei.  The 
Chinese  army  retreated  in  perfect  order,  leav- 
ing   500    crack,    German-trained    troops    who 


had  barricaded  themselves  in  an  abandoned 
warehouse.  They  held  the  Japanese  at  bay 
while  their  comrades  retired  to  another  front. 

October  29 — Despite  strong  Chinese  re- 
sistance, Japanese  were  advancing  in  Shansi 
province;  Chinese  army  crossed  Yellow  River 
to   oppose   the   invaders. 

October  30 — -Japanese  shelled  International 
settlement  and  French  concession  at  Shanghai. 
Germany  refused  to  attend  the  Nine-Power 
Brussels  Conference  Nov.  3. 

November  1 — Japanese  forced  way  across 
Soochow  Creek,  west  of  the  International  set- 
tlement, blasting  their  way  through  Chinese 
resistance. 

Britain's  Foreign  Secretary  Anthony  Eden 
declared  that  any  action  taken  in  the  Far 
Eastern  conflict  would  depend  upon  extent  of 
U.  S.  cooperation.  In  Tokyo  members  of  an 
unofficial  "council  on  the  current  situation," 
including  high  army  officials  and  members  of 
both  houses  of  Parliament,  passed  a  resolution 
charging  that  Britain  was  assisting  China,  add- 
ing, "The  Japanese  cannot  allow  the  British 
to  continue  unmolested  in  their  present  im- 
proper doings." 

November  3  —  Nine-Power  Conference 
opened  at  Brussels,  with  delegates  from  19 
nations  attending.  U.  S.  Ambassador  Norman 
Davis  declared  means  would  be  sought  to  set- 
tle the  Far  Eastern  conflict  by  peaceful  methods, 
a  stand  supported  by  Britain  and  France.  China's 
Dr.  V.  K.  Wellington  Koo  said:  "If  the  ram- 
pant forces  of  Japanese  aggression  in  the  Far 
East  are  not  effectively  checked  and  faith  in 
the  pledged  word  is  not  restored,  there  is  every 
danger  these  forces  will  overrun  the  boundaries 
of  China  and  throw  the  world  into  a  general 
war  from  which  no  important  power  will  be 
able  to  keep  aloof  for  long." 

Japan  considered  declaring  war  on  China 
in  order  to  enforce  a  complete  blockade. 

November  4 — Japanese  claimed  victory  in 
Shansi  against  the  Communist  Eighth  Route 
Army. 

Adolf  Hitler  was  reported  as  seeking  to 
mediate  the  Far  Eastern  conflict,  and  Japan 
was  reported  as  willing  to  have  this  done. 

November  5 — As  winter's  first  ice  blocked 
the  Amur  River  Japan  took  20,000  troops  from 
North  China  and  sped  them  toward  the  great 
stream,  frontier  between  the  Japanese  puppet- 
state  of  Manchukuo  and  the  Russia  Far  East- 
ern provinces.  Should  the  Soviets  want  to 
cross  the  ice  into  Manchukuo  Japan  was  pre- 
pared to  meet  them  with  some  200,000  soldiers 
and  100,000  reservists,  picked  cavalry,  artil- 
lery, and  aviation  units. 

In  North  China  Japanese  troops  had  battled 
their  way  to  the  gate  of  Taiyuan,  capital  of 
Shansi. 

November  6— Italy  joined  the  German- 
Japan  anti-communist  bloc  by  adding  its  sig- 
nature to  the  pact  signed  Nov.  26,  1936,  by 
the  latter  two  nations  to  defend  "humanity 
and  culture  against  communism."  Thus  the 
pact  brought  together  more  than  200,000,000 
people  of  three  nations  and  navies  totaling 
more  than  2,000,000  tons  in  an  effort  to  stifle 
the  spread  of  communism. 

November  8 — Fierce  battle  raged  at  Tai- 
vuan  The  Brussels  Conference  was  seen  as 
futile  by  observers.  A  renowned  European 
correspondent,  known  as  "Pertinax,"  wrote: 
"The  conference  in  Brussels  is  so  cautious,  so 
pusillanimous,  so  hopeless  that,  in  a  note  about 
to  be  forwarded  to  Tokyo  to  refute  the  argu- 


ments Japan  used  in  order  to  justify  her  de- 
cision not  to  send  delegates,  it  does  not  even 
dare  to  mention  or  suggest  that  China  has 
claims  of  her  own  that  cannot  entirely  be  over- 
looked." 

A  conciliatory  note  to  Japan  by  the  Nine- 
Power  Conference  asking  her  to  exchange 
views  regarding  the  Far  Eastern  conflict  did 
not  bring  any  immediate  answer,  but  it  was  pre- 
dicted that  Japan  would  also  reject  this  re- 
quest. 

November  9 — After  88  days  of  warfare 
China  finally  withdrew  to  her  next  line  of 
defense  and  left  the  Japanese  in  control  of 
Shanghai.  The  new  Chinese  line  extended  from 
Nanziang,  10  miles  west  of  the  Settlement, 
southward  to  Sungkiang,  17  miles  southwest 
of  Shanghai. 

November  10 — Japanese  reported  capture 
of  Taiyuan  after  annihilating  the  Chinese 
garrison  which  was  defending  it. 

Maxim  Litvinov,  Soviet  foreign  commissar, 
withdrew  from  the  Brussels  Conference  over 
a  dispute  regarding  membership  on  a  pro- 
posed steering  committee  to  negotiate  with 
Japan.  After  a  week's  parley,  the  Confer- 
ence was  deadlocked. 


ANNIVERSARY  OF 
THE  REPUBLIC 

The  Japanese  Foreign  office  in  an  official  dec- 
laration, spurned  any  effort  of  the  U.  S.  or 
the  League  of  Nations  to  intervene  in  the  Slno- 
Japanese  war,  expressed  its  "regret"  that  the 
U.  S.  and  the  League  had  taken  this  position, 
branding  Japan  as  a  treaty  violator,  and  re- 
iterated Japan's  determination  to  pursue  its 
present  policy  in  China.  This  declaration  was 
authoritatively  regarded  as  the  government's 
real  attitude. 

As  if  to  lend  further  weight  to  Japan's  de- 
fiance of  the  world's  opinion,  General  Iwane 
Matsui,  Japanese  commander  on  the  Shanghai 
front,  made  a  "private  but  formal"  declaration 
that  a  state  of  war  existed  in  China.  In  it, 
Gen.  Matsui  said: 

"The  Japanese  army  is  now  prepared  to 
use  every  means  within  its  power  to  subdue  its 
opponents.  .  .  .  Agamst  those  who  bear  arms 
against  Japan  the  Japanese  army  will  show  no 
mercy." 

On  Oct.  10,  twenty-sixth  anniversary  of  the 
establishment  of  the  Chinese  Republic,  Gen. 
Chiang  Kai-Shek,  in  a  nation-wide  radio  broad- 
cast, warned  the  people  to  expect  a  long  war 
and  to  be  prepared  for  further  sacrifices. 

"Despite  this  most  grave  and  trying  hour 
in  the  history  of  our  national  emancipation, 
there  are   signs   of  hope   and   encouragement. 

"Our  aim  and  object — China's  deliverance-— 
can  be  realized  if  the  people  endure  and  sacri- 
fice with  firm  determination.  The  courage  and 
valor  of  Chinese  fighting  services  have  inflicted 
a  serious  blow  to  Japanese  morale  and  also 
have  won  the  admiration  of  friendly  peoples, 
who  are  also  touched  by  China's  national  soli- 
darity after  two  decades  of  internal  discord." 

The  words  of  the  nation's  leader  reached 
the  ears  of  200,000  troops  defending  Shang- 
hai and  300,000  troops  fighting  on  several 
fronts  in  North  China,  and  spurred  them  on. 
o 

The  Chinese  Digest  is  an  invaluable 
reference  medium  on  things  Chinese  and 
the  life  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  Pre- 
serve your  copies. 


Page  4 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


December,   1937 


FAR     EAST 


PACIFISM  AMD  PEACE 


Some  centuries  ago,  during  a  great  famine 
in  one  of  the  remote  provinces  in  China,  a 
high  court  official  told  the  emperor  of  the 
acute  hunger  of  the  peasants.  Hearing  this 
the  emperor  immediately  said,  "Tell  my  sub- 
jects who  are  suffering  from  lack  of  grain  that 
they  should  satisfy  their  hunger  by  eating 
chicken."  This  of  course  betrays  gross  igno- 
rance on  the  part  of  the  theocratic  ruler  who 
throughout  his  life  lived  in  complete  seclusion. 
Today,  when  the  fascist  governments  of  Ja- 
pan, Italy,  and  Germany  are  waging  "unde- 
clared war"  and  slaughtering  masses  of  inno- 
cent civilians  in  the  three  continents  of  Asia, 
Europe,  and  Africa,  how  do  the  peoples  of  the 
democratic  countries  think?  Unfortunately 
there  are  a  number  of  pacifists  such  as  George 
Lansbury  in  the  British  Isles  and  F.  J.  Libby 
in  America  who,  like  the  Chinese  emperor, 
would  advise  us  to  eat  chicken  in  the  midst 
of  a  devastating  famine. 

While  peace  is  an  actual  condition  desired 
by  many  people  including  the  pacifists,  paci- 
fism must  always  remain  an  attitude  peculiar 
to  the  pacifists  and  to  them  only.  What  is 
this  unique  mental  attitude?  To  the  pacifists 
every  war  means  horror  and  nothing  more 
than  horror;  to  them  every  war  is  just  the  same 
as  anv  other  war,  regardless  of  its  real  causes; 
and  to  them  the  best  and  only  way  of  attaining 
peace  is  either  non-resistance  or  non-interfer- 
ence. The  essence  of  pacifism  is  inaction  ex- 
cept for  the  preventing  of  other  people  from 
taking  action.  In  other  words,  deliberately  or 
not,  the  ->acifists,  because  of  their  inconsistent 
and  indiscriminate  attitude  towards  the  ag- 
gressor and  defender,  advocate  inaction  to- 
wards the  war-maker,  but  nevertheless  act 
themselves  to  prevent  others  from  stopping  the 
war. 

Speaking  over  the  National  Broadcasting 
Company's  network,  the  executive  secretary  of 
the  National  Council  for  Prevention  of  War 
told  us  on  September  24th  that  certain  news- 
papers were  deliberately  stimulating  indigna- 
tion against  Japan  by  "highly  colored  news 
stories  and  cartoons  of  hate."  After  all,  fifty- 
two  governments  represented  in  the  League 
of  Nations  have  condemned  the  Japanese 
atrocities  in  China,  and  news  of  an  outrage- 
ous nature  cannot  be  anything  but  "highly 
colored."  As  to  "the  cartoons  of  hate"  they 
are  simply  registering  the  sensitive  moral  mind 
of  humanity.  By  evading  and  ignoring  real- 
ities and  even  blaming  others  for  revealing  the 
truth,  how  will  the  pacifists  ever  be  able  to 
prevent  war?  The  surest  way  of  not  stopping 
the  war  is  the  pacifist  way  of  turning  from  a 
concrete  situation  towards  a  purely  rational 
wish.  Nobody  has  ever  extinguished  a  fire 
by  pretending  not  to  see  it,  or  by  running  away 
from   it. 

The  pacifists  emphatically  do  not  want  fire, 
but  they  run  away  from  it.  The  six  "peace" 
organizations  in  this  country  are  concerned 
with  two  objectives.  In  the  words  of  Mrs.  F. 
B.  Boeckel,  Mr.  Libby's  colleague,  these  are 
"restricting  wars  that  occur  to  the  smallest 
possible  area,  and  with  the  prevention  of  war 
by  the  inauguration  of  a  policy  of  peaceful 
change  of  treaties  and  international  relations  in 
line  with  changing  world  conditions."  Sound 
and  admirable   as  these   aims  are,   the  method 


By  Chen  Han-seng 

Former  Professor  of  History  at  National 

University  of  Peking 

in  ■  '  ■   »«■      ■    ■ 

advocated  by  her  is  something  deplorable,  per- 
haps it  will  just  have  the  effect  of  defeating 
her  own  aims.  "It  is  our  earnest  conviction," 
said  Mrs.  Boeckel,  "that  if  the  United  States 
Government  will  apply  the  Neutrality  Act  and 
force  the  world  to  accept  the  fact  that  it  can- 
not be  relied  upon  for  aid  in  military  conflicts 
it  will  thereby  exert  a  powerful  pressure  upon 
all  nations  to  consider  ways  and  means  of  alter- 
ing the  present  international  status  quo  and 
thereby  render  aggression  less  likely."  Such  a 
negative  policy  can  only  encourage  the  aggres- 
sor and  render  peaceful  change  less  likely. 
There  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  American 
neutrality  is  very  much  welcomed  by  the 
Japanese  fascist-militarists,  who  will  be  more 
aggressive  towards  America  after  they  have 
got  a  firm  foot-hold  on  the  Asiatic  continent. 
The  isolationists  today  are  paving  the  way  for 
their  own  defeat  in  the  future. 

The  President  of  the  Foreign  Policy  As- 
sociation, Raymond  L.  Buell,  in  his  speech  in 
Philadephia  on  October  1  said  that  the  idea 
of  safety  in  continental  isolation  was  a  "pure 
delusion."  "Far  from  keeping  the  United 
States  out  of  war,  the  application  of  the  Neu- 
trality Act  would  ultimately  endanger  our  se- 
curity." He  knows  that  a  mere  desertion  from 
the  fire  ground  would  not  help  putting  out 
the  flames  and  that  the  quicker  the  fire  can  be 
put  out  the  less  damage  it  may  do.  "Should 
Japan  succeed  in  its  present  campaign  in 
China,  its  next  objective  may  be  the  Philip- 
pines." "Should  the  success  of  Japan  in  the 
Orient  be  paralleled  by  the  success  of  Italy 
and  Germany  in  other  parts  of  the  world,  it  is 
not  at  all  fantastic  to  believe  that  ultimately 
these  three  dictatorships  would  converge  upon 
Latin  America."  A  true  student  of  interna- 
tional relations  like  Dr.  Buell  advocates  an 
active  and  positive  policy  to  establish  peace  by 
quickly  ending  the  present  armed  conflicts 
by  bringing  high  pressure  to  bear  upon  the 
aggressor.  He  does  not  seem  to  have  any 
faith  in  the  pacifist  moonshine. 

Yet  intelligent  people  like  Dr.  Buell  may 
find  thmeslves  still  in  the  minority.  The 
majority  are  either  totally  or  partially  ignorant 
of  what  is  really  going  on  in  Europe  and  Asia, 
or  totally  or  partially  unaware  of  the  defects 
of  their  reasoning  due  perhaps  to  their  limited 
information  and  stock  of  prejudices.  A  col- 
umnist in  the  New  York  World-Telegram  ex- 
pressed her  conviction  that  "no  moral  indig- 
nation will  change  either  the  facts  or  the  nature 
of  the  Japanese  and  Chinese.  They  would  not 
cease  hating  each  other,  even  if  we  went  to 
war  to  save  China."  (Sept.  30)  Without  re- 
flect:ng  on  the  causes  of  indigation  and  hate 
t'^is  lady  journalist  as  an  ardent  sympathizer 
of  American  isolationism  and  pacifism  rea- 
sons badly  but  simply  gives  a  poor  excuse  for 
her  indifference.  It  appears  that  her  inclina- 
tion for  isolation  has  been  encouraged  by 
Pearl  Buck's  article  in  the  October  issue  of 
Asia,  in  which  the  author  of  the  "Good  Earth" 
tells  in  effect  that  in  the  Orient  there  has 
never  been  such  a  thine  as  fair  play  in  war  or 
distress  and  that  the  Chinese  are  just  as  cruel 


as  the  Japanese.  Such  a  sweeping  and  wrong 
statement  is  possible  only  when  the  authoress 
for  the  moment  forgets  her  European  and 
American  history  as  well  as  the  fact  that  till 
now  there  has  been  no  photograph  showing  a 
Chinese  soldier  using  a  Japanese  corpse  for 
bayonet  practice. 

The  pacifists  think  that  indignation  is  an 
undesirable  attitude  which  may  even  be  con- 
sidered as  an  attack  on  Japan.  They  seem  to 
be  in  perfect  agreement  with  what  the  Ja- 
panese spokesman  in  Geneva  said  to  the  United 
Press  correspondent  on  Sept.  30:  "China 
started  the  war,  attacking  Japan  by  her  atti- 
tude. Japan  defended  herself  with  airplane 
bombs  and  artillery.  The  two  countries  are 
able  to  fight  it  out  without  mediation.''  In  a 
recent  broadcast  on  "Why  Japan  is  Fighting 
China,"  the  Japanese  Consul  General  in  New 
York,  K.  Wakasuig,  pictured  Japan  as  a  na- 
tion who  for  the  past  fifteen  years,  ever  since 
the  Washington  Conference,  had  made  many 
sacrifices  in  strenuous  efforts  for  peace.  Yes, 
the  Japanese  aggressors  want  peace,  which  to 
them  in  a  condition  in  which  they  exploit  un- 
molested a  vast  colony  on  the  Asiatic  continent, 
in  which  450  million  civilized  people  will  be 
treated  like  slaves.  Upon  his  visit  to  Hitler 
the  Italian  fascist  Mussolini  also  declared  with 
the  Nazi  Chief  that  they  wanted  peace  in  Eu- 
rope. They  seem  to  be  more  honest  than  the 
Japanese  spokesman  because  Ethiopia  does  lie  in 
Africa,  and  Spain  topographically  may  also  b« 
considered  as  a  part  of  western  Africa.  Both 
the  fascists  and  the  pacifists  talk  about  peace, 
but  of  course  for  different  reasons.  While  the 
fascists  talk  about  peace  in  order  to  make 
war,  the  pacifists  talk  about  peace  in  order  to 
avoid  it.  The  question  is  whether  the  latter 
can  succeed  in  the  face   of  the  former. 

Inaction  —  non-resistance  or  non-interfer- 
ence— is  an  attitude  for  peace  but  an  attitude 
that  will  create  war  or  encourage  the  spread- 
ing of  war.  Peace  can  never  be  realized  by 
mere  talking  and  sitting  by.  The  pacifists  by 
their  own  manner  and  approach  will  surely 
reap  what  they  dislike  and  even  detest.  Isn't 
it  somewhat  true  that  pacifism  and  peace  are 
just  the  antithesis  of  each  other?  Regarding 
the  present  Sino-Japanese  war  the  Federal 
Council  of  Churches  of  Christ  in  America, 
through  its  executive  committee,  has  just  issued 
a  statement  condemning  Japan's  action  in 
China.  "We  urge  all  Christian  people  by 
prayers  and  speech  and  action  to  support  that 
loyalty  to  a  world  of  universal  justice  and  good- 
will to  which  Christians  are  committed  by  their 
loyalty  to  Christ."  Militant  Christians  are  al- 
ways for  action,  action  to  support  the  right 
and  to  suppress  the  wrong.  When  the  Coun- 
cil warns  that  our  judgment  must  not  be  per- 
mitted "to  induce  enmity  or  violence  against 
the  Japanese  people,"  it  does  not  mean  that 
nothing  should  be  done  to  the  Japanese  gov- 
ernment which  at  present  does  not  represent 
the  majority  of  Japanese  people,  who  are  also 
suffering  more  than  ever  before  because  of  the 
government's  policy  of  fascism  and  war. 

(The  foregoing  article  is  reprinted  from 
"China  Faces  Japan."  an  80-page  booklet  just 
issued  by  the  Chinese  Students'  Christian  As 
sociation  in  North  America,  edited  bv  Arthur 
A.  Young.) 


December,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


CHINATOWNIA 


STATUE  OF  SUN 
YAT-SEN  DEDICATED 

(See  picture  on  front  page) 

The  14-foot  red  granite  and  stainless 
steel  statue  of  Sun  Yat-Sen  on  which  a 
famous  San  Francisco  sculptor  had 
worked  for  more  than  a  year  (Chinese 
Digest,  May,  1937)  was  recently  finished 
and  placed  in  St.  Mary's  Square.  The 
dedication  ceremonies  took  place  on  Nov. 
12,  on  the  seventy-first  anniversary  of 
Dr.  Sun's  birth. 

Thus,  at  almost  the  same  time  that 
Japan's  army  in  Shanghai  hauled  down 
the  statue  of  Sun  Yat-Sen  in  that  city's 
civic  center,  another  one  was  set  up  in 
San  Francisco.  The  great  Chinese  revolu- 
tionary and  first  president  of  the  Chinese 
Republic  had  lived  in  San  Francsico  dur- 
ing his  several  sojourns  in  America,  in 
which  he  enlisted  the  material  support  of 
the  Chinese  here  in  his  effort  to  overthrow 
the  Manchu  dynasty.  He  was  here  the 
first  time  in  1895  and  again  in  1909. 

The  statue  is  twice  life-size.  The  head 
and  hands  are  of  red  granite,  while  the 
rest  of  the  body  is  of  stainless  steel,  a 
sculptural  medium  which  the  artist,  Beni- 
amino  Bufano,  was  one  of  the  first  to  use. 
The  figure  is  garbed  in  a  long  Chinese 
gown  and  vest,  an  attire  Dr.  Sun  affected 
in  his  latter  years.  The  monument  stands 
on  the  highest  incline  of  St.  Mary's 
Square  and  faces  toward  the  Golden  Gate, 
toward  the  East,  toward  China. 

In  the  middle  of  the  6-foot  pedestal 
is  a  plaque  containing  a  48-character  in- 
scription in  Chinese  by  the  incumbent 
President  of  China,  Lin  Sen,  penned  in 
the  Fifth  Month  of  the  26th  year  of  the 
Chinese  Republic  (1937) .  Roughly  trans- 
lated, it  reads: 

"Father  of  the  Chinese  Republic  and 
First  President;  Champion  of  Democ- 
racy and  Lover  of  Mankind;  Proponent 
of  Equality,  Liberty,  and  Justice  for  all 
People,  and  Friendship  and  Peace  among 
Nations." 

The  ceremonies  attending  the  unveil- 
ing of  the  statue  were  in  the  hands  of 
the  Down  Town  association.  Reason  for 
this  was  that  for  many  years  this  organi- 
zation of  San  Francisco  business  men  had 
sought  to  make  a  Chinese  garden  out  of 
St.  Mary's  Square,  and  the  placing  of  a 
statue  of  China's  greatest  contemporary 
man  of  history — the  first  monument  of 
any  Chinese  erected  in  this  city — was  the 
first  step  in  this  program. 

Since  the  material  cost  of  the  monu- 
ment was  assumed  by  the  local  Kuomin- 
tang  and  the  labor  was  furnished  by  art- 


Inscription  on  the  base  of  Dr.  Sun's  monument,  written  by  Lin  Sen,  President  of  China. 


ists  of  the  Federal  Works  Progress  Ad- 
ministration, representatives  of  both  were 
on  hand.  Victor  K.  Kwong,  in  behalf 
of  the  Kuomintang,  gave  the  statue  to 
the  city,  and  Dr.  Geiger,  representing  the 
mayor,  accepted  it.  Present  during  the 
ceremonies  were  Beniamino  Bufano  him- 
self, Chinese  Consul  General  C.  C. 
Huang,  Dr.  Kalfred  Dip  Lum,  member 
of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Chi- 
nese Nationalist  party  in  China,  Dr.  Jo- 
seph Danyish  of  the  W.  P.  A.  art  pro- 
ject, Chief  Police  William  Quinn,  and 
others.  Presiding  over  the  ceremonies 
was  William  L.  Hughson,  president  of 
the  Down  Town  association. 

An  estimated  five  thousand  Chinese 
and  Americans  thronged  the  park  for 
the  unveiling.  After  the  ceremonies  a 
reception  was  held  at  the  local  Kuomin- 
tang headquarters,  844  Stockton  street. 

Biography:  Sun  Yat-Sen  was  born  in 
Hsiangshan  district,  Kwangtung  prov- 
ince, Nov.  12,  1866.  At  13  he  went  to 
Honolulu  and  attended  school  there  for 
five  years,  graduating  from  St.  Louis  high 
school.  Upon  returning  to  China  he  en- 
tered Queen's  college  in  Hongkong. 
He  later  attended  the  Canton  medical 
school,  but  finally  finished  his  formal 
eduaction  at  Hongkong  medical  college 
in  1892. 


While  Sun  Yat-Sen  was  in  school  he 
had  already  become  dissatisfied  with  his 
country's  political  condition,  and  had  met 
several  youths  who  were  of  the  same 
mind.  After  China's  defeat  at  the  hands 
of  Japan  in  1894  he  was  fully  convinced 
that  nothing  short  of  a  revolution  could 
save  China  from  eventual  destruction  at 
the  hands  of  foreign  powers.  He  there- 
upon undertook  secret  political  activities 
for  the  purpose  of  overthrowing  the  Man- 
chus,  cloaking  his  work  under  his  medi- 
cal practice  in  Macao  and  Canton. 

In  1895  he  organized  an  attack 
against  the  Canton  Yamen,  but  it  failed 
The  Manchus  ordered  his  arrest.  He  then 
fled  to  Hawaii,  beginning  his  life  of  exile 
which  was  to  last  until  1911.  He  pro- 
ceeded to  America,  founded  a  propaganda 
organ  in  San  Francisco — the  Young 
China  daily  newspaper — then  to  England 
and  to  other  parts  of  Europe,  organiz- 
ing branches  of  the  Hing  Chung  Hui, 
which  was  later  to  become  the  powerful 
Kuomintang  (Nationalist  party) . 

On  Oct.  11,  1896,  Dr.  Sun  was  kid- 
naped in  London  by  agents  of  the  Man- 
chus and  taken  to  the  Chinese  Legation. 
Thanks  to  the  aid  of  Dr.  James  Cantile, 
whom  Dr.  Sun  first  knew  when  he  at- 
tended the   Canton  medical  school,  his 

(See  SUN  YAT-SEN,  p.  22,  col.  1) 


r  t  A 


Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


December,  1937 


CULTURE 


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES  AND 
INVENTIONS:  No.  71-75 

(In  the  previous  two  articles  the 
author  described  the  evolution  of  the 
Chinese  Civil  Service  system  and  out- 
lined the  methods  by  which  candidates 
obtain  their  bachelor  degrees.  In  this  last 
installment  the  procedure  by  which  can- 
didates obtain  their  doctor  degrees  is 
described) . 

The  Doctor  Degree 

In  the  spring  of  the  following  year 
the  Masters  proceed  to  Peking  to  seek 
the  next  higher  degree,  that  of  the  chin 
shih  or  doctorate.  This  is  called  shang 
king  k'ao  shih.  A  part  of  the  travelling 
expense  to  Peking  is  furnished  by  the 
provincial  treasury.  At  the  National 
capital  is  an  examination  hall  with  10,000 
cells. 

The  questions  asked  at  this  "Great 
Examination"  or  ta  k'ao  cover  all  of 
"tien  wen  ti  li"  or  everything  within  the 
the  range  of  orthodox  knowledge.  The 
questions  are  designed  to  test  the  scope 
of  reading  and  the  depth  of  thought, 
and,  in  addition,  great  emphasis  is  placed 
on  the  literary  style.  Only  the  most  pro- 
found scholars  can  hope  to  answer 
these  questions  adequately,  for  they  pre- 
suppose the  reading  and  even  the  mem- 
orizing of  trainloads  of  books  covering 
all  periods  of  Chinese  civilization.  In 
the  essays  or  poems  anyone  who  in- 
cludes unorthodox  theories  or  who  absent- 
mindedly  includes  the  names  of  the  Em- 
perors of  the  existing  dynasty  (no  scholar 
may  write  the  history  of  a  dynasty  until 
it  is  over)  will  have  the  misfortune  of 
seeing  his  paper  thrown  aside.  No  cor- 
rection is  permitted  on  the  papers  and 
every  word  must  be  an  example  of  good 
calligraphy.  Some  300  degrees  are  a- 
warded  at  this  national  examination.  The 
graduates  are  presented  to  the  Emperor, 
and  gifts  are  given  by  his  Majesty.  The 
incompetent  scholars  are  degraded  to  a 
lower  rank. 

As  was  stated  in  the  last  issue  of  the 
Digest,  those  who  received  the  doctorate 
were  given  a  special  series  of  tests,  and 
the  pick  of  them  were  elected  to  mem- 
bership in  the  Hanlin  or  Imperial  aca- 
demy, a  position  which  receives  high 
lu  (Cantonese,  luk)  or  emolument  from 
the  national  treasury.  In  addition  some 
tens  of  marginal  scholars  were  given  pro- 
bate standing  among  the  Hanlins.  No 
duties  were  assigned  to  this  group;  they 
simply  studied  there  to  qualify  for  regular 
membership.  (Note:  Examples  of  Han- 
lin and  chi  ti  calligraphy  and  composi- 


Chingwah  Lee 


t£v& 


hsiu   tfai 
Baccalaureate 
chu  Jen 
flatter  decree 
chin   shih 
Ooctorate 
hart  lin 
Academician 

ran  yuan 
The  J  highest 

chkh  yuan 
Honor  bachelor 

hui   yu$n 
Honor  master 

chuancf  yuan 
Honor   doctor 


-f 


5* 


.7L 


/; 


/Ja 


6  M'A 


Muo    tze  chien 
national  i/n/versity 
san    chi    ti 
The  J  laureate* 
fan    hua 
fla$na  cum  laude 

poncf   yen 
Insicfnz  cum  laude 

chuanf    yuan 
Summa  cam  laude 

ch'uan   lu 
Honorary   mention 

pai   lu   tunf 
Whitz  Deer  Grotto 

fund    wen  kuan 
Imperial   Qollzye 


J 


Glossary  of  terms  used.    Note:    Some  of  the  above  terms  are  not  literal  translations  but 
merely  the  equivalents  of  what  they  would  be  in  the  West. 


tion  may  be  seen  in  Chinatown,  in  the 
Hu  Wai  Key  studio  and  in  the  Chinese 
Digest  office.) 

Laudatory  titles  are  awarded  to  the 
highest  in  all  the  examinations.  These 
are  known  as  the  three  yuans  (san  yuan) 
and  the  three  chi  tis  (san  chi  ti).  The 
three  yans  are  awarded  to  the  highest 
in  each  of  the  three  examinations:  the 
chieh  yuan,  to  the  highest  ranking  bach- 
elor; the  hui  yuan  to  the  highest  ranking 
master;  and  the  chuang  yuan  to  the  high- 
est ranking  doctor. 

The  three  chi  tis  are  awarded  to  the 
three  highest  ranking  scholars  among  the 
Hanlin  elects:  the  t'an  hua,  the  p'ong  yen, 
and  the  chuang  yuan  (above  noted) , 
corresponding  to  the  magna  cum  laude, 
the  insigne  cum  laude,  and  the  summa 
cum  laude  of  the  West.  (As  an  example 
of  Chinese  humor,  a  popular  rice  congee 
having  tripe,  liver,  and  hog  entrail  in  it 
is  called  "san  chi  ti."  The  chuang  yuan 
or  Scholar  Laureate  really  has  no  corre- 
sponding position  in  the  West.  It  is  as  if 
a  Premier  should  also  be  a  Senior  Wrang- 
ler, a  Rhode  Scholar,  and  a  Nobel  Prize 
Winner.  These  bedecked  officials  are  con- 
sidered fit  to  marry  into  the  royal  family 
and  hold  such  important  posts  as  viceroy 
premiers. 

The  doctors,  exclusive  of  those  who  are 
elected  to  the  Hanlin,  are  assigned  to 
political  offices  by  lot.  They  become 
mayors  and  chancellors.  Promotion  from 
then  on  depends  on  his  ability  as  well  as 
on  how  he  gets  along  with  his  superiors 
and  those  he  governs.   A  candidate  may 


not  be  assigned  to  a  post  within"  200  miles 
of  his  home.  This  is  to  prevent  favorit- 
ism and  politics  within  his  jurisdiction, 
and  is  similar  to  the  "Residencia  System" 
in  that  an  official  may  not  marry  anyone 
within  his  territory  nor  conduct  business 
there. 

Whatever  defects  the  system  may  have 
had  is  more  than  balanced  by  its  merits. 
It  gradually  replaced  hereditary  feudal 
power  at  a  very  early  date,  enrolling  the 
most  capable  talents  within  the  empire 
to  serve  the  state,  regardless  of  class  or 
family  distinction.  It  insured  uniformi- 
ty of  custom,  language,  and  education. 
(Note:  The  Mandarin  or  official  dialect 
is  required  of  all  officials.  While  the  gov- 
ernment sent  out  lecturers  and  expositors 
to  schools  in  all  the  provinces  the  method 
of  education  is  left  almost  entirely  to  the 
people  themselves,  the  type  of  questions 
asked  at  the  examination  serving  as  a 
guide  for  their  education.)  It  created  a 
universal  desire  and  respect  for  education. 
The  chief  defect  of  the  system  is  the 
narrow  scope  of  the  questions,  being 
limited  chiefly  to  tests  on  literary  achieve- 
ment. Great  emphasis  was  placed  on 
memory,  to  the  neglect  of  original  think- 
and  reasoning.  Also  the  scholar-officials 
had  developed  a  button-wearing,  ortho- 
dox-but-agnostic priestcraft  exacting  un- 
due reverence  from  the  populace.  It  is 
to  be  regretted  that  instead  of  being 
modified  to  fit  modern  conditions  (as  was 
proposed  by  Emperor  Kuang  Hsu) ,  the 
system  was  completely  abolished  in  1904. 

(See  INVENTIONS,  p.  23,  col.  3) 


December,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


SOCIOLOGICAL      DATA 


THE  CHINESE 
SINGLE  MEN 

By  Samuel  D.  Lee 
(Last  of  a  series  of  four  articles.  The 
first  three  appeared  in  the  July,  August, 
and  September  issues.) 

Many  factors  enter  into  making  the 
problem  of  earning  a  living  a  difficult  one 
for  the  Chinese  single  man.  From  the 
beginning  of  California  history,  when 
Kearny  gloated  that  Chinese  labor  was 
ruining  America,  to  the  present  time, 
there  has  been  a  certain  amount  of  an- 
tipathy toward  the  Chinese.  Labor  organi- 
zations, until  recently,  have  refused 
Chinese  membership  and  have  forced 
them  from  industries  in  which  they  were 
able  to  earn  a  living.  Inarticulate  in  Eng- 
lish speech,  the  Chinese  single  man  has 
confined  most  of  his  employment  life  in 
fields  of  endeavor  unwanted  by  the  Cau- 
casian worker.  Lacking  in  educational 
preparation  for  technical  work,  they  have 
not  been  able  to  compete  in  bartering 
their  services  on  a  basis  of  proficiency. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  cen- 
tury, finding  a  place  in  the  economic  world 
was  not  exceptionally  difficult  because 
there  were  still  many  industries  which  were 
unable  to  find  sufficient  workers.  Never- 
theless, most  of  the  Chinese  workers 
have  served  an  apprenticeship  in  Ameri- 
can households  where  it  was  possible  to 
learn  some  English.  After  serving  this 
period  of  training  a  number  of  them 
entered  into  small  businesses  which  ca- 
tered to  Chinese.  The  following  table 
shows  the  distribution  of  the  single  men 
according  to  their  former  occupation: 

Occupation  No.  of  Men 

Family  cooks  9 

Restaurant  and  hotel  cooks  7 

Camp  cooks 14 

Kitchen  helpers  13 

Waiters  ---     4 

Laundrymen   18 

Laundry  operators 7 

Janitors    2 

Small  business  operators 5 

Store  clerks  (sales)    _ 8 

Garment  makers 7 

Chauffeurs  and  truck  drivers 5 

Seasonal  farm  laborers  12 

Seasonal  cannery  workers  1 

Seasonal  fishery  workers  11 

Miscellaneous  classification 8 

131 
Under    the    "miscellaneous    classifica- 
tion" can  be  found  gold  miners,  broom- 


makers,  munition  makers,  and  other  semi- 
professional  workers.  In  practically  every 
manufacturing  concern  in  which  Chinese 
are  found,  the  business  is  usually  initiated 
by  Chinese  capital.  Small  business  opera- 
tors were  men  engaged  in  Chinese  mer- 
chandising in  small  towns  in  California. 
Except  in  the  case  of  family  cooks,  laun- 
drymen, and  seasonal  workers,  employ- 
ment opportunities  are  very  limited.  These 
occupations  still  hire  a  great  number  of 
Chinese,  but  unfortunately,  the  men  on 
relief  have  now  passed  the  age  of  em- 
ployability. 

Employment  opportunities  for  Chi- 
nese single  men  have  not  changed  appreci- 
ably during  the  past  year.  Except  in  com- 
mercial firms  in  which  it  is  financially 
profitable  to  employ  a  Chinese  representa- 
tive, few  firms  engage  Chinese.  The 
plight  of  the  grammar  and  high  school 
graduates  is  as  serious  today  as  it  was 
for  the  uneducated  of  30  or  40  years  ago, 
especially  since  American  families  no 
longer  employ  unskilled  domestics. 

Chinese  workers  have  an  enviable  record 
of  stability.  The  Chinese  single  man  is 
not  much  different  from  men  who  have 
been  able  to  forestall  application  for  pub- 
lic assistance.  The  following  table  shows 
the  distribution  of  single  men  according 
to  the  length  of  their  longest  job. 

Longest  Job  Held  No.  of  Men 
Worked  for  less  than  1  year  on  1  job-  12 
Worked  from  1  to  2  years  on  1  job —  15 
Worked  from  2  to  3  years  on  1  job—  12 
Worked  from  3  to  4  years  on  1  job —  13 
Worked  from  4  to  5  years  on  1  job.—  8 
Worked  from  5  to  10  years  on  1  job —  33 
Worked  from  10  to  20  years  on  1  job-  29 
Worked  over  20  years  on  1  job 9 


131 


While  gainfully  employed,  the  Chi- 
nese single  man  earned  an  average  of 
$54.61  per  month,  the  spread  ranging 
from  a  low  of  $30  per  month  to  $150  per 
month.  In  the  lower  brackets  of  earn- 
ings quite  frequently  room  and  board  was 
provided.  From  this  salary,  most  of  the 
men  had  to  provide  for  families  in  China. 
Only  when  you  consider  the  years  of  un- 
employment prior  to  application  for  re- 
lief can  you  appreciate  how  frugal  the 
single  man  has  been  in  providing  for  the 
future.  In  only  23  instances,  single  men's 
savings  have  been  sufficient  to  provide  for 
their  needs  for  a  period  of  more  than  one 
year.  The  following  table  shows  the  dis- 
tribution of  single  men  according  to  the 


number  of  years  of  unemployment  prior 
to  application  for  relief. 

No.  of  years  unemployed        No.  of  Men 
Less  than  1  year 23 

1  to  2  years 38 

2  to  3  years  19 

3  to  4  years  24 

4  to  5  years 7 

5  to  6  years  11 

6  to  10  years 9 

131 

From  the  general  analysis  of  the  Chi- 
nese single  man,  the  assertion  that  they 
are  on  relief  because  of  conditions  be- 
yond their  control  is  somewhat  compen- 
sated. Until  some  provision  can  be  made 
for  their  permanent  care  after  they  have 
become  unemployable  due  to  senility,  the 
problem  of  the  single  man  will  continue 
unsolved. 

o 

CHINESE  T.  B.  RATE 
HIGH  IN  HAWAII 

Honolulu,  T.H. — The  death  rate  of| 
Chinese  from  tuberculosis  in  this  terri- 
tory is  five  times  that  of  Caucasians,  ac- 
cording to  a  recent  survey  made  by  the 
Tuberculosis  association  here. 

The  rate  for  the  Chinese,  86  per  100,- 
000  population  from  1931  to  1937,  is 
lower  than  that  of  Filipinos,  Hawaiians, 
or  Koreans.  However,  it  is  10  per  cent 
higher  than  that  of  the  Japanese  and 
nearly  500  per  cent  higher  than  that  of 
other  Caucasians. 

c 

A  great  man  never  loses  the  simplicity 
of  a  child. — Mencius. 


From  Factory  To  You 
Not  Sold  to  Stores 

EASY  TERMS 


I 


ASA  BED 

BELL   CHESTERFIELD    BEDS 

also  Bell  Chair  Beds 
BELL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

1022  Geary  St.  San    Francisco 


■  1 


Poge  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


December,   1937 


THE     JADE    BOX 


P'ing  Yu 


MRS.  HUA- 
CHUEN  MEI 

Contributor  to  China's  Social  Welfare 

(Note:  This  brief  interview  with  Mrs. 
Hua-Chuen  Mei,  noted  social  welfare 
worker,  pioneer  Y.  W.  C.  A.  champion 
and  active  clubwoman,  is  a  glimpse  into 
the  life  of  one  of  China's  women  leaders 
of  today.) 

Representative  of  the  very  finest  and 
most  distinguished  volunteer  workers  of 
China,  Mrs.  Anna  Kong  Mei's  history 
is  dotted  with  achievements. 

As  founder  of  the  Chinese  Women's 
club  of  Shanghai  and  the  Joint  com- 
mittee of  Shanghai  Women's  associa- 
tion, two  of  the  most  influential  women's 
groups  in  China,  Mrs.  Mei  did  her  share 
in  elevating  the  plane  of  Chinese 
womanhood.  As  honorary  member  of 
the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  National  committee 
and  a  charter  member  of  the  American 
Association  of  University  women,  Mrs. 
Mei  fulfilled  the  religious  and  educa- 
tional aspects  in  her  work. 

Born  in  Hongkong,  Mrs.  Mei  was 
sent  to  Honolulu  when  six  years  of  age, 
where  she  attended  elementary  and  high 
school,  graduating  from  the  latter  with 
high  honors.  She  spent  her  freshman 
year  in  the  University  of  California  at 
Berkeley,  then  transfered  to  Barnard 
college,  Columbia  university,  where  she 
received  her  B.  A.  degree  in  1915.  She 
then  returned  to  Shanghai,  and  has  re- 
sided there  since. 

Immediately  after  her  return  to  China, 
Mrs.  Mei  kept  three  objectives  in  view: 
to  organize  Chinese  women  for  service 
to  their  country  and  their  own  commun- 
ity; to  develop  better  international  re- 
lationship through  women's  activities; 
and  to  prove  that  a  married  woman  can 
successfully  combine  homemaking  with 
service  to  her  community.  How  she 
has  succeeded  is  best  shown  by  her  latest 
appointment  to  represent  and  lead 
China's  delegation  to  the  Fourth  Pan- 
Pacific  Women's  conference  recently 
held  at  Vancouver.  Indeed,  during  my 
interview  of  Mrs.  Mei  in  her  model 
apartments,  her  third  objective  was 
vividly  proved  as  evidenced  by  the  happy 
relationship  between  Mrs.  Mei  and  her 
two  delightful  daughters,  Julia  and 
Betty,  who  were  present. 

Y.  W.  C.  A.  Work 

Joining  the  National  committee  of 
the   Y.   W.   C.   A.   almost   immediately 


upon  her  return  to  China,  Mrs.  Mei 
stayed  with  it  as  an  active  member  for 
20  years.  She  was  chairman  for  seven 
successive  years  during  the  period  of 
its  greatest  expansion,  when  the  move- 
ment spread  to  all  the  large  cities  in 
China,  and  over  90  student  associations 
were  formed. 

Among  other  committees  on  which 
Mrs.  Mei  served  were  those  of  public 
health,  which  inaugurated  a  national 
health  campaign  and  baby  contests  (may 
I  add  here  that  Mrs.  Mei  has  three 
children,  a  grown  boy  and  two  young 
daughters) ;  and  the  Building  committee, 
of  which  she  was  chairman,  whose  work 
resulted  in  the  first  women's  building 
in  Shanghai. 

Mrs.  Mei  represented  China  at  the 
World's  Y.  W.  C.  A.  conference  in 
1924,  making  valuable  contributions  to 
the  meeting.  In  1925  she  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  World's  Y.  W. 
C.  A. 

The   Chinese  Women's   Club 

First  formed  in  1918,  the  Chinese 
Women's  club  has  developed  under  the 
guidance  of  Mrs.  Mei  into  one  of  the 
most  powerful  organizations  composed 
of  Chinese  women.  It  works  for  the 
welfare  of  women  and  children,  its  pet 
charity  being  the  establishment  of  free 
schools   for  underprivileged  children. 

Other  organizations  of  which  Mrs. 
Mei  is  a  member  are  the  Amity  Lodge 
Ladies'  Circle,  the  Women's  Auxiliary 
of  the  Community  church,  Choir,  and 
Mothers'  committee;  the  New  Life 
movement;  the  Film  Censorship  com- 
mittee appointed  by  the  Shanghai  Muni- 
cipal council;  the  Columbia  university 
club;  and  the  Child  Welfare  association. 
Joint  Committee  Activities 

As  one  of  the  founders,  Mrs.  Mei 
has  served  on  the  Joint  committee  of 
Shanghai  Women's  organizations  (an 
international  body)  in  various  capacities 
ever  since.  From  1921-1925  she  was 
chairman  and  following  its  reorganiza- 
tion in  1926  she  has  been  on  the  execu- 
tive committee  up  till  last  year. 

During  her  association  with  this 
group,  which  represents  about  twenty 
different  nationalities,  she  has  created 
constructive  interest  in  parks  for  the 
Chinese,  schools  for  Chinese  girls,  the 
international  aspects  of  the  Joint  Com- 
mittee factory  legislation,  aroused  civic 
consciousness  for  both  Chinese  and  for- 


eigners, and  was  the  first  to  turn  the 
annual  Club  institute  towards  the  study 
of  Shanghai  and  its  problems. 

She  is  happily  married  to  Dr.  H.  C. 
Mei,  a  well-known  lawyer  who  graduated 
from  Columbia  university  and  who  also 
holds  a  doctor's  degrees  from  New  York 
university. 

As  one  of  the  vice-chairmen  of  the 
Pan-Pacific  Women's  association,  which 
convenes  every  three  years,  and  chairman 
of  the  China  Preparation  committee 
from  1934-37,  Mrs.  Mei's  efforts  have 
been  largely  responsible  for  China's  con- 
tinued participation  in  the  Conferences. 

As  woman  to  woman,  I  asked  Mrs. 
Mei  of  our  belief  if  the  influence  of 
Madame  Chiang  Kai-shek  on  the  uni- 
fication   of    China    was    over-estimated. 

Mrs.  Mei  replied  that  Mme.  Chiang 
may  be  termed  General  Chiang's  "pri- 
vate Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,"  and 
a  complement  to  her  husband,  in  that 
she  is  so  close  to  him,  understanding  his 
objectives  as  no  one  else  can. 

Mrs.  Mei  believes  that  Mme.  Chiang's 
influence  is  really  more  in  the  "New 
Life  Movement,"  a  crusade  which  defines 
itself  in  its  title.  Her  sincerity  and 
untiring  efforts  have  won  her  a  huge 
following.  It  is  through  this  New  Life 
Movement  that  we  hope  to  return  to 
the  Chinese  virtues  of  Li,  I,  Lien,  and 
Ch'ih  to  offset  and  raise  ourselves  from 
the  indifference,  ignorance,  and  abject- 
ness  back  to  a  place  where  China  really 
belongs,  stated  Mrs.  Mei. 

At  the  conclusion  of  this  short  inter- 
view, I  left  with  a  feeling  that  not  only 
was  it  a  privilege  to  be  granted  this  in- 
formal chat  with  Mrs.  Mei,  but  also 
with  the  realization  that  so  many  parental 
problems  can  solve  themselves  when  a 
home  is  under  the  guidance  of  an  under- 
standing mother. 

EXPERT  HAIR  STYLING 

by   Hazel   Chinn 

i 

For  those  holiday  festivities,  hove  your     : 
i  hair   done  at  the 

!  i 

!     LOTUS   BEAUTY  SHOP 

i 

864  Jackson  San   Francisco 

Phone   CHina   0011 


I 


V 


December,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  9 


REVIEWS    AND   COMMENTS 


AMBITION 
VERSUS  DUTY 

Son  of  Han.  By  Richard  LaPiere. 
314  pp.  New  York:  Harper  &  Brothers. 
#.50. 

In  one  respect  this  novel  is  a  unique 
piece  of  fiction  writing.  The  author  is 
now  Assistant  Professor  of  Sociology  at 
Stanford,  but  years  ago,  when  he  was  a 
student  there,  he  roomed  with  a  Chinese 
student  named  Wang  Cheng  and  the 
two  became  intimate  friends.  Wang  had 
a  collection  of  Chinese  poems  which  had 
been  in  his  family  for  generations.  He 
gave  LaPiere  rough  translations  of  them. 
The  latter  tried  to  cast  them  into  poetic 
forms  but  the  verses  resisted  transform- 
ation into  another  language.  Mr.  La- 
Piere saw  a  dramatic  story  in  these  poems, 
however,  and  began  to  toy  with  the  idea 
of  writing  a  novel  around  them.  And 
"Son  of  Han,"  the  story  of  a  middle 
class  Chinese  family  of  the  last  century, 
came  to  be  written. 

The  uniqueness  of  this  novel  is  this: 
whereas  those  who  have  written  about 
China  in  fiction  have  either  been  there 
at  least  a  couple  of  months  or  many 
decades,  the  author  of  "Son  of  Han" 
has  never  even  seen  China.  For  the 
material  and  background  of  his  story 
he  has  depended  upon  his  Chinese  stu- 
dent friends  at  Stanford.  That,  relying 
upon  second  hand  information,  Mr.  La- 
Piere has  been  able  to  turn  out  a  charm- 
ing and  credible  story  is  to  his  credit 
as  a  thoroughly  competent  novelist.  He 
has  succeeded  where  others  who  have  seen 
China  and  lived  with  the  Chinese  have 
failed.  In  his  descriptive  passages  and 
his  sense  of  the  dramatic  Mr.  LaPiere 
reminds  the  reviewer  of  some  of  the 
best  short  Chinese  stories  of  James  W. 
Bennet's  "Plum  Blossoms  and  Blue  In- 
cense." 

The  setting  of  the  novel  is  China  of 
the  middle  nineteenth  century,  the  plot 
concerns  three  generations  of  the  Han 
family's  male  members  in  their  efforts 
to  attain  the  highest  degree  of  Chinese 
scholarship,  and  the  theme — if  any  was 
intended — is  one  of  scholarly  ambitions 
pitted  against  the  age  old  Chinese  filial 
custom  of  marrying  early  and  fulfilling 
one's  duty  in  perpetuating  the  family 
name.      In   this   struggle   ambition    lost. 

The  Han  family  lives  in  Ta  Yang 
somewhere  in  Yunnan  province.  They 
belong  to  the  middle  class,  or  what  our 
radical  friends  call  the  bourgeois  today, 


and  their  greatest  ambition  was  for  the 
male  members  to  win  scholarly  honors, 
for  this  was  the  road  to  personal  achieve- 
ment and  official  prominence. 

The  story  opens  with  the  birth  of 
Han  Te-lin  (Forest  of  Righteousness) , 
and  it  is  his  fortunes  which  the  reader 
follows.  Te-lin's  grandfather  failed  to 
achieve  the  Third  Degree  Scholar;  so 
did  Te-lin's  father.  With  the  birth  of  a 
grandson,  however,  the  high  hopes  of 
the  family  were  transferred  to  him. 
Perhaps  Te-lin  would  not  stop  at  the 
First  Degree  Scholar,  but  proceed  on  to 
the  Second  and  finally  the  Third  Degree. 

We  get  to  know  the  Han  family  as 
Te-lin  grows  up.  There  was  the  Ma- 
triarch, imperious,  hot-tempered,  whom 
every  one  feared  and  gave  way  to;  there 
was  the  grandfather,  who  died  with  the 
hope  that  his  grandson  would  win  the 
highest  academic  honors;  Te-lin's  mother, 
who  was  always  in  the  background;  his 
father,  Han  Lo,  who  had  been  frustrated 
in  his  own  ambition  to  be  a  scholar;  Te- 
lin's  uncle,  Han  Chung,  who  had  also 
failed  in  the  examinations;  the  aunt, 
White  Jade,  a  thoughtful  and  patient 
wife,  who  knew  how  to  please  everyone, 
including  the  Matriarch;  and  Te-lin's 
sister. 

Te-lin  began  his  studies  of  the  classics 
as  soon  as  he  was  able  to  hold  a  brush 
tightly.  He  studied  hard  because  he 
had  been  told  what  his  grandfather  and 
father  expected  of  him,  and  he  wanted 
at  all  costs  to  live  up  to  their  expectations. 
And  when  he  was  sufficiently  prepared 
to  take  his  first  examination  he  journeyed 
with  eight  thousand  other  students  to 
the  provincial  capital  at  Yunnanfu.  Here 
he  had  his  first  taste  of  urban  life,  met 
a  distant  cousin,  Black  Jade,  and  fell  in 
love  with  her.  However,  his  first  emo- 
tional experience  did  not  prevent  him 
from  passing  the  examination.  Perhaps 
it  even  helped. 

Te-lin  went  home  as  a  proud  Scholar 
of  the  First  Order.  Grandfather  had 
died,  but  father  was  still  there  and  his 
hopes  were  high  as  he  prepared  Te-lin 
for  the  next  academic  honor. 

But  circumstances,  almost  the  same  that 
had  wrapped  themselves  around  the  lives 
of  Te-lin's  father  and  grandfather,  were 
already  conspiring  to  destroy  the  young 
scholar's  ultimate  ambition.  The  Ma- 
triarch could  not  see  why  men  should 
waste  their  lives  in  poring  over  books 
and    writing   poetry.      When    a   man    is 


of  age  he  must  marry  and  bring  descend- 
ants into  the  world.  It  was  a  filial  duty 
and  cannot  be  shirked.  The  voice  of 
ancient  China  spoke  through  the  Ma- 
triarch as  she  insisted  that  Te-lin  must 
marry  as  soon  as  possible. 

The  Matriarch's  wish  was  to  be  frus- 
trated for  the  time  being,  however,  be- 
cause the  girl  she  had  chosen  for  Te- 
lin  to  marry  died,  and  Te-lin,  aided  by 
his  father  and  uncle,  got  his  chance 
to  take  the  second  examination  three 
years  later.  But  this  time  he  failed 
— failed  not  because  of  intellectual  short- 
comings, but  because  at  the  moment  that 
he  was  copying  a  poem  in  his  examina- 
tion cell,  the  smell  of  dying  honeysuckle 
assailed  his  nostrils,  bringing  with  it  the 
memory  of  Black  Jade.  At  that  moment 
his  brush  slipped  and  a  stain  was  made 
on  the  copying  paper.  And  since  no 
extra  paper  is  given  for  this  purpose 
Te-lin's  hope  of  winning  the  Second  Or- 
der was  destroyed.  Three  years  of  pre- 
paration nullified  by  a  blot  of  ink!  Upon 
such  an  insignificant  mistake  the  am- 
bition  of  many   years   is   wrecked. 

Te-lin  went  home  in  disgrace  this  time, 
but  determined  to  try  again.  This  time 
the  Matriarch  succeeded  in  getting  him 
to  marry,  but  he  studied  on,  though  by 
this  time  life  was  beginning  to  wear  him 
down   in  spite   of  his   youth. 

But  Han  Te-lin  was  never  to  take 
another  examination  again.  Something 
else  intervened,  the  effort  to  help  his 
"ceremonial  brother"  Yu  to  find  and 
punish  by  law  the  murderer  of  the  latter's 
father.  Te-lin  postponed  his  examination 
another  three  years,  but  he  knew  at  the 
last  that  he,  too,  like  his  father  and 
grandfather  before  him,  had  to  give  up 
his  ambition  to  be  a  Scholar  of  the  Third 
Order  because  family  responsibilities  had 
become  too  numerous  with  the  birth  of 
his  own   son. 

The  story  ends,  as  was  inevitable,  in  a 
note  of  lingering  sadness.  The  rites  and 
rituals  by  which  China  had  lived  for 
thousands  of  years  —  the  rigid  family 
system,  early  marriage,  the  unceasing 
ceremonies  of  daily  life — had  conspired 
to  make  Te-lin  a  conformist,  to  submerge 
his  personal  initiative,  and  at  last  to  de- 
feat him  completely.  What  was  easily 
one  of  the  most  dramatic  moments  in 
the  novel  (which  the  author  failed  to 
take  advantage  of)  was  when  Te-lin 
discovered  in  a  flash  (as  Philip  Carey 
(See  AMBITION,  p.  23,  col.  1) 


K' 


U 


Page   10 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


December,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINA  TO  BE  REPRESENTED 
IN  THE  1939  EXPOSITION 

Local  Chinese  to  Create  a  China  Garden 

San  Francisco,  Nov.  30. — A  group  of 
public-spirited  Chinese  formally  accepted 
the  responsibility  of  creating  a  pictur- 
esque Chinese  city  in  the  coming  1939 
Golden  Gate  International  Exposition  at 
Treasure  Island.  Before  a  press  confer- 
ence a  spokesman  issued  the  following 
statement  for  national  release: 

The  Republic  of  China,  bravely  de- 
fending herself  against  foreign  aggres- 
sion, may  not  participate  officially  in  the 
coming  Golden  Gate  International  Ex- 
position, but  has  expressed  her  goodwill 
and  her  disposition  to  cooperate  actively. 
Patriotic  Chinese  in  America,  represent- 
ing bankers,  bazaar  owners,  cafe  oper- 
ators, theatrical  men,  travel  directors,  and 
importers,  are  responding  by  planning  for 
a  capacious  "China  Garden"  which  will 
combine  exhibits  and  concessions  in  the 
form  of  a  little  Chinese  city. 

Officials  of  the  Exposition  have  seen  fit 
to  grant  unusual  privileges  to  this  project 
and  have  reserved  the  largest  single  con- 
cession unit  area  for  China  Garden.  It 
will  be  the  only  national  concession  of  its 
kind  granted,  with  no  other  competiting 
Oriental    villages    or    European    cities. 


Fully  a  block  square,  the  only  one  with  an 
entrance  on  the  exhibit  and  the  amuse- 
ment side,  the  China  Garden  will  be  a 
dream  spot  in  the  forthcoming  Pageantry 
of  the  Pacific. 

A  Bit  of  Picturesque  China 

A  colorful  arch  or  pailou  welcomes  visi- 
tors to  a  bit  of  old  China,  charmingly  ter- 
raced and  beautifully  landscaped — a 
garden  dotted  here  and  there  with  tiny 
lakes,  camel-back  bridges  astride  gentle 
streams,  pavilions  overlooking  flower  beds, 
bronze  statues  whose  turquoise  patina  be- 
speaks of  centuries  of  fortitude  to  the  ele- 
ments. "A  coromandel  screen  coming  to 
life"  is  the  phrase  of  Mr.  Mark  Daniels, 
noted  architect  of  California. 

Imposing  tiled  structures  which  are 
composites  of  Imperial  palaces  will  nestle 
amidst  fragrant  pines  and  drooping  wil- 
lows. A  tall  pagoda,  overlooking  the  en- 
tire ground,  will  have  one  floor  each  de- 
voted to  an  aspect  of  Chinese  civilization, 
such  as  jade  carvings,  rare  paintings,  ce- 
ramics, examples  of  Chinese  inventions, 
textiles,  literature,  etc.  There  will  also 
be  a  temple  interior,  authentic  to  the 
smallest  detail. 
Classic  Drama  and  the  Court  of  Fortune 

For  the  theater  lovers,  exquisitely  de- 
signed playhouses  will  give  a  number  of 


plays  and  spectacles  which  are  Chinese  in 
character.  Actors  and  musicians  from 
Canton  will  present  the  classic  Chinese 
drama  of  old.  A  bevy  of  Chinese  beauties 
will  put  on  dance  and  song  programs. 
A  shadow  puppet  troupe  will  compete 
with  modern  talkies  from  a  major  Chi- 
nese studio. 

A  Court  of  Fortune,  close  to  the  thea- 
ters, is  composed  of  booths  and  pavilions 
for  such  distinctively  Chinese  games  of 
amusement  as  archery,  wingo,  bean  guess- 
ing, penny  rolling,  turtle  races,  etc.  In 
addition,  there  will  be  spectacles,  exhibits, 
fortune  telling,  etc. 

Cafes  and  Bazaars 

A  dance  pavilion  of  gracious  red  lac- 
quered columns  and  green  tiled  roof  is 
matched  by  three  companion  edifices 
equally  ambitious  in  construction.  A 
fortune  will  be  spent  in  creating  a  Cock- 
tail Cafe  of  pure  luxury.  This  lounge 
stands  within  call  of  the  Court  of  For- 
tune, the  Tea  Pavilion,  the  Cafe  proper, 
and  the  Dance  Pavilion. 

A  two-storied  cafe  will  include  a  spa- 
cious roof  deck  and  a  banquet  hall  for 
special  occasions.  The  Tea  Pavilion  is 
a  trim  ornamental  structure  where  one 
may  have  tea,  dainties,  and  fountain 
service.     There  will  also  be  a  lawn  for 


(Left)    Entrance  to  China  Garden — a  Pailou. 


I  Right1   Shops  and  Bazaars;  Verondo  of  Cocktail  Cafe  at  Right. 


«* 


December,  1937 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  11 


CHINATOWNIA 


'■■TB<JCa5^ 


(Left)        Handicraft  Shop  in    Rustic  Village  Section. 


(Right)     Terraced    Landscape;    Temple    in    Background. 


those  who  wish  to  sip  tea  out  of  doors. 
Exclusive    Shops    and    Bazaars 

An  arcade  of  dainty  shops  will  sell 
such  exclusive  imported  products  as  silk, 
rare  incense  and  candles,  fancy  slippers, 
curios,  porcelains,  carvings,  and  souvenirs. 
There  will  be  ten  such  shops,  including 
a  bazaar  which  will  carry  goods  not  cov- 
ered by  the  exclusive  shops.  Only  ten 
such  shops  will  be  erected  so  that  all 
will  have  a  chance  to  do  a  large  volume  of 
business.  As  these  shops  are  small  some 
merchants  are  planning  to  take  several  at 
a  time. 

A   Rustic   Village 

A  section  of  the  ground  will  be  con- 
verted into  a  unique  "Good  Earth  Vil- 
lage," with  many  aspects  of  Chinese 
farm  life  in  actual  operation,  such  as 
the  harvesting  of  grains,  raising  of  trans- 
planted vegetables,  rearing  of  water  buf- 
falos,  irrigation  with  picturesque  water 
wheels,  etc.  This  is  truly  an  educational 
feature  of  the  China  Garden  and  con- 
stitutes one  of  the  ten  free  exhibits  open 
to   the   public. 

A  stage  in  an  open  court  gives  free 
shows  daily,  such  as  juggling,  acrobatics, 
magic,  lion  dance,  sword  fights,  etc. 

The  village  will  also  include  a  market 
of  rustic  shops  which  sell  such  made-on- 
the-spot  handicrafts  as  jewelry,  lanterns, 
rattan  work,  carpentry,  carvings,  etc.; 
also  a  few  booths  to  make  and  sell  such 


delicacies  as  "chasiu-bau"  (barbequed 
pork  buns)  and  sweets.  These  rustic 
shops  constitute  another  picturesque  as- 
pect of  the  China  Garden. 

Organization  of  the  China  Garden 

An  organization,  the  Chinese  Factors, 
is  incorporated  in  the  State  of  California 
with  a  capitalization  of  $250,000  so 
that  all  Chinese  individuals  or  firms  may 
participate  under  one  coordinated  plan 
within  the  China  Garden.  Experts  in 
finance,  showmanship,  architecture,  pub- 
licity, and  business  management  are  em- 
ployed by  the  Corporation,  and  subscrib- 
ers are  entitled  to  consultation. 

Elaborate  entertainment  will  be  staged 
near  the  entrance  to  draw  in  visitors, 
estimated  at  from  five  to  ten  millions 
for  the  China  Garden.  Within  the  China 
Garden  there  will  be  additional  free 
shows,  free  dancing,  and  ten  free  ex- 
hibits. Said  one  of  the  officials,  "The 
China  Garden  will  go  down  in  Exposition 
history  as  the  first  private  Chinese  entry 
on  an  imposing  scale.  Heretofore,  Chi- 
nese concessions  ran  under  immense 
handicaps,  lacking  as  they  do  modern 
cooperative  organization,  knowledge  of 
Western  psychology,  showmanship,  and 
central  theme.  We  are  working  day 
and  night  to  perfect  our  plan  so  that  all 
participants  will  have  a  chance  to  earn 
some  money.  We  hope  that  the  China 
Garden  will  be  a  stepping  stone  for  in- 
dustrious young  men  and  women  in  our 
community." 


SIX  COMPANIES  BUILDING 
FINISHED 

Salinas,  Calif. — The  Chinese  popula- 
tion here  can  now  boast  of  a  Six  Com- 
panies of  their  own.  More  than  a  year 
ago  they  started  a  campaign  to  raise 
funds  for  such  a  building  which  would 
also  be  their  Chinese  school.  Last  month 
the  building  was  completed  and  the  Chi- 
nese school  was  opened  amidst  solemn 
ceremonies. 


It  is  harder  to  be  poor  without  mur- 
muring than  to  be  rich  without  arro- 
gance.— Confucius. 


GREYHOUND 

THE    BIGGEST 
DOLLAR'S  WORTH 

In 
TRANSPORTATION 

Greyhound  comfort  and  frequent  con- 
venient departures  make  this  the  ideal 
travel. 


GREYHOUND 


Page   )2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


December,   1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


PEACE— 

A  CHINATOWN  SKETCH 

By  Constance  W.  Camp 

The  tapering  fingers  of  the  afternoon 
sun,  poking  through  the  splintered  slats 
of  Ling  Tong's  medicine  shop,  etched 
criss-cross  patterns  on  the  cracked  con- 
crete floor. 

Uneven  rows  of  dust-covered  bottles 
stood  on  the  narrow  shelves  above  the 
creaky  old  bench  on  which  Ling  sat 
hunched  over  like  a  half-filled  sack  of 
rice.  A  pair  of  thick-lenzed  spectacles, 
the  kind  he  sold  with  the  eye  liquid  for 
twenty-five  cents,  straddled  unsteadily  on 
the  end  of  his  flat  stubby  nose. 

"Japanese  Air  Raiders  Bomb  Canton." 
The  Chinese  paper,  clutched  tightly  be- 
tween the  knotted  hands,  trembled  noise- 
lessly. Canton  was  the  big  city  in  Ling's 
native  province  of  Kwangtung  .  .  .  his 
home  lay  in  a  little  village  near  the 
great  city.  The  almond  brown  eyes,  mov- 
ing quickly  up  and  down,  pierced  the 
columns  of  printed  characters. 

Surely  the  enemy  would  not  dare  to 
desecrate  his  native  hearth,  Ling  thought. 
Yes  .  .  .  the  paper  said  it  had  been 
done.  His  mind  darted  back  to  the 
home  of  his  boyhood  days  .  .  .  the  bam- 
boo hut  in  the  dirty  narrow  alley  .  .  . 
his  father,  a  poor  farmer;  his  mother, 
the  patient  burden  bearer  for  a  family 
of  ten  .  .  .  little  brothers  and  sisters, 
living  in  huts  of  their  own  now;  the 
ducks  and  pigs;  cats  and  dogs,  cluttering 
up  the  bunks  and  mud  floors  with  their 
noisy  broods  and  mangy  litters.  No  one 
was  left  in  the  old  hut  now  but  his 
parents,  Ling  mused. 

With  the  claw-like  nail  of  his  little 
finger,  Ling  scratched  the  thin  bunch  of 
hairs  on  his  flabby  chin.  His  father 
and  mother,  he  figured,  must  be  very 
old  now  .  .  .  much  too  old  to  leave  the 
village  across  the  sea  and  come  to  San 
Francisco.  Ling  knew  that  they  were 
proud  of  their  firstborn  and  he  longed 
to  show  them  the  shop  he  owned  with 
its  shelves  and  shelves  of  queer  shaped 
bottles  and  boxes  filled  with  potent  liq- 
uids and  powders. 

An  invisible  veil  of  loneliness  spread 
over  the  yellow  corrugated  face.  Ling 
wondered  what  the  old  people  were  do- 
ing today  in  the  little  village  ten  thous- 
and miles  away.  The  bamboo  hut  that 
he  had  helped  to  build  ...  so  frail  a 
strong  gust  of  wind  would  topple  it  to 
the  ground.   If  a  bomb  should  ...  if  it 


already  had.  .  .  .  No,  he  reasoned,  the 
air  raiders  would  pick  out  the  big  stone 
buildings  where  the  government  bosses 
lived. 

"Bombs  are  dropping  like  hailstones 
from  the  sky  .  .  .  blowing  into  bits 
everything  they  hit."  Ling  shoved  the 
glasses  till  they  pressed  tight  against  his 
bulging  lids.  "Innocent  women  and  chil- 
dren have  no  chance  of  escape  from  the 
hellish  fury  of  the  sky  raiders.  Men 
are  butchered  like  pigs  .  .  .  the  enemy 
takes  no  prisoners  .  .  .  even  defenseless 
villages  are  blasted  without  warning  of 
any  kind,"  the  paper  said. 

The  vacant  stare,  in  the  beady  eyes 
that  lay  almost  concealed  behind  thick, 
narrow  lids,  gave  no  sign  of  emotion  nor 
interest  in  anything  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  medicine  shop  on  Grant  avenue. 
Huttering  noisily,  the  paper  dropped 
through  the  outspread  knees  of  the  old 
man  onto  the  cracked  floor. 

"Hey,  there,  wake  up,  old  one!"  The 
pounding  fist  of  a  customer  on  the  rough 
board  counter  resounded  loudly  through 
the  rickety  shack.  "Come  on,  shake 
yourself,  O  sleepy  son  of  a  green  dragon 
...  or  don't  you  want  to  sell  me  a  box 
of  snake  powder  today?  Well,  weasel, 
go  on  and  sleep.  ...  I  can  get  better 
medicine  for  fewer  pennies  across  the 
street  at  Suey  Chop's  .  .  .  you  can  sleep 
on  FOREVER  for  all  I  care.  .  .  ." 

Ling  Tong,  the  old  shriveled  medicine 
man  sat  motionless  .  .  .  hunched  over 
like  a  half-filled  sack  of  rice.  He  had 
gone  to  sleep  .  .  .  FOREVER! 


THE  FIRE  DRILL 
A  SKETCH 

By  Earle  Ennis 

(The  following  humorous  sketch, 
which  may  be  aptly  subtitled,  "Or  What 
Happened  to  the  Chinese  Laundryman's 
Washing,"  is  reprinted  from  the  S.  F. 
Chronicle.  Mr.  Ennis  conducts  a  daily 
column  in  the  Chronicle  under  the  title 
"Smoke  Rings,"  and  occasionally  he  jots 
down  observations  or  little  stories  he  has 
heard  about  the  California  Chinese.  The 
title  of  the  following  piece  is  ours  and 
is  written  in  Mr.  Ennis'  typically  leisurely 
style  and  humorous  vein.  We  hope  you 
will  enjoy  it,  as  we  did. — Editor) 

Across  the  roof  tops  we  saw  a  wash 
swing  on  a  line  the  other  day  and  it 
recalled  to  us  a  fire  drill  we  saw  in  a 
small  California  town  several  years  ago. 
The  town  had  a  hand  engine — one  that 


was  pulled  by  a  rope  and  pumped  by 
sidebars  on  which  the  volunteer  fire  de- 
partment jerked. 

Once  a  year,  on  the  Fourth  of  July, 
the  engine  was  brought  out  and  a  fire 
drill  held.  This  went  on  for  years.  This 
particular  Fourth  we  happened  to  be  in 
town,  so  we  attended  the  fire  drill  with 
a  camera. 

As  every  fire  chief  knows,  when  there 
is  a  fire  drill,  water  has  to  be  squirted, 
and  it  has  to  be  squirted  somewhere. 
In  a  small  town  with  stores  along  the 
main  street,  there  aren't  many  merchants 
who  are  willing  to  have  their  stock 
soaked  down  to  please  the  fire  chief. 
But  in  this  town,  there  was  a  solution — 
a  Chinese  laundry. 

The  drill  was  pulled  off  at  noon.  The 
engine  maneuvered  into  place  in  front 
of  the  laundry.  A  lone  Chinese,  tilted 
back  in  a  chair,  smoking  in  the  sun  out 
front,  gave  a  scream  and  ran  for  the  in- 
side, his  slippers  flapping.  He  knew 
what  was  coming. 

The  chief  raised  his  arm,  the  citizens 
yanked  on  the  sidebars,  and  a  stream  of 
water  rose,  struck  the  front  of  the  Chi- 
nese laundry,  soaked  the  interior,  climbed, 
went  over  the  upper  coping  and  spread 
in  a  drenching  fan  over  the  roof  of  the 
laundry.  As  everybody  knows,  a  Chinese 
always  dries  his  clothes  on  the  roof. 

What  everybody  forgot  was  that  that 
particular  year  the  Fourth  fell  on  Satur- 
day. And  when  the  fire  drill  was  ended, 
the  town  wash  was  ruined,  and  there 
wasn't  a  dry  shirt  in  the  place  for  Sunday 
and  church.  And  the  women  of  the 
village  rose  en  masse  and  almost  lynched 
the  unfortunate  fire  chief  who  wasn't 
married  and  therefore  was  not  up  on 
domestic  problems. 

We  never  see  a  line  of  clothes  swing- 
ing on  a  roof  that  we  don't  recall  that 
tragic  Saturday. 


<4  Ait 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


December,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge   13 


eason's  (greetings 


PHYSICIANS    &    DENTISTS 


DAVID  K.  CHANG,  M. 
716  Pacific  St. 

D. 

A.  B.  CHINN,  M.  D. 
and 
HELEN   T.   CHINN,  M. 
755  Clay  St. 

D. 

MARGARET  CHUNG,  M 
752  Sacramento  St. 

D. 

COLLIN  H.  DONG,  M. 
949   Stockton    St. 

D. 

ALFRED    F.   JUE,  D.   D.  S. 
619  Keorny  St. 


CHANG  W.  LEE,  D.   D.  S. 
San   Francisco 


DAN  LEE,  D.  D.  S. 
700  Broadway 


THEODORE  C.  LEE,  D.  D.  S. 
847   Clay  St. 


WILLIAM  S.   LING,  D.  D.  S. 
717  Sacramento  St. 


CHIN  Y.   LOW,  M.  D. 
750    Grant    Ave. 


FRANK  T.   PARK,   D.   D.  S. 
Orthodontist 
25  Taylor  St. 


J.  T.  YEE,  D.  D.  S. 

640  Broadway 


OPTOMETRISTS 


ARTHUR  CHONG,  Opt.  D. 
746    Grant    Ave. 


RAYMOND  L.  NG,  Opt.  D. 
814    Grant    Ave. 


ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW 


WILLIAM  JACK  CHOW 
San  Francisco 


CHARLES  J.  JUNG 
622  Washington  St. 


ANTHONY  SETO 
700  Kearny  St. 


CHAN  CHUNG  WING 
485  California  St. 


rh'M L* 


*/ 


Page  14 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


December,  1937 


CHIN  ATOWNI  A 


S.  F.  Chinatown  was  treated  to  its  first  war  relief  fund  parade  when  the  China  War 
Relief  association  launched  its  second  relief  campaign  Nov.  27,  with  700  marching  feet. 
The  top  picture  shows  girls  of  the  Chung  Wah  school  getting  ready  to  march  in  front  of 
the  Chinese  Six  Companies;  the  middle  shows  a  few  of  the  parade  leaders.  From  right 
to  left  they  are:  B.  S.  Fong,  chairman  of  the  W.  R.  A.;  Consul  General  C.  C.  Huang; 
Chen  You-foon,  special  commissioner  of  Overseas  Chinese  Affairs;  and  Dr.  Kalfred  D.  Lum, 
Kuomintang  central  executive  committee  member.  The  lower  scene  shows  a  unit  of  the 
paroders  turning  from  Kearny  up  Washington  street. 


CHINESE  GIRDLE  FOR 
SECOND  RELIEF  CAMPAIGN 

San  Francisco — Having  filled  its  first 
refugee  relief  quota  of  £1,500,000  (Chi- 
nese) two  months  ago,  the  China  War 
Relief  Association  of  America,  organized 
only  three  months  to  date,  launched  its 
second  relief  campaign  recently.  The 
quota  this  time  was  set  at  £2,000,000 
Chinese,  with  the  time  limit  at  five 
months. 

Signal  for  the  launching  of  the  second 
campaign  was  a  parade  through  China- 
town on  November  27,  with  300  men  and 
women  campaign  volunteers  and  an  equal 
number  of  school  pupils  participating. 
Leading  the  parade  were  B.  S.  Fong,  chair- 
man of  the  War  Relief  association,  Con- 
sul General  Hon.  C.  C.  Huang,  and 
several  members  and  officials  of  the  Ku- 
omintang in  China,  Chen  You-foon,  Dr. 
Kalfred  Lum,  and  Liu  Wei-chi.  Banners 
and  placards  carried  high  by  the  march- 
ing pupils  of  several  schools  blazoned 
such  messages  as:  "Voluntary  Giving  to 
Save  the  Nation";  "Racial  Freedom 
and  Liberty  Forever!";  "Military  Resis- 
tance to  the  End!"  and  so  forth.  The 
patriotic  spirit  of  the  community  was 
well  stirred  by  this  demonstration. 

The  WRA  hopes  to  fill  its  second 
quota  well  ahead  of  schedule  by  an  inten- 
sive campaign,  using  to  the  limit  the 
facilities  of  the  five  native  language  dail- 
ies published  here  to  reach  the  Chinese 
in  every  part  of  California.  Donations 
from  Americans  are  welcome,  announced 
chairman  B.  S.  Fong.  He  stated  that 
during  the  past  two  months  large  and 
small  contributions  from  American 
friends  had  been  mailed  in,  one  giving 
as  much  as  £500. 

Over  200  men  volunteers,  divided  into 
a  dozen  divisions,  are  daily  canvassing  the 
community  and  the  Bay  region  for  con- 
tributions. Every  adult  working  person 
is  expected  to  help  to  the  minimum  ex- 
tent of  U.  S.  £30 — and  more  if  pos- 
sible— which  has  been  set  as  the  equiva- 
lent of  £100  Chinese,  regardless  of  dailv 
foreign  exchange  fluctuation.  Six  di- 
visions of  women  volunteers  totaling  54 
persons  are  reaching  the  women  popula- 
tion of  the  community.  Total  donations 
of  whatever  amount  may  be  paid  out- 
right or  by  regular  installment. 

Beside  this  current  relief  campaign  the 
WRA  has  appropriated  a  sum  previously 
raised  to  purchase  enough  material  with 
which  to  make  10,000  inner  garments  for 
the  wounded  soldiers  in  the  various  war 

(See  WAR  RELIEF  p.  2$,  col.  1 ) 


December,  1937 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  15 


CHINATOWNIA 


DONG  KINGMAN  WINS 
ART  PRIZE 

San  Francisco — At  the  recent  Oakland 
Art  Gallery's  fifth  annual  Exhibition  of 
watercolors,  pastels,  drawings,  and  prints, 
the  first  prize  of  $50  was  awarded  to  a 
watercolor  by  Dong  Kingman,  26-year- 
old  San  Francisco  artist,  whose  work  was 
adjudged  the  best  in  the  collection.  The 
winning  watercolor  was  titled  simply  as 
"Picture  No.  101."  By  virtue  of  win- 
ning this  award  Dong  becomes  the  Oak- 
land Gallery's  Guest  of  Honor  (for 
watercolor)  for  the  year  1937-38  and 
will  also  hold  an  exhibition  of  his  work 
during  the  year  following  the  receipt  of 
the  award. 

An  industrious  painter,  Dong  King- 
man participated  in  two  other  recent  ex- 
hibitions in  San  Francisco.  His  work 
was  conspicuous  in  the  second  annual 
exhibition  of  watercolors  sponsored  by 
the  S.  F.  Art  association  at  the  S.  F. 
Museum  of  Art.  At  the  same  time  his 
bright  and  some  times  brilliantly  ex- 
ecuted pictures  also  adorn  the  exhibition 
of  representative  work  done  on  the  Fed- 
eral Art  project  at  the  M.  H.  de  Young 
museum.  The  exhibition  included  water- 
colors,  oils,  murals,  mosaics,  and  sculp- 
ture, but  Dong  Kingman's  works  helped 
make  the  watercolor  division  stand  out. 
Art  critic  Alfred  Frankenstein  of  the 
S.  F.  Chronicle,  after  viewing  both  ex- 
hibitions, had  nothing  but  praise  for 
Dong.  Wrote  he:  "The  young  San 
Francisco  Chinese  expresses  a  real  per- 


Serve 
BELFAST 


BEVERAGES 


at    your   next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW  CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

820  Pacific  Ave.       DOuglas  0547 
San  Francisco,  California 


sonality  in  everything  he  does.  His  line 
is  as  bold  and  swift  as  Chinese  letter- 
ing, but  he  has  learned  (as  some  of  his 
Oriental  conferees  from  Los  Angeles 
unfortunately  have  not)  that  imitation 
of  the  Chinese  methods  in  which  he  was 
trained  will  not  do  in  the  modern  Occi- 
dental world.  His  style  is  vigorous,  cur- 
sive, highly  simplified,  but  true  to  the 
San  Francisco  hills  and  docks  which  he 
paints.  No  one  else  in  the  show  .  .  . 
splash  light  on  paper  so  brilliantly. 

"Dong  Kingman  is  bold,  free,  and 
joyous  as  always.  He  paints  with  soaked 
light.  He  is  San  Francisco's  A  No.  1 
watercolorist  at  the  present  moment." 

Two  years  ago  Dong  Kingman  was 
comparatively  unknown  in  this  city's  art 
circles.  Since  then,  however,  his  works 
have  appeared  in  practically  every  public 
exhibition,  big  or  small.  Last  year  he 
won  the  first  prize  for  watercolor  at  the 
S.  F.  Art  Association's  annual  exhibition. 
(Chinese   Digest,  January,    1937) 

o 

FIRE  RUINS 
WALNUT  GROVE 

Walnut  Grove,  Calif. — A  fire  of  un- 
determined origin  reduced  to  smoldering 
ruins  about  100  buildings  in  the  Chinese 
quarters  of  this  town  early  in  the  morn- 
ing of  November  9.  Of  the  several 
hundred  Chinese  fruit  orchard  and  farm 
operators  and  laborers,  four  perished  in 
the  flames,  burned  beyond  recognition. 

The  buildings,  mostly  of  light  frame 


construction  with  corrugated  iron  roofs, 
collapsed  in  flaming  ruins  before  fire 
fighters  could  reach  the  scene.  A  total  of 
500  residents,  including  the  Chinese,  were 
made  homeless,  and  property  damage 
was  estimated  at  from  #150,000  to  #250,. 
000. 

At  a  mass  meeting  of  the  Chinese 
refugees  several  hours  later,  held  at 
Locke,  a  town  one  mile  north,  the  four 
Chinese  dead  were  found  to  be:  Lee 
Yuen  Sing,  59  (Toyshan) ;  Quock  Ng, 
70  (Chungshan) ;  Lew  Ling,  50,  (Chung- 
shan) ;  and  Pang  Kah  Siu,  50,  (Toy- 
shan) . 

Many  of  the  homeless  Chinese  were 
temporarily  quartered  in  a  school  build- 
ing, and  emergency  soup  kitchens  were 
set  up  to  feed  them  by  the  more  fortu- 
nate residents  of  the  town.  Within  48 
hours  Chinese  fraternal,  district,  and  clan 
organizations  in  San  Francisco,  Sacra- 
mento, Stockton,  and  other  cities  sent 
messages  of  sympathy,  accompanied  by 
many  contributions  for  their  relief.  Sev- 
eral large  organizations  even  dispatched 
representatives  to  inquire  into  the  situa- 
tion of  the  destitute  Chinese  in  order  to 
find  practical  means  of  aiding  them. 


"Sociological  Data"  interprets  for  you 
the  cultural  and  social  changes  and  their 
meaning  in  the  life  of  present-day  Chinese 
in  America. 


4?**  ^hJh4^U04U  1/outk 

To  not  more  than  ten  young  men  and  women  with 
capital  ranging  from  $500  to  $5,000  the  Chinese  Trade 
And  Travel  Association  has  plans  for  safe  investment  and 
business  yielding  rapid  returns.  Write  us  a  letter  giving 
some  information  about  yourself. 

CHINESE  TRADE  AND  TRAVEL  ASSOCIATION 


Business  Department 
C.   W.   Lee,  Manager 


868  Washington  St. 


San  Francisco,  Calif. 


Page   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


December,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


MARITIME  FEDERATION  CALLS 
BOYCOTT  MEET 

San  Francisco — A  conference  to  initi- 
ate a  Japanese  goods  boycott,  called  un- 
der the  auspices  of  the  Maritime  federa- 
tion, District  Council  No.  2,  was  held 
November  7.  The  meeting  was  held  in 
Chinatown,  in  the  Chinese  Native  Sons' 
hall.  Present  were  delegates  from  33  A. 
F.  of  L.  and  C.  I.  O.  unions,  24  frater- 
nal organizations,  and  observers  from  6 
other  unions. 

One  Chinese  labor  group,  the  Miscel- 
laneous Employees  Union  No.  110,  was 
among  the  unions  represented,  while 
seven  Chinese  fraternal  organizations 
also  sent  delegates.  These  included  the 
Cathay  Post  of  the  American  Legion, 
Chinese  Aviation  Mechanical  Training 
club,  Federation  of  Chinese  clubs,  Chi- 
nese Mutual  Aid  association,  Chinese 
National  Salvation  association,  Chinese 
Branch,  Internal  Worker's  order,  and 
the  Youth  Knowledge  association. 

Out  of  this  conference  was  organized 
the  United  Committee  for  Boycott 
Against  Japan.  The  Conference  unani- 
mously favored  an  embargo  against  Jap- 
anese goods,  and  called  on  all  Maritime 
workers  for  cooperation  to  effect  such  a 
program  by  refusing  to  load  or  unload 
goods  to  and  from  Japan.  Plans  were 
discussed  to  call  on  the  general  public 
not  to  buy  Japanese  goods,  especially 
toys  and  novelties  during  the  Christmas 
season,  and  to  persuade  merchants  not 
to  handle  any. 

A  permanent  boycott  committee  was 
chosen,  consisting  of  one  delegate  from 
each  union,  one  delegate  from  the  Amer- 
ican League  Against  War  and  Fascism 
(to  represent  all  fraternal  organizations) , 
one  delegate  from  the  Women's  Auxil- 
iaries, and  one  delegate  to  represent  Chi- 
nese organizations.  For  the  latter,  choice 
fell  on  Benjamin  Fee,  member  of  the 
Chinese  National  Salvation  association. 

The  boycott  committee  is  now  actively 
engaged  in  distributing  placards  calling 
for  support  of  their  program,  and  send- 
ing speakers  to  explain  its  aims  to  various 
labor  and  fraternal  groups  throughout 
the  city.  E.  Clark,  International  Long- 
shoremen's and  Warehousemen's  Union 
1-10,  is  president  of  the  United  Commit- 
tee for  Boycott  Against  Japan. 
o 

"The  Chinatownia  Roams  Around" 
gives  you  short,  swift  and  sprightly  pic- 
tures as  to  how  our  younger  generation 
Chinese  work  and  play. 


ACTOR  SHOT  IN  MYSTERY 

San  Francisco — One  evening  weeks  ago 
Ma  Kim  Nung,  29,  a  leading  player  in 
the  Mandarin  theater  Cantonese  group, 
walked  out  of  Trenton  place,  where  he 
resided,  down  Jackson,  presumably  go- 
ing to  the  theater  for  the  evening's  per- 
formance to  come  in  an  hour. 

As  he  neared  narrow  James  alley  sud- 
denly a  gun  barked,  spitting  flame.  Ma 
Kim  Nung  stopped  in  his  tracks,  spun, 
and  fell  to  the  sidewalk,  a  bullet  in  his 
back.  The  mysterious  assailant  threw 
his  gun  in  the  alley  and  vanished  into 
the  night. 

When  the  Chinatown  squad  arrived 
the  wounded  actor  was  quickly  carried 
to  the  Harbor  Emergency  Hospital.  A 
.32  caliber  revolver,  the  same  with  which 
the  actor  was  shot,  was  found  in  the 
alley,  one  chamber  empty.  Several  by- 
standers witnessed  the  shooting  but  none 
could  identify  the  assailant. 

At  the  hospital  two  actresses  from 
his  troupe  visited  Ma  as  soon  as  they 
heard  he  had  been  shot.  Neither  of  them, 
Wong  San  Suet  Mui  and  Fong  Shuet 
Har,  could  shed  any  light  on  the  myster- 
ious shooting.  And  the  wounded  actor, 
questioned  by  authorities  regarding  pos- 
sible enemies,  said  he  had  none.  "I  can- 
not conscientiously  say  who  shot  me  at 
this  time,"  was  all  he  would  vouchsafe. 

Ma  Kim  Nung  came  to  the  Mandarin 
theater  less  than  a  year  ago  from  China, 
and  has  been  playing  regularly  here  ever 
since. 


SILK  STOCKINGS 

New  York — Many  girls  in  China- 
town here  are  wearing  cotton  instead  of 
silk  stockings,  and  also  rayon  and  lisle 
products.  It's  all  a  part  of  the  "Boycott 
Japanese  Goods"  movement  which  is  go- 
ing so  strong  that  the  boys  have  re- 
solved not  to  speak  to  girls  who  continue 
to  wear  silk  products. — S.  C. 


SEASON'S 


GREETINGS 


To   my  many  good  friends 

of  the  Chinese  Community 

ANGELO  J.  ROSSI 

Mayor  of  San  Francisco 


HAWAIIAN  CHINESE  START 
ENGLISH  WEEKLY 

Honolulu,  T.H. — The  Hawaiian  Chi- 
nese Journal,  a  weekly  newspaper  in  Eng- 
lish but  edited  and  managed  by  Ha- 
waiian born  Chinese,  made  its  initial  ap- 
pearance here  November  12,  coincident 
with  the  seventy-first  birthday  of  Dr.  Sun 
Yat-Sen,  founder  of  the  Chinese  Re- 
public and  himself  a  resident  of  Hono- 
lulu for  many  years  when  he  was  a  boy. 
It  is  believed  to  be  the  first  newspaper 
of  its  kind  among  the  Chinese  here. 

The  first  issue  of  the  journal  contained 
12  pages.  The  layout  is  that  of  a  regu- 
lar daily  newspaper,  but  without  head- 
lines. Each  page  carries  5  columns  and 
the  size  of  the  page  is  approximately 
W/i  by  16  inches.  The  editor  is  William 
Lee,  and  Chock  Lun  is  manager.  The 
latter  is  publisher  of  the  bilingual  Ha- 
waiian Chinese  Annual  of  the  Overseas 
Penman  club  of  Honolulu. 

On  the  masthead  of  the  Hawaiian 
Chinese  Journal  appears  this  subtitle: 
"The  Voice  of  27,000  Chinese."  In  its 
introductory  editorial  it  declared  its  gen- 
eral purpose.  Excerpts:  "The  Chinese 
community,  27,000  strong,  needs  a  voice, 
a  paper  that  will  speak  for  us.  We  need 
a  paper  that  will  present  our  beliefs  and 
wishes  before  the  larger  Hawaiian  com- 
munity. 

"The  Chinese  community  also  needs  a 
paper  that  will  stand  for  the  best  ideals 
of  the  group.  One  that  will  boost  worthy 
community  projects  and  will  sound  a 
warning  against  forces  that  work  against 
the  best  interests  of  the  group. 

"This  community  voice  must  be  Eng- 
lish. Out  of  the  27,657  Chinese  in  Ha- 
waii, only  4,411  are  aliens.  All  the  others, 
23,246,  were  born  in  Hawaii  and  read 
English  more  naturally  and  more  fluent- 
ly. The  voice  of  the  Chinese  in  Hawaii 
must  be   English." 

The  first  number  of  the  Hawaiian  Chi- 
nese Journal  carried  five  editorials.  36 
Hawaiian  Chinese  news  items,  a  short  bi- 
ographical sketch  of  Dr.  Sun  Yat-Sen. 
one  Sino-Japanese  war  item,  and  two 
columns  called  "Wee  Lee  See,"  and  "Seen 
in  Chinatown." 


CHINESE 
UNEMPLOYED 

San  Francisco — It  has  been  estimated 
that  about  700  Chinese  in  this  city  handed 
in  their  names  to  the  National  UnempIo\  - 
ment  census  conducted  Nov.  15  to  20. 


December,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   17 


CHINATOWNIA 


HEALTH  DEPT.  TAKES  ACTION 
TO  VACATE  CONDEMNED 
CHINATOWN  BUILDING 

San  Francisco — Last  month  scores  of 
Chinatown  families  living  at  730  Jack- 
son street,  in  the  midst  of  the  Chinese 
community,  scurried  to  find  new  homes 
to  move  to.  Reason  was:  on  July  6,  after 
many  previous  postponements,  a  con- 
demnation hearing  on  this  particular 
tenement  building  was  held  before  Dr. 
J.  C.  Geiger,  city  public  health  director. 
At  that  time  it  was  decided  that  the 
owner  of  this  building  was  to  be  given  90 
days  in  which  to  make  necessary  improve- 
ments so  that  the  place  might  meet  the 
minimum  requirements  of  the  housing 
laws.  (See  Chinese  Digest,  August,  1937, 
p.  3.) 

The  ninety-day  period  was  up  in  Oc- 
tober, but  no  action  was  taken  to  improve 
the  building.  Thereupon,  last  month  the 
Department  of  Public  Health  waited 
no  longer,  took  action,  and  ordered  that 
all  tenants  at  730  Jackson  must  vacate  by 
December  6. 

The  condemnation  of  this  building  is 
the  health  department's  first  move  to 
effect  better  housing  in  Chinatown  by 
forcing  the  tenants  to  vacate  unless  its 
owner  makes  the  needed  improvements 


to  comply  with  health  and  housing  laws. 
At  least  four  other  tenement  buildings 
in  the  Chinese  community  have  also  been 
condemned,  but  whether  the  tenants  in 
those  places  will  be  ordered  to  vacate  or 
not  is  not  known.  Housing  congestion 
in  Chinatown  and  reluctance  of  building 
operators  outside  of  the  community  to 
rent  their  places  to  Chinese  have  created 
a  complicated  housing  problem.  Social 
and  welfare  workers  in  the  community 
are  watching  the  health  department's  fu- 
ture course  of  action  in  regard  to  the 
problem  with  great  interest. 

Meantime  the  city  is  agitating  for  a 
share  of  the  Federal  housing  authority 
funds  with  which  to  start  low-cost  hous- 
ing projects  here  for  low  income  fami- 
lies. It  was  thought  that  the  correction  of 
poor  housing  in  San  Francisco  cannot  be 
accomplished  without  federal  govern- 
ment aid. 

According  to  Homer  P.  Thyle,  the 
health  department's  chief  housing  in- 
spector, low-cost  housing  would  solve 
many  health  and  sanitary  problems  as 
well  as  over-crowding  in  Chinatown  and 
also  remove  the  community's  desire  to 
shift  quarters  to  other  areas  in  the  city. 

"Low-cost  housing  in  Chinatown," 
said  Mr.  Thyle,  "would  not  only  mean 
clearance  of  one  of  the  areas  nearest  ap- 


proaching a  San  Francisco  'slum,'  .  .  . 
it  would  remove  the  necessity  for  en- 
largement of  the  Chinese  quarter. 

"Overcrowding,  and  the  filth  resulting, 
is  forcing  the  Chinese  to  move,  to  expand 
their  limited  area.  Low-cost  housing,  fol- 
lowing clearance  of  the  present  structures, 
would  end  overcrowding,  remove  the  filth 
and  with  it  the  impulse  to  shift  quarters." 

In  Mr.  Thyle 's  opinion,  low-cost  hous- 
ing is  inevitable  in  Chinatown.  How  it 
will  come  about,  however,  is  still  a 
question. 


24-YEAR-OLD  CHINESE 
ADMITTED  TO  BAR 

San  Francisco — With  the  sponsorship 
of  John  L.  McNab,  local  attorney  and 
Republican  leader,  William  J.  Gintjee, 
24,  of  Alameda,  was  admitted  to  the 
Federal  bar  recently,  thus  adding  to  the 
rank  of  a  growing  list  of  practicing  Chi- 
nese lawyers  in  the  country.  The  youth 
was  sworn  in  before  Federal  Judge  Roche. 
He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Oakland  law 
college. 

Upon  admittance  to  the  bar,  Gintjee 
joined  McNab's  staff.  The  latter  is  well 
known  to  the  Chinese  community  because 
he  is  official  legal  adviser  to  the  Chinese 
Consolidated  Benevolent  Association  (Six 
Companies)  here. 


QUALlWILLALWAYS 


FIND  A  MARKET    .     .     .     . 


THAT  IS  WHY  NINE-TENTHS  OF 

CHINATOWN'S 
RESTAURANTS 

SERVE 


Caswell  s 

NATIONAL  CREST 


d&w&Q 


National  Ctf5T 


Colt 


*/ 


Page   18 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


December,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


N.  Y.  ART  CLUB  STARTS 
PAINTING  CLASS 

New  York  City — The  Chinese  Art 
club,  175  Canal  street,  which  has  spon- 
sored many  cultural  and  art  activities 
among  the  Chinese  here,  has  recently  em- 
barked on  another  activity  which  prom- 
ises to  bring  out  art  talent  and  apprecia- 
tion of  Chinese  art  among  Chinese  and 
Americans  alike. 

This  new  activity  is  the  engagement 
of  Miss  Yee  Ching-chih,  professor  of 
Chinese  painting  at  the  Shanghai  Art 
college.  As  instructor  of  Chinese  art, 
Miss  Yee  has  started  a  class  in  Chinese 
painting  at  the  art  club's  studios.  Classes 
are  being  held  three  times  a  week,  and 
a  limited  number  of  American  students 
may  be  enrolled. 

The  Chinese  Art  club,  in  announcing 
this  class,  said,  "This  is  the  first  time 
that  such  an  opportunity  to  study  Chinese 
art  under  an  experienced  native  teacher 
.  .  .  has  ever  been  made  possible  in  New 
York." 

This  organization  is  now  in  its  third 
year  of  existence  and  is  about  the  most 
active  one  of  its  kind  in  the  country. 
Last  June  it  sponsored  the  first  Chinese 
children's  art  exhibition  in  America  which 
attracted  wide  attention  among  Ameri- 
can educators  and  art  critics  (Chinese 
Digest  for  July,  1937,  p.  13).  The  club 
has  an  annual  membership  exhibition, 
sponsors  native  plays,  and  opens  its  stu- 
dios for  cultural  gatherings  of  all  kinds. 
Its  present  president  is  Moowee  Tiam. 
o 

If  one  strive  to  treat  others  as  he  would 
be  treated  by  them,  he  shall  not  fail  to 
come  near  the  perfect  life. — Mencius. 

A  real  man  is  one  whose  goodness  is  a 
part  of  himself.  His  words  are  plain  and 
simple,  yet  of  widest  bearing.  His  aim 
is  self  culture,  yet  it  gives  peace  to  all 
men. — Mencius. 


For  Excellent  Food 
At  Moderate  Cost 

Come  to  ...  . 
FAR  EAST  CAFE 

Spacious  Accommodations 
631  Grant  Ave.  CHina  1085 


NEWS  FROM  ELECTRIC 
SHADOW  LAND 

By  Frank  Tang 
Hollywood  Correspondent 
After  finishing  "Daughter  of  Shang- 
hai," Anna  May  Wong's  next  starring 
vehicle  will  probably  be  a  story  tenta- 
tively entitled  "Dangerous  to  Handle," 
which  is  taken  from  the  stage  play  "On 
the  Spot."  The  versatile  Akim  Tamiroff 
will  support  Miss  Wong. 


In  "Daughter  of  Shanghai"  Miss 
Wong  had  as  supporting  players  Philip 
Ahn  (remember  for  a  dandy  piece  of 
action  in  Shirley  Temple's  "Stowaway"? 
and  Chingwah  Lee  (Good  Earth) . 

Incidentally,  publicity  releases  from 
Hollywood  always  mis-labels  Philip  Ahn 
as  a  Chinese.  He  is  a  Korean  and  his 
father  is  an  active  political  agitator 
working  for  the  freedom  of  Korea.  Un- 
fortunately he  was  caught  by  the  Jap- 
anese some  time  ago  and  is  now  in  prison. 


"Shanghai  Deadline,"  a  first  novel  by 
LaSalle  Gilman,  an  active  American 
newspaperman  in  China,  is  being  pre- 
pared for  Hollywood  production.  The 
story   is   cast   against   a   background   of 


NURSERY  CHILDREN 
GET  TURKEY 

In  the  last  issue  of  the  Chinese 
Digest  an  SOS  was  sent  out  in  be- 
half of  the  Chinese  Nursery  school 
for  a  nice,  fat  turkey  so  that  the 
nursery  youngsters  might  celebrate 
Thanksgiving  as  everybody  else 
would  be  doing  on  that  day. 

The  nursery  did  not  have  to  wait 
long  for  a  Good  Samaritan  to  an- 
swer their  call.  In  fact,  two  Sa- 
maritans responded.  Mr.  David 
Chung  of  Watsonville,  who  had  do- 
nated a  trukey  to  the  nursery  the 
year  before,  came  to  the  rescue 
again.  Another  donor  from  Men- 
lo  park,  who  prefers  to  remain 
anonymous,  likewise  answered  the 
turkey  call.  For  good  measure  he 
also  donated  some  walnuts. 

To  these  two  donors,  who  helped 
to  make  the  nursery  school  young- 
sters' Thanksgiving  a  real  cause  for 
heartfelt  thankfulness,  all  appre- 
ciation from  the  Chinese  Digest  and 
gratitude  from  the  Chinese  Nurs- 
ery for  two  good  deeds  of  the  year. 


CHINESE  PLAY 
COMING  TO  S.  F. 

San  Francisco — Chinese  dramatist  S.  I. 
Hsiung's  English  adaptation  of  "Lady 
Precious  Stream,"  the  famous  play  of 
China  which  has  had  extended  runs  in 
London  and  New  York,  will  be  the  first 
play  of  the  New  Year  to  open  at  the  Cur- 
ran  theater.  The  date  is  set  for  January 
3.  The  costumes  for  this  play  were  de- 
signed by  Mei  Lan-Fang,  China's  great- 
est actor,  and  are  valued  at  #25,000. 

Shanghai  newspaperman  life,  with  a 
phlegmatic  Chinese  news  reporter  thrown 
in  for  good  measure.  This  part  may  be 
played  by  Keye  Luke.  If  so,  he  ought 
to  make  a  hit  or  something  out  of  it. 


Speaking  of  Keye  Luke,  here's  some- 
thing Hollywood  reporter  Paul  Harri- 
son recently  told  about  him:  Keye  us- 
ually has  his  lunches  at  the  press  table  of 
his  studio  restaurant.  One  day  he  came 
in  after  a  week's  absence  from  the  studio 
and  someone  asked  where  he  had  been. 

Keye  glanced  furtively  around  him  and 
then  whispered:  "I'm  a  fugitive  from  a 
Chan  gang!" 


"The  Adventures  of  Marco  Polo," 
starring  Gary  Cooper,  was  unsatisfactory 
to  Samuel  Goldwyn  after  he  had  pre- 
viewed it.  And  now  there  are  talks  of 
doing  retakes. 


It  is  being  rumored  that  M.G.M.  may 
do  a  sequel  of  the  "Good  Earth." 


Anna  May  Wong's  sister,  Liu  Heung 
(Fragrant  Willow)  had  a  nice  job  in 
Shanghai  when  the  present  Sino-Jap- 
anese  tussle  broke  all  over  the  place. 
Now  she's  back  and  living  with  Anna 
May  for  the  time  being. 


OFFICES  FOR  RENT 

For  the  most  modem  and  most  beau- 
tiful headquarters  in  the  central  part 
of  Chinatown 

inquire   at 

TheSUPERIORMINE.Inc. 

717  Sacramento  St.  San  Francisco 

Phone  SUtter  7455 


S 


December,   1937 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  1$ 


CHINATOWNIA 


AH  POK,  HERMIT 
OF  THE  HILLS 

Marysville,  Calif. — One  day  last  month 
Ah  Pok — nobody  seemed  to  know  his 
honorable  clan  name,  an  aged  celestial 
who  has  seen  some  85  summers,  came 
down  to  Marysville  from  his  hills  in  the 
La  Porte  country  to  attend  to  a  very  per- 
sonal  matter.  It  was  said  that  this  was 
Ah  Pok's  first  journey  out  of  the  moun- 
tains in  twenty-one  years,  and  even  then 
he  would  not  have  left  his  home  if  he 
did  not  have  a  bad  carbuncle  and  needed 
treatment.  So  he  came  down  to  Marys- 
ville, this  old  Chinese  miner,  with  his 
hat  worn  at  the  wrong  angle,  his  antique 
pipe,  and  a  child's  smile  on  his  wrinkled, 
weather-beaten  face. 

Ah  Pok  the  miner  came  to  town  with 
the  local  mail  contractor.  When  he  saw 
a  locomotive  at  Honcut  he  gaped  at  it  as 
though  he  had  never  seen  such  an  iron 
snorting  monster  in  his  life.  Perhaps  he 
hadn't,  though  this  was  not  quite  prob- 
able. 

Anyway,  of  certainty  he  never  saw  a 
motion  picture.  So  an  old  friend  named 
Lee  Sing  took  him  to  his  first  picture 
show,  though  both  of  them  together  did 
not  know  enough  English  to  follow  the 
dialogue. 

But  when  newsreels  of  the  Sino-Jap- 
anese  war  in  Shanghai  were  shown,  Ah 
Pok  didn't  need  any  knowledge  of  Eng- 
lish to  tell  him  what  that  was  all  about. 
Ah  Pok  at  his  age  was  the  mildest  of 
men,  but  when  he  saw  what  the  Japanese 
were  doing  to  his  countrymen,  when  he 
saw  the  bodies  of  Chinese  men  and 
women  bombed  and  mangled  and  torn  to 
so  many  pieces,  they  almost  had  to  tie 


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MARKET  AT  STOCKTON 


him.  He  not  only  got  violent  but  also 
verbally  vituperative. 

"To  hell  with  Japs,"  Ah  Pok  told  his 
mail  contractor  friend  the  next  day. 

When  Ah  Pok  came  to  California  no 
one  knows.  If  you  ask  him  or  any  old 
Chinese  who  knows  him  all  the  answer 
you  get  is,  "Oh,  many,  many  decades." 
Possibly  he  may  have  come  here  in  the 
early  sixties,  or  even  the  fifties. 

This  celestial  of  La  Porte  hasn't  much 
of  a  memory  now.  He  has  almost  forgot- 
ten his  native  tongue  since  he  has  no 
countrymen  living  near  him  in  the  hills. 
His  English  is  poor,  but  like  a  Canton- 
ese in  any  part  of  the  world,  Ah  Pok  just 
knows  enough  of  this  alien  language  to 
comprehend  others  and  to  make  himself 
understood.  His  use  of  English  gram- 
mar is  absolutely  unessential. 

Ah  Pok  used  to  have  a  partner  but 
he  died  years  ago.  At  that  time  Bill 
Pike,  Terry  Riley,  and  other  friends  of 
the  two  miners  gave  Ah  Pok's  partner 
a  big  funeral.  Ah  Pok  was  so  pleased 
with  it  that  he  delegated  Pike  to  do  the 
same  honors  for  him  when  his  appointed 
time  comes. 

But  so  far  Ah  Pok's  spirit  shows  no 
sign  of  being  the  least  weary  of  the  world, 
After  three  days  at  Marysville  he  went 
back  to  his  hills,  where  everything  is 
more  peaceful.  He  is  a  community 
charge  at  La  Porte.  He  has  everything 
he  wants,  which  is  very  little.  He  is  there- 
fore perfectly  satisfied  and  happy.  .  .  . 
W.H. 


HAWAIIAN  CHINESE 
CONTRIBUTES  TO  BOOK 

Honolulu,  T.  H. — Kum  Pui  Lai,  a  so- 
cial worker  in  the  territorial  board  of  pub- 
lic welfare,  and  English  editor  of  the 
"Chinese  in  Hawaii"  and  the  Hawaiian 
Chinese  Annual,  is  the  author  of  a  chap- 
ter on  Hawaiian  Minority  Groups  in  a 
recently  published  book  entitled  "Our 
Racial  and  National  Minorities."  This 
volume  of  877  pages  is  edited  by  Dr. 
Francis  J.  Brown  and  Joseph  A.  Roucek 
and  is  published  by  Prentiss-Hall,  Inc., 
New  York. 

In  his  chapter  Mr.  Lai  first  gives  a 
short  summary  of  the  history  of  the  Ha- 
waiian islands.  Then  he  points  out  that 
the  minority  groups  here  include  Hawai- 
ians,  part  Hawaiians,  Chinese,  Portu- 
guese, Koreans,  and  Puerto  Ricans.  The 
social,  educational,  and  political  problems 


of  these  six  groups  are  similar  in  many 
respects  because  they  have  been  molded 
from  a  uniform  educational  pattern,  ac- 
cording to  the  author. 

Mr.  Lai  concludes  his  contribution  with 
an  analysis  of  the  various  problems  that 
face  Hawaii  due  to  the  synthesis  of  a 
neo-Hawaiian  culture  and  the  amalgama- 
tion of  many  races  resulting  from  inter- 
racial marriages. 

An  expert  in  the  sociological  problems 
and  changes  in  Hawaii,  Kum  Pui  Lai  is  a 
graduate  of  the  University  of  Hawaii 
and  served  as  a  fellow  in  the  department 
of  sociology  there  for  some  time.  He 
edited  the  first  two  volumes  of  Social 
Process  in  Hawaii. 

Another  chapter  in  the  book  that  is  of 
interest  to  Chinese  is  a  study  on  the  Chi- 
nese American  by  Dr.  Albert  W.  Pal- 
mer, president  of  the  Chicago  Theologi- 
cal seminary.  Dealing  with  familiar  ma- 
terial he  said  that  the  second  and  third 
generation  Chinese  are  far  more  Ameri- 
can than  they  themselves  ever  realized. 
In  Hawaii  this  Americanization  has  been 
practically  completed. 


S.  F.  CHINESE  REPRESENTED 
IN  PEACE  CONGRESS 

San  Francisco — Benjamin  Fee,  mem- 
ber of  the  National  Salvation  association, 
represented  the  local  Chinese  at  the  Peo- 
ple's Congress  for  Democracy  and  Peace, 
sponsored  by  the  American  League 
Against  War  and  Fascism  recently  held 
at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  from  Nov.  26  to  28. 


GIVE  SOMETHING 
THIS  YEAR! 

Dainty  Crisp  Butter  Cookies,  Fresh 
From  Our  Ovens,  Packed  Specially  in 
a  Beautiful  Christmas  Box.  So  Good 
You'll  Want  to  Eat  Them  Yourself. 

From  50  Cents 


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r*4    '  ,_ - 


Poge  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


December,   1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 

By  H.  K.  Wong 

Thanksgiving  has  come  and  gone,  and 
now  Christmas  is  just  around  the  corner 
...  so  this  column  sends  you  its  early 
season's  good  wishes.  .  .  . 

A  war  relief  benefit  Rice  Bowl  foot- 
ball game  has  been  arranged  between 
the  L.  A.  and  the  S.  F.  Chinese  ...  the 
first  game  will  be  played  down  south  this 
month  and  the  second  next  month  in 
S.  F.  .  .  .  The  L.  A.  team,  which  has 
been  playing  together  for  the  past  two 
years  and  has  been  winning  all  its  tilts 
this  season,  is  a  heavy  favorite  to  win. 
Its  strong  line  and  fleet  backs  will  be 
hard  for  the  S.  F.  boys  to  handle.  How- 
ever, the  latter  are  being  coached  by 
Bill  Fisher,  St.  Mary's  All  -  American 
guard,  and  so  their  hopes  are  high.  .  .  . 

Cal  won  the  Big  Game  against  Stan- 
ford this  year  and  the  Chinese  students 
of  both  universities  had  their  Big  Game 
dance  after  the  event.  .  .  .  The  affair 
was  tip-top  in  fine  music  and  good  fun 
.  .  .  but  one  sad  thing  occurred:  Mable 
Lee  reported  the  loss  of  her  fur  piece. 
...  It  has  not  been  located  yet  and  we 
are  asked  to  broadcast  this  fact.  If  any- 
one finds  it  or  has  any  idea  where  it  may 
be,  kindly  communicate  with  the  Digest. 

As  a  result  of  losing  a  Big  Game  bet 
Ed  Mar  had  to  treat  Hing  Lee  to  all 
he  could  eat  at  a  sitting.  Ed  found 
himself  broke  after  the  pay-off  and  Hing 
four  and  one  half  pounds  heavier! 

The  L.  A.  Polytechnic  Chinese  Alumni 
association  held  its  third  anniversary 
party  and  installation  Nov.  5.  The  new 
prexy  is  Billy  Lew,  with  Lillian  Woo 
as  secretary  and  Mary  Tom,  treasurer. 

Edward  "Colday"  Leong  and  Marjorie 
Koe  picked  on  a  sunny  Saturday  after- 
noon (at  3  to  be  exact)  to  get  married 
at  Vancouver.  George  Koe  was  best 
man  and  Mrs.  James  Wong  matron  of 
honor.     Congrats  to  you  two!  ! 

With  members  from  30  organizations 
of  young  people  working  hard  to  put  it 
over,  the  Federation  of  Chinese  Clubs' 
Mammoth  Dragon  dance  was  a  grand 
success.  The  huge  crowd  overflowed  the 
ballroom,  jammed  the  basement,  and 
packed  the  balcony  . . .  but  they  had 
fun  and  entertainment  a-plenty.  The 
FCOs  baseball  benefit  turned  out  quite 
well,   too.     The   games   lasted   till   way 


past  midnite  and  wound  up  with  the  fog 
rolling  over  the  stadium  thick  and  fast. 
Wa  Sung  downed  the  Seals  AA,  the 
Dragonettes  chased  out  the  S.  F.  All 
Stars,  and  the  Oakland  Chinese  Center 
took  an  easy  game  from  the  S.  F.  Chi- 
nese Merchants.  Al  Bowen,  tall  hand- 
some pitcher  of  the  winning  Wa  Sung 
team  is  the  only  Chinese  in  the  Pacific 
Coast  Baseball  League  ....  He  also 
coaches  young  Alfred  Wong,  who 
starred  at  bat  and  in  the  field  with 
breath-taking  catches.  Wong  played  with 
the  Oakland  American  Legion  baseball 
team  which  toured  the  country  .  .  .  and 
also  made  the  Oakland  All  Star  team. . .  . 
Another  classy  player  is  Key  Chinn, 
second  sacker  of  the  Wa  Sung  boys,  and 
also  an  All  Star  man  ....  The  most  ar- 
dent rooter  in  the  whole  grandstand 
was  Edna  Hing,  ably  supported  by  Ro- 
sie  and  Emily  Hing.  It  happened  that 
she's  Mrs.  Al  Bowen!  She  sighed  and 
yelled  and  whooped.  And  did  you  hear 
her  when  the  game  was  3  and  2  on  a 
dangerous  hitter?  She  begged  her  hubby 
to  "give  him  that  funny  one."  He  did — 
and  fanned  the  poor  fella  out!  ! 

Modesto's  smartest  Chinese  cafe,  The 
China  Clipper,  opened  the  other  night, 
with  Wyman  Wong  as  manager.  Ru- 
bye  Too  was  the  featured  vocal  artist, 
accompanied  at  the  Steinway  by  nimble- 
fingered  Ray  Chang. 

People  here  and  there:  Margaret  Choy 
of  Crockett  is  attending  Armstrong  col- 
lege in  Berkeley  and  is  the  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  Chinese  student  club. . . . 
Bernice  Lam  and  Frank  Sam,  U.  of 
Nevada  grads,  were  recently  married — 
at  St.  Paul's  church  in  Hongkong  .... 
These  two  were  former  "greats"  in  local 
tennis  circles. . .  .  John  Tseng,  the  roly- 
poly  rambler  of  tennisdom  here  in  S.  F. 
not  long  ago,  now  swings  his  racket  in 
Kowloon,  Hongkong,  China  ...  in  shorts 
too!  . . .  The  war  stopped  his  intended 
tour  of  the  motherland  ....  Arthur 
Lum  is  back  with  us  after  attending 
Yenching  university  in  Peiping.  Thus 
we  regain  one  of  our  former  high  ranking 
tennis  stars.  Art  was  men's  singles  champ 
in  1932  ....  Back  here  from  China, 
where  he  studied  at  Lingnan,  is  Frank 
Eng.  He  will  be  heading  for  Watson- 
ville. 

Rosemary  Lam,  Cal  Aggie  grad,  is 
doing  research  work  for  the  govern- 
ment in  Kiangsi  ....  Norman  Koe  re- 
turned recently  to  the  West  Coast  after 


a  year  in  N.  Y. . . .  He  passed  thru 
New  Orleans  and  thinks  it's  a  "hot 
spot."  . . . 

Oakland's  newest  girls'  club  is  the 
Young  Chinese  Auxiliary  affiliated  with 
the  Young  Chinese  A.  A.  The  boys 
gave  a  dinner  for  the  girls  as  formal  ac- 
ceptance of  the  club.  Prexy  of  the  Aux- 
iliary is  Jane  Lowe,  with  Phyllis  Soo  Hoo 
as  secretary  and  Ida  Lowe,  treas- 
urer .... 

Marjorie  Lew  Kay,  and  Tom  and 
Nellie  Tang  are  among  many  Seattle 
Chinese  who  recently  returned  from 
China  because  of  the  war  .... 

The  top  team  of  the  U.  of  Washing- 
ton intramurals  is  none  other  than  the 
Chinese  students  basketball  team  .... 
How  are  you  all  doing,  Deadeyes?  . . . 
Seattle's  Cathay,  Art,  Pagoda,  and  Girls 
athletic  clubs  joined  hands  to  sponsor  a 
benefit  skating  party  ....  May  Sing. 
U.  of  Washington  journalism  student 
and  CD  newsgetter,  was  a  winner  in  an 
essay  contest  on  the  Sino- Japanese  situ- 
ation recently  .... 

CD  correspondent  Sophia  Chu  in  N. 
Y.  said  the  Ging  Hawk  club  there  held 
a  tea  benefit  and  Thanksgiving  dance 
recently.  At  the  latter  affair  many  hand- 
holding  couples  were  spotted  ....  The 
Jeune  Doc  girls  are  working  up  a  bazaar 
for  more  war  relief  funds,  while  the  local 
Kuomintang  and  the  Quon  Oy  club 
have  scheduled  two  benefit  Chinese  op- 
eras .... 
(See  CHINATOWNIAN,  p.  22,  col.  1) 

o 

CHINESE  GIRLS  STUDY 
BEAUTY  CULTURE 

The  California  School  of  Beauty  Cul- 
ture, 908  Market  street,  has  opened  a 
new  field  of  profession  for  our  girls. 
Throughout  the  country  hundreds  of 
graduates  of  this  school  are  either  open- 
ing up  business  for  themselves  or  ac- 
cepting positions  in  the  field  of  Beauty 
Culture,  a  profession  growing  more  re- 
munerative each  year. 

Progressive  and  ambitious  American 
born  Chinese  girls  are  turning  to  this 
profession  as  a  means  of  a  secure  future. 
At  present  attending  the  school  are  the 
Misses  Edith  Ching,  Laura  Chang,  and 
Lillian  Liu. 

They  hail  from  Honolulu.  Two  other 
Chinese  students,  Helen  Wong  and 
Frances  Shinn,  are  San  Franciscans. 

These  girls  are  showing  wisdom  and 
foresight  in  preparing  for  a  future  in 
this  growing  profession. — Advt. 


~<3m*BVK5&"mv' 


December,   1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  21 


SPORTS 


SPORTS  GLIMPSES 

By  Davisson  Lee 

UNDEFEATED  SO  FAR 

Chinatown  should  be  proud  to  know 
that  it  has  a  football  team  whose  record 
is  unmarred  so  far  this  season.  It  is  a 
lightweight  team  which  averages  112 
and  is  coached  by  Edwin  "Bing"  Dong. 

Bing  is  a  former  star  halfback  at  Lick 
and  knows  his  football.  He  has  taught 
his  team  every  fundamental,  even  to 
a  razzle  dazzle  shift. 

The  team  is  called  the  Unknown 
Packers  and  plays  wearing  masks.  Their 
hardest  game  thus  far  was  with  Oakland, 
where  they  had  to  come  from  behind 
and  scored  two  touchdowns  to  win.  Now 
they  are  looking  forward  to  the  prelimi- 
nary of  the  forthcoming  Rice  Bowl.  They 
are  also  working  hard  to  raise  money  for 
uniforms. 

Their  record  to  date: 

Civic   Center   36  to  0 

California   Packers  1  to  0 

Organized   Boys  Club  33  to  0 

Chung  Wah   19  to  7 

Oakland  Chinese 12  to  8 

Games  to  be  played:  Ross  Park,  Hip 
Wo,  and  Chung  Mei  Home. 

BASEBALL 

Oakland   can    rightfully    claim    to   be 
the   home   of  baseball,  at   least   for  the 
Chinese    community.     They    won    three 
out  of  three  games  Nov.   12,  at  Seal's 
stadium,  when  they  played  for  the  bene- 
fit of  war  refugee  relief  under  the  spon- 
sorship   of    the    Federation    of    Chinese 
clubs.    The  final  scores  read: 
Wai  Sung  8,  Seals  A.  A.  7 
Dragonettes  7,  S.  F.  All  Stars  4 
Chinese  Center  9,  Chinese  Merchants  2 
The    Wa   Sung    gathered    their    eight 
runs  in  the  early  innings  and  knocked 
two  pitchers  out  of  the  box.    There  was 
no  relief  needed  for  iron  man  Al  Bowen, 
who  pitched  the  entire  game.    Spectac- 
ular  catches   were   made   by   the   center 
fielder. 

The  Seals  started  a  belated  rally  in 
the  sixth,  falling  short  at  five  runs.  They 
added  a  tally  in  the  eighth  and  ninth 
but  could  not  quite  make  the  grade. 

The  Dragonettes  received  a  gift  of 
four  runs  in  the  second  inning  when  the 
All  Star  pitcher  walked  7  players,  there- 
by forcing  in  the  four  runs. 

Gwenlyn  Wong,  the  Dragonettes' 
pitcher,  is  a  credit  to  any  ball  team.  She 
came    through    in   many    a    tight    pinch 


such  as  fanning  three  straight  batters 
with  the  bases  loaded.  Flo  Ng  did  a 
good  job  at  catching,  handling  the  fast 
ones  with  ease. 

By  playing  heads  up  baseball  and 
cashing  in  on  their  opponents'  many  er- 
rors, the  Chinese  center  in  the  minds 
of  the  spectators  as  to  who  would  emerge 
victorious.  The  Merchants  scored  their 
only  runs  late  in  the  last  inning. 

Credit  must  be  given  hard  working 
Frank  Chan  and  Glenn  Lym,  who  offi- 
cially took  charge. 


BASKETBALL 

The  S.  F.  Wah  Ying  club  will  again 
sponsor  the  local  basketball  league  this 
season  if  there  are  more  than  six  teams 
entered,  it  has  announced.  Interested 
parties  should  get  in  touch  either  with 
Art  Hee  of  the  Way  Ying  club  or  the 
writer,  care  of  the  Chinese  Digest.  This 
is  the  first  call. 


BADMINTON 

The  Chinese  Badminton  club  recently 
played  and  defeated  the  Net  'N  Feather 
club  in  a  close  contest.  The  score  was 
six  matches  to  five. 

A  return  match  was  scheduled  to  be 
played  at  the  Central  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Dec. 
4. 

o 

The  Hip  Wo  school  football  team  de- 
feated the  Chung  Wah  eleven  by  a  score 
of  24  to  0  in  their  annual  contest  played 
at  Marina  field  recently  witnessed  by  over 
five  hundred  students  of  the  two  schools. 
The  victorious  Hip  Wo  squad  is  now 
slated  to  play  the  Sacramento  Chinese 
team  soon. 


A  Handicap  Tennis  Tournament  for 
girls  eighteen  years  of  age  and  under 
will  be  sponsored  by  the  Chinese  play- 
ground during  the  Christmas  vacation 
period.  Trophies  for  the  tournament 
will  be  donated  by  the  Peter  J.  Kalis 
sport  shop. 

o 

The  Girls'  glee  club  of  the  Chinese 
playground  will  participate  in  a  city- 
wide  Christmas  program  to  be  held  at 
the  Memorial  Opera  house  Dec.  23, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Recreational 
commission. 


GIRLS'  BASKETBALL 
TOURNAMENT 

With  eight  teams  comprising  about  80 
girls  entered,  the  first  Annual  Chinese 
Girls'  Basketball  league,  sponsored  by 
the  Chinese  playground,  started  in  full 
swing  Nov.  6.  Games  are  being  played 
every  Saturday  and  the  tournament  will 
conclude  sometime  in  December. 

The  teams  entered  are  from  the  com- 
munity's Chinese  language  school  and 
various  girls'  clubs,  and  are  divided  into 
Group  A  and  B.  In  division  A  the  teams 
are:  Chung  Wah  school,  the  C.  D.  A. 
(Catholic  Daughters  of  America  Chinese 
branch),  and  the  Mei  Wah  Juniors.  In 
division  B  the  teams  are:  Baptist  Chinese 
school,  C.  D.  A.  Juniors,  Epworth 
League,  Hip  Wo  school,  and  St.  Mary's 
8th  grade. 

In  the  games  played  Nov.  6  Chung 
Wah  lost  to  Mei  Wah  Juniors  by  25  to 
8,  and  the  Epworth  League  lost  to  Bap- 
tist school  by  22  to  6;  while  on  Nov.  13 
the  Mei  Wah  Juniors  lost  to  C.  D.  A. 
by  15  to  12,  and  Hip  Wo  lost  to  the  C. 
D.  A.  Juniors  by  18  to  9. 

Awards  to  the  two  winning  teams  will 
be  given  Dec.  27. 


PANCHEN  LAMA  DIES 

London — The  Reuter  (British)  News 
Agency  reported  recently  that  the  Pan- 
chen  Lama,  spiritual  ruler  of  Tibet,  had 
died  in  western  China  at  the  age  of  54, 
after  13  years  of  exile  from  birthplace. 

The  Panchen  Lama  fled  from  Tibet  in 
1924  after  differences  with  his  secular 
superior,  the  Dalai  Lama.  When  the 
latter  died  in  December,  1933,  the  Pan- 
chen Lama  made  preparations  to  return 
to  Tibet.  However,  he  died  before 
reaching  it.  (For  an  account  of  the 
Panchen  Lama's  life  see  Chinese  Digest 
for  Feb.  28,  1936,  p.  11). 


WILL  KING'S 


To  the  good  I  would  be  good;  to  the 
not-good  I  would  also  be  good  in  order 
to  make  them  good. — Lao  Tzu. 


rK0FFEE 
KUP 

i8'-h  Ave,  e  Peary 

WHERE     FQOO 

IS  SO  GOOD  /T 

MAKli  HUliGlK. 

A   PLEASURE! 

Banquets 
BAyview3232 


GRILL 

TAYLOR  STREET 

•MR.  MARKET 

meeting  piacb 

OF  HAPPY 
APPETITES ' 

«•• 

Phxmt. 
PRospect  6982 


Open  24  hours  a  day/ 


V 


Page  22 


CH INESE     DIGEST 


December,  1937 


CHINATOWNIA 


SUN  YAT- 
SEN  STATUE 

(Continued  from  p.  5) 
release  was  effected  after  12  days.  He 
then  toured  Europe,  studying  the  politi- 
cal and  social  institutions  everywhere  he 
went.  It  was  during  this  period  that  he 
formulated  his  "Three  Principles  of  the 
People"  which  was  later  to  be  the  gospel 
of  the  Chinese  revolution. 

In  1899  Dr.  Sun  returned  to  Japan, 
where  he  had  been  once  before  in  1895, 
and  set  up  headquarters  in  Tokyo  to  pre- 
pare for  the  second  revolution  and  recruit 
adherents  to  his  cause.  Shortly  after  the 
Boxer  rebellion  in  1900  he  went  back  to 
China  in  disguise  to  effect  another  revo- 
lutionary coup.  Again  he  was  checked. 
Between  then  and  1905  he  made  numer- 
ous attempts  to  gain  a  military  foothold 
in  South  China,  but  failed.  In  1905  he 
made  another  trip  around  the  world  to  re- 
cruit supporters  and  obtain  money.  The 
Hing  Chung  Hui  was  replaced  by  the 
Tung  Meng  Hui. 

In  1907  Dr.  Sun  made  a  seventh  at- 
tempt at  revolt,  but  again  it  did  not  suc- 
ceed. An  eighth  one  under  General  Ming- 
tang,  one  of  his  military  aids,  likewise 
failed. 

In  1909  Dr.  Sun  made  his  second  trip 
to  America.  While  in  San  Francisco  he 
received  news  that  his  comrades  were  at- 
tempting to  storm  Canton.  He  returned 
to  China  immediately  and  found  that  his 
followers  had  failed  in  their  coup  and 
were  discouraged.  After  some  reorganiza- 
tion he  returned  again  to  America,  his 
third  and  last  trip  here.  He  was  in  Den- 
ver when  the  revolution  finally  succeeded 
on  October  10,  1911. 

Dr.  Sun  hurried  back  to  China  by  way 
of  England  and  arrived  in  Shanghai  Dec. 
27,  1911.  On  Jan.  1,  1912,  he  was  made 
First  President  of  the  new  Chinese  Re- 
public. This  office  he  held  for  only  one 
and  a  half  months,  resigning  in  favor  of 
Yuan  Shih-kai.  He  died  on  March  12, 
1925,  in  Peking.  His  writings  include  the 
famous  "San  Min  Chu  I"  (Three  Prin- 
ciples of  the  People) ,  the  "International 
Development  of  China,"  "Plans  for  Na- 
tional Reconstructions,"  and  "Funda- 
mentals of  a  National  Reconstruction." 

o 

CHINATOWN  IAN 

(Continued  from   p.   20) 

Portland's  Wah  Kiang  club  sponsored 

a  Rickshaw  ride  on  Nov.  27  .  .  .  the  hi- 

lite   of   the   affair   was   a   floor   show   in 

which    girls    and    still    more    girls    were 


featured  ....  And  they  tell  me  the 
"rickshaw"  is  even  better  than  the  "Big 
Apple."  Can  you  imagine  that?  Piano 
numbers  by  Jacqueline  Wong  shared  the 
spotlight.  This  young  Miss  has  won 
several  music  contests  in  Oregon  and  is 
considered  one  of  the  most  talented 
piano  students  in  the  state  ....  Seattle's 
girls'  basketball  team  invaded  Portland 
around  Thanksgiving  ....  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Jack  Chew  (Ling  Chan  of  L.  A.) 
are  now  residents  of  Portland.  Chew  is 
new  manager  of  the  $  store  there.  He 
is  a  former  grid  star,  while  the  Missus 
was  on  the  L.  A.  Chinese  tennis  club 
team  .... 

Harding  Wong,  hair  dresser  and  rank- 
ing tennis  star,  travels  50  miles  to  play 
the    game    every    Sunday — from    Long 

Beach  to  L.  A Hamilton   Gee, 

manager  of  the  L.  A.  Chinese  tennis 
club,  resigned  recently  and  Donald  De 
Bock  is  temporarily  in  his  place  .... 
Tony  June,  captain  of  the  L.  A.  C. 
T.  C,  was  a  finalist  in  the  State  Em- 
ployees' tournament  .... 

Marysville's  Chinese  population  is 
right  in  step  with  other  patriotic  Chinese 
communities.  There  isn't  a  single  per- 
son in  the  whole  town  who  hasn't  made 
a  donation  of  some  sort. . . .  Boxes  and 
boxes  of  clothing  have  been  piled  high 
at  the  Chinese  Recreation  hall  .... 
Ong  Tall,  proprietor  of  the  King  inn,  is 
leader  of  the  group  soliciting  relief 
funds. 

The  float  entered  by  the  Chinese  as- 
sociation in  Marysville's  Armistice  Day 
parade  won  a  second  prize.  The  money 
will  go  toward  the  purchase  of  drums 
for  the  community's  newly  organized 
boys'  drum  corps  and  for  decoration  ex- 
penses for  the  benefit  dance  the  Marys- 
ville  folks  are  planning.  Credit  for  the 
float  goes  to  Monroe  and  Woodrow  Jang 
and  Henry  Yee.  Monroe  Jang,  remem- 
bered as  the  winner  of  a  $2000  state- 
wide essay  contest  two  years  ago,  re- 
cently returned  from  China.  While  in 
Shanghai  waiting  for  a  boat  to  take 
him  back  home  he  lived  at  the  "Y"  in 
the  French  Concession  for  three  weeks 
and  saw  the  city  reduced  to  shambles  and 
all  the  horrors  of  war  at  close  range  .... 

Ruby  Fong  of  Sac'to  is  bookkeeping 
at  the  Yuba  grocery  in  Marysville. 
Chinatown  there  boasts  another  cock- 
tail bar.  It's  called  Red's  Place  and 
features  delicious  spare-ribs.  Manager  is 
Henry  "Red"  Leong  .... 

.  .  .  The  local  war  relief  campaigners 


have  thought  up  a  new  scheme  which  will 
bring  material  help  as  well  as  the  season's 
good  cheers  to  the  sick  and  wounded  in 
China.  They  are  going  to  print  Refugee 
Relief  greeting  cards  which  will  be  sold 
at  a  nickel  each.  The  proceeds  as  well  as 
the  good  thought  will  go  straight  to  the 
suffering  refugees.  .  .  .  Isn't  that  a  prac- 
tical and  beautiful  thing  to  do?  .  .  . 

Kenneth  K.  Lee,  scholar  and  musician, 
is  also  good  at  salesmanship,  too.  .  .  . 
He  is  now  salesman  extraordinary,  trouble 
shooter,  and  other  things  at  the  recently 
enlarged  Art  Company  which  now  graces 
Grant  avenue.  Music  hath  charms,  but  a 
good  suit  will  also  work  wonders,  too,  is 
Kenneth's  new  slogan.  .  .  . 

The  Dragonettes  won  the  champion- 
ship of  the  Berkeley  Women's  Softball 
league. . . .  With  speed  ball  artist  Gwen 
Wong  as  pitcher  and  Flo  Eng  to  catch 
her  portside  slants  the  girls  swept 
through  6  strong  teams  to  win  the  title. 
They  shut  out  their  last  opponent  17  to 
0!  Here  are  the  champs:  Phyllis  Soo 
Hoo,  s.s.;  Ida  Lowe,  r.f.;  Jay  Bowen,  s.c; 
Ruth  Chew,  2nd.;  Inez  Wong,  l.f.; 
Mansie  Wong,  3rd.;  Jane  Lowe,  1st.; 
Dora  Chew,  c.f.;  with  Helen  Ng  as 
substitute  and  Fannie  Wong  as  score- 
keeper. 

The  L.  A.  Chinese  Cinema  players 
benefit  dance  will  be  at  the  Riverside 
Breakfast  club  on  Jan.  15.  .  .  .  Mam- 
stars  of  the  movie  industry  will  support 
the  affair.  .  .  .  L.  A.'s  Celestial  club's 
New  Year  dance  will  be  at  the  Maccabee 
Temple  on  New  Year's  eve.  .  .  .  Also, 
L.  A.'s  Chinese  Football  team  will  dance 
on  Dec.  4  at  the  Wilshire  Masonic 
Temple.  The  proceeds  will  go  toward 
expenses  for  their  benefit  game  in  S.  F. 

Prexy  Frank  Ko  reported  that  Han- 
ford's  Chinese  Student  club  benefit  dance 
was  a  grand  success.  Dr.  Wm.  F.  Lee 
as  M.  C.  wise-cracked  the  crowd  into 
a  happy  mood.  .  .  .  Hanford's  Chinese 
girls  drill  team  and  the  drum  corps  drew 
tremendous  applause  from  spectators  at 
Lemoore  during  their  Armistice  Day 
parade. 

Consul  Sue  of  Portland  spoke  on  the 
Sino-Japanese  war  at  a  student  meeting 
of  the  North  Pacific  Dentistry  and 
Pharmacy  college  of  Oregon  recently. . . . 

Friends  from  Phoenix.  Coolidgc, 
Chandler,  Nogales,  and  other  parts  of 
Arizona  gathered  at  Tucson  Oct.  19 
for  the   benefit  dance   sponsored   by   the 

Chinese   Young  Circle  there lf'> 

Don    Toy,   chairman,   and    Maude    Don 


\ 


December,  1937 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  23 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


were  in  charge  of  arrangements  and  drew 
a  crowd  of  900  people,  thereby  netting 
$2,000  for  the  Red  Cross  fund  for  China. 
.  .  .  This  column  sends  congrats  to  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  King  Quon  of  San  Diego. 
Reason:  baby  girl  Lin  Sue  .  .  .  and  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morton  Wahl  of  Phoenix, 
Ariz.  Reason:  Junior  Wahl.  .  .  .  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Paul  Yee  of  Sacramento  (Bessie 
Ng  of  Oakland)  were  married  recently 
at  S.  F.  and  left  soon  after  the  ceremony 
for  a  three-month  tour  of  the  U.  S.  .  .  . 
At  Ann  Harbor  they  were  feted  by  the 
U.  of  Michigan  students.  The  bride- 
groom's father,  Dr.  Henry  Yee,  is  a 
graduate  of  the  university.  .  .  . 

Hall  of  China  has  reopened  at  the 
Balboa  Park  fair  ground.  Go  there 
every  Sunday  at  three  and  you'll  find 
hostesses  and  every  thing.  .  .  .  The  Man- 
darin bowling  team  is  doing  all  right 
down  in  San  Diego  amidst  heavy  compe- 
tition. They  play  in  mandarin  costumes. 
. .  .  The  S.  D.  Chinese  Youth  Midgets 
(youngsters  of  12  to  16)  made  Thanks- 
giving pleasant  for  many  of  the  old  men 
in  Chinatown  by  passing  them  boxes  full 
of  fine  foods.  That's  real  charity,  kids! 
. .  .  And  some  Sacramento  folks  who  were 
lured  to  S.  D.  for  a  visit  were  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Yee  Hong  and  their  sons  Daniel 
and  Chueng.  .  .  . 

[Although  the  Chinese  Digest  has 
correspondents  in  a  dozen  cities,  outside 
news  contributions  from  clubs  and  read- 
ers are  welcomed,  though  no  promise 
can  be  made  that  items  sent  in  will  be 
published.  Contributions  must  reach  us 
on  or  before  the  15th  of  the  month  pre- 
ceding month  of  publication,  and  must 
be  signed  with  the  names  (not  initials) 
and  addresses  of  the  contributors;  other- 
wise they  will  not  be  considered. 

All  news  intended  for  this  column  or 
for  "Chinatownia"  should  be  addressed 
to  the  Editor,  Chinese  Digest^] 
o 

AMBITION 

(Continued   from    p.    9) 
discovered  the  meaning  of  life  in  a  mem- 
orable passage   in   Somerset   Maugham's 
"Of  Human  Bondage")   the  explanation 
of  his  defeat. 

"People  tend  to  be  engrossed  in  sym- 
bols. Symbols  are  sometimes  more 
highly  esteemed  than  the  things  for 
which  they  stand.  .  .  .  Symbols.  .  .  . 

"Te-lin's  body  tensed.  .  .  .  His  mind 
was  on  an  old,  old  puzzle;  and  now  he 
had  found  the  key  to  it. 


"Rituals!  Symbols!  It  was  all  so  sim- 
ple when  you  realized  that  rites  and 
rituals  are  nothing  more  that  symbols. 
Outward  symbols  of  the  ways  men  should 
feel  towards  one  another.  Yet  men  mis- 
take the  symbols  for  feelings,  making 
the  rituals  all-important  in  themselves." 

Han  Te-lin  had  freed  his  spirit  from 
the  bondage  which  had  held  him  all  these 
years.  But  it  was  too  late  to  be  of  any 
use. 

The  only  criticism  which  can  be  made 
of  "Son  of  Han"  is  that  the  China  the 
author  describes  seemed  such  a  distant 
land  that  one  gets  the  effect  of  standing 
on  top  of  a  high  mountain  watching  the 
people  of  a  valley  thousands  of  feet 
below.  Only  in  a  few  passages  does 
one  feel   the  land  and  its  people. 

Of  the  characters  the  uncle  is  the 
most  charming,  he  whose  scholarly  hopes 
had  also  been  shattered  and  who  takes 
refuge  and  spiritual  contentment  in  the 
philosophy  of  Lao-tze.  The  hot-tempered 
Matriarch  lacks  plausibility.  In  a  land 
in  which  scholarship  is  held  in  such  high 
esteem  it  is  hardly  believable  that  the 
Matriarch  of  a  family  of  scholars  should 
look  down  on  learning  and  be  obsessed 
with  the  filial  duty  of  her  family's  male 
members.  Black  Jade  is  faintly  rem- 
iniscent of  Tai-yu,  one  of  the  immortal 
heroines  of  Hung  Lou  Meng  (Dream 
of  the  Red  Chamber) .  Finally,  Te-lin 
himself  was  not  drawn  finely  enough 
for  one  who  really  knows  him.  His 
character  remained  to  the  end  shadowy 
and  unsubstantial,  although  he  exacts 
one's   complete  sympathy. 

One  flaw  may  be  mentioned  here.  Te- 
lin  was  prevented  from  taking  his  second 
examination  the  second  time  because  he 
had  to  watch  over  his  "ceremonial  broth- 
er's" mother  while  the  latter  made 
plans  to  have  an  audience  with  the  local 
magistrate  to  punish  his  father's  mur- 
derer. Since  Te-lin  was  a  scholar  of  the 
First  Order  he  was  at  liberty  to  see 
the  magistrate  at  any  time  and  could 
have  done  so  in  behalf  of  his  adopted 
brother.  This  would  have  saved  him 
the  necessity  of  attending  to  his  adopted 
brother's  mother  and  thus  he  might  have 
passed    his    second    examination. 

However,  enough  of  fault  finding. 
"Son  of  Han"  is  a  work  of  fine  crafts- 
manship, written  with  sympathy  and 
understanding,  and  should  rank  as  one 
of  the  best  novels  of  Chinese  life  to  come 
out  in  many  moons. 


WAR  RELIEF 

(Continued  from  p.  14) 
zones.  Arrangements  had  been  made 
with  scores  of  women  workers  in  the  com- 
munity's numerous  garment  factories  to 
volunteer  certain  hours  each  day  to  make 
these   garments. 

The  China  War  Relief  Association  of 
America  is  maintaining  headquarters  at 
843  Stockton  street,  and  all  contributions 
and  inquiries  may  be  sent  there. 

o 

INVENTIONS 

(Continued  from  p.  6) 
(Errors:  Unfortunately,  an  early  draft 
of  the  article  appearing  in  the  last  issue 
of  the  Chinese  Digest  was  sent  to  the 
printer  by  mistake  and  the  following  cor- 
rections should  be  made:  No.  55-72 
should  be  65-70.  Ch-hua  should  be 
t'an  hua;  omit  the  entire  sentence  bearing 
this  word,  as  the  chuang  yuan  is  treated 
in  the  present  article) . 

References:  Ch'ien  Han,  Hou  Han 
Shu  (History  of  the  Hans);  Ta  Ch'ing 
Hui  Tien  (Regulations  of  the  Ch'ing 
dynasty) ;  Kuang  Ssu  Tiu  Yo,  etc. 
(Treaties  of  the  Ch'ing  dynasty) ;  The 
Chinese  Cult  of  the  Long  Gown,  by  John 
Earl  Baker,  Asia,  April,  1928;  The  Oldest 
University  in  the  World,  by  W.  Regi- 
nald Wheeler,  Asia,  August,  1921;  The 
Lore  of  Cathay,  by  W.  A.  P.  Martin; 
Two  Years  of  Nationalist  China,  by  M. 
T.  Z.  Tyau;  The  Chinese,  Their  History 
and  Culture,  by  Kenneth  Scott  Latourette; 
Chinese  Village  Life,  by  Arthur  Smith. 

INSTITUTE  TO  DISCUSS 
SINO-JAPANESE  WAR 

Los  Angeles — Both  sides  of  the  pres- 
ent Sino-Japanese  conflict  will  be  thrashed 
out  at  the  15th  Institute  of  World  Af- 
fairs, to  be  held  at  the  Beverly  Hills 
hotel  from  December  12  to  17,  under  the 
sponsorship  of  the  L.  A.  University  of 
International  Relations  of  the  University 
of  Southern  California. 

China's  side  will  receive  first  hand  treat- 
ment from  Chih  Meng,  director  of  the 
China  Institute  in  New  York  and  author 
of  "China  Speaks."  Prof.  Ken  Naka- 
zawa,  lecturer  at  U.  S.  C,  will  discuss 
"Japan's  Stake  in  China,"  augmented  by 
information  from  several  other  authori- 
ties. 

The  six-day  conference,  to  be  attended 
by  delegates  from  16  universities,  will 
deal  also  with  subjects  of  America's  neu- 
trality, European  dictatorships,  and  world 
affairs. 


V 


Page  24 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


December,  1937 


For  Someone  Who  Deserves 
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make  this  your  most  successful  Christmas! 

At  last!  You'ye  got  the  jump  on  old  St.  Nick!  You'll  find 
literally  dozens  of  just  the  right  gift  suggestions  and  at  just 
the  right  prices  with  CONVENIENT  CREDIT,  too! 


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OTHER  GIFT  SUGGESTIONS: 

Clothing 

Radios 

Fountain  Pen  Sets 

Cigarette  Cases 

Jewelry 


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COMMENT"    SOCIAL  •  •  SPOIiTS 
NEWS  *  *   CULTUC£  *    -    LlT£ftftTUCL£       s»w  ™»NCiscQ.CM.ife*»u»  (^ 


Vol.  4,  No.   1 


January,   1938 


Ten  Cents 


L 


'I 

iff?  i 

A  PAGAN  ALTAR  TO  A  MONKEY  GOD 

In  a  dim  corner  of  one  of  Chinatown's  labyrinthine  alleys  is  an  old  joss  temple,  musty  wtih  the  incense  and  dust 
of  many  years.  Casual  visitors  are  not  encouraged  here  because  it  is  a  real  place  of  worship  for  many  of  Chinatown's 
older  generation,  particularly  for  the  women,  for  they  still  cling  to  the  gods  of  their  fathers.  There  is  nothing  preten- 
tious about  this  temple.  Two  dusty  lanterns  hang  before  the  door,  and  a  receptocle  for  incense  sticks  stands  nearby. 
Through  the  glass  windows  one  sees  a  large  altar  which  takes  up  most  of  the  temple.  A  red  tapestry  screens  off  the 
top,  and  another  is  seen  under  the  altar  table.  On  the  table  are  the  usual  paraphernalia  of  Chinese  worship — paper 
flowers,  urns  for  joss  sticks,  red  candles  in  tall  holders,  and  bamboo  sticks  for  fortune  telling.  In  the  center  an 
electric  light  gleams   nakedly. 

In  the  dim  recess  of  the  altar,  almost  invisible  to  the  casuol  eye,  is  the  idol.  He  is  presumably  Hou-Wang,  the 
Monkey  God,  as  this  place  of  worship  is  called  the  Hou-Wang  Temple.  Once  the  idol  must  have  possessed  a  dazzling 
coat  of  gilt,  but  the  fumes  of  incense  and  candles  and  dust  from  the  street  have  darkened  its  brilliant  hue. 

On  the  night  the  above  picture  was  taken  a  male  worshiper  was  deep  in  prayer  before  the  idol,  unaware  that  he 
was  being  photographed.  Perhaps  he  wos  asking  Hou-Wang  for  a  material  favor,  or  for  advice.  Or  perchance  he  was 
merely  supplicating  this  God  of  Victorious  Strife  for  good   fortune  during  the  coming  year. 

(This  is  the  sixth  of  a  series  of  pictures  depicting  scenes  of  Chinatown  life.  Picture  taken  by  Wallace  H.  Fong, 
Chinese  Digest  photographer.) 


Page  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1938 


EDITORIAL 


THE  CHINESE    DIGEST 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 
San  Francisco,  California    (CHina  24001 

WILLIAM   HOY,   Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE   Associate  Editor 

LIM   P.   LEE   Sociological   Data 

DOROTHY  WING   Advertising  Manager 

HELEN  M.  FONG   Circulation  Manager 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

CORRESPONDENTS   and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bokerstield    Mamie   Lee 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Alien    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace   H.  Goo 

Los  Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Marysville    Virginia   Wah 

New  York   Bing  Chan 

New  York    Sophia   Chu 

Philadelphia    Henry  C.   Jung 

Portland    Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seattle,  Wash   Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton   Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,   Arizona   May  Tom 

Watsonville    Alice   Shew 

FOUNDERS   and  PUBLISHERS 
THOMAS   W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 


WHAT  IS  THE  CHINESE  DIGEST? 

As  we  embark  on  our  fourth  year  of  publication,  it  is  perhaps 
an  appropriate  time  to  take  a  little  inventory  and  make  an  at- 
tempt to  clarify,  in  the  minds  of  our  readers  and  ourselves,  the 
aims  and  objects  of  the  CHINESE  DIGEST.  The  question, 
"What  is  the  CHINESE  DIGEST?"  is  a  question  to  us  of  the 
purposes  of  this  journal. 

We  cannot  put  our  objectives  in  the  compass  of  a  single  sen- 
tence, but  primarily  the  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  the  one  and 
only  medium,  Chinese  or  English,  through  which  the  contem- 
porary history  of  the  Chinese  in  America  is  being  chronicled, 
with  special  attention  paid  to  the  activities  and  progress  made 
by  the  second  generation,  that  is  to  say,  the  American-born. 

As  a  slogan  the  above  phrase  seems  adequate.  It  is  as  glib 
as  any  catch- word  slogan  can  be.  But  as  a  definition  it  is  in- 
adequate, and  as  a  statement  of  our  aims  and  objects  it  is 
highly  unsatisfactory.  For  if  we  are  merely  endeavoring  to 
chronicle  the  present-day  life  of  the  Chinese  in  America,  then 
why  are  we  devoting  so  much  space  to  the  interpretation  of 
certain  aspects  of  Chinese  culture,  to  Chinese  literature,  and  to 
the  discussion  of  books  dealing  with  China,  and,  lastely,  to  the 
publication  of  Far  Eastern  news  and  events?  Our  previous  para- 
graphs  do    not   cover    this    point   at   all. 

The  following  paragraphs,  then,  are  offered  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  an  attempt  to  define  and  clarify  the  aims  of  the 
CHINESE  DIGEST: 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  aims 

(1)  To  disseminate  and  interpret  the  economic,  social,  cul- 
tural, and  educational  aspects  in  the  life  of  the  Chinese  in 
America; 

(2)  To  present  factual  news  accounts  of  men  and  events 
among  the  Chinese  in  America; 

(3)  To  present  hitherto  unknown  or  little  known  facts  of 
the  early  history  of  the  Chinese  in  America; 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorial 2 

Far  East 3,  4,  5 

Art  and  Culture 6,  7 

Reviews  and  Comments  .  .  . 8 

The  Jade  Box 9 

Sociological  Data 10 

Chinatownia  .  .  .  .  1 1#  12,  13,  14,  15,  17 

Sports    16 

Continuation  Page 18 

Index  for  1937 19 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data,  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress,  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


(4)  To  aid  the  second  generation  Chinese  to  understand 
their  position,  social  and  economic;  to  point  out  their  potenti- 
alities; to  publicize  their  achievements;  and  to  make  known  to 
them  their  inherent  responsibilities  toward  working  for  the  pres- 
ent and  future  welfare  of  their  race  and  generation  in  America; 

(5)  To  aid  in  the  development  of  cultural  and  sociological 
interests  among  the  second  generation; 

(6)  To  promote  and  encourage  Sino-American  cultural  re- 
lations; 

(7)  To  disseminate  and  interpret  political  and  other  news 
of  China  for  the  enlightment  of  the  second  generation  Chinese 
and  American  people  interested  in  the  development  of  modern 
China; 

(8)  To  help  in  breaking  down  racial,  social,  and  economic 
barriers  between  Chinese  and  American  people  through  intelli- 
gent and  dispassionate  discussion  of  all  affairs  which  bring 
them  into  misunderstanding  and  conflict; 

(9)  To  fight  for  the  economic  and  social  betterment  oi  the 
Chinese  through  the  molding  of  an  effective  public  opinion; 

(10)  To  open  its  editorial  columns  in  rendering  public  serv- 
ices for  the  benefit  of  the  Chinese  in  America. 


^ 


January,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


FAR     EAST 


THE  SINO-JAPANESE 
CONFLICT 

(Day  by  day  resume  of  the  highlights 
of  the  present  "undeclared  war"  between 
China  and  Japan,  continued  from  the 
last  issue.) 

November  11 — Japanese  plan  land, 
air,  and  river  attack  on  Nanking.  To 
prevent  the  Chinese  from  rushing  up 
reinforcements  from  the  south  the  Japa- 
nese navy  resumed  bombarding  Chinese 
costal  towns.  These  attacks,  the  Japa- 
nese believed,  would  force  Chinese  provin- 
cial commanders  to  keep  their  best  divi- 
sions at  home. 

November  12 — Chinese  formally  end 
resistance  in  Shanghai,  and  the  troops 
which  remained  were  interned  in  the 
French  Concession.  Estimate  of  military 
casualties  in  Shanghai  ran  as  high  as 
100,000  killed  and  wounded  for  both 
Chinese  and  Japanese  armies,  while  more 
than  a  million  Chinese  had  been  made 
destitute. 

November  13 — Three  Japanese  armies, 
totaling  more  than  200,000  men,  smashed 
at  China's  "Hindenburg  line"  at  5  points 
along  a  65-mile  front  west  of  Shanghai, 
determined  to  capture  Nanking  before 
the  new  year. 

November  14 — A  resolution  mildly 
rapping  Japan  for  her  warfare  on  China 
was  drafted  by  the  19  nations  attending 
the  Brussels  Conference.  Answering 
Japan's  contention  that  China  and  Japan 
should  be  left  alone  to  work  out  their 
grievances,  the  resolution  asserted  that 
there  "is  no  ground  for  any  belief  that 
if  left  to  themselves  Japan  and  China 
would  arrive  in  the  appreciatively  near 
future  at  any  solution  which  would  give 
promise  of  peace.  .  .  . 

"On  the  contrary,  there  is  every  reason 
to  believe  that  if  this  matter  were  left 
entirely  to  the  devices  of  Japan  and 
China  the  armed  conflict,  disorder,  uncer- 
tainty, instability,  suffering,  enmity,  ha- 
tred, and  disturbances  of  the  whole  world 
would  continue  indefinitely." 

Dr.  V.  K.  Wellington  Koo  made  the 
only  frank  speech  of  the  whole  Brussels 
Conference  when  he  asked,  in  the  name 
of  China,  that  the  powers  guarantee 
China's  territorial  and  political  integrity 
by  denying  financial  and  material  aid  to 
Japan  and  furnishing  material  aid  to 
China  only.  It  was  a  formal  demand  for 
a  boycott  against  Japan. 

Said  Dr.  Koo:  ".  .  .  we  do  not  ask 
other  signatory  powers  to  fight  for  us, 
but  we  need  material  help  to  enable  us 


to  continue  our  effective  resistance.  In 
order  to  shorten  the  duration  of  hostili- 
ties and  hasten  the  restoration  of  peace, 
it  is  also  necessary  to  refrain  from  con- 
tributing to  the  aggressor's  financial  and 
economic  resources  and  feeding  him  with 
an  uninterrupted  flow  of  arms  and  raw 
materials  for  his  war  industries. 

"International  peace,  like  national 
peace,  if  it  is  to  be  made  possible,  must 
be  defended.  The  restoration  and  de- 
fense of  peace  in  the  Far  East  at  present 
call  for  concerted  action  of  moral,  mate- 
rial, and  economic  character  on  the  part 
of  other  participating  powers  in  the  con- 
ference. Such  action  must  also  be  timely, 
for  if  it  is  delayed  too  long  because  of 
hesitation  and  doubt,  then  the  violence 
and  disorders  now  raging  in  the  Far  East 
soon  will  reach  such  proportions  as  to  be 
impossible  to  restrain  and  control  without 
undergoing  the  trials  and  tribulations  of 
another  world  war." 

November  15 — 700  bombs  were 
dropped  in  30  hours  on  Soochow  by  the 
Japanese  as  their  forces  sought  to  smash 
Chinese  defense  lines  45  miles  west  of 
Shanghai.  In  the  north  Japanese  forces 
were  within  6  miles  of  Tsinan,  capital  of 
Shantung. 

November  16 — Military  reports  con- 
firmed the  capture  of  Taiyuan,  capital 
of  Shansi  province,  by  Japanese  armies. 

November  17 — The  Chinese  Central 
government  was  evacuating  Nanking. 
The  ministries  were  dispersed  among  the 
cities  of  Hankow  on  the  Yangtze  river, 
Changsha  in  Hunan  province,  and 
Chungking  in  Szechuan.  Hankow  was 
to  be  the  temporary  new  capital. 

Japan  threatened  to  seize  Hainan  is- 
land, off  the  coast  of  Kwangtung  prov- 
ince, unless  arms  shipments  to  China 
through  French  Indo-China  cease  im- 
mediately. The  seizure  of  the  island 
would  place  Japan  in  a  position  to  dom- 
inate the  entire  French  Indo-China  coast. 
The  French  government  ordered  the  im- 
mediate cessation  of  arms  shipments  into 
China  as  a  result  of  this  threat. 

November  20 — General  Chiang  Kai- 
shek  sent  thousands  of  fresh  troops  into 
the  Soochow  area  to  stop  the  Japanese 
drive  on  Nanking  or  at  least  delay  com- 
plete evacuation  of  the  national  capital. 
The  body  of  Sun  Yat-Sen  was  to  remain 
at  Nanking  despite  evacuation. 

November  21 — Japanese  threat  to 
Nanking  increased  as  their  troops  cap- 
ture Soochow. 


November  22 — Japan  demanded  com- 
plete control  of  Shanghai,  including 
Chinese  administrative  bodies,  courts, 
maritime  customs,  mails,  and  telegraphs. 
Although  the  maritime  customs  involve 
international  agreements  beyond  the 
authority  of  the  Settlement  officials  to 
modify,  the  Japanese  nevertheless  de- 
manded full  control.  (The  Chinese  cus- 
toms revenues  are  pledged  to  repay  for- 
eign loans,  and  officials  of  interested  for- 
eign  powers   supervise   their    collection.) 

All  Chinese  hopes  for  international 
assistance  disappeared  as  the  Brussels 
Conference  prepared  to  disband. 

November  23 — Russian  planes  report- 
ed going  into  action  for  first  time  as  part 
of  the  Chinese  air  force. 

November  24 — By  arrangement  with 
Sir  Frederick  Maze,  British  inspector  gen- 
eral of  Chinese  customs,  control  of  Shang- 
hai's customs  passed  into  Japanese  hands. 
Two  Japanese  were  appointed  commis- 
sioner of  customs  and  revenue  accountant 
of  the  port.  The  move  was  made  to  avoid 
making  the  Shanghai  customs  an  interna- 
tional issue. 

November  25 — The  Japanese  opened 
major  offensive  on  Nanking,  bombing  the 
capital  for  the  first  time  since  Sept.  8. 

Five  of  Shanghai's  largest  Chinese 
newspapers  suspended  publication  because 
of  the  pressure  of  Japanese  demands  for 
control  of  the  city  and  suppression  of 
anti-Japanism. 

November  27 — Lin  Sen,  president  of 
China,  arrived  at  Chungking  to  establish 
the  new  capital. 

Japanese  seized  control  of  all  Chinese 
communication  facilities  in  Shanghai. 
United  States,  France,  and  Great  Brit- 
ain warned  Japan  concerning  taking  over 
of  Shanghai  customs. 

November  28 — Japanese  armies  ma- 
neuvered toward  Wuhu  and  Kwang-teh 
threatening  to  isolate  Nanking. 

November  29 — A  U.  S.  note  to  Japan 
demanded  that  the  former  be  consulted 
before  undertaking  any  changes  in  the 
Chinese  martime  customs. 

November  30 — Japan  initiated  behind 
the  scenes  efforts  to  end  the  war,  on 
Japanese  terms. 

December  2 — Nanking  troops  blow  up 
roads  to  hinder  Japanese  advances. 

December  3 — Marchers  in  a  Japanese 
"victory  parade"  in  Shanghai  were  scat- 
tered by  a  hand  grenade  thrown  by  a 
Chinese.  Two  Chinese  planes  made  air 
raid  on  Shanghai  but  did  no  damage. 
(Continued  on  p.  5,  col.  3) 


Poge  4 


CHINESE-  DIGEST 


January,   1938 


FAR     EAST 


SINO-JAPAMESE  GELATIONS  REVIEWED 


(The  following  article,  in  two  parts,  is  a 
historical  survey  of  the  political  relations  be- 
tween China  and  Japan  from  the  earliest  times 
down  to  the  beginning  of  the  present  Sino- 
Japanese  conflict.  This  short,  concise  account 
will  give  readers  the  proper  historical  perspec- 
tive in  viewing  Sino-Japanese  relations  at  the 
beginning  of  1938.  The  article  is  reprinted 
from  The  China  Quarterly  of  Shanghai,  Vol. 
2.  No.  4.) 

The  first  contacts  between  the  Chinese  and 
the  Japanese  are  shrouded  in  legend.  Chinese 
emigrants  in  mythical  times  are  supposed  to 
have  settled  on  the  west  coast  of  Japan.  It  is 
also  said  that  the  king  of  Wu,  after  his  defeat 
by  a  neighboring  state  in  the  south,  fled  to  the 
eastern  islands  in  the  year  473  B.  C.  We  hear 
that  Chin  Shih  Hwang-ti,  217  B.  C,  who  was 
strongly  affected  by  the  powerful  mystical  in- 
fluence of  Taoism,  equipped  an  expedition  in 
Shantung  and  sent  it  to  the  eastern  islands  in 
order  to  bring  back  the  "elixir  of  life."  We 
do  not  know  what  became  of  this  expedition, 
although  the  myth  says  that  the  leader  of  this 
fleet,  Hsu  Shih,  together  with  a  number  of 
Chinese  children,  settled  on  the  coasts  of 
Japan. 

The  large  expansion  of  China  in  all  direc- 
tions during  the  Han  dynasty  (202  B.  C.-22 
A.  D.),  especially  under  the  great  Wu-ti,  made 
Korea  subordinate  to  China  or  at  least  held  as 
a  tribute  state.  In  this  way  acquaintance  was 
made  with  the  inhabitants  of  Japan,  which 
country  was  named  "Wo,"  and  the  inhabi- 
tants, who  were  small  in  stature  and  on  a 
much  lower  scale  of  culture,  were  termed 
"dwarf   slaves." 

In  the  year  2  A.  D.  the  Japanese  were  sup- 
posed to  have  come  to  the  Chinese  imperial 
court.  The  annals  of  the  Han  dynasty  re- 
port a  delegation  from  Wo  in  the  year  57, 
and  in  the  reign  of  Emperor  Kwang  Wu-ti 
(25-37)  an  official  seal  was  bestowed  on  the 
king  of  the  Wo  by  which  the  vassal  relation- 
ship was  to  be  marked.  A  gold  seal  has  been 
found  in  Kyushu  which  apparently  belonged  to 
this  embassy;  it  bears  the  inscription  "king  of 
the  land  of  the  dwarf  slaves  in  the  Empire  of 
Han." 

A  second  delegation  of  the  Japanese  to  the 
Imperial  Court  took  place  in  the  year  107. 
This  delegation  carried  160  slaves,  probably 
as  a  tribute  gift.  Though  the  Chinese  sources 
call  such  a  delegation  "tribute-delegation"  a 
real  tribute  relation  between  China  and  Japan 
never  existed. 

Chinese  culture  reached  Japan  by  way  of 
the  bridge  of  Korea.  Writing,  literature,  art, 
philosophy,  religion,  a  form  of  government, 
and  political  institutions  have  in  the  course  of 
time  been  taken  over  little  by  little  from  the 
Chinese  cultural  sphere  and  Japanized. 

Since  the  third  century,  Chinese  chronicles 
often  mention  delegations  appearing  together 
with  those  of  Korea  at  the  Chinese  Imperial 
Court.  The  emperor  regarded  the  customary 
gifts  as  "tribute"  and  marked  the  relationship 
by  the  bestowal  of  honorary  titles.  However, 
China  never  made  a  direct  attempt  to  inter- 
fere in  the  conditions  of  the  country  to  the 
east.  The  Japanese,  on  the  other  hand,  never 
considered   that   the    titles   bestowed   on    their 


By  E.  Krueger 

king  by  the  emperors  of  China  marked  a  vassal 
position,  but  long  claimed  the  right  to  exer- 
cise military  control  over  the  adjacent  Korean 
states. 

A  large  number  of  war-like  invasions  into 
the  southern  part  of  Korea  secured  for  the 
Japanese  supremacy  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
peninsula.  One  of  the  quarreling  states  then 
turned  to  China  for  help,  and  Emperor  T'ang 
Tai  Tsung  (627-649)  proceeded  to  equip  in 
Shantung  a  large  expedition  in  which  five  hun- 
dred ships  undertook  the  journey.  Tai  Tsung 
himself  conducted  the  operations  on  land,  but 
the  campaign  failed,  as  hunger  and  cold  added 
to  the  perils  of  the  venture;  however,  he  did 
conquer  the  Liaotung  Peninsula.  His  succes- 
sor, on  the  other  hand,  continued  the  war  and 
defeated  a  Japanese  army,  returning  Korea  to 
Chinese  dependency  in  633. 

In  both  the  late  Sui  (561-618)  and  T'ang 
periods  (618-906)  the  relations  of  China  to 
Korea  and  Japan  were  very  close.  For  example 
the  Japanese  sent  many  missions  to  the  King- 
dom of  Wu  in  South  China  in  order  to  get 
women  textile  workers.  While  the  T'ang  dy- 
nasty was  at  the  height  of  its  power  and  the 
Imperial  Court  fostered  art  and  science,  schol- 
ars, priests,  students  and  travelers  were  ex- 
changed between  the  two  countries. 

The  first  delegation  from  China  to  Japan 
is  mentioned  in  608.  It  went  via  Korea  since 
the  traffic  of  all  delegations  went  overland  as 
far  as  possible.  When  a  Japanese  delegation 
appeared  at  the  Chinese  Court  in  659  several 
Ainos  were  included  and  seem  to  have  caused 
a  great  sensation  on  account  of  their  long 
beards.  In  670  some  Japanese  emissaries  ap- 
peared who  brought  over  good  wishes  on  the 
conquest  of  Korea. 

When  the  decline  of  power  in  the  T'ang 
dynasty  became  more  and  more  noticeable,  the 
exchange  of  delegations  ceased,  but  the  inter- 
course with  travelers,  merchants  and  priests 
remained.  After  the  T'ang  period,  the  shorter 
sea  route  between  the  two  countries  was  pre- 
ferred. 

As  already  mentioned,  the  Japanese  were 
called  "Wo"  by  the  Chinese,  and  their  coun- 
try "Wo-kuo."  When  the  Japanese  learned 
the  Chinese  language  better,  they  naturally 
comprehended  the  degradation  which  was  in 
this  reference  to  "dwarf  land"  or  to  "dwarf 
slave  land"  and  they  asked  that  this  word  be 
changed.  About  the  middle  of  the  seventh 
century,  the  name  "Ji-pen-kuo" — "Land  of  the 
Rising  Sun" — originated,  due  to  the  easterly 
situation  of  the  country.  Our  word  "Japan" 
comes  from  the  South  China  pronunciation 
of  the  character  for  "Ji-pen,"  which  sounded 
like  "Yap-pun." 

The  superior  Chinese  culture  was  carried  to 
the  Japanese  principally  by  Korean  teachers; 
for  instance,  the  Chinese  character  language 
and  the  production  of  pape:  were  both  taught 
bv  Korean  scholars  and  priests.  No  aspect 
of  culture  exists  that  Japan  did  not  take  over 
from  China  ready  made,  and  a  few  branches 
were  taken  from  the  Chinese  sphere  of  cul- 
ture and  Japanized. 

Generally  speaking,  the  important  influence 
of  Chinese  culture  followed  the  mediation  of 
Korea  shortly   after   Buddhism   in   its   Chinese 


Mahayana  form  obtained  entrance  into  Japan. 
This  happened  in  the  sixth  century  and  in 
621  A.  D.  Buddhism  became  the  official 
religion.  As  such,  Buddhism  had  a  firm  in- 
fluence over  the  conditions  of  the  state  and 
people.  Since  the  Buddhist  doctrine  could 
only  be  studied  from  Chinese  writings,  the 
study  of  Chinese  and  Chinese  arts  and  philoso- 
phy became  a  necessity.  In  all  forms  of  Jap- 
anese public  life  the  Chinese  model  was  taken 
as  authoritative.  Japan  was  entirely  dependent 
on  the  then  highly  civilized  China  for  its  rapid 
ascent  in  the  seventh  and  eighth  centuries. 
Even  when  in  the  following  centuries  the  po- 
litical relations  between  the  two  countries  were 
strained,  the  Chinese  cultured  remained.  It 
must  be  said  that  this  taking  over  of  an  entirely 
foreign  culture  and  mixing  it  with  the  natural 
characteristics  of  the  nation,  along  with  other 
conditions,  had  to  give  rise  to  conflicts  and 
contradictions  which,  in  turn,  had  to  show  in 
the  character  of  Japan  and  her  people. 

When  in  the  thirteenth  century  the  Mon- 
golians built  up  their  powerful  kingdom,  the 
small  Island  Kingdom  was  put  aside,  while 
Korea  was  drawn  into  the  Mongolian  sphere 
of  power.  When  Kublai  Kahn  ascended  the 
dragon  throne  all  the  neighboring  states  paid 
homage  to  him  except  Japan.  Kublai  there- 
upon issued  a  summons,  through  the  services 
of  the  Korean  ruler,  saying  that  his  sovereignty 
must  be  recognized,  but  the  Japanese  ruler 
found  the  form  of  the  message  unsuitable  and 
had  the  messenger  killed.  A  punitive  expedi- 
tion which  Kublai  sent  in  1274,  consisting  of 
300  ships,  was  defeated  by  the  Japanese  who 
were  better  seafaring  people.  In  1281  followed 
a  new  expedition  in  order  to  avenge  the  earlier 
defeat.  One  hundred  and  forty  thousand  men 
in  400  to  500  ships  were  sent  to  Japan,  but  this 
undertaking  also  ended  in  failure.  The  fleet 
was  annihilated  in  a  storm,  and  the  men  who 
reached  the  coast  in  safety  were  slain  there  by 
Japanese  troops.  Once  again  in  1284  the  Great 
Khan  proposed  an  expedition  against  the 
enemy  kingdom,  but  this  idea  of  a  naval  at- 
tack was  finally  given  up  in  1286.  To  conquer 
Japan  was  outside  the  strength  of  the  Mon- 
golians. 

In  the  following  years  each  country  had 
enough  to  do  within  itself  and  the  relationship, 
friendly  as  well  as  hostile,  was  at  a  standstill. 
A  closer  contact  was  brought  about  in  the 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries,  although 
in  a  very  unpleasant  manner.  Japan  was  the 
aggressor  this  time. 

Japanese  pirates  began  to  ravage  the  coasts 
of  China  from  Shantung  to  the  South.  For- 
mosa was  their  base  for  the  undertaking  in 
the  South.  Whole  fleets  came,  devastated  the 
countrv,  took  possession  of  the  cities,  and 
pushed  up  the  rivers.  Shantung.  Kiangsu. 
Chekiang  and  the  coastal  provinces  were  the 
chef  sufferers.  The  Chinese  constructed  forti- 
fied places  with  military  guards  and  organized 
a  coast  defense.  This  succeeded  in  warding  off 
two  big  attacks  on  Shantung  in  1 369  and 
1374.  Near  the  Liuchiu  Islands  the  Japanese 
pirate  fleet  was  seized  by  the  Chinese  admiral, 
Wu  Chen,  and  taken  to  China.  However,  there 
still  continued  to  exist  large  and  small  pirate 
bands  eager  to  prey  on  the  rich  trade  with 
the    South    Seas    and    India.      The    Japanese 


January,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


pirates  were  fierce  fighters,  especially  along 
the  Chekiang  coast  and  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Yangtze.  Shanghai,  Ningpo,  Soochow,  and 
many  other  cities  were  for  some  time  occupied 
and  plundered.  Since  the  highest  commander 
of  the  Chinese  defense  put  all  the  war  taxes 
extorted  from  the  people  into  his  own  pocket, 
the  campaign  against  the  robbers  was  naturally 
very  lax.  But  in  1562,  off  Fukien,  the  pirates 
suffered  a  heavy  defeat  from  the  Hollanders 
who  were  coming  in  numbers  to  settle  in 
Formosa. 

When  Hideyoshi  (1536-1598)  became  the 
all-powerful  chancellor  in  Japan,  after  various 
internal  struggles,  he  resolved  to  subjugate 
China  and  he  knew  that  his  plans  were  not 
without  prospect  of  success  on  account  of  the 
prevailing  situation  under  the  Ming  dynasty. 
At  the  same  time  this  plan  was  a  maneuvre 
to  divert  the  peoples'  attention  in  order  to  give 
the  restless  spirits  in  the  homeland  another 
direction.  Since  the  passage  to  China  was 
through  Korea,  Hideyoshi  tried,  but  without 
success,  to  bring  this  country  on  his  side.  Japan 
landed  an  army  in  Korea  in  1592  and  made  a 
quick  and  successful  campaign.  The  war  was 
fought  with  such  terrible  cruelty,  that  in 
Kyoto  a  temple  was  erected  above  the  ears 
and  noses  which  had  been  cut  off  and  salted. 
Altogether  about  215,000  Koreans  are  sup- 
posed to  have  perished  in  the  undertaking.  In 
this  struggle  the  Japanese  made  use  of  fire- 
arms which  they  had  obtained  from  the  Port- 
uguese. But  the  Korean  fleet  of  ironclads  proved 
too  much  for  the  wooden  Japanese  fleet.  The 
Koreans  asked  the  Chinese  for  help  and  the 
Emperor  sent  an  army  under  the  command 
of  General  Li  Ju-sung.  He  won  a  brilliant 
victory  at  sea  over  the  Japanese,  but  on  land 
the  Chinese  army  was  defeated.  Hideyoshi 
had  to  give  up  the  realization  of  his  far-flung 
plans  and  restrict  himself  to  the  South.  In 
1597  he  undertook  a  new  advance,  but  with 
his  sudden  death  the  entire  undertaking  col- 
lapsed in  1598.  The  Chinese  army  attacked 
the  Japanese  with  superior  forces  and  pressed 
them  toward  the  South,  while  Li  Ju-sung 
threatened  their  retreat  from  the  sea. 

This  was  the  first  war  between  China  and 
Japan.  The  point  of  controversy  was  Korea, 
which  in  its  relation  to  China  and  Japan  has 
always  had  a  double  position.  For  China  it 
was  a  tribute-paying  land;  for  Japan  an  object 
for  the  extension  of  her  sphere  of  power.  Thus 
the  "Korean  Question,"  which  later  implicated 
China,  Japan  and  Russia,  came  into  existence 
although  the  part  that  Korea  played  was 
seemingly  passive.  It  was  finally  annexed  by 
Japan  in  1910. 

In  the  next  few  centuries  there  was  little  con- 
tact between  China  and  Japan.  Japan  began  to 
reflect  on  her  own  national  merits  and  traditions 
and  forged  a  new  internal  revival  in  her  po- 
litical and  cultural  spheres.  China  was  at  this 
time  in  a  period  of  seclusion  and  seemed  well 
occupied  with  her  own  problems. 

Complications  cropped  up  again  b"  the  ex- 
tension of  Japanese  influence  in  the  South. 
The  Liuchiu  Islands  had  paid  tribute  to  China 
since  1372  and  to  Japan  since  1451.  However, 
paying  of  double  tribute  at  that  time  was  not 
unusual.  In  1871  some  sailors  from  the  Liu- 
chiu Islands  were  shipwrecked  on  the  coast  of 
Formosa  and  were  slain  by  the  wild  inhabi- 
tants. At  once  Japan  addressed  a  note  to 
China  wanting  to  know  what  she  was  prepared 
to    do    in    giving    satisfaction    for    the    crimes 


committed  against  Japanese  subjects.  In  reply 
the  Chinese  government  pointed  out  that  since 
1372  the  Liuchiu  Islands  were  held  in  a  vassal 
state  by  China  and  that  China  could  not  be 
held  responsible  for  what  the  natives  had  done, 
for  "no  one  could  protect  fools  who  entered 
the  territory  of  savages."  Japan  was  not  satis- 
fied with  this  reply  and  as  docile  pupils  of 
the  Western  methods  sent  troops  to  Formosa 
in  1874  to  occupy  the  southern  part  of  the  is- 
land. China's  protests  were  of  no  avail.  How- 
ever, through  mediation  of  the  English  minis- 
ter, Sir  Thomas  Wade,  a  threatening  war  was 
avoided  and  a  convention  was  concluded  on 
October  31,  1874.  Japan  withdrew  her  troops 
from  Formosa,  but  China  recognized  Japan's 
sovereignty  over  the  Liuchiu  Islands  and  paid  a 
large  sum  as  idemnity.  Japan  promptly  took 
over  the  whole  administration  of  the  group  of 
islands. 

When  the  foreign  powers  concluded  their 
treaties  with  China  in  1842,  1860  and  succeed- 
ing years,  Japan  also  gained  a  commercial 
treaty  in  Peking  on  September  13,  1871,  which 
was  ratified  in  Tientsin  on  April  3,  1873.  This 
meant  diplomatic  representation  and  consular 
jurisdiction  for  Japan. 

Korea  was  the  chief  point  of  controversy  be- 
tween China  and  Japan.  Korea  at  that  time 
kept  almost  entirely  to  herself,  undisturbed  by 
the  events  happening  in  the  outer  world,  but 
Japan  kept  an  eye  on  Korea  as  a  goal  for  ex- 
pansion. 

When  in  September,  1875  a  Japanese  ship 
was  fired  on  by  the  Koreans,  Japan  obtained 
satisfaction  by  the  treaty  with  Korea  dated 
February  26,  1876.  In  this  settlement  the  in- 
dependence of  Korea  was  recognized  and  three 
Korean  ports  were  opened  to  Japanese  trade. 
China's  old  claims  to  sovereignty  were  simply 
ignored,  yet  in  spite  of  this  Korea  continued 
to  pay  tribute  to  China. 

In  order  not  to  allow  the  influence  of  Japan 
to  become  too  strong  in  Korea,  Li  Hung- 
chang  thought  it  best  for  Korea  to  open  its 
doors  to  other  nations,  including  the  United 
States,  England,  Germany,  Italy,  Russia, 
and  France,  which  was  accomplished  by  treat- 
ies during  the  years  that  followed. 

The  situation  meanwhile  in  Korea  in  1882 
was  tense,  with  pro-Chinese,  pro-Japanese  and 
pro-Russian  groups  trying  to  get  into  power. 
Insurrections  against  the  Japanese  occurred 
several  times.  Li  Hung-chang  sent  troops 
under  the  command  of  General  Wu,  who  sub- 
dued the  rebellion.  Japan  received  compensa- 
tion and  permission  to  maintain  a  legation 
guard  in  Seoul.  China  sent  a  police  troop. 
Yuan  Shih-kai,  still  quite  young,  became 
China's  representative  in  Seoul,  and  von  Moel- 
lendorff,  the  counsellor  of  Li  Hung-chang, 
became  adviser  for  Korea.  In  1884  once  again 
bloodv  encounters  with  the  Japanese  occurred 
in  which  Chinese  soldiers  took  part  on  the 
Korean  side.  Thereupon  both  powers  made  a 
treaty  in  1885,  according  to  which  both  coun- 
tries withdrew  their  troops  and  promised  to 
take  military  measures  in  Korea  only  after  a 
mutual  notification.  But  since  the  problem  of 
supremacy  was  not  decided,  the  "Korean  Ques- 
tion" remained  unsolved  and  Japan  only  waited 
for  a  favorable  occasion  to  strike.  Not  only  did 
opposition  to  China  drive  Japan  to  war,  but 
internal  difficulties  also  contributed  and  the 
prospect  of  a  successful  outcome  promising  an 
extension  of  power  was  regarded  as  a  welcome 
outlet. 

(To  be  concluded  next  issue) 


THE  SINO-JAPANESE 
CONFLICT 

(Continued  from  page  3) 

December  4 — Japanese  abandon  at- 
tempt to  seize  part  of  International  Set- 
tlement after  warning  by  U.  S.  Marine 
officers. 

December  5 — Japanese  troops  within 
30  miles  of  Nanking. 

December  7 — Fall  of  Nanking  immi- 
nent as  Japanese  armies  neared  north  and 
west  gates  of  the  city.  Chinese  troops 
withdrew  from  city  after  burning  every- 
thing in  their  path  to  block  Japanese  ad- 
vances with  barrier  of  fire. 

December  8 — Reliable  neutral  data 
placed  military  killed  and  wounded  in  the 
four-month  old  Sino-Japanese  conflict  at 
440,000—365,000  being  Chinese.  Civilian 
casualties  reached  more  than  100,000  in 
Shanghai  and  50,000  in  North  China. 

December  10 — 100,000  Japanese  troops 
were  ready  for  a  final  assault  at  Nanking 
after  Japanese  General  Matsui  presented 
an  ultimatum  for  the  surrender  of  the 
capital. 

December  11  —  Japanese  assault  on 
Nanking  without  decisive  results.  The 
city's  ancient  wall,  45  feet  high,  and  30 
feet  thick,  is  dotted  with  pillboxes,  shel- 
ters, and  gun  emplacements  made  of  re- 
inforced concrete. 

December  12 — -Japanese  airplane 
bombs  sank  U.  S.  S.  Panay  and  Standard 
Oil  vessels,  creating  grave  U.  S.-Japanese 
tension. 

December  14  —  Japanese  announced 
capture  of  Nanking.  A  "provisional  gov- 
ernment" was  established  in  Peiping  un- 
der Japanese  auspices.  The  old  name  of 
Peking  was  restored  to  the  city. 

December  16 — Admiral  Teizo  Mitsu- 
nami,  chief  of  aerial  operations  in  the 
China  war,  was  recalled  as  a  result  of 
the  bombing  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Panay. 

Chinese  forces  throwing  up  fortifica- 
tions along  the  Tientsin-Pukow  railway, 
across  the  Yangtze  river  from  Nanking, 
for  further  combat.  A  Japanese  drive 
against  South  China  was  predicted.  From 
"somewhere  behind  the  Chinese  lines" 
General  Chiang  Kai-Shek  issued  a  pro- 
nouncement. "The  chief  significance  of 
Nanking's  fall,"  he  said,  "is  the  strength- 
ening of  China's  determination  to  con- 
tinue the  campaign  of  resistance  because, 
the  seat  of  government  having  been  moved 
elsewhere,  Nanking  no  longer  possesses 
political  or  military  importance." 
o 

He  who  refuses  to  remedy  a  wrong  is 
guilty  of  a  second  wrong. — Mencius. 


Poge  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1938 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES 
AND  INVENTIONS 

Number  76-80:  The  Chinese  invented 
coinage  five  hundred  years  before  Lydia; 
including  the  pierced  coins,  the  rimmed 
coins,  the  commemorative  coins,  and  the 
stackable  coins. 

In  studying  the  evolution  of  coinage 
in  China  we  should  note  first  that  elabo- 
rate and  enduring  civilizations  were  pos- 
sible without  money,  and  that  China  on 
more  than  one  occasion  bordered  on  be- 
ing a  relatively  moneyless  nation.  Im- 
posing civilizations  like  Egypt  and  Baby- 
lonia managed  to  get  along  on  a  "na- 
tural" or  moneyless  economy,  and  the 
same  was  true  of  the  Roman  fundi,  Eng- 
lish manors,  feudal  monasteries,  and  the 
agricultural  pueblos  of  the  American 
Southwest. 

Such  civilizations  imposed  certain  re- 
strictions on  their  peoples,  such  as  limi- 
tation of  individual  freedom,  rigid  di- 
vision of  labor,  communal  sharing  of 
products,  etc.  They  were  all  based  on 
the  idea  of  an  enlarged  household,  with 
a  strong  rule  or  custom  and  God  or  ruler 
to  enforce  its  functioning.  Of  course, 
precious  metals  were  often  used  in  these 
societies,  but  chiefly  when  dealing  with 
the  outside  world  and  as  bullion.  They 
were  weighed  during  each  transaction. 
Metal  or  other  raw  material,  when  used 
to  facilitate  exchange  of  goods  is  cur- 
rency; currency  when  used  according  to 
specific  weight  standard  is  money.  Money 
as  an  individual  possession  was  practically 
unknown. 

Of  course,  such  civilizations  were  not 
without  their  advantages.  The  wheels  of 
Chinese  society  ran  successfully  without 
money  as  its  axis,  but  with  the  custom  and 
regulations  of  clans.    According  to  such 


with 


FOR  A  HAPPIER 
CHINESE  NEW  YEAR 

a  New  Suit  and 
Overcoat! 

RooaBroA 

4th    Floor 
MARKET    AT    STOCKTON 

HENRY  SHUE  TOM 

Chinese  Salesman  &   Representative 


historians  as  H.  G.  Wells  (Outline  of 
History)  and  A.  R.  Burns  (Money  and 
Monetary  Policy  in  Early  Times)  China 
was  saved  from  such  a  financial  crisis  as 
that  which  wrecked  the  Roman  Empire. 
Instead,  wealth  in  China  being  real  and 
visible,  she  was  not  subject  to  strains 
which  exist  in  money  countries.  The  social 
collapse  was  never  so  complete  and  there 
were  no  dark  ages.  "Considerable  areas 
were  able  to  carry  on  the  art  of  life  with- 
out deterioration  in  cleanliness,  decora- 
tion, artistic  and  literary  production  as 
we  have  to  record  in  the  West,  and  no 
such  abandonment  of  any  search  for  grace 
and  pleasure."  China  continued  to  pro- 
duce beautiful  things  long  after  the  fall 
of  the  Han  rule. 

The  Beginning  of  Money 
Among  money  civilizations  the  rise  from 
bartering  to  the  money  stage,  assuming 
that  there  ever  was  a  pure  bartering  stage, 
is  a  gradual  one.  Certain  objects  become 
recognized  mediums  of  exchange,  and 
these  were  the  first  money.  The  exchange 
of  a  hog  for  a  cow  is  bartering.  But  sup- 
pose the  owner  of  the  hog,  though  al- 
ready well  stocked  with  knives,  should 
accept  a  knife  for  the  hog,  knowing  full 
well  that  at  any  time  he  can  go  to  market 
and  purchase  a  cow  or  other  commodi- 
ties with  the  knife,  then  knives  are  con- 
sidered money. 

Money  may  be  such  livestock  as  oxen, 
slaves,  or  fish;  such  artifacts  as  utensils  or 
textiles;  such  commodities  as  metal  pel- 
lets and  jade;  and  such  charms  and  orna- 
ments as  tortoise  teeth  and  wampums. 
They  are  customarily  received  without 
and  are  passed  from  hand  to  hand  in  ex- 
change for  commodities  or  service,  the 
receiver  storing  them  with  the  idea  of  ulti- 
mately subjecting  them  to  similar  usage. 
They  are  customarily  received  without 
reference  to  one's  own  need  or  to  the  cred- 
it of  the  person  who  offers  them  (i.e., 
without  test  of  quality  or  quantity) . 

Certain  types  of  money,  such  as  cows 
or  hogs,  were  handicapped  by  their  limi- 
tations, such  as  perishability,  individual- 
ity, etc.  However,  all  are  or  were  in 
demand  at  one  time  or  they  would  not 
have  become  money.  Apparently  useless 
objects  as  shells  and  feathers  were  valued 
by  some  as  potent  magic  charms  or  as 
ornaments  which  added  prestige  to  the 
owner.  Many  such  moneys  are  still  in  use 
by  modern  primitives:  stone  wheels  in  the 
Island  of  Yap,  dentalium  in  Queen  Char- 
lotte island,  etc. 

Coins  were  not  the  first  money.  Coins 
are  money  of  intrinsically  valuable  metal 


which  has  been  struck  with  a  device, 
weight  deliberately  adjusted,  and  with 
the  mark  of  a  responsible  authority.  Its 
commodity  character  is  submerged  by  its 
currency  features,  facilitating  it  as  a 
medium  of  exchange,  a  measure,  a  stand- 
ard, and  a  storage.  Its  growth  from 
money  is  a  rather  late  development,  be- 
ing unknown  in  early  Old  Testament 
time.  Abraham's  numerous  statements 
concerning  "money"  (keseph)  should  be 
translated  as  "silver,"  or  to  be  more  exact, 
as  pieces  of  silver  of  a  given  weight 
in  units  of  shekels. 

It  is  from  metal  money  that  we  get  our 
first  coins.  Metal  gradually  became  pre- 
ferred above  all  others  probably  because 
of  its  utility  and  compactness.  Gold  and 
silver  eventually  became  the  precious 
metals.  At  one  time  they  were  probably 
valued  chiefly  because  they  were  easily 
fashioned  into  cowries  or  other  charms 
which  when  made  were  even  more  valu- 
able than  the  originals,  being  rare  and  of 
great  lustre.  This  in  turn  resulted  in  their 
being  in  demand  by  craftsmen  for  other 
uses,  again   reinforcing  the   demand. 

In  the  West  the  bars,  pellets,  or  ingots 
of  precious  metals  were  stamped  with 
seals,  giving  their  weight.  The  smaller 
of  these  became  coins.  As  we  shall  see 
later,  the  Chinese  coins  originated  in  a 
totally  different  manner  and  from  other 
than  precious  metals.  The  earliest  known 
coin  in  the  West  is  the  Lvdian  coin  of  the 
time  of  Gyges  (687-652  B.  C.)  or  the 
time  of  Candaules,  25  years  earlier.  It  is 
made  of  electrum,  a  natural  amalgam  of 
gold  and  silver.  Herodotus  stated  that 
"the  Lydians  were  the  first  of  all  nations 
we  know  of  that  introduced  the  art  of 
coining  gold  and  silver."  There  are  some 
who  doubt  if  the  Lvdian  pieces  could  be 
considered  as  anything  more  than  stamped 
pellets.  The  earlier  ones  are  oval  in 
shape,  having  a  buldging  obverse,  and  a 
striated  reverse.  The  later  ones  are  true 
coins  having  the  fore  part  of  a  lion  on 
the  reverse. 

Coinage  replaced  the  Aegean  talanton 
of  the  Homeric  age,  a  unit  of  gold  ex- 
pressed in  pellets  or  rings  and  equaling 
the  value  of  a  cow,  the  former  monev  of 
the  Greeks.  The  coins  of  Syracuse  and 
Bacteria  are  unrivaled  as  materpieces  of 
art.  Greek  and  Roman  coins  arc  tvpical- 
Iv  without  rimmed  borders  and  are  not 
flat  enough  to  stack.  Manv  were  stamped 
with  the  likeness  of  an  ox  or  a  tuna  fish, 
denoting   former  units  of  value. 

(To  be  concluded  in  next  issue) 


January,    1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


ART     AND     CULTURE 

Chingwah   Lee    


Part  of  collection  first  begun  by  author's  mother.  Half  actual  size.  UPPER  LEFT  CORNER:  miniature  silver  ingot  with  votive  "fu." 
Immediately  below:  halved  copper  used  during  coin  shortage.  UPPER  RIGHT  CORNER:  Ch'ing  Dynasty  copper.  Immediately  below: 
Republican  copper.  MIDDLE  ROW,  seventh  coin:  Hsien  Feag's  "Worth  Ten"  cash  coin.  BOTTOM  ROW:  minted  silver  dollars,  the  second, 
third,  fifth,  and  sixth  are  rare  issues. 


CHINESE  DANCER 
TO  GIVE  RECITAL 

New  York  City — Si-lan  Chen,  noted 
Chinese  dancer,  will  make  her  New  York 
recital  debut  Jan.  30,  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  American  Friends  of  the 
Chinese  People.  Miss  Chen  is  better 
known  as  Sylvia  Chen  and  was  for  sev- 
eral years  one  of  the  most  popular  artists 
of  the  dance  world  in  Soviet  Russia. 


He  who  demands  much  from  himself  One  more  good  man  on  earth  is  better 

and  little   from  others  will  avoid  resent-       than  an  extra  angel  in  heaven. — Chinese 
ment. — Confucius.  Proverb. 


CHICAGO  YOUTH 
TO  STAGE  BENEFIT 

Chicago — A  benefit  show  and  dance 
will  be  given  by  the  Chinese  young  peo- 
ple of  this  city  Jan.  19  and  20  at  the 
International  House  theatre,  the  pro- 
ceeds going  for  war  relief.  The  show 
will  be  a  Chinese  pageant  entitled  "Chao 
Chun  Chu  Sai."  The  benefit  funds  will 
be  turned  over  to  the  Chinese  Emergency 
Relief  association,  2251  Wentworth  ave- 
nue. 


JUST  OPENED 


GJtin&ie  P  je4*tUi&ud& 


Grant  Avenue  &  Pine  Street 


San  Francisco 


FEATURING 

Music  by  the  Chinatown  Knights 

Lotus  Pond  Dance  Floor 

ALL-CHINESE   ENTERTAINMENT 
FIFTY-FOOT  HAND-CARVED  DRAGON  BAR 

First  &  Only  Chinese   Night  Club   in   California 

NO  COVER  CHARGE 
Make  Reservations  for  Chinese  New  Year 

Management:  Andrew  C.  Wong  &  Roy  Lym 


Poge  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1938 


REVIEWS    AND   COMMENTS 


William  Hoy 


STORIES  OF  A  CITY 
CALLED  PEKING 

The  Gate  of  Happy  Sparrows  by 
Daniele  Vare.  283  pp.  Garden  City, 
N.  Y.:  Doubleday,  Doran  &  Co.,  p. 


In  a  preface  Signor  Vare  calls  the 
volume  "sketches  of  a  China  that  is 
passing  away:  ghosts  of  old  Peking,  when- 
it  was  still  the  capital  of  a  great  country." 
And  the  overtones  of  the  collection  are 


'"    .  .  Peiping  stands  for  the  soul  of  set  in  the  following  lines  from  one  of 

old  China,  cultured  and  placid;  for  the  the  sketches:  ".  .  .  cicadas  that  survive 

good  life  and  good  living.  ...  It  has  in   September.    .    .    ."   The  same   simile 

variety  .  .  .  variety   of   atmosphere    and  applies   to  those   who   are   less   m  touch 

variety  of  men.     It  has  color  ...  the  with  the  New  China  than  with  the  Old. 

color   of   imperial   grandeur,  of   historic  It  is  a  great  ideal,  which  would  bring 

age,   and   of   Mongolian   plains."  the   Chinese   people   into   line   with   the 

So  wrote  Lin  Yutang  recently,  paying  nations  of  the  West.     But  it  was  the 

his    respects    to    a    city    beloved    of    all  older  civilization  that  throw  over  us  the 

writers,  artists,  and  men  and  women  of  spell  of  her  philosophy,  of  her  aloofness, 

culture.     Dr.  Iin's  description  is  inade-  of  her  disdain. 

quate;    many   Occidentals   have   extolled  "Old  customs  are  dying  in  China,  and 

this  city  in  more  beautiful  phrases.    But  the    ideals    that    inspired    them.      It    is 

it  is  enough  to  convey  an  image,  to  evoke  autumn   in  China, 
a  picture   of  a  place   in  which  all   the  'Like   cicadas   in   September,   we   live 


essence  of  the  Orient,  all  the  glamour 
of   the  East,  is  reflected. 

In  a  previous  volume,  "The  Maker 
of  Heavenly  Trousers"  (Chinese  Digest, 
April  17,  1936)  Signor  Daniele  Vare 
first  demonstrated  his  ability  to  tell  a 
story,  doing  it  with  simplicity  and  charm, 
and  at  the  same  time  conveying  a  pic- 
ture of  imperial  Peking  and  the  customs 
and  traditions  of  old  China.  He  had 
all  the  air  of  a  cosmopolitan  and  re- 
minded one  more  than  once  of  France's 
Paul   Morand.     His   impressionism  was 


on  to  sing  her  praises  in  sheltered  temples 
in  the  hills." 

One  has  to  read  the  sketches  to  ap- 
preciate the  flavor  of  them.  One  tells 
of  Chinese  servants,  their  virtues  and 
vices;  another  of  the  etiquette  of  com- 
mitting suicide;  one  seeks  to  analyze 
asceticism  and  the  contemplative  life; 
and  one  dramatic  sketch  is  based  on  a 
superstition  of  the  Chinese.  Kuniang, 
heroine  of  the  author's  previous  book, 
threads  her  way  out  of  these  stories, 
mischievous    and    lovely    as    ever.      Two 


reminiscent  of  Lafcadio  Hearn,  with  all      of  the  sketches  are  made  up  of  Kuniang's 


the  latter's  intuitive  understanding  of  an 
alien  race,  but  without  his  poetic  quality. 
"The  Gate  of  Happy  Sparrows"  is  a 
collection  of  16  stories  and  sketches  of 
old  Peking,  delicately  done,  entertaining, 
and  presented  in  charmingly  simple  prose. 
And  not  the  least  of  the  virtue  of  these 
sketches  is  that  one  learns  and  relearns 
many  concrete  facts  regarding  China  and 
her  people  which  one  has  not  known 
before  or  has  forgotten.  And  the  stories 
are  told  with  such  a  convincing  air  of 
authenticity  that  one  would  find  it  hard 
to  accept  them  as  fiction  if  the  author 
had  not  said  so  beforehand. 


diaries,  and  some  of  her  observations 
constitute  the  best  part  of  the  book. 
For  example:  ".  .  .  Chinese  is  not  a  good 
language  to  make  love  in.  At  least,  I 
do  not  find  it  so.  You  seem  to  get  to 
the  point  at  once.  And  then  what? 
Either  you  get  married  or  something, 
or  nothing  happens."  Or  again:  "I 
think  you  have  to  be  very  young  and 
alone  in  the  world  to  know  what  kind- 
ness means." 

There  are  pungent  and  delightful  ob- 
servations on  China  and  the  Chinese 
people  throughout  the  book.  The  fol- 
lowing has  to  do  with  Chinese  writing: 


sU  If  If  AN     I  HLA  I  tK  Paul   Posz  Presents  by 

GREAT  CHINESE  COMEDY  SPECTACLE  Merle  Armitage 

&  Morns  Gest 

Lady  Precious  Stream 

IN  ENGLISH  •  COSTUMES  AND  EFFECTS  BY  MEI   LAN-FANG 

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-Mail   Orders   Now — ORdway  4400 


"Kuniang  speaks  Chinese  much  better 
than  I  do,  having  learned  it  as  a  child. 
But  she  never  studied  the  characters,  or 
the  philosophy  underlying  them.  Yet 
these  give  charm  and  fascination  to  the 
written  language.  That  one  woman  un- 
der a  roof  should  represent  'peace,'  two 
women  under  a  roof  'discord,'  and  three 
women  under  a  roof  'gossip,'  offers  con- 
clusive evidence  of  an  ancient  wisdom." 

"Do  you  know  about  the  Chinese 
character  How  (good)  ?  It  has  many- 
meanings:  good  and  beautiful  and  happy 
and  auspicious  and  true.  Indeed,  How 
corresponds  to  all  that  is  best  in  the 
world.  And  it  is  interesting  to  see  how 
the  Chinese  have  worked  out  the  ideo- 
gram that  expresses  this  thought.  What 
are  the  radicals  that  make  up  so  great 
a  meaning?  They  are  Nu  and  Die,  a 
woman  and  a  baby,  a  mother  with  her 
child.  There  is  nothing  more  beautiful 
in  the  world." 

The  sketches  also  abound  in  descrip- 
tions of  many  of  Peking's  beautiful  spots, 
such  as  the  altar  of  Heaven,  the  remains 
of  the  summer  palace,  and  the  Western 
Hills.  And  through  them  all  breathes 
the  atmosphere  of  Peking,  the  proud 
capital  of  a  once  proud  country.  Like 
Kipling's  England,  Peking  has  all  the 
air  and  the  smell  of  "an  immemorial 
civilization."  And  Signor  Vare,  having 
lived  there  for  many  years  as  a  diplomat, 
has  caught  something  of  its  ageless 
spirit  and  has  communicated  something 
of   it   in   his   latest   volume. 


The  cautious  seldom  err. — Confucius. 


SENATOR  GETS  ANNUAL  GIFT 
FROM  CHINESE  FOR  30  YEARS 

Washington,  D.  C. — The  aphorism 
that  a  Chinese  never  forgets  is  well  illus- 
trated by  a  story  recently  revealed  by  Sen- 
ator James  E.  Murray  of  Montana. 

In  1901,  when  Mr.  Murray  had  just 
passed  the  Montana  bar  examination,  a 
court  named  him  to  defend  a  Chinese 
held  on  a  murder  charge. 

Mr.  Murray's  defense  was  good  and 
the  Chinese  was  acquitted.  Without 
money,  the  Chinese  could  only  offer  his 
gratitude  and  the  incident  was  closed  as 
far  as  the  young  lawyer  was  concerned. 
But  at  Christmas  a  few  years  later  Mr. 
Murray  received  a  box  of  gifts  from  the 
Chinese,  who  explained  that  he  had  be- 
come a  merchant  in  San  Francisco  and 
was  prospering.  And  every  Christmas 
(Continued  on  p.  12.  col.  1) 


January,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


THE    JADE    BOX 


P'ing  Yu 


THE  REAL  JAPAN 

It  was  Dr.  Hu  Shih  who  taught  us  the 
immortality  of  the  "Three  W's,"  of 
Worth,  Work,  and  Words.  About  the 
last  named  there  should  be  no  argument 
as,  once  words  are  spoken,  they  are 
bound  to  live  on  and,  may  I  add,  lustier 
than  ever,  especially  in  the  mouths  of 
women. 

It  was  also  Dr.  Shih  who  taught  us 
to  know  the  real  Japan.  He  had  in  turn 
learned  it  from  others.  One  of  these  was 
Freda  Utley,  an  able  English  economist 
whose  words  have  many  times  been  put 
into  print.  In  her  book,  "Japan's  Feet  of 
Clay,"  published  a  year  ago,  she  says 
some  very  pertinent  things  about  the  real 
Japan  which  are  quite  surprising  to  most 
of  us.  I  should  like  to  pass  some  of  these 
facts  on  to  you  just  in  case  you're  too 
busy  to  read  what  Miss  Utley  has  to  say 
for  yourself. 

Didn't  you  think  the  Japanese  people 
were  pretty  smart  when  they  won  for 
their  nation  first  power  rating  within  the 
short  period  of  sixty  years  and  the  repu- 
tation of  being  the  most  efficient,  the  most 
polite,  the  most  loyal,  industrious,  and 
courageous  people  on  earth?  Well,  the 
truth  is,  that's  all  external — forced  on  the 
people  by  their  ruling  plutocrats  to  im- 
press the  Western  nations.  Let  us  lift  the 
lid  and  peer  into  the  Japanese  mind  in  the 
making  and  get  a  glimpse  of  the  true 
picture. 

The  Japanese  common  people  are  in- 
deed a  pathetic  lot.  Duped  from  child- 
hood by  superstition  and  an  absurd  myth 
of  a  divine  ruling  house,  they  are  goose- 
stepped  into  false  and  contradictory  con- 
cepts of  life.  In  spite  of  a  national  con- 
stitution patterned  after  Western  models 
(again  to  impress  the  foreigner)  the 
Japanese  people  are  not  ruled  by  law  but 
by  arbitrary  force.  The  most  elementary 
civil  rights  as  we  know  and  enjoy  them 
are  denied  the  Japanese.  All  views  on 
equality,  liberty,  Westernization,  emanci- 
pation of  women  and  all  signs  of  liberal- 
ism are  condemned  and  suppressed  as 
radicalism  or  "dangerous  thinking." 
Severe  means  of  repression  have  led  to 
strict  censorship,  arbitrary  mass  arrests, 
suppression  and  omission  of  news  "detri- 
mental" to  Japan,  of  foreign  literature, 
and  of  Western  philosophies  and  theories 
of  life.  This  savage  repression  of  her  peo- 
ple has  resulted  in  stupid  uniformity  of 
thought  and  action.  Maintained  by  ter- 
ror and  force,  Japan's  ruling  class  has 
been  able  to  propagandize  and  mobilize 


the  masses  to  walk  the  plank,  as  it  were, 
for  them. 

"We  have  also  been  made  to  believe 
that  Japan  is  a  first-class  industrial  power. 
But  Freda  Utley  says  otherwise.  By  charts 
and  tables,  she  shows  up  Japan's  lack  of 
coal,  iron,  and  oil,  the  "bread  and  butter" 
of  industry.  And  her  one  most  important 
export  is  raw  silk  which  she  sells  mainly 
to  the  United  States.  Without  money 
which  she  obtains  from  the  United  States 
for  her  silk,  she  would  be  unable  to  buy 
raw  cotton  for  her  principal  industry,  her 
raw  materials  for  her  cheap  manufactures, 
and  above  all,  her  armaments  which  she 
loves  to  brandish  over  the  heads  of  in- 
nocent people.  Silk,  then,  is  the  founda- 
tion of  her  national  economy.  The  in- 
come of  the  majority  of  her  peasants  is 
obtained  from  silk  and  Japan's  national 
capital  accumulations  are  dependent  upon 
the  American  silk  market.  Besides,  Japan 
has  a  lopsided  and  distressing  agrarian 
problem  which  is  the  fundamental  source 
of  her  economic  weakness,  a  precarious 
financial  set-up  and  an  enormous  and 
mounting  national  debt.  Moreover,  she 
now  spends  all  her  available  resources  on 
expenditures  for  war  instead  of  on  in- 
ternal development  and  the  alleviation  of 
her  domestic  troubles. 

The  real  Japan,  then,  is  a  country  of 
half-starved  peasants  and  industrial  slaves 
who  are  suffering  from  untold  oppression. 
Coupled  with  her  program  of  thought 
control  in  the  schools  and  the  limiting  of 
students  in  the  universities  and  other  in- 
tolerable restrictions  there  is  a  prevailing 
fear  psychoisis  among  the  populace.  The 
sentiments  of  loyalty  and  obedience  man- 
ufactured wholesale  by  fear  and  compul- 
sion tend  to  create  a  dangerous  social 
tension  and  revolutionary  ferment.  Thus, 
despite  her  imperialistic  ambitions  and 
propensity  for  war,  Japan  is  actually 
more  vulnerable  than  she  realizes.  Her 
only  claim  to  strength  lies  in  her  sword 
and  in  an  excessive  amount  of  intesti- 
nal fortitude.  Without  mincing  her 
words,  Freda  Utley  tells  us  that  Japan  is 
but  a  blustering  bully — a  Colossus  on  feet 
of  clay — extremely  unstable  socially,  po- 
litically, financially,  and  economically. 
She  further  blasts  Japan's  theory  of  over- 
population and  her  need  for  more  terri- 
tory and  raw  materials  which  she  could 
well  afford  to  buy  if  she  didn't  spend  all 
her  money  on  armaments. 

To  cover  up  her  seething  cauldron  of 
misery,  injustice,  social  hatreds,  and  other 
domestic  difficulties  which  they  refuse  to 


GAI  JOOK 
(Chicken  Gruel) 

For  cold  weather,  warm  food.  Why, 
of  course,  that  goes  without  saying!  And 
the  best  part  about  serving  Gai  Jook  or, 
for  that  matter,  any  kind  of  Jook  on  a 
chilly,  foggy  San  Francisco  evening  is: 
you  can  prepare  it  hours  ahead  of  time, 
and  be  the  perfect  hostess  that  you  no 
doubt  are.  When  you  decide  on  Jook  for 
refreshments — or  shall  I  say  re-warm- 
ment? — you  can  rest  assured  that  you  will 
have  your  chance  to  win  the  bridge  prize 
of  the  evening,  too — (although  it  would 
not  be  exactly  good  etiquette  to  win  one's 
own  prize!) 

The  usual  consistency  in  serving  a  party 
of  12  is  one  and  one-half  bowls  of  rice 
to  six  quarts  of  water.  This  varies  con- 
siderably depending  on  the  individual 
taste.  After  your  first  experience,  you 
should  be  able  to  judge  accordingly. 

During  a  spare  moment  in  the  day, 
the  rice  may  be  cleaned.  Season  with 
half  a  teaspoon  of  salt  and  a  few  drops 
of  cooked  peanut  oil,  which  any  good 
cook  of  Chinese  food  should  have  handy. 
Let  the  rice  stand  until  you  are  ready 
to  start  the  Jook  cooking,  or,  at  least  for 
half  an  hour.  My  dear  ladies,  these  few 
drops  of  oil  and  half  teaspoon  of  salt 
mean  the  making  or  unmaking  of  your 
Jook. 

Clean  a  two  and  one-half  pound  chick- 
en. Put  in  kettle  of  four  quarts  of  boiled, 
salted  water.  Simmer  for  15  minutes. 
Remove  from  kettle.  Be  sure  to  save 
stock.  When  chicken  cools,  bone  and 
dice. 

Four  hours  before  serving  time,  add 
two  quarts  of  cold  water  to  seasoned  rice, 
(Continued  on  p.  18,  col.  1) 

solve,  Japan's  militarist  rulers  find  for- 
eign aggression  a  useful  smoke  screen. 
With  false  promises  of  a  new  deal  for 
all  through  added  territory  and  more 
abundant  resources,  they  are  regimenting 
the  Japanese  masses,  none  too  intelligent 
and  lacking  in  initiative  and  morale,  into 
automatons,  circumscribed  in  movement, 
kept  ignorant  and  brutalized  to  scatter 
wretchedness  and  to  disturb  the  peace  and 
well-being  of  a  world  that  is  already  war- 
weary. 

Now  someone  should  pass  the  word  on 
to  the  poor  Japanese  people  to  get  wise 
to  themselves  before  it  is  too  late. 


^ 


Page    10 


CHINESE     D IGEST 


January,    1938- 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim   P.  Lee 


SAN  P&ANCISCO  CHINATOWN'S  SOCIAL  PROBLEMS 


In  the  midst  of  our  fever  of  patriotism 
for  our  mother  country  across  the  Pacific, 
we  tend  to  forget  the  social  needs  on  our 
front  door.  While  not  minimizing  the 
needs  of  China  in  her  critical  crisis,  it 
is  well  for  us  to  direct  some  of  our  think- 
ing back  to  the  social  problems  of  the 
community,  for  many  Americans  and 
foreign  tourists  get  their  first  impression 
of  China  from  San  Francisco's  famed 
Chinatown.  As  a  place  where  most  of 
the  population  will  make  their  homes 
for  their  lifetime,  and  as  an  introduction 
to  China  and  the  Chinese  people,  we 
cannot  neglect  the  social  problems  of 
the  community  long  and  yet  not  pay 
the  price   for  our  negligence. 

Social  workers  in  a  discussion  recently 
agreed  that  five  of  the  pressing  problems 
of  the  community  at  the  present  are, 
(1)  an  adequate  housing  program  for 
the  Chinese  families,  (2)  a  dormitory 
for  working  girls  and  single  women,  (3) 
a  non-sectarian  social  center  for  the 
youths  of  the  community,  (4)  a  Chinese 
cultural  institution  for  mature  stu- 
dents, and  (5)  a  vocational  guidance 
bureau  and  employment  service  for  the 
American-born  Chinese.  Though  in  the 
minds  of  many  there  are  more  problems 
than  these,  yet  for  the  sake  of  discussion 
these  five  are  mentioned,  and  readers  are 
welcome  to  write  to  this  department  and 
express  their  views. 

Adequate  Housing 

There  is  a  very  serious  need  for  a 
low-cost  housing  program  for  the  fami- 
lies in  the  community.  The  congestion 
in  Chinatown  has  so  aroused  the  ire 
of  the  social  welfare  and  public  health  of- 
ficials that  many  of  the  tenement  houses 
have  been  legally  condemned  and  the 
tenants   forced   to   vacate   the   premises. 


NEW  YEAR'S 

GREETINGS 

from    the 

CHARM  BEAUTY  SALON 

850  Jackson  St.              San  Francisco 

CHina  0202 

As  many  as  eight  to  ten  members  of  one 
family  have  been  reported  to  be  living 
in  a  single  room  without  bathing  or 
cooking  facilities  other  than  public  lava- 
tories and  community  kitchens.  This 
is  a  challenge  to  the  social  conscience 
of  any  enlightened  community.  One 
cannot  be  harsh  on  the  tenants  because 
there  are  many  factors  involved  which 
resulted  in  such  a  congestion.  Low  in- 
come is  a  chief  one,  residential  restrictions 
outside  the  immediate  boundaries  of 
Chinatown  being  another;  the  self-interest 
of  the  landlords,  the  convenience  to 
community  facilities  such  as  restaurants 
grocery  stores,  shops,  and  the  nearness 
to  kinsmen  and  friends  are  some  of  the 
lesser  social  factors  for  the  congestion. 
Now  that  the  public  health  officials  mean 
business  in  closing  up  the  tenement 
houses,  and  if  there  is  no  adequate  hous- 
ing program,  congestion  will  result  in 
other  areas  of  the  community  soon.  After 
all,  there  are  15,000  people  in  Chinatown 
that  have  to  be  housed,  and  if  they  can't 
be  housed  decently,  they  will  be  housed 
undecently. 

The  solution  of  the  housing  problem 
does  not  lie  in  legal  condemnation.  How- 
ever, if  there  were  no  condemnation,  there 
would  not  be  the  attention  given  to 
housing  today.  The  people  will  be  con- 
tented to  live  in  laissez-faire  style.  Now 
that  condemnation  is  actively  under  way 
there  must  be  a  program  to  take  care 
of  those  who  are  being  turned  out  of 
their  homes.  The  Wagner-Steagall  bill 
as  passed  by  the  last  regular  session  of 
Congress  might  be  a  solution,  but  Cali- 
fornia has  yet  to  pass  enabling  housing 
legislations,  and  it  is  a  question  if  the 
Chinese  can  get  the  backing  of  the  mu- 
nicipal authorities  for  a  low-cost  housing 
project   for   Chinatown. 

The  Wagner-Steagall  Bill 

The  Wagner-Steagall  bill  as  passed 
by  Congress  was  not  the  hope  of  the 
better  housing  enthusiasts  of  the  country. 
There  is  no  provision  for  the  establish- 
ment of  local  housing  projects  directly 
by  Federal  funds.  In  other  words  the 
Federal  government  cannot  build  model 
housing  projects  from  the  funds  provided 
in  that  bill.  The  municipalities  must 
match  15%  of  the  funds  advanced  by  the 
Federal  government,  and  the  latter  sum 
must  be  repaid  to  the  Federal  government 


in  a  stated  amount  of  time.  Further- 
more, Governor  Merriam  did  not  sign 
the  bill  passed  by  the  California  legis- 
lature to  take  advantage  of  the  funds 
provided  for  in  the  Wagner-Steagall  bill. 
This  housing  bill  is  better  than  none, 
however,  and  the  governor  is  contemplat- 
ing calling  a  special  session  of  the  legis- 
lature to  pass  some  housing  legislation. 

The  social  welfare  and  public  health 
officials  of  this  city  have  worked  hard  to 
get  the  tenement  houses  condemned  and 
the  tenants  to  vacate.  Will  they  work  as 
hard  to  get  a  low-cost  housing  project 
for  Chinatown  when  the  California  leg- 
islature passes  some  enabling  housing 
legislation  which  will  match  appropria- 
tions of  the  Federal  government  now 
available  for  better  housing?  Condemna- 
tion is  but  a  negative  procedure  toward 
better  housing,  while  an  adequate  hous- 
ing program  and  the  construction  of  some 
low-cost  residence  buildings  are  positive 
actions  toward  better  housing  in  China- 
town. 

A  Girls'   Dormitory 

While  the  housing  needs  of  the  girls 
and  single  women  are  not  as  pressing  as 
those  of  the  Chinese  families,  there  is  a 
very  definite  problem  for  the  girls  to 
find  adequate  places  to  live.  There  is 
only  one  girls'  dormitory  in  the  com- 
munity and  it  has  a  long  waiting  list. 
There  are  two  girls'  homes,  but  while 
they  welcome  tenants,  the  girls  hardly 
consider  that  as  a  solution  to  their  hous- 
ing problems.  This  project  is  not  on  such 
a  large  scale  as  a  low-cost  residence  build- 
ing for  families,  and  could  be  easily  met 
by  private  capital.  A  centrally  located 
hotel  or  rooming  house  modernized  into 
dormitory  rooms  with  housekeeping  fa- 
cilities will  solve  this  problem  for  the 
working  girls  and  single  women.  Another 
solution  would  be  to  consider  this  project 
with  the  low-cost  residence  buildings  for 
families  and  build  them  with  public  funds 
simultaneously. 

There  are  three  social  centers  for  the 
young  people  in  the  community  todav. 
but  each  one  of  them  falls  short  of  the 
community's  needs.  What  the  commun- 
ity wants  is  a  non-sectarian  social  center 
and  a  social  program  directed  by  trained 
social  workers.  Chinatown  does  not  lack 
the  buildings  nor  the  physical  facilities. 
(Continued  on  p.  IS,  col.  1) 


\ 


January,    1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page    1 1 


CHINATOWNIA 


RELIEF  CAMPAIGN  OVER 
HALF  WAY  MARK 

San  Francisco — One  month  after  the 
China  War  Relief  association  launched 
its  second  campaign  for  $2,000,000  Chi- 
nese money,  the  half  way  mark  had 
already  been  reached.  With  an  executive 
committee  of  41  directing  the  campaign, 
and  supported  by  91  fraternal,  commer- 
cial, district,  clan,  church,  political,  and 
social  organizations  of  the  community, 
the  WRA  volunteers  not  only  contacted 
each  individual  Chinatown  citizen  for 
contributions,  but  also  made  trips  to  out- 
lying towns  and  cities.  Contributions  also 
poured  in  from  various  California  cities 
and  cities  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico. 

On  Dec.  27,  exactly  one  month  after 
this  campaign  started,  over  $1,000,000 
Chinese  had  been  received  by  the  WRA 
from  more  than  25,000  individuals,  three 
per  cent  of  which  came  from  Amer- 
ican sources.  Largest  individual  Chinese 
contributions  came  from  Jue  Yue  of 
Stockton  and  Lee  Haw  Wah  of  Mon- 
terey, each  of  whom  gave  $10,000  Chi- 
nese. The  $10,000  given  by  the  latter 
represented  his  life  savings. 

Most  of  the  relief  funds  are  sent  by 
telegraphic  transfer  to  the  Ministry  of 
Finance  of  the  national  government  and 
the  Kwangtung  provincial  government. 
Medical  supplies,  purchased  through  the 
relief  funds,  are  mostly  sent  to  the  Inter- 
national Red  Cross  at  Shanghai,  while 
inner  garments  for  wounded  soldiers  and 
old  clothes  for  refugees  are  distributed 
to  Shanghai,  Hankow,  and  Canton.  More 
than  10,000  garments  for  soldiers  and 
100  boxes  of  old  clothing  have  been  dis- 
patched. 

The  China  War  Relief  association  is 
located  at  843  Stockton  street,  and  all 
contributions  may  be  sent  there. 

o 

FAMED  JAPANESE  ARTIST  CON- 
TRIBUTES TO  CHINA'S  CAUSE 

New  York — One  day  last  month  the 
Chinese  Women's  Relief  association  here 
— most  influential  and  business-like  or- 
ganization of  its  kind  in  America  today 
— gave  a  benefit  tea  and  cocktail  party 
at  the  Park  Lane.  Those  who  attended 
were  Chinese  and  American  celebrities, 
rich  New  Yorkers.  Present  also  was  a 
Japanese  artist,  one  Isamu  Noguchi,  who 
offered  one  of  his  drawings  to  be  auc- 
tioned off  and  the  entire  proceeds  given 
for  war  relief.  There  was  also  a  fashion 
show  of  ancient  Chinese  costumes  pa- 
raded by  Miss  Mai-mai  Sze,  daughter  of 


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A  MANCHU  PRINCESS  AIDS  REPUBLICAN  CHINA 
Recently,  in  Los  Angeles,  Princess  Der  Ling  presented  o  pageant  of  Chinese  imperial  court 
life  of  the  Manchu  regime  to  raise  funds  for  refugee  relief  work  in  China.  The  program  was 
held  at  the  Ambassador  hotel  and  netted  U.  S.  $1,000.  Princess  Der  Ling  is  shown  handing 
the  check  for  that  amount  to  James  Zee-Min  Lee.  Mr.  Lee  is  a  member  of  the  recently 
opened  Chinese  Centre  art  studio  (see  story  elsewhere  in  this  issue),  a  Shokespeareon  scholar, 
and  was  a  technical  adviser  in  the  filming  of  the  "Good  Earth." 

The  funds  raised  by  Princess  Der  Ling  were  sent  to  the  Red  Cross  society  in  Shanghoi  for 
relief  work. 


Alfred  Sao-ke  Sze,  former  Chinese  am- 
bassador to  the  U.  S.,  and  the  raffling  of 
a  five-passenger  Buick  sedan.  Other  art 
objects  donated  by  Chinese  merchants  for 
auctioning  were  a  Ch'ing  dynasty  vase 
and  a  Chien  Lung  tree  of  amethyst,  lapis 
lazuli,  and  jade. 

When  the  time  came  for  the  auction- 
ing of  Isamu  Noguchi's  drawing,  which 
depicted  a  Chinese  woman  nursing  her 
child,  a  prominent  Chinese  merchant,  K. 
C.  Li,  bid  $70.  Then  he  offered  to  triple 
the  bid  if  the  artist  would  explain  why 
he,  a  Japanese-American,  chose  to  aid 
China's  cause.  The  artist,  embarrassed, 
nevertheless  complied,  pointing  out  hu- 
manity's artistic  debt  to  China  and  said 
at  the  end:  "I  give  this  drawing  as  my 
way  of  showing  the  world  that  not  all 
Japanese  are  militaristic." 

Then  the  raffle  for  the  automobile  was 
held.  Into  a  huge  transparent  jar  con- 
(Continued  on  p.  18,  col.  3) 


Clu+ieAe   Aeut   1/eaA! 

Place  your  Orders  in  Advance 
For  Special  Chinese  New  Year 

CAKES 


No  extra  charge  for  deliveries 

We  Specialize  in  Chinese   and 
American  Wedding  Cakes 


FDnG^FariG 

B  A  H  E  R  V  ^B§f  [REBRIERV 

■  24  crbiii  hue.        tHinn   1010 

fan  FRunusco 


Poge   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINESE  ART  STUDIO 
OPENS  IN  L  A. 

Los  Angeles — The  Chinese  Centre, 
an  art  studio  located  at  8827  Sunset 
boulevard,  Hollywood,  has  been  opened 
by  James  Zee-Min  Lee,  Honorable  Wu, 
Chinese  actor,  and  Louis  Vincenot.  An 
elaborate  reception  was  held  at  the  open- 
ing at  which  time  Princess  Der  Ling, 
■who  recently  raised  U.  S.  $1,000  by  a 
Chinese  pageant,  presented  the  fund  to 
Mr.  Lee  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Red 
Cross  in  Shanghai. 

Assisting  the  hosts  at  the  reception 
were  Soo  Yong,  Bessie  Lo,  Mrs.  Law- 
rence Daingerfield  and  K.  Ethel  Hill. 
Among  the  prominent  guests  were  Consul 
and  Mrs.  T.  K.  Chang,  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Rufus  Von  Kleinsmid,  Jessie  Ralph, 
Frances  Marion,  William  Powell,  Kay 
Francis,  Harold  Lloyd,  Lew  Ayres,  Alex- 
ander Toluboff,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Everett 
Mattoon,  and  Judges  Charles  Fricke, 
Elliot  Craig,   and  O.   K.   Morton. 

SENATOR  GETS  ANNUAL  GIFT 
FROM  CHINESE  FOR  30  YEARS 

(Continued  from  page  8) 
since,  for  thirty  years,  Senator  Murray 
has  been  receiving  a  box  of  finery  from 
the  man  whom  he  once  helped  without 
any  expectation  of  payment.  As  to  the 
name  of  this  grateful  celestial,  only  the 
Senator  knows,  and  he  won't  tell. 


Who   heeds  not   the   future   will   find 
sorrow  near  at  hand. — Confucius. 


Serve 

BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at    your    next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW  CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

820  Pacific  Ave.       DOuglas  0547 
San  Francisco,  California 


KUOMINTANG  IN  THE  U.  S. 
UNDERGOES  RE-ADJUSTMENT 

San  Francisco — A  new  Kuomintang 
(Nationalist  Party)  Headquarters  was 
established  here  at  827  Sacramento  street, 
Dec.  4,  with  the  installation  of  special 
commissioners  appointed  by  the  central 
executive  committee  of  the  Kuomintang 
in  China.  According  to  a  spokesman,  this 
step  marked  a  new  era  of  unity  of  Kuo- 
mintang affairs  in  the  United  States. 

His  Excellency  C.  T.  Wang,  Chinese 
ambassador  to  the  U.  S.,  who  was  desig- 
nated by  the  Kuomintang  central  com- 
mittee to  witness  the  swearing  of  the  the 
oath  of  office,  was  unable  to  attend,  and 
Dr.  Kalfred  Dip  Lum,  special  envoy  from 
China,  acted  in  his  stead.  Among  those 
present  at  the  installation  were  Chen  You- 
foon,  member  of  the  Kuomintang  central 
committee,  and  Consul-General  C.  C. 
Huang.  Congratulatory  messages  were 
received  from  the  four  regional  and  fifty 
local  branches  of  the  party  in  America. 

The  establishment  of  this  new  head- 
quarters came  at  a  time  when  cooperation 
and  unity  among  Kuomintang  members 
in  this  country  was  imperative  because  of 
the  invasion  of  China  by  Japan.  Nomi- 
nally there  is  only  one  Kuomintang,  but 
all  political-minded  overseas  Chinese 
know  that  during  the  past  decade  Kuo- 
mintang members  in  the  U.  S.  were  di- 
vided into  three  factions,  the  Rightists, 
Leftists,  and  Centralists.  The  split  was 
due  to  political  misunderstandings  and 
the  personal  interests  of  certain  members 
affiliated  with  certain  political  leaders  in 
China  with  different  political  concepts. 
Each  of  the  three  groups  had  its  own 
newspaper  organ  in  San  Francisco,  Chi- 
cago, and  New  York,  and  each  denounced 
the  others  at  various  times  coincident  with 
the  shifting  winds  of  politics  in  China. 

Realizing  that  these  factions  may  in 
time  become  irreconcilable  and  thus  even- 
tually split  the  party,  the  Kuomintang 
central  executive  committee  made  several 
attempts  previously  by  sending  envoys 
here  to  unify  the  groups.  These  attempts 
all  failed  until  last  September  when  Dr. 
Kalfred  Dip  Lum  was  sent  here  with  full 
authority  to  adjust  Kuomintang  affairs  in 
this  country.  The  choice  of  envoy  this 
time  was  a  good  one  since  Dr.  Lum  had 
investigated  overseas  Chinese  affairs  in 
several  countries  and  had  sufficient  ex- 
perience to  enable  him  to  handle  his  latest 
problem. 

The  time  element  was  with  Dr.  Lum, 
for  when  he  arrived  here  the  present  Sino- 
Japanese  conflict  was  in  full  swing,  and 


the  need  for  political  and  fraternal  unity 
of  the  75,000  Chinese  in  this  country  was 
all  too  evident.  Swiftly  the  Kuomintang 
factions  came  together  and  agreed  to  unite 
and  forget  past  grievances.  A  new  head- 
quarters was  decided  on  and  six  other 
commissioners  besides  Dr.  Lum  were 
chosen  to  direct  the  coalition.  They  are: 
Wong  Goon  Dick,  Wong  Hung  Jee, 
Chun  Pee  King,  Peter  Foon  Ng,  Kwong 
Yeu  Poo,  and  Ma  Din  Yee. 

Wong  Goon  Dick  is  a  leading  member 
of  the  Wong  family  association,  the  Ning 
Young  society,  the  Bing  Kung  society, 
etc.,  and  also  an  adviser  to  the  local 
Chinese  consulate. 

Wong  Hung  Jee  is  a  member  of  the 
Commission  of  Overseas  Chinese  Affairs 
of  the  national  government  who  returned 
to  San  Francisco  with  Dr.  Lum.  He  was 
formerly  president  of  the  Young  China 
daily  newspaper  and  head  of  the  former 
Kuomintang  main  office  here  for  many 
years. 

Chun  Pee  King  is  president  of  the  Kuo 
Min  Yat  Bo  daily  newspaper  and  was 
head  of  the  former  Kuomintang  office  in 
Oakland.  He  is  a  veteran  Kuomintang 
member. 

Peter  Foon  Ng,  who  also  returned  here 
in  September  in  the  company  of  Dr.  Lum, 
has  served  as  chairman  of  the  Six  Com- 
panies, the  Young  Wo  association,  the 
Gee  Tuck  Sam  Tuck  association,  etc.  He 
is  also  adviser  to  the  local  Chinese  consu- 
late. 

Kwong  Yeu  Poo  is  president  of  the 
Young  China  daily  newspaper  and  was 
president  of  the  United  Chinese  Society 
of  Sacramento  for  many  years. 

Ma  Din  Yee  is  editor  of  the  Kuo  Min 
Yat  Bo  and  a  counsellor  to  the  local  Chi- 
nese consulate. 

With    the    establishment    of    the    new 

headquarters,  the  two  old  main  offices  at 

843    Stockton    street    here    and    at    9th 

street  in  Oakland,  were  eliminated.  How- 

(Continued  on  p.  18,  col.  3) 


<4  Ait 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


V 


January,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   13 


CHINATOWNIA 


Dr.  Kalfred  Dip  Lum 
Political    Scientist    and    University    Professor 

HAWAIIAN-BORN  CHINESE 
SERVES  AMERICA  AND  CHINA 

(A  biographical  sketch) 
Few  second  generation  Chinese  in 
America  can  equal  the  long  record  of  aca- 
demic, educational,  and  political  achieve- 
ments made  by  38-year-old  Honolulu- 
born  Dip  Lum,  in  the  short  space  of  two 
decades.  He  has  not  only  served  his  coun- 
trymen well  in  his  native  Hawaii,  but  also 
the  rising  Republic  of  China.  In  the  for- 
mer he  worked  mainly  in  the  field  of  edu- 
cation, while  in  the  latter  he  was  also  an 
educator  and  a  man  of  politics.  His  cur- 
rent post  is  that  of  special  envoy  from 
China  charged  with  the  duty  of  unifying 
Kuomintang  affairs  in  the  United  States. 
(See  "Kuomintang  Affairs  in  U.  S.  Re- 
adjusted," elsewhere  in  this  issue.) 

Born  in  Honolulu  on  Christmas  day, 
1899,  Dr.  Lum  struggled  for  an  educa- 
tion. After  graduating  from  the  Jackson 
Chinese  Institute  in  1917,  he  started  his 
career  as  a  school  teacher  by  founding  the 
Min  Hon  Chinese  school  and  was  its 
principal  from  1920  to  1922.  He  attended 
the  University  of  Hawaii  at  the  same 
time,  and  was  the  first  student  to  receive 
the  A.  B.  degree  from  that  institution  in 
1922.  In  that  year  he  also  held  the  post 
of  Commissioner  of  Chinese  Schools  of 
the  Territory  of  Hawaii.  In  August, 
1922,  he  went  to  the  mainland  to  study 
at  Columbia  university,  and  received  his 
M.  A.  in  political  science  there  the  fol- 
lowing   year.     From    1923    to    1925    he 


studied  law  at  New  York  university  and 
was  awarded  the  Ph.D.  degree  in  govern- 
ment and  international  law  by  that  insti- 
tution in  1926. 

Returning  to  Hawaii  in  1926  he  was  in- 
vited to  join  the  faculty  of  the  University 
of  Hawaii  as  instructor  in  political  sci- 
ence. In  1928  he  made  a  goodwill  lecture 
tour  to  Japan,  China,  and  the  Philippines, 
and  on  his  return  was  advanced  to  pro- 
fessorship at  the  University  of  Hawaii. 
At  the  same  time  he  became  chairman 
and  executive  secretary  of  the  Divisional 
Headquarters  of  the  Kuomintang  in  Ha- 
waii and  concurrently  served  as  presi- 
dent of  the  United  Chinese  News,  Kuo- 
mintang organ. 

In  1931  Dr.  Lum  went  to  China  as 
Hawaii's  Chinese  delegate  to  the  National 
People's  congress  to  draft  the  provisional 
constitution  for  China.  In  September  of 
the  same  year  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Overseas  Chinese  commission  and  con- 
currently served  as  visiting  professor  at 
Hangchow  Christian  college. 

In  1933  he  was  appointed  special  envoy 
to  inspect  Kuomintang  and  overseas  Chi- 
nese affairs  in  Hawaii,  United  States, 
Mexico,  Cuba,  and  Central  and  South 
American  countries.  From  1933  to  1934 
he  was  visiting  professor  of  government 
and  international  relations  at  New  York 
university,  his  alma  mater,  and  also  lec- 
tured at  Princeton,  Union,  Syracuse,  and 
other  universities. 

In  September,  1934,  Dr.  Lum  was  made 
head  of  the  department  of  public  admin- 
istration of  Chiaotung  university,  Shang- 
hai. In  the  summer  of  1935  he  was  ap- 
pointed special  envoy  to  inspect  Kuomin- 
tang and  overseas  Chinese  affairs  again, 
this  time  in  the  Dutch  East  Indies,  British 
Straits  Settlement,  and  Siam.  In  Novem- 
ber of  the  same  year  he  was  selected  by 
the  Fifth  Kuomintang  congress  as  a  mem- 
ber of  its  presidium.  He  was  subsequently 
elected  a  member  of  the  Central  Executive 
committee,  highest  political  organ  of  the 
national  government,  At  present  he  is 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Overseas 
Party  Affairs  committee  of  the  Kuomin- 
tang and  a  technical  expert  of  the  Foreign 
Affairs  commission  of  the  Central  politi- 
cal council  of  the  national  government. 

Dr.  Lum  has  written  several  books  on 
law  and  government.  Five  of  them  are 
in  English,  viz.:  "The  Political  Influence 
of  the  Orientals  in  Hawaii,"  "The  Evolu- 
tion of  Government  in  Hawaii,"  "Out- 
(Continued  on  p.  14,  col.  3) 


"LADY  PRECIOUS 
STREAM"  AT  CURRAN 

San  Francisco — The  Morris  Gest  pro- 
duction of  the  Chinese  comedy  "Lady 
Precious  Stream,"  opened  at  the  Curran 
theater  Jan.  3  for  a  week's  run,  but  may 
be  extended  for  two  weeks.  Translated 
and  adapted  by  Dr.  S.  I.  Hsiung,  this 
play  ran  two  years  in  London  and  one 
year  in  New  York,  and  the  San  Francisco 
production  has  practically  all  the  princi- 
pals who  appeared  in  the  previous  ones. 

According  to  Clarence  Derwent,  who 
directs  and  acts  in  this  production,  the 
play  is  merely  an  Oriental  "Boy  Meets 


Lotus  Liu,  who  enacts  the  heroine  Lady  Pre- 
cious Stream  in  S.  I.  Hsiung's  translation  of 
the  old  Chinese  play  of  that  name,  currently 
playing  at  the  Curran  theater  week  of  Jan. 
3.  This  comedy  spectacle  has  played  two 
years  in   London   and  one  year  in  New  York. 

Girl."  It  has  "some  Confucian  philosophy, 
but  it  is  also  a  veritable  'Alice  in  Won- 
derland'!" 


WILL  KINGS 


rK0FFEE 
KUP 

i8'-1'  Ave,  e  Peary 

WHERE     FOOO 

is  so  oooo  /r 

MAKti  HUHOtK 
A  PIEASUREI 

Banquets 
BAyvhe^f232 


TAYLOR  STREET 

-MR.   MARKET 

MEETING  PIACE 
OF  HAPPY 
APPETITES' 

Plume. 
PRospect  6982 


Open  24  hours  a  day/ 


Poge    14 


CHINESE     D IGEST 


January,    1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


FIVE  OTHER  CHINATOWN 
BUILDINGS  CONDEMNED 

San  Francisco — Last  month  the  depart- 
ment of  public  health  succeeded  in  get- 
ting a  court  order  to  have  one  condemned 
Chinatown  tenement  building  vacated  as 
its  first  step  to  combat  bad  housing  in 
the  community.  (See  Chinese  Digest, 
Dec,  1937.)  Within  two  weeks  the 
health  department  served  further  warn- 
ings to  the  owners  of  six  other  tenement 
buildings  which  had  been  previously  con- 
demned, to  make  their  place  more  habit- 
able or  they  will  suffer  the  same  fate — 
court  orders  to  vacate. 


CHINESE  PROGRAM 
STAGED 

San  Francisco — As  their  contribution 
to  a  series  of  international  programs  in 
their  school,  the  Chinese  students  of  the 
girls'  high  school  here  presented  a  Chi- 
nese program  which  was  conceded  by 
many  members  of  the  faculty  as  the  best 
of  the  series.  A  classical  Chinese  dance, 
with  butterfly  harp  accompaniment,  and 
a  fashion  show  were  outstanding  items  in 
the  entertainment.  There  was  also  an 
exhibition  of  Chinese  jewelry,  procelain, 
and  tapestries  and  a  talk  on  old  and 
modern  China  by  Mrs.  H.  C.  Mei,  presi- 
dent of  the  Shanghai  Women's  associa- 
tion. Mary  Chin,  Helen  Foon,  Jessie 
Chin,  Lorraine  Low,  Thelma  Leong, 
Mabel  Kim,  Pearl  Wong,  and  Charlotte 
Jung  took  active  part  in  the  program. 


CHINESE  SCHOOL 
BUILDING  BEGUN 

Cleveland,  Miss.  —  Ground-breaking 
ceremonies  for  the  first  Chinese  commu- 
nity school  were  held  here  Nov.  21. 
More  than  a  year  ago  the  1500  Chinese 
in  the  state,  under  the  leadership  of  Rev. 
S.  Y.  Lee,  undertook  the  task  of  raising 
enough  money  to  build  a  school  of  their 
own  because  their  children,  numbering 
about  150,  were  without  American  educa- 
tion, due  to  legislative  discrimination. 
Months  ago  they  had  sufficient  funds  to 
start  building  a  school  of  their  own  in 
which  both  American  and  Chinese  educa- 
tion may  be  given.  Four  months  ago  a 
place  was  rented  to  serve  as  a  temporary 
school-house  until  the  real  school  is  com- 
pleted. (For  complete  details  of  this  in- 
teresting project,  see  Chinese  Digest, 
June,  1937,  p.  12.) 

ORGANIZATION  TO 
HELP  CHINA  FORMED 

San  Francisco — A  local  branch  of  the 
American  Friends  of  the  Chinese  People 
was  organized  here  Dec.  10,  with  Alex- 
ander Kaun,  professor  of  Slavic  lan- 
guages at  the  University  of  California, 
as  chairman.  The  organization,  which 
is  national  in  scope,  with  headquarters 
in  New  York  and  a  monthly  organ  called 
China  Today,  will  undertake  American 
civilian  aid  to  the  Chinese  people  in 
their  resistence  to  Japanese  aggression. 
More  than  100  members  were  enrolled 
at  the  initial  meeting. 


4fe*  9hxLuU4o4U  Ijcudk 

For  not  more  than  ten  young  men  and  women  with 
capital  ranging  from  $500  to  $5,000  the  Chinese  Trade 
And  Travel  Association  has  plans  for  safe  investment  and 
business  yielding  rapid  returns.  Write  us  a  letter  giving 
some  information  about  yourself. 

CHINESE  TRADE  AND  TRAVEL  ASSOCIATION 


Business  Department 
C   W.   Lee,  Manager 


868  Washington  St. 


San  Francisco,  Calif. 


CHINESE  AT  OLD  PEOPLE'S 
HOME  ENTERTAINED 

San  Francisco — Each  year  at  Yuletide 
the  members  of  the  Square  and  Circle, 
largest  of  local  Chinese  young  women's 
organizations,  visit  the  thirty  to  forty 
Chinese  inmates  at  the  Laguna  Honda 
home.  Usually  foodstuffs  are  distributed 
to  them,  accompanied  with  the  season's 
greetings.  Last  Christmas,  however, 
another  item  was  included  in  this  annual 
program.  Tiny  carol  singers,  trained  at 
the  Chinese  playground,  came  with  the 
club  members  and  sang  Christmas  melo- 
dies to  these  ancient  who  seldom  hear  the 
joyous  ring  of  children's  voices.  At  its 
conclusion  unrestrained  tears  rolled  down 
the  cheeks  of  many  of  the  men  as  they 
muttered  their  expressions  of  gratitude. 
Visibily  moved  also  were  the  visitors  as 
they  watched  the  mixed  emotions  on  the 
faces  of  the  inmates. 

The  Square  and  Circle  members  also 
visited  the  adult  and  children  patients  at 
the  S.  F.  County  Hospital,  distributing 
many  toys  to  the  latter. 

PRESS  AND  PERIODICAL 
LIBRARY  FORMED 

San  Francisco — A  "Chinese  Press  Li- 
brary," sponsored  by  the  China  War 
Relief  association  for  the  purpose  of 
obtaining  daily  accounts  and  periodical 
interpretation  of  the  present  Sino-Japa- 
nese  conflict  in  China,  has  been  formed 
here.  A  room  in  the  Chinese  Six  Com- 
panies has  been  set  aside  to  house  this 
library  and  an  initial  appropriation  has 
been  made  to  subscribe  to  such  publi- 
cations as  the  N.  Y.  Times,  Chicago 
Tribune,  U.  S.  Daily  News,  the  Chris- 
tian Monitor,  International  Conciliation, 
Amerasia,  Foreign  Affairs,  and  Current 
History. 

The  library  will  be  open  to  the  public; 
and  students,  lecturers,  and  friends  inter- 
ested in  Far  Eastern  affairs  are  invited 
to  make  use  of  it,  announced  Thomas 
W.  Chinn,  in  charge  of  the  library. 
Donations  of  clippings,  magazines  and 
subscriptions   will   be   welcome. 


HAWAIIAN-BORN  CHINESE 

(Continued  from  page  13) 
lines  of  Law,"  "Methods  of  Research  and 
Thesis  Writing,"  and  "Chinese  Govern- 
ment." In  Chinese  he  has  written  "Out- 
line of  Public  Administration."  Another, 
in  English,  "The  Government  of  the  City 
and  County  of  Honolulu."  was  co- 
authored  with  Robert  Littler  and  K.  C. 
Leebrick. 


V 


January,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   15 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 

Salutations  and  greetings  for  the  new 
year.  Let's  get  right  down  to  business 
because  it  is  one  of  my  new  year's  reso- 
lutions to  start  my  work  early.  What 
are  some  of  yours  and  how  many  have 
you   broken? 

The  S.  F.  football  team  left  L.  A. 
after  the  Rice  Bowl  game  with  love  in 
their  hearts,  laughter  in  their  eyes,  and 
lead  in  their  feet.  Love  in  their  hearts 
because  of  the  girls  they  met,  laughter 
because  of  the  fun,  and  lead  in  their 
feet  because  of  that  tough  game.  The 
L.  A.  boys  treated  them  royally  with 
lunch  at  Cliftons,  sight-seeing  at  20th 
Century  studios  where  they  gaped  at 
Keye  Luke  as  he  appeared  in  a  Shanghai 
war  picture,  dinner  in  Chinatown,  and  a 
banquet  in  honor  of  both  teams.  .  .  . 
The  victory  dance  honoring  the  S.  F. 
boys  was  held  in  the  beautiful  Diana  ball- 
room, with  music  by  Frank  Young's 
orchestra.  At  the  dance  the  girls  all 
asked  "Who  is  Marshall  Leong?"  .  .  . 
Marshall  is  the  17- year-old,  185  lb.  5 
feet  11  varsity  full  back  of  Mission  Hi. 
It  must  be  nice  to  be  a  football  hero 
because  I  noticed  oodles  and  oodles  of 
"love  and  kisses"  in  his  school  annual. 
.  .  .  Brother  Harding  was  like  a  magnet 
to  the  girls,  too.  He  is  varsity  guard 
at  Commerce  Hi  and  is  the  first  Chinese 
to  play  in  the  DeMolay  all  star  grid 
classic.  He  has  a  bronze  plaque  to  prove 
it,   too.    .    .    . 

Walter  Chew  came  out  of  a  huddle 
during  a  game  and  spotted  a  glamorous 
damsel  in  Row  F,  center  section,  seat  5, 
which  caused  him  to  fumble  in  the  next 
play  .  .  .  she  had  a  page  boy  bob,  wore 
a  bright  red  sweater  and  was  sheathed 
in  champagne  stockings.  .  .  .  Geo.  Wong, 
slashing  guard,  came  out  of  the  game 
with  a  nice  "shiner."  At  the  dance  he 
was  the  hero  to  the  girls  and  wound  up 
with  four  different  dates  for  the  next 
day.  To  save  himself  he  fled  L.  A.  that 
very  night!    .   .   . 

And  did  you  hear  the  "rebel"  L.  A. 
rooters?  They  cheered  for  S.  F.  with 
a    "Our    team    is    re-e-e-e-e-ed    hot!" 

Paul  Tom  and  Bealc  Wong  were 
plenty  tired  after  taking  care  of  the 
endless  details  of  arrangements.  They 
were  ably  assisted  by  honorary  Captains 
Bertha  Jan  and  Lillian  Kim  who  certainly 
had  the  boys  "going"  for  them   ...  a 


teammate  taught  husky  Willie  Wong 
two  dance  steps  the  nite  of  the  dance. 
That  nervy  gent  danced  all  through  the 
evening  tho  it  was  his  first  attempt!  .  .  . 
The  L.  A.  boys  are  planning  sweet 
revenge  when  they  invade  S.  F.  for  the 
second  of  the  Rice  Bowl  games  on  Sun- 
day, Feb.  6.  .  .  .  Their  forward  wall 
will  be  strengthened  by  a  trio  of  giant 
linesmen  who  were  unable  to  play  in  the 
first  game  because  of  their  school  regu- 
lations. They  are  Frank.  Dong,  195  lb. 
tackle  from  Belmont  Hi;  Don  Quon, 
170  pounder  and  best  snagger  on  the 
squad;  and  Allan  Dong,  194  pounder 
varsity  tackle  from  Lincoln  Hi  and  a 
demon  of  defence.  .  .  .  Other  classy 
gridders  who  will  be  in  top  form,  so  'tis 
reported,  are  Harry  Fong,  wing  man 
from  Santa  Barbara  state  college;  Kong 
Ho,  ex-Hawaiian  who  loves  to  kick  and 
run  barefooted;  fleet  and  swivel  hipped 
Powell  Lee  of  L.  A.  J.  C;  and  triple 
threat  Ted  Ung.  All-round  Bakersfield 
athlete  Caesar  Jung  hopes  to  point  to- 
ward a  win  in  the  coming  contest.  So 
does  the  S.  F.  team,  even  tho  it  has  been 
weakened  by  injuries  to  several  of  its 
stars.  A  victory  ball  has  been  tenta- 
tively arranged  to  honor  the  visiting  L.  A. 
players  after   the   game.   .   .   . 

The  long  awaited  opening  of  the  Chi- 
nese Penthouse  was  well  worth  waiting 
for.  Some  of  the  features  of  this  new 
place  are  the  sampan  orchestra  pit,  where 
the  Chinatown  Knights  hold  sway,  the 
dargon  bar  and  the  Lotus  Pong  dance 
floor.  At  the  opening  night  the  place 
was  packed  and  the  floor  show  consisted 
entirely  of  Chinese  talent  who  displayed 
their  wares.  Among  them  were  Dora 
Young  of  Hollywood,  songster  and  tap 
dancer;  May  Chinn  Lee,  soprani  and 
toe  dancer;  Bob  Lowe,  tap  dancing  bar- 
tender; and  Dudley  Lee,  melodious  vocal- 
ist. .  .  .  Baby  Dorothy  May  Yee,  4'/: 
year  old  O'Neill  Sisters  juvenile  guest 
starred  and  made  a  big  hit.  Her  rhumba 
number  for  Lt.  Governor  Geo.  Hatfield 
caused  the  crowd  to  clamor  for  more  .  .  . 
and  Taft  Chung  wowed  the  crowd  with 
a  rendition  of  "It's  a  Sin  to  Tell  a  Lie," 
in  Chinese.  .  .  .  Managers  of  the  pent- 
house are  Andrew  Wong  and  Roy  Lym. 
Cathay's  New  Year's  dance  attracted 
a  great  crowd,  as  it  always  does.  Gaiety 
and  merry  making  lasted  till  the  wee 
sma  hours.  ...  A  cheerful  greeting 
to  Violet  Chew  at  Weimar.  Did  you 
enjoy  the  radio  Santa  sent  you?  Altho 
(Continued  on  p.  17,  col.  1 ) 


OUR  READERS  WRITE 

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a  distinct  contribution  in  present- 
ing accurate  information  about  the 
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tributors have  analyzed  their  prob- 
lems with  scientific  accuracy  with- 
out becoming  involved  with  senti- 
mental descriptions.  Keep  up  the 
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tor, Hawaii  Chinese  Annual  and 
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born  Chinese.  Through  a  thought- 
ful friend  ...  I  became  acquainted 
with  the  Digest." — Miss  M.  B.  L., 
Elaine  Arkansas. 

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the  time." — Arthur  A.  Young, 
Editor,  Chinese  Christian  Student 
Bulletin,  New  York. 

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much  I  enjoy  reading  the  Digest. 
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where  there  are  just  a  handful  of 
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yet) — well,  you  can  imagine  how 
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news." — Miss  D.  A.  L.,  McKenzic, 
Tennessee. 

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Digest." — (Miss)  Grace  Nichol- 
son, Pasadena,   California. 

"The  members  of  the  alliance 
read  your  issue  of  October  with  the 
greatest  of  pleasure.  Being  the  only 
paper  in  the  country  printed  in 
English  by  Chinese,  we  will  encour- 
age more  subscriptions  for  you." — 
Wm.  P.  Lee,  National  President 
Chinese  American  Citizens  Alli- 
ance in  America,  New  York. 


Page   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,  1938 


SPORTS 


SPORTS  GLIMPSES 


By  Davisson  Lee 


S.  F.  DEFEATS  L.  A.  IN 
BENEFIT  FOOTBALL  GAME 

The  highlights  of  the  war  refugee 
Benefit  Football  game  between  S.  F.  and 
L.  A.  Chinese,  held  in  L.  A.  were: 

First  Quarter 

L.  A.'s  speedy  and  elusive  backs  gained 
constant  yardage  throughout  this  quarter 
but  were  held  at  the  crucial  moments. 

Second    Quarter 

L.  A.'s  Caesar  Jung  intercepted  Jack 
Fong's  pass  intended  for  Fred  Guan  and 
ran  60  yards  for  a  touchdown.  Jung 
failed  to   convert. 

Then  Ed  Leong,  S.  F.'s  star  guard, 
recovered  a  fumble  which  started  a  vic- 
tory drive.  Captain  Charlie  Hing  cut 
off  his  right  tackle  on  a  delayed  buck 
and  reeled  off  20  yards,  when,  about  to 
be  tackled,  he  lateraled  to  Marshall 
Leong,  who  with  the  timely  blocking  of 
Woody  Louie,  went  the  entire  route,  30 
yards,  for  a  touchdown.  Leong  bucked 
over  for  the  extra  point.  SCORE: 
S.   F.   7,  L.   A.   6 

Third  Quarter 

L.  A.  took  to  the  air  but  their  backs 
were  so  rushed  by  the  hard  charging 
S.  F.  line  that  there  was  little  time  for 
accuracy. 

Fourth  Quarter 

With  but  a  minute  to  play,  Ted  Ung 
of  L.  A.  faded  back  for  a  last  desperate 
attempt  to  score.  His  pass  was  inter- 
cepted by  Jimmie  Hing,  S.  F.'s  tackle, 
who  with  nice  interference  from  the  en- 
tire team  ran  43  yards  to  a  touchdown. 
Leong  failed  to  convert.  FINAL 
SCORE:   S.  F.  13,  L.  A.  6. 

Outstanding  for  L.  A.  were  Caesar 
Jung  whose  deep  punts  kept  S.  F.  out  of 
scoring  territory,  hard  hitting  Captain 
Bill  Got  and  Speedy  Ted  Ung.  On  the 
line  were  Kong  Ko,  Allen  Chan,  and 
Yung  Yuen. 

For  S.  F.  Woody  Louie,  and  George 
Wong  were  always  in  the  backfield,  while 
backs  Captain  Charlie  Hing,  Jack  Fong, 
and  Jack  Young  played  heads  up  ball. 

L.  A.  promises  revenge  in  their  return 
game  here  in  San  Francisco.  Here's 
looking  forward  to  the  RICE  BOWL 
GAME  set  tentatively  for  Feb.  6. 


WAH  YING 
LEAGUE  OPENS 

With  over  60  entries  divided  into  six 
teams  the  Wah  Yin  league  opened  its 
first  series  of  games,  Sunday,  Dec.  26, 
at  Kezar. 

The  absence  of  the  Chan  Ying  club 
was  noted,  while  Palo  Alto  was  tardy  in 
sending  their  entries. 

The  admittance  fee  of  15  cents  is  too 
small  a  sum  for  any  club  to  make  a 
profit.  Therefore  the  Wah  Ying  club  is 
to  be  complimented  on  their  efforts  to 
promote  basketball  in  Chinatown. 

Go  out  to  Kezar  the  next  few  Sundays 
and  see  some  of  the  best  brand  of  basket- 
ball on  tap. 

The  following  is  the  schedule: 

1937-38   Schedule 

First  game  7  p.  m.;  second  game,  8 
p.  m.;  third  game,  9  p.  m. 

Officials:  Mr.  Al  Deasy,  referee;  Mr. 
Harry  Lum,  assistant. 

(Continued  on  p.  18,  col.  3) 

FIRST  WAH  YING 
LEAGUE  GAMES 

The  Nulite  club  created  a  wild  fervor 
when  they  upset  the  Scout  Fraternity  24 
to  23,  Sunday  night,  Dec.  26,  at  Kezar. 
The  Scout  Fraternity,  one  of  the  highly 
touted  favorites,  keenly  felt  the  absence 
of  Earl  Wong,  who  was  out  of  town,  and 
Francis  Chinn,  who  plays  for  the  N.  B. 
C.  club. 

The  second  game  is  hanging  fire.  It 
seems  that  the  referee,  Al  Deasy,  thought 
he  heard  the  whistle  that  called  the  game 
to  an  end.  Therefore  he  gave  the  contest 
to  N.  B.  C,  the  score  at  that  time  being 
29  to  27.  In  the  meanwhile  Troop  three 
had  rung  up  another  field  goal  making 
the  score  29  all  and  there  was  still  30 
seconds  to  play,  according  to  timekeeper 
Buckshot  Louie.  The  Wah  Ying  club 
has  sent  for  the  A.  A.  U.  ruling  whose 
decision  will  be  final. 

In  the  third  game,  Nam  Wah,  defend- 
ing champions,  defeated  the  Epworth 
club  40  to  29.  Fred  Wong,  Nam  Wah's 
playing  manager,  introduced  his  younger 
brother,  Nom  Wong,  who  bids  fairly  to 
make  brother  Fred  look  after  his  own 
laurels.  Another  outstanding  brother 
combination  is  the  Lee  brothers,  George 
and  Al. 

For  Epworth,  Bing  Chin  was  the  seri- 
ous scoring  threat  while  Thomas  Yep  was 
again  the  main  defense. 

(See  also  "Wah  Ying  League  Opens" 
elsewhere  on  this  page.) 


GIRLS'  LEAGUE 

At  French  court,  Dec.  19,  the  Play- 
ground Girls'  league  in  two  divisions  were 
brought  to  a  final. 

The  Baptist  team  defeated  C.  D.  A., 
winning  the  title  without  the  loss  of  a 
game. 

The  Mei  Wah  Jr.  defeated  C.  D.  A. 
in  the  upper  division,  thus  making  it 
necessary  for  one  more  game.  Each  team 
previously  lost  one  game  in  the  double 
round-robin. 

Both  of  the  C.  D.  A.  teams  are  coached 
by  Erline  Lowe,  San  Francisco,  China- 
town's foremost  all-around  girl  athlete. 

The  other  teams  are  coached  by  Mary 
Chan,  guard  of  the  twice  champion  Mei 
Wah  team. 

o 

C.  D.  A.  UPPER  DIVISION 
WINS  OVER  MEI  WAH 

Neither  the  fog  nor  the  cold  "weather 
kept  over  200  spectators  from  witnessing 
the  third  and  final  game  in  the  A  division 
of  the  Girls'  Basketball  league  held  at 
the  Chinese  playground,  Sunday,  Dec. 
26.  The  C.  D.  A.  defeated  the  Mei  Wah 
juniors  20  to  16  in  a  close  and  exciting 
game  which  made  the  onlookers  forget 
their  chilled  ears  and  numb  fingers.  This 
final  contest  established  the  C.  D.  A. 
team  as  the  champions  in  this  league's  A 
division. 

(More  on  the  Girls'  league  elsewhere 
in  this  department.) 

J.  C.  KEEPS  ON 
WINNING 

The  S.  F.  J.  C.  Chinese  lengthened 
their  string  of  victories  to  five,  Sunday 
night,  Dec.  5,  at  French  court,  bv  defeat- 
ing the  strong  M.  E.  quintet  37  to  33. 

With  such  scoring  threats  as  Johnny 
Wong  and  Francis  Chinn,  the  collegiate 
five  never  relinquished  their  early  lead. 
In  fact  every  member  of  the  team  saw 
action.  For  the  losers,  Frank  Wong  and 
Bing  Chin's  sharp  shooting  were  out- 
standing, while  Thomas  Yep  was  best  at 
defense. 

In  the  preliminaries  the  Chung  Wah 
girls  defeated  the  M.  E.  team  in  a  close 
contest,  the  score  being  15  to  14. 
o 

On  Friday  night,  Dec.  3,  the  Chinese 
Epworthians  defeated  the  Stanford 
Chinese  by  the  score  of  31-19.  The  com- 
bination of  Wong  and  Chan  was  out- 
standing. 


V 


Jonuary,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   17 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 
ROAMS  AROUND 

(Continued  from  page  15) 
her  doctor  claims  she's  a  "pest"  Lizzie 
Way  is  daily  doing  a  good  deed  at  the 
Hassler  health  farm.  Cheerio  and  keep 
up  the  good  work!  .  .  .  Stockton's  Blos- 
som Ah  Tye  is  becoming  a  lady  Fred 
Astaire  by  virtue  of  her  twinkling  toes 
and  expert  piano  playing  .  .  .  brother 
Victor  is  doing  all  right  by  himself,  too. 
He's  known  in  the  Bay  region  as  the 
"left-handed  Lothario."  .  .  .  Probably 
our  youngest  exponent  of  the  Big  Apple 
is  LaVerna  Jan  of  Oakland.  She  studies 
at  a  well  known  studio  and  trucks  a  mean 
little  finger.  .  .  .  Oakland's  Ida  Lowe 
who  professes  to  do  absolutely  nothing 
is  quite  active  in  student  affairs  at  Tech 
Hi  and  in  the  Young  Chinese  auxiliary. 
.  .  .  Pal  Mansie  Wong  was  quarry  of 
a  merry  chase  at  the  Youth  Knowledge's 
skating  party  by  two  young  men.  They 
were  not  trying  to  be  fresh  but  merely 
wanted  her  to  settle  an  argument.  They 
should  know  better.  A  woman  never 
settles  an  argument:  She  starts  'em!  .  .  . 

The  Chi  U  club  of  Oakland  Hi  had 
their  annual  dinner  dance  in  a  S.  F.  nite 
spot  after  a  successful  term  under  the 
leadership  of  officers  Leola  Moon 
(prexy) ,  Velma  Lowe,  Edith  Chew,  and 
Henry  Chew.  .  .  .  Monterey's  Chinese 
colony's  benefit  dance  was  adjudged  one 
of  the  most  successful  held  recently  on 
the  coast,  thus  adding  a  sizable  sum  to 
the  war  relief  fund.  Seen  in  their  re- 
splendent Chinese  gowns  were  Jennie 
Chan,  Alice  Hong,  Pearl,  Helen,  and 
May  Jone,  Fong  Lowe,  Margaret  Yuen, 
Frances  Jung,  Sally  Low,  Florence  Wu, 
Frances  Gee,  Mary  Wong,  and  Bertha 
Lowe.  .  .  .  Fresno's  Fay  Wah  club  dance 
also  drew  folks  from  all  over  and  was 
both  a  financial  and  social  success.  L.  A. 
was  represented  by  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Thos. 
A.  Wong  and  Bakersfield  sent  its  quota 
of  attractive  girls.  .  .  .  Ed  Chinn  of 
Mendota  has  moved  into  his  new  modern 
home.  He  has  also  acquired  controlling 
interests  in  the  Soochow  cafe.  Making 
lots  of  money  in  cotton,  Ed?  .  .  . 

Girl  athletes  of  Portland  and  Seattle 
played  an  exciting  double  headed  basket- 
ball game  in  the  City  of  Roses.  Portland 
finally  emerged  victorious  after  a  nip 
and  tuck  battle  in  both  games.  Scores: 
14  to  13  and  7  to  2.  Standouts,  not 
only  in  playing  ability,  but  in  looks  too, 
were  Dorothy  Lee  Hong,  Margaret,  Jes- 
sie, Nellie,  Mabel,  and  Phyllis  Lee,  Max- 


ine  Chu,  Mary  Jane  Mee,  and  Medeline 
and  Maxine  Chin.  Losers,  but  lovely, 
were  Mabel  and  Mayne  Lock,  Delia  Eng, 
Rosa  Louie,  Mildred  King,  and  Ruby 
and  Mary  Mar  of  Seattle.  .  .  . 

S.  F.'s  Cathay  club  started  its  27th 
year  with  the  following  new  officers: 
Edward  Quon  (prexy),  Thos.  Kwan 
(vice-prexy) ,  Herbert  Haim  (secretary), 
Norman  Chinn  (treasurer) .  Other  of- 
ficers are  King  W.  Lee,  Leon  Lyn,  Ernest 
Loo,  Arthur  Hee,  and  Wm.  Lowe.  Ar- 
thur Hee  is  also  the  S.  F.  Chi.  Tennis 
club's  new  prexy.  Chitena's  new  tennis 
manager  is  Hattie  Hall,  and  she  is  al- 
ready planning  for  Spring  practice  and 
having  courts  lined  up  for  the  Northern 
Calif,   spring  tournament.   .   .   . 

Chicago's  Chinese  sponsored  a  benefit 
show  recently  for  refugee  relief.  Ex- 
ceptional entertainment  was  supplied  by 
the  Shanghai  Wing  troupe,  headed  by 
Moy  Chung  Hall.  This  troupe  is  now 
playing  in  different  theatres  in  the  U.  S. 
.  .  .  The  Lingnam  Alumni  of  the  same 
city  held  a  dinner  dance  at  the  Oriental 
Garden  and  members  came  all  the  way 
from  Ann  Arbor  and  Philly  to  attend. 

News  from  Philly:  Kenneth  Chan  re- 
cently eloped  with  a  beautiful  girl  to 
Elkton,  Md.,  and  are  now  nice  and  cozy 
in  their  love  nest.  Behind  the  handker- 
chief counter  of  Philadelphia'a  largest 
department  store,  Gimbell  Bros.,  you  will 
now  find  Dorothea  Haw,  while  at  the 
perfume  counter  is  her  sister  Helen.  .  .  . 
Naomi  Chu  of  N.  Y.  was  a  recent  visitor, 
while  Alfred  Wu  from  M.  I.  T.  and 
Ithicans  Oliver  Wu,  T.  C.  Kow,  T.  T. 
Kan  were  also  in  town  to  see  Cornell 
down  Pennsylvania.  .  .  .  Peggy  Chung 
is  the  reason  why  a  certain  young  attache 
at  the  Chinese  Embassy  in  Washington 
is  a  frequent  visitor  to  Philly.  .  .  .  Dr. 
Livingston  Chunn  and  Mary  Lee  prom- 
ised friends  a  dinner  of  "poi"  as  soon 
as  Mrs.  Chunn,  now  in  Hawaii,  sends 
the  ingredients.  .  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert 
Young  (Dolly  Moy)  are  expecting  the 
stork's  first  visit  in  the  verree,  verree  near 
future.  .  .  .  May  Jung  and  Young  Chew 
put  one  over  their  friends  by  sneaking 
away   quietly  to  be  married.   .   .   . 

Dr.  Stanford  "Tony"  Seto  and  his  fam- 
ily have  moved  from  Chicago  to  Black- 
wood, N  J.  .  .  .  Rubye  Mark  has 
established  quite  a  reputation  as  an  origi- 
nal dressmaker  in  suburban  Elkins 
Park.  .  .  .  There  is  speculation  regarding 
the  sudden  popularity  of  Louie  Shu. 
Can  it  be  his  haircut?  .  .  .  Melin  Feng 


dazzeled  U.  of  P.  co-eds  with  his  1938 
Pontiac.  .  .  .  John  Haw  got  into  trouble 
by  unknowingly  walking  into  a  boycotted 
photo  studio,  but  fortunately  he  explained 
things.  .  .  .  The  Philadelphia  Jugs  wel- 
comed with  open  arms  Cadet  Wing  F. 
Jung,  their  cousin  from  Savannah,  Ga., 
now  in  his  second  year  at  West  Point. . . . 

N.  Y.'s  Jeune  Doc  club  girls  are 
taking  up  Mandarin  at  the  Pell  street 
church  .  .  .  and  the  Chinese  group's 
dance  class  at  the  Church  of  All  Nations 
is  progressing  nicely,  with  the  rhumba 
being  the   next  step.   .   .   . 

Portland  had  a  skating  party,  and  the 
Seattle-ites  dazzled  the  "floored"  Portland 
boys,  led  by  Marjorie  Lew  Kay,  who 
had  one  of  the  Portland  Beau  Brummels 
in  tow.    .   .   . 

Speaking  of  Seattle-ites  Fred  Leo,  late 
of  that  city,  has  opened  a  store  featuring 
dairy  products  at  Bush  street  in  S.  F.  .  .  . 

S.  F.'s  popular  Lee  sisters,  Rose,  Clara, 
and  Louise,  have  gone  into  business  by 
opening  their  Charm  beauty  salon,  equip- 
ped with  all  the  latest  gadgets  for  mi- 
lady's   beautification.    .    .    . 

Chinatown's  two  orchestras,  the  Cath- 
ayans  and  the  Chinatown  Knights,  have 
donated  their  services  many  times  during 
the  past  few  months  to  war  refugee  relief 
programs,  not  only  in  S.  F.,  but  in  other 
cities  on  the  coast.  According  to  Ed 
Quon,  Cathayans'  manager,  three  benefit 
projects  during  November  and  December 
last  year  in  which  his  orchestra  donated 
services  have  helped  to  raise  no  less  than 
$8,500  in  S.  F.,  Fresno,  and  Monterey. 
Manager  Quon  said  his  14-piece  rhythm 
makers  will  gladly  donate  their  services 
to  any  large  scale  relief  project  in  any 
coast  city. 

Santy  brought  pretty  Ruth  Cheung  of 
Grass  Valley  into  town  for  the  holidays. 
He  took  her  to  the  Wah  Ying  basketball 
tournament  opening  games  and  had  the 
casaba  tossers  all  gazing  her  way.  .  .  . 
(Continued  on  p.  18,  col.  2) 


You'll  find  the  newest 

hair  styles  in  modern 

surroundings  at 

The 
LOTUS  BEAUTY  SHOP 

Hazel  Chinn,  Manager 

864  Jackscn  St.  San  Francisco 

Phone   CHina   0011 


Page    18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1938 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


MY  FAVORITE 
RECIPE 

(Continued  from  page  9) 
bring  rapidly  to  a  boil.  Add  chicken  bones 
and  the  four  quarts  of  stock,  and  let  sim- 
mer on  very  low  fire,  but  high  enough  to 
keep  Jook  bubbling. 

If  desired,  pork  soup  bones  may  be 
added.  However,  they  should  first  be 
parboiled,  then  seasoned  with  salt  and 
allowed  to  stand  for  10  minutes  before 
adding  to  the  stock  and  rice  water. 

In  the  meantime  there  will  be  a  lot  of 
chopping  and  mincing  to  do.  Well,  why 
should  I  scare  you  by  making  you  think 
it's  going  to  be  such  a  tedious  process? 
For  diligent  young  ladies,  and  also  men 
(if  you  read  my  column) ,  all  this  prep- 
aration should  not  take  more  than  half 
an  hour.  Mince  one  pound  of  pork,  chop 
up  two  pieces  of  chone  choy.  Chop 
Chinese  green  onions  very  fine.  The 
following  is  optional:  mince  two  pieces 
of  red  ginger  and  four  pieces  of  sweet- 
ened Chinese  cucumbers. 

Half  an  hour  before  serving  time,  add 
the  pork  and  chone  choy.  Just  before 
serving,  add  chicken  meat.  Bring  to  boil, 
(but  never  turn  gas  high  after  it  has  once 
come  to  a  boil,  else  the  rice  will  be 
scorched) ,  then  add  one  tablespoon  each 
of  ginger  and  cucumbers.  The  balance 
may  be  served  on  a  relish  dish,  and  left 
to  the  individual  taste. 

I  don't  believe  I  should  pamper  you 
by  letting  you  enjoy  your  game  of  bridge 
so  wholeheartedly,  because  this  Jook  does 
require  a  little  looking  into  every  now 
and  then.  Aside  from  that,  all  you  need 
do  is — shall  we  say,  "dish  it  out"  when 
you  sense  that  first  yawn  coming  on. 

And  once  again,  we  cannot  get  away 
from  our  indispensably  famous  soy  sauce. 
Serve  this  in  a  small  fancy  dish,  and  let 
your  appetite  take  its  course. 


For  Excellent  Food 
At  Moderate  Cost 

Come  to  ...  . 
FAR  EAST  CAFE 

Spacious  Accommodations 

631  Grant  Ave.  CHina  1085 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 
ROAMS  AROUND 

(Continued  from  page  17) 

Johnny  Kan  of  Fong  6C  Fong,  young 
Chinatown's  meeting  place,  will  have  a 
special  training  diet  lunch  all  prepared 
for  the  visiting  L.  A.  football  players 
the  day  of  the  Rice  Bowl  game.  .  .  . 
That's  what  I  call  hospitality.  .  .  . 

The  Rice  Bowl  victory  dance  will  be 
held  at  St.  Mary's  (Chinese  Catholic 
Center)  auditorium,  which  has  been 
kindly  donated  by  Father  Johnson.  .  .  . 

[Although  the  Chinese  Digest  has 
correspondents  in  a  dozen  cities,  outside 
news  contributions  from  clubs  and  read- 
ers are  welcomed,  though  no  promise 
can  be  made  that  items  sent  in  will  be 
published.  Contributions  must  reach  us 
on  or  before  the  15th  of  the  month  pre- 
ceding month  of  publication,  and  must 
be  signed  with  the  names  (not  initials) 
and  addresses  of  the  contributors;  other- 
wise they  will  not  be  considered. 

All  news  intended  for  this  column  or 
for  "Chinatownia"  should  be  addressed 
to   the   Editor,   Chinese  Digest.~\ 


SOCIAL  PROBLEMS 

(Continued  from  page  10) 
but  a  co-ordination  (as  recommended  by 
the  Community  Chest)  of  the  welfare 
work  will  prevent  duplications  and  avoid 
a  tremendous  amount  of  waste  in  money 
and  in  energies.  The  youths  of  the  com- 
munity have  a  right  to  a  better  recrea- 
tional and  educational  program  than  that 
given  to  them  today.  The  Jewish  Com- 
munity Center  offers  a  good  example  of 
a  well-planned  program  of  community 
welfare.  The  recreational  and  social 
work  is  directed  by  trained  social  workers, 
and  the  educational  program  integrated 
to  the  age-levels  of  the  children  and 
young  people.  The  Jewish  plan  of  be- 
nevolence and  social  security  for  the  aged, 
sick,  and  unemployed  is  one  of  the  most 
progressive  private  agency  social  pro- 
grams in  the  country.  With  certain  adap- 
tations, this  plan  can  be  introduced  in 
our  community  if  our  leaders  are  willing 
to  experiment  with  a  program  that  will 
do  better  social  work  and  not  play  poli- 
tics with  community  welfare. 

(To  be  concluded  next  month) 

at  which  time  the  present  special  commis- 
sioners will  then  resign  their  officers. 

(For  a  short  biographical  sketch  of  Kal- 
fred  Dip  Lum,  see  elsewhere  in  this  is- 
sue.) 


WAH  YING 
LEAGUE  OPENS 

(Continued  from  page  16) 
Dec.  26,  1937 

1.  S.  F.  vs.  Nulite. 

2.  N.  B.  C.  vs.  Troop  3. 

3.  Nam  Wah  vs.  Epworth. 

Jan.  9,    1938 

1.  S.  F.  vs.  Troop  3. 

2.  N.  B.  C.  vs.  Epworth. 

3.  Nam  Wah  vs.  Nulite. 

Jan.  16,   1938 

1.  Nam  Wah  vs.  Troop  3. 

2.  S.  F.  vs.  N.  B.  C. 

3.  Epworth  vs.  Nulite. 

Jan.  23,   1938 

1.  Epworth  vs.  Troop  3. 

2.  Nulite  vs.  N.  B.  C. 

3.  S.  F.  vs.  Nam  Wah. 

Jan.  30,   1938 

1.  Troop  3  vs.  Nulite. 

2.  Epworth  vs.  S.  F. 

3.  N.  B.  C  vs.  Nam  Wah.  ■ 

All  games  at  Kezar  pavilion. 

In  case  of  tie  for  first,  two  out  of  three 
games  for  the  play-off  title  will  be  ar- 
ranged. 

In  case  of  tie  for  second,  medals  will  be 
awarded  to  all  second  place  teams. 

ARTIST  CONTRIBUTES 

(Continued  from  page  11) 
taining  thousands  of  stubs  a  little  Chi- 
nese girl  dipped  her  hand  to  pick  out  the 
winner. 

The  winning  ticket  belonged  to  Isamu 
Noguchi. 

(Isamu  Noguchi,  considered  one  of 
America's  greatest  sculptors,  was  born  in 
California  33  years  ago  of  a  Japanese 
father  and  an  Irish  mother.  His  father, 
the  late  Yone  Noguchi,  was  a  famous 
poet  who  wrote  in  the  Whitman  tradi- 
tion. Isamu  Noguchi's  art  ranges  from 
pure  abstraction  to  social  propaganda.) 

KUOMINTANG  IN  THE  U.S. 

(Continued  from  page  12) 
ever,  they  will  function  as  the  Western 
Regional  and  San  Francisco  branch  office 
and  the  Oakland  branch  office. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  are  6,000 
Kuomintang  members  in  the  United 
States.  From  these,  new  officers  for  the  5 
regional  and  50  local  branch  offices 
throughout  the  country  will  be  chosen. 
However,  the  next  election  will  not  take 
place  until  after  a  reregistration  of  all 
members.  A  convention  will  be  held  here 
sometime  this  year  to  choose  new  officers 


V 


January,    1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge   19 


VOL.  3 


INDEX 


1937 


Actor  Shot  in  Mystery,  P.   10,  Feb.   1937 

Ah  Louis  Passes  On.  P.   10,  Feb  ,    1937 

Ah  Poh,  Hermit  of  the  Hills.  P.   19,   Dec,    1937 

American    Trained   Men    Needed    in   China.    P.    11, 

July,   1937 
Annual  Chinese  Baby  Show  in  New  York.  P.  11,  July 

B 

Book  List  of  Best  Books  on  China  Published  in  1936. 

Jan.,   1937 
Book  Lists   (current).   P.   18,   Feb.;   P.  22,  Mar.;   P. 

15    April;  P.  10,  June,  1937 
Book   Reviews.    WILLIAM    HOY 

Romance  of  Tea,  The.    May,  1937 
Living  China.     Aug.,    1937 
North   China   Problem,  The.    P.   8,   Oct.,    1937 
Son  of  Han.    P.  9,  Dec,   1937 
Boycott  of  Japanese  Goods  Advocoted.    (Editorial) 

Oct,    1937 
Boycott  of  Japan  Favored  by  U.  S.  Labor.  P    /,  Nov. 
Boycott  Meet  Called  by  Moritime  Federation.  P.  16, 
Dec,   1937 


CAMP,   CONSTANCE  W.   See   Peace,  A   Chinatown 

Sketch. 
C.   E.  C.   Session   at   Nanking,  the  Hsieh  Wei-lum. 

Mar,   1937 
Celestial   Drama   in  San   Francisco.     LOIS   FOSTER. 

P.  8,  July,    1937 
CHEN   HAN-SENG.    See  Pacifism  and  Peace. 
CHEW  CAROLINE.    See  King  Lan  Chew 
Chiang   Kai-Shek,  Madame.  P.   8,   Nov.    1937 
China    Faces    1937.     HSIEH    WEI-LUM.    Feb,    1937 
China's  10,000,000  Vacant  Jobs.     HALDORE  HAN- 
SON. P.  17,  May,   1937 
China   Sees    It   Through.    H.   J.   TIMPERLEY.    P.   7, 

Nov.,  1937 
China    To    Be   Represented   in    1939   Exposition.    P. 

10,  Dec,   1937 
Chinatownian    Roams   Around,   The.     Jan.    to    Dec. 

1937,    inclusive 
Chinatown's  Housing  Problem  Due  for  Airing.  LIM 

P.    LEE.   June,    1937 
Chinatown   Housing.    (Editorial)    P.  3,  Aug.,   1937 
Chinatown   Post  Office.   P.    13,  May,    1937;    P.    16, 

Oct.,  1937 
Chinese  Artist  Struggles  for  Fame.    WILLIAM  HOY. 

Jan.,   1937 
Chinese  Again  Have  Own  Bank.    P.   13,  June,  1937; 

P.    15,   Aug.    1937 
Chinese   College   Woman,  A.    JANE   KWONG   LEE. 

P.  8,   May,    1937 
Chinese   College  Woman,   A.    (Letter)    P.    16,   June 
Chinese  Discoveries  and  Inventions.  CHINGWAH  LEE 

Chinese  Achieved  Sericulture  and  Brocade  Loom. 
Jan.,    1937 

Chinese   Had   Materia    Medica   2500   Years   Ago. 
Feb.,  1937 

China's  Lost  Milk  Culture.    Mar.,   1937 

Chinese   Invented   Puppetry.  Mar,   1937 

China  Had  New  Deal  3000  Years  Ago.  April,  May 

Chinese   Invented   Paper  Money.    July,    1937 

Chinese  Were  First  to  Have  Colleges,  Universities, 
and  a   National  Academy,  Sept.,    1937 

Chinese   Civil    Service    System.   Oct.,    Nov  ,    Dec 
Chinese  in  America  Send  Funds  for  War  Relief.  P.  9, 

Sept.,  P.  16,  Oct.;  P.  14,  Dec. 
Chinese   Christian   Young    People's   Conference.    P. 

15,  Sept.,   1937 
Chinese  Add  Color   to  Golden   Gate   Bridge   Fiesta. 

P.  9,  July,  1937 
Chinese  Children's  Art  Exhibition.  P.  13,  July,  1937 
Chinese  Florence  Nightingales.  P.  7,  July,  1937 
Chinese  Immigration  Figures  for  1936.  P.  11,  July 
Chinese  Fight  Anti-Land  Bill  in  Texos.  P.  12,  April 
Chinese  Health  Center  in  San  Francisco,  The.    LIM 

P.   LEE.    May,    1937 
Chinese  Badminton  Champion  in  Exhibition.    P.   16, 

May,   1937 
Chinese  and  Japanese  Fight  Anti-Foreign  Language 

Bill.    P.  13,  April,   1937 
Chinese  in  Mississippi  to  Build  Own  School.    P.  12, 

June,  1937 
Chinese    Renaissance,    The.     HOWARD    WONG.    P. 

6,   June,    1937 
Chinese  Repatriated  Through   State   Funds.     P.   15, 

June.    1937 
Chinese  Single  Men,  The.    SAMUEL  D.   LEE.    July, 

Aug.,  Sept.,  Dec,  1937 
Chinese   Third    Highest   Salaried   Man   in   Boy   Re- 
gion.   P.  9  .Feb.,   1937 
CHU,  SOPHIA.    See  N.  Y.  Chinatownians'  Refugee 

Relief  Work. 
Culture.    See  Wm.  Edward  Colby  Exhibit;  Exhibit  on 

Chinese  Mortuary   Art;  The   Chinese   Renaissance 
Current  Intellectual  Trends  in  China.  LIM   P.  LEE. 

April,    1937 


Dong   Kingman  Wins  Art  Prize.   P.   15,  Dec,   1937. 
(See    olso    Chinese    Artist    Struggles    for    Fame) 


Economic   Condition   of   Overseas  Chinese   Under   3 

Flags.     LIM   P.   LEE.  Aug  ,    1937 
Editorial   Notes.     P.    19.   Feb.;   P.   23,  Mar.;   P.    19, 

May;   P     19,  June,    1937 
ENG,  HECTOR.    See  Wo  Sung  Opens  12th  Baseball 

Season 
ENNIS,   EARLE.     See  The  Fire  Drill 
Exhibit  of  Chinese  Mortuary  Art.  CHINGWAH  LEE. 

P    4,  Aug.,  1937 
Exhibit,  The  Wm.  Edward  Colby.  CHINGWAH   LEE. 

Jan.,  1937 

F 

Far  East  News  and  Notes.  Jan.,  Feb.,  Mar.,  April, 
July,  Aug.,  P.  10;  Sept.,  P.  5;  Oct.,  P.  6-7;  Nov., 
P.  3;  Dec,  P.  2,    1937 

Fire  Drill,  The.    EARLE  ENNIS.  P.  12,  Dec  ,  1937 

FONG,  ALICE  P.  See  A  Survey  of  Early  Chinese- 
American  Relations;  Love  Under  the  Hawaiian 
Sky 

FOSTER,  LOIS.  See  Celestial  Drama  in  San  Fran- 
cisco 

Front   Poge   Illustrations.     WALLACE   H.   FONG 
The   Coming   Generation.     Jan.,    1937 
Chinatown  Prepares  for  New  Year.  Feb  ,  1937 
Scene  from  the  "Good  Earth."  Mar  ,   1937 
Chinatown  in  the  Rain.  April,  1937 
Portsmouth   Square.   May,   1937 
Tray  Carrier,   A.    June,    1937 
Chinese  Opera   Scenes.  July,    1937 
Shoeshine  Boy.  Aug,   1937 
War  News.  Sept.,    1937 
Vendor  Reads  War  News.  Oct.,   1937 
Clothing  for  War  Refugees.   Nov.,   1937 
Sun   Yat-Sen  Statue.   Dec,    1937 

FUNG,  PAUL.    See  A  Letter  from  China 


Garment    Union    in   Chinatown?    (Editorial)    P.    19, 

July,   1937 
Going   Reno.   P.    18,  July,   1937 
Grace   Nicholson  Galleries.   P.    13,  June,   1937 

H 

HANSON,   HALDORE.    See  China's  10,000,000  Va- 
cant  Jobs. 
Hawaiian  Chinese  Contributes  to  Book.  P.  19,  Dec. 
Hawaiian    Chinese    Start    English    Weekly.     P.    16, 

Dec,    1937 
Health     of     Chinatown,    The.     EDWIN     OWYANG. 

Aprii,    1937 
Health   Dept.    Takes  Action  to  Vacate  Condemned 

Building.   P.    17,   Dec  ,    1937 
HOY,  WILLIAM.    See  Chinese  Artist  Struggles  for 

Fame;     Jottings    from    a     Reviewer's     Notebook; 

Reviews  and  Comments;  King   Lan   Chew. 
HSIEH   WEI-LIN.     See  China   Faces   1937;  C.   E.   C. 

Session    at   Nanking. 
Mrs.    Hua-Chuen   Mei.    P.  8,   Dec,    1937 
Humanitarianism    or    Barbarism?    TSU    PAN.    Oct 
Hu    Shih   Views   the    Present   Crisis.     LIM    P.    LEE. 

Oct.,    1937 

I 

I    Covered   the   Picket   Lines.    P.    11,   June,    1937 
Inside   View   of  a   Motion   Picture   Studio.    LIM    P. 
LEE.   Mar.    1937 

J 

Japan's  Newest  Invasion  in  China.   (Editorial)  Sept. 
Japanese  Soldier  Writes  to  His  Chinese  Friends,  A. 

P     5,    Nov.,    1937 
Jottings    from    a    Reviewer's    Notebook.    WILLIAM 

HOY.    P.  11,  April;  P.  11,  May;  P.  10,  June,  1937 

K 

King  Lan  Chew,  Interpreter  of  the  Dance.  WILLIAM 
HOY.   Aug.,    1937 


LEAF,  EARL  H.  See  A  Man  by  Any  Other  Name. 

LEE,  CHINGWAH.  See  Saga  of  a  Boy  Potographer; 
Chinese  Discoveries  and  Inventions;  Exhibit  of 
Chinese  Mortuary  Art;  Wm.  Edward  Colby  Exhi- 
bition 

LEE,  JANE  KWONG.    See  A  Chinese  College  Woman 

LEE,  LIM  P.  See  Opportunities  for  American-Born 
Chinese  in  China;  Inside  View  of  a  Motion 
Picture  Studio;  Current  Intellectual  Trends  in 
China;  Chinese  Health  Center  in  S.  F.;  Opium 
and  Narcotic  Suppression  in  China;  New  Chinese 
Ambassador  Arrives  in  America;  Chinatown's 
Housing  Problem  Due  for  Airing;  Economic  Con- 
dition   of   Overseas   Chinese   Under   three    Flags; 


Dr.  Hu  Shih  Views  the  Present  Crisis. 
LEE,  SAMUEL  D.  See  Some  Suggestions  for  a  Study 
of  the   History  of  the   Chinese   in  America;  The 

Chinese  Single  Men 
Legend  of  the  Sacred  Lily.   P.   13,  Feb.,   1937 
Letter  from  China,  A.  P.  2,  Oct.,    1937 
Lighting  the  Chinese  Playground.    (Editorial)    July, 
Li  Tei  Ming  Returns.    P.    13,  June,   1937 
Living  China  Mirrored  in  Her  Revolutionary  Litera- 
ture.    (Book  Review)    Aug.,   1937 
Local  Girl  Enters  Convent.  P.  9,  Feb.,  1937 
Loh  Tsei,  Jeonne  D'Arc  of  China.    P.  9,  Sept.,  1937 
Love   Under   the    Hawaiian   Sky.    ALICE   P.    FONG. 
Sept.,   1937 

M 

Man  by  Any  Other  Name,  A.  EARL  H.  LEAF.  P.  17, 
July,  1937 

Monument  to  Father  of  the  Chinese  Republic.  (Edi- 
torial) May,  1937.  (See  also  Sun  Yat-Sen  Statue) 

N 

New  Chinese  Ambassador  Arrives  in  America.   LIM 

P.    LIM.   June,    1937 
New  York  Art   Club  Starts   Painting   Class.   P.    18, 

Dec,   1937 
New    York    Chinatownians'    Refugee    Relief    Work. 

SOPHIA  CHU.   P.   12,  Nov.,   1937 
North    China    Problem,   The.    (Book   Review)    P.  8, 

Oct.   1937 

0 

Old  Chinatown  in  Los  Angeles  To  Be  Razed.  P.  23, 

Mar.,   1937 
On  the  "Chinese  Progress."   (Editorial)  April,  1937 
Opium  and  Narcotic  Suppression   in  China.  LIM  P. 

LEE.   May.    1937 
Opportunities  for  American-Born  Chinese  in  China. 

LIM   P.   LEE.  Feb.,   1937 
OWYANG,  EDWIN.  See  Health  of  Chinatown 


Pacifism  and  Peace.  CHEN  HAN-SENG.  Dec,  1937 
Peace,    A    Chinatown     Sketch.     CONSTANCE     W. 
CAMP.   P.   12,   Dec,    1937 


Recipes — 

How  to  Cook  Rice.  P.   11,  Mar.,   1937 
Gouchong   Goh.   P.    10,  April,   1937 
See  Yow  Pok  Op.   P.  8,  June,   1937 
Tung  Kwa  Chung.  P.  17,  July,  1937 
Gai  Yung  Suk  Mai.  P    11,  Aug.,  1937 
Hung  Yan  Gai  Ding.  P.  12,  Aug  .  1937 
Bor  Lor  Pai  Kwak.  P.  15,  Sept.,   1937 
Remember  When?  CHINGWAH   LEE.  Jan.,   1937 
Reviews  and  Comments.  See  Book  Reviews 
Romance  of   Tea,   The.    (Book  Review)    May,    1937 


Saga    of    a    Boy    Photographer.    CHINGWAH    LEE. 

Feb.,   1937 
Shining  Shoes  to  Aid  Refugees.   P.   15,   Nov.,    1937 
Sino-Japanese  Crisis  and  American  Neutrality  Act. 

TSU   PAN.     Sept.,    1937 
Sino-Japanese  War.    (Pictures)    P.  6,   Nov.,    1937 
Some   Suggestions   for   a    Study   of   the    History   of 

the  Chinese  in   America.    SAMUEL   D.   LEE.   June 
SOONG   MEI-LING.     See   Mme.   Chiang   Kai-shek. 
Sun  Yat-Sen  Statue.   P.  3,  May;   P.  2  and  5,  Dec. 
Survey    of    Eorly    Chinese-American    Relations,    A. 

ALICE  P.   FONG.  Jan. -Feb.,    1937 


Tang,   Blossom.   P.  9,   July,    1937 
Tennis  in  S.  F.  Chinatown.  H.  K.  WONG.  P.  16,  May 
Theses    and    Dissertations    written    by    Chinese    in 
America  During  Last  Five  Years.  P.  11,  Feb,  1937 
TIMPERLEY,   H.  J.  See  China  Sees  It  Through 
Trade  Between  China  and  U.  S.  Jan.,  1937 
TSU   PAN.    See  Sino-Japanese  Crisis  and  American 
Neutrality  Act;   Humanitarianism   or    Barbarism; 
What  Are  They  Trying  to  Say? 
Two  Discriminating  Legislative  Bills  Defeated.  (Edi- 
torial)   May,    1937 

u 

U.  S.   Labor   Favors   Japanese   Boycott,   P.   7,    Nov. 

w 

Walnut  Grove,  Fire  Ruins.   P.    15,   Dec,   1937 
War  Affects  Finances  of  Chinese  Students  in  U.  S. 

P.  7,   Nov.,   1937 
Wa    Sung    Opens    12th    Baseball    Season.    HECTOR 

ENG.   P.    17,  June,   1937 
What  Are  They  Trying  to  Say?  TSU  PAN.  Nov  ,  1937 
Who's  Who  Among  the  Chinese  in  "Good   Earth." 

P.  9,  Mar.,   1937 
WONG,    H.    K.    See    Tennis    in    S.    F.    Chinotown; 

Chinatownian   Roams  Around 
WONG,  HOWARD.    See  The  Chinese   Renaissance 
WONG  LEE,  Justice  of  the  Peace.  P.  10,  Feb.,   1937 
World   Famous  Chinese  Wrote  This,  A.  P.   15,  Mar. 


r    1/ 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1938 


fucius,  when   asked   for  a  single  word 
explaining  his  teaching,  answered, 

"RECIPROCITY" 


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COMMENT  --SOCIAL*  -SPOUTS 
MCWS  »  *  CULTUCLC  •    »    LiT£K»TU&e       jam  «»NCi«o.c<K.ifo»»i»  (^ 


Vol.  4,  No.  2 


February,   1938 


Ten  Cents 


PEACE  AND  WAR— A  SYMBOLIC  PICTURE 

While  thousands  of  Chinese  families  in  America  arrange  water  lilies  in  preparation  for 
the  peaceful  celebration  of  Chinese  New  Year,  the  God  of  War  stalks  the  length  and  breadth 
of  China,  leaving  horror  and  destruction  in  its  wake.  The  above  picture  was  conceived  and  ex- 
ecuted by  Wallace  H.  Fong. 


Page  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,   1938 


EDITORIAL 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 
San  Francisco,  California   (CHino  24001 

WILLIAM    HOY,    Editor 

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STAFF 

CHINGWAH   LEE    Associate   Editor 

LIM   P.    LEE    Sociological    Data 

DOROTHY  WING   Advertising  Manager 

HELEN  M.  FONG   Circulation   Manager 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

CORRESPONDENTS   and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersf ield    Mamie   Lee 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Allen    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace   H.  Goo 

Los   Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Marysville    Virginia    Wah 

New  York    Bing  Chan 

New  York    Sophia    Chu 

Philadelphia    Henry  C.   Jung 

Portland     Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seattle,  Wash   Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton  Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,    Arizona    May   Tom 

Watsonville    Alice   Shew 

FOUNDERS   and   PUBLISHERS 

THOMAS    W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 


A  CHINATOWN  BEAUTIFUL  FOR  1939 

Mayor  Angelo  J.  Rossi  of  this  city  has  recently  ap- 
pointed a  Citizen's  City  Beautiful  committee,  with 
Dr.  Adolph  E.  Schmidt  as  chairman,  to  seek  ways  and 
means  of  making  San  Francisco  a  spotless  and  shining 
city  for  visitors  to  see  during  the  Golden  Gate  Inter- 
national Exposition  in  1939.  With  representative  busi- 
ness men  and  women  and  the  leaders  of  the  foreign 
colonies  which  comprise  cosmopolitan  San  Francisco  on 
the  committee,  a  25-point  program  has  been  drafted 
which,  when  carried  to  realization,  will  assuredly  enable 
the  city  to  "shine  for  1939." 

In  such  an  ambitious  program  the  development  and 
beautification  of  Chinatown,  of  course,  comes  in  for 
consideration.  Chinatown  (next  to  Golden  Gate  park. 
as  we  have  been  assured  by  those  who  keep  tab  on 
visitors  coming  to  San  Francisco  and  what  they  see 
while  here) ,  is  the  city's  second  most  attractive  and 
unique  spot.  It  has  a  lure  of  the  far-away  Orient  not 
only  for  the  casual  tourists  but  for  resident  San  Fran- 
ciscans as  well. 

One  of  the  25  points  which  the  Citizens'  committee 
has  adopted  in  order  to  achieve  their  objectives,  is  the 
"Further  rehabilitation  and  development  of  Chinese 
architecture  in  Chinatown." 

Here  is  a  task!  And  it  is  one  which  Chinatown's 
merchants  and  progressive-minded  men  and  women 
should  not  leave  to  the  city's  civic  leaders  to  figure  out 
for  them.  For  the  satisfaction  of  their  pride  in  their 
own  community,   and  for  good,  sound,  practical  busi- 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorial   2,  3 

Far  East 4,  5 

Art  and  Culture 6,  7 

Reviews  and  Comments 10 

The  Jade  Box 9 

Sociological  Data 8 

Chinatownia    11-17 

Sports  18#  S.  1,  2 

Continuation  Page 19 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data,  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress,  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


ness  reasons,  it  is  incumbent  upon  Chinatown's  busi- 
ness and  community  leaders  to  have  a  "Chinatown  Beau- 
tiful" for  1939. 

For  years  the  Californias'  Inc.,  the  Chinese  Trade 
and  Travel  Association,  and  tourist  agenices  have  ex- 
tolled the  uniqueness  and  the  exotic  Oriental  charm  of 
Chinatown  and  have  called  it  the  largest  Chinese  colony 
outside  of  China  to  emphasize  its  bigness.  And  our 
Grant  Avenue  merchants,  following  suit,  because  it 
made  good  business  talk,  have  also  said  the  same  things, 
but  with  more  charm  and  persuasion,  sometimes  in 
clipped  English,  with  much  Cantonese  sing-song  accent, 
and  at  times  in  the  manner  of  cultured  American  uni- 
versity graduates. 

All  this  is  to  the  good.  Neither  the  Californians'  Inc.. 
nor  our  own  propagandists  have  exaggerated  the  picture 
of  this  "little  ward  of  Canton."  But  when  uc  speak  oi 
Chinatown  in  these  terms  we  mean  only  a  few  places. 
We  mean  a  few  bazaars,  the  joss  temples,  the  telephone 
exchange,  the  restaurants,  the  Chinese  Six  Companies. 


February,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


EDITORIAL 


and  that  new  factor  in  Chinatown  economy,  the  cock- 
tail lounges. 

But  the  attraction  of  Chinatown  could  mean  more 
than  that.  The  whole  community — its  winding  streets, 
its  one-way  alleys,  its  organization  headquarters,  its 
theaters,  its  restaurants  serving  American  dishes,  etc. — 
can  be  made  attractive  by  Chinese  architectural  designs. 
By  placing  of  potted  plants  in  appropriate  places,  by 
skillful  use  of  lanterns,  and  by  the  employment  of  vari- 
colored banners  common  in  business  houses  in  China, 
Chinatown  as  a  whole  can  be  made  into  a  place  where 
visitors  may  wander  with  increasing  surprise  and  de- 
light; this  will  also  make  it  a  better  place  for  most 
of  us  to  live  in. 

Chinatown's  neighboring  district,  the  large  Italian 
j  colony  at  North  Beach,  has  already  launched  a  cam- 
paign to  raise  funds  in  order  to  make  their  district  into 
a  pattern  redolent  with  the  color  and  atmosphere  of 
old-world  Italy.  We  have  the  same  opportunity  to  make 
our  community  into  a  real  "slice  of  China."  Once  this 
is  done,  Chinatown  will  not  only  "shine  for  1939,"  but 
for  all  time. 


here,  also  used  the  statue  as  their  cover  picture  in  their 
January  number.  We  compared  ours  with  theirs.  Ours 
was  taken  from  the  right  side,  while  The  Coast's  was 
taken  from  the  left,  and  also  superimposed  on  a  back- 
ground of  a  somber  sky.  We  had  to  admit  that  their 
picture  was  just  as  good  as  ours! 


^Immobile  -phe  statue  of  Dr.  Sun  Yat-Sen  was  set  up 
atop  St.  Mary's  square  less  than  three  months 
ago,  and  since  then  we  have  had  many  occasions  to  pass 
by  it,  admire  its  sculpture,  and  even  at  times  to  spend  a 
few  moments  in  meditating  on  this  great  revolutionist's 
life.  That,  we  have  been  taught,  was  one  profitable  way 
of  looking  at  a  statue  of  a  bygone  personage. 

Not  so  a  local  press  agent.  He  saw  in  the  statue  a 
nice,  colossal  background  for  a  publicity  picture  fea- 
turing the  product  for  which  he  must  find  means  to 
advertise — in  this  case  a  new  automobile  termed  grand- 
iloquently "The  Spirit  of  Motion."  The  car  was  parked 
in  front  of  the  statue  and  a  nice  yicture  was  taken. 
When  the  picture  appeared  in  the  papers  a  copyreader 
had  dubbed  the  statue  the  "Immobile  Sage."  Dr.  Sun, 
we  thought,  would  rise  in  wrath  at  being  called  such. 
"Sage"  he  would  certainly  disavow,  while  "Immobile" 
just  cannot  be  applied  in  describing  him,  whether  he's 
dead,  alive,  or  cast  in  stainless  steel  and  red  granite. 
Sun  Yat-Sen  alive  was  a  restless,  volatile  personality,  a 
typical  revolutionary.  And  when  he  died  the  political 
and  social  ideas  he  left  behind  him  began  to  work  their 
effects  on  the  Chinese  people,  and  gave  China  an  in- 
surgent nationalism. 

Incidentally,  we  were  pretty  proud  of  the  Sun  Yat- 
Sen  statue's  picture  which  adorned  the  cover  of  our 
December  issue.  Here,  we  thought,  was  a  work  of  pho- 
tographic art  which  could  not  be  duplicated  (we  had 
seen  plenty  of  examples) .  A  month  later  we  got  a  shock. 
The  Coast,  a  New  Yorker-ish  monthly  recently  founded 


No  Fire-  This  year  it  was  decreed  by  the  community 
elders  at  the  Six  Companies  that  there  should 
not  be  any  booming  of  firecrackers  on  the  occasion  of 
the  Chinese  New  Year  (Jan.  31),  but  that  the  money 
customarily  spent  for  this  purpose  should  be  contributed 
for  refugee  relief  in  the  motherland.  This  was  the  first 
time,  we  were  informed  by  old-timers,  that  firecrackers 
were  absent  on  the  New  Year.  This  fact  made  good 
news  copy  for  the  local  American  papers,  and  some  ex- 
travagant phrases  were  noted  in  some  of  the  writeups. 
One  item  began  this  way:  "Along  the  Street  of  a  Thou- 
sand Bazaars  this  coming  Chinese  New  Year,  lilies  will 
NOT  bloom  on  temporary  stalls,  silken  lanterns  will 
NOT  glow,  lichee  nuts  and  melon  seeds  will  NOT  be 
piled  high.  Merchants  will  NOT  beam  "Kung  Hay  Fat 
Choy,"  "Happy  New  Year — ."  All  this  was  not  only 
exaggerated  but  totally  untrue.  There  were  enough  lilies 
to  fill  a  good-sized  garden,  we  saw  plenty  of  glowing 
lanterns,  and  we  ate  our  share  of  lichee  nuts  and  melon 
seeds.  We  exchanged  and  received  our  share  of  "Kung 
Hay  Fat  Choys,"  too.  The  customs  of  3000  years  can- 
not be  put  aside  in  a  day,  regardless  of  circumstances. 
We  may  not  feel  cheerful  on  this  Chinese  New  Year,  so 
reasoned  some  Chinatownians,  because  of  the  war,  but 
after  all  the  fighting  is  in  competent  hands. 

There  was  one  amusing  incident  growing  out  of 
this  no-firecrackers-on-Chinese-New-Year  affair.  An 
American  resident  on  Nob  Hill,  which  fringes  China- 
town, penned  a  letter  to  the  Chronicle  and  expressed 
considerable  relief  in  knowing  that  there  would  not  be 
any  "eight-day-and-night  devil-chase  with  dynamite  fire- 
crackers" on  Chinese  New  Year.  He  spoke  many  good 
words  for  the  Chinese  in  behalf  of  many  residents  on 
Nob  Hill,  but  that  they  "do  and  always  will  object  .  .  . 
to  the  annual  eight-day  firecracker  bedlam  that  is  defi- 
nitely shocking  to  the  nerves  by  day,  makes  sleep  virtu- 
ally impossible  by  night  and  altogether  constitutes  a 
serious  fire  hazard."  The  gentleman,  we  gather,  loves 
peace  and  quiet  and  would  like  to  see  others  love  the 
same  things.  We  shall  not  argue  the  points  he  raised 
regarding  the  awful  effects  of  firecrackers,  but  will  let 
the  prosecution  rest  its  case.  Once  we  felt  that  way  too, 
but  the  passing  years  have  taught  us  that  it  is  far  less 
nerve-racking  to  endure  it  all  than  to  rail  against  it, 
since  you  can't  stop  it  anyway. 

(Continued  on  p.  19) 


*s 


Page  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,  1938 


FAR     EAST 


(The  following  is  the  concluding  part  of  an 
historical  survey  of  the  political  relations  be- 
tween China  and  Japan  from  the  earliest  times 
down  to  the  beginning  of  the  present  Sino- 
Japanese  conflict.  This  short,  concise  account 
n  ill  give  readers  the  proper  historical  perspec- 
tive in  reviewing  Sino-Japanese  relations  to- 
day. This  article  is  reprinted  from  The  China 
Quarterly  of  Shanghai,  Vol.  2,  No.  4.) 
(Concluded  from  last  issue) 

The  Tonghak  Rising  broke  out  in  Korea 
in  March  1894  and  the  situation  grew  steadily 
worse.  The  king  of  Korea  thereupon  asked 
China  for  help,  and  Peking  sent  troops,  at 
the  same  time  informing  the  Japanese  govern- 
ment according  to  previous  arrangements.  The 
Japanese  sent  a  still  larger  number  of  troups. 
When  the  insurrection  was  suppressed,  the 
Chinese  forces  prepared  to  depart  and  expected 
the  same  action  from  the  Japanese.  Instead, 
the  latter  declared  that  now  was  the  time  for 
introducing  reforms  in  Korea  and,  at  the  same 
time,  landed  more  troups  and  war  materials. 
Li  Hung-chang  felt  compelled  to  send  more 
troops  and  these  he  dispatched  on  an  English 
vessel  under  English  command.  The  German 
von  Hannecken,  adviser  and  friend  of  Li 
Hung-chang,  was  on  board.  The  Japanese 
captured  the  ship  on  July  25,  1894,  and  sank 
it  on  account  of  its  refusal  to  follow,  although 
it  was  flying  a  neutral  flag.  Only  a  few  of  the 
men  on  board  could  reach  the  safety  of  land 
and  von  Hannecken  was  one  of  those  rescued 
by  the  gunboat  "litis."  From  this  incident 
actual  hostilities  resulted.  On  August  1, 
1934,  war  was  declared.  The  Japanese  were 
completely  victorious  both  on  land  and  sea. 
Port  Arthur  was  taken  and  soon  after  the 
Japanese  were  in  Manchuria.  The  Chinese 
government  sent  Detring,  the  German  com- 
missioner of  customs  at  Tientsin,  to  open 
negotiations.  He  was  not  recognized  by  the 
Japanese  as  he  was  not  properly  accredited 
by  the  Chinese  government.  Li  Hung-chang 
himself  went  to  Japan  after  Weihaiwei  had 
been  taken  in  February,  1895,  and  Newchwang 
in  March  of  the  same  year.  Peace  was  con- 
cluded in  Shimonoseki  on  April  17,  1895. 
Korea  became  "independent,"  and  the  Liao- 
tung  Peninsula  with  Port  Arthur,  Formosa 
and  the  Pescadores  Islands  were  ceded  to 
Japan.  China  paid  a  high  war  indemnity  and 
four  new  treaty  ports  were  opened;  i.e.,  Chung- 
king, Shasi,  Soochow,  and  Hangchow.  Further- 
more, by  virtue  of  the  most-favored-nation 
clause  Japan  was  placed  on  an  equal  footing 
with  the  foreign  powers  and  was  thus  granted 
the  right  to  construct  factories  in  China.  This 
was    a   very    important    point    for    the    future. 

Japan's  advance  in  Manchuria  clashed  with 
the  plan  of  Russia  who,  together  with  France 
and  Germany,  soon  afterwards  protested  to 
Tokyo.  Japan  retroceded  the  Liaotung  Pen- 
insula to  China  and  received  30  million  more 
taels  in  return.  But  Japan  did  not  forget  the 
interference  of  the  foreign  powers.  Ten  years 
later  she  crossed  swords  with  Russia  and 
again  took  possession  of  Liaotung.  Again  she 
pledged  herself  to  honor  the  "independence"  of 
Korea,  but  annexed  it  in  1910,  as  already 
mentioned.  By  this  development  the  thesis  of 
the  formerly  protesting  powers  was  proved, 
"that  Japan's  presence  in  Manchuria  made 
the  independence  of  Korea  appear  as  an  illu- 
sion and  a  continual  threat  to  the  capital  of 
China."  This  last  announcement  proved  itself 
in   the    following   years. 


The  outcome  of  the  Sino-Japanese  war 
showed  China's  weakness  in  unexpected  propor- 
tions. Now  the  other  powers  came  and  divided 
China  quite  openly  into  spheres  of  interest 
and  constructed  naval  and  coaling  stations 
in  different  parts  of  the  Empire.  The  powers 
which  had  supported  China  at  the  conclusion 
of  the  treaty  of  Shimonoseki  took  ample 
reward  for  their  services.  This  scramble  for 
concessions  was  not  without  a  reaction  which 
expressed  itself  in  the  reform  movement  of 
China  in  1899,  in  the  awakening  of  national 
consciousness,  the  increased  foreign  enmity, 
and   in   the   Boxer   uprising   in    1900. 

One  important  effect  of  the  battle  for  con- 
cessions in  China  was  American  intervention 
in  the  Far  East.  In  September,  1899,  John 
Hay,  the  American  Secretary  of  State,  pro- 
posed the  universal  recognition  of  the  principle 
of  the  "open  door"  in  China.  This  obliged 
all  the  powers  to  stand  on  the  same  footing 
without  regard  to  the  so-called  "spheres  of 
interest."  Differences  of  opinion  arose  at  once; 
for  instance.  Japan  struck  to  the  principle  of 
the  "open  door"  while  others  defended  their 
"spheres  of  interest."  As  the  great  powers  of 
Europe  established  bases,  and  in  consequence 
had  the  power  to  be  heard  concerning  East 
Asiatic  questions,  Japan  was  restricted  in  her 
Eastern  policies  and  was  obliged  to  consider 
the  opinions  of  other  nations. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Boxer  trouble  an 
international  army  entered  the  picture,  and 
Japan  took  a  leading  part  because  an  official 
of  the  Japanese  legation  had  been  murdered. 
In  the  course  of  the  war,  the  Japanese  together 
with  the  Germans  and  English,  took  over  the 
rebuilding  of  the  almost-destroyed  section  of 
the  railwav  from  Yangtsun  to  Peking.  They 
occupied  Amoy  in  order  to  have  a  strong  hold 
on  the  mainland  in  the  vicinity  of  Formosa. 
To  avert  later  conflicts  with  heavy  conse- 
quences, the  powers  did  not  insist  on  the 
ceding  of  territory  and  Japan  acted  likewise. 
At  the  conclusion  of  peace  on  September  7, 
1901,  Japan  received  34  million  taels  and  the 
Chinese  government  was  forced  to  send  to 
Japan  a  delegation  bearing  regrets.  After 
accepting  the  conditions  the  Japanese  troops 
were    progressively   withdrawn   from   China. 

TFe  long  threatened  conflict  between  Japan 
and  Russia  came  in  1904-05.  From  the  peace 
treaty  of  Portsmouth  on  August  29,  1905, 
Japan  received  the  long-withheld  peninsula  of 
Liaotung  with  Port  Arthur  and  Dairen,  but 
the  sovereignty  over  Manchuria  was  restored 
to  China.  Russia  had  to  evacuate  Manchuria 
in  stages  and  the  administration  of  the  South 
Manchurian  Railway  went  into  the  hands  of 
the  Japanese.  Japan's  prestige  rose  enor- 
mously through  the  success  of  the  Russo- 
Japanese  war.  She  was  now  placed  among 
the  great  powers  and  became  a  world  factor 
on  which  one  had  to  count.  But  these  suc- 
cesses turned  the  heads  of  the  Japanese  mili- 
tary and  they  became  pretentious  in  their 
demands  and  demeanor.  The  victory  over 
Russia  meant  a  victory  o'-er  the  white  race 
in  Asia.  With  the  peace  treaty  of  Portsmouth 
the  prestige  of  the  European  in  Japan  and 
in  the  whole  of  the  East  was  seriously  shaken. 
Japan  became  an  ally  equal  in  rank  and  a 
respected    opponent. 

The  supremacy  of  China  over  Manchuria 
was  restored,  as  stated,  but  this  was  in  theory 


only.  The  hitherto  prevailing  Russian  influ- 
ence changed  to  a  state  of  guardianship  by 
Japan. 

China  had  remained  neutral  in  the  Russo- 
Japanese  war,  but  both  warring  nations,  with 
good  reasons,  mutually  reproached  each  other 
for  having  abused  China's  neutrality.  China 
was  compelled  to  look  on  helplessly  at  the  war 
between  two  foreign  powers  on  Chinese  soil 
and  at  the  peace  treaty  in  which  the  bone 
of  contention  was  parts  of  the  country  be- 
longing   to    the    Chinese    Empire. 

In  the  agreement  of  June  10,  1907,  between 
Japan  and  France  the  two  nations  mutually 
decided  on  the  right  of  intervention  in  China 
for  the  protection  of  their  interests.  In  1908 
in  consequence  of  the  Tatsu  Maru  Affair 
there  was  a  clash  in  Macao  which  was  followed 
by  a  sharp  boycott  against  Japanese  goods 
in  Canton,  accompanied  by  anti- Japanese  dem- 
onstrations, by  which  the  Japanese  costal  ship- 
ping  suffered   losses   for   a   while. 

1  ne  towns  Changchung,  Kirin,  and  Tsitsi- 
har  in  Manchuria  were  opened  to  international 
trade  in  1907.  Shortly  after,  there  was  again 
a  dispute  over  the  construction  of  a  railway 
in  Manchuria,  which  had  been  agreed  upon 
formerly  by  both  China  and  Japan.  China 
planned  the  extension  of  the  northern  line 
from  Shanhaikwan  via  Hsinmintun  and  Faku- 
men,  but  Japan  opposed  the  construction  and 
built  her  own  line,  Antung-Mukden,  through 
to  Hsinmintun.  Japan  always  protracted  ne- 
gotiations by  new  demands.  In  the  meantime 
she  constructed  her  own  line,  after  which  she 
broke  off  all  negotiations;  China  had  to  give 
in  once  again. 

Southeast  of  Hangkong  are  the  Pratas 
Islands.  These  were  forcibly  occupied  by  the 
Japanese  in  1909,  but  the  Chinese  chased  off 
the  Japanese  officials  and  answered  again  with 
a  boycott  of  Japanese  goods.  In  1911  Japan 
leased   the  Islands. 

Since  China  had  difficult  internal  conflicts 
in  these  years  she  could  only  meet  the  Japa- 
nese arrogance  with  slight  resistance,  and  had 
to  endure  Japanese  influence  in  military  and 
educational  subjects.  The  comparison  of  con- 
ditions in  China  with  the  advance  of  Japan 
and  the  influence  of  European  thought,  to- 
gether with  other  circumstances,  prepared  the 
ground  for  the  Revolution  of  1911.  The 
revolutionary  movement  in  China  found  a 
secret  promoter  in  Japan,  certainly  not  on 
account  of  the  movement  itself  but  in  conse- 
quence of  continual  internal  unrest  which  the 
Japanese  desired.  However,  her  own  financial 
weakness  and  the  fear  of  a  conflict  with 
foreign  powers  prevented  immediate  military 
action. 

The  outbreak  of  the  World  War  gave 
Japan  a  welcome  chance  to  continue  her 
continental  policy.  Having  received  no  reply 
to  her  ultimatum  to  Germany,  Japanese  troops 
attacked  Tsingtao,  which  fell  on  November 
7,  1914.  That  the  taking  of  Tsingtao,  from 
the  standpoint  of  international  law,  was  an 
infringement  of  China's  neutrality,  was  not 
taken  into  account  by  Japan.  She  took  posses- 
sion   of    the    Shantung    railwav    in    October, 

1914,  and  imposed  on  China  on  January   18. 

1915,  the  notorious  Twenty-one  Demands 
which  included  the  protectorate  of  Shantung. 
South  Manchuria  and  Mongolia,  further  ad- 
ministration of  the  coal  and  iron  works  in 
the  Yangtze  Valley,  Japanese  police  in  Chi- 
nese cities  and  other  privileges.    Japan  secured 


February,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


the  acceptance  of  the  principal  points  by  an 
ultimatum  on  May  7,  1915.  Scarcely  a  year 
had  passed  when  new  demands  followed. 
Since  all  the  other  large  powers  were  engaged 
in  the  World  War,  China  fell  entirely  into 
the  hands  of  Japan.  The  blind  German  hate 
of  England  and  America  helped  Japan's  in- 
tentions. England  consented  to  support  Ja- 
pan's claim  to  the  possession  of  the  Shantung 
Peninsula  and  the  latter  promised  to  send  her 
naval  forces  to  the  Mediterranean.  Similar 
commitments  were  obtained  from  France  and 
Russia.  Even  the  United  States  had  bound 
herself  vis-a-vis  Japan.  The  United  States 
entered  the  World  War  under  the  Japanese 
promise  to  maintain  peace  in  the  Pacific,  given 
by  Japan  on  November  3,  1917,  and  in  a 
formal  manner  the  United  States  recognized 
the  special  position  of  Japan  in  relation  to 
China. 

A  secret  treaty  between  Japan  and  China 
in  September,  1918,  brought  China  entirely 
under  the  military  supervision  of  Japan. 
Added  to  that  was  the  financial  dependence 
through  the  Nishihara  loans  by  which  Japan's 
monetary  influence  in  China  was  strongly  ad- 
vanced. Railways,  mines,  iron  works,  and 
taxes  were  given  to  Japan  as  securities.  Thus, 
important  concessions  came  into  Japanese 
hands.  Since  the  civil  wars  in  China  could 
only  help  Japan,  the  political  impotence  of 
China  was  further  maintained  by  frequent 
uprisings  in  which  Japanese  money  flowed 
to  the  agitators,  and  Japanese  troops  often 
took   part. 

As  Germany  had  lost  all  treaty  rights  and 
possessions  in  China  through  the  Treaty  of 
Versailles,  China  naturally  reclaimed  Kiao- 
chow  and  Shantung.  China  expected  the 
cancellation  of  the  treaties  concluded  under 
pressure  with  Japan,  because  they  were  against 
the  fundamental  principles  under  which  the 
League  of  Nations  was  founded.  Now  the 
Entente   powers   showed   their   real   intentions. 


By  the  Versailles  Treaty,  Shantung  was  not 
returned  to  China,  but  was  given  to  Japan. 
Thereupon  China,  rightly  becoming  indignant, 
refused  to  give  her  signature  to  the  Treaty, 
and  in  September,  1919,  declared  of  her  own 
accord  the  discontinuation  of  the  state  of  war 
with   Germany. 

In  consequence  of  the  Washington  Con- 
ference in  1922,  Shantung  and  Kiaochow  were 
finally  given  back  to  China  and  the  railway 
was  returned  against  reimbursement.  Japan 
now  withdrew  her  troops  from  Hankow, 
Peking  and  other  places.  In  the  following 
year  China  declared  that  all  the  treaties  that 
had  been  forced  upon  her  by  the  Japanese 
were  void,  but  Japan  recognized  only  the 
changes  of  the  treaties  of  1915,  which  had 
already  been  changed  by  the  Washington 
Conference. 

In  1925  a  strong  movement  was  started 
in  China  with  the  aim  of  putting  to  an  end 
the  predominance  of  foreign  power  and  of 
giving  the  right  of  self-government  to  the 
people  of  China.  A  boycott  was  instigated 
against  all  wares  and  ships  belonging  to  both 
the  English  and  Japanese.  In  the  Nine-Power 
Treaty  with  China,  concluded  on  February 
6,  1922,  China's  right  to  make  her  own  de- 
cisions was  confirmed  on  the  basis  of  the 
Washington  Conference. 

As  already  pointed  out,  China  sought  to 
harm  Japan  by  using  the  boycott  weapon, 
which  was  quickly  noticeable  in  Japan's  trade. 
China  also  started  to  develop  her  own  indus- 
tries in  order  to  eliminate  Japan  from  the 
Chinese  market.  The  Republic  began  to  build 
railways  in  Manchuria  and  to  make  other 
successful  investments.  Business  elements  in 
Japan  sought  to  direct  the  policies  of  the 
government  toward  China  into  a  more  con- 
ciliatory groove,  because  they  realized  the  slow 
awakening  of  China  and  the  opening  of  new 
channels  of  trade.  However,  against  this 
moderate    course    was    that    of    the    military 


party  which  demanded  a  policy  of  aggression 
and  subjugation.  The  latter,  being  strength- 
ened by  important  Japanese  internal  political 
reasons,  finally  succeeded.  The  result  was  the 
occupation  of  Manchuria  in  the  autumn  of 
1931,  and  the  establishment  of  the  puppet 
state  of  "Manchukuo"  on  February  18,  1932. 
In  order  to  turn  attention  away  from  these 
affairs  in  the  north,  the  Undeclared  Shanghai 
War  of  1932  was  started.  Here  unexpected 
resistance  was  met  from  the  Chinese  19th 
and  5th  Route  Armies  and  after  five  weeks 
of  bloody  conflict,  in  which  the  Japanese  were 
forced  to  change  their  high  command  five 
times,  an  armistice  was  arranged.  Japan  had 
to  be  contented  with  the  evacuation  of  Chinese 
troops  from  a  small  area  around  Shanghai 
in  which  a  special  Chinese  police  body  main- 
tained  law   and   order. 

When  on  February  4,  1933,  the  League 
of  Nations  decided  on  the  results  of  its  in- 
vestigation through  the  Lytton  Commission 
that  no  fault  should  be  accredited  to  China, 
Japan's  procedure  was  clearly  condemned.  The 
Japanese,  in  the  meantime,  had  strengthened 
their  position  in  the  North  and  taken  pos- 
session of  Heilungkiang.  At  the  same  time 
Japanese  regiments  marched  against  Jehol  and, 
in  spite  of  strong  resistance,  forced  the  Chi- 
nese troops  back  of  the  Great  Wall.  Japanese 
airplanes  circled  over  Peiping,  and  China  had 
to  acree  to  withdraw  her  troops  from  the  Great 
Wall  and  Peiping.  For  this  concession  the 
Japanese  promised  to  withdraw  north  of  the 
Wall. 

The  Japanese  military,  however,  continued 
their  pressure  upon  North  China,  weakening 
the  power  of  the  Chinese  government  in  the 
north  by  large-scale  smuggling,  widespread 
traffic  in  drugs,  and  finally  by  establishing 
another  puppet  state,  the  "East  Hopei  Au- 
tonomous Government."  These  activities  fi- 
nally precipitated  a  crisis  in  North  China  and 
led  directly  to  the  present  hostilities. 


THE  SINO- 
JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Day  by  day  resume  of  the  highlights 
of  the  present  "undeclared  war"  between 
China  and  Japan,  continued  from  last 
issue.) 

December  17 — Japanese  troops  make 
formal  entry  into  Nanking. 

December  20 — Large  concentration  of 
Japanese  warcraft  reported  along  the 
coast  of  Kwangtung  province,  presaging 
an  attack. 

Chinese  destroyed  mills  of  nine  Jap- 
anese cotton  spining  companies  in  Tsing- 
tao  which  employ  24,000  Chinese. 

December  23 — China's  Military  Af- 
fairs Commission  is  placed  in  supreme 
control  of  private  and  public  industry. 

Report  that  a  million  laborers  are  rush- 
ing through  a  highway  in  Central  Asia 
which  would  make  possible  the  shipment 
of  war  supplies  from  Russia  to  China. 

December  24 — Japanese  create  an  "au- 
tonomous commission,"  headed  by  an  ob- 


scure Chinese,  to  govern  Nanking. 

December  25 — Japanese  claim  capture 
of  Hangchow,  and  announce  the  block- 
ade of  Tsingtao. 

December  27 — Japanese  report  fall  of 
Tsinan,  capital  of  Shantung. 

December  29  —  Japan  threatens  to 
drive  on  to  Chungking,  1,000  miles  into 
the  interior  in  Szechuan. 

January  1  —  Japanese  planes  circle 
above  Canton  and  bomb  the  city,  causing 
heavy  damage.  Japanese  occupy  Tsing- 
tao. 

January  2 — Gen.  Chiang  Kai-Shek  re- 
ported to  have  rejected  Japanese  peace 
terms  communicated  to  him  by  the  Ger- 
man ambassador  to  China.  The  terms 
were  said  to  include  these  six  points:  an 
economic  agreement  giving  Japan  par- 
ticipation in  China's  national  resources, 
customs  duty,  foreign  trade,  and  avia- 
tion and  other  transport  and  communica- 
tions; conclusion  of  an  agreement  with 
Japan  and  Manchukuo  against  com- 
munism; stationing  of  permanent  Japa- 


nese garrisons  in  China;  establishment  of 
demilitarized  zones  in  regions  to  be  speci- 
fied by  Japan;  creation  of  an  independent 
government  in  Inner  Mongolia;  and  pay- 
ment by  China  of  war  indemnities. 

Janaury  3 — Gen.  Chiang  Kai-Shek  re- 
signs as  chairman  of  the  government's 
executive  council  to  devote  all  his  energies 
to  fighting  the  Japanese.  Dr.  H.  H. 
Kung,  minister  of  finance,  assumes  this 
post  in  place  of  Gen.  Chiang. 

January  4 — Japanese  capture  Kufow, 
birthplace  of  Confucius  in  Shantung. 

January  5 — Japanese  clamp  censorship 
on  Shanghai  and  plan  abolition  of 
French  and  British  concessions  in  Tient- 
sin. 

January  11 — Japan's  supreme  war 
council  meet  with  the  Cabinet  and  Em- 
peror Hirohito  to  adopt  a  fundamental 
policy  toward  China. 

China's  armies  reorganize  for  guerilla 
warfare  against  the  invaders. 

January  13 — Two  Japanese  armies  re- 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


r** 


Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,   1938 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah   Lee 


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES 
AND  INVENTIONS 

NUMBERS  76-80.  THE  CHINESE 
INVENTED  COINAGE  500  YEARS 
BEFORE  LYDIA;  INCLUDING  THE 
PIERCED  COINS,  THE  RIMMED 
COINS,  THE  COMMEMORATIVE 
COINS,  AND  THE  STACKABLE 
COINS. 

(Concluded  from  last  issue) 
Coinage  in  China 

In  ancient  China  as  elsewhere,  barter- 
ing was  eventually  replaced  by  trade  with 
a  variety  of  commodities  as  money;  jade 
and  other  precious  stones;  grain  and 
bricks  of  salt;  silk  and  other  textiles;  tor- 
toise shells,  pearl  oyster  shells,  and  cow- 
ries; cinnabar  and  mercury;  fish,  pigs,  and 
other  live-stock;  gold,  silver,  bronze,  tin, 
zinc,  lead  and  other  metals. 

Metal  objects,  such  as  knives,  swords, 
spades,  chisels,  and  hoes  were  popular 
money  because  of  their  utility  and  com- 


pactness. (In  China  these  were  used 
alongside  with  gold  and  silver  bullion, 
cast  in  the  form  of  a  boat,  called  sycee, 
and  are  still  used  to  this  day.)  In  the 
twelfth  century  B.  C,  bronze  miniatures 
of  tools  and  utensils  were  cast,  each  model 
perhaps  intended  to  equal  the  value  of 
the  original  which  in  all  probability  was 
of  coarser  metal. 

Thus,  whereas  the  West  derived  their 
coins  from  ingots  or  pellets  of  precious 
metals,  the  Chinese  derived  theirs  from 
tools  of  bronze  or  brass.  The  high  re- 
gard for  bronze  and  the  remarkable  skill 
of  the  early  Chinese  in  casting  may  have 
something  to  do  with  this.  These  utensil 
coins  are  known  as  pu  or  pi,  meaning 
cloth  or  silk,  because  textiles  were  form- 
erly used  as  money.  Even  in  our  time  it 
has  continued  to  be  a  form  of  money,  es- 
pecially for  taxes  and  tribute.    So  much 


silk  was  collected  at  the  capital  that  when 
the  Imperial  storage  of  silk  was  ordered  to 
be  sold  to  the  public  in  1912  at  a  little 
below  market  price,  the  sale  was  still 
going  on  when  the  Japanese  invaded  Pei- 
ping  in  1937!  Many  utensil  coins  of  un- 
usual shapes  are  recorded,  but  four  types 
deserve  our  special  attention:  the  cowry 
coins,  the  gong  coins,  the  axe  or  spade 
coins,  and  the  sword  coins. 
Utensil  Coins 
The  cowry-shaped  coins  are  known  as 
the  "dragon  eyes"  or  the  "ant  head"  coins. 
It  is  undoubtedly  a  metal  medal  of  the 
cowry  shell  which  were  used  extensively 
and  perhaps  exclusively  during  the  Shang 
Dynasty.  Recent  excavations  of  Shang 
sites  revealed  many  of  these  cowries,  but 
apparently  no  other  types  of  money.  In 
all  probability  metal  models  of  these 
shells    led    to    the    displacement    of    the 


r 


Thi    B«GinninG5    of    5,000     veaRs    oe    comnQi    m   chicia 


£*«•!£ 


[riote  borderK 


City  of  ftn 
"Tu/o   axes" 


r 

'Carries   ejmt .  Superior  Wan    Shih 

metal     i/iilue,    1    Hudn"     [.State  of   (ho  I 


[   Note 
J    hold] 


MiiLfiR,  mm  bottom      mm  w\  mm) 

"" As- 


flxe  of 
The  City  of  Ch'i 

HOLLOW  tittWl 


SI    [AT 


'  Trade' 


Chuno  Tu  I  Ui 

rmc(  County       [State  of  m] 

..POIflKD"    FIAT  BOROff 


(hinf  May  1 


VJ 

V/aiwt-     Volue 
500         5000 


unui  in  1 -J-     £    t«  If    4? 
HimoRiW*    «■   Y    »*    *. 


Wiang   riangs      ToKeos 


\1ZZ    B.C.    to      23  fl.O 


Vj  actual  size 


,«#■' 


February,    1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah    Lee 


originals.  They  may  have  been  cast 
as  early  as  the  beginning  of  the  Chou 
Dynasty,  although  as  late  as  611  B.  C. 
Chuang  Wang  of  the  State  of  Ch'i  issued 
two  kinds  of  "bean-shaped  coins"  to  re- 
place the  cowries  within  his  kingdom. 
Some  cowry  coins  have  a  wooden  base  at- 
tached to  them,  and  a  few  are  of  lead. 
The  flat,  oval  "devil's  head"  coin  is  prob- 
ably a  later  form  of  cowry  coin.  Like  the 
flat  coins  of  India  it  may  have  been  struck 
off  a  bar  and  is  highly  inscribed.  The 
latter  are  found  in  Weihsien  of  Shan- 
tung. 

The  gong  or  musical  plate  is  known 
as  the  ch'in  (or  kings) .  They  are  not  un- 
like the  musical  triangle  of  the  West,  and 
are  struck  with  a  wooden  mallet.  The 
originals  are  of  pottery  or  jade,  but  pos- 
sibly metal  ch'ins  are  not  unknown.  They 
are  often  called  bridge  coins  because  of 
their  shape.  Some  are  curved  while  others 
are  angular,  and  a  few  have  ends  which 
terminate  with  lion  or  dragon  heads. 
Related  to  the  gong  coin  is  the  bell  coin, 
shaped  like  a  cow  bell.  Because  no  weight 
mark  is  ever  found  on  them  Chinese 
numismatists  have  expressed  doubt  on  this 
class  as  coins. 

The   Axe   or   Spade   Coins 

The  axe  coins  are  known  as  chin,  but 
are  often  also  referred  to  as  spade  or 
"shirt"  coins  because  the  shape  is  rather 
ambiguous.  They  probably  had  their  be- 
ginning during  the  first  half  of  the  Chou 
Dynasty,  although  the  ideographs  on 
some  of  them  are  decidedly  pre-Chou  in 
style.  The  earlier  miniatures  have  hollow 
handles,  often  with  a  tiny  hole  on  one 
side,  while  the  later  ones  were  made 
from  flat  plates  and  had  solid  handles. 
They  are  found  in  states  which  once  oc- 
cupied the  modern  provinces  of  Shan- 
tung, northern  Kiangsu,  northern  Honan, 
Hopei,  eastern  Shensi,  and  Shansi. 

Ax  coins  may  provisionally  be  divided 
into  five  classes.  The  Angular  Tip  and 
Angular  Type  may  be  the  oldest  known. 
One  gives  both  the  place  of  origin  and 
the  value:  "City  of  An,  two  axes."  Others 
apparently  give  weight  and  value  (pro- 
visional translation;  the  ideographs  being 
very  vague) :  "Carries  exact  and  superior 
metal,  worth  a  huan,"  "Carries  half  (the 
amount  of)  superior  (metal) ,  two  metal 
worth  a  huan."  One  such  coin  is  guilded, 
and  another  has  raised  border. 

Equally  antique  is  another  type  with 
rounded  handles  and  rounded  tips.  Only 
place  names  are  discernable  in  this  type: 
"Wan  Shih"    (of   the   State   of   Ch'u), 


"Lu  Yang"  (of  the  State  of  Lu) ,  etc. 
One  has  holes  on  the  handle  and  the 
two  tips. 

The  class  with  hollow  handles  are  with- 
out tips  but  have  concave  cutting  edges. 
Inscriptions  include:  "City  of  Lu"  (of 
the  State  of  Ch'i) ,  "Axe  money  of  the 
State  of  Ch'i."  One  has  the  character 
"lu"  on  the  obverse,  another,  the  char- 
acter "shang"  (trade) .  The  latter  is  the 
smallest  of  this  class  known,  being  only 
one  and  a  half  inches  in  length. 

The  fourth  class  have  pointed  tips  and 
angular  handle.  One  has  "P'ing  Chuan" 
(State  of  Ch'i)  inscribed,  and  another  has 
"Kan  Tan"  (probably  also  of  the  State  of 
Ch'i)   inscribed. 

The  so-called  "shirt"  money  (huo  pu, 
merchandise  coins)  are  not  a  representa- 
tion of  shirts,  as  was  generally  supposed, 
but  probably  merely  elongated  form  of 
the  axe  coins.  The  tips  and  handles  of 
these  coins  are  identical  to  the  angular 
type,  but  there  are  now  holes  through 
the  handles  so  that  they  may  be  strung 
together.  The  habit  of  stringing  coins 
dates  back  to  the  time  when  cowries  were 
so  strung.  One  such  "shirt"  coin  reads: 
shu  pu  tang  shih  hua  (special  pu;  equal 
to  ten  in  exchange) . 

Wang  Mang  the  reformer  (A.  D.  9- 
23)  produced  shirt  coins  in  ten  sizes,  rang- 
ing from  one  and  one-fourth  to  two  and 
one-fourth  inches  in  length.  They  are 
fictitiously  valued  in  hundred  units,  from 
one  hundred  to  one  thousand,  by  ten  code 
words,  as  follows:  tiny,  small,  young,  next, 
subordinate,  middle,  mature,  approxi- 
mate, second  best,  largest.  Needless  to 
say,  they  are  highly  devaluated  tokens. 
Sword  Coins 

The  tao  or  sword  coins  were  produced 
in  abundance  toward  the  end  of  the  Chou 
Dynasty  (680-225  B.  C.)  in  the  Shan- 
tung Kiaochow  Bay  area  and  were  used 
extensively  in  the  South  Sea  trade.  Cer- 
tain bronze  knives  excavated  from  the 
Ordos  Desert  region  were  remarkably 
similar  to  these  bronze  swords.  The  han- 
dles of  all  of  them  terminate  with  a  loop 
for  stringing. 

Four  types  of  sword  coins  are  recogniz- 
able. An  early  type,  of  various  sizes  and 
shapes,  is  characterized  by  fine  metal  con- 
tent and  sharp  cutting  edge  or  extreme 
thinness.  They  have  a  simple  mark  or 
code  word  which  is  beyond  deciphering. 

The  second  type  is  a  large,  well  cast 
knife  with  pointed  tip,  produced  chiefly 
by  the  State  of  Ch'i,  but  also  Yen,  Chao, 
and  other  states  which  formed  strong  trad- 


ing alliances.  One  is  marked  "Precious 
coin  of  An  Yang,"  another  "State  of 
Ch'i,  Precious  currency,"  while  a  third 
has  "City  of  Chi  Mo,  Its  Precious  Cur- 
rency" (the  word  "precious"  is  a  tenta- 
tive deciphering  only) .  The  reverse  of 
nearly  all  of  them  has  the  inscription 
"three  ten"  (thirty)  followed  by  a  single 
word  (star,  sun,  upward,  peace,  etc.) 
which  may  be  a  motto  or  a  mint  code. 
The  "City  of  Chi  Mo"  coin  has  the  phrase 
"Extend  Frontier"  on  the  reverse  and  is 
believed  to  be  the  earliest  commemorative 
coin  known. 

The  third  type  is  a  medium-sized  knife 
with  a  blunt  tip  and  is  known  as  the  Ming 
knife,  being  produced  by  the  City  of 
Ming  at  Chao,  and  most  of  them  have 
the  character  "Ming"  inscribed  on  the 
obverse.  The  reverse  generally  contains 
a  single  character,  such  as  left,  right,  out- 
side, etc. 

The  fourth  type  is  the  graving  knife  of 
Wang  Mang.  It  has  sharp  edges  but  a 
very  short  blade.  The  handles  of  these 
graving  knives  have  degenerated  into  a 
circular  disc  with  a  small  square  hole  in 
the  center.  From  this,  most  writers  be- 
lieve they  can  trace  the  beginning  of  the 
cash  coin  (through  the  final  elimination 
of  the  short  blade) .  But,  as  we  shall 
see  later,  circular  coins  were  made  before 
the  appearance  of  the  earliest  known 
graving  knives!  Wang  Mang's  knives  are 
tokens.  Of  the  same  size,  one  is  inscribed 
"Graving  Knife,  worth  500,"  while  an- 
other has  "Graving  Knife,  worth  5,000," 
the  latter  being  in-laid  in  gold.  Graving 
knives  were  also  issued  by  Emperor  Hsien 
Feng  (1851-1862  A.  D.)  in  his  desperate 
effort  to  solve  the  financial  crisis  occa- 
sioned by  the  T'ai  P'ing  rebellion. 

(Next  issue:  The  origin  of  the  round 
cash  coin.  Also  Reference  List.)  Copy- 
righted, 1937,  by  Chingwah  Lee. 


1 

EDITH  M. 

JOHNSON 

Pianist  an 

d  Instructor 

Lessons  gi 

ven  at  your 

home  or 

at  studio 

2200  Franklin  St., 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Phone  PRospecr  6606 

HIV   ' 


Page  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,   1938 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


SAN  FRANCISCO  CHINA- 
TOWN'S SOCIAL   PROBLEMS 

(Continued  from  last  issue) 
The  social  problems  of  the  Chinese  in 
San  Francisco  are  varied  and  many,  but 
for  the  sake  of  discussion  we  have  named 
only  five,  and  in  the  last  issue  of  the 
Chinese  Digest,  the  mention  has  been 
made  of  the  need  for  (1)  an  adequate 
housing  program  for  the  Chinese  families, 
(2)  a  dormitory  for  working  girls  and 
single  women,  (3)  a  non-sectarian  social 
center  for  the  community.  To  conclude 
this  discussion,  it  is  also  evident  that  (4) 
a  Chinese  cultural  center  for  mature  stu- 
dents, and  (5)  a  vocational  guidance 
bureau  and  employment  service  should  be 
included  among  the  community's  social 
needs. 

A  Chinese  Cultural  Center 
San  Francisco  Chinatown  is  on  the  main 
highway  bridging  the  Orient  and  the 
Occident.  It  is  the  gateway  for  the  Ameri- 
cans going  to  China,  and  the  chief  port 
for  the  Chinese  coming  to  America.  San 
Francisco  enjoys  the  unique  advantage 
over  all  other  Pacific  Coast  cities  because 
in  her  metropolitan  area  is  the  largest 
Chinese  population  on  the  Western  hem- 
isphere. Teachers  and  men  of  letters  from 
the  East  and  West  pass  through  the  port 
of  San  Francisco,  and  Chinatown  is  a 
meeting  point  for  Americans  and  Chinese 
travelers. 

With  advantages  that  no  other  com- 
munity can  equally  match  on  this  side  of 
the  Pacific,  San  Francisco  Chinatown 
lacks  a  cultural  center  for  general  and 
specific  Sinological  studies.  There  are 
Chinese  language  schools  that  are  meeting 
the  needs  for  the  elementary  and  junior 
high  school  students,  and  beyond  those 
levels  there  are  two  secondary  schools  with 


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a  small  enrollment  each;  but  there  is  no 
instruction  for  those  who  want  to  advance 
their  studies  on  China  and  things  Chinese. 
In  far  away  New  York  there  is  a  China 
institute,  and  even  in  Los  Angeles  there 
is  a  China  Society  of  Southern  California, 
but  here  in  San  Francisco  the  Chinese  are 
either  too  busy  or  lack  interest  in  form- 
ing a  Sinological  institute  to  promote  the 
study  of  Chinese  culture  and  civilization. 
Sino-American  Institute 

There  is  a  real  need  in  the  community 
for  a  combination  of  school,  library,  and 
museum.  Classes,  institutes,  and  forums 
could  be  held  with  the  scholars  of  China 
and  America.  Literature,  research  ma- 
terial, and  documents  in  English  and  Chi- 
nese should  be  made  available  to  the  pub- 
lic. And  the  early  history  of  the  Chinese 
in  California  and  other  states  could  be  ac- 
curately recorded,  and  the  documents  per- 
taining to  that  period  carefully  preserved. 
The  Chinese  Trade  and  Travel  Bureau 
has  made  a  pioneer  start  in  that  direc- 
tion, as  has  the  Chinese  Digest  also; 
and  if  there  is  community  support,  a  Sino- 
American  institute  could  be  organized  by 
a  group  of  public  spirited  citizens  to 
further  the  study  and  promotion  of  Chi- 
nese culture  in  this  city. 

Social  Unrest 

With  the  social  scene  moving  so  rapidly 
in  the  country  as  a  whole,  youth  today  is 
bewildered  with  the  social  and  economic 
complexities  of  society.  Social  security 
and  a  fair  opportunity  to  earn  a  living 
are  two  fundamental  desires  of  our  young 
people,  but  instead  of  vocational  guidance 
and  intelligent  economic  planning  they  are 
thrown  out  in  the  labor  market.  Once  out 
in  the  workaday  world,  the  survival  of  the 
fittest  seems  to  be  the  only  criterion  for 
success,  and  as  a  result  those  that  do  not 
fit  become  malcontents  and  breed  social 
unrest. 

Vocational  Guidance   Bureau 

A  vocational  guidance  bureau  should  be 
established  in  the  community  with  the  co- 
operation of  the  public  schools,  social 
agencies,  church,  and  parents.  This  bu- 
reau should  make  a  careful  survey  of  the 
economic  opportunities  available  to  the 
American-born  Chinese.  Due  to  the  racial 
situation,  not  many  vocations  are  open 
to  the  Chinese  youth.  Vocational  coun- 
selors should  advice  young  people  to  get 
the  right  training  for  the  right  jobs. 
Scientific  tests  and  measurements,  though 
not  100  per  cent  foolproof,  should  be  em- 
ployed to  measure  aptitude,  abilities,  and 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


CALIFORNIA  STATE 
EMPLOYMENT  SERVICE 
HAS  CHINESE  BRANCH 

Few  people  know  that  in  Chinatown, 
located  at  1048  Stockton  street,  is  a 
branch  of  the  California  State  Employ- 
ment Service,  opened  more  than  a  year 
ago.  Many  thousands  of  dollars  have 
been  saved  for  the  Chinese  through  this 
organization,  as  it  does  not  charge  fees  for 
its  service.  At  the  present  time,  there 
are  over  a  thousand  people  registered  with 
the  Service  for  work. 

The  staff  of  the  California  State  Em- 
ployment Service  has  been  increased  dur- 
ing the  past  few  months.  The  Chinese 
division  is  interested  in  seeking  the  reg- 
istration of  as  many  of  the  unemployed 
Chinese  as  possible  in  an  endeavor  to  learn 
what  the  labor  market  is  in  Chinatown 
and  also  the  possibility  of  finding  work 
for  the  unemployed.  Especially  is  the 
organization  interested  in  recent  school 
graduates  with  technical  and  professional 
training  in  order  to  interest  employers  in 
hiring   Chinese. 

Samuel  D.  Lee,  recently  with  the  State 
Relief  Administration,  is  now  connected 
with  the  Chinese  Division  of  the  Service. 
He  states  that  the  job  is  most  challeng- 
ing because  the  situation  of  the  people 
registered  with  the  California  State  Em- 
ployment Service  is  that  of  a  large  group 
of  employable  and  capable  people  with- 
out jobs.  The  service  of  the  C.  S.  E.  S. 
is  most  important  in  that  it  is  a  stop  gap 
between  an  individual  and  his  last  job 
and  the  relief  organization. 

(Since  the  above  was  written  the  China- 
town office  of  the  CSES  has  been  removed 
to  1690  Mission  street.  The  fact  that  the 
new  office  is  some  distance  from  the  Chi- 
nese community  is  a  definite  handicap  for 
the  Chinese  unemployed  who  wish  to  reg- 
ister at  the  CSES  for  work  and  lessens 
considerably  the  utility  of  the  Chinese  di- 
vision of  this  service.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  another  office  for  this  department 
may  be  found  in  Chinatown  again  soon.) 
o 

Recently  a  WPA  project  in  New  York 
made  a  survey  of  manners  of  the  various 
classes  of  people  living  in  this  metrop- 
olis. They  found  that  the  most  polite 
class  of  people   was  the  Chinese. 


Josh  Lee,  Oklahoma  Democrat,  told 
his  senate  colleagues  how  to  fix  the  cotton 
surplus  situation  in  the  country:  "Get  the 
450,000,000  Chinese  to  lengthen  their 
shirttails  half  an  inch." 


*/&#' 


February,    1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


THE    JADE    BOX 


JUST 
COMMENTING 

The  day  for  sustained  interest  or  the 
ability  to  follow  a  single  subject  through 
to  a  certain  conclusion  is  gone.  So  I  was 
informed  at  a  publication  problems  con- 
ference. Or  perhaps  I  misunderstood. 
Maybe  the  powers  that  be  really  meant 
women  now  are  "many  minded"  as  well 
as  "busy-bodies"  and  hence,  should  be 
given  a  lot  to  do  and  to  think  about. 
In  other  words,  women  like  to  busy  them- 
selves wanting  to  know  a  little  about 
a  lot.  Comprehend?  Well,  here  goes! 
o 

FROM  BREAKFAST 
TO  DINNER 

All  meeting  marathon  records  were 
shattered  the  other  Sunday  when  the 
Breakfast  club  invited  Dr.  Chen  Han- 
seng,  Chinese  agrarian  economy  expert, 
professor  of  history,  and  lecturer,  to  their 
weekly  breakfast  meeting.  Before  the 
meeting  broke  up,  the  eminent  visitor 
reciprocated  the  group's  kindness  by  in- 
viting them  to  dinner.  When  the  young 
people  finally  bade  Dr.  Chen  good-bye 
at  5  p.  m.,  (the  meeting  started  at  9 
in  the  morning)  their  endurance  netted 
them  these  rewards:  a  searching  analysis 
of  the  Sino-Japanese  conflict;  an  opti- 
mistic preview  of  China's  regeneration 
and  reconstruction,  intellectually,  econom- 
ically, and  politically  (particular  empha- 
sis was  given  to  the  place  of  women  in 
this  future  China) ;  and  several  sugges- 
tions on  bibliographical  and  periodical 
references  for  "self-familiarization"  with 
the  past,  present,  and  future  of  China 
and  her  relations  with  other  peoples. 
(Meeting  enthusiasts,  here's  to  more, 
longer,  and  better  meetings!  Do  I  hear 
a  second?)  But  really,  ladies,  go  up 
sometimes  to  the  Sunday  Breakfast  club 
meetings  (held  at  the  Chinese  Y.  W.) 
and  you  will  find  yourselves  better  in- 
formed on  the  Far  Eastern  situation. 
Also,  this  group  of  energetic  young  peo- 
ple serves  the  best  breakfasts  to  be  had 
on  Sundays! 


P'ing  Yu 


PARADE  OF  LISLE  STOCKINGED  FEET 

"Be  in  style,  wear  lisle."  So  chime  these  Square  and  Circle  Club  members  who  are  taking 
an  active  part  in  the  anti-silk  movement  now  daily  gaining  momentum  throughout  the  country. 
They  are  cooperating  with  peace-loving  women  everywhere  who  are  refusing  to  give  further 
aid  to  Japan's  militarists  by  banning  the  use  of  silk — Japan's  chief  export. 

The  happy-looking  young  ladies  pictured  above  are,  from  left  to  right,  Daisy  Chinn,  Pearl 
Mew,  Minnie  Lee,  Bertha  Wong,  Lillian  Yuen,  Alice  Fong,  and   May   Lum. 


LADY  PRECIOUS 
STREAM 

I  simply  adore  you!  Let  me  salute 
you  for  your  "oldenity."  We  moderns 
certainly  can  take  a  few  tips  from  you. 
We  have  been  assailed,  perhaps  unjustly 
at  times,  but  some  of  us  are  pretty  dumb 
when  it  comes  to  knowing  what  we  want 


and  worse  if  we  had  to  go  to  the  bat 
to  get  what  we  want.  Take  this  war, 
for  instance.  A  lot  of  us  don't  know 
whether  or  not  we  want  to  be  interested  in 
it,  a  few  don't  know  what  to  do  to  help 
out  China's  cause,  and  a  great  many 
know  what  can  be  done  to  help  stop 
this  mad  aggression,  but  most  of  us  are 
just  not  willing  to  fight  in  the  one  way 
that  is  open  for  us  women.  We  moderns 
simply  can't  take  it.  To  suffer  the  dis- 
comfort and  the  unattractiveness  of  not 
wearing  silk?  Why  it's  too  silly  and 
fanatical! 

Lady  Precious  Stream,  you're  terribly 
old-fashioned— to  give  up  all  your  finer- 
ies for  your  Hsieh  Ping  Kwei — but  you 
knew  what  you  wanted  and,  best  of  all, 
you  were  willing  to  fight  for  it!  Ah,  me, 
it's  true  we  don't  live  in  your  age — but 
we  surely  can  stand  losing  some  of  our 
namby-pamby  modernity  and  having 
more  of  your  spunky  "oldenity." 


YOU  FIND  YOUR  BLOOD 
CURDLING  THESE  DAYS? 

Yessiree,  if  we  were  to  allow  ourselves 
to  curl  up  under  heavy  clothing  and  to 
give  in  to  the  temptation  of  staying  in- 
actively indoors  hugging  the  heater  and 
breathing  foul  and  warm  air.  You  know 
how  we  generally  spend  our  winter 
months — eating  heavy  foods,  neglecting 
exercise,  getting  a  sluggish  constitution, 
and  lazy  pores,  and,  we  wonder  why  we 
have  to  nurse  colds  and  tolerate  bad 
dispositions.  Here's  a  good  winter  recipe. 
Girls,  to  arms!  wield  a  mean  racket  at 
a  tennis  foursome,  kick  those  lazy  leg 
muscles  at  a  "Y"  tank,  breathe  the  tang 
of  Golden  Gate  park's  invigorating  air 
on  a  breath-taking  gallop,  and  see  if 
your  mirror  won't  start  reflecting  a  happy 
rosy-cheeked  surprise. 

Well,   tulu   until   next   time. 


Page   10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,    1938 


REVIEWS    AND  COMMENTS 

William  Hoy 


RECENT  BOOKS  ON  CHINA 

AND  THINGS  CHINESE 

History,  Politics,  and  Current  Affairs 

Red  Star  Over  China.  By  Edgar 
Snow.  474  pp.  N.  Y.:  Random  House. 
$3. 

A  dramatic  first  account  of  the  be- 
ginning and  growth  of  the  Chinese 
communist  "state"  in  China,  including 
a  12,000  word  autobiography  of  its 
leader,   Mao  Tse-tung. 

First  Act  in  China.  By  James  M. 
Bertram.  284  pp.  N.  Y.:  The  Viking 
Press.  $3. 

An  account  of  the  inside  story  of 
Chiang  Kai-Shek's  kidnapping  in  Sian 
in  1936.  Contains  analysis  of  various 
political  factions  of  the  Nanking  gov- 
ernment and  the  "United  Front"  policy 
of   China's   communists. 

I  Speak  for  the  Chinese.  By  Carl 
Crow.  84  pp.  N.  Y.:  Harpers.  $1. 

A  short,  running,  readable  account  of 
Sino-Japanese  political  relations  which 
led  to  the  present  conflict  between  the  two 
nations. 

When  China  Unites.  By  Harry 
Gannes.  306  pp.  N.  Y.:  Alfred  A. 
Knopf.   $2.50. 

An  interpretative  history  of  China's 
politics  during  recent  years  from  a  pro- 
communist  viewpoint.  The  author  is  a 
columnist  on  the  "Daily  Worker,"  Amer- 
ican  communist   organ. 

General  Chiang  Kai-Shek.  By  Gen- 
eral and  Mme.  Chiang  Kai-Shek.  Illus. 
187  pp.  N.  Y.:  Doubleday-Doran  & 
Co.  $2. 

An  historically  important  first  hand 
account  of  General  Chiang's  kidnapping 
in  Sian. 

Art 

Chinese  Ceramic  Glazes.    By  A.  L. 

Hetherington.  N.  Y.:  MacMillan  Co.; 
a  Cambridge  Univ.  book.   $3. 

On  the  scientific  principles  of  glazing 
from  the  Han  to  the  Ching  dynasties, 
by  an  authority  on  ceramics. 

A  Grammar  of  Chinese  Lattice.  By 
Daniel  S.  Dye.  2  vols.  Cambridge, 
Mass.;  Harvard  Univ.  Press.  $10. 

Reproductions   of  designs  with   a  his- 
tory of  the   development  of   the  lattice 
in  China,  and  other  notes. 
Poetry,  Proverbs,  and  Philosophy 

The  Book  of  Songs.  Translated 
from  the  Chinese  by  Arthur  Waley. 
358  pp.  Boston:  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
$3. 

A  new  English  translation  of  China's 
ancient  Book  of  Odes  (Shih-King),  a 
collection  of   folk-songs.     The  arrange- 


ment is  by  topical  headings  instead  of 
by  numbers,  as  James  Legge,  the  first 
translator,  did.  This  work  contains  290 
of  the  original  305  pieces,  and  several 
illuminating  appendices. 

Chinese  Lyrics.  Translated  into 
English  Verse  by  Ch'u  Takao.  55  pp. 
N.  Y.:  MacMillan  Co.  $2. 

Translations  from  the  work  of  Sung 
poets,  a  field  long  neglected.  Introduc- 
tion   by    Sir    Arthur    Quiller-Couch. 

700  Chinese  Proverbs.  Translated 
by  Henry  H.  Hart.  83  pp.  Palo  Alto, 
Calif.:  Stanford  Univ.  Press.  $2. 

A  collection  of  sayings  of  China's 
common  people,  classified  and  indexed 
for  easy  reference.  The  translator  has 
supplied  a  good  introductory  essay  on 
the  proverb  and  its  place  in  Chinese  life. 
Foreward  is  by  Patrick  P.  Sun,  deputy 
consul  of  the  Consulate  General  of  China 
in  San  Francisco. 

The  Analects  of  Confucius.  Trans- 
lated from  the  Chinese  by  William  E. 
Soothill.  254  pp.  N.  Y.:  Oxford  Univ. 
Press.   $.80. 

The  first  Chinese  title  to  appear  in 
the  World's  Classics  series.  This  trans- 
lation first  appeared  in  1910  and  is  now 
published  in  a  pocket  edition.  A  new 
introduction  has  been  written  by  Lady 
Hosie,  the  translator's  daughter. 
General  Works 

The  Importance  of  Living.  By  Lin 
Yutang.  459  pp.  N.  Y.:  Reynal  & 
Hitchcock;  a  John  Day  book.  $3. 

In  this  present  work  Lin  Yutang  tells 
what  he  has  learned  and  how  he  feels 
about  the  Chinese  philosophy  of  life. 
It  is  not  intended  to  be  a  book  of  "in- 
spiration" but,  according  to  Dr.  Lin, 
"a  personal  testimony  ...  of  my  own 
experience  of  thought  and  life."  It  is 
even  more  readable  than  My  Country  and 
My  People,  and  written  in  the  same 
easy,  witty  but  nonetheless  learned  man- 
ner. 

Chinese  Women:  Yesterday  and  To- 
day. By  Florence  Ayscough.  Illus. 
324  pp.  Boston:  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
$3.50. 

Mrs.  Ayscough  has  filled  a  long  felt 
need  by  writing  this  book  which  pictures 
life  and  accomplishments  of  China's 
eminent  and  talented  women,  past  and 
present.  She  has  included  writers,  po- 
etesses, educators,  warriors,  and  the  states- 
manlike Soong  sisters  of  present-day 
China.  Invaluable  also  is  the  author's 
data  on  Chinese  marriage,  divorce,  concu- 
bines and  courtesans,  the  characteristics 
and  education  of  women.    She  has  also 


made  her  own  translations  of  poems  by 
many  of  the  poetesses  whose  lives  she  de- 
picted. 

400  Million  Customers.  By  Carl 
Crow.  317  pp.  N.  Y.:  Harper  and 
Brothers.  $3. 

An  American  advertising  man  with 
25  years  of  experiences  in  selling  Ameri- 
can and  English  products  to  China's 
millions  tells  how  he  does  it  and  the  joys 
and  tribulations  of  his  calling.  Writing 
in  reminiscent  vein  author  Crow,  who 
has  a  buoyant  sense  of  humor,  tells  what 
he  has  learned  of  Chinese  phychology 
and  the  Chinese  characteristics  of  humor, 
skepticism,  frugality,  conservatism  and 
shrewd  business  sense. 
Children's   Books 

Tales  of  a  Chinese  Grandmother. 
By  Frances  Carpenter.  Illustrated  by 
Malthe  Hasselriis.  262  pp.  N.  Y.: 
Doubleday,  Doran  Co.  $2.50. 

One  of  the  best  books  of  Chinese 
stories  and  legends  for  children  to  be 
published  in  a  long  time.  Tales  known 
to  practically  every  Chinese  boy  and  girl 
are  here  retold:  Pan-ku,  who  made  the 
world,  the  Chinese  kitchen  god,  the  Dra- 
gon king's  daughter,  the  Empress  with 
big  feet,  the  fox  fairy,  the  monkey  king, 
and  the  girl  in  the  mirror,  etc.  The 
many  full  page  paintings  in  color  bring 
the  story  figures  to  life. 

The  Story  of  Li-Lo.  By  Ann  Mer- 
sereau.  With  pictures  in  color  by  Fini 
Rudiger.  N.  Y.:  Harpers.  $1. 

Little  Li-Lo  could  not  understand  some 
of  the  customs  of  his  native  land,  such 
as  boys  wearing  skirts,  girls  wearing  trou- 
sers, shaking  one's  own  hands  instead  of 
the  other  fellow's,  reading  up  and  down 
instead  of  across  the  printed  page.  etc. 
Someone  then  showed  him  another  coun- 
try where  people  did  things  the  other 
way,  and  then  Li-Lo  decided  his  own 
country's  customs  were  not  so  illogical 
after  all.  The  drawings  add  to  the  hu- 
mor of  the  story. 

Pigtails.  By  Joanna  Hekking.  Illus- 
trated by  Molly  Castle.  112  pp.  N.  Y. : 
Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co.  $2. 

Depicting  the  everyday  life  of  Chinese 
children  in  the  village,  with  its  occasional 
festivals  and  familiar  celebrations  and 
tales  by  wandering  story-tellers.  Ten 
full  page  pictures  add  charm  to  the  book, 
but  the  story  could  have  been  told  better. 

Beggars  of  Dreams.  By  Mary  B. 
Hollister.  Illustrated  by  Kurt  Wiosc. 
236  pp.  N.  Y. :  Dodd  Mead  and  Co.  $2. 

A  long  story  of  village  and  city  life, 
involving  the   fortune  and  happiness  of 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


Februory,    1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   11 


CHINATOWNIA 


AMERICAN  BOY  WHO  BECAME 
CHINESE  RETURNS  TO  U.  S. 

(Continued  on  p.  19) 

"...  a  strange  case." 

Thus  murmured  R.  H.  Bonham,  di- 
rector of  the  U.  S.  immigration  service 
at  Seattle  recently.  The  "strange  case" 
was  that  of  a  boy  seeking  entrance  to 
tlje  country  who  was,  in  Bonham's  own 
words,  "Chinese  in  demeanor  but  entirely 
white  in  appearance."  The  subject  was 
19  years  old,  racially  a  Caucasian,  but 
spoke  only  Chinese.  He  was  from  the 
Nam  Hoi  district  in  Kawangtung  pro- 
vince and  he  had  come  to  America  to 
join  his  foster  father  in  New  York. 
The  boy's  name  was  Fung  Kwok  Keung. 

Smelling  a  story,  reporters  in  Seattle 
saw  the  youth  and  interviewed  him 
through  an  interpreter.  Within  a  week 
the  story  of  immigration  director  Bon- 
ham's "strange  case"  had  been  published 
throughout  the  nation  and  became  un- 
questionably the  best  "human  interest" 
story  of  the  month.  The  story  of  Fung 
Kwok    Keung    was    almost    enough    to 


shatter  to  pieces  the  oft-quoted  opinions 
of  Kipling  (which  has  become  a  belief) 
that  "East  is  East  and  West  is  West, 
and   never   the   twain   shall   meet." 

One  day  nineteen  years  ago  a  white 
woman  walked  into  a  Chinese  restaurant 
operated  by  Fung  Kwok  Dong  at  Far 
Rockaway,  Long  Island.  In  her  arms 
was  a  newborn  infant,  which  she  offered 
to  sell  Mr.  Fung  for  the  sum  of  only 
one  dollar.     The  "sale"  was  negotiated. 

Two  years  later  the  same  woman  ap- 
peared again  and  asked  for  the  return 
of  the  boy.  Fung  Kwok  Dong  went 
to  court,  won  legal  possession  of  the 
boy  and  adopted  him.  The  boy's  name 
was  changed  from  Joseph  Reinhart  to 
Fung  Kwok  Keung. 

When  the  boy  was  four  his  foster  fa- 
ther took  him  to  China  to  live  with  his 
wife,  Tan  Shee.  Eight  years  ago  the  res- 
taurateur returned  to  America,  but  left 
Kwok  Keung  in  the  village  with  his 
foster  mother. 

Thus  for  15  years  this  Caucasian  boy 
lived  among  an  alien  people  whom  fate 


had  decreed  to  be  his  by  adoption.  He 
learned  to  read  and  speak  Chinese  as 
well  as  any  full  blooded  Chinese  boy, 
and  absorbed  the  traditions  and  customs 
of  China.  In  appearance  he  was  white 
but  in  every  other  way  he  was  a  Chinese. 

Then  last  year  Kwok  Keung,  now  a 
big  strapping  youth,  evinced  a  desire  to 
come  to  America  to  study  science  and 
mechanics  so  that  later  on  he  may  de- 
vote his  life  to  pave  the  way  of  progress 
in  his  adopted  land.  He  communicated 
with  his  foster  father.  The  latter  con- 
sented and  sent  him  money  for  passage. 

After  dodging  and  playing  hide  and 
seek  with  scores  of  reporters,  newsreel 
photographers,  and  hundreds  of  curious 
men  and  women,  Fung  Kwok  Keung 
finally  reached  his  destination  in  New 
York  last  month.  There  his  foster  fa- 
ther, as  confused  as  Kwok  Keung  was 
scared  by  the  interest  the  latter  had 
aroused,  battled  his  way  through  the 
mob  of  reporters  and  took  his  son  home. 
It  was  a  10,000  mile  journey  that  Fung 
Kwok   Keung   will    never    forget. 


POEMS  OF  WAR  PENNED  BY  TWO 
AMERICAN-BORN  CHINESE 

Since  the  beginning  of  the  present 
Sino-Japanese  war  seven  months  ago, 
hundreds  of  American-borns  among  the 
75,000  Chinese  in  America  have  taken 
up  their  pens  to  demonstrate  their  pa- 
triotism and  love  for  the  motherland. 
They  have  written  thousands  of  letters 
to  the  daily  press,  engaged  in  written 
polemics  with  equally  patriotic  Japanese, 
turned  out  mimeographed  publications 
and  printed  pamphlets  of  all  kinds  and 
sizes.  Patriotic  organizations  have  been 
formed  and  these  invariably  have  had 
some  kind  of  a  publication  for  the  mem- 
bers to  express  their  pent-up  emotions 
on  paper.  Some  of  these  publications 
were  thoroughly  amateurish  but  many 
articles  were  well  written,  expressing  deep 
feelings  in  simple  language. 

But  up  until  last  month  no  American- 
born  Chinese  had  yet  expressed  his  or 
her  feelings  and  interpretation  of  the 
Sino-Japanese  war  through  the  medium 
of  poetry,  the  true  language  of  the  emo- 
tions. Here  and  there  students  had  con- 
tributed a  few  stanzas,  but  in  them  the 
poetic  quality  was  conspicuous  by  its 
absence.  They  read  like  slogans  set  in 
rhymes. 

In  the  current  issue  of  Asia,  magazine 
of  the  Orient,  there  appears  a  poem  en- 
titled "War  Landscape,"  by  Gerald  Chan 


Sieg,  an  American-born  Chinese  girl.  As 
the  title  suggests,  it  is  a  landscape  in 
words,  depicting  the  scene  of  a  village  of 
fishermen  before  and  after  the  coming 
of  marauders  from  the  air.  No  emotions 
flow  from  the  writer,  but  simply  a  scene 
of  war's  devastation  and  horror. 

Another  poem,  entitled  "Dream  of 
War,"  is  by  Reuben  Tarn,  fifth  year  stu- 
dent at  the  University  of  Hawaii  in 
Honolulu.  This  poem  won  the  univer- 
sity's recent  Quill  poetry  contest.  In  viv- 
idness and  execution  it  is  inferior  to 
"War  Landscape,"  but  nevertheless  the 
poet's  intention  of  depicting  a  dream  of 
war  is  achieved.  The  two  poems  are 
given  below: 

WAR  LANDSCAPE 

By  Gerald  Chan  Sieg 
Caw,  Caw. 

The   crying  of   crows  above   the   ruined 
village. 

Last  night  a  town  of  fisher  folk: 
Bamboo  houses, 

Nets  drying  on  the  bank  of  the  river, 
And  the  loud  laughter  of  children  in  the 
dusty  street. 

Then  the  roar  of  the  planes,  the  scream 

of  bombs, 
The  long  wild  wail  before  the  dreadful 

stillness, 


The   dragging  hours   until  the  gray  of 
dawn. 

Only  one   is   left  alive,  a  boy  with  both 

feet  crushed 
And  fevered  lips  that  uttered  whispered 

moans. 

Flies  buzz  in  the  grass. 

Ants  crawl  along  the  bamboo  splinters. 

Over  the  Yangtze  climbs  the  burning  sun. 

Caw,  caw. 

The  crying  of  crows   above   the   ruined 
village. 


DREAM  OF  WAR 

By  Reuben  Tam 

Our  feet  are  magnetized  to  earth;  the 
good  dreams 

Are  pulling  in  long  fibers  from  us. 

When  daylight  comes  gravely  calling 

We  shall  rise  and  see  the  same  earth 
beneath  us; 

The  same  leaves  brushing  the  dust; 

The  same  blue  and  purple  flowers,  open- 
throated, 

Still  whispering  in  century-long  silences. 

And  in  the  wind  will  be  faint  tremors 
Of  inglorious  cities  falling; 
A  sudden  warmth  from  plains  over  the 
hills. 

(Continued  on  page  19) 


nii 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Februory,   1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


A  DEBT  REPAID 

(The  S.  F.  News  carries  a  daily  column 
called  "Scene  and  Unseen,"  in  which 
short  human  interest  items  from  all  walks 
of    life    are    published. 

One  of  the  best  of  such  human  interest 
items  appeared  recently,  and  tells  of  a 
Chinese  farmer's  way  of  paying — just  be- 
fore the  New  Year — what  he  considered 
a  just  debt.  The  story  is  considered  au- 
thentic. But  whether  it  is  or  not  it's 
nevertheless  a  heart-warming  little  story, 
worthy  of  the  pen  of  a  Dickens.  We 
are  reprinting  the  piece  in  full  as  it  ap- 
peared in  the  News,  with  the  exception  of 
the  first  paragraph,  which  bears  no  rela- 
tion to  the  story.  The  title  is  of  our  own 
making. — Editor.) 

Many  years  ago,  a  Chinese  farmer  had 
a  son  who  was  the  darling  of  his  heart, 
but  who  was  frightfully  crippled.  To  add 
to  the  farmer's  distress,  there  were  crop 
failures,  and  poverty  in  the  home. 

But  the  gods  listened  to  the  father's 
earnest  prayers.  The  son  was  brought  to 
the  city.  He  was  provided  with  a  good 
surgeon.  For  765  days  he  was  a  charity 
patient  in  the  orthopedic  ward  of  a  fine 
hospital. 

At  last  the  hospital  notified  the  father 
that  his  son  was  able  to  return  home.  The 
father  came  to  the  city  promptly.  His 
heart  was  filled  with  joy  when  he  saw  his 
son  able  to  walk  as  other  men's  sons 
walked. 

Then  he  asked  for  his  bill. 

The  business  office  explained  that  there 
was  no  bill. 

The  superintendent  explained  that  there 
was  no  bill. 

The  doctor  explained  that  there  was  no 
bill. 

But  the  Chinese  father,  his  feet  planted 
sturdily,  slightly  apart,  as  when  he  tilled 
his   ground    and   made    the    crops    come 


(The  pictures  on  the  opposite  page  show 
various  phases  of  the  WRA  activities  with  its 
headquarters  in  the  Chinese  Six  Companies, 
843  Stockton  street.  The  top  picture  shows  a 
general  meeting  attended  by  representatives 
of  91  organizations  composing  the  WRA.  The 
man  standing  at  the  end  of  the  council  table 
is  chairman  B.  S.  Fong,  while  the  other  stand- 
ing member  is  a  secretary  reading  a   report. 

(The  lower  right  picture  shows  a  local  China- 
townian  giving  his  quota  to  the  relief  fund 
while  members  of  the  WRA  volunteer  workers 
look  on.  The  lower  left  shows  part  of  the 
newly  organized  China  Press  library  of  the 
WRA,  with  Thomas  W.  Chinn,  the  official  li- 
brarian, looking  over  one  of  the  pamphlets. 
This  library  is  open  every  afternoon  and 
evening.) 


CHINA  WAR  RELIEF 
FUNDS  SOUGHT  BY 
AMERICAN  RED  CROSS 

San  Francisco — The  American  Red 
Cross  has  recently  launched  a  nation-wide 
campaign  for  $1,000,0.00  for  refugee  re- 
lief in  China.  The  quota  set  for  San 
Francisco  was  $25,000.  The  million-dol- 
lar campaign  was  decided  on  after  Presi- 
dent Roosevelt  sent  a  message  to  Admiral 
Carey  T.  Grayson,  national  Red  Cross 
head.    Part  of  this  message  read: 

"There  is,  I  am  confident,  a  widespread 
desire  on  the  part  of  citizens  to  contrib- 
ute to  a  fund  to  aid  in  meeting  the  ex- 
treme distress  of  millions  of  civilian  peo- 
ple in  China.  I  feel  that  our  people  are 
deeply  sympathetic  with  those  in  need  in 
this  situation  and  will  wish  by  their  vol- 
untary contributions  to  take  some  large 
part  in  aiding  in  this  humanitarian  task 
in  which  the  peoples  of  many  countries 
are  participating. 

"I  should  like  to  request,  therefore, 
that  the  Red  Cross  take  such  steps  as 
it  may  deem  appropriate  to  afford  the 
American  people  an  opportunity  to  con- 
tribute." 

forth,  looked  hard  and  long  at  all  of  them. 
He  insisted: 

"I  want  the  bill.  You  save  my  son. 
Some  day  I  pay." 

And  a  bill  was  made  out  to  him,  one 
dollar  for  each  day  the  patient  had  spent 
in  the  hospital,  $765. 

The  Chinese  farmer  took  his  bill  and 
his  son  and  they  went  home,  happy. 

More  than  four  years  passed.  Some- 
times the  office  staff  of  the  hospital  or  the 
superintendent  or  the  doctor  would  re- 
call the  Chinese  farmer  and  the  son  he 
loved,  but  mostly  they  had  forgotten. 

And  then  one  day,  just  before  the 
Chinese  New  Year,  in  came  two  radiant 
Chinese — a  father  and  a  big  lad,  walking 
almost  as  well  as  anyone. 

And  with  beaming  and  bowing,  and 
good  will  to  everyone,  the  office  staff,  and 
the  superintendent  and  the  doctor,  a 
frayed  old  bill  for  $765  was  produced. 

It  was  followed  by  a  neat,  carefully 
folded  wad  of  greenbacks. 

Not  only  was  the  $765  paid,  but  a 
small  donation  was  added,  for  the  hos- 
pital. 

"I  had  a  fine  rice  crop  this  year,"  said 
the  father  gently.  "I  pay  my  bills  and 
now  I  have  a  good  New  Year.  And,"  he 
added,  "next  year,  I  get  a  much  finer  rice 
crop." 


RELIEF  MONEY  CONTINUES 
TO  POUR  INTO  LOCAL  WRA 

San  Francisco — After  two  months  of 
intense  campaigning  the  China  War  Re- 
lief association  here  has  raised  close  to 
Chinese  $1,500,00.  This  represents  al- 
most 75  per  cent  of  the  total  quota  set 
for  this  second  war  relief  campaign  which 
was  to  last  five  months. 

Last  month  the  largest  single  contribu- 
tion came  from  Joe  Shoong,  president  of 
the  National  Dollar  stores.  He  gave 
Chinese  $55,500.  In  a  previous  campaign 
he  had  already  donated  $50,000. 

The  WRA  reported  that  it  has  estab- 
lished several  nominal  branches  through- 
out California,  Arizona,  and  Mexico. 
Although  there  are  numerous  war  refugee 
relief  headquarters  throughout  the  coun- 
try at  this  time,  nevertheless  the  WRA 
has  been  receiving  contributions  from 
Chinese  from  all  over  the  United  States. 
Contributions  are  also  coming  from  South 
America,  Mexico,  and  Canada.  However, 
70  per  cent  of  the  sum  now  raised  comes 
from  the  local  Chinese.  Contributions 
from  American  friends  are  still  coming, 
with  one  of  them  pledging  $2.50  for  a 
period  of  20  months. 

Of  the  $1,500,000  raised,  $1,265,000 
has  been  sent  to  China  in  the  form  of 
cash,  medical  supplies,  and  clothing  for 
the  refugees  as  well  as  wounded  soldiers. 

Recently  the  WRA  received  a  request 
from  the  Kwangtung  provincial  govern- 
ment to  help  raise  funds  for  war  planes. 
This  request  has  been  accepted  and  plans 
are  being  formulated  to  raise  this  addi- 
tional money. 


MONTEREY  CHINESE  ACTIVE 
IN  WAR  RELIEF 

Monterey,  Calif. — This  city  has  a  Chi- 
nese population  of  not  more  than  200, 
but  during  the  past  four  months  more 
than  $20,000  Chinese  money  has  been 
raised  by  them  for  war  relief  in  China. 
As  a  branch  of  the  China  War  Relief 
Association  of  America,  with  headquar- 
ters in  San  Francisco,  the  Monterev 
WRA  has  pledged  itself  to  raise  $30,000 
Chinese  money.  Lee  Hin  Wah,  who 
is  the  chairman  of  the  WRA  branch, 
recently  contributed  Chinese  $10,000  to- 
word  the  quota.  Among  those  who  are 
active  in  soliciting  funds  are  William 
Chan,  George  Lim,  Frances  Gee,  G.  S. 
Chan,  Helen  Jone,  Margaret  Yuen,  Ben- 
ny Hong,  Ock  Yee,  Bertha  Low,  and 
F.  O.  Young. 


'?. 


February,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   13 


CHINATOWNIA 


.*<        '■■£ 


r     f 


^■fiir  jfc^ 


WAR  RELIEF  ACTIVITIES 

For  the  first  time  in  history,  a  meeting  in  the  council  chamber  of  the  Chinese  Consolidated  Benevolent  association  (Six  Companies)  was 
caught  by  the  camera.  Some  200  men  and  women  of  every  organization  in  the  community  were  present  when  this  picture  was  taken.  (See 
preceding  page  for  story.) 


■^ 


Page   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,   1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


NEW  YORK 
NEWS  NOTES 

By  Sophia  Chu 
Many  New  York  Chinatownians  are 
proudly  displaying  colored  buttons  on 
their  coat  lapels — or  blouses,  as  the  case 
may  be.  These  buttons,  in  red,  yellow, 
blue,  silver,  and  gold,  signify  that  the 
wearers  have  contributed  their  share  of 
war  refugee  relief  money  to  the  General 
Relief  fund  of  Greater  New  York.  The 
top-ranking  gold  button  means  that  the 
owner  has  donated  one  thousand  dollars 
or  more.  The  yellow  button  indicates  the 
wearer  has  given  from  $100  to  $250, 
the  blue,  from  $250  to  $500,  and  the 
silver,  from  $500  to  $1000,  while  those 
who  have  donated  from  $50  to  $100  get  a 
red  one.  Mr.  Seto  Mee  Hong,  prominent 
in  war  relief  projects,  is  the  owner  of 
a  gold  button. 


Recently  organized  is  the  ABMA,  or 
the  American  Bureau  for  Medical  Aid  to 
China,  which  is  an  ambitious  organization 
seeking  to  get  funds  from  all  over  the 
nation  for  the  purchase  of  medical  sup- 
plies and  surgical  appliances  for  the  care 
and  rescue  of  China's  suffering  war  refu- 
gees. It  is  headed  by  Dr.  Frank  Cotui, 
associate  professor  of  surgery  at  New 
York  University  College  of  Medicine 
and  Bellevue  hospital.  The  organization 
is  now  sending  out  appeals  to  all  people 
of  affluence  in  New  York  and  points 
nearby  seeking  donations  and  medical 
supplies. 


At  least  four  well-known  couples  of 
the  younger  set  here  will  be  exchanging 
vows  before  the  month  is  over.  They  are 
Louis  Wong  and  Bette  Louie;  the  latter's 
brother,  Wing  Louie,  and  Amy  Li; 
Gladys  Moy  and  Gerald  Yee;  and  fi- 
nally, Gladys  Chu  and  Arthur  Chen. 
o — i — 

Florence  Lee,  well  known  both  in  San 

Francisco  and  New  York,  has  just  come 

out  of  a  two-month  convalescence  from  a 

lung  ailment  which  has  kept  her  in  bed. 

o 

An  exhibition  of  contemporary  Chi- 
nese art,  sponsored  by  five  organizations 
with  the  purpose  of  raising  funds  for 
medical  relief  in  China,  has  been  opened 
at  the  A.  C.  A.  gallery.  This  exhibition, 
which  has  been  seen  in  Moscow  and 
London  and  may  be  seen  later  in  San 
Francisco  and  other  U.  S.  cities,  con- 
sists of  drawings,  woodcuts,  and  cartoons 
by  present  day  Chinese  artists.     Social 


PHILADELPHIA 
NEWS  NOTES 

By  Henry  C.  Jung 
Chinese  Digest  Correspondent 
Led  by  Wellington  Meng,  graduate 
student  in  the  political  science  depart- 
ment of  Wharton  school,  60  members  of 
the  Chinese  Student  association  nave 
joined  the  1500  Chinese  here  to  raise 
$30,000  for  war  refugee  relief  in  China. 
The  Association  is  doing  little  direct  so- 
licitation but  is  depending  almost  entirely 
on  voluntary  contributions.  Boxes  have 
been  placed  in  Chinese  restaurants  for 
"small  cash." 


At  the  recent  election  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Chapter  of  the  Chinese-American 
Citizens  alliance,'  Livingston  Chunn, 
Ralph  and  Henry  C.  Jung  were  re- 
elected president,  vice-president,  and 
Chinese  secretary,  respectively.  Rubye 
Mark  was  chosen  executive  secretary  and 
Thomas  Chung  treasurer.  The  president 
reviewed  the  activities  of  the  chapter 
since  its  inception  April  2,  1937. 

A  benefit  dance  for  war  relief  is  being 
planned  for  the  first  anniversary  of  the 
organization. 


Some  800  of  this  city's  1500  Chinese, 
with  a  sprinkling  of  New  Yorkers,  en- 
joyed the  first  Chinese  stage  show  here 
in  two  years  at  the  Bijou  theatre  recently. 
Sponsored  by  the  Chinese  Patriotic  league, 
the  proceeds  of  over  $300  went  to  war  re- 
lief. Chinatown  practically  closed  up  shop 
to  attend  this  show. 

The  dramatic  and  musical  offerings 
were  arranged  by  the  China  music  club  of 
New  York,  and  the  troupe  who  journeyed 
here  numbered  some  35  members.  Two 
dramatic  sketches  were  given,  one  a  dra- 
matization of  the  Marco  Polo  bridge  "in- 
cident" and  the  other  a  story  of  chivalry. 
During  the  intermission  speeches  were 
made  and  donations  asked  for  refugee  re- 
lief.  Some  $300  was  thus  collected. 

(See  shorter  Philadelphia  items  in 
"Chinatownian  Roams  Around.") 


consciousness  is  the  aim  of  the  cartoons, 
while  the  drawings  depict  many  scenes 
of  war  torn  areas. 


Another  exhibition,  this  one  of  ancient 
Chinese  art,  is  scheduled  to  be  opened 
February  2  at  the  Arden  gallery.  This 
exhibit,  too,  will  be  for  relief  purposes, 
and  is  being  sponsored  by  American 
friends.     Mme.  Chiang  Kai-Shek  is  the 


DETENTION  OF  NORWEGIAN 
SHIP  OWNED  BY  CHINESE  BUT 
OFFICERED  BY  JAPANESE 

San  Francisco — A  situation  unprece- 
dented in  American  maritime  annals  was 
created  with  the  detention  by  the  Chinese 
Consulate  here  of  the  freighter  "Edna 
Christensen"  in  this  port  since  the  out- 
break of  the  Sino-Japanese  undeclared 
war. 

The  Edna  Christensen,  built  in  1912, 
was  purchased  from  the  Sudden  and 
Christensen  company  by  the  Yung  Yuan 
steamship  firm  of  Chefoo,  China,  and 
destined  for  the  China  coast  trade.  The 
Chinese  owners  dispatched  a  crew  of  30 
Chinese  seamen  to  take  the  ship  to  China 
and  asked  its  Kobe  agency  to  send  three 
Japanese  officers  to  navigate  it.  To  make 
the  voyage  pay  the  owners  also  asked 
their  Japanese  agency  to  solicit  cargo. 
The  agency  contracted  for  a  shipment  of 
6000  tons  of  scrap-iron  to  be  carried  from 
the  U.  S.  to  Japan. 

However,  when  the  Japanese  officers 
and  the  Chinese  crew  arrived  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, the  Sino-Japanese  war  had  begun. 
The  Japanese  captain  applied  at  the  Chi- 
nese Consulate  to  register  the  freighter 
under  the  Chinese  flag.  Investigation  by 
the  consular  officials  led  to  the  discovery 
that  the  scrap-iron  was  being  consigned  to 
Japan's  munitions  plants. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Chinese  crew 
were  taken  to  Angel  Island,  U.  S.  immi- 
gration station.  Upon  being  informed  of 
the  nature  and  destination  of  their  ship's 
cargo,  they  refused  to  sail  with  the  ship. 
But  difficulties  arose  when  it  was  shown 
they  had  no  right  to  be  admitted  to  the 
United  States. 

Negotiations  for  the  past  six  months 
have  resulted  in  the  provisional  registra- 
tion of  the  Edna  Christensen  under  the 
American  flag,  but  detention  is  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Chinese  Consulate. 
The  ship  is  anchored  in  the  Oakland 
wharf  and  the  Chinese  crew  is  aboard 
through  the  good  offices  of  the  Consulate. 
When  the  detention  is  to  be  lifted  de- 
pends on  the  development  of  the  war 
situation  in  the  Orient. 


honorary  chairman,  while  Mrs.  Theodore 
Roosevelt  Jr.  is  chairman,  with  Mrs.  C. 
H.  Wang,  president  of  the  Chinese  Wo- 
men's Relief  association  here,  acting  ex 
officio  with  Mrs.  Roosevelt.  The  $25,000 
which  sponsors  hope  to  raise  will  be  sent 
to  Mme.  Chiang  for  the  Chinese  Red 
Cross. 


February,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   15 


CHINATOWNIA 


HARDING  WONG  WINS 
LAUREL  AS  HAIR  STYLIST 

By  Edgar  Lee 
(Portland  Correspondent) 

When  the  Beauty  Exposition  present- 
ing "Vogues  of  1938"  takes  place  in  Port- 
land, Oregon,  on  Feb.  6-8,  Harding 
Wong  will  return  to  his  adopted  home 
town  as  guest  artist  representing  Reno's 
Hair  Styling  studio  at  Long  Beach,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Harding  has  been  connected  with  the 
Reno  studio  for  over  two  years  and  dur- 
ing that  time  his  original  and  artistic 
creations  have  won  several  medals, 
placques,  and  cups  in  various  hair-styling 
contests  in  Los  Angeles  and  southern 
California.  He  received  personal  training 
from  Mr.  Reno,  who  is  a  nationally  known 
hair  stylist. 

Previous  to  his  departure  to  Long 
Beach,  Harding  was  employed  at  the 
Stoll-Eller  beauty  salon  at  the  completion 
of  his  course  at  the  Marinello  beauty 
school  in  Portland.  Being  industrious,  he 
was  cashier  at  the  Hung  Far  Low  restau- 
rant between  appointments  and  on  Sun- 
days and  holidays. 

Not  being  content  with  just  being  an- 
other hair  stylist,  Harding  sought  em- 
ployment in  larger  fields  in  an  unusual 
manner.  He  wrote  four  letters  of  appli- 
cation to  four  of  the  best  known  beauty 
shops  in  the  country  situated  north,  east, 
south,  and  west.  This  original  manner  of 
seeking  a  job  brought  replies  from  all 
his  applications,  but  he  chose  the  estab- 
lishment where  he  thought  he  would  make 
the  most  rapid  progress — Reno's  beauty 
studio.  Before  long,  under  Mr.  Reno's 
training,  he  was  known  far  and  wide  for 
his  hair  style  creations. 

Harding  was  born  in  Hoy  Sun,  Can- 
ton, China,  where  he  spent  11  years  of 
his  childhood  before  coming  to  Portland 
in  1921.  Upon  his  arrival,  he  was  a  typ- 
ical Chinese  lad  .  .  .  shy,  modest,  and 
reserved.  Although  he  found  the  environ- 
ment extremely  different,  he  adapted  him- 
self rapidly  and  made  friends  easily.  He 
started  his  primary  education  at  the  At- 
kinson school,  and  continued  at  the  Clin- 
ton Kelly  High  School  of  Commerce, 
where  he  graduated  in  1929.  Even  dur- 
ing his  school  days  his  creative  and  artis- 
tic talents  came  to  the  forefront.  His 
compositions  and  poetry  were  published 
in  school  papers  and  annuals,  and  even 
now  students  of  that  school  are  informed 
of  his  writing  ability. 


Picture  shows  youthful  Harding  Wong,  Los  Angeles  Chinese  hair  style  expert,  being  con- 
gratulated after  winning  a  coveted  prize  for  hair  styling  by  a  young  lady  whose  coiffure  was 
styled  by  him.  Harding  has  won  an  international  prize  for  hair  styling  and  another  interna- 
tional  prize  for  permanent  waving.     (See  story  on   adjoining   column.) 


More  than  any  other  recreation,  Hard- 
ing enjoys,  first,  to  play  tennis;  second, 
to  dance;  and  third,  to  read.  He  was  a 
member  of  his  high  school  tennis  team 
and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  team  which  cap- 
tured the  Willamette  valley  champion- 
ship in  1934.  That  same  year  he  won 
the  Pacific  Northwest  Y  double  title  with 
his  partner.  At  present  he  is  a  member 
of  the  L.  A.  tennis  team. 

Harding  Wong  is  a  charter  member 
of  the  Wah  Kiang  club  of  Portland  and 
was  its  first  secretary.  His  vital  interest 
in  promoting  boys'  activities  is  still  re- 
membered by  his  associates. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  Harding 
is  returning  to  Portland  in  triumph  as 
he  has  risen  to  the  top  where  no  other 
Chinese  has  conquered.  He  will  un- 
doubtedly be  an  inspiration  to  all  those 
who  seek  to  venture  into  new  fields. 
o 

CHINESE  DEATHS  IN 
S.  F.  BELOW  CITY'S 
RATE  IN  1937 

San  Francisco — Last  year  the  death 
rate  among  the  Chinese  in  this  city — both 
as  a  whole  and  among  infants — was  much 


less  than  the  city  as  a  whole,  while  the 
birth  rate  among  the  Chinese  and  the 
general  population  was  almost  equal. 

The  Chinese  death  rate  was  11.30  as 
compared  with  the  city's  general  rate  of 
13.38,  according  to  the  report  made  pub- 
lic by  Dr.  J.  C.  Geiger,  city  health  di- 
rector. Deaths  of  Chinese  infants  under 
one  year  were  28  per  1000  live  births, 
while  the  city's  rate  was  32.6.  The  fig- 
ures were  based  on  an  estimated  17,800 
Chinese  population. 

The  birth  rate  among  the  Chinese  in 
1937  was  11.80  per  cent  as  compared  with 
San  Francisco's  general  rate  of  11.87. 

The  lower  death  rate  among  the  Chi- 
nese was  due  in  large  part  to  the  work 
of  the  Chinese  health  center,  Dr.  Geiger 
pointed  out.  However,  in  spite  of  this 
splendid  health  work,  deaths  from  pul- 
monary tuberculosis  still  showed  a  defi- 
nite increase  in  Chinatown —  the  figure 
being  three  times  the  general  city  rate. 
This  is  due  to  a  great  extent  to  the  bad 
housing  conditions  in  the  community, 
said  the  health  director. 


r  \S 


Pogc   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINESE   FACTORS, 
INC.,  OPENS  OFFICE 

San  Francisco — An  organization  to  pro- 
mote Chinese  enterprises  in  the  coming 
1939  Golden  Gate  International  exposi- 
tion on  San  Francisco's  man-made  Treas- 
ure Island  has  been  formally  established 
here.  Known  as  Chinese  Factors,  Inc.,  it 
opened  offices  at  814  Clay  street,  on  Jan. 
29,  in  the  very  heart  of  Chinatown.  A 
host  of  Exposition  and  city  officials  at- 
tended the  opening.  Painted  in  Chinese 
green,  red,  and  black,  the  offices  of  this 
corporation  easily  became  the  most  at- 
tractive of  Chinatown's  business  iiouses. 

As  announced  in  a  previous  issue  of  the 
Chinese  Digest,  the  Chinese  Factors  is 
incorporated  in  the  State  of  California 
at  a  capitalization  of  $250,000.  It  will 
serve  to  coordinate  all  Chinese  exhibits, 
either  of  individuals  or  firms,  in  the  China 
Garden  concession  of  the  Exposition.  Ex- 
perts in  finance,  showmanship,  architec- 
ture, and  publicity  are  already  employed 
by  the  corporation.  Due  to  early  expert 
planning  the  Chinese  section  of  this  com- 
ing Exposition  bids  fair  to  be  the  best 
among  all  concessions.  This  is  the  un- 
qualified opinion  of  many  local  business 
men  and  fair  officials  who  have  viewed 
the  plans. 

(For  pictures  and  descriptions  of  this 
$250,000  project  see  Chinese  Digest  for 
Dec,  1937.) 


MUSIC  INSTRUCTOR 
OPENS  STUDIO 

San  Francisco — Miss  Edith  M.  John- 
son, who  recently  returned  to  the  United 
States  after  many  years  as  music  teacher 
in  many  Chinese  higher  institutions  of 
learning  in  China,  has  just  opened  a  stu- 
dio at  2200  Franklin  street  here. 

Miss  Johnson  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Coombs  Conservatory  of  Music  in  Phila- 
delphia and  the  Leipzig  conservatory  in 
Germany.  She  has  had  25  years  of  ex- 
perience with  the  Chinese  and  while  in 
China  had  taught  at  the  Peking  National 
university,  the  Shanghai  university,  Nan- 
king university,  and  other  colleges  in 
Harbin  and  Tientsin  in  North  China. 

Because  of  her  long  years  of  experience 
in  China,  Miss  Johnson  understands  the 
psychology  of  the  Chinese,  particularly 
girls  between  the  ages  of  14  and  17.  She 
has  opened  her  studio  here  with  the  ex- 
press purpose  of  teaching  American-born 
Chinese. 


FLOAT  WINS  PRIZE  IN  TEXAS  FESTIVAL 

On  the  occasion  of  the  3rd  annual  Sun  Festival  held  in  El  Paso,  Texas,  the  Chinese  colony  there 
entered  a  fioat  designed  to  represent  the  flowsr  pagoda  in  Canton.  This  entry  later  won  first 
prize  in  the  international  section. 


FEDERATION   OF   CLUBS  TO 
SPONSOR   SECOND   DANCE 
FOR  WAR   RELIEF 

San  Francisco — The  Federation  of 
Chinese  Clubs,  composed  of  some  30 
young  people's  organizations  in  this  city 
and  the  East  bay,  has  announced  plans 
for  a  second  war  relief  benefit  dance. 
The  date  for  the  affair  has  been  tenta- 
tively set  for  March  26. 

Formed  last  October,  the  FCC's  gen- 
eral purpose  is,  according  to  its  consti- 
tution, "to  plan  and  conduct  affairs,  pro- 
jects, and  activities  to  raise  funds  for  the 
relief  of  the  poor,  destitute,  and  stricken 
people  in  the  war  zones  of  China."  Its 
present  chairman  is  Ira  C.  Lee,  with 
Mrs.  Joe  Shoong  as  vice-chairman.  Other 
officers  include  Dorothy  Fong,  Grace 
Sun,  Mrs.  Henry  Woo,  and  Dr.  Charles 
Lee. 

The  FCC's  first  benefit  dance  held 
last  November  netted  U.  S.  $3,355. 
It  also  sponsored  a  play  and  a  baseball 
game  which  brought  in  more  than  a 
thousand    dollars. 


SINO-JAPANESE  ISSUE 
PRESENTED  IN  MANY 
SPECIAL  PUBLICATIONS 

Since  the  first  gun  was  fired  in  the 
present  Sino-Japanese  undeclared  war 
many  special  publications  in  English  set- 
ting forth  the  pros  and  cons  of  this  mo- 
mentous issue  have  been  published  through- 
out the  U.  S.,  sponsored  by  both  Chinese 


and  American  organizations.  Most  of 
these  are  frankly  biased  and  intended  to 
be  propaganda  for  China's  cause,  and 
only  a  few  discussed  the  issue  coldly,  in- 
telligently and  objectively.  No  adequate 
listing  of  these  publications  is  available, 
but  the  most  significant  and  important 
ones  are  given  here.  They  are  seven  in 
number  and  cover  practically  every  phase 
of  the  problem.  Titles,  names  of  the  pub- 
lishing organizations,  and  brief  discrip- 
tions  of  their  contents  are  given  here  for 
the  benefit  of  many  readers  of  the  Chinese 
Digest  who  have  been  requesting  special 
material  on  the  current  Sino-Japanese  con- 
flict. 

The  Chinese  Cultural  society.  5  East 
57th  street,  N.  Y.,  has  published  four 
pamphlets  since  Sept.,  1937.  Edited  by 
M.  Hsitien  Lin,  Ph.D.,  the  titles  of  these 
pamphlets  explain  their  contents: 

The  Sino-Japanese  Conflict:  A  Brief 
Analysis; 

American  Public  Opinion  on  the  Sino- 
Japanese  Conflict; 

International  Law  and  the  Undeclared 
War; 

The  Significance  to  the  World  of  the 
Conflict  in  the  Far  East.  By  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Professor  Emeritus  of  Politi- 
cal Science,  John  Hopkins  univctsitv. 

'China  Faces  Japan"  is  the  title  of  an 
80-page  booklet  rccentlv  published  bjr 
the  Chinese  Students  Christian  associa- 
tion. 347  Madison  avenue.  N.  Y.  Ex- 
pcrtlv  edited  by  Arthur  A.  Young,  lone 
(Continued  on  page  1°) 


\vfr 


February,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  17 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 

(IoosmA.  A>UU4*td 

Fong  and  Fong  will  have  its  new 
Streamlined  Dairy  Bar  all  ready  when 
the  L.  A.  team  comes  to  town.  They 
closed  but  one  day  and  rushed  the  re- 
modeling thru  in  record  time  .  .  .  yes, 
with  the  latest  trimming  in  chromium 
and  porcelain,  and  streamlined  booths 
too  ...  all  for  the  younger  generation. 
.  .  .  They  will  play  host  to  the  L.  A. 
team  with  a  special  training  luncheon 
before  the  game  and  free  sody  'n  every- 
thin'  afterward.  .  .  .  The  local  dog  show 
attracted  from  Sacramento  Jansen  "Bill 
Sook"  Dere  and  the  Missus  Bessie. 
Their  pedigree  wire  hair  terrier  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  best  of  its  kind  in 
their  home  town.  Accompanying  the 
couple  on  their  trip  were  Ruby  Wong 
and  Susie  Quon.  .  .  .  Also  from  the 
same  town  is  Edward  Yee  and  his  pretty 
sister  Beatrice,  who  incidently  is  a  better 
driver  than  most  of  the  boys.  .  .  . 

One  day,  a  group  of  Japs  (young  and 
old)  passed  by  the  store  of  a  Chinese 
merchant  located  on  the  outskirt  of  Jap 
Town.  They  all  stopped  and  spat  on 
the  clean  glass  until  every  inch  of  the 
show  window  was  covered  with  the  slimy 
stuff.  As  if  that  wasn't  enuf,  they 
marred  up  the  fine  woodwork  and  plug- 
ged up  the  front  door  lock.  Is  it  true 
that  some  of  you  still  consider  the  Japs 
here  our  so-called  friends?  .  .  .  Manager 
Fred  Gunn  of  the  Jade  Palace,  one  of 
Chinatown's  smartest  drinkeries,  slipped 
off  quietly  one  Sunday  to  have  the  knot 
tied  and  to  none  other  than  songstress 
Anna  Chang.    .    .   .   Congrats!    !    ! 

A  reader  in  Grass  Valley  saw  four 
handsome  gentlemen  seeing  the  snows  up 
there  and  wanted  to  know  if  they  en- 
joyed the  sights.  Said  reader  also  said 
there  must  be  a  good  reason  why  the 
Sac'to  basketball  team  lost  their  game 
in  Grass  Valley  recently.  Was  it  the 
spectacular   gals?    .    .    . 

Something  of  the  little  fellas  who  will 
play  in  the  Rice  Bowl  preliminary  game 
in  which  Chung  Wah's  lightweights  will 
play  the  St.  Mary's  Unknown  Packers. 
Both  teams  average  around  125  lbs  and 
are  from  15  to  16  years  of  age.  The 
Packers,  coached  by  Ed  Dong,  features 
a  passing  game  with  George  Lee  on  the 
throwing  end  and  "Babe"  Moy  as  ace 
pass  receiver.  .  .  .  Chung  Wah's  line 
is  slightly  heavier,  and  Coach  Leon  Lym 


stresses  running  attack  with  Winston 
Wong  calling  the  signals  and  Cap. 
Leong  Nam  carrying  the  ball.  .  .  .  This 
preliminary  game  starts  at  12  o'clock. 
If  you  like  to  see  some  future  "Sam 
Chapmans"  streaking  down  the  field, 
come   early.    .    .    . 

Very  early  for  plugging  in  the  San 
Francisco  World's  Fair,  but  here  I  am. 
...  It  will  open  on  Feb.  18,  1939,  and 
will  continue  for  288  days.  .  .  .  Let's 
make  a  date  to  be  in  town  then.  .  .  . 

The  Big  Apple  is  coming  to  town. 
...  It  will  take  a  lot  of  practice  for 
the  boys  and  girls,  but  they  had  be  pre- 
pared for  the  Waku  auxiliary's  "Big 
Apple  Dance"  to  be  held  at  Oakland 
on  March  26.  .  .  .  A  large  crowd  at- 
tended the  Waku  skating  party,  too.  .  .  . 
They  had  a  merry  time  during  the  gen- 
tlemen's tags.  .  .  .  Daisy  Ng  went  ac- 
cross  the  Bay  bridge  for  the  affair  and 
believe  it  or  not,  it  was  her  first  time! 
.  .  .  Thct,  Tcht,  Daisy,  the  bridge  has 
been  opened   for   a  year  now.   .   .  . 

They're  still  talking  of  the  grand  time 
everyone  had  at  the  L.  A.  Chinese  Cin- 
ema Players'  benefit  dance  at  the  swanky 
Riverside  Drive  breakfast  club  with  mu- 
sic by  Maurice  and  his  Biltmore  Rendez- 
vous orchestra.  .  .  .  The  guests'  list  reads 
like  a  Who's  Who  of  Film  Land  and 
much  credit  must  be  given  to  Bruce 
Wong,  Kam  Tong,  and  Allen  D.  Jung 
in  charge  of  the  dance,  with  Frank  Tang 
and  Victor  Young  on  the  publicity  end, 
while  Bessie  Loo,  Bill  Got,  and  Mary 
Louie  were  on  the  social  committee. 
Ticket  sales  were  in  charge  of  Eddie 
Lee  and   Wong  Chung.   .   .  . 

Running  around  his  taller  opponents 
and  standing  the  fans  on  their  ears 
with  his  sensational  playing  is  Robert 
Lum  of  Sacred  Heart  and  Nam  Wah, 
nicknamed  Benny  "Egg  Foo"  Lum  by 
Chronicle's  Bob  Stevens  who  described 
him  as  a  one  man  show  wrapped  up  in 
a  basketball  suit  after  witnessing  him 
in  several  of  the  high  school  games. 
A  Chinese  giant  firecracker,  no  less!  .  .  . 
Lum  made  the  120's  All  City  basket- 
ball team  with  ease.  .  .  .  Other  Chinese 
Lightweights  on  the  All  City  teams  are 
David  Chong  of  Commerce  Hi  and 
Ulysses  Moy  of  Lowell  as  centers.  .  .  . 
On  the  110's  we  have  deadeye  Arnold 
Lira  and  scrappy  Johnny  Leong  of  Low- 
ell. .  .  .  They're  calling  Johnny  Wong  the 
"Chinese  Luisetti"  now.  .  .  .  He  excels 
on  defense  and  all  fans  marvel  at  the 
way   he   makes   difficult   shots   look   easy 


with  his  smooth  and  relaxed  style.  .  .  . 
He  was  Galileo  Hi's  All  City  last  year. 

Congrats  to  two  young  people!  !  Dickie 
Leong  and  the  missus,  Rose  Louie,  re- 
ceived the  stork  with  open  arms,  for  he 
brought  them  a  7x/2  lb  boy  with  great 
big  eyes  and,  as  Uncie  Ed.  Leong  says, 
a  "Joe  E.  Brown"  mouth.  .  .  .  His  name 
is  Reinhart.  .  .  .  Richard  Mar,  only 
Chinese  refrigeration  expert,  will  trot 
up  to  the  altar  with  Lillian  Lee  as  the 
blushing  bride  in  March.  .  .  .  They  are 
undecided  where  they  will  spend  their 
honeymoon.  To  use  the  words  of  the 
man-of-the-house-to-be,  "Business  is  not 
so  hot  now.  It's  cold,  so  cold  that  my 
customers  wouldn't  know  whether  the 
Frigidaire    is    on    or    off!"    .    .    . 

Wong  Kim,  77-year-old  scholar,  teach- 
er, and  merchant,  left  this  world  the 
nite  before  New  Year's  Eve.  .  .  .  Tho' 
the  funeral  was  on  New  Year's  Day, 
scores  of  relatives  from  all  over  the  state 
came  to  do  him  homage,  for  he  is  the  pa- 
triarch head  of  his  native  village  of  Chew 
King  Foo  Shan  and  his  words  were  law. 
.  .  .  His  spirit  must  be  very  happy,  for 
everyone  of  his  seven  sons  and  three 
daughters  with  scores  of  grandsons  and 
daughters  were  at  his  side  as  he  passed 
on  at  rest.  .  .  .  Henry  B.  Ko  planned 
his  first  vacation  in  years.  He  stayed 
up  all  night  so  as  not  to  miss  the  buss. 
Not  wanting  to  be  hungry,  he  ate  several 
greasy  donuts  and  washed  them  down 
with  coffee  before  the  trip,  and  had  a 
seat  in  the  rear  of  the  bus.  The  jouncing 
and  the  fumes  of  the  bus  with  the  above 
combination  proved  too  much  for  him. 
He  averaged  one  bromo  seltzer  per  every 
25  miles  between  Fresno  and  S.  F.  .  .  . 
Escorted  all  around  town  by  the  boys 
was  comely  Maxine  Louie  of  Courtland. 
.  .  .  Fresno's  tennis  queen,  Marian  Leong, 
visited  her  sister  Margarette  in  Los  An- 
geles. .  .  .  Ex-Fresnan  George  Leong, 
is  now  working  at  Modesto.  .  .  .  "Big 
Boss"  of  the  Modesto  Public  Mkt.  Jo- 
seph Fong  is  a  frequent  visitor  to  Stock- 
ton. .  .  .  They  tell  me  that  Robert  D. 
Wong  of  Cal  went  back  to  Stockton 
for  a  brief  vacation  and  hardly  had  a 
moment's  rest.     He  found  that  the  ole 

(Continued  on  p.  1,  supplement) 


E. 

Rosenbaum 
Plumber 

CHina 

0963 

821   Washington 

St. 

Poge   18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,  1938 


SPORTS 


SPORTS  GLIMPSES 

By  Davisson  Lee 

RICE  BOWL 
GAME  SET 

Hear  ye!  Hear  Ye!  The  Rice  Bowl 
Game  draws  near.  On  Feb.  12,  at  Ewing 
field,  pigskin  warriors  from  Los  Angeles 
and  San  Francisco  will  gird  themselves  in 
proper  armor  and  go  forth  on  the  field  to 
do  battle.  This  inter-section  game  draws 
more  than  common  interest,  for  it  brings 
together  not  only  the  best  of  football 
material  but  gains  for  a  worthy  cause.  For 
the  Rice  Bowl  is  sponsored  by  the  Chinese 
War  Relief  association. 

The  first  Rice  Bowl  game  was  played 
in  1937  by  the  same  two  teams,  sponsored 
by  Thomas  Tong  in  the  interest  of  the 
Chinese  Catholic  mission.  San  Francisco 
won  6-0  when  Charley  Hing  broke 
through  in  the  second  quarter  and  ran  64 
yards  to  a  touchdown  on  a  wet  and  slip- 
pery field. 

The  preliminary  game  between  the  two 
lightweight  teams,  the  "Unknown  Pack- 
ers" and  Chung  Wah  will  start  at  twelve 
sharp. 

The  L.  A.  team  is  coached  by  Laurie 
Vejar,  ex-Notre  Dame  and  former  Holly- 
wood high  star  who  outplayed  Orv 
Mohler  during  their  prep  days.  Vejar 
also  coaches  pro-football.  The  L.  A. 
squad  travels  to  Frisco  with  plans  of 
revenge  and  to  wipe  out  the  stigma  of 
defeat  they  received  at  the  hands  of  their 
former  opponents.  They  depend  for  the 
backfield  on  the  generalship  of  Forrest 
Yee,  passing  and  running  of  Ted  Ong, 
kicking  of  Ceaser  Jung  and  the  line  plung- 
ing of  Bill  Got.  There  are  two  new  ad- 
ditions to  the  line,  Allan  D.  Sing,  195-lb. 
tackle,  and  Don  Wing,  6-ft.  1  ace  pass 
receiver. 

At  San  Francisco,  Coach  Bill  Fisher, 
St.  Mary's  All-American  tackle,  will  try 
to  repeat  his  Rice  Bowl  victory  of  last 
year.  But  his  squad  is  hard  hit  by  injuries 
received  in  scrimmage.  Those  definitely 
out  for  the  season  are:  Jack  Fong,  S.  F. 
best  passer  and  broken  field  runner; 
Harold  Chang,  fullback,  torn  ligaments; 
and  Willie  Wong  another  back.  Those 
whose  injuries  make  them  doubtful  start- 
ers are:  Woodrow  Ong,  quarterback; 
Ming  Gok,  end;  and  Mully  Chew,  tackle. 
But  there's  still  Capt.  Charley  Hing,  who 
made  the  only  score  last  year;  Marshall 
Leong,  Mission  high  fullback;  his  brother 
Harding,  mentioned  for  all  city,  from 
Commerce;    George    Wong    of    Galileo, 


CHINATOWN  GOLFERS 

Following  three  successful  tournaments  given  in  1937,  the  local  Chinese  Golfers  associa- 
tion of  America  announces  the  opening  of  the  Fifth  Annual  Chinese  golf  championship,  to  be 
held  in  February.  This  contest  will  be  given  in  conjunction  with  the  S.  F.  City  Golf  cham- 
pionships sponsored  by  the  Emporium,  in  which  the  Chinese  have  a  special  division.  Matched 
handicaps  play  will  be  preceded  by  one  qualifying  round,  all  matches  to  be  played  on  week 
ends. 

Chinese  amateur  golfers  interested  in  this  contest  may  write  to  C.  C.  Wing  ot  485  Cali- 
fornia street,  San  Francisco.  The  above  picture  shows  members  of  the  C.G.A.A.  at  their  lost 
tournament. 


and  others  as  dependable. 

Tickets  are  on  sale  at  Chung  Wah, 
Hall's  Sport  Shop,  Young  Kee,  Chinese 
Y.  W.  C.  A,  Golden  State,  Chinese  Y. 
M.  C.  A.  Other  ticket  agencies  will  be 
announced  later. 

You've  heard  of  killing  two  birds  with 
one  stone.  You  can  do  so  by  purchasing 
a  ticket,  enjoy  a  top  notch  game  and  do 
your  share! 

The  following  are  the  two  full  squads: 
LOS  ANGELES      34  Jimmy  Quon 
No.  Name  35  Ceaser  Jung 

20  Robert  Tom  36  Frank  Boe 

21  Ed  Woo  37  Don  Wong 

22  Henry  Ong  38  Kenneth  Ung 

23  Allan  Chan  39  Kong  Ho 

24  Forrest  Yee  40  Young  Yoon 

25  Ted  Ung  41   Ernie  Chin 

26  Eddie  Ong  42  Paul  Chuck 

27  Jimmy  Chan         43   Bill  Got 

28  Powell  Lee  Coach 

29  Walter  Chin         Laurie  Vejar 

30  Abe  Chin  (Notre  Dame) 

3 1  Allan  Sing  Managers 

32  Harry  Fong  Bill  Wong 

33  Richard  Tom        Paul  Tom 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

2  George  Wong        3  Jack  Fong 


4  Mully  Chew  32  Ernest  Lee 

5  Morris  Lee  33  Jim  Hing 

6  Howard  Lee  40  Water  Lee 

7  Fred  Gunn  4 1   Ernest  Leong 

12  Woodrow  Ong  42  Harry  Wong 

13  BillJow  43   HarrvWong 

16  Harding  Leong  44  Ed  AhTye 

17  Harold  Chang  45  Ed  Louie 

18  Walter  Chew  14  Tommy  Jew 

19  Jack  Young  Harry  Chew 

21  Fred  Hing  Fred  K.  Wong 

22  Ed  Leong  Coach 

23  Charles  Hing  Bill  Fisher 

24  Marshall  Leong  (St.  Marys) 
29  Woodrow  Louie  Manager 

31   Ming  Gok  H.  K.  Wong 


DREAM  OF  WAR 

(Continued    from    page    11) 
We  shall  run  and  stop,  turn  back,  and 
Undecided,  run  or  walk  again; 
Clinging  to  the  beautiful  flowers,  the  blue 
And  purple  flowers. 
Our  throats  making  great  cries. 
(Over  the  world  who  will  hear  us?) 
Our  throats  voicing  silences  greater  than 
the  flowers! 


Page   I 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,   1938 


SUPPLEMENT 


THE  CHINATOWNIAN 
ROAMS  AROUND 

(Continued  from  p.  17) 
home  town  is  quite  a  place  after  all, 
for  I  hear  that  the  club  girls  even 
changed  the  date  of  their  meeting  just 
for  him!  !  .  .  .  Lucky  Man!  !  .  .  .  The 
reason  for  the  ever  increasing  out-of- 
town  traffic  in  the  same  town  must  be 
the  Tau  Lambda  club  girls,  for  they  are 
quite  grown  up  now  and  extremely  popular 
with  the  boys.  .  .  .  Lilly  Wong  has 
passed  the  civil  service  ex's  and  is  now 
issuing  license  plates  at  the  Motor  Ve- 
hicles Dept.  .  .  .  Reserve  No.  Ch  0489 
for  me,  will  ya?  Cash  right  on  the 
line!    ! 

Willie  Ginn  of  Santa  Maria  dropped 
into  town  for  a  few  days  to  breathe 
once  more  the  familiar  S.  F.  fog  and 
to  see  his  sister  Daisy.  .  .  .  He  reported, 
and  I  agree,  that  she  is  indeed  swell. 
.  .  .  Johnson  Chan  is  the  hustling  sales- 
man for  the  Chan  Paper  Co.  Ernie  Lee, 
giant  tackle  of  the  S.  F.  football  team 
is  also  a  salesman.  He  works  for  the 
Dresswell  Co.  .  .  .  Quiet  but  efficient 
George  Kan  is  a  radio  technician  at  the 
Young  Kee  radio  shop.  .  .  .  While  on 
the  same  subject,  Ming  Gok  is  now  a 
ex-pharmacist.  He  is  one  of  Son  Loy's 
ciggie  salesmen.  .  .  .  Bob  Wong,  who 
won  several  amateur  singing  contests  in 
L.  A.  is  back  in  town  looking  for  a  singing 
engagement.  .  .  .  How  about  the  cock- 
tail lounges,  Bob?  .  .  .  Despite  the  many 
and  various  war  and  refugee  donations,  the 
Chinese  Community  of  Marysville  was 
the  very  first  to  answer  the  Red  Cross 
roll  call  with  a  contribution.  .  .  .  The 
honor  goes  to  Joe  W ah,  prominent  mer- 
chant. .  .  .  The  Chinese  Lightweight 
quintet  of  Marysville  is  coached  by 
Ernie  Yee,  chairman  of  the  younger 
boys  recreational  activities.  They  haven't 
lost  a  game  and  are  playing  champion- 
ship teams  too!  !•  This  group  of  boys 
received  some  money  for  drums  which 
they  unselfishly  turned  over  to  the  Wat- 
Refugee  fund.  .  .  .  Willie  Wong  of  the 
same  town  was  in  town  for  a  visit  with 
relatives.  ...  A  fine  basketball  and 
football  player  is  Tommy  Kim  also  of 
Marysville.  He  performed  brilliantly  as 
fullback  of  the  Hong  Kong  town  team 
during  his  stay  here  last  year.  He  was 
chosen  to  play  on  the  S.  F.  Team  but 
a  shoulder  injury  forced  him  to  retire. 

Newshawk  Henry  Jung  of  Philadel- 
phia reported  that  the  newly-wed  Ken- 
neth Chans  have   moved  to   Cambridge, 


Md.  What's  the  diff?  .  .  .  Snow  in 
both  places!  .  .  .  When  you  are  reading 
this,  Morley  Cho  is  on  the  high  seas 
bound  for  China  via  Europe.  .  .  .  After 
visiting  half  a  dozen  states  in  the  last 
few  months,  and  having  a  wonderful 
time,  Charlie  "Marco  Polo"  Louie  has 
returned  to  town.  .  .  .  Wei-Foo  Chun, 
the  ping  pong  expert  was  in  town  show- 
ing the  boys  and  gals  how.  .  .  .  Frances 
Chan  and  her  mother  returned  from 
New  York  for  a  brief  sojourn.  .  .  . 
Louis  J.  Hunt,  residing  in  Washington 
D.  C.  and  well  known  in  New  York  as 
editor  of  many  Chinese  publications  in 
the  English  language,  and  his  newly-wed 
wife,  nee  Frances  Wong  of  S.  F.,  en- 
tertained their  many  friends  with  a  dinner 
party.  .  .  .  Russet  Young  returns  after 
studying  four  years  at  Hong  Kong.  .  .  . 
The  American  Society  for  China  recently 
arranged  with  Philly's  arena  promoters 
to  have  them  donate  ten  per  cent  of 
the  net  profit  from  a  wrestling  show 
for  war  relief  purposes.  .  .  .  Chinese 
children  also  passed  about  the  audience 
and  netted  a  neat  sum  of  money.  .  .  . 

Ed  and  George  Wong  operate  a  newly 
opened  cafe  in  Chico.  ...  A  well-fed 
unemployed  sends  his  thanks  to  kind- 
hearted  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  M.  Lee  of 
Chico  who  graciously  accommodated  him 
during  the  holidays.  Real  holiday  spirit, 
I  calls  it.  .  .  .  The  lively  Chew  sisters, 
Nettie  and  Violet,  are  the  reasons  the 
town  of  Red  Bluff  is  on  the  map  to 
many,  many  boys.  .  .  .  Also  of  the  same 
town  is  Owen  Yuen,  whose  friends  nick- 
named him  "Jolly."  Another  Chinese  co- 
ed at  Placer  J.  C.  is  Lucille  Wong  of  New 
Castle.  .  .  .  Harold  Lee  of  Chico  has 
quite  a  reputation  as  a  crooner,  and  how's 
about  Jackie  Kim,  who  is  now  attending 
the  Marysville  J.  C.  and  Paid  Fong  Jr. 
of  Sacramento?  They  are  what  the 
girls  call  crooner's  crooners.  .  .  .  The 
modern  counterpart  of  the  three  mus- 
keteers in  Sacramento  is  Gim  Jong,  Bea- 
trice Yee,  and  Ethyl  Lee.  .  .  .  Insep- 
arable pals!  !  !  !  Paul  Wong  recently 
returned  to  the  States  after  several  years' 
visit  in  Canton.  .  .  .  He  was  varsity 
guard  on  the  Dakota  Hi  team  and  was 
named  on  the  All  Conference  team.  .  .  . 
The  Menlo  park  boys  call  themselves 
"Brother  Rats,"  and  go  in  for  nice  clean 
fun,  but  their  girls  claim  that  they  are 
rowdy.  .  .  .  What  caused  the  difference 
in  opinions?  ...  A  benefit  show  given 
recently  by  the  Phil  Lambda  Girls'  club 
and  Chinese  Women  in  Stockton  netted 


$5,000.  Many  young  talents  appeared 
on  tbe  program  and  drew  enthusiastic 
applause  from  the  audience.  A  playlet 
featured  Marion  Hong,  Eleanor  Ko,  and 
Nylan  Jcung.  .  .  .  Songstresses  A  nabelle 
Hong  and  Nellie  Lee  entertained  with 
sweet  swing.  .  .  .  Cantonese  solos  by 
Prof.  Ong  and  Yee  Lee.  .  .  .  Tap  danc- 
ing by  Blossom  Ah  Tye,  little  Eslum  Chin, 
rnd  Betty  Wahyou.  .  .  .  The  whole  show 
was  ably  emceed  by  H.  K.  Seung  with 
Florence  Choy  as  announcer.  After  the 
shew,  Ed  Chinn  and  his  celebrated  Golden 
Dragon  orchestra  donated  their  swing 
music  for  the  dance.  .  .  .  The  San  Fran- 
cisco J.  C.  has  a  tough  and  difficult 
course  on  Hotel  and  Resturant  Manage- 
ment which  was  adopted  from  the 
Cornell  U.  Hotel  college.  Only  one  stu- 
dent graduated  from  this  course  and  it  is  a 
Chinese  lad,  Lawrence  Wong  who  came 
thru  with  flying  colors.  .  .  .  From  Seat- 
tle, we  hear  that  Ning  Chinn,  U.  of 
Washington  chemical  engineering  stu- 
dent has  NEVER  missed  the  honor  roll. 
Hats  off  to  him!  !  .  .  .  Vincent  Goon, 
U.  of  W.  senior  majoring  in  foreign 
trade,  was  pledged  into  Pau  Xema, 
Business  Administration  honorary.  .  .  . 
The  same  university's  Chinese  Students 
quintet  traveled  to  Victoria,  B.  C,  for 
two  basketball  games  and  defeated  the 
Victoria  boys  in  both  contests.  The  team 
also  plays  in  the  commercial  league.  .  .  . 
Playing  with  the  students  is  Bob  Wong 
of  Portland,  an  all  star  player  of  the  last 
two  seasons.  .  .  .  Ho  hum,  that's  all  and 
Kung  Hay  Fat  Choy!! 

.  .  .  Last  minute  flash!  A  baby  girl 
was  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack  Chow 
on  Chinese  New  Year's  eve.  Congrats, 
you  two! 


RICE  BOWL  GAME 

The  biggest  event  in  Chinese  sports- 
dom  is  upon  us.  .  .  .  It  is  none  other 
than  the  second  annual  Rice  Bowl  Foot- 
ball game  between  the  L.  A.  and  the  S.  F. 
Chinese  teams  on  Saturday,  Feb.  12,  at 
Ewing  Field.  All  members  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  are  feverishly  at  work  to 
make  this  the  hit  event  of  the  year.  .  .  . 


New  1938  R-A-D-l-O-S 

Shipped  anywhere   in   U.   S. 

See  H.  K.  WONG  at 
YOUNG  KEE  RADIO  SHOP 

772  Jackson  St.  China  0489 


^H  ^H^taX^ 


Fcbruory,    1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  2 


SUPPLEMENT 


Press  relation  men  Fred  G.  Woo,  George 
Chow,  Chickic  Chinn,  and  Thomas  Tong 
are  working  overtime  to  put  the  game 
over.  .  .  .  Heads  of  the  ticket  sales  Jack 
Chow  and  Lim  P.  Lee  are  striving  for  a 
hundred  per  cent  attendance  from  all 
the  Chinese  schools.  The  southerners  will 
come  up  here  with  but  one  thought  in 
their  mind,  and  that  is  too  WIN.  .  .  . 
the  Northern  boys  are  equally  determined 
to  win,  but  win  or  loses  they  are  battling 
for  a  noble  cause.  The  game  is  sponsored 
by  the  China  War  Relief  Association 
(Chinese  Six  Co.)  and  every  penny  will 
go  for  war  relief  in  China.  .  .  .  Mem- 
bers of  both  teams  have  given  unstintedly 
of  their  time  and  have  sacrificed  all  of 
their  leisure  moments  during  the  past 
months  in  order  to  be  in  training.  We  who 
who  are  not  in  a  position  to  play  can  do 
but  one  thing,  and  that  is  to  give  it  our 
whole-hearted  support  and  see  the  game. 
Buy  a  ticket  and  bring  all  your  friends!! 

Dr.  Henry  Woo  is  well  qualified  for 
the  position  of  team  physician  for  the 
northerners.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the 
George  Washington  university,  having  in- 
terned at  Washington  T.  B.  hospital  and 
at  Fordham  college.  He  is  an  expert  on 
football  injuries,  for  he  treated  all  the 
Fordham  football  players. 

The  Chinese  tennis  club  gave  their  an- 
nual Chitena  invitational  on  Chinese  New 
Year's  Eve.  .  .  .  The  president  pin  and 
officers  gold  pin  were  presented  to  last 
year  officers.  Did  I  see  them  doing  the 
Big  Apple??? 

o 

CHINESE  LEAD 
PLAYGROUND  LEAGUE 

The  San  Francisco  Playground  Basket- 
ball league  entered  its  third  week  of 
competition  with  the  Chinese  Playground 
well  out  in  front  in  nearly  every  division 
they  have  entered. 


NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


JOE  SHOONG,  PHILANTHROPIST 
Last  month  the  name  of  Joe  Shoong,  presi- 
dent of  the  National  Dollar  Store,  made  news 
for  three  consecutive  times — first,  the  an- 
nouncement that  his  income  from  salaries  for 
the  fiscal  year  1936-37  totaled  $141,025; 
second,  when  he  contributed  $55,500  to  the 
second  war  relief  campaign  launched  by  the 
community;  and  third,  when  he  and  Mrs. 
Shoong  gave  $24,000  for  the  establishment  of 
an  endowment  fund  for  the  local  Chinese  hos- 
pital. This  fund  was  given  with  the  stipulation 
that  the  interest  was  to  be  used  for  the  main- 
tenance of  the  hospital's  free  clinic,  which  thus 
far  always  incurs  an  annual  deficit  of  over  a 
thousand  dollars.  With  this  recent  endow- 
ment the  clinic  may  operate  from  now  on  with- 
out getting  in  the  red. 


Chinese  30 
Chinese  35 

Chinese  31 
Chinese  2 


Chinese  41 
Chinese  15 


Chinese   17 
Chinese  2 


Chinese  2 
Chinese  2 


Chinese  34 
Chinese  29 


80  lb. 

Pacific  Heights  1 
Funston  0 
90  lb. 

North  Beach  0 
Portola  0 
(default) 
100  lb. 

Funston  9 
Pacific  Heights  16 
(2  overtimes) 
110  lb. 

Pacific  Heights  30 
Raphael  Weill  0 
(default) 
120  lb. 

North  Beach  0 
Presidio  Jr.  High  0 
(default) 

(default) 
130  lb. 

Helen  Wills  1 1 
Presidio  Jr.  13 


LIGHTWEIGHT 
FOOTBALL 

The  most  recent  game  of  the  "Un- 
known Packers"  was  with  the  Chung  Mei 
Home  team  on  the  latter's  field  at  El 
Cerrito.  Both  teams  averaged  115  lbs, 
and  both  were  so  far  undefeated,  so  it  was 
bound  to  be  a  good  game.  And  it  was. 
During  the  first  quarter  Chung  Mei 
crossed  the  line  twice  and  converted  once; 
and  in  the  second  quarter  the  El  Cerrito 
boys  added  six  more  to  their  score.  In 
the  second  half  the  "Unknown  Packers" 
released  several  ruses  one  of  which  net- 
ted them  seven  points.  The  final  score  was 
19-7. 

The  whole  "Packers"  team,  with  their 
supporters,  some  thirty  in  all,  were  en- 
tertained for  luncheon  at  the  Chung  Mei 
Home. 

CHITENA 
ELECTS 

The  Chinese  Tennis  Club  of  San 
Francisco  held  their  term  end  banquet 
recently  at  the  Lotus  bowl. 

Their  election  of  officers  for  the  new 
year  was  as  follows: 

President,  Arthur  Hee;  Vice  President; 
H.  K.  Wong;  Secretary,  Lily  Way  Leong; 
Treasurer,  Wallace  Mark;  Tennis  Mgr., 
Hattie  Hall;  Social  Chairman,  Davisson 
Lee;  Chitena  Editors,  Fred  Geo.  Woo, 
Davisson  Lee,  Mary  Chan,  Frank  Chan. 

J.  C.  DEFEATS 

NAM  WAH 

On  Jan.  2,  1938,  at  French  Court,  the 
J.  C.  of  San  Francisco  defeated  the  Nam 
Wah  club  47  to  33.  Using  a  fast  break 
and  as  usual  springing  into  an  early  lead, 
the  collegians  were  never  passed.  Neither 
team  substituted  more  than  one  or  two 
men  and  left  their  full  strength  on  the 
court  during  the  entire  game. 

In  the  preliminaries  the  Hip  Wah 
school  defeated  Chung  Wah  by  the  nar- 
row margin  of  one  point. 

It's  fortunate  for  the  other  teams  that 
J.  C.  did  not  enter  the  Wah  Ying  League 
as  they  had  planned  to  do.  They  have 
already  defeated  two  of  those  teams.  Un- 
fortunately for  J.  C.  for  they  had  more 
than  an  equal  chance  to  cop  the  cham- 
pionship. They  have  placed  men  on  dif- 
ferent teams  that  have  done  quite  well  hv 
themselves,  namely  Johnnv  Wong  and 
Francis  Chinn  of  Twin  Dragon  and 
Fighting  manager  Harry  Louie  of  T3. 

May  I  again  take  this  opportunity  of 
warning  U.  C.  which  big  game  they  are 
pointing  for? 


February,    1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   19 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


SINO-JAPANESE   ISSUE 
PRESENTED   IN   PUBLICATIONS 

(Continued  from  p.  16) 
time  editor  of  the  C.  S.  C.  A.  monthly 
bulletin,  this  booklet  surveys  the  Sino- 
Japanese  conflict  from  the  political,  eco- 
nomic, cultural,  international  and  Ameri- 
can viewpoints.  Of  the  14  articles  only  a 
few  are  reprints,  the  rest  being  specially 
written  by  authors  such  as  Y.  T.  Wu, 
Chen  Han-seng,  Chih  Meng,  Frank 
Price,  E.  Stanley  Jones,  etc.  There  is  a 
good  biblography  and  several  important 
Chinese  official  documents.  The  price  of 
the  booklet  is  35  cents  a  copy. 

On  the  Pacific  Coast  two  pamphlets 
have  been  published.  The  first  "Japan  in 
China,"  is  edited  by  Victor  K.  Kwong, 
formerly  a  journalist  and  at  present 
chancellor  in  the  Chinese  Consulate  Gen- 
eral of  San  Francisco.  It  is  published  by 
the  Chinese  Six  Companies,  843  Stockton 
street,  and  is  distributed  free. 

The  China  society,  317  N.  W.  Davis 
street,  Portland,  Oregon,  has  published 
"The  North  China  Conflagration."  In- 
tended as  a  reply  to  a  pamphlet  of  the 
same  title  published  by  the  Japanese  as- 
sociation of  Oregon,  it  quotes  the  Jap- 
anese arguments  point  by  point  and  re- 
futes them  with  adequate  facts. 


THE  SINO-JAPANESE 
CONFLICT 

(Continued  from  p.  5) 
ported  to  be  racing  to  occupy  Kansu  prov- 
ince and  cut  off  land  communications  be- 
tween China  and  Soviet  Russia. 

January  14 — Gen.  Chiang  Kai-Shek 
flies  to  Suchow  to  direct  the  defense  of 
this  important  point.  Suchow  is  the  junc- 
tion of  China's  east-west  "lifeline,"  the 
Lunghai  railroad  and  the  Tientsin-Pukow 
line.  Gen.  Chiang  also  directs  shakeup 
in  the  military  commands  of  his  North 
China  forces. 


RECENT  BOOKS  ON   CHINA 
AND  THINGS  CHINESE 

(Continued  from  p.  10) 
a   family.     The   full   page   pictures   are 
reinforced  by  text-illustrations  from  wood 
blocks  cut  for  the  book  by  Chinese  artists 
in  Shanghai. 

China  Quest.  By  Elizabeth  F. 
Lewis.  Illustrated  by  Kurt  Wiese.  302 
pp.  Philadelphia:  John  C.  Winston  Co. 
$2. 

A  story  of  present-day  China,  of  the 
friendship  and  adventures  of  an  Ameri- 
can boy  and  a  Chinese  boy.  Abounds 
in  details  of  present-day  life  in  China. 


NO  FIRECRACKERS 

(Continued  from  p.  3) 
But  this  letter  reminded  us  of  another 
gentleman  who  resided  on  Nob  Hill  way 
back  in  the  1880's  who  also  wrote  a  letter 
to  the  press  at  that  time  to  complain  about 
something.  He  was  considerably  annoyed, 
he  said  (that  is,  that's  the  way  we  re- 
membered it)  by  the  fact  that  the  bell  at 
Old  St.  Mary's  church  rang  every  hour 
of  the  day  and  night.  The  gentleman 
thought  the  ringing  should  cease  at  night 
so  that  some  Nob  Hillders  like  himself 
could  sleep.  We  regret  to  say  that  no- 
body rushed  to  his  side  in  support.  Today 
the  bell  of  Old  St.  Mary's  still  tolls  the 
hours  day  and  night,  as  sonorously  as  ever. 
We'd  like  to  draw  a  moral  from  this  story, 
but  can't  find  one. 

Man  It  is  beginning  to  look  as  if  Mah 

J°n99  Jongg — China's  greatest  contri- 
bution to  the  social  games  of  the 
world  —  is  coming  back  into  fashion 
among  our  American  brethren.  After 
concentrating  all  their  energies  on  bridge 
for  the  past  decade  or  so,  Americans  are 
finding  that  the  game  involves  too  much 
mental,  emotional,  and  social  strain,  es- 
pecially on  occasions  (and  they  are  many) 
when  people  have  the  wrong  partners. 
Bridge  depends  on  team-work,  but  most 
teams  just  don't  work  out.  Not  so  with 
Mah  Jongg.  There's  a  game  where  every 
man  shifts  for  himself,  with  no  partner  to 
worry  yourself  to  a  frazzle  about.  Some 
of  our  second  generation  men  and  women 
have  taken  to  bridge  in  a  serious  way,  but 
Mah  Jongg  is  still  holding  its  own. 

At  any  rate,  the  price  of  Mah  Jongg 
sets  is  reported  to  have  gone  up,  though 
there  are  several  brands  on  the  market. 
We  have  been  told  that  in  some  China- 
town warehouses  there  are  still  hundreds, 
perhaps  thousands,  of  sets  which  have 
been  shelved  there  since  the  time,  about 
a  decade  ago,  when  the  Mah  Jongg  craze 
among  Americans  suddenly  died  out.  If 
what  we  learned  recently  is  true,  the  game 
is  coming  back  into  popularity,  the  herald- 
ing of  another  cycle  of  Mah  Jongg 
craze. 

Several  months  ago  a  magazine  de- 
voted to  games  and  hobbies  featured  an 
article  on  How  to  Play  Mah  Jongg.  And 
recently  a  book  of  rules  and  explanations 
called  The  New  Mah  Jongg  was  pub- 
lished in  New  York.  (The  New  Mah 
Jongg.  By  Viola  L.  Cecil  &  Lenore  Medi- 
nets.  N.  Y.:  Mrs.  Wm.  Cecil,  169  Cen- 
tral Park  S.  $\.) 


Sons  At  The  following  story  has  been 
ny  rice  g0[ng  tne  r0lmds  of  various 
publications  in  Canada,  the 
United  States,  and  China.  The  humor 
of  the  item  is  not  as  incredible  as  it  sounds, 
since  we  heard  a  supposedly  authentic 
case  once.  But  that's  another  story.  This 
one  is:  An  old  Chinese  servant  of  a  San 
Francisco  family  one  day  displayed  proud- 
ly to  his  employer  a  picture  of  a  hand- 
some woman  and  two  fine  boys  about  12 
and  15.  "My  wife  and  two  sons  in 
China,"  he  explained. 

A  look  of  incredulity  appeared  on  the 
employer's  face.  "What?  But  you  have 
been  with  us  for  20  years.  How  do  you 
account  for  these  sons?" 

"Oh,"  said  the  Chinese,  "I  have  fliend 
in  China." 


SAN   FRANCISCO  CHINA- 
TOWN'S SOCIAL   PROBLEMS 

(Continued  from  p.  8) 
interests.  Close  cooperation  with  the  em- 
ployment service  should  be  secured  by 
this  bureau.  The  vocational  guidance 
bureau  and  the  employment  service  should 
work  hand  in  hand,  as  one  supplements 
the  work  of  the  other. 
Employment  Service  for  the  Community 

The  California  State  Employment  ser- 
vice has  opened  a  Chinatown  office  but 
few  young  people  are  aware  of  the  possi- 
bilities of  such  a  service.  This  employ- 
ment service  is  made  available  by  the 
Wagner-Peyser  act  which  established  the 
United  States  Employment  service  as  a 
bureau  in  the  Department  of  Labor.  The 
California  State  Employment  service  is 
a  part  of  the  United  States  Employment 
service  and  its  Chinatown  office  has  been 
opened  for  over  a  year.  Though  this  new 
agency  in  the  community  is  still  explor- 
ing its  possibilities  the  indications  are  that 
in  the  future  it  will  render  valuable  serv- 
ice to  the  American-born  Chinese.  The 
young  people  should  take  advantage  of 
this  agency  and  register  with  the  C.  S. 
E.  S.,  so  that  the  staff  can  really  deter- 
mine the  vocational  training  of  the  Ameri- 
can-born Chinese  and  try  to  secure  place- 
ments for  those  who  apply.  Unless  the 
trained  and  untrained  workers  alike  are 
known  to  the  staff,  placements  are  not 
possible. 

These  two  articles  on  San  Francisco 
Chinatown's  social  problems  are  not  the 
mere  opinions  of  the  writer,  but  rather 
a  symposium  by  several  social  workers, 
and  the  writer  expresses  his  appreciation 
for  the  comments,  suggestions  and  letters 
which  have  resulted  in  this  discussion. 


*?i 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


February,  1938 


^Uesie  ate  wa 

babied, 


That's  why  the  only  milk  worth  con- 
sidering for  your  children  is  the  best 
you  can  buy.  Borden's  Dairy  Delivery 
Milk  is  the  choice  of  most  people. 


DAIRY  DELIVERY  COMPANY 


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Our  Newly  Installed 


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Keeping  Our  Service  up-to-the-minute 
For  Modern  Chinatownians 


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We  Make  20 
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[RERIflERV  of  Ice  Cream 


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Serve 

BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at    your    next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

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BEVERAGE  CO. 

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COMMENT-    SOCIAL   •  ►  SPOfcTS 
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Vol.  4,  No.  3 


March,   1938 


Ten  Cents 


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Salt  fish  being  dried  in  a  Chinatown  salt  fish  producing  market.   This  product  is  exported  to  all  parts 
of  the  country,  Canada,  Mexico  and  South  America. 


Page  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


March,  1938 


THE  CHINESE    DIGEST 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 
San  Francisco,  California   (CHina  2400) 

WILLIAM   HOY,   Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For   reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE   Associate   Editor 

LIM  P.   LEE   Sociological    Data 

HELEN  M.  FONG   Circulation  Manager 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

CORRESPONDENTS   and    REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakcrsf ield    Mamie   Lee 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Allen    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace   H.  Goo 

Los  Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Marysville    Virginia    Wah 

New  York   Bing   Chan,  Sophia  Chu 

Philadelphia    Henry  C.   Jung 

Portland    Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seattle,  Wash   Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton   Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,   Arizona   May  Tom 

Watsonville    Alice   Shew 

For  advertising  rates  call  China  2400 

FOUNDERS   and   PUBLISHERS 
THOMAS   W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 


The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data,  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress,  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

The  Chinatown  Crier 2,  3 

Far  East 4,  5 

Art  and  Culture 6,  7 

Sociological  Data 8 

The  Jade  Box 9 

Economic  Boycott 10 

Chinatownia 1 1-16 

Sports 17,  18 

Continuation  Page 19 

Pictures: 

Drying  Fish Cover 

Early  Round  Coins 7 

News  of  the  Month 12 

Chung  Mei  Gateway    13 

Lawrence  Wong    14 

Henry  K.  Wong 15 

Rice  Bowl  Game   17 


THE     CHI  NATOWN     CRIER 


We  We  are  presenting  herewith 

Present  a  new  department.  The  title 

is  a  paraphrase  of  Town  Crier.  All  we 
did  was  to  add  the  word  China  to  it  and 
presto!  an  entirely  new  connotation  of 
that  old  and  honorable  English  term  was 
born. 

In  a  sense  this  is  not  a  new  depart- 
ment at  all,  but  merely  a  change  from 
that  chilly  and  formal  section  entitled 
EDITORIAL  department  which  has 
usually  occupied  this  space.  According 
to  the  rules  of  journalism,  an  editorial  is 
usually  written  to  a  set  formula,  and  like 
all  things  written  in  this  manner  it  is 
cold,  formal,  and  as  impersonal  as  the 
man  in  the  moon.  It  is  these  unlovely 
qualities  which  have  given  rise  to  the  plati- 
tude that  nobody  ever  bothers  to  read  a 
newspaper  editorial. 

For  some  time  we  have  been  thinking 
of  a  way  in  which  we  may  write  informal 
editorial   notes,  comments,   and  observa- 


tions in  this  section,  but  not  necessarily 
labeling  them  as  editorials.  We  think  we 
have  the  solution  by  calling  forth  the 
CHINATOWN  CRIER.  But  we  will 
continue  to  write  editorials  as  the  occa- 
sions warrant. 

In  the  CHINATOWN  CRIER  we 
will  have  notes  and  comments  that  touch 
on  the  various  aspects  of  the  life  of  the 
Chinese  in  America,  items  that  may  have 
escaped  our  regular  CHINATOWNIA 
columns  and,  last  but  not  least,  notes  on 
California  which  deal  with  the  life  and 
thoughts  of  the  early  Chinese  in  this 
state.  And  of  other  states,  for  that  mat- 
ter. The  editor  will  welcome  correspond- 
ence and  information  from  readers  suit- 
able for  this  particular  department. 


Tradition  Many  of  the  things  which 
Demolished  Chinese  in  this  country  have 
deemed  traditional  and  inviolate  have 
been    set    aside    since    the    Sino-Japanese 


war  began  last  July.  Newspaper  reports 
from  all  parts  of  America  which  boast  of 
Chinatowns  told  of  suspension  of  all  cele- 
bration during  the  last  Chinese  New  Year 
and  that  the  funds  thus  saved  were  to  be 
donated  for  war  relief.  It  is  perfectly 
safe  to  say  that  not  a  single  firecracker 
exploded  throughout  the  country  during 
that  period.  You  may  say  that  this  ac- 
tion on  the  part  of  every  Chinese  w.^ 
quite  natural  in  view  of  the  situation  in 
China.  The  fact  stands  that  one  tradi- 
tion has  been  broken. 

Another  tradition  was  demolished 
when  recently  both  the  Chinese  Six  Com- 
panies and  the  Four  Family  Association 
permitted  pictures  of  their  interiors  to  be 
photographed  for  publication  purpose 
That  sort  of  thing  was  never  permitted 
before,  and  mav  never  be  again.  But  jusl 
the  same  another  hoars  tradition  has  been 
smashed.  Patriotism  had  become  the 
mother  of  tradition  breaking. 


March,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


THE     CHINATOWN     CRIER 


Housing  Since  there  is  a  good  deal  of 
Project  hope   at   this   time   that  the 

state  of  California  may  yet  get  in  on  the 
10-million-dollar  Federal  housing  funds 
now  available  (but  which  California  can- 
not ask  for  until  an  enabling  act  has 
been  signed,  sealed,  and  delivered  to 
Washington  by  Governor  Merriam)  dis- 
cussions are  again  rife  as  to  what  San 
Francisco  can  do  with  some  of  this  Federal 
money. 

The  best  suggestion  thus  far  came  from 
Health  Director  Geiger.  Dr.  Geiger  has 
long  been  pointing  out  about  the  deplor- 
able housing  situation  in  Chinatown. 
Therefore,  he  has  suggested  using  a  part 
of  the  Federal  money  to  raze  some  of 
Chinatown's  worst  tenement  buildings 
and  then  erecting  new  Chinese  style  build- 
ings in  their  stead.  The  carrying  out  of 
such  a  program  is  doubly  salutary,  since 
it  would  give  the  Chinese  community 
some  better  places  to  live  in  and  at  the 
same  time  make  Chinatown  more  attrac- 
tive. To  this  suggestion  we  are  whole- 
heartedly in  agreement. 


Raising  Practically   every  sizable 

Relief  Chinese     organization    in 

Funds  America   is  now   going  out 

individually  or  has  teamed  up  with  other 
organizations  to  raise  war  refugee  relief 
funds  in  their  own  communities  and  else- 
where. For  the  first  time  the  second  gen- 
eration has  suddenly  realized  how  much 
their  motherland  means  to  them  now  that 
it  is  in  danger  of  being  conquered,  and 
the  young  men  and  women  have  gone 
in  to  raise  relief  money  side  by  side  with 
the  older  generation.  This  fact  should 
warm  the  heart  of  every  Chinese. 

But  we  are  not  going  to  write  a  eulogy 
— at  least  not  yet.  What  we  want  to  note 
is  the  difference  in  methods  of  relief 
fund  raising  between  the  older  folks  and 
the  younger  generation.  The  older  gen- 
eration, the  majority  of  the  leaders  in 
every  Chinese  community,  come  together 
to  agree  on  the  need  of  a  fund  raising 
campaign  and  then  go  right  out  and  ask 
every  brother  for  direct  contributions. 
This  is  the  one  and  only  method  pursued 
in  the  current  campaigns  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, Chicago,  New  York,  and  other 
cities. 

With  the  second  generation  the  story  is 
different.  They  raise  funds  by  giving 
benefits,  wherein  you  get  something  in 
return  for  your  money.  These  take  the 
forms  of  dances,  motion  pictures,  skating, 


IF* 


plays,  bazaars,  competitive  games,  sales  of 
flowers,  buttons,  neckties,  edibles,  and 
other  things.  And  of  all  these  methods 
the  benefit  dance  is  the  most  popular  and 
profitable. 

In  times  of  financial  need,  whether 
that  need  is  within  one's  community  or 
in  the  homeland,  the  older  generation 
contributes  without  any  thought  of  any 
kind  of  return.  But  somehow  you  don't 
approach  any  second  generation  youth 
and  ask  for  a  direct  donation.  You  ask 
"Won't  you  buy  a  ticket  to  a  benefit 
dance?"  Somehow  the  psychology  is  dif- 
ferent. 

The  younger  folk  gave  so  many  benefit 
dances  during  the  past  months  that  up  in 
Portland  there  were  rumbling  sounds  of 
disapproval  from  the  older  crowd.  "You 
fiddle  and  dance  while  China  burns  and 
falls,"  they  seemed  to  say  while  dance 
after  dance  was  given  for  relief  funds. 
The  disapproval  grew  until  the  China 
Maid  journal,  a  little  mimeographed 
paper  published  in  the  interest  of  the 
second  generation,  rallied  to  the  defense 
and  explained  things  in  an  editorial. 
Whether  the  older  folks  were  satisfied 
with  the  explanation  is  not  known. 

This  little  incident  is  a  typical  mani- 
festation of  the  differences  in  psychology 
between  the  first  and  second  generation 
Chinese. 


Chinese  and  Some  interesting  letters 
Tuberculosis  from  readers  arguing  the 
pron  and  con  of  the  suscep- 
ttibility  of  the  Chinese  to  tuberculosis 
germs  recently  appeared  in  the  Hawaii 
Chinese  Journal,  a  contemporary  of  ours 
in  Honolulu.  The  discussion  began  by 
someone's  calling  attention  to  the  fact 
that  the  death  rate  among  Chinese  from 
tuberculosis  was  higher  than  that  of  any 
other  race  in  Hawaii.  Immediately  an- 
other replied  that  Chinese  are  an  easy  prey 
to  TB  germs  because  of  their  eating 
habits— of  getting  food  from  a  common 
dish.  Take  away  the  cause  and  things 
will  be  better.  If  the  Chinese  would 
eat  from  individual  plates,  doing  away 
with  the  common  dish,  TB  germs  would 
not  spread  in  a  wholesale  manner.  The 
solution,  apparently,  was  as  easy  as  that. 
The  first  epistle  writer  agreed  with  the 
second.  Then  one  "Cynical"  disagreed 
and  said  "those  who  would  succumb  to 
a  few  tuberculosis  germs  in  their  soup 
would     probably    succumb     to     tubercu- 


losis anyway  by  catching  it  in  other 
ways."  He  attributed  the  high  Chinese 
TB  death  rate  to  a  low  standard  of 
living  and  not  due  to  the  Chinese  system 
of  eating.  A  fourth  correspondent  up- 
held the  status  quo  and  declared  the 
Chinese  way  was  the  only  way  to  eat 
Chinese  food,  as  it  keeps  the  dishes  hot 
and   allows  more   variety. 

Then  someone  capped  the  climax  to 
the  argument  with  a  neat  bit  of  observa- 
tion on  human  nature:  "Doctors  tell 
us  that  kissing  spreads  germs,  but  the 
doctors  still  kiss." 


Marginal     The  death  of  a  ninety-some- 
Notes  odd-year-old  Chinese  in  Tomb- 

stone, Arizona,  recently,  re- 
minded us  again  that  the  real  pioneer 
generation — those  who  came  over  to 
America  within  the  gold  rush  era — among 
us  are  passing  on  one  after  another. 
The  stories  that  some  of  those  still  living 
could  tell  would  give  us  a  dramatic  pic- 
ture of  the  early  days  of  the  Chinese 
in  America.  Would  that  we  could  gather 
these  tales!   .   .  . 

An  83 -year-old  man  living  somewhere 
in  Sunnyvale  sent  a  note  of  inquiry  to 
San  Francisco  some  weeks  ago  and 
wanted  to  know  if  there  was  some  way 
in  which  he  could  get  a  free  passage  back 
home  to  China.  He  felt  that  his  earthly 
sojourn  was  coming  to  an  end  and  wished 
to  go  back  to  his  village  in  Canton  and 
pass  his  remaining  days  amidst  its  peace- 
ful countryside.  By  the  manner  in  which 
he  couched  his  inquiry  the  impression 
was  gained  that  the  aged  Chinese  did 
not  seem  to  know  there  was  a  gigantic 
war  going  on  in  China.  .  .  . 

There  is  little  question  about  this  now: 
mah  jongg  is  really  coming  back  into 
fashion  among  American  women's  cir- 
cles. We  are  heading  more  and  more 
about  mah  jongg  parties.  And  a  friend 
in  Memphis,  Tennessee,  even  sent  us 
a  page  from  the  society  section  of  a 
local  paper  there  which  described  a  gay 
mah  jongg  party  at  the  Memphis  country 
club. 

Incidentally,  another  mah  jongg  book 
is  out,  a  revised  edition  of  an  old  in- 
struction pamphlet  which  must  have  had 
evident  popularity  in  the  years  gone  by. 
It  is  "THAT'S  IT— A  New  Way  to 
Play  Mah  Jongg,"  by  Dorothy  S. 
Meyerson.   .   .   . 

The  CHINATOWN  CRIER, 


Page  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


March,  1938 


FAR     EAST 


CHINA'S  PLANS  FOR 
RESISTANCE  TO 
JAPANESE  AGGRESSION 

By  Tang  Leang-Li 
Editor,  People's  Tribune,  Honkong 
Elaborate  plans  are  being  made  by  the 
National  Government  to  continue  resis- 
tance to  Japanese  aggression  —  these 
measures  including  the  training  of  large 
numbers  of  men  for  military  service, 
adopting  of  new  defense  plans,  complete 
mobilization  of  national  industry,  and  re- 
organization of  the  government.  General 
Chiang  Kai-Shek  has  expressed  confidence 
that  China's  resistance  can  be  not  only 
continued  but  strengthened,  and  in  this 
connection  the  views  of  the  retiring  Brit- 
ish Ambassador  are  worth  quoting.  Sir 
Hughe  Knatchbull-Hugessen  (now  re- 
called to  London,  being  unable  to  resume 
his  diplomatic  duties  in  China  owing  to 
injuries  received  when  his  motor-car  was 
machine-gunned  by  Japanese  airmen)  is 
reported  to  have  said  to  an  interviewer: 
"China  has  accomplished  a  veritable  mir- 
acle in  responding  to  the  call  of  General 
Chiang  Kai-Shek  and  she  is  evidently 
determined  to  resist  Japan  to  the  last. 
General  Chiang  is  no  dreamer  but  a 
man  of  action,  as  his  remarkable  achieve- 
ments as  leader  of  the  Chinese  army  have 
clearly  shown." 

Military  Re-organization 

At  the  close  of  last  year  General  Chiang 
made  an  important  statement  on  the  mili- 
tary situation.  Within  two  months,  he 
said,  the  Chinese  armies  will  be  re- 
organized and  the  whole  strategic  plan  to 
a  considerable  extent  revised. 

In  reply  to  a  question  concerning  the 
next  aim  of  the  Japanese  offensive,  Gen- 
eral Chiang  said  that  the  Japanese  front 
is  now  so  extended  that  any  prophecy  was 
impossible,  but  he  was  still  convinced  that 
Chinese  resistance  would  finally  be  re- 
warded by  victory.  The  400,000  Chinese 
dead  and  wounded  would  be  replaced 
within  a  few  months  by  new,  fully 
trained  recruits.  The  General  believed 
that  the  Japanese  had  no  definite  strategic 
plan  for  their  operations,  so  that  it  was 
not  yet  possible  to  foresee  future  military 
developments. 

Japanese  Views  of  Situation 

According  to  General  Iwane  Matsui, 
the  future  operations  of  Japanese  troops 
are  entirely  dependent  on  the  attitude  of 
General  Chiang  Kai-Shek  and  the  Na- 
tional Government.  The  Commander-in- 
chief  of  the  Japanese  Expeditionary  Force 


in  Central  China,  in  an  interview  shortly 
after  the  fall  of  Nanking,  said:  "If  the 
Chinese  Government  still  fails  to  recon- 
sider its  actions  and  to  correct  its  attitude, 
the  expeditionary  force  will  continue  its 
operations  to  discharge  its  duty  until  the 
Chinese  government  stops  its  resistance." 
After  entering  Nanking,  Japanese  troops 
began  to  prepare  new  operations,  intend- 
ing to  advance  in  Chekiang  and  Anhwei 
provinces.  The  Japanese  commander 
hoped  "the  day  will  come  as  quickly  as 
possible  when  the  Chinese  government 
reconsiders  its  stand  and  Chinese  troops 
and  people  awake  to  the  fact  that  they 
should  cooperate  with  Japan,"  and  adopt 
"a  proper  attitude"  after  awakening  to 
the  realities  of  the  situation  and  recogniz- 
ing "the  prospect  of  better  things  in  the 
Orient."  (Since  this  article  was  written 
Gen  Matsui  has  been  recalled  to  Japan 
and  his  place  taken  by  General  Shunroku 
Hata. — Editor.) 

China's  Plans 
In  an  interview  granted  to  German 
press  representatives  General  Chiang  de- 
clared: "Although  severe  losses  have  been 
suffered,  China  is  in  a  position  to  replace 
every  soldier,  so  that  from  that  point  of 
view  no  difficulty  is  to  be  feared.  The 
policy  of  offering  massed  resistance  to  the 
Japanese  is  being  relinquished  in  favor  of 
guerrilla  warfare,  which  will  render  the 
Japanese  advance  more  and  more  dif- 
ficult." 

Questioned  concerning  the  supply  of 
arms  and  ammunition  in  view  of  the 
blockade,  General  Chiang  pointed  out 
that  the  principal  lines  of  supply  were 
now  from  Indo-China,  via  Yunnan,  and 
from  Soviet  Russia,  via  Kansu.  Several 
hundred  motor  lorries  have  already  made 
the  trip  from  Indo-China,  and  a  modern 
military  road  is  being  constructed  from 
Szechuan  via  Lanchow,  for  the  purpose 
of  obtaining  a  direct  route  from  Russia. 
General  Chiang  declined  to  discuss  re- 
lations with  Soviet  Russia,  but  empha- 
sized that  Sino-Soviet  relations  would  not 
be  allowed  to  interfere  with  China's  in- 
ternal policy.  In  reply  to  a  question  con- 
cerning China's  attitude  towards  Ger- 
many, General  Chiang  said:  "China  is 
grateful  for  the  sympathy  accorded  her 
by  the  German  government  and  the 
German  people  during  this  period  of 
great  difficulty.  We  hope  that  Germany 
will  always  remain  the  good  friend  of 
China  which  she  is  now." 

China's  Five  War  Fronts 

Well-informed  sources  in  Hankow  in- 


dicated that  the  various  war  fronts  will 
be  divided  into  five  districts.  The  first 
district  will  be  formed  by  the  province 
of  Shuntung  and  the  northern  part  of 
Kiangsu,  through  which  the  Tientsin- 
Pukow  railway  runs.  The  second  will  be 
Honan;  the  third  the  provinces  of  Shansi 
and  Shensi;  the  fourth  Anhwei,  the  south- 
ern part  of  Kiangsu,  and  Chekiang;  and 
the  fifth  will  consist  of  Hupeh  and 
Kiangsi. 

In  order  to  simultaneously  mobilize  the 
population  of  the  more  distant  provinces 
and  weld  the  nation  effectively  into  a 
homogeneous  mass,  the  Department  of 
National  Education  (now  placed  under 
the  control  of  the  Supreme  Military 
council),  will  train  students  whose  duty 
it  will  be  to  travel  through  China  to  ex- 
plain to  the  people  the  true  meaning  of 
the  war  of  defense  against  Japan,  and  to 
enlist  recruits.  A  "War  Service  Corps" 
will  train  the  civilian  population  for  guer- 
rilla warfare.  This  corps  will"  also  guard 
victualing  columns,  and  perform  work 
usually  associated  with  the  Red  Cross. 
State  Control  of  Industries 

Meantime,  in  another  significant  move, 
the  National  Government  has  placed  con- 
trol of  the  nation's  private  and  public- 
owned  industries,  mines,  commercial  and 
agricultural  projects  under  the  Militarv 
Affairs  commission.  This  commission 
will  cooperate  with  local  Chambers  of 
Commerce,  farmers'  unions,  labor  unions, 
and  other  technical  organizations  in  study- 
ing plans  for  coordinating  output  as  well 
as  increasing  and  conserving  the  natural 
and  industrial  resources  of  China. 

The  industries,  commercial  and  min- 
ing projects  now  placed  under  govern- 
ment control  include  practically  every 
enterprise  being  undertaken  in  China.  A 
partial  list  shows  that  control  will  extend 
over  all  mines,  and  over  factories  produc- 
ing cement,  alcohol,  fuel,  and  transporta- 
tion equipment.  The  production  of  silk, 
cotton,  and  foodstuffs,  both  in  their  raw 
and  manufactured  state,  will  come  under 
the  regulation.  Newspapers,  books,  and 
other  publications  are  also  included  un- 
der the  heading  of  educational  and  cul- 
tural enterprises. 

"Puppet  Governments"  Repudiated 
Efforts  by  the  Japanese  military  au- 
thorities to  induce  influential  Chinese  in 
important  cities  under  enemv  occupation 
to  establish  "autonomous"  organizations 
to  carry  on  local  administrative  work 
have  not  made  much  progress.  In  Pei- 
ping    a    so-called    "Provisional    Govern- 


■**■#=•  '*•:: 


March,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


ment  of  the  Republic  of  China"  has  been 
established  under  Japanese  military  pro- 
tection, but  attempts  to  set  up  a  munici- 
pal administration  in  Shanghai  under 
similar  auspices  have  so  far  failed.  In 
Nanking  an  "autonomous  commission" 
has  been  established  by  Tao  Hsi-Shan, 
head  of  the  local  branch  of  the  Red 
Swastika  society,  pledged  to  do  all  in  its 
power  to  rehabilitate  Nanking  by  "co- 
operating with  various  pro- Japanese  bod- 
ies in  the  areas  under  Japanese  military 
occupation." 

In  regard  to  North  China,  where  the 
situation  is  more  serious,  owing  to  the 
pretensions  of  pro- Japanese  puppets,  the 
National  Government  has  declared  its 
attitude  in  very  plain  terms,  and  these 
views  also  apply  to  similar  developments 
in  other  cities.  "All  acts  of  the  recently 
inaugurated  regime  in  Peiping,  the  so- 
called  'Provisional  Government  of 
the  Republic  of  China,'  shall  be  con- 
sidered null  and  void,  both  internal- 
ly and  externally  and  both  de  facto 
and  de  jure,"  declared  a  statement  issued 
from  Chungking  by  the  National  Gov- 
ernment. After  recalling  the  Japanese 
occupation,  the  statement  declared  that 
the  North  China  regime  is  "merely  a  rep- 
etition of  Japan's  action  in  Manchuria," 
and  pointed  out  that  "Japan  is  alone  re- 
sponsible for  the  existence  and  actions  of 
the  organization,  which  is  thoroughly  un- 
der Japanese  control.  This  bogus  organ- 
ization, or  any  similar  organization  that 
may  exist  elsewhere,  is  the  result  of  an 
important  move  on  the  part  of  Japan  in 
the  relentless  prosecution  of  her  aggres- 
sive policy  in  China. 

Following  this  declaration  of  the  Na- 
tional Government,  a  cable  from  New 
York  quoted  the  N.  Y.  Times  as  saying: 
"There  is  no  reason  whatever  to  believe 
that  foreign  nations  will  extend  to  the 


puppet  government  south  of  the  Great 
Wall  of  China,  recognition  which  they 
deliberately  withheld  from  the  puppet 
government  of  'Manchukuo.'  There  is 
also  no  reason  to  believe  that  foreign  na- 
tions will  sanction  loans  to  the  new  'inde- 
pendent' China.  Certainly,  in  our  case, 
Japan  is  badly  misreading  the  facts  of  the 
situation  if  she  believes  for  one  moment 
that  American  opinion  would  permit  any 
action  on  the  part  of  our  banks  and  com- 
mercial interests,  which  would  help  fas- 
'  ten  Japan's  hold  on  property  stolen  from 
the  Chinese  people." 

Shanghai  Chinese  Pledge  Support 
Finally,  it  should  be  noted  that  in  cele- 
brating the  first  anniversary  of  the  con- 
clusion of  the  Sian  incident,  public  or- 
ganizations in  Shanghai  sent  a  telegram 
to  General  Chiang  at  Hankow,  pledging 
their  full  support  of  the  National  Gov- 
ernment and  its  plan  of  armed  resistance 
against  Japan.   The  telegram  read: 

"We  have  been  greatly  moved  by  read- 
ing your  statement  of  last  week,  reiterat- 
ing the  firm  decision  of  the  Chinese 
Government  to  resist  Japanese  aggres- 
sion. Although  Shanghai  fell  more  than 
a  month  ago,  every  Chinese  citizen  here 
is  eager  to  do  his  part  at  all  times  for 
his  fatherland.  On  this  day,  in  remem- 
brance of  your  safe  departure  from  Sian 
last  year,  the  three  million  Chinese  here 
are  raising  Chinese  flags,  under  the  most 
difficult  conditions,  and  giving  full  sup- 
port to  you  and  to  the  Central  Govern- 
ment. This  represents  also  our  firm  de- 
cision not  to  surrender,  and  our  hope  that 
every  Chinese  in  the  country,  under  our 
supreme  leader,  will  fight  for  our  final 
victory  under  the  banner  of  the  San  Min 
Chu  I,  with  ever  growing  revolutionary 
spirit.  So  long  as  we  are  determined  to 
achieve  success,  we  can  do  it.  So  long 
as  we  are  determined  to  fight  on,  national 


regeneration  is  assured." 

This  declaration  was  signed  by  all  civic, 
cultural,  and  educational  organizations 
in  Shanghai,  and  the  solid  loyalty  to  Kuo- 
mintang  principles  expressed,  together 
with  the  unshaken  confidence  to  General 
Chiang  and  his  colleagues  in  the  govern- 
ment, is  an  inspiring  answer  to  those  who 
affect  to  believe  that  the  frightful  suf- 
fering and  devastation  wrought  by  the 
Japanese  military  machine  has  weakened 
China's  determination  to  continue  her  re- 
sistance to  aggression. 

[As  the  above  article  went  to  print, 
Reichsfuehrer  Adolf  Hitler  of  Germany 
announced  that  his  country  would  recog- 
nize Japanese  sponsored  "Manchukuo," 
thus  repudiating  his  own  promise  five 
years  ago  that  he  would  not  recognize 
this  bogus  state.  This  announcement 
came  in  the  course  of  his  three-hour 
speech  to  the  Reichstag  on  Feb.  20.  In 
regard  to  the  Sino- Japanese  war  Hitler 
declared:  "I  am  afraid  Japanese  defeat 
in  East  Asia  never  would  benefit  Europe 
or  America  but  solely  bolshevist  Soviet 
Russia. 

["I  do  not  think  China  spiritually  or 
materially  strong  enough  to  resist  a  bol- 
shevist offensive  alone.  But  I  do  believe 
even  the  most  sweeping  Japanese  victory 
would  be  infinitely  less  dangerous  for 
civilization  and  the  general  peace  of  the 
world  than  a  bolshevist  victory." 

[The  Chinese  Government  saw  in  Hit- 
ler's speech  a  complete  reorientation  of 
German  policy  in  the  Orient,  and  a 
change  which  was  detrimental  to  China. 
Government  officials  pointed  out  that 
this  action  would  benefit  Germany  neither 
politically  or  economically.  The  influ- 
ential newspaper  Takungpao  stated  that 
Hitler,  "by  calling  Japan  a  stabilizing 
force  in  the  Orient  ...  is  really  en- 
couraging international  brigandage."] 


THE  SINO- 
JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Day  by  day  resume  of  the  highlights 
of  the  present  "undeclared  war"  between 
China  and  Japan,  continued  from  last 
issue.) 

January  15 — Two  Japanese  columns 
closing  on  strategic  Suchow  from  north 
and  south.  Recapture  of  Tsining(  Shan- 
tung) by  Chinese  forces  reported. 

January  16 — Japan  prepares  to  recall 
her.  Ambassador  to  China,  according  to 
a  Domei  report.  Japan  also  plans  to  rec- 
ognize the  so-called  "provisional  govern- 
ment" at  Peiping,  established  with  Japa- 


nese connivance. 

January  17 — 100,000  Chinese  troops 
from  Outer  Mongolia  reported  to  be 
heading  for  Suiyuan  province  to  meet 
Japanese  attacks  at  the  eastern  borders. 

January  18 — 6,000  Chinese  irregulars 
reported  harrassing  the  Japanese  forces 
near  Shanghai.  Shegeru  Kawagoe,  Japa- 
nese Ambassador  to  China,  recalled  by 
his  government.  This  was  Japan's  means 
of  "repudiating"  the  Chinese  govern- 
ment of  Chiang  Kai-Shek. 

January  21 — Chinese  reports  indicate 
the  Japanese  drive  on  Suchow  is  stale- 
mated by  the  bitter  cold  of  the  Central 
China  front. 


January  23 — The  American  consul  in 
Nanking  reports  that  Japanese  troops 
continue  to  loot  and  plunder  in  the  evac- 
uated capital. 

January  24 — General  Han  Fu-Chu, 
military  commander  and  former  governor 
of  rich  Shantung,  is  executed  by  order 
of  a  courtmartial  after  being  found  guilty 
of  disobeying  the  high  command  by  order- 
ing a  retreat. 

January  27 — Chinese  military  leaders 
declare  guerilla  warfare  on  China's  far- 
flung  battle  fronts  has  brought  them  in- 
creasing success  against  the  Japanese. 
(Continued  on  p.  11,  col.  1) 


Pogc  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Morcti,  T938 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah   Lee 


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES 
AND  INVENTIONS 

NUMBERS  76-80:  THE  CHINESE 
INVENTED  COINAGE  500  YEARS 
BEFORE  LYDIA;  INCLUDING  THE 
PIERCED  COINS,  THE  RIMMED 
COINS,  THE  STACKABLE  COINS, 
AND  THE  COMMEMORATIVE 
COINS.  CONTINUATION  -  THE 
ORIGIN  OF  THE  ROUND  COINS 
AND  THE  BEGINNING  OF  THE 
DUO-DENARY  SYSTEM. 

The  origin  of  the  round  coins  is 
shrouded  in  mystery,  but  whether  in  the 
form  of  rings,  washers,  ch'uan,  ch'ien, 
cash,  or  coppers,  it  extended  through 
nearly  three  thousand  years  of  Chinese 
history.  The  round  bronze  coins  with 
a  hole  in  the  center  may  have  originally 
been  a  form  of  utensil  coins,  being  per- 
haps models  of  rings,  pendants,  brace- 
lets, archer's  thumb  guards,  metallic 
loops,  or  jade  discs. 

In  early  times,  metallic  ingots  were 
often  shaped  into  loops  or  rings  for  con- 
venience in  handling,  such  as  the  ancient 
Egyptian  ring  "money"  of  about  1600 
B.  C.,  and  these  may  have  eventually 
evolved  into  rir.g  coins.  The  jade  pi  used 
by  the  ancients  ^or  the  worship  of  heaven, 
and  the  jade  ivuan  chi  (Cantonese:  suan 
lei)  said  to  hr.ve  ^een  used  by  Emperor 
Huang  Ti  (2698-25.  8  B.  C.)  for  measur- 
ing the  movement  of  i.eavenly  bodies  are 
essentially  jade  washers,  and  these  may 
also  have  been  models  for  the  round  ring- 
like coins. 

Ring  Money 

The  earliest  mention  of  the  round 
bronze  coin  or  huan  (if  we  discard  the 
possibility  that  the  metallic  money  of  the 
legendary  time  of  Tai  Hou,  3000  B.  C, 
could  refer  to  round  coins)  is  in  1091 
B.  C.  when  a  regulation  of  the  Chou  dy- 
nasty made  official  the  following  curren- 
cies throughout  the  Empire: 

1.  Gold  in  square  inches  weighing  one 
chin. 

2.  Bronze  huan  in  units  of  chu — small- 
est currency  weight  unit. 

3.  Bronze  plate  and  ingots,  also  in 
units  of  chu. 

4.  Silk  clothes  in  prescribed  sizes. 
The   earliest  huan   has   no  inscription 

and  apparently  they  were  all  supposed  to 
be  of  the  same  weight.  The  central  hole, 
which  is  circular,  has  a  diameter  a  little 
greater  than  the  width  of  the  body  of  the 
ring.  This  type  we  might  call  the  ring- 
huan  to  distinguish  it  from  a  later  huan 
the  diameter  of  whose  central  hole  was  a 


little  less  than  the  width  of  the  body  of 
the  coin.  This  latter  type,  also  pro- 
nounced huan  but  written  differently,  we 
might  call  washer-huan.  The  washer- 
huan  eventually  become  the  cash  coin  of 
the  Empire. 

Numerous  issues  of  ring-huans  were 
made  from  1091  B.  C.  on,  but  apparently 
none  of  the  early  ones  were  readily  ac- 
cepted. The  issue  of  1032  B.  C.  was  not 
popular.  From  the  Shu  Ching,  Chapter 
V,  Section  27,  we  learned  that  the  ring-, 
huan  co-existed  with  the  utensil  coins  in 
940  B.  C.  (and  this  is  our  earliest  refer- 
ence to  the  utensil  coins) ,  but  people 
everywhere  preferred  the  utensil  coins 
to  the  ring-huans. 

Why  were  the  ring-huans  not  popular? 
If  they  were  made  to  replace  the  jade 
discus  it  is  obvious  that  they  made  poor 
substitutes.  But  the  word  ring-huan  is 
also  a  term  for  the  largest  currency  weight 
unit,  the  Imperial  Standard.  This  is  said 
to  be  the  equivalent  of  six  and  two-thirds 
liang  or  ounces.  There  is  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  the  ring-huan  were  debased 
coins  bearing  unusually  high  face  value. 
The  populace,  perhaps  through  centuries 
of  bitter  experience,  had  learned  to  judge 
coins  not  by  inscription  but  by  the  intrin- 
sic value  of  the  metal  only. 

However,  it  must  not  be  assumed  that 
the  ring-huans  were  altogether  valueless. 
From  a  penal  code  of  950  B.  C.  we  learn 
that  where  the  evidence  in  a  criminal  case 
was  uncertain  mulcts  were  given  for  cer- 
tain grave  punishments,  as  for  example: 
Branding  might  be  commuted  for  100 
bronze  ring-huans;  castration,  500  ring- 
huans;  the  death  sentence,  1,000  ring- 
huans. 

Huans  were  inscribed  with  weight  for 
the  first  time  in  655  B.  C.  and  it  is  safe 
to  assume  that  the  washer-huan  replaced 
the  ring-huans  at  this  time.  The  term  "pao 
huo"  (valuable  wares;  hence,  monry) 
was  inscribed  on  washer-huans  around  600 
B.  C.  We  should  note  here  that  inscrip- 
tion of  weight,  place  of  origin,  and  ob- 
ject were  found  in  utensil  coins  at  a 
much  earlier  date. 

In  an  effort  to  create  popularity  for 
the  washer-huans,  Ching  Wji.g  of  the 
Kingdom  of  Ch'in  issued  them  four  times 
heavier  than  the  existing  ones  in  524  B.  C. 
together  with  subsidiaries,  the  yuan,  the 
half  yuan,  the  liang,  and  the  chu,  but 
preference  was  still  for  the  utensil  coins 
and  these  issues  were  finally  abandoned. 
He  also  issued  pao  huo  coins  of  one,  four, 
and  six  huos.   This  is  a  forerunner  of  the 


convenient  "dozen"  system,  for  he  stated 
that  he  wanted  it  so  that  two  six  huo 
coins  equalled  three  four  huo  coins.  This 
is  the  first  instance  of  round  coins  having 
subsidiary  values. 

Ch'ien  or  Cash 

The  pao  huo  coins  of  Ching  Wang 
have  holes  which  are  square  rather  than 
round,  and  these  coins  became  the  rule 
down  to  the  time  of  the  Republic,  1911. 
The  word  ch'ien  is  now  applied  to  these 
square-holed  coins,  although  around  the 
beginning  of  the  Christian  era  they  were 
also  known  for  awhile  as  ch'uan  or  huo 
ch  uan.  The  word  ch'ien  was  first  ap- 
plied to  the  spade  coins.  The  character  is 
composed  of  two  spears  with  gold  as  the 
radical  and  in  earlier  times  denoted  a 
gold  digging  implement,  but  at  that  time 
had  already  come  to  mean  a  spade,  hence 
it  was  applied  to  the  spade  coins.  The 
word  ch'uan  means  source  or  fountain, 
but  in  the  early  days  it  also  stood  for  in- 
coming liquid  money.  Both  ch'uan  and 
ch'ien  are  known  to  westerners  as  "cash." 
Today,  ch'ien  applies  exclusively  to  the 
pierced  round  coins. 

The  most  significant  thing  about  the 
Ching  Wang  coins  is  that  they  were 
made  with  flat  faces  (called  p'ing  mien 
ch'ien),  and  were  thus  stackable.  This 
is  done  by  having  the  inner  and  outer 
border  (called  chou  kuo  or  surrounding 
inner  city  wall)  and  the  raised  inscrip- 
tion flat  and  on  the  same  plane.  This 
praiseworthy  invention  is  based  on  a  vet 
earlier  remarkable  invention  which  we 
found  first  on  the  angular-tip-concave- 
bottom  spade  coins — the  rimming  of  the 
coin  with  a  raised  edge  to  prevent  clip- 
ping or  stealing  of  the  metal.  This  edge 
on  the  spade  coin  is  not  flat  but  shaped 
like  an  inverted  "v,"  and  so  the  coin  was 
only  accidentally  stackable.  Rimless  coins 
continued  to  be  made  until  the  middle  of 
the  Han  dynasty,  as  for  example,  the 
rimless  pan  liang  coins  of  the  Chin-Han 
period. 

From  350  B.  C.  on,  round  coins  were 
cast  in  a  cluster  arranged  somewhat  like 
a  sereated  leaf  (as  many  as  86  to  a 
cluster)  instead  of  singly  or  in  rows,  .u 
was  the  case  in  Korea  up  to  comparatively 
recent  times.  Typically,  the  pre-Han 
coins  have  flat  reverses.  Red  dves  which 
have  remained  un faded  through  the  ages 
were  found  in  some  of  the  early  coins, 
and  there  are  Western  collectors  who  af- 
firm that  this  pigment  i.s  from  the  Canarv 
island  off  the  coast  of  Africa  and  that  the 


March,    1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


ART     AND     CULTURE 

. Chingwah  Lee   . 


Page  7 


V/u  Chu   Coin*,  3.  $» .       Divided  Wu  Chu .    ten  Hsirtf.  Huo  ChW  &JL  f  $ 


Part  iton^    W*nf  ttaafs'  Chinf  l(fen0       Picture    Coins 


403'222  6.C. 


Earliest  round  coins  of  about  two  thousand  years  ago,  including  the  very  rare  Ching  Wang  Six  Huo  Pao,  the  pan  hang,  the  divided  wu  chu,  the 
wu  hang  ta  pu,  the  hu  Ch'uan,  and  the  Wang  Mang  token.    Author's  collection. 


early  Chinese  were   in  touch  with  Egyp- 
tian civilization. 

Types  of  Coins 

Reflecting  the  unrest  of  the  time,  num- 
erous issues  were  produced  toward  the 
end  of  the  Chou  dynasty,  and  this  was 
so  until  the  appearance  of  the  famous  wu 
chu  coins.  The  important  thing  to  re- 
member, however,  is  that  they  bear  weight 
or  place  inscription.  For  convenience  we 
may  classify  them  into  types,  the  main 
ones  of  which  are  given  below.  (Note: 
No  attempt  is  made  to  give  a  complete 
catalog  of  coins  in  these  articles.  Up  till 
modern  times,  China  with  over  10,000  is- 
sues had  more  variety  of  coins  than  all  of 
Europe  combined.  Only  coins  having 
bearing  on  the  evolution  of  coinage  will 
be  given  detailed  description.) 

1.  The  "Huo"  series  is  a  carry-over 
from  the  spade  and  sword  coins  which 
are  generally  designated  as  huo.  Besides 
the  Ching  Wang  pao  huo  of  one,  four, 
and  six  huo,  there  are  the  Feng  Huo  coins 
of  403-222  B.  C. 

2.  The  "Chin"  series  is  likewise  related 
to  the  spade  or  axe  coins,  the  chin  (axe) 
being  a  unit  of  weight.  Thus  we  have 
the  Liang  (Good)  Chin  and  One  (or 
Four)  Chu  of  523-221  B.  C,  and  the 
Ch'ang  Yuan  One  Chin  of  290  B.  C. 

3.  The  "Liang"  series  represent  fairly 


large  coins  expressed  in  liang  or  ounces, 
the  first  made  being  the  pan  liang  of 
King  Hui,  337  B.  C.  Others  are  the  two 
liang  of  179  B.  C.  and  the  Chung  One 
Liang  and  12  chu  of  the  Chin-Han  per- 
iod. 

4.  The  "Chu"  series  represents  rather 
small  coins,  the  first  being  the  Wu  Ti 
three  chu  of  141  B.  C.  The  five  chu  of 
118  B.  C.  is  an  important  issue,  this 
one  being  in  use  up  to  the  beginning 
of  the  T'ang  dynasty.  There  were  also 
coins  of  two,  four,  and  twelve  chu  in 
weight. 

5.  The  "Numeral"  series  merely  has  a 
number  on  the  coin,  the  weight  being 
understood.  Thus  the  Fifty  or  Wu  Shih 
coin  of  118  B.  C.  is  a  wu  chu  coin. 
Others  include  the  Ming  Ssu  coins  of  480- 
255  B.  O,  the  Yuang  An  One  Thousand, 
and  the  Tai  P'ing  One  Hundred  Ch'ien 
(an  early  instance  of  the  word  ch'ien  on 
coins)   of  221-227  A.  D. 

6.  The  "Chung"  series  may  be  any  of 
the  above  coins  but  have  the  prefix  Chung 
(weighs)  before  the  units,  as  for  example 
the  Chung  One  Liang  12  (13  and  15) 
chu  coins  and  the  Chung  12  chu  coins  of 
the  Chin-Han  period. 

7.  The  "Ti"  series  has  the  prefix  "Ti" 
(Serial)  placed  before  the  unit  mark,  as 
for  example,  the  Ti  One  to  Ti  Twenty 


coins  of  255-209  B.  C,  and  the  Ti  Chung 
one,  four,  and  eight  liang  four  chu  coins 
of  the  same  period. 

8.  The  "Place"  series  are  relatively  few 
in  number  but  not  unknown,  as  for  ex- 
ample, the  Yen  P'ing  coins  of  106  A.  D., 
the  Hsi  Chou  coins  of  314-256  B.  C,  the 
Round  Ming  "Knife"  coin  of  480-255 
B.  C.  (this  round  coin  is  an  alternative 
of  the  sword  coin  of  the  City  of  Ming) . 

Other  echoes  of  former  coins  include 
the  round-holed  Yuan  Huo  coins  of  660- 
336  B.  O,  the  round  hole  Yu  coins  of 
400  B.  C.  (or  later) ,  and  the  Pan  Huan 
(half  washer-huan)  of  290-251  B.  C. 
Round  holed  coins  staged  short  "come 
backs"  on  several  occasions:  the  Hsiang 
Fu  Yuan  Pao  and  the  Chih  P'ing  Sheng 
(Continued  on  p.  19,  col.  3) 


Gkineie.  Illwiki. 
o{  Alt 

NATHAN  BENTI 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


r   /   y 


Page  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


March,  1938 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


The  Chinese  In  Tucson,  Arizona 


By  May  Y.  Tom 

Arizona  Correspondent  of  the 

Chinese  Digest 

(Editor's  Note:  Regular  readers  of  the  Chi- 
nese Digest  know  that  one  of  the  primary  pur- 
poses of  this  journal  is  the  gathering  of  au- 
thentic information  and  data  on  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  Chinese  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States.  In  the  gathering  and  pre- 
sentation of  such  information  it  is  our  hope  to 
acquaint  second  generation  Chinese  with  the 
knowledge  as  to  how  our  Chinese  commun- 
ities in  this  country  came  into  being,  how  they 
grew,  and  what  are  their  statuses  today,  eco- 
nomically, socially,  etc. 

(Although  we  have  previously  published 
data  on  the  Chinese  in  Mississippi  and  on  the 
Chinese  single  men's  migration  in  California, 
the  following  article  is  the  first  of  series  es- 
pecially designed  to  give  the  history,  past  and 
present  of  several  Chinese  communities  in 
America.  This  article,  and  those  to  follow,  at 
intervals,  cannot  make  claim  to  be  exhaustive 
surveys  but  are  to  be  taken  as  preliminary 
studies.  They  are  to  be  considered  as  the 
spade  work  necessary  for  later  and  more 
thorough  studies. 

(Since  these  articles  are  but  preliminary 
studies  it  is  natural  that  inaccuracies,  errors 
and  mistakes  in  dates,  statistics,  and  other 
data  may  crop  up  now  and  then.  If  any  of  our 
readers  should  discover  such  errors,  the  editor 
would  be  grateful  if  they  would  write  in  and 
give  the  correct  information.  Also,  if  in  any  of 
these  articles  some  vital  and  significant  aspect 
of  the  history  of  a  particular  community  has 
been  overlooked,  we  would  be  grateful  also 
if  our  readers  would  give  us  such  informa- 
tion. 

("The  Chinese  <n  Tucson,  Arizona,"  will 
be  published  in  two  parts.  The  writer,  Miss 
May  Tom,  is  Arizona-born  and  is  a  graduate 
of  the  University  of  Arizona,  with  an  A.  B. 
in  Education.  She  has  the  distinction  of  being 
the  only  Chinese  teacher  in  Tucson's  public 
school  system. 

("Tucson  has  a  population  of  65,000," 
writes  Miss  Tom,  "which  includes  525  Chi- 
nese, our  total  population  here.  And  dear 
Editor,  will  you  please  tell  our  readers  that 
Tucson  or  any  part  of  Arizona  is  not  over- 
run with  wild  Apaches  threatening  innocent 
bystanders  with  tomahawks.  The  only  people 
who  wear  any  war  paint  are  the  women!  Tuc- 
son in  the  summer  is  not  any  warmer  that 
Stockton.  In  fact,  people  residing  in  Cali- 
fornia's Imperial  Valley  enjoy  warmer  tempera- 
ture than  in  Tucson." 

(In  writing  her  article  Miss  Tom  has  drawn 
heavily  for  her  material  from  the  files  of  the 
Arizona  Daily  Star,  and  some  data  was  also 
obtained  from  records  in  the  Arizona  His- 
torical society.  To  these  two  sources  the  writer 
wishes  to  extend  her  grateful  acknowledg- 
ment.) 


The  first  Chinese  pioneers  in  Arizona 
were  those  rugged  individuals  who  came 
into  the  state  as  early  as  1860.  Tucson 
was  settled  when  the  railroads  came  into 
being. 


The  Chinese  who  settled  in  Tucson 
came  from  the  Sam  Yup  (Poon  Yue, 
Fa  Yuen,  Sun  Tuck,  Nam  Hoi)  dis- 
tricts; the  Toyshan  district  people  came 
later.  There  is  a  legend  here  that  the 
immigrants  from  the  two  separate  dis- 
tricts were  distinctly  hostile  to  each  other 
so  that  finally  one  after  the  other  of  the 
Sam  Yup  people  left.  The  present  Chi- 
nese population  is  around  525  and  only 
a  few  of  them  are  Sam  Yup  people,  the 
rest  being  from  Toyshan  or  Sun  Wui 
districts. 

The  earliest  Chinese  who  settled  in 
Tucson  in  1860  were  three  members  of 
the  Wong  clan.  It  is  said  that  they 
worked  as  section  hands  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  line  when  the  railroad  was  blazing 
its  way  to  the  east,  but  left  this  employ- 
ment when  the  construction  gangs  ar- 
rived at  Gila  Bend,  some  150  miles  west 
of  Tucson.  However,  this  story  does 
not  check  with  the  facts,  since  the  South- 
ern Pacific  did  not  begin  building  until 
1865  and  then  it  was  several  years  before 
the  line  reached  anywhere  near  Tucson. 

Anyway,  records  state  that  the  three 
Wongs  settled  in  Tucson  in  1860.  They 
opened  the  first  Chinese  restaurant  there, 
called  it  the  O.  K.  Restaurant  and 
charged  seventy-five  cents  a  meal.  For 
cash  register  they  used  an  old  laundry 
basket. 
Oldest   Inhabitant 

Yee  Hoy,  90  years  old,  caretaker  of 
the  Kuomintang  and  Chee  Kung  Tong 
headquarters,  has  the  distinction  of  hav- 
ing been  in  Tucson  longer  than  any  of 
his  countrymen.  He  arrived  in  1870  and 
only  the  three  Wongs  are  believed  to 
have  preceded  him.  Yee  Hoy  is  a  native 
of  Canton  and  while  a  very  young  boy 
came  to  San  Francisco  and  was  employed 
there  as  a  domestic  servant  by  a  Mr. 
Stippi.  Later  he  left  in  company  with 
his  employer  and  came  to  Tucson  on  a 
springless  horse  wagon  over  dirt  high- 
ways. His  impressions  of  early  Tucson 
are  vivid  but  scant.  There  was  only  one 
brick  house  and  the  rest  were  all  con- 
structed of  adobe  when  he  first  came, 
while  the  streets  were  totally  unpaved. 
Later  Yee  left  Mr.  Stippi's  employment 
but  stayed  in  Tucson  and  occupied  him- 
self as  cook,  gardener,  and  servant.  He 
is  of  small  stature,  and  one  may  usually 
find  him  sitting  in  a  quiet  corner  of  a 
Chinese   store   in  Chinatown,   observing 


the  customers  and  always  greeting  one 
with  a  pleasant  smile.  Everyone  speaks 
of  him  affectionately  as  Hoy  Goong 
(Grandfather  Hoy). 

The  U.  S.  Census  states  that  the 
Chinese  did  not  enter  Arizona  until  1860, 
and  then  not  until  1870  did  great  num- 
bers come  in.  In  1863  Arizona  became 
a  territory  when  Congress  passed  the 
Organic  act,  and  the  state  remained  a 
territory  for  49  years.  The  greatest  in- 
flux of  Chinese  was  in  1880  when  the 
Southern  Pacific  completed  its  tracks 
across  Arizona.  The  following  statistics 
of  Chinese  in  Arizona  are  taken  from 
the  U.   S.   Census: 

1860  3 

1870  20 

1880  1630 

Another  reason  for  the  great  influx 
of  Chinese  into  this  state  in  the  eighties 
was  probably  due  to  the  persecution  of 
Chinese  in  California.  Resentment  against 
the  Chinese  in  California  due  entirely 
to  economic  causes  grew  more  and  more 
violent  until  Congress  passed  the  Restric- 
tion act  which  barred  any  more  immi- 
gration of  Chinese  laborers. 
The   Chinese   in   Business 

The  railroads  played  a  large  part  in 
the  development  of  the  western  United 
States.  To  the  thousands  of  Chinese 
who  worked  as  section  hands,  cooks,  and 
waiters  in  the  building  of  the  Southern 
Pacific,  the  railroads  also  were  a  factor 
in  their  later  economic  development. 
Some  of  these  settled  in  Arizona  after 
accumulating  a  little  capital  and  began 
opening  laundries  and  provision  stores. 
It  is  related  that  there  was  a  Chinese 
who  once  operated  a  house  to  house 
laundry.  He  carried  his  wash  tub,  board, 
and  iron  with  him  and  when  he  found 
work  he  just  built  a  fire,  heated  the  iron 
and  water,  and  started  to  work.  The 
desert  sky  was  his  roof  and  cries  of 
hungry  coyotes  at  dawn  were  his  alarm 
clock.  Most  of  these  early  Chinese  were 
ignorant  of  the  English  tongue  and  suf- 
fered much  hardship  and  humiliation  as 
a  result  of  this  handicap. 

There  were  many  Chinese  who  also 
prospected  for  gold,  mostly  in  panning 
the  tailings  of  American  and  Spanish 
mines.  One  American  prospector  said 
that  some  of  these  Chinese  made  more 
money  than  the  Americans  did  in  this 
manner. 


March,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


THE    JADE    BOX 


EXCESS  ENERGY? 

Under  the  active  leadership  of  Mrs. 
Francelia  Steelquist,  group  worker  at  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  the  various  clubs 
of  the  Girl  Reserve  unit  presented  a  pro- 
gram of  skits,  music,  and  movies  of  Gold 
Hollow  camp  on  "Parents'  Night,"  Feb. 
19. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  bear  constantly  in 
mind  the  fact  that  these  Girl  Reserves 
will  constitute  the  womanhood  of  to- 
morrow. Wholesome  activities,  guidance 
to  clear  thinking  of  adolescent  problems, 
and  healthy  camp  life  are  what  the  Y.  W. 
C.  A.  has  to  offer  our  young  Chinese 
lassies.  Mothers,  in  this  overpopulated 
community  of  ours,  your  children  need 
the  recreation  and  relaxation  offered  by 
our  various  social  centers.  Set  aside  one 
night  each  week  where  little  Ah  Oy  may 
be  excused  from  her  household  tasks, 
from  "minding  little  brother,"  that  she 
may  be  given  a  chance  to  play  and  re- 
lax. 


WINS  HIGHEST  HONORS 

Possessing  a  keen,  alert,  intelligent 
mind,  Miss  Daisy  K.  Wong  is  truly  a 
credit  to  the  second  generation  women  of 
the  Chinese  community  of  San  Francisco. 
Actively  working  with  the  women's  com- 
mittee of  the  China  War  Relief  Associa- 
tion of  America,  a  member  of  the  public 
affairs  committee  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A., 
and  a  staff  member  of  the  Oriental 
branch  of  the  Bank  of  America,  Miss 


Lady  P'ing  Yu 

Wong,  like  all  modest  and  unassuming 
people,  dislikes  publicity.  However,  our 
Jade  Box  must  needs  include  this  an- 
nouncement in  its  collection  of  gems: 

Miss  Wong  is  the  first  Chinese  woman 
to  be  admitted  to  Hypatians,  the  banking 
women's  club.  On  Feb.  7  she  was 
awarded  first  prize  for  the  best  talks  pre- 
sented by  one  individual  member  during 
the  entire  year. 

o 

COURAGE  TO  SPEAK 

The  ladies  lead  again!  Out  of  a  group 
of  over  200  attending  a  lecture  at  Paul 
Elder's  gallery  Saturday,  Feb.  12, 1  could 
only  espy  five  gentlemen.  An  eminent 
writer  and  lecturer,  Dr.  James  A.  B. 
Scherer  spoke  to  a  very  attentive  audi- 
ence. The  lecture  was  an  inspiring  and 
significant  background  for  his  book,  "Ja- 
pan Defies  the  World."  Significant  is  the 
fact  that  even  Dr.  Scherer,  having  lived 
and  studied  with  the  Japanese  people, 
felt  it  necessary  to  say  that  Japan  has  no 
grounds  for  the  present  conflict  on  the 
Asiatic  continent,  that  it  is  but  the  "con- 
tinuation" of  the  program  of  conquest  laid 
down  by  ambitious  Hideyoshi,  father  of 
Japanese  imperialism,  in  the  year  1592. 

Despite  his  being  twice  decorated  by 
the  Japanese  government,  here  was  a  man 
who  took  his  moral  courage  in  hand  and 
said  in  conclusion:  "Whether  Japan  wins 
or  loses,  she  will  be  miserable.  If  she 
wins,  she  will  be  a  menace  to  the  world; 
if  she  loses,  there  will  be  certain  revolu- 
tion in  Japan." 


My,  fyaocute  RecifLZ 

JUMBO  SHRIMPS 
WITH  TOMATO  SAUCE 

In  every  young  woman's  life  there 
comes  a  time — yes  there  comes  a  time 
when  one  can  just  feel  a  lazy  streak  com- 
ing along.  Now,  the  idea  is  not  to  let 
the  editor  know;  but  I  must  be  getting 
spring  fever,  cuz  I  feel  like  doing  this 
time  a  real  short  recipe. 

We  shall  need  a  pound  of  New  Or- 
leans shrimp,  a  bottle  of  catsup,  a  bunch 
of  "gow  choy"  and  a  dash  of  curry, 
if  you  wish.  The  prawns  may  be  cooked 
with  or  without  the  shell. 

The  "gow  choy,"  should  be  cut  in  two- 
inch  lengths.  Adding  a  dash  of  salt, 
cook  "gow  choy"  with  a  small  amount  of 
peanut  oil  in  a  frying  pan.  Add  more  oil 
and  put  in  prawns,  turning  them  over 
constantly  with  bamboo  chop  sticks.  Sea- 
son to  taste.  When  done,  add  one-half 
bottle  catsup  and  "gow  choy."  Pawns  are 
ready  to  be  served  when  catsup  is  heated. 

I  sincerely  feel  guilty  leaving  you  so 
abruptly,  but  if  I  linger  much  longer, 
I'm  afraid  that  spring  fever  will  really 
catch  up  with  me — so — Too-aloo;  so  long 
— good-by. 

Oh!  By  the  by,  in  case  you  wish  to 
serve  the  prawns  "a-la-nude,"  first  shell 
them,  then  run  a  sparing  knife  length- 
wise across  the  back  of  the  shrimps  and 
remove  all  traces  of  black  sand  deposited 
there. 


Truck  Gardening  and  Groceries 

In  1900  the  Chinese  embarked  on  a 
new  era  with  the  establishment  of  the 
first  modern  grocery  store  which  boasted 
of  up-to-date  facilities,  with  ice  boxes 
and  modern  architectural  fronts.  How- 
ever, today  there  are  still  vestiges  of 
the  old  groceries.  If  one  browses  around 
the  old  district  from  south  Main  to  two 
or  three  streets  paralleling  it  one  will 
see  crumpling  adobe  walls  of  former 
stores  with  their  signs  still  legible  after 
the  ravages  of  years. 

These  old  groceries  grew  from  the 
needs  of  early  Chinese  trucksters  or  farm- 
ers to  provide  a  market  for  their  produce. 
In  1878  the  first  Chinese  truck  garden 
came  into  being  when  one  Low  Tai  You 
started  growing  vegetables  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Santa  Cruz  river.  By  1885 
the  Silver  Lake  district  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Santa  Cruz  river  was  dotted  with 
Chinese   truck   gardens.      The   Chinese 


rented,  leased,  or  perhaps  "squatted"  the 
land  they  irrigated.  Therefore  there  are 
no  records  of  Chinese  names  who  settled 
in  this  area,  and  it  is  hard  to  point  out 
the  exact  geographical  plot  of  their  farms. 
They  raised  the  common  vegetables  and 
brought  their  products  on  their  horse  and 
buggy  and  sold  them  to  friends  and 
relatives.  Later  some  of  these  farmers, 
after  reaping  small  fortunes  from  truck 
gardening,  sailed  for  their  homeland  or 
else  sent  for  the  rest  of  their  families 
or  went  into  partnership  with  relatives 
or,  finally,  established  their  own  grocery 
stores. 

Up  until  1900  the  Chinese  truck  gar- 
dens in  Silver  Lake  were  the  only  source 
which  supplied  the  populace  with  fresh 
vegetables.  The  later  draining  of  the 
district  drove  the  Chinese  to  other  busi- 
nesses. Now  this  region  is  nothing  but 
a  bed  of  sand. 


Early  Stores 

The  early  stores  were  constructed  out 
of  adobe,  earth  floor,  no  window  display, 
few  counters,  cash  registers  under  the 
counters,  hay  barns,  and  front  boarded 
at  night.  They  were  poorly  supplied  with 
stocks  and  had  mostly  beans,  flour,  chile, 
lard,  a  few  canned  goods,  and  wash  tubs. 
They  were  typical  country  stores  set  in 
districts  populated  with  Papago  Indians 
or  Mexicans.  In  early  days  the  cuitomers 
did  not  have  ready  cash  as  a  medium 
of  exchange  and  gold  dust  was  used. 
Many  of  the  Chinese  grocers  did  not 
know  either  the  Mexican,  Indian,  or 
English  language  at  first,  but  readily 
learned  how  to  quote  prices  and  give 
out  the  right  change.  In  the  Indian 
district  it  was  a  familiar  sight  to  see 
the  natives  make  themselves  at  home 
in  the  stores  by  squatting  on  the  earth 
floor  or  by  the  door  all  day  long. 
(To  be  concluded  next  month) 


nraUi 


Pogc    10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Morch,   1938 


Economic  Boycott  as  an  Instrument  of  the  People's  Policy 


Lim  P.  Lee 


In  Aug.,  1928,  the  ambassadors  of  the 
great  powers  assembled  at  Paris  and  re- 
nounced war  as  an  instrument  of  national 
policy  and  solemnly  promised  henceforth 
to  resort  to  pacific  means  to  solve  inter- 
national difficulties.  Subsequently  every 
civilized  nation  adhered  to  the  Kellogg 
anti-war  treaty,  but  hardly  had  the  ink 
been  dried  when  nations  repudiated  their 
promise  and  once  more  resorted  to  war 
as  an  instrument  of  their  national  policy. 
The  common  people  of  the  world,  re- 
alizing that  peace  cannot  be  secured  by 
treaties  and  peace  conferences  started  the 
economic  boycott  against  aggressor  na- 
tions as  an  instrument  of  the  people's 
policy. 

The  leaders  and  sponsors  of  the  present 
American  "Boycott  Japan"  movement 
read  like  a  Who's  Who;  however,  the 
real  strength  and  hope  of  the  movement 
lies  with  the  consuming  public.  Never 
before  have  the  common  people  of  a 
democratic  nation  taken  an  issue  so  ser- 
iously as  the  Japanese  invasion  in  China, 
trying  to  cripple  an  aggressor  by  boycott- 
ing Japanese-made  goods.  Liberal  states- 
men, organized  labor,  large  chain  stores, 
intellectuals,  and  educational  leaders  have 
given  their  support  to  the  boycott  and 
the  momentum  is  gaining  every  day. 
For  the  first  time  in  history  the  economic 
boycott  is  used  by  a  friendly  nation  on 
a  large  scale  to  curb  an  outlaw  of  world 
peace. 

First   Efforts 

The  American  Friends  of  the  Chinese 
People  and  the  American  League  for 
Peace  and  Democracy  were  among  the 
first  organizations  of  American  people 
to  foster  the  economic  boycott  of  Japa- 
nese goods  in  the  United  States.  Their 
opening  gun  was  fired  at  Madison  Square 
Garden,  New  York  City,  on  Oct.  1,  1937. 
Notables  such  as  Miss  Luis  Rainer,  screen 
star,  Dr.  Harry  F.  Ward,  Rabbi  Stephen 
S.  Wise,  and  Dr.  William  E.  Dodd,  ex- 
ambassador  to  Germany,  were  sponsors 
of  the  movement.  Ambassador  Dodd 
was  to  deliver  the  main  speech  of  the 
meeting  but  the  state  department  refused 
him  permission  at  the  last  minute.  Sim- 
ilar  meetings    were    held    by    the    same 


Mesh  &  Chiffon  Lisle 

Stockings 

85c  &  $1-00 

Sold  at 
1308  Stockton  St. 

j 


BOYCOTT  SILK 
STOCKINGS! 

"The  reaction  of  American  wom- 
en toward  boycotting  silk  stockings 
might  .  .  .  exert  a  powerful,  brak- 
ing influence  upon  existing  Japa- 
nese policies  which  threaten  event- 
ually to  plunge  the  world  into  war. 

"It  is  pertinent  to  note  the  fol- 
lowing relationship  between  the  in- 
dividual purchase  of  silk  hosiery 
and  the  flow  of  foreign  exchange 
into  bullets  and  bombs  in  Japan: 

"Every  pair  of  silk  stockings  an 
American  women  buys  provides 
Japan  with  enough  exchange  for 
four  new  rounds  for  a  machine 
gun;  when  a  group  of  women  have 
bought  ten  dozen  pairs,  they  have 
given  Japan  the  means  to  make 
another  aerial  bomb." — Livingston 
Hartley,  in  the  Christian  Science 
Monitor. 


organizations  in  Chicago,   Los   Angeles, 
and  San  Francisco. 

Organized  Labor  Efforts 
At  the  invitation  of  the  British  Trade 
Union  congress  the  American  labor 
movement  joined  in  the  international  la- 
bor movement  to  boycott  Japanese  goods. 
The  American  Federation  of  Labor  at 
its  Denver  convention  held  last  October 
passed  a  boycott  Japanese  goods  resolu- 
tion. A  similar  resolution  was  passed 
by  the  Committee  for  Industrial  Organi- 
zation a  week  later  at  their  Atlantic  City 
meeting.  With  national  A.  F.  L.  or  C. 
I.  O.  endorsement,  state  and  local  labor 
councils  have  formed  boycott  committees 
to  function  in  their  own  localities.  For 
example,  a  boycott  conference  was  held 
in  San  Francisco  last  November  and  at- 
tended by  A.  F.  L.  and  C.  I.  O.  unions. 
Out  of  this  conference  a  United  Com- 
mittee for  Boycott  of  Japanese  Goods 
was  formed.  This  committee  has  held 
weekly  meetings  since  its  inception  and 
has  visited  downtown  department  stores 
and  neighborhood  merchants  in  an  effort 
to  eliminate  Japanese  goods  from  the 
consuming  public.  Other  labor  bodies 
in  the  various  cities  and  localities  have 
taken  similar  action,  the  most  spectacular 
being  a  rally  to  burn  Japanese  goods 
held  at  East  Livermore,  Ohio,  at  which 
President  William  Green  of  the  A.  F.  L. 
attended  in  person.  Mr.  Green  urged 
all  members  of  the  A.  F.  L.,  their  fami- 


lies, and  friends  to  continue  to  boycott 
Japanese  goods  and  urged  the  formation 
of  local  boycott  committees  to  call  on 
their  local  merchants  to  request  them 
not  to  handle  Japanese  goods.  Homer 
Martin,  president  of  the  United  Auto- 
mobile Workers  of  America,  has  strongly- 
urged  the  boycott  of  Japanese  goods  in 
all  the  locals  of  the  C.  I.  O.  around 
the   Detroit  area. 

A    Declaration    of    Principles 

On  Dec.  3,  1937,  Professor  John 
Dewey  released  to  the  world  a  joint 
declaration  of  principles  favoring  the 
economic  boycott  as  an  instrument  of 
the  people's  policy.  (See  statement  else- 
where on  this  page.) 

Dr.  Dewey's  joint  statement  was  the 
result  of  telegraphic  communication  with 
Professor  Albert  Einstein  in  Princeton, 
N.  J.,  Mr.  Bertrand  Russell  in  England, 
and  Mr.  Romain  Rolland  in  Switzerland. 
This  statement  subscribed  to  by  four  of 
the  world's  eminent  philosophers  made 
a  tremendous  impression  among  the 
peoples  of  the   world. 

A  Pacifist  Senator   Speaks 

U.  S.  Senator  George  Norris  of  Ne- 
braska, the  only  living  member  of  the 
senate  who  opposed  the  entry  of  the 
United  States  in  the  World  War,  has 
always  been  a  peace  advocate  and  a 
fighter  for  the  rights  of  the  common  man. 
(Continued  on  p.  19,  col  2) 


PHILOSOPHERS  ADVOCATE 
VOLUNTARY  BOYCOTT 

The  following  joint  statement 
was  issued  to  the  world  press  Dec. 
13,  1937. 

In  view  of  the  wanton  destruc- 
tion of  Oriental  civilization  and  for 
the  sake  of  humanity,  peace,  and 
democracy,  we  propose  that  the 
peoples  of  all  countries  organize 
voluntary  boycott  against  Japa- 
nese goods,  refuse  to  sell  and  load 
war  materials  to  Japan,  and  cease 
cooperation  with  Japan  in  ways 
that  help  her  aggressive  policy, 
while  giving  China  every  possible 
help  for  relief  and  self-defense  un- 
til Japan  has  evacuated  all  her 
forces  from  China  and  abandoned 
her  policy  of  conquest. 

(Signed)  John  Dewey. 

Albert  Einstein. 

Bertrand  Russell. 

Romain  Rolland. 


Morch,   1938 


CHINESE     D IGEST 


Page    11 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINATOWN  BEAUTIFICATION 
COMMITTEE  DRAFTS  PROGRAM 

San  Francisco  —  Simultaneously  with 
the  publication  of  an  editorial  in  the 
February  issue  of  the  Chinese  Digest 
calling  for  community  action  to  beautify 
Chinatown  for  the  International  exposi- 
tion in  1939,  a  Chinatown  committee  for 
this  very  purpose  was  selected  and  held 
its  first  meeting  in  the  city  supervisors' 
chamber  last  month. 

Headed  by  T.  Y.  Tang,  executive  sec- 
retary of  the  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  an  1 1- 
point  program  of  action  was  adopted. 
When  put  into  effect,  this  program  would 
bring  forth  a  reniassance  of  beauty  and 
native  architectural  designs  making  this 
again  the  largest  and  most  colorful  Chi- 
nese community  in  America.  The  11- 
point  program  includes: 

1.  Repainting  of  all  street  lamps  on 
Grant  avenue; 

2.  Creation  of  all-Chinese  store  fronts 
wherever  possible; 

3.  Elaborate  Oriental  window  displays 
during  exposition  year; 

4.  Special  lighting  effects  in  Chinatown 
stores; 

5.  Cleanup  of  streets  and  vacant  lots; 

6.  Working  for  the  change  of  St. 
Mary's  square  into  a  Chinese  garden; 

7.  More  use  of  Chinese  lanterns  for 
exterior  decorations; 

8.  Cleaning  and  repainting  of  organiza- 
tion buildings; 

9.  Urging  all  salespeople  in  stores  to 


wear   native   costumes,   especially   during 
the  Exposition; 

10.  Creation  of  souvenirs:  post  office 
stamps  in  Chinese,  telegraphic  messages 
in  English  and  Chinese,  telephone  call 
souvenirs,  etc.; 

11.  An  educational  program  extending 
through  clubs  and  schools. 

Another  point  was  added  later  to  the 
program.  This  called  for  the  creation 
of  a  Chinese  gateway  at  the  entrance 
to  Chinatown. 

Both  the  Chinese  Six  Companies  and 
the  Chinese  chamber  of  commerce  will 
work  for  the  fulfillment  of  this  program. 

The  S.  F.  News,  in  an  editorial  com- 
menting on  the  11 -point  program,  said 
that  it  was  "so  comprehensive  and  specific 
that  it  puts  some  other  districts  to  shame. 
This  is  .  .  .  one  sign  of  a  rebirth  in 
Chinatown  that  should  delight  lovers  of 
S.  F.'s  most  famous  foreign  quarter." 
The  editorial  concluded  with  "Reports 
that  have  appeared  from  time  to  time 
in  recent  years  that  Chinatown  in  its 
traditional  and  purely  Chinese  aspects 
was  doomed  are  now  seen  to  have  been 
decidedly  premature." 

(Picture  of  Chinatown  committee 
members  on  p.  12) 


Hollywood. — Anna  May  Wong  has 
been  elected  to  the  Exclusive  Board  of 
the  Motion  Picture  Artists'  Committee. 
Miss  Wong  is  contemplating  a  benefit  af- 
fair to  raise  relief  funds  for  refugees 
in  war-torn  China. 


SINO-JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Continued  from  p.  5) 
February  2 — Japanese  forces  again  on 
the    move    toward    Suchow    after    being 
held  at  a  standstill  for  a  month  by  Chi- 
nese troops. 

The  Japanese  dominated  "provisional 
government  of  the  Republic  of  China"  at 
Peiping  announces  the  abolition  of  the 
bogus  East  Hopei  Autonomous  govern- 
ment which  was  established  in  1935  under 
Japanese  auspices. 

February  3  —  Chinese  sources  from 
Amoy  report  that  the  blockading  naval 
commanders  have  informed  authorities 
there  that  unless  the  city  is  surrendered  it 
will  be  bombed. 

February  5 — The  capture  of  Pengpu  by 
Japanese  forces  the  Chinese  troops  to  re- 
treat 30  miles  north  for  a  renewed  de- 
fense of  the  180-mile-wide  corridor  along 
the  Langhai  railway. 


February  6 — Japanese  planes  bomb  the 
Boca  Tigris  forts  in  the  delta  of  the 
Pearl  river  below  Canton.  Japanese  ma- 
rines land  on  Tongkawan  under  cover  of 
artillery  fire  from  five  Japanese  warships. 

February  11 — Japanese  sources  report 
that  Lt.  Rhohei  Ushioda,  the  Japanese 
navy's  outstanding  ace,  was  killed  at 
Nanchang  Jan.  7  after  his  plane  was  shot 
down.  He  was  credited  with  shooting  five 
Chinese  planes  before  he  was  killed. 

February  14  —  Chinese  guerillas  at- 
tack Japanese  forces  on  three  fronts:  on 
the  Peiping-Hankow  railway,  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  Tientsin-Nanking  railway, 
and  the  Hwai  river  on  the  central  front, 
tearing  up  tracks,  and  removing  miles  of 
telephone  and  telegraph  wires. 

February  16 — Two  Japanese  armies, 
powerfully  mechanized,  move  for  a  a  re- 
newed attempt  to  trap  the  400,000  Chi- 
nese troops  defending  the  vital  Lunghai 
Railway  sector. 


OUR  LETTER  BOX 

"We  wish  to  congratulate  you 
on  the  excellence  of  your  publica- 
tion.  .  .  . 

"You  are  doing  an  important 
work  and  are  doing  it  well.  Your 
two  series  on  Culture  and  Sociolog- 
ical Data  are  especially  worthy  of 
praise." — William  Lee,  Editor  Ha- 
waiian Chinese  Journal. 


".  .  .  Since  I  have  been  in  the 
Consulate  General  in  New  York, 
I  have  had  the  privilege  of  reading 
your  paper,  and  I  must  say  that  it 
is  most  refreshing. 

"I  believe  that  you  have  started 
something  valuable  and  worth 
while  and  I  hope  that  you  will  con- 
tinue the  good  work  so  well  begun. 
Let  me  take  this  opportunity  to  con- 
gratulate you  on  your  endeavor, 
with  sincere  hopes  for  its  further 
success." — N.  S.  Cheng,  Chinese 
Consulate  General,  New  York 
City. 


"May  I  also  add  my  congratu- 
lations upon  your  exceptionally 
well-edited  and  well-published  mag- 
azine? It  is  a  credit  to  China- 
town, to  your  people,  and  to  you." 
—  William  H.  McCarthy,  Post- 
master, San  Francisco,  Calif. 


"Two  copies  of  your  magazine 
have  just  come  into  my  hands,  and 
unhesitatingly  I  have  perused  them 
from  cover  to  cover.  It  is  an  ex- 
tremely interesting  get-together  of 
some  rather  vital  material,  and  the 
magazine  should  go  far  as  time 
goes  on.  My  best  wishes  for  suc- 
cess to  you. 

"The  standard  of  typography  is 
so  high  class  any  writer  should  be 
touched  with  pride  to  see  his  work 
included  among  the  contents." — 
M.  Sing  Au,  Honolulu  Star- 
Bulletin. 


".  .  .  your  review,  "Chinese  Di- 
gest," ...  we  have  perused  with 
the  greatest  interest.  We  think  you 
are  doing  a  very  useful  work  in 
America  and  we  are  very  desirous 
of  promoting  and  encouraging  it. 
With  best  wishes  for  success,  I  am, 
T.  Hu,  Director  Bibliotheque  Sino- 
ilnternationale,  Geneva. 


Poge   12 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


CHINATOWNIA 


March,  1938 


NEWS  OF  THE  MONTH  IN  PICTURES 

(1)  The  members  of  the  Chinese  division  of  the  Citizen's  City  Beautiful  committee  which  is  attempting  to  beautify  San  Francisco  in  readi- 
ness for  the  coming  International  Exposition  in  1939.  This  picture  was  taken  in  the  Supervisors'  Chamber.  It  was  the  first  time  a  meeting  of 
Chinese  was  held  there  and  our  photographer,  Wallace  Fong,  was  on  hand  to  record  the  occasion  on  film.  The  eight  members  of  the  Chinese 
division  and  others  are,  from  left  to  right:  Robert  Park,  Lee  Lup  Sang,  Kenneth  Lee,  Annie  Chin,  T.  Y.  Tang,  Supervisor  Adolph  Schmidt,  choir- 
man  of  the  general  committee,  P.  C.  Quock,  W.  J.  Weigall,  Florence  Wong,  Albert  Chow,  Robert  Lee,  and  Mr.  Lam.  The  Chinese  calli- 
graphy,  roughly   translated,   says  "The  Chinatown    Beautification    committee."    (See  details  elsewhere  in  this  issue.) 

(2)  Mrs.  H.  C.  Mei,  Hawaiian-born  president  of  the  Shanghai  Chinese  Women's  association,  pictured  while  delivering  on  informal  talk 
before  a  benefit  tea  arranged  by  the  newly-formed  S.  F.  branch  of  the  American  Friends  of  the  Chinese  People.  (Details  elsewhere  in  this 
issue.) 

(3)  The  traditional  lion  dance  which  occurs  every  Chinese  New  Year  in  Chinatown  did  not  do  so  this  year  because  of  "national  crisis,"  as 
Chinatownians  refer  to  the  present  Sino-Japanese  war.  Instead  the  lion  reposed  serenely  in  the  chamber  of  the  Chinese  Six  Companies,  and 
Chinatown's  citizens,  who  yearly  donate  sums  to  the  lion  to  be  turned  over  to  the  Chinese  hospital,  this  year  donated  them  for  war  refugee 
relief.  The  picture  shows  a  line  of  Chinatownians  throwing  their  special  offerings  into  the  lion's  mouth.  This  occasion  was  also  recorded  by 
newsreel  cameramen  of  the   Paramount,  Universal,  Fox  Movietone,  and  two  other  companies. 

(4)  Bishop  Paul  Yu-Pin,  Catholic  Bishop  of  Nanking,  snapped  on  the  ferry  on  his  arrival  to  San  Francisco  last  month  after  a  cross-country 
tour  of  the  U.  S.  to  raise  funds  for  refugee  relief  and  to  speak  among  Americans  in  behalf  of  China.  With  the  Bishop  in  this  picture  are 
four  girls  of  the  St.  Mary's  Chinese  Mission.  They  are,  from  left  to  right:  Helen  Jow,  Bernice  Poon,  Virginia  Wong  and  Anna  Chu.  (De- 
tails elsewhere  in  this  issue.) 


ART  CLUB  TO  HOLD  PAINTING 
AND  PHOTOGRAPHY  EXHIBITS 

New  York  —  The  Chinese  Art  club 
here  will  hold  its  third  annual  exhibit  of 
paintings  and  sculpture  at  the  club's  gal- 
lery, 175  Canal  street,  beginning  March 
1  and  extending  through  March  25. 

The  exhibit  will  include  works  by  Miss 
Yee  Ching-Chih,  Jack  Chen,  Chu  H.  Jor, 
Kailuen  Eng,  Moowee  Tiam,  Tschai  Len- 
zene,  Howard  Low,  and  others.    Guest 


exhibitors  will  include  Neysa  McNein, 
Oronzio  Maladrelli,  Guy  Maccoy,  Di- 
mitri  Romanovesky,  and  others. 

Beginning  April  1  and  extending 
through  April  15  the  Chinese  Art  club 
will  hold  its  second  photographic  salon. 
Prints  for  showing  may  be  submitted  by 
any  Chinese  in  any  part  of  the  country, 
and  may  be  of  any  size,  but  must  be 
mounted.  Submission  of  prints  must  be 
made  on  or  before  March  25,  announced 


W.  Yukon,  in  charge  of  this  exhibit.  All 
pictures  submitted  will  be  returned  in 
their  orginial  wrappings  to  the  senders 
after  the  close  of  the  exhibition. 


Honolulu,  T.  H. — The  Chinese  popu- 
lation in  Hawaii  increased  by  162  per- 
sons last  year,  according  to  figures  re- 
leased by  the  territorial  board  of  health. 
In  1936  the  Chinese  population  was  27,- 
495,  but  in  1937  it  increased  to  27,657. 


March,  1938 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHUNG  MEI  HOME 
NOW  HAS  GATEWAY 

El  Cerrito,  Calif. — A  gateway,  of  Chi- 
nese design,  with  curved  tile  roof,  the 
name  of  the  home  in  both  Chinese  and 
English,  standing  foursquare  at  the  ap- 
proach to  this  institution  for  Chinese 
boys,  is  the  newest  addition  to  the  Chung 
Mei  home  here.  The  gate  is  named  the 
Donaldina  Cameron  gate  in  honor  of  the 
woman  who  founded  the  Presbyterian 
Mission  home  for  girls  in  S.  F.  China- 
town and  whose  career  has  been  re- 
counted in  a  book  called  "Chinatown 
Quest." 

The  gate  construction  cost  over  $400, 
according  to  Dr.  Charles  R.  Shepherd, 
superintendent  of  the  home.  This  sum 
was  made  up  of  large  numbers  of  small 
gifts  from  friends  of  Donaldina  Cam- 
eron. Dr.  Shepherd  conceived  the  idea 
of  the  gate,  but  the  design  was  made  by 
James  H.  Anderson,  a  Berkeley  archi- 
tect. It  was  completed  and  dedicated 
several  months  ago. 

The  Cung  Mei  home  for  Chinese  boys 
was  founded  15  years  ago  in  Berkeley. 
When  the  first  building  became  too  small 
to  house  the  scores  of  boys  entrusted  to 
the  home  (although  it  was  twice  en- 
larged) ,  the  present  one  was  built  several 
years  ago,  set  amidst  suburban  surround- 
ings. When  the  home  was  started  in  1923 
there  were  20  boys;  now  there  are  78  and 
8  more  on  the  waiting  list.  It  has  eight 
staff  members,  equally  divided  between 
Chinese  and  American.  Four  of  the  staff, 
three  Americans  and  one  Chinese,  act  as 
"Group  Mothers"  (a  title  coined  by  Dr. 
Shepherd  to  take  the  place  of  "Matron." 
The  latter  term  "sounds  too  institutional," 
said  the  superintendent)  to  the  boys. 

Chung  Mei's  boys  all  attend  public 
schools  in  Richmond.  In  the  home  they 
have  their  football,  basketball,  and  tennis 
teams,  and  expect  to  have  a  baseball 
squad  this  year.  They  also  go  hiking 
and  do  landscape  gardening. 


BISHOP  OF  NANKING  DECLARES 
CHINA  NON-COMMUNISTIC 

San  Francisco — China  is  not  Commu- 
nist and  is  not  pro-Communist.  It  is  a  lie 
to  say  China  is  Communistic.  Japan  is 
only  using  Communism  as  an  excuse  to 
attack  China. 

Japan  has  attacked  the  government  of 
all  the  Chinese  people  and  not  just  Chiang 
Kai-Shek. 

We  are  sure  of  our  victory  in  China. 
Japan  will  continue  to  advance;  Japan 
would  like  to  have  domination,  but  it  can- 
not be  permanent.  China  will  continue 
to  retreat  and  to  reorganize.  The  Japa- 
nese will  be  trapped  and  exhausted  in  the 
interior  of  China. 

It  is  a  lie  to  say  that  the  Holy  Father 
(Pope  Pius  XI)  favors  Japan.  As  the 
Common  Father  of  all  peoples  he  cannot 
take  a  position  in  an  international  con- 
flict. 

These  are  some  of  the  statements  ex- 
pressed by  the  Most  Reverend  Dr.  Paul 
Yu-Pin,  Catholic  Bishop  of  Nanking, 
when  he  visited  this  city  last  month. 
After  a  tour  of  the  country  in  behalf  of 
the  Chinese  Catholic  War  Relief  associa- 
tion, Bishop  Yu-Pin  stopped  here  for 
several  days  and  made  a  number  of  talks. 
The  Vicar  Apostolic  of  Nanking  has 
made  a  trip  around  the  world  since  leav- 
ing his  country  several  months  ago.  He 
flew  from  China  to  Europe  where  he  used 
his  influence  to  interest  prominent  peo- 
ple in  educational  and  political  circles  in 
behalf  of  China's  cause.  The  38-year-old 
first  modern  Bishop  of  Nanking  received 
his  higher  education  in  Rome,  taught  at 
the  Urban  College  of  Propaganda  there 
for  several  years  and  had  numerous 
friends  throughout  Europe. 

While  here  Bishop  Yu-Pin  spoke  at 
length  of  his  recent  work  in  Europe  in 
behalf  of  suffering  China  at  a  mass  meet- 
ing called  under  the  auspices  of  the 
China  War  Relief  association.  He  also 
preached  a  sermon  at  St.  Mary's  cathe- 
dral in  which  he  touched  on  the  work  of 
the  Catholic  church  in  China.  A  dinner 
was  given  in  his  honor  by  the  Chinese 
Catholic  Mission  society  in  which  promi- 
nent members  of  the  community  were 
guests. 

Bishop  Yu  will  return  to  China  shortly, 
but  will  not  go  to  Nanking,  his  diocese, 
since  it  has  been  occupied  by  the  Japa- 
nese. He  will  work  elsewhere  directing 
refugee  relief. 

(Picture  of  Bishop  Yu-Pin  on  page  12.) 


STUDENTS  PRESENT 
BENEFIT  PLAY 

Chicago — Two  performances  of  a  bene- 
fit play  sponsored  by  the  Chinese  Stu- 
dents of  Chicago  were  held  here  recently 
which  netted  U.  S.  $1,300  for  wir  re- 
lief. The  play,  an  original  drama  written 
and  directed  by  Kenneth  E.  Foster,  was 
entitled  "Flower  of  the  Han  Palace." 
The  play  had  an  all-Chinese  cast  of  40 
and  was  staged  at  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago's International  House. — B.  M. 


FRESNO  CHINESE  TO 
HAVE  NEW  CHURCHES 

Fresno — The  Chinese  community  here 
will  soon  see  two  new  churches  in  their 
midst.  A  Catholic  mission,  of  brick  con- 
struction, is  nearing  completion  at  the 
corner  of  Tulare  and  C  streets.  The  Chi- 
nese Baptist  mission,  long  under  the  guid- 
ance of  the  Misses  Amy  Purcell  and  Ruth 
Nelson,  are  completing  plans  for  a  new 
mission  building  to  be  constructed  soon. 
— A.  L. 


SELLING  NECKTIES 
FOR  RELIEF 

Honolulu — By  the  sale  of  2,400  black 
and  white  neckties  at  50  cents  each,  the 
China  Relief  association  here  easily  real- 
ized $1,200  for  war  relief.  The  ties  were 
inscribed  with  four  Chinese  characters 
translated  as  "Save  the  nation,  relieve 
the  people." 

o 

An  old  Chinaman  in  Shanghai  re- 
marked to  Lieutenant  Whitson  of  the 
American  navy,  "Japanese  kill  50  Chi- 
nese, Chinese  kill  one  Japanese.  After 
while  all  Japanese  be  dead." 


DANCERS  WANTED 

Talented  female  dancers  want- 
ed to  assist  in  teaching  ball- 
room dancing.  Round  trip,  hotel 
accommodation,  and  salary  in- 
cluded. Dress  designer  and 
maker  also  wanted.  Write  for 
complete  information. 

MILO    LUM 

School  of  Dancing 

7  Hawaii  Bldg.  Honolulu,  Hawaii 


r  ~s  y 


Page   14 


CHINESE     D IGEST 


Morch,   1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


Lawrence  Wong 

"HEAP  GOOD 
NUMBER  1  COOK": 
LAWRENCE  WONG 

San  Francisco — For  many  years  now 
it  has  been  evident  that  the  younger 
Chinese  in  America  have  been  deserting 
in  wholesale  numbers  from  the  ranks  of 
an  honorable  though  humble  calling 
which  had  been  the  basis  of  many  fam- 
ilies' wealth  and  fortune.  This  trade  is 
that  of  being  cooks.  The  second  genera- 
tion, most  of  them  city-bred  and  with  at 
least  a  high  school  education,  looked  with 
disfavor  at  such  a  menial  calling  and  seek 
non-manual  trades. 

But  now  comes  a  San  Francisco  youth 
who  has  reverted  to  this  calling  of  the 
old-time  Chinese.  And  he  went  to  col- 
lege to  learn  it. 

Lawrence  Wong,  however,  is  no  ordi- 
nary cook  such  as  many  of  the  old-time 
Chinese  are.  He  is  trained  in  a  scien- 
tific fashion  to  serve  whole  schools,  do- 
ing it  with  mathematical  precision,  with 
a  knowledge  of  vitamins  and  calories 
and  menu  variety.  Lawrence  has  learned 
things  about  the  fine  art  of  cuisine  which 
the  Chinese  cooks  of  old  never  dreamed 
about. 

Briefly,  Lawrence  Wong  graduated  last 
year  from  the  newly  created  Hotel  divi- 
sion of  the  S.  F.  junior  college.  He  was 
the  first  graduate  of  this  class,  and  the 
only  one  because  the  17  others  who  en- 
rolled with  him  never  finished  the  course. 
Lawrence  put  in  three  and  a  half  years 


at  the  junior  college  and  during  whole 
semesters  he  had  to  put  in  nine  hours 
"studies"  each  day. 

An  idea  of  this  Hotel  division  course 
may  be  gathered  from  the  following. 
When  the  chef -instructor  at  the  school 
was  absent  last  summer,  Lawrence  was 
selected  to  take  complete  charge  of  the 
college  dining  room  kitchen  for  a  month. 
The  dining  room  at  that  time  had  a  $400 
a  day  business.  Lawrence  prepared  the 
menus,  purchased  the  food,  supervised 
the  cooking,  and  took  care  of  the  ac- 
counting work  for  1800  students.  He 
maintained  a  favorable  food  percentage 
and  instructed  the  primary  students  in 
the  kitchen.  Lawrence's  practical  exper- 
ience also  includes  two  summer's  work  at 
Stanford  university  union  dining  halls, 
where  he  was  meat  cook,  waiter,  store- 
room   keeper,   and   ice-cream   maker. 

Right  after  his  graduation  Lawrence 
was  hired  by  the  junior  college  to  be 
assistant  to  the  coordinator  of  the  Hotel 
division.  Several  local  hotels  have  of- 
fered him  positions  but  Lawrence  is  stick- 
ing to  his  present  job  until  he  is  tho- 
rougly  experienced  in  this  field. 

Lawrence  it  only  21  years  old.  Born 
in  San  Francisco,  he  went  to  China  at 
two  years  of  age,  came  back  at  four, 
and  had  his  grammar  and  high  school 
education  in  Los  Angeles.  He  knows 
his  Chinese,  too,  and  hopes  to  go  into 
the  catering  business  in  China  some  day. 
He  intends  to  take  a  post-graduate 
course  in  Cornell  university,  the  insti- 
tution which  started  the  Hotel  service 
courses. 


ROBERT  HAW  CHOSEN 
HEAD  OF  STUDENT  BODY 

Fresno,  Calif.— When  the  members  of 
the  Edison  Technical  high  school  stu 
dent  association  held  their  election  re- 
cently, they  chose  Robert  Haw  as  their 
president.  Now  Fresno's  Chinese  are 
pointing  a  finger  of  pride  at  Robert  be- 
cause he  is  the  first  Chinese  ever  elected 
as  Edison's  student  club  president. 

At  the  same  election  Henry  Wong  was 
chosen  treasurer. 

Both  Robert  and  Henry  are  keen  on 
athletics  and  both  play  on  their  school's 
varsity  basketball  team  as  first  string 
guards. 

Robert  Haw  is  the  son  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  G.  W.  Haw,  while  Henry  Wong's 
parents  are  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Wong, 
all  of  Fresno. — A.  L. 


HU  SHIH  BUYS  TUXEDO,  BUT 
TAILOR  REFUSED  PAYMENT 

San  Francisco  —  On  his  recent 
visit  here  Dr.  Hu  Shih,  famed 
Chinese  scholar,  placed  an  order 
for  a  tuxedo  at  the  tailoring  shop 
operated  by  Joe  Chan.  The  suit 
was  duly  made  and  met  with  Dr. 
Hu's  complete  satisfaction.  How- 
ever, when  Dr.  Hu  asked  for  the 
bill"  he  was  informed  that  it  was 
entirely  unnecessary  and  would  he 
do  tailor  Chan  the  honor  of  ac- 
cepting it  as  a  mark  of  the  latter's 
high  esteem?  Dr.  Hu  declared 
himself  unworthy  of  such  magnani- 
mous generosity.  He  insisted  on 
the  bill.  Tailor  Chan  insisted  that 
he  accept  it  as  a  gift. 

The  matter  became  important 
enough  to  merit  the  consideration 
of  the  community  tribunal^the 
Six  Companies.  With  a  wisdom 
worthy  of  the  magistrate  Pao 
Kung,  the  difficulty  was  resolved 
thus:  Dr.  Hu  was  to  pay  tailor 
Joe  Chan,  and  the  latter  was  to  ac- 
cept it,  then  turn  the  entire  sum 
over  to  the  China  War  Relief  as- 
sociation for  refugee  relief. 

And  thus  it  came  to  pass. 


FEDERATION  SPONSORS 
EDUCATIONAL  PROGRAM 

San  Francisco — In  an  effort  to  bring 
more  knowledge  and  information  on  the 
current  Sino-Japanese  conflict  to  its  mem- 
bers, the  Federation  of  Chinese  clubs 
will  conduct  a  series  of  educational  meet- 
ings, commencing  March  20.  On  that 
date  the  first  meeting  will  be  held  at  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  at  8    p.  m. 

Speakers  arranged  for  this  program 
will  be  Mrs.  Hua-Chuen  Mei,  leader  of 
China's  delegation  to  the  last  Pan-Pacific 
women's  conference  at  Vancouver  in 
1937,  and  Mr.  Victor  K.  Kwong,  chan- 
cellor at  the  Chinese  consulate  general 
here. 

The  F.  C.  C.  was  organized  last  Oc- 
tober by  30  youth  organizations  of  the 
Bay  area  and  has  raised  over  $3000  U.  S. 
money  for  relief  work  in  China.  Now 
realizing  that  one  of  its  missions  should 
be  education  among  the  second  genera- 
tion men  and  women,  the  F.  C.  C.  has 
launched  this  series  of  meetings  on  cur- 
rent Far  Eastern  events. 


March,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  15 


CHINATOWNIA 


HENRY  K.  WONG 

Tho  most  recent  addition  to  the  Bank 
of  Canton  staff  here  is  Henry  K.  Wong. 

"H.  K.,"  as  Henry  is  popularly  known, 
is  only  a  teller  now,  but  there  is  no  tell- 
ing how  far  he'll  go.  Despite  his  appar- 
ent youth,  H.  K.  is  a  capable,  industrious, 
energetic  and  resourceful  business  man, 
with  some  ten  years  of  experience  in  the 
business  world  already.  Most  of  that  ten 
years  was  spent  with  the  old  Wing  Lee 
company  on  Grant  avenue.  Not  long  ago 
he  went  into  the  Young  Kee  radio  shop 
and  since  that  time  he  got  rid  of  scores 
of  radios  that  had  been  gathering  dust  on 
the  shop's  shelves.  More  recently  his  com- 
mercial resourcefulness  enabled  him  to 
carry  through  to  a  successful  conclusion 
the  second  annual  Rice  Bowl  game.  He 
was  the  manager. 

H.  K.  is  reticent  about  his  age,  but  we 
did  gather  he  is  a  San  Francisco  boy 
and  got  to  the  junior  college  grade  in 
education.  Modest,  he  did  not  give  us  a 
picture  for  publication.  The  above,  how- 
ever, was  found  after  our  photographer 
made  a  long  search  in  his  film  morgue. 

To  his  own  generation  throughout  the 
Pacific  Coast,  H.  K.  is  no  stranger,  for  he 
is  known  from  San  Diego  to  Seattle.  To 
round  out  the  story,  it  should  be  noted 
that  H.  K.  is  the  ubiquitous  personality 
behind  the  "China to wnian  Roams 
Around"  monthly  column  in  this  journal. 
To  read  him  you  would  never  think  the 
writer  could  be  a  serious  business  man. 
Yet  he  is.  Writing  this  newsy  column  is 
his  most  enjoyable  hobby  next  to  tennis. 
We  know  our  readers  scan  his  column 
just  as  enjoyably,  too. 

Incidentally,  H.  K.  is  still  a  bachelor. 


CHINESE  LOCAL  OF 

I.  L.  G.  W.  U.  ORGANIZED 

San  Francisco — Collective  bargaining, 
1938  model,  entered  into  Chinatown's 
largest  industry — the  garment  factories 
— when  a  Chinese  local,  officered  by 
Chinese,  of  the  International  Ladies' 
Garment  Workers  union  was  organized 
here  recently.  The  80  charter  members 
who  made  this  organization  possible  are 
workers  in  a  garment  factory  which  em- 
ploys  more   than   200   employees. 

Miss  Jennie  Matyas,  organizer  of  the 
I.  L.  G.  W.  U.,  declared  that  this  Chi- 
nese local  was  the  first  step  to  organize 
all  garment  manufacturers  in  Chinatown, 
particularly  of  contractors  who  pay  only 
oh  a  piece-work  basis. 

(See  Chinese  Digest  for  July,  1937, 
pp.    14,    19.) 


PORTLAND  CHINESE  TO  DO 
"LADY  PRECIOUS  STREAM" 

Portland,  Ore. — The  distinction  of  be- 
ing the  first  Chinese  group  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  to  enact  S.  I.  Hsiung's  adaptation 
of  "Lady  Precious  Stream"  (Wang  Pao 
Chuan)  will  go  to  the  Oregon  Chinese 
Students  association  when  its  members 
put  on  this  play  here  on  April  1  and  2  at 
the  Benson  auditorium. 

Although  the  presentation  of  the  play 
will  be  by  the  O.  C.  S.  A.,  it  is  being 
sponsored  by  the  Portland  China  Relief 
committee  and  the  proceeds  will  go  to- 
ward war  relief.  Mr.  Larrae  Haydon  of 
the  Portland  Civic  theatre  is  directing  the 
presentation,  assisted  by  Miss  Dorothy 
Clifford.  The  cast  is  all  Chinese  and  reg- 
ular rehearsals  of  the  play  are  going  on 
now. 


AFCP  HOLDS 
BENEFIT  TEA 

San  Francisco  —  Despite  heavy  rains, 
400  Chinese  and  American  people  came 
from  all  parts  of  this  city  and  from  across 
the  bay  on  Feb.  13  into  Chinatown  to 
attend  a  benefit  tea  given  by  the  newly- 
organized  American  Friends  of  the  Chi- 
nese People  here. 

The  affair  was  held  in  the  sumptuous 
headquarters  of  the  Four  Families  Associa- 
tion on  Grant  avenue,  long  considered  the 
most  magnificently  decorated  organization 
hall  in  Chinatown.  By  granting  the  use 
of  their  headquarters  for  this  tea  the 
Four  Families  broke  an  iron-clad  tradition 
which  forbids  the  places  being  used  for 
a   public   function.      This   tradition    was 


broken  only  because  of  a  patriotic  motive. 
The  funds  collected  from  the  tea  given 
by  the  AFCP  were  to  be  sent  to  Mme. 
Chiang  Kai-Shek  for  medical  relief  work. 
During  the  tea  short  talks  were  made 
by  Prof.  Alexander  Kaun  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  California,  who  is  chairman 
of  the  organization,  and  by  Mrs.  H. 
C.  Mei.  The  tea,  served  by  a  group  of 
Chinese  girls,  netted  about  $250.  (See 
picture  of  Mrs.  Mei  on  p.  12.) 
o 

"WEST  CHAMBER" 

TO  BE  STAGED 

BY  COLLEGE  STUDENTS 

Sacramento,  Cal. — Drama  students  in 
the  Sacramento  junior  college  will  present 
Henry  H.  Hart's  English  translation  of 
"The  West  Chamber"  (Hsi  Hsiang 
Chi),  a  classical  Chinese  drama  written 
by  Wang  Shih  Fu,  on  March  10  and  11 
in  the  college  auditorium.  The  play  will 
be  enacted  according  to  the  traditional 
Chinese  stage  presentation,  and  the  di- 
rection will  be  by  Mr.  John  L.  Seymour. 
o 

HONOLULUANS 
GOA-TRIPPING 

Honolulu — According  to  Milo  Lum, 
teacher  of  ballroom  dancing,  business 
and  professional  people  here  have  taken 
to  dancing  in  a  big  way.  Mr.  Lum,  who 
has  a  large  studio  and  employs  men 
dance  teachers,  contemplated  a  trip  to 
the  mainland  recently  to  learn  the  latest 
steps,  but  the  rush  of  new  pupils  has 
caused  him  to  postpone  the  trip.  In- 
stead he  is  looking  for  some  good  dance 
teachers  from  the  mainland.  Those  in- 
terested may  write  him  at  7  Hawaii 
Building,  Honolulu,  T.  H. 


NEWLY  ARRIVED  .  .  . 

A  Wide  Choice  of  Colors 

and  Styles 

$30— $35— $40 

RooaBroA 

MARKET    AT   STOCKTON 

HENRY  SHUE  TOM 

Chinese  Salesman  &  Representative 
4th    Floor 


P- 


Poge   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


March,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWNIAN 

ftoa+tU  AbGtUtd 

By  H.  K.  Wong 

It's  certainly  nice  to  see  the  sunshine 
again  after  the  dark  clouds  and  rain 
storms  of  the  past  few  weeks.  Everything 
is  green  now  and  presently  spring  will  be 
around  the  corner.  The  right  season  for 
outdoors,  for  blossoms,  and  for  romance. 
And  I  wonder  .  .  .  will  it  be  romance 
for  the  graceful  couple  who  will  win  the 
annual  prize  waltz  of  the  Oakland  Chi- 
nese Youth  Circle's  Third  Annual  dance? 
The  prize  waltz  trophy,  won  by  the  Square 
and  Circle  girls  and  the  Wa  Sung  club 
last  two  years  consecutively  is  again  the 
coveted  prize.  If  the  same  club  wins 
again,  the  trophy  will  belong  to  them  per- 
manently! The  boys  and  girls  have  been 
practicing  so  much  that  their  favorite 
waltz  records  have  been  worn  paper  thin, 
but  the  trophy  is  worth  the  effort.  This 
dance  will  be  held  at  the  beautiful  ball- 
room of  the  Oakland  Scottish  Rite  temple 
on  the  shores  of  Lake  Merritt.  The  date 
is  Saturday,  Mar.  12.  .  .  . 

Another  group  of  East  Bay  youngsters, 
the  Young  Chinese  Juniors,  are  holding  a 
fkating  party  at  Oakland's  Rollerland  on 
Mar.  17.  Better  come  prepared  for  a 
good  time.  Many  of  the  younger  girls 
are  planning  to  attend. 

A  group  of  track,  basketball,  and  foot- 
ball stars  have  banded  together  into  a 
new  organization  called  the  San  Francisco 
Chinese  Athletic  club.  They  are  holding 
their  first  dinner  dance  in  celebration  of 
their  past  victories  in  the  Rose  Room  Bowl 
of  the  Palace  hotel.  There  shouldn't  be 
many  girls  at  home  knitting  with  so 
many  stalwart  and  handsome  boys  to  es- 
cort them  on  Saturday,  Mar.  6.  .  .  . 

While  the  Twin  Dragon  team  was  win- 
ning the  Wah  Ying  championship  from 
Troop  Three,  little  Mervin,  five-year-old 
son  of  Fred  Hing,  was  dared  by  one  of 
the  players  to  "sock  the  cop  at  the  door." 
Not  at  all  afraid,  he  ran  up  with  the  very 
good  intention  of  hitting  him  in  the  face, 
but  being  so  short,  (the  officer  was  only 
six  feet  three  inches) ,  he  could  only  push 
his  knee  cap!!!  .  .  .  The  Mei  Wah  girls 
who  played  in  the  preliminary  game  were 
fifteen  minutes  late.  Why?  Very  good 
reasons.  They  had  to  wait  for  their  play- 
ing trunks  to  be  finished.  .  .  .  The 
youngsters  of  Hip  Wo  and  Chung  Wah 
schools  who  played  in  the  other  prelimi- 
nary wore  out  Referee  Al  Deasy  so  that 


he  had  to  appoint  an  assistant  in  the 
second  half  to  help  him.  The  teams  ran 
the  length  of  the  large  Kezar  pavilion  on 
an  average  of  four  times  per  minute. 
.  .  .  Deasy  is  the  son  of  Judge  Deasy, 
and  when  he  is  not  trying  to  keep  up  with 
the  youngsters,  he  is  a  darn  good  attorney. 
.  .  .  Dareson  Ping  was  a  physical  wreck 
when  his  Chung  Wah  team  won.  He 
made  every  shot,  every  pass,  every  dribble 
for  them,  with  his  voice.  He  jumped  up 
and  down  so  much  on  the  bench  that  he 
wore  out  the  seat  of  his  pants.  .  .  . 

No  wonder  Woodrow  Louie  was  All- 
State  end  when  he  attended  Vallejo 
High.  He  is  absolutely  the  best  Chinese 
end  ever  seen  in  action.  His  crashing 
style  instills  fear  into  his  opponent's  heart. 
As  he  and  Harding  Leong  both  clamped 
a  hard  block  on  the  L.  A.'s  safety  man 
and  cleared  the  way  for  the  S.  F.  touch- 
down in  the  Rice  Bowl  game,  he  got  up 
and  wisecracked  to  Harding:  "Next  time 
we'll  flip  for  it."  .  .  .  Charlie  Hing  suf- 
fered a  slight  concussion  of  the  brain 
when  he  put  that  spectacular  tackle  on 
Ted  Ung.  After  he  came  to,  he  didn't 
even  remember  that  he  had  rambled  over 
for  the  touchdown.  .  .  .  "Dutch"  Con- 
Ion,  who  officiated  the  game,  also  tooted 
the  whistle  for  the  Sugar  Bowl  classic. 
Marshall  Leong,  who  was  plowing 
through  L.  A.'s  line  for  good  gain,  was 
taken  out  for  a  breathing  spell.  As  he 
was  going  out  Referee  Pop  Elder,  who 
is  also  his  coach  at  Mission  Hi  said  to 
him:  "Go  on  out,  you  rascal,  and  take 
a  good  rest."  .  .  .  One  of  the  snappier 
action  moments  of  the  game  was  when 
Walt  Chew  cocked  his  good  right  arm, 
calmly  surveyed  the  field,  and  let  go  his 
45-yard  pass  to  Tommy  Jew  who  made 
a  great  leaping  catch.  .  .  .  George  Wong 
did  not  rest  much  on  the  side  line.  His 
brother,  Harry,  substituted  for  him  and 
every  time  he  made  a  good  stop,  George 
jumped  up  and  down  and  bellowed: 
'That's  my  kid  brother."  .  .  .  Powell 
Lee  came  up  on  the  Santa  Fe  train.  He 
nearly  missed  the  game  because  he  was 
detained  four  hours  by  the  Watsonville 
wash-out.  .  .  .  Caesar  Jung  did  not  get 
much  rest,  for  right  after  work  he  drove 
all  night  from  Bakersfield  in  order  to  play 
in  the  game.  .  .  .  Young  Yuen  was 
tabbed  by  S.  F.  girls  thus:  "A  cute  fella 
with  curly  hair  and  a  dimple." 

The  boys  and  girls  of  San  Francisco 
gave  a  victory  dance  in  honor  of  the  Los 
Angeles  players  after  the  Rice  Bowl  game. 
A  happy  throng  crowded  St.  Mary's  audi- 


torium to  the  four  walls.  Official  host- 
esses Dorothy  Fong  and  Hattie  Hall 
gathered  together  over  forty  girls  (single, 
stag,  pretty,  and  how!)  to  see  that  the 
L.  A.  boys  were  not  lonesome  and  blue. 
From  my  observation  I  believe  they  en- 
joyed themselves  immensely,  and  our  girls 
think  that  they're  gallent  lads,  too.  The 
girls  also  made  clever  football  badges  for 
members  of  both  teams.  With  those 
badges  they  were  permitted  to  cut  in  on 
every  dance  and  the  boy  friend  couldn't 
do  anything  about  it  either.  We  saw  the 
Big  Apple  done  in  L.  A.'s  style  by  peppy 
Mary  Young  and  Ed  Woo,  L.  A's  "tall, 
dark,  and  handsome"  right  end.  Willa 
Kim,  another  Angeleno,  proved  that  she 
is  a  good  teacher  as  well  as  a  dancer  when 
she  stepped  right  out  on  the  floor  and 
showed  Herbert  Lee,  Pershing  Louie, 
Tommie  Ng,  and  the  crowd  the  intricate 
gyrations  of  this  popular  dance.  Then 
Paul  Chuck,  Jimmie  Quan,  Eddie  Woo, 
and  Forest  Yee  showed  that  besides  be- 
ing good  football  players  they  could  turn 
on  the  heat  and  also  do  the  "Big  Apple" 
gracefully.  St.  Mary's  hall  was  gracious- 
ly donated  by  Father  Johnson  for  the 
evening.  The  Dragoniers  orchestra  with 
Wye  Wing  at  the  piano;  Gaye  Wye,  as 
violinst  and  saxophonist;  Low  Hong,  as 
guitarist;  Winston  Wong,  as  drummer; 
Eddie  Tom,  as  saxophonist;  and  Eddie 
Jung,  banjo  player,  also  donated  their 
services.  When  this  is  in  print,  Eddie 
Jung  will  be  tramping  over  the  snow- 
covered  steep  Wyoming  mountains  snap- 
ping outdoor  pictures  for  the  U.  S.  gov- 
ernment. ...  A  thousand  apologies  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Jack  Chow  (An- 
nie Quock)!  In  my  excitment  upon  hear- 
ing the  news,  I  erronously  reported  last 
month  that  the  heir  was  an  heiress.  So 
now,  Mr.  Chow,  on  behalf  of  young 
Edward  Anson  Chow,  please  pass  out 
those  great  big  "EI  Ropos"  and  take  back 
those  powder  puffs!!!!  'Twas  indeed  a 
snappy  Big  Apple  Dance,  the  one  given 
by  Oakland's  Waku  girls.  They  had 
teachers  all  over  the  place  who  were  so 
skillful  that  when  the  evening  was  done, 
even  the  "don't-know-how-to-dancers" 
came  out  of  their  shells  and  danced.  After 
meeting  lovely  Amy  Chung  of  Grass 
Valley,  most  of  the  boys  wish  that  she 
would  be  their  "True  Confession." 

Wanda  Woo,  who  recentlv  returned 
from  China,  is  now  living  at  Courtland, 
Mississippi.  She  was  married  to  Wong 
Gee  Jucne  in  S.  F.  Mr.  Wong  is  ■ 
wealthy  grocer  in  the  Mississippi  Valley. 
(Continued  on  p.  IS,  col.  3) 


■,y^' 


March,  1938 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page   17 


SPORTS 


CHINESE  AND  SOFTBALL 

By  Hector  Eng 

Softball  gained  new  impetus  among 
local  Chinese  last  year  when  the  China 
War  Relief  association  staged  a  benefit 
game  at  S.  F.  Seals  stadium.  The  spark- 
ling exhibition  of  ball  playing  shown  on 
that  occasion  by  the  Oakland  Chinese 
center,  the  S.  F.  Chinese  Merchants,  and 
the  Oakland  Dragonettes,  a  Chinese 
girls'  softball  aggregation,  riveted  atten- 
tion on  a  sport  which  has  since  become 
popular  among  the  Chinese  youths  in  San 
Francisco  and  the  East  bay. 

At  present  Oakland  is  the  stronghold 
of  softball.  Probably  the  reasons  are 
adequate  playing  facilities  and  early  base- 
ball training  in  the  public  schools.  In 
San  Francisco,  Hayward  and  Funston 
playgrounds  are  distant  from  Chinatown 


— a  serious  encumbrance  to  frequent  prac- 
tices. Across  the  bay,  Exposition  field  is 
on  the  outskirts  of  Chinatown  and  has 
three  well-kept  diamonds  solely  for  soft- 
ball.  As  a  result  hardly  a  year  passes 
without  one  or  more  Chinese  teams  win- 
ning a  city  classification  indoor  baseball 
title. 

The  Oakland  Chinese  Center  is  a  good 
example  of  the  old  axiom  that  practice 
makes  perfect.  A  gawky,  inexperienced 
team  at  the  inception  of  the  softball  year, 
it  developed  into  a  well-drilled  and  alert 
ten.  Managed  by  Dr.  Lester  Lee  and 
captained  by  Newell  Kaikee,  the  Center 
captured  second  place  and  a  cup  in  the 
Class  D  division  of  the  Oakland  Recrea- 
tion Softball  league  last  season.  Its  hope 
for  a  city  championship  was  thwarted  in 
the  semi-finals.    Vic  Ah  Tye  and  Sung 


Wong  "underhanded"  for  the  Center 
while  Ed  Ah  Tye  caught.  The  rest  of 
the  squad  were  Hue  Fung,  Allan  Chan, 
Al  Wong,  Ralph  Lieu,  Art  Lee,  Johnny 
Won,  Bob  Chow,  Roland  Lee,  and  Ed 
Yee. 

Those  who  witnessed  the  War  Relief 
association  benefit  game  last  year  will  re- 
call the  Wa  Sung  team  which  upset  the 
Seals  AA,  9  to  8.  The  victory  was  a 
decided  boost  for  the  caliber  of  Chinese 
in  baseball,  as  the  Seals  Rookies  are 
owner  Charlie  Graham's  prized  pets. 

This  year  Wa  Sung  will  definitely  be 
in  the  softball  picture.  Heretofore  it 
has  merely  dabbled  in  sports,  occupied 
with  Sunday  baseball.  Undefeated  in 
competition  in  two  years,  Wa  Sung  num- 
bered among  its  victims  the  S.  F.  Soft- 
ball  league    All-Stars,   Chitena,  Chinese 


The  above  are  five  scenes  taken  by  Chinese  Digest  photographer  Wallace  Fong  when  the  second  annual  Rice  Bowl  game  was  played  last  month 
at  S.  F.  Ewing  Field,  in  which  the  local  team  won  over  the  L.  A.  squad  by  7  to  0.    (See  story  on  next  page.) 

Upper  left  picture  shows  Jack  Fong,  S.  F.  left  half,  punting  during  the  second  quarter  and  nearly  blocked  by  Ed  Woo,  L.  A.  end  (with 
back  toward  camera).  Fred  Gunn,  S.  F.  quarter,  is  seen  clamping  a  block  on  Young  Yuen,  captain  of  the  L.  A.  team.  Archie  Got  is  also 
shown  rushing  in  from  the  other  end.  Upper  right  pictures  a  part  of  the  crowd  of  2,000  Chinese  youths,  oldsters,  and  Americans  who  witnessed 
the  game.  Lower  left  are  the  Chinese  clowns  from  the  Chinese  playground,  directed  by  Polly  McGuire,  who  entertained  between  halves.  Lower 
center  is  S.  F.  coach,  Bill  Fischer  (left)  shaking  hands  with  Laurie  Vejar,  the  L.  A.  team's  coach,  before  the  game.  The  lower  right  picture 
shows  Captain  Charlie  Hing  of  the  S.  F.  team  being  carried  out  in  the  third  quarter  after  suffering  a  slight  brain  concussion.  The  carriers 
are  game  manager  H.  K.  Wong,  Fred  Hing,  Ed  Ah  Tye,  and  Coach  Fischer. 


Poge    18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


March,   1938 


SPORTS 


Center,  and  others.  Allie  Wong,  Key 
Chinn.  and  Sung  Wong  pitched,  while 
Hector  Eng  caught.  Al  and  George 
Bowen.  Tom  Hing,  Joe  Lee,  Glenn  Lym, 
Robert  Chow.  Eli  Eng,  Worley  Wong, 
and  Walter  Dang  comprised  the  rest  of 
the  team. 

Most  colorful  and  powerful  softball 
team  among  the  Chinese  is  the  girl's  ag- 
gregation picturesquely  titled  as  the 
Dragonettes.  The  feminine  appellation 
belies  the  fact  that  the  girls  play  softball 
man-stvle.  Entered  in  the  top  women's 
division  of  the  Berkeley  Softball  league 
last  season,  the  Dragonettes  swash- 
buckled  through  the  opposition  unde- 
feated and  won  every  game  by  ten  or 
more  run  margins,  leaving  in  their  wake 
the  strongest  girls'  tearr.3  in  the  Bay  re- 
gion. 

Much  of  their  success  may  be  credited 
to  Gwen  Wong,  a  left-handed  Amazon 
whose  fast  ball  is  entirely  in  keeping  with 
her  masculine  swagger  and  salty  tongue, 
and  Florence  Bowen  Eng,  Gwen's  battery 
mate,  who  is  the  only  player  capable  of 
handling  the  latter's  swift  pitches.  Every 
girl  is  an  adept  slugger  and  fielder  on 
the  Dragonettes,  which  also  includes  Phyl- 
lis Soo  Hoo,  Jaye  Bowen,  Jane  and  Ida 
Lowe,  Ruth  and  Dora  Chew,  Mansie 
Wong,  Inez  Wong,  and  Helen  Eng. 

In  San  Francisco,  softball  talent,  al- 
though numerous,  is  chiefly  latent;  the 
inaccessibility  of  practice  grounds  have 
left  the  field  unexploited.  That  a  stiff 
schedule  will  unearth  many  surprises  is  a 
foregone  conclusion.  At  present  the  S.  F. 
Chinese  Merchants  is  the  leading  ten. 
o 

S.  F.  RICE  BOWL  VICTOR 

The  San  Francisco  Chinese  defeated 
the  Los  Angeles  team  7  to  0  in  the  second 
annual  Rice  Bowl  football  classic  on 
Feb.  12  at  Ewing  field,  San  Francisco. 
.  .  .  Captain  Charles  Hing  scored  the 
winning  touchdown  after  runs  by  Jack 
Fong,  and  three  consecutive  first  down 
plunges  by  powerful  Marshall  Leong 
placed  the  ball  on  the  nine-yard  line. 
Fong  split  the  upright  for  the  conversion 
In  spite  of  the  inclement  weather  which 
caused  the  game  to  be  played  in  ankle- 


deep  mud,  a  crowd  of  approximately  two 
thousand  attended  the  game. 

San  Francisco's  line  proved  too  strong 
and  too  tough  for  the  L.  A.  boys  to  han- 
dle. Husky  linesmen  such  as  Harding 
and  Ed  Leong,  Woodrow  Louie,  George 
Wong,  Fred  Hing,  and  Ed  Ah  Tye,  com- 
pletely outcharged  the  southerns  and 
broke  through  time  after  time  to  smear 
L.  A.'s  trick,  reverse  plays.  .  .  . 

The  Los  Angeles  team  lived  up  to 
their  reputation  of  being  a  tricky  outfit, 
for  instance:  their  booting  back  instead 
of  running  back  of  a  punt  on  the  very 
first  play  had  San  Francisco's  back  to 
the  wall  in  the  first  quarter,  while  their 
"Suicide  Sleeper"  play  nearly  got  away 
for  a  long  gain  but  Ming  Gok  stopped 
it  with  a  crashing  tackle.  Their  long 
passes  in  the  closing  moment  of  the  game 
kept  San  Francisco's  rooters  a-jitter,  but 
Coach  Bill  Fischer  stopped  their  scoring 
threat   by   sending  back   his   first   string. 

The  fine  performance  of  the  Rice  Bowl 
champion's  backfield  of  Jack  Fong,  Fred 
Gunn,  Charlie  Hing,  and  Marshall 
Leong,  their  stronger  line  plus  plentiful 
reserves  tells  the  tale  of  the  victory.  For 
L.  A.  Captain  Young  Yuen  played  a 
bang-up  defensive  game.  Caesar  Jung  is  a 
hard  hitting  back  but  didn't  have  much 
of  a  chance  to  show  his  speed  on  the 
slippery  turf.  Versatile  halfback  Ted 
Ung's  bullet  passes  were  beauties. 

The  proceeds  of  this  game  will  go  to 
the  War  Refugee  fund  and  was  sponsored 
by  the  China  War  Relief  Association  of 
America  but  the  game  was  entirely  man- 
aged by  the  young  generation. 


(EUTIFIED  (LEANEBS  &  DYEPS 

ier  the  Certified  Cleans  it  is  Clean' 
Phones  PRospect   1302  &   1303 
766  Post  St.  San    Francisco 


ALLIE  WONG 
MIGHTY  IN  DEFEAT 

After  culling  the  cream  of  the  baseball 
crop,  Alfred  (Allie)  Wong,  Oakland 
Wa  Sung  outfielder,  was  included  in  the 
list  of  stellar  athletes  selected  by  a  con- 
sensus of  baseball  managers  to  represent 
the  Eastbay  All-Stars  against  the  Major 
League  All-Stars  in  the  recent  Insurance 
Dav  game  at  the  Oakland  Coast  League 
park.  With  his  fast  ball  which  catapulted 
him  into  a  berth  on  the  Boston  Bees, 
Johnny  Babich  subdued  the  minor  lea- 
guers, 8  to  1,  by  limiting  them  to  only 
five  blows. 

Despite  the  defeat,  Wong  stood  out 
like  a  sore  thumb.  His  lethal  bat  ham- 
mered out  a  double  and  a  single.  He 
performed  faultlessly  in  center  field  and 
was  the  only  one  out  of  the  6  hand-picked 
outfielders  to  play  the  entire  game. 


Wong's  accomplishment  may  be  judged 
by  the  fact  that  Frenchy  Uhalt,  Johnny 
Vergez,  Babe  Dahlgren,  Harlan  Poal, 
Emil  Mailho,  and  Dario  Lodigiani  were 
in  the  opposing  lineup. 

Allie  Wong,  in  the  opinion  of  coast 
and  big  league  scouts  who  have  seen  him 
in  action,  is  the  greatest  Chinese  exponent 
of  baseball  todav. — H.E. 


IN  CITY  LEAGUE 

Fresno — The  Fay  Wah  A  team,  play- 
ing as  defending  champions  in  the  minor 
divisions  of  Fresno's  City  League  basket- 
balls, was  eliminated  from  play  in  the 
quarter  finals.  Favored  as  winners,  the 
team  was  without  the  service  of  Floyd 
Sam,  star  forward,  due  to  the  latter's 
mother's  death. 

The  team  includes  Toy  Wong.  Flovd 
Sam,  Irwin  Chow.  Hiram  Ching,  George 
"Blackie"  Chan,  Harrv  Tom,  Ed  Fong. 
and  George  Wong.  Henry  Ching  is  man- 
ager. 

Fav  W'ah's  B  teams  have  been  playing 
with  fair  success  in  their  league  games. 

CHINATOWN  IAN 
ROAMS  AROUND 

(Continued   from   p.    16) 
Philadephia  Flashes: 

Harry  Moy  has  just  returned  from 
Central  High  with  a  B.  A.  degree.  .  .  . 
The  George  Lees  have  again  moved  to 
new  surroundings.  Oh,  Mister,  why  not 
come  to  California?  It's  warmer  here. 
.  .  .  Manv  persons  are  grieving  over  the 
passing  of  Charles  J.  Song  who  was 
known  for  his  cheerf  jlness  and  modern 
ideas.  .  .  .  Dr.  F.  A.'.  Tsao  and  Welling- 
ton Meng  are  air.  :ig  those  contemplating 
on  returning  to  China  to  offer  their  serv- 
ices to  the  government.  .  .  .  After  their 
last  hit  performance  the  Chinese  Music 
club  returned  to  this  citv  for  an  encore. 
.  .  .  Lerov  Young  spoke  over  station 
W.  I.  P  recently  on  the  war  in  China. 
He  voiced  a  plea  to  aid  all  refugees.  .  .  . 
A  major  faux  pas:  At  a  recent  bride-to- 
be  shower  at  the  Cathay  tea  garden  an 
American  lady  sent  a  set  of  dishes  to  the 
bride.  When  the  huge  package  arrived 
at  the  restaurant  entrance  it  was  not  al- 
lowed to  be  brought  inside  for  it  had 
"Made  in  Japan"  stamped  all  over  the 
box.  None  of  the  attendants  would  even 
touch  it.  .  .  . 

Mrs.  George  Jung  of  Bakersfield 
(formerly  Edith  Lee)  recently  paid  her 
home  town  a  visit  with  her  lovely  h.ib\ 
girl   "Edith  Junior."    The   baby   is   three 


March,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   19 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


months  old  and  pretty  as  a  picture.  Even 
though  it  is  a  month  past  Chinese  New 
Year  they  tell  me  a  friend  sent  her  some 
Go  Gong  Gin  Douie.  Ah!  They  were  de- 
licious. ...  A  tip  to  you  faint-hearted 
swains.  Ruth  Chin  Sing  of  L.  A.  still 
signs  her  name  with  a  "Miss"  in  front. 
.  .  .  Bakersfield's  Club  Cathay,  formerly 
the  Mandarin,  re-opened  the  other  night. 
It  is  quite  a  place.  ...  In  the  same  town 
everyone  is  going  skating  with  a  bang 
and  a  bump!!!  The  wear  and  tear,  plus 
the  hard  knocks  can't  keep  young  China- 
town from  the  weekly  skate  fest  at  the 
Roller  Dome.  .  .  .  George  Meng,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Raymond  Chow,  and  Billy  Lee 
are  back  in  town  after  a  trip  to  China. 

Don't  be  surprised  folks.  Bill  Ko  is 
really  back  at  school  and  so  is  Al  Lee. 
.  .  .  The  Bakersfield  Chinese  Students 
club's  new  officers  are  Prexy  Kathryn  Lee 
Vice-prexy  Marie  Wong,  Secretary- 
Treasurer  Marjorie  Fung.  They  gave  a 
kiddies'  party  for  the  club  members  only, 
and  a  swell  time  was  had  by  all.  .  .  . 

Edgar  Lee  was  elected  by  the  Portland 
Y  to  be  their  representative  at  the  first 
northwest  conference  in  Seattle.  The 
other  Chinese  who  went  was  Leonard  Lee. 
He  represented  the  Portland  Wah  Kiang 
club  .  .  .  Harding  Wong  took  Portland 
by  storm  at  the  hair  styling  convention 
there.  At  one  show  15  Chinese  girls  were 
in  the  midst  of  the  crowd  to  see  him  do 
his  stuff.  .  .  .  Madeline  Chin  and  Ella 
Coe  were  star  models  for  two  other  Amer- 
ican designers  on  the  same  program.  .  .  . 
Air  heroes  Elmer  Mai  Lam  and  Charles 
Sue,  both  of  Portland,  were  shot  down 
in  action  in  the  war  in  China.  Let's  hope 
that  these  brave  lads  did  not  die  in  vain. 

.  .  Because  of  the  inclement  weather  in 
Seattle  Hing  Chin,  George  Louie,  and 
other  tennis  players  are  just  Mah  Jong 
players  now.  It's  "Pak,  Gong,  and  Chee" 
all  night  long,  but  when  spring  rolls 
around,  it  will  be  "Drive,  Serve,  and 
Smash."  .  .  . 

Scouts  of  Troop  3,  11,  and  34  who  did 
a  fine  job  in  policing  and  ushering  at  the 
Rice  Bowl  game  were:  Kenneth  Kwock, 
Jimmy  Chan,  Harold  Louie,  Bertram 
Louie,  Grover  Low,  Hing  Dare,  William 
Lee,  Henry  Chan,  William  Mar,  Ray- 
mond Choye,  Oliver  Ho,  George  Wong, 
Horn  Bing,  Robert  Lum,  George  Chew, 
and  Victor  Lee  under  the  direction  of 
Albert  Park.  Li,  scout  leader.  .  .  . 

Husky  and  barrel-chested  Willie  Wong 
Fie,  formerly  of  Sacramento  and  Phoenix, 
is  now  at  Cave  Creek,  Arizona.    He  is 


with  the  construction  crew,  building  the 
great  Bartlett  dam.  .  .  . 

[Although  the  Chinese  Digest  has 
correspondents  in  a  dozen  cities,  outside 
news  contributions  from  clubs  and  read- 
ers are  welcomed,  though  no  promise 
can  be  made  that  items  sent  in  will  be 
published.  Contributions  must  reach  us 
on  or  before  the  15th  of  the  month  pre- 
ceding month  of  publication,  and  must 
be  signed  with  the  names  (not  initials) 
and  addresses  of  the  contributors;  other- 
wise they  will  not  be  considered. 

All  news  intended  for  this  column  or 
for  " Chinatowonia"  should  be  addressed 
to  the  Editor,  Chinese  Digest.^ 


ECONOMIC  BOYCOTT 

(Continued  from  p.  10) 
Interviewed  by  the  Scripps-Howard 
Washington  correspondent,  the  venerable 
senator,  who  is  three  score  years  and  six, 
expressed  himself  as  being  deeply  moved 
by  the  Japanese  invasion  of  China  and 
called  upon  the  women  of  America  to 
enlist  themselves  in  the  economic  boycott 
movement.  Senator  Norris  told  the  re- 
porter: 

"The  principal  thing  is  for  the  women 
to  quit  wearing  stockings  made  of  Japa- 
nese silk.  .  .  .  Japan  is  practically  bank- 
rupt and  if  the  people  of  the  world, 
especially  the  United  States,  refuse  to 
buy  her  goods  she  cannot  carry  on  any 
war.  And  that  is  where  the  women  of 
America  come  into  the  picture.  They 
have  it  within  their  power  to  stop 
the  slaughter,  to  cause  the  collapse  of  the 
military  campaign  and  the  withdrawal 
of  the   troops." 

Students  and  the  Boycott 

Students  in  the  exclusive  colleges  and 
the  state  universities  have  also  taken  up 
the  boycott  of  silk  stockings.  From 
Smith  college  in  the  East  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Washington  in  the  West,  co- 
eds are  conducting  a  voluntary  boycott 
on  silk  stockings.  As  one  co-ed  stated, 
"College  women  are  giving  up  some 
vanity  for  the  sake  of  humanity."  The 
dramatization  of  the  burning  of  silk 
hosiery  and  silk  neckties  at  Vassar  Col- 
lege last  December  by  the  American 
Student  union  at  its  national  conference 
has  given  nation-wide  publicity.  The 
leaders  of  the  A.  S.  U.  are  conducting 
an  aggressive  campaign  to  boycott  Jap- 
anese goods  on  the  college  campuses. 
The  popularity  of  the  anti-silk  stocking 
crusade  has  spread  to  the  high  schools, 
and  an  example  is  the  girls  of  the  Boise 


high  school  in  Idaho,  who  have  started 
a  movement  to  boycott  silk  stockings  as 
a  protest  to  the  bombing  of  women  and 
children  in  China. 

Chain  Stores  Bow  to  Public 
Consumers'  group  pressure  is  so  strong 
since  the  sinking  of  the  U.  S.  gunboat 
Panay  off  Nanking,  China,  that  the  lead- 
ing chain  stores  of  America  have  decided 
not  to  import  any  more  Japanese  goods. 
The  F.  W.  Woolworth  Co.  stated  in 
New  York  City  last  December  that  they 
have  not  purchased  any  Japanese  goods 
for  several  months,  and  for  the  duration 
of  the  Far  Eastern  war,  they  will  not 
import  any  Japanese-made  goods.  The 
National  Dollar  store  has  refused  to  sell 
Japanese  goods  since  the  war  was  started 
in  Shanghai.  S.  H.  Kress  and  F.  W.  Grand 
chain  stores  have  not  sold  any  Japanese 
goods  since  the  consumers'  boycott  went 
into  a  nation-wide  scale  last  December. 
Local  boycott  committees  have  visited  de- 
partment stores  and  chain  stores  in  their 
localities  and  asked  them  to  refrain  from 
selling  Japanese  goods.  Many  of  the 
downtown  stores  in  the  big  cities  of 
America  have  not  sold  any  Japanese 
goods  since  the  bombing  of  the  Panay. 
The  inhumanity  of  the  Japanese  mili- 
tarists have  made  the  boycott  movement 
quite  effective  among  the  American  Con- 
sumers. 

Quarantine  the  Aggressor 

This  is  the  beginning  of  a  world-wide 
people's  movement  to  quarantine  the  ag- 
gressor nation  in  the  Far  East.  The  eco- 
nomic boycott  is  the  spontaneous  desire 
of  the  American  people  for  justice  and 
peace.  The  conscience  of  the  American 
people  is  rebelling  against  the  inhumanity 
and  the  cruelty  of  the  Japanese  militarists 
in  China.  Thus  by  refusing  to  buy  Jap- 
anese goods  and  refusing  to  wear  silk 
from  Japan,  the  American  people  are 
utilizing  the  economic  boycott  as  an  in- 
strument of  the  people's  policy  for  peace. 
o 

CHINESE  COINS 

(Continued  from  p.  7) 
Pao  of  the  Sung  dynasty,  the  gian 
"Worth  a  Thousand"  Chia  Ching  and 
the  minted  wen  of  the  Ching  dynasty,  and 
the  minted  wen  and  the  1916  coppers  of 
the  Republic. 

NEXT  MONTH  Mr.  Lee  will  con- 
clude this  phase  of  Chinese  coinage  and 
will  trace  the  fortune  of  the  round  coin 
from  the  time  of  Christ  to  the  present. 
Copyrighted,    1938,    by    Chingwah    Lee. 


nr< 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


March,   1938 


Labial 


That's  why  the  only  milk  worth  con- 
sidering for  your  children  is  the  best 
you  can  buy.  Borden's  Dairy  Delivery 
Milk  is  the  choice  of  most  people. 


73ordmi 

DAIRY  DELIVERY  COMPANY 


Val.  6000 


San  Francisco 


3>laHW4tdi  -  WatcUed,  -  fleweltof, 

•  WE  ARE  grateful  for  the  confidence  shown  in  us  by  a 
large  number  of  Chinese  people  who  have  purchased  dia- 
monds, watches,  and  jewelry  from  us  during  the  past  sev- 
eral years.  We  invite  the  patronage  of  all  Chinese  who 
appreciate  a  one-price,  square-dealing  store.  We  offer 
a  money  back  guarantee  with  every  purchase.  Mr.  Arthur 
Yim,  a  very  courteous  and  intelligent  Chinese  young  man, 
in  our  employ,  will  be  glad  to  assist  you  in  your  purchases. 

SAJYfU  ELS 

Market  Street,  Opposite   Powell,  SAN   FRANCISCO 
1520  Broadway,  Between  Roos  Bros,  and  Hastings,  OAKLAND 


Serve 

BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at    your    next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW   CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

820   Pacific  Ave.        DOuglas  0547 
San  Francisco,  California 


S 


,-*#- 


S;*S  ' 


> 


CHINESE  LADY,  ALMOND  BLOSSOMS,  AND  STATUE  OF  AMITABHA 

(See    Page   3    for    details) 


Poge  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,   1938 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Vol.  4,  No.  4  April,  1938 

Published  Monthly  ot  868  Washington  Street 

Son  Froncisco,  California   (CHina  24001 

WILLIAM    HOY,    Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.      For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE    Associate  Editor 

LIM  P.   LEE    Sociological   Data 

HELEN  M    FONG Circulation  Manager 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

CORRESPONDENTS    and    REPRESENTATIVES 

Bokersfield    Mamie   Lee 

Chicago    Beatrice    Moy 

Fresno     Allen    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Honolulu,  T.  H Grace   H.  Goo 

Los   Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Morysville    Virginia    Wah 

New  York   Bing   Chan,  Sophia   Chu 

Philadelphia    Henry  C.   Jung 

Portlond    Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seattle,  Wash   Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton   Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,   Arizona   May   Tom 

For  advertising  rates  call  CHina  2400 

FOUNDERS   and   PUBLISHERS 
THOMAS    W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data,  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress,  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorial   2 

Chinatown  Crier    3 

Far  East 4 

Jade  Box   5 

Art  and  Culture 6,  7 

Sociological  Data 8,  9 

Chinatownia    10-17 

Sports 18 

Continuation  Page 19 

Pictures: 

Coins    6,  7 

Chinese   Pickets    10 

Stars  in  "Lady  Precious  Stream" 13 

Chinese  Village  in  Exposition   15 


EDITORIAL 


FEDERATIONS  OF  YOUTHS— A 
STEP  IN  THE  RIGHT  DIRECTION 

The  Los  Angeles  Chinese  youth  groups  which  recently 
came  together  to  form  the  L.  A.  Federation  of  Chinese  Clubs 
for  the  patriotic  and  humanitarian  purposes  of  raising  funds 
for  war  refugee  relief  in  China  should  be  highly  commended 
by  all.  It  is  a  significant  step  in  the  achievement  of  organiza- 
tional unity  which,  with  proper  leadership  and  guidance,  may- 
blossom  forth  into  a  highly  useful  and  beneficial  agency  for 
our  generation's  youths  in  that  part  of  the  state. 

The  Los  Angeles  F.  C.  C,  in  a  way,  should  have  been 
organized  long  before  this,  but  allowance  must  be  made  for 
the  fact  that  the  Chinese  there  are  not  located  in  a  closely  knit 
community  as  is  the  case  in  San  Francisco,  and  therefore  to 
bring  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  young  people's  groups  there 
together  is  no  easy  task.  Even  in  San  Francisco,  where  the 
young  people's  clubs  are  all  located  in  Chinatown,  it  was  not 
until  last  October — three  months  after  the  beginning  of  the 
present  Sinb- Japanese  conflict — that  the  first  meeting  was 
called  for  the  formation  of  the  first  Federation  of  Chinese  Clubs. 

"We  Chinese  youths  of  Southern  California,  whether  legal 
citizens  of  China  or  citizens  of  the  sympathetic  democracy  of 
the  U.  S.  A.,  should  .  .  .  assume  the  responsibilities  which  are 
ours,"  this  organization  thus  declared  in  a  fashion  typical  of 
enthusiastic  youths.  The  responsibilities  are  clear  enough  and 
need  not  be  cited  here.    It  remains  to  carry  them  out  with  a 


sense  of  responsibility,  a  maximum  of  cooperation,  and  a  mini- 
mum of  credit  hunting,  friction  between  member  organizations, 
and  those  little  difficulties  that  will  face  their  leaders  in  all  such 
pioneer  undertakings.  And  Los  Angeles's  F.  C.  C.  is  a  pioneer 
undertaking,  and  those  who  are  its  leaders  should  tackle  everv 
project  with  unlimited  optimism,  enthusiasm,  practical  minded- 
ness,  and  with  a  real  sense  of  responsibilitv. 

As  for  the  Federation  of  Chinese  Clubs  in  San  Francisco. 
it,  too,  should  be  warmly  praised  for  the  manv  benefit  projects 
it  has  successfully  carried  out  since  its  inception  last  October. 
We  have  watched  its  growth  with  a  keen  interest  from  the  vers 
first,  and  although  there  are  many  signs  that  the  first  flush  ot 
patriotic  fervor  and  high  enthusiasm  among  its  member  clubs 
is  beginning  to  wear  out,  yet  it  is  continuing  with  its  program 
with  the  cooperation  and  support  of  those  who.  from  the  very 
first,  have  put  their  highest  faith  on  the  need  of  such  an  or- 
ganization. 

The  F.  C.  C.'s  recent  move  to  acquaint  the  rank  and  file  ot 
its  thirty  member  organizations  by  a  lecture  program  aimed  to 
enlighten  them  on  the  various  aspects  of  the  present  Sino- 
Japanese  war  was  an  important  undertaking,  though  it  had 
nothing  to  do  with  raising  relief  funds.  It  is  important  because 
the  youths  of  this  community  are  not  half  as  acquainted  with 
the  Sino-Japanese  war  and  what  it  means  as  thev  should  be. 
In  inaugurating  such  a  program  the  F.  C.  C.  should  deserve 
all  commendation. 


April,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


THE    CHINATOWN     CRIER 


Korean  On  March  10  one  who  was  con- 
Patriot  sidered  the  leading  figure  of 
the  nationalist  movement  died 
in  a  prison  in  his  own  country.  He  was 
Ahn  Chang  Ho,  well  known  in  Cali- 
fornia and  founder  of  the  Korean  Na- 
tional association  in  this  country.  Thus 
passed  away  a  man  who  had  fought  for 
almost  half  a  century  to  free  20,000,000 
of  his  countrymen  from  the  grip  of 
Japan. 

The  cause  of  Ahn's  untimely  death  was 
the  present  Sino-Japanese  war.  Last  July, 
at  the  start  of  Japan's  military  campaign 
against  China,  Ahn,  with  two  hundred 
other  Koreans,  were  clapped  into  prison 
because  the  Japanese  military  were  tak- 
ing no  chances  with  Korean  patriots  while 
they  proceed  with  their  plans  for  the  sub- 
jugation of  China.  He  died  while  in 
the  hands  of  those  whom  he  had  fought 
all  his  life.  An  account  of  his  life  should 
be  instructive  to  us  at  this  time. 

Ahn  Chang  Ho  lived  in  the  most  tragic 
era  of  Korea's  history.  Born  in  1878,  he 
became  a  full  fledged  revolutionist  at  20 
when  he  joined  a  political  organization  to 
work  for  Korea's  independence  through 
reform.  In  1902  he  came  to  the  United 
States  to  study  western  political  ideas, 
bringing  his  wife  with  him.  In  1906  he 
returned  to  his  country  to  direct  secret 
revolutionary  activities  through  the  New 
People's  society.  The  writing  was  on  the 
wall — that  unless  Korea  could  muster 
up  strength  to  fight  she  was  doomed  for 
annexation  by  Japan. 

In  1909  Ahn  was  imprisoned  for  com- 
plicity in  the  assassination  of  several  Jap- 
anese officials,  among  them  Prince  Ito. 
He  was  freed  for  lack  of  evidence,  how- 
ever, and  the  following  year,  the  year  of 
the  annexation,  he  secretly  left  the  coun- 
try. A  man  without  a  country,  he  traveled 
through  the  capitals  of  Europe  and  en- 
listed many  Koreans  in  a  new  nationalist 
movement.  Between  1912-19  he  was  in 
this  country  and  during  that  period  was 
instrumental  in  organizing  some  two  mil- 
lion overseas  Koreans  all  over  the  world. 

An  uprising  of  nationalists  occurred  in 
Korea  on  March  1,  1919.  Ahn  hurried 
eastward,  going  to  Shanghai  to  take  part 
in  the  organization  of  a  provisional  gov- 
ernment there.  But  the  uprising  was 
quelled  and  once  more  the  Korean  revo- 
lutionist had  to  start  all  over  again. 

From  that  time  on  Ahn  remained  in 
the  East,  with  the  exception  of  a  short 
visit  to  this  country  in  1925,  where  he  had 


domiciled  his  family.  In  1927  he  was 
arrested  in  Manchuria  at  the  instigation 
of  the  Japanese,  but  was  released  by 
Chang  Tso-lin.  In  1932,  the  year  of 
the  first  "Shanghai  Incident"  he  was 
again  arrested  and  this  time  imprisoned 
until  1935.  His  fourth  and  last  arrest 
was  last  July,  which  led  to  his  death. 

In  many  ways  Ahn  Chang  Ho's  tragic 
but  valiant  career  paralleled  that  of 
China's  Sun  Yat-Sen.  The  latter,  too, 
started  his  political  career  by  agitating  for 
a  reform  program  when  China  was  still 
under  Manchu  rule.  Realizing  the  fu- 
tility of  this  he  then  agitated  for  the  over- 
throw of  the  Manchu  dynasty  before 
some  other  nation  or  nations  reduced 
the  country  to  a  vassal  state.  Sun  Yat- 
Sen  succeded  in  his  designs. 

However,  Ahn  Chang  Ho's  revolu- 
tionary activities  did  not  culminate  in 
success.  In  his  twenties  he  agitated  for 
political  reform  and  a  Korea  free  from 
Japanese  influences.  Then,  when  Korea 
was  annexed  by  Japan  as  a  result  of  the 
Sino-Japanese  war  of  1894-95  and  the 
Russo-Japanese  war  of  1904-05,  he  agi- 
tated for  a  free  and  independent  Korea. 
The  fact  that  his  was  a  lost  cause  in  the 
light  of  gigantic  historic  forces  at  work 
between  China  and  Japan  did  not  deter 
Ahn  from  consecrating  his  life  to  the 
Korean  nationalist  movement.  Sun  Yat- 
Sen  succeeded  in  overthrowing  the  Man- 
chu yoke  because  many  historic  forces 
were  in  his  favor.  Ahn  Chang  Ho  failed 
because  the  historic  forces  were  decidedly 
against  him.  Before  Ahn  was  old  enough 
to  realize  the  tragic  fate  of  his  country, 
a  statesman  in  Japan  had  already  marked 
Korea  for  conquest  when  he  said:  ".  .  . 
Korea  ...  is  our  stepping  stone  to  the 


Asiatic  continent  .  .  .  we  .  .  .  must  be- 
gin to  work  on  the  problem  now."  The 
man  who  uttered  these  words  was  Prince 
Ito,  and  the  year  he  said  them  was  1886, 
when  Ahn  Chang  Ho  was  only  six  years 
old. 

One  can  imagine  that  Ahn  Chang  Ho's 
last  hours  in  a  Japanese  prison  were 
hours  of  bitter  frustration,  of  heart- 
breaking loneliness,  physically  helpless 
and  without  strength,  his  valiant  heart 
crying  out  for  his  countrymen  in  bond- 
age, and  the  final  realization  that,  as  his 
life  ebbed  away  from  him  under  the  eyes 
of  Japanese  doctors,  his  mission  was  un- 
fulfilled. 

The  tragic  figure  of  this  Korean  pat- 
riot may  well  make  us  ponder  on  the  fate 
of  China  in  this  hour  of  her  crisis.  And 
while  pondering  we  should  bend  all  our 
energy  to  aid  her  in  her  war  of  attrition 
so  that  in  the  end  she  may  emerge  as  a 
free  and  independent  nation  and  mistress 
of  her  own  destiny.  When  that  day  comes 
perhaps  the  hopes  of  Ahn  Chang  Ho  for 
his  own  country  may  also  be  realized. 


Ahn's  In  Chinatown  here  a  Korean 
Friend  grieves  over  the  death  of  Ahn 
Chang  Ho  as  much  as  those 
who  are  personally  near  and  dear  to  the 
late  revolutionary.  This  Korean  spent 
five  years  as  Ahn's  close  friend  and  com- 
panion in  China  not  very  long  ago,  help- 
ing and  joining  with  the  latter  in  his  revo- 
lutionary activities.  He  can  tell  much 
about  Ahn  Chang  Ho,  but  in  his  grief 
over  the  Iatter's  passing  he  prefers  to 
keep  silent.  I  have  not  mentioned  his 
name  since  I  am  sure  he  would  not  want 
me  to. 

The  Chinatown  Crier. 


THIS  MONTH'S  COVER 

The  Chinese  character  for  her  name  means  Accomplished;  and  she  IS  accomplished 
in  the  realm  of  histrionic  art,  having  appeared  on  both  stage  and  screen.  In  the  picture, 
"Good  Earth,"  she  essayed  two  parts,  the  Ancient  One  and  the  Aunt,  and  made  them 
both  effective  and  memorable  performances.  Her  name,  if  you  haven't  already  guessed 
it,  is  Miss  Soo  Yong. 

Last  month  this  charming  Hawaiian-born  Chinese  actress  visited  San  Francisco, 
after  having  finished  a  transcontinental  tour.  Most  of  the  time  that  she  was  here  she 
spent  in  Chinatown,  renewed  acquaintances,  and  shopped  on  Grant  avenue.  Although  she 
was  thoroughly  familiar  with  Chinatown,  she  was  just  as  delighted  as  any  tourist  seeing 
it  for  the  first  time.  And  as  for  Grant  avenue — "I  love  it!"  she  declared  with  a  happy 
smile.  i  ■jlldill 

The  cover  picture  of  Miss  Yong  was  especially  posed  for  the  Chinese  Digest  and 
photographed  by  our  cameraman  Wallace  H.  Fong.  She  is  seen  against  a  background 
of  many  almond  blossoms,  as  white,  delicate  and  beautiful  as  her  hands,  and  a  bronze 
statue  of  Amitabha  (Amita  or  O-mi-t'o  Fo),  a  Buddhist  deity  who  guides  his  devotees 
to  the  Western  Paradise. 


Poge  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,   1938 


FAR     EAST 


THE  FACTS  ABOUT 
COMMUNISM  IN  CHINA 

So  much  capital  has  been  made  out  of 
the  allegedly  communistic  leanings  of  the 
Chinese  government  that  it  is  important 
to  make  the  situation  clear  to  those  who 
have  been  impressed  by  such  falsehoods. 
Persistent  efforts  have  been  made  by  Ja- 
pan's apologists  to  represent  the  Kuo  Min 
Tang  and  the  Comintern  as  being  alike 
as  two  peas.  It  will  be  presently  shown 
that  the  Kuo  Min  Tang  is  as  free  from 
communist  influence  as  the  Japanese  gov- 
ernment itself. 

In  reply  to  the  allegation  there  is  am- 
ple evidence  to  the  contrary.  Before  tak- 
ing office  Prince  Konoye  recognized  that 
the  so-called  "dual  diplomacy"  by  Ja- 
pan's soldiers  and  diplomats,  instead  of 
improving  Sino- Japanese  relations,  mere- 
ly exacerbated  China's  wounded  feelings; 
now  that  he  is  premier  he  discreetly  for- 
gets the  part  his  own  countrymen  play  in 
creating  bad  feelings,  and  pretends  it  was 
the  "machinations"  of  the  Comintern 
which  led  to  the  disastrous  clash  which 
has  brought  death  and  destruction  to  a 
nation  struggling  for  rejuvenation. 

The  neutral  observer  should  also  re- 
member the  significant  fact  that  his  for- 
mer attitude  was  supported  by  Japanese 
who  had  been  ambassadors  in  China,  by 
Mr.  Sato  (  foreign  minister  in  the  cabi- 
net which  preceded  the  Konoye  admin- 
istration), and  by  business  men,  political 
leaders,  and  journalists  who  repeatedly 
warned  their  own  government  that  Japa- 


nese militarists  and  "hot  blooded"  young 
officials  were  provoking  hostility  among 
the  Chinese. 

If  countries  believe  their  national  peace 
and  security  to  be  threatened,  they  are  of 
course  quite  within  their  rights  in  taking 
measures  of  protection.  Certainly  she 
has  no  "moral  mission"  to  suppress  any 
"ism"  in  any  country  but  her  own.  This 
is  precisely  what  was  done  by  China  when 
it  was  recognized,  in  1927,  that  the  Com- 
munists were  actively  engaged  in  working 
against  the  National  government,  where- 
upon they  were  expelled  from  the  Kuo 
Min  Tang  and  the  whole  movement  put 
under  nation-wide  proscription. 

One  more  point  calls  for  attention.  On 
Aug.  21,  1937, — while  Japanese  troops 
were  fighting  in  "self  defense"  in  China, 
—  a  treaty  of  non-aggression  was  con- 
cluded between  China  and  Soviet  Russia. 
The  provisions  of  this  agreement  were  en- 
tirely negative  in  nature,  consisting  mere- 
ly of  mutual  assurance  of  non-aggression 
and  non-assistance  to  any  aggressor  who 
might  attack  either  signatory.  Vigorous 
attempts  were  made  to  represent  this  pact 
as  affording  new  proof  of  secret  under- 
standing between  the  Chinese  government 
and  the  Comintern.  The  fact  was  ignored 
that  Soviet  Russia  already  had  various 
agreements  with  other  countries  none  of 
which  were  favorably  inclined  toward 
Communism,  including  Japan  and  Italy. 

Many  a  true  word  is  spoken  in  jest. 
It  has  often  been  said  that  Japan's  great 
mission  is  to  "prevent  China's  becoming 
Red."  And  how  often  have  those  con- 
versant with  the  facts  smiled  at  this  naive 


manner  of  camouflaging  Japan's  real  am- 
bition— yet,  as  things  have  turned  out, 
this  is  just  what  Japan  has  done.  True, 
this  has  come  about  not  in  the  way  she 
had  intended,  by  taking  military  measures 
of  suppression  in  Chinese  territory,  but 
by  actually  bringing  about  the  voluntary 
surrender  of  the  Communist  party  to  the 
Kuo  Min  Tang,  after  ten  years  of  bitter 
struggle! 

For  eighteen  years  China  had  a  prob- 
lem on  her  hands — the  existence  of  a 
Communist  party  which,  while  at  first 
friendly,  subsequently  became  active- 
ly hostile  to  the  National  government.  In 
November,  1936,  when  the  anti-communist 
pact  between  Germany  and  Japan  was 
signed,  and  other  countries  were  invited 
to  join  in  this  agreement,  China  prompt- 
ly announced  that  there  was  no  need  for 
her  to  participate  in  the  pact, — not,  how- 
ever, because  she  was  any  more  enam- 
oured of  Marxist  teachings  than  either 
of  those  two  countries,  but  because  she 
considered  herself  fully  capable  of  deal- 
ing with  the  communist  situation. 

The  fact  had  been  recognized  for  years 
that  the  problem  of  suppressing  Com- 
munism in  the  Republic  was  of  a  political 
character;  the  military  danger  was  mini- 
mized as  a  result  of  large-scale  punitive 
operations  against  the  Red  forces.  Mean- 
while, by  steadily  persevering  with  its  pro- 
gram of  reforms  (so  far  as  Japan's  in- 
terference would  permit),  the  National 
government  had  effectively  neutralized 
the  effects  of  persistent  communist 
propaganda. 

(To   be   continued   next    month) 


THE  SINO- 
JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Day  by  day  resume  of  the  highlights 
of  the  present  "undeclared  war"  between 
China  and  Japan,  continued  from  last 
issue.) 

February  19 — Fifteen  Japanese  planes 
attempted  to  raid  Hankow  but  were  met 
by  17  Chinese  fighting  ships.  In  the  en- 
counter 5  Japanese  planes  were  shot 
down,  while  the  Chinese  lost  only  one 
ship. 

February  20 — "Informed  foreign 
sources"  reported  that  seven  months  of 
war  in  China  have  cost  Japan  260,000 
casualties,  and  China  1,000,000. 

Adolf  Hitler  of  Germany,  in  the  course 
of  a  three-hour  speech  to  the  Reichstag, 
announced  his   country  would   recognize 


"Manchukuo,"  and  also  said,  "I  do  not 
think  China  spiritually  or  materially 
strong  enough  to  resist  a  bolshevist  of- 
fensive alone.  But  I  do  believe  even  the 
most  sweeping  Japanese  victory  would 
be  infinitely  less  dangerous  for  civilization 
and  the  general  peace  of  the  world  than  a 
bolshevist   victory." 

February  23 — For  the  first  time  since 
the  war  began,  eight  Chinese  planes  raided 
the  capital  and  two  other  cities  on  the 
island  of  Formosa,  Japanese  territory 
wrested  from  China  in  1895.  Ten  were 
killed  and  30  wounded. 

February  26 — The  Nanchang  airdrome 
in  Kiangsi,  nerve  center  of  China's  avia- 
tion,  was   heavily   bombed   by   Japanese. 

February  28 — Guerilla  fighters  of  the 
Chinese  Eighth  Route  army  balked  con- 


tinued   attempts   of   Japanese    forces   to 
drive  through  at  the  Lunghai  front. 

Mme.  Chiang  Kai-Shek  relinquished 
her  position  as  head  of  China's  air  force. 

March  2 — T.  V.  Soong  reported  as  new 
head  of  the  Aeronautical  commission,  to 
succeed  Mme.  Chiang  Kai-Shek. 

March  8 — After  eight  months  of  war 
Japan,  according  to  official  Chinese  esti- 
mates, has  lost  about  400  planes,  while 
China  has  lost  350. 

March  13 — By  recapturing  two  impor- 
tant towns,  Chinese  forces  were  still  ef- 
fectively defending  Shensi  against  a  new 
Japanese  drive  toward  the  Yellow  river. 

March  17  —  Chinese  forces  reported 
pushing  back  Japanese  in  several  sectors 
in  Shansi  and  Shensi  provinces. 

(To  be  continued  next  month) 


■  ;■:■    ,/x&' 


April,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


THE    JADE    BOX 


Lady  P'ing  Yu 


My  fycHMtoUe.  Recipe. 
SOOK  MAI  YUK 

Have  you  ever  met  anyone  who  does 
not  like  corn?  Well,  I  haven't. 

Delicious,  juicy  corn!  corn  on  the  cob, 
corn  off  the  cob,  or  just  plain  canned 
corn. 

Some  like  them  golden — 

Some  like  them  young — 

But  just  give  me  corn — 

Any  way  they  come! 

Take  Vz  pound  pork,  ground.  Sea- 
son with  salt,  dash  of  sugar.  54  tsp.  flour 
and  1  tsp.  of  soy  sauce.  Have  frying  pan 
hot  with  grease,  put  in  pork.  Using  chop- 
sticks, break  up  pork  into  small  lumps. 
Brown,  then  cover  for  just  a  minute. 
Turn  gas  low. 

Add  1  can  corn,  preferably  sweet, 
young  variety,  with  2  tsp.  cold  water. 
Simmer  for  5  minutes.  Remove  from 
fire  and  serve  piping  hot.  Garnish  with 
Chinese  parsley.  If  you  like  a  thick 
gravy,  add  '/?  tsp.  flour  diluted  with  l/2 
cup  of  cold  water.  Then  simmer  for  5 
minutes. 

And  it  tastes  simply  preponderous 
when  served  with  rice! 

(Psst. — I  have  a  real  surprise  in  store 
for  you  next  month.  Gaily  winging  our 
way,  it  comes  with  the  freshness  of 
spring,  it  combines  the  heaven  and  the 
sea.  And  does  it  taste  good!  I'll  bet  even 
the  most  fantastic  of  you  cannot  guess 
what  it  will  be.  Or  am  I  the  one  that 
is  fantastic?    Who  knows?) 

o 

LET  CHINATOWN 
SHINE  FOR '39 

The  last  issue  of  the  Chinese  Digest 
reported  the  Chinatown  beautification 
1 1-point  program  and  with  what  eagerness 
the  Chinese  Six  Companies  and  the  Chi- 
nese chamber  of  commerce  have  indi- 
cated their  willingness  to  carry  out  this 
program,  and  with  what  enthusiasm  San 
Francisco  as  a  whole  accepted  this  wel- 
come news.  But  I  can  truthfully  say  no 
one  should  be  more  delighted  than  China- 
town housewives  over  this  "very  compre- 
hensive and  specific"  program.  For  con- 
scientious and  careful  housekeepers  every- 
where always  find  their  menfolks  uncon- 
scious to  the  need  of  beautiful  surround- 
ings and  indifferent  to  neat  and  orderly 
living. 

Now  it  seems  to  me,  their  silent  hope 
and  prayers  should  be  that  this  store-and- 
street-beautification    plan   would    include 


home-beautification  as  well,  that  these 
Chinatown  fathers  (especially  the  prop- 
erty-owners) would  also  renovate  and 
remodel  the  dwelling  places  where  China- 
town women  can  work  better  and  chil- 
dren can  thrive  more  healthfully.  With 
better  housing  facilities  women  can  make 
better  homes,  and  beautiful  homes,  as  an 
asset  to  Chinatown,  are  as  important  as 
beautiful  stores,  if  not  more  important. 
We  cannot  deny  the  fact  that  children 
as  products  of  clean  and  orderly  homes 
will  automatically  keep  the  streets  and 
public  places  clean  and  later  as  resi- 
dents of  these  quarters,  they,  being  ac- 
customed to  good  taste  and  respectable 
surroundings,  will  take  increased  pride  in 
keeping  Chinatown  always  beautification- 
conscious.  The  "Start  to  shine  for  '39" 
committee  exhorts  all  San  Franciscans  to 
clean  up  the  housetops,  as,  1'iving  as  we 
are  on  hills,  we  are  constantly  being 
looked  down  upon.  Let  us  Chinatown- 
ians,  men,  women,  and  children,  work  to- 
gether to  keep  Chinatown  so  clean  that 
we  will  be  looked  up  to  when  we're  looked 
down  upon! 


FIRST  LADY 
VISITS  CHINATOWN 

Ninety-nine  per  cent  of  the  popula- 
tion of  Chinatown  did  not  realize  what 
had  happened  until  the  next  day.  And 
March  14  will  long  remain  a  red  letter 
day  in  the  memories  of  the  little  nursery 
school  children  at  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  and 
of  the  three  persevering  young  ladies  who 
got  her  autograph  and  shook  hands  with 
her  because  "Eleanor  Roosevelt — Private 
Citizen"  visited  the  W.  P.  A.  nursery 
school  and  shopped  in  Chinatown  on  that 
day. 

The  First  Lady's  visit  to  S.  F.  was  con- 
spicuous by  the  absence  of  fanfare  be- 
cause of  her  wish  to  go  about  as  a  private 
citizen.  Would  that  we  had  more  private 
citizens  like  her.  In  every  sense  of  the 
word,  Mrs.  Roosevelt  is  an  autocrat  by 
right  though  she  became  a  democrat  by 
choice  and  an  outstanding  woman  by  her 
deeds  in  the  interest  of  social  service,  edu- 
cation, and  philanthropy. 


GOOD  EARTH  OR 
GOOD  LIFE? 

Pearl  Buck's  "Good  Earth"  produced 
good  life — but  what  good  is  good  earth 
when  there  is  no  life?  As  shown  in  the 
smuggled  movies   from  China  which  we 


saw  recently  and  by  the  descriptions  of 
an  eyewitness  whose  words  cannot  be 
doubted,  there  is  every  evidence  of  China's 
abundant  good  earth  left,  but  the  good 
life  has  long  departed  from  the  horribly 
treated  and  manged  corpses  lying  every- 
where. 

To  quote  the  First  Lady — in  her  appeal 
for  peace  at  the  Civic  auditorium  on  the 
evening  of  March  14,  she  asked  this  very 
pointed  question:  "Why  talk  about  soil 
conservation  when  we  make  no  effort  to 
conserve  life  to  live  on  this  soil?"  Is  it 
not  true  that  if  destruction,  as  we  know 
it  today,  is  allowed  to  continue  unabated 
there  will  soon  be  no  life  left?  What 
need  is  there  then,  to  speak  of  its  enhance- 
ment? 

Furthermore,  for  all  those  who  would 
think  of  peace,  Mrs.  Roosevelt  would  have 
us  think  of  these  points: 

1.  Teach  our  children  to  have  self- 
restraint  and  to  refrain  from  resorting  to 
fisticuffs  to  settle  disputes. 

2.  Teach  our  children  to  think  of 
others — to  have  fair  play  and  just  deal- 
ing at  all  times. 

3.  Encourage  young  people  to  study 
and  to  respect  that  which  is  fine  in  other 
peoples  and  nations. 

4.  Work  to  establish  good  foundations 
of  peace — fair  play,  mutual  trust,  faith, 
and  good  will — to  eliminate  the  need  to 
resort  to  war  to  further  selfish  and  unfair 
aims. 

5.  Bring  about  a  broader  patriotism  by 
giving  all  we  can  give  in  peacetime  (as 
well  as  in  wartime)  to  save  the  nation. 

6.  The  people  must  wake  up  and  assert 
their  leadership,  as  a  democratic  govern- 
ment moves  as  its  people  move. 

Everyone  in  a  democracy,  warned  Mrs. 
Roosevelt,  must  prove  himself  a  worthy 
citizen  by  not  shirking  his  responsibility 
or  he  will  not  escape  the  catastrophes  of 
war.  And  because  we  are  rich  and  strong, 
we  were  told,  we  have  a  greater  responsi- 
bility to  help  keep  the  whole  world  at 
peace. 

Although  simply  presented,  these  sin- 
cere convictions  manifesting  the  spiritual 
qualities  of  a  great  universal  mother,  drew 
her  large  audience  very  close  to  Mrs. 
Roosevelt.  The  fact  that  first  and  fore- 
most the  First  Lady  is  a  good  wife  and 
mother  became  clearer  to  us,  and  I  don't 
believe  anything  can  change  that;  no,  not 
even  the  august  title  of  "Madame  Presi- 
dent." 


P- 


/ 


\mt 


Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,   1938 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah   Lee 


NUMBERS  76-80:  THE  CHINESE 
INVENTED  COINAGE  500  YEARS 
BEFORE  LYDIA. 

CONCLUDING  ARTICLE  -  THE 
RISE  AND  FALL  OF  THE  CH'IENS. 

Despite  counterfeiting  on  the  part  of 
the  people  and  debasement  on  the  part 
of  the  government,  rapid  progress  was 
made  toward  the  universal  adoption  of 
the  metallic  round  coins  or  ch'iens  over 
commodities  or  utensil  coins. 

(1)  In  the  year  251  B.  C.  Emperor 
Shih  Huang  Ti  issued  a  pan  liang  coin, 
at  the  same  time  abolishing  all  such 
commodity  monies  as  shells  and  grains 
in    favor   of   metallic   coins. 

(2)  In  187  B.  C.  free  coinage  was 
still  permitted  under  Emperor  Kao  Huo, 
but  the  State  itself  issued  a  pan  liang 
coin. 

(3)  The  powerful  Emperor  Wu  Ti 
made  coinage  an  imperial  monopoly  in 
135  B.  C.  He  issued  coins  of  an  alloy 
of  silver  and  tin  in  three  weights:  a 
circular  coin  with  a  dragon  design  weigh- 
ing 8  ounces;  a  square-shaped  coin  weigh- 
ing 6  ounces,  and  an  oval-shaped  coin 
with  tortoise  symbol  weighing  4  ounces. 
Extensive  counterfeiting  resulted  in  these 
being  replaced  by  parchment  currency 
in  119  B.  C.  (Chinese  Digest,  July, 
1937). 

(4)  Emperor  Wu  Ti  also  produced 
a  3  chu  coin,  and  this  coincides  with 
the  demonetization  of  all  metallic  utensil 
coins.    The  wu  chu  coins  which  followed 


in  118  B.  C.  lasted  till  618  A.  D.,  and 
were  instrumental  in  winning  the  day 
for  the  present  cash,  for  it  was  accom- 
panied by  the  suppression  of  all  previous 
issues  of  circular  coins.  Its  use  for  over 
seven  centuries  has  stamped  itself  into 
the  mind  of  the  people  as  a  "penny  of 
account,"  and  all  subsequent  ch'iens  at- 
tained a  size  and  weight  somewhat  simi- 
lar to  the  wu  chu  coins. 

During  the  Han  dynasty  there  was 
a  shortage  of  metal  and  many  wu  chu 
coins  were  divided  into  two  by  the  in- 
genious method  of  striking  them  with 
a  steel  tube  whose  diameter  was  about 
two-thirds  that  of  the  coins — resulting 
in  an  outer  large  ring  coin  and  an  inner 
small  cash  coin  (see  cut,  last  issue) . 
A    22-Year    Interlude 

Coinage  from  the  beginning  of  the 
Christian  era  to  the  time  of  the  Republic 
was  a  fairly  uniform,  rather  repetitious 
affair  except  for  a  brief  interval  when 
Wang  Mang  was  at  the  helm.  While 
a  regent  in  1  A.  D.  he  replaced  previous 
issues  with  the  sword  and  round  coins; 
after  he  became  emperor  he  replaced 
these  with  twenty-eight  experimental 
monies;  and  in  14  A.  D.  he  again  re- 
placed all  previous  issues  with  tokens 
known  as  hou  pu. 

1.  The  round  cash  coins  of  Wang 
Mang  are  known  as  hou  ch'uans  and 
are  marked  with  code  words  and  units: 
small  ch'uans,  worth  one;  middle  ch'uan, 
thirty;    large   ch'uan,    fifty,   etc. 


2.  As  was  described  previously,  the 
short  sword  or  knife  coins  are  all  of  the 
same  size,  but  bear  different  face  values: 
fifty,   five   hundred,   five   thousand,   etc. 

3.  The  twenty-eight  experimental  mon- 
ies are  divided  as  follows:  (a)  six  types 
of  cash  coins;  (b)  one  standard  gold 
coin;  (c)  two  silver  coins;  (d)  four 
tortoise  shells;  and  (e)  five  grades  of 
cowries.  The  Annal  of  the  Han  dynastv 
gives  us  an  idea  of  the  relative  value  of 
shells  (presumably  cowries)  and  cash: 
Shells  of  4.8  inches  or  over,  216  cash; 
3.6  inches  or  over,  50;  2.4  inches  or  over, 
15;  1.2  inches  or  over,  10;  and  one  inch 
or   under,   3    cash. 

4.  The  spade  coins  or  huo  pu  are 
ten  in  number  and  are  represented  by 
code  words  which  indicate  units  in  hun- 
dreds. The  spade  and  sword  coins  may- 
be said  to  have  made  their  last  serious 
stand  with  Wang  Mang,  and  when  he 
fashioned  the  handle  of  the  short  sword 
to  resemble  coins,  perhaps  he  uninten- 
tionally symbolized  the  eventual  absorp- 
tion of  the  knives  by  the  cash.  -A  series 
of  Ching  Ting  bar  or  blade  coins  were 
produced  by  the  Southern  Sungs  at  Lin 
An;  and  spade  and  short  sword  coins 
were  issued  by  Hsien  Feng,  but  they 
were   of   minor   importance. 

During  the  Han  dynasty  there  was 
much  talk  about  a  return  to  commodities 
as  a  means  of  combating  counterfeiting. 
After  Wang  Mang's  death  in  23  A.  D. 
counterfeiting  was  so  general  that  coinage 


Standard  and  large  sized  coins  compared.  Large  coins  were  generally  cast  in  time  of  prosperity,  at  the  beginning  of  a  new  reign,  or  when 
a  governor  sends  "specimens"  to  the  capital.  Upper  left  shows  a  Sung  cash  with  round  hole.  From  1644  to  1911  the  reverses  bear  mint 
mark  in  Manchu  characters,  as  in  lower  right.    Courtesy  of  Mr.  Samuel  N.  Lee. 


■-,-%**•         :<**x. 


April,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


ART     AND     CULTURE 

__   Chingwah  Lee   


Standard  sized  coins  of  various  dynasties  extending  over  a  thousand  years.  Note  close  uniformity  of  sizes,  all  being  influenced  by  the  wu 
chu  coins  which  held  sway  from  118  B.  C.  to  618  A.  D.  Sizes  smaller  than  standard  may  be  the  result  of  depression,  of  counterfeiting,  or  of 
state  manipulation.  Minted  cash  coins  are  sharply  defined  but  cold  m  comparison  with  these  examples  of  unrivaled  fine  casting.  Author's 
Collection. 


was  replaced  by  such  commodities  as 
hemp,  silk,  grains,  and  ingots.  This 
lasted  but  a  short  time  when  the  wu  chu 
reappeared  in  26  A.  D.  Another  short 
return  to  commodities  was  made  in  the 
State  of  Wei  between  221  and  227  A. 
D.  These  two  radical  changes  are  illus- 
trative of  the  fact  that  there  was  no 
slavish  reliance  on  money  in  early  Chi- 
nese society. 

The  Nien  Hao  Series 

The  weight,  place,  or  motto  inscription 
on  the  ch'iens  was  replaced  by  the  nien 
hao  or  reign  mark  which  first  appeared 
with  the  Ch'ien  Feng  Ch'uan  Pao  coin 
in  666  A.  D.  The  Emperor's  name  be- 
ing considered  too  sacred  for  common 
usage,  the  nien  hao  serves  to  designate 
his  reign.  (The  nien  haos  K'ang  Hsi, 
Yung  Cheng,  and  Ch'ien  Lung,  so  often 
used  to  designate  periods  of  Ch'ing  dy- 
nasty art  objects,  mean  respectively  peace- 
ful lustre,  harmonious  rectitude,  and  celes- 
tial support.)  A  more  definite  dating, 
the  cyclical  year,  was  found  on  some 
coins  of  the  Mongol  period,  as  well  as 
some  Ch'ing  dynasty  and  Republican 
coins.  Some  Southern  Sung  Hsien  Ch'- 
un  coins  as  well  as  the  Ch'ing  dynasty 
Kuang  Hsu  dollar  give  the  year  of 
the  reign  also.  The  Republican  coins  are 
generally  dated  by  the  year  of  the  Re- 
public. Nien  Hao  dating  lasted  till  1911. 

The  term  "t'ung  pao"  (universally- 
valid  money)  was  to  my  knowledge,  first 
used  on  coins  of  the  Three  Kingdom, 
when  the  Ching  Yuan  T'ung  Pao  was 
produced  in  260  A.  D.  Besides  "t'ung" 
there  are  many  other  adjectives.  Chia 
Ting  of  the  Southern  Sung  apparently 


attempted  to  exhaust  the  possibilities 
when  he  issued  ch'iens  bearing  some  thir- 
teen modifiers.  Even  so  he  missed  some 
thirteen  others:  chung,  ch'uan,  seng, 
sung,  shing,  shih,  feng,  fu,  ta,  yung,  t'ieh, 
p'ing,  and  chih. 

As  was  stated  above  the  wu  chu  has 
standardized  the  size  of  the  ch'ien,  the  ma- 
jority being  as  large  as  the  wu  chu,  which 
is  somewhere  between  an  American 
quarter  and  a  fifty  cent  piece.  There 
are  a  few  exceptions:  (a)  The  Han 
Hsiang  of  338  A.  D.,  some  pan  liangs, 
and  the  one  wen  cash  of  our  time  are 
about  the  size  of  a  dime.  They  were  often 
the  result  of  a  depression,  (b)  "Large" 
ch'iens,  about  a  half  dollar  in  size. 
These  were  often  produced  at  the  be- 
ginning of  a  dynasty,  to  inspire  the  con- 
fidence of  the  people.  Also,  provincial 
governors  would  send  well-made  large 
ch'iens  to  the  throne  as  "specimens,"  pro- 
ducing ordinary  sized  ones  for  the  masses, 
(c)  "Giant"  sized  ch'iens  are  rare,  and 
were  invaribly  intended  to  be  worth  more 
than  a  cash:  the  ch'un  yu  of  the  South- 
ern Sung,  the  Ta  Chung  of  the  early 
Ming,  and  the  K'ang  Hsi  Chung  Pao, 
the  Hsien  Feng  Worth  a  Hundred,  and 
the  Chia  Ching  Worth  a  Thousand  of 
the  Ch'ing  dynasty. 

The  Passing  of  the  Ch'iens 

Composition  of  coins  varies  enormously. 
Some  are  known  as  red  copper,  being  ap- 
parently mostly  copper,  others  are  known 
as  yellow  brass,  having  a  high  tin  con- 
tent. Typical  ch'iens  are  about  half  cop- 
per, the  remaining  half  being  zinc  with 
_  or  without  a  small  percentage  of  lead 
and  tin.    Some  are  bronze  colored  and  a 


few  have  a  finish  not  unlike  gun  metal, 
called  hei  chi  ku.  Old  ones  often  ac- 
quired beautiful  patina  ranging  from  tur- 
quoise green  to  aquamarine  blue. 

During  the  World  War  when  the  price 
of  copper  was  soaring,  Japanese  who 
realized  that  the  bronze  in  the  cash  coin 
was  worth  more  than  the  coin  itself  pur- 
chased them  by  the  hundreds  of  shiploads 
and  smuggled  them  to  Japan,  draining 
the  country  of  nearly  all  the  cash.  In 
Japan  these  speculators  discovered  that 
the  metal  contained  a  high  percentage 
of  gold,  silver  and  platinum,  because  of 
the  crude  method  of  refining,  and  that 
these  precious  metals  alone  were  worth 
the  price  of  the  coins.  A  huge  fortune 
was  made  by  them,  but  immense  havoc 
was  done  to  the  masses. 

After  serving  the  country  for  over 
2,000  years  the  ch'iens  were  being  elimi- 
nated from  circulation  not  only  by  the 
above  drainage,  but  also  by  the  intro- 
duction of  the  minted  coppers  (or  "pen- 
nies") which  first  came  into  existence  in 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


Gkinele.  W&Ju 

o/  Ant 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


Page  8  CHINESE     DIGEST 

SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


April,   1938 


Lim  P.  Lee 


The  Chinese  In  Tucson,  Arizona 


(In  the  first  part  of  this  article  the 
writer  gave  a  short  summary  of  the  com- 
ming  of  the  Chinese  to  Tucson,  how  they 
went  into  the  truck  gardening  and  groc- 
ery business,  and  a  description  of  the 
early  Chinese  stores.) 

Chinatown 

But  the  sons  and  daughters  of  these 
early  Chinese  store  operators  went  to 
American  schools,  assimilated  the  Ameri- 
can way  of  life  and  livelihood.  Then 
when  they  took  over  their  parents'  busi- 
nesses great  strides  were  made  in  modern- 
izing the  stores  —  cleanliness,  sparkling 
windows,  enlarged  stocks,  tempting  dis- 
plays, and  advertising  in  local  American 
papers.  Today  there  are  60  modern 
groceries,  some  manned  by  entire  families 
and  others  employing  from  ten  to  a 
dozen  people.  Trucks  take  care  of  de- 
liveries to  all  parts  of  the  city. 

All  the  fortunes  and  other  benefits 
which  the  Chinese  men  and  women  in 
Tucson  enjoy  today  many  be  traced  back 
to  the  humble  provision  stores  their  par- 
ents opened  in  the  eighties,  which  grew 
and  expanded  with  the  city. 
Modern   Stores 

The  original  Chinatown  came  into 
being  in  1881.  It  was  not  "one  distinct 
groups  of  building"  but  more  or  less 
distinct  groups  separated  by  three  or 
four  blocks  of  non-Chinese  residences. 
In  an  old  map  of  Tucson  dated  1883 
Chinatown  is  indicated  geographically  by 
the  location  of  the  joss  house,  opium 
dens,   school,   groceries,   and   laundries. 

The  old  community  held  its  own  by 
the  addition  of  new  edifices  every  so 
often,  but  the  Women's  club,  built  in 
1910,  displaced  a  large  portion  of  it,  and 
the  city  hall,  constructed  in  1916,  helped 
to  completely  obliterate  it.  The  inhabit- 
ants of  the  old  Chinatown  maintained 
laundries  and  stores  within  its  boundaries, 
and  many  among  the  populace  were  em- 
ployed as  domestic  servants.  However, 
no  more  than  150  to  200  Chinese  ever 
really  settled  permanently  in  the  old 
Chinatown  as  many  had  their  businesses 
and  homes  scattered  throughout  the  city. 

The  present  Chinatown  covers  four 
blocks  and  has  within  it  several  stores 
selling  Chinese  commodities  and  restaur- 
ants. It  has  an  atmosphere  typical  of 
San  Francisco's  Chinatown,  which  shows 
very   little   life   before   noontime. 


The  oldest  Chinese  restaurant  in  Tuc- 
son today  is  the  Richlieu  cafe  established 
by  Gin  Lung,  Gin  Gong,  and  Yee  Teung. 
Staffed  with  the  relatives  and  cousins 
of  the  owners,  the  Richlieu  has  a  truly 
cosmopolitan  patronage  made  up  of 
American,  Greek,  Negro,  Papago,  and 
Yaqui  Indians,  German,  Armenian,  and 
Syrian  peoples.  Chinese  food  is  the 
Richlieu's  specialty  but  the  "mainstay 
of  their  daily  menu"  is  American  food. 
The  Papago  Indians  who  patronize  this 
cafe  consume  more  bread  at  one  sitting 
than  any  other  race.  It  is  not  unusual  for 
them  to  consume  one  loaf  per  person  at 
one  meal  as  it  tastes  like  cake  to  them. 
Laundries 

The  Chinese  laundry  business,  strange 
to  say,  never  attained  much  progress  in 
Tucson.  The  first  laundries  were  located 
in  old  Chinatown  but  the  buildings  have 
been  razed.  There  used  to  be  three  but 
now  only  two  remain. 

Following  are  business  statistics  of  the 
Chinese  in  this  city: 

Groceries 60 

Restaurants 10 

Laundries    2 

The  amount  of  business  license  fees 
paid  annually  by  Chinese  merchants  is 
around  #3,486. 

Education 

The  first  Chinese  settlers  knew  little  or 
nothing  of  the  English  tongue  and  soon 
realized  that  a  knowledge  of  the  language 
was  a  great  necessity  in  earning  their  live- 
lihood. They  suffered  much  difficulty 
and  at  times  humiliation  when  made  to 
feel  ridiculous  by  some  who  spoke  Eng- 
lish fluently.  However,  while  working  as 
railroad  section  hands,  domestic  servants, 
or  in  grocery  stores  they  managed  to  ac- 
quire a  vocabulary  needed  to  carry  on 
their  occupation  or  business.  Even  at 
the  present  time  many  adult  Chinese  from 
the  old  country  with  no  knowledge  of 
English  readily  learn  essential  phrases 
needed  in  the  grocery  business  —  que 
quires;  no  hay  pelon;  cuesta  tanto;  adios, 
etc. 

The  educational  development  of  the 
Chinese  here  is  closely  allie^  with  the 
church.  They  had  trouble  in  attending 
public  schools  regularly  because  most  of 
their  time  was  taken  up  with  work.  Those 
that  managed  to  reach  the  junior  high 
school  level  were  considered  fortunate. 


First  Night  School 

No  schools  were  conducted  for  adult 
education  until  1910  when  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Burrough,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  at  Tucson,  started  the  first  night 
school  for  Chinese  wishing  to  learn  Eng- 
lish. At  the  suggestion  of  Lee  Park  Lin 
(who  now  lives  in  Oakland,  California) , 
application  was  made  to  the  Woman's 
Baptist  Home  Missionary  society  to  work 
among  the  Chinese.  A  night  school  was 
consequently  established  at  the  church 
and  four  nights  a  week,  classes  were  con- 
ducted in  English,  and  at  times  the  Chris- 
tian gospel  was  also  taught.  This  work 
lasted  10  years,  during  which  time  many 
Chinese  were  converted  and  joined  the 
First  Baptist  church.  Then  the  night 
school  was  discontinued  because  attend- 
ance had  dwindled  to  merely  a  few  peo- 
ple. Today,  however,  many  of  these 
former  adult  students  are  sending  their 
children  to  the  Sunday  school  "at  the 
church.  To  this  same  church  belongs  the 
credit  of  being  the  first  American  organi- 
zation to  take  an  active  interest  in  the 
Chinese. 

The  present-day  children  of  the  pioneer 
Chinese  generation  are  all  enrolled  in 
public  schools  and  are  great  favorites  and 
much  liked  by  their  teachers.  Through 
the  frugality  and  industry  which  their 
parents  practiced,  many  of  the  present 
Chinese  generation  are  able  to  secure  a 
college  education.  The  Chinese  here 
have  been  complimented  on  their  facility 
in  being  able  to  speak  English,  Chinese, 
and  Spanish.  Chinese  is  spoken  in  the 
family;  Spanish  is  spoken  with  their  play- 
mates and  in  business;  and  English  is 
spoken  at  school  and  with  friends. 

Those  not  familiar  with  the  Chinese  in 
Arizona  have  the  assumption  that  thev 
are  far  from  urban  civilization.  The  Tuc- 
sonian  Chinese  are  well  informed  on  cur- 
rent affairs,  national  and  international. 
Some  have  penetrated  the  professional 
fields  of  medicine,  aeronautics,  teaching, 
mining  and  civil  engineering,  and  busi- 
ness administration. 

Tucson  has  never  had  any  move  to- 
ward establishing  a  Jim  Crow  school  for 
Chinese,  as  has  been  the  case  in  a  southern 
state.  Chinese  children  are  loved  by  their 
teachers  in  the  public  schools,  and  the 
latter  have  often  commented  about  how 
well  disciplined,  courteous,  and  intelligent 
they  arc.    James  Yee,  now  a  student  .it 


April,   1935 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


the  Stanford  Medical  school  in  Cali- 
fornia, has  the  distinction  of  being  grad- 
uated among  the  highest  three  in  the 
class  and  becoming  a  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
while  in  his  junior  year.  Seeing  the  names 
of  Chinese  students  on  honor  rolls  either 
in  the  university,  or  in  secondary  or  ele- 
mentary schools  is  not  at  all  unusual. 

Chinese   in   Schools 

The  following  figures  give  approxi- 
mately the  number  of  Chinese  enrolled  in 
Tucson's  public  schools,  including  the 
university: 

Elementary  school  58 

Junior  high  school  17 

Senior  high  school 12 

University  6 

Many  students  have  been  sent  by  the 
Chinese  government  to  matriculate  in  the 
University  of  Arizona  to  study  political 
science,  soil  conservation,  and  meteorol- 
ogy. Much  of  their  interest  is  focused 
in  agriculture,  in  the  study  of  the  prob- 
lem of  arid  land.  Some  of  these  who  have 
attended  the  university  are:  Tin  P.  Kwok, 
who  received  an  A.  B.  in  1924  and  later 
his  M.  A.  and  J.  D.  in  Columbia,  now 
being  a  member  of  the  bar  in  Canton; 
Yee  Hsuelc  Ting  received  his  A.B.  and 
M.  A.  here  and  was  connected  with  the 
ministry  of  finance  at  Nanking;  Chieh 
Sung,  M.  A.,  was  on  the  faculty  of  the 
University  of  Peiping. 

Six  local  youths  have  graduated  from 
the  university.   They  are: 

(1)  James  Yee,  B.  S.,  1934.  Now  at- 
tending Stanford  University  School  of 
Medicine. 

(2)  May  Nelda  Don,  A.  B.,  1934. 
Major  in  physical  education. 

(3)  Maude  Don,  A  .B.,  1934.  Major 
in  business  administration. 

(4)  Horn  Jung,  B.  S.,  1937,  in  mining 
engineering. 

(5)  Sue  Don,  A.  B.,  1937,  in  educa- 
tion. 

(6)  May  Y.  Tom,  A.  B.  in  education. 
In   1919  the  Cnmese  community  was 

jubilant  when  the  first  Chinese  boy,  Don 
S'.  Hoy,  graduated  from  high  school. 
There  was  a  community  celebration  in 
honor  of  that  rare  occasion.  Today, 
C'.inese  are  graduating  from  the  uni- 
versity and  high  schools  in  great  num- 
bers. 

The  Chinese  have  not  neglected  the 
study  of  their  mother  language.  A  native 
language  school  has  been  established  in 
the  Chinese  Evangelical  church  and 
classes  are  held  on  week  days  after  the 
American  school  hours. 


There  used  to  be  a  "mayor  of  China- 
town," but  he  was  in  reality  a  figurehead 
since  he  had  no  legal  power  whatever. 
The  Chinatown,  so-called,  covered  a  dis- 
tance of  four  blocks.  About  twenty  years 
ago  the  majority  of  the  Chinese  lived  right 
in  Chinatown — on  Meyer  and  Main 
streets — which  was  then  the  business  dis- 
trict of  Tucson  and  thickly  populated  by 
Mexicans.  At  the  present  time  the  Chi- 
nese are  scattered  in  all  directions  and  live 
in  nicer  homes.  However,  since  most  of 
them  are  in  the  grocery  business  these 
usually  live  in  the  back  of  their  stores,  al- 
though there  are  some  who  have  their 
homes  separate  from  their  stores. 
Chamber  of  Commerce 

There  is  no  organization  here  similar 
to  the  Six  Companies  in  other  Chinese 
communities,  but  there  is  a  chamber  of 
commerce  with  a  membership  of  50.  This 
was  organized  in  1920  as  a  protective  cor- 
poration for  the  benefit  and  interest  of 
the  Chinese.  It  handles  matters  in  the 
fields  of  immigration,  taxation,  city  and 
state  ordinances  which  might  be  dis- 
criminating against  the  Chinese. 

Legal  protection  for  the  Chinese  is 
also  one  of  the  many  things  which  this 
chamber  handles.  Before  this  organiza- 
tion was  formed  many  Chinese  had  dif- 
ficulty in  obtaining  just  and  adequate 
prosecution  against  thieves  who  looted 
their  stores  and  sometimes  committed 
murder  while  perpetrating  robberies. 
Many  culprits  would  run  across  the 
border  into  Mexico,  which  is  only  60 
miles  away,  and  thus  evaded  the  law. 
The  grievances  of  the  Chinese  were  taken 
to  court  and  justice  was  demanded,  but 
the  law  was  lax.  In  self-protection  many 
Chinese  grocerymen  put  up  bars  over  their 
windows  and  boarded  up  their  doors 
against  unlawful  entries,  but  to  no  avail. 

This  situation  prevailed  for  a  long  time. 
Then  it  was  brought  to  a  climax  when  a 
prominent  Chinese  groceryman  named 
Lee,  while  eating  rice  in  his  store  one 
day,  was  murdered  in  cold  blood.  The  en- 
tire Chinese  populace  called  a  meeting 
and  sought  Louis  G.  Hummel,  a  lawyer, 
for  advice.  They  were  all  apprehensive 
and  fearful  of  what  might  happen  in 
the  near  future  unless  some  real  action 
was  instituted  this  time  to  catch  the 
murderer  of  their  countryman.  Hummel, 
wise  in  the  ways  of  border  justice,  coun- 
seled them  to  post  a  reward  of  $2,000  for 
the  apprehension  of  the  murderer.  The 
amount  was  raised  by  voluntary  contribu- 
tions from  among  the  Chinese  merchants. 
The   law  began   to  grease  its  machinery 


and  before  long  the  culprit  was  captured. 
The  reward  was  paid,  the  prisoner  was 
tried  and  sentenced  to  life  imprisonment. 

After  this  incident  the  Chinese  real- 
ized that  in  order  to  get  action  on  those 
who  took  unlawful  measures  against  them, 
rewards  should  be  posted.  Consequently 
an  organization  was  formed  and  monthly 
contributions  were  made  by  its  members 
to  set  up  and  "perpetuate  a  fund  for  pro- 
tective purposes."  Louis  G.  Hummel  was 
then  appointed  legal  counselor  and  is 
still  active.  Today  if  any  organization 
wants  to  launch  a  campaign  for  money 
among  the  Chinese  it  is  referred  to  Hum- 
mel. If  the  campaign  is  a  worthy  one, 
such  as  funds  for  the  Red  Cross,  Boy 
Scout,  Organized  Charities,  etc.,  the 
stamp  of  approval  is  given  and  money 
is  generously  contributed  by  the  Chinese 
chamber  of  commerce  and  other  Chi- 
nese individuals.  If  the  cause  is  consid- 
ered not  a  worthy  one,  then  all  Chinese 
doors  are  closed. 

The  Chinese  chamber  of  commerce 
has  a  schedule  of  rewards  ranging  from 
$100  to  $500  for  thieves  and  $2000  for 
the  capture  of  murderers.  In  case  a 
murderer  is  not  apprehended  the  reward 
money  is  given  to  the  victim's  family. 

Social  and  Religious  Aspects 
Until  1920  there  were  more  social  and 
fraternal  activities  among  the  inhabitants 
in  Chinatown.  Feasts  and  social  gather- 
ings used  to  be  held  mostly  in  the  Chinese 
Free  Masons  building  (Chee  Kung 
Tong) .  On  some  festival  occasions,  such 
as  Chinese  New  Year,  prominent  Ameri- 
cans would  be  invited.  It  is  to  be  noted 
with  regret  that  these  community  affairs 
are  fast  dying  out. 

The  church  has  always  been  considered 
a  community  center  and  the  history  of 
the  development  of  the  church  for  Chi- 
nese here  is  marked  with  highlights  of 
interest.  The  first  contact  Chinese  had 
with  the  church  was  in  1910  when  some 
of  them  attended  night  schools  at  the 
Baptist  church.  In  the  late  1920's  the 
church  conducted  services  for  the  Chi- 
nese from  3  to  4  each  Sunday.  Miss 
Mary  Fickett,  now  married  and  doing 
missionary  work  in  China,  and  other 
members  of  the  church  volunteered  their 
time  in  teaching  classes  and  the  gospel. 
After  several  years,  however,  interest  be- 
gan to  lag  and  some,  fearing  that  the 
services  would  be  stopped  entirely,  ar- 
ranged to  conduct  them  in  the  evening 
in  the  Chinese  chamber  of  commerce  on 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


Page    10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


LABOR   STRIKE   IN  CHINATOWN 
OFFICIAL  STATEMENTS  OF 
PARTIES  INVOLVED 

(Editor's  Note: — The  first  organized, 
large  scale  labor  strike  between  China- 
town workers  and  Chinatown  employers 
occurred  here  recently,  a  fact  which  is 
history  making  in  the  life  of  the  Chinese 
in  America.  On  the  morning  of  Feb.  26, 
193S,  the  newly  organized  Chinese  La- 
dies Garment  Workers,  an  affiliate  of  the 
International  Ladies  Garment  Workers' 
union,  declared  a  strike  against  China- 
town's largest  garment  factory  at  720 
Washington  street,  and  pickets  of  the 
Chinese  local  were  thrown  around  the 
place.  At  the  same  time  picket  lines  were 
also  thrown  around  three  units  of  the  Na- 
tional Dollar  Stores,  a  chain  dry-goods 
firm  with  two  score  branches  in  several 
states,  in  this  city.  Employees  of  the 
Dollar  Stores,  who  were  members  of  the 
Retail  Clerks'  union,  refused  to  pass  the 
picket  lines,  and  the  three  stores  as  well 
as  the  factory  all  suspended  operation. 

(In  order  to  secure  the  pro  and  con 
views  on  this  situation,  spokesmen  of  the 
parties  concerned  were  requested  by  the 
Chinese  Digest  to  state  their  positions  in 
this  labor  dispute.  The  following  state- 
ments from  the  National  Dollar  Stores, 
Ltd.,  the  Golden  Gate  Manufacturing 
company,  and  the  Chinese  Local  No.  341 
of  the  I.  L.  G.  W.  U.  are  authorized 
for  exclusive  publication  in  this  journal. 
These  statements  are  herein  released  for 
the  first  time  and  the  parties  involved 
may  now  read  each  other's  views.  These 
statements  have  been  secured  for  publica- 
tion here  in  the  interests  of  frank  and 
impartial  discussion. 

(The  importance  of  this  present  labor 
dispute  may  be  gauged  by  the  fact  that 
the  livelihood  of  several  hundred  Chinese 
workers  and  their  families  is  being  jeop- 
ardized. Unless  the  matter  is  settled  soon, 
it  will  have  immense  adverse  effects  on 
the  Chinese  community's  economic  life.) 

The  National  Dollar  Stores,  Ltd. 
(Statement) 

The  National  Dollar  Stores,  Ltd., 
chain  store  operators,  operating  their 
stores  and  a  warehouse  in  San  Francisco, 
was  forced  to  close  three  units  as  a  result 


CERTIFIED  CLEANERS  &  DYEBS 

'When  the  Certified  Cleans  it  is  Clean' 

Phones  PRospect  1302  &  1303 
766  Post  St.  San  Francisco 


TWO  GENERATIONS,  BUT  ONE  PURPOSE— PICKETING 
Among  the  159  or  so  women  garment  factory  workers  who  recently  called  a  strike  for 
higher  wages  and  guarantee  of  steady  work  are  young  and  older  women  of  Chinatown's  im- 
migrant and  American-born  generations.  Of  these,  scores  have  been  put  on  picketing  duty 
while  their  union  and  their  employers  negotiate  for  settlement  of  the  strike.  The  above  picture 
shows  two  of  these  pickets,  the  one  on  the  left  being  American-born  and  typically  American  in 
dress  and  coiffure,  while  the  woman  on  the  right  is  typical  of  the  older  generation,  from  her 
Chinese  slippers  and  earrings,  to  the  way  she  has  her  hair  fixed.  <  Read  story  of  the  strike 
on  this  page.) 


of  a  picket  line  that  has  been  established 
by  members  of  the  International  Ladies 
Garment  Workers'  union,  an  affiliate  of 
the  C.  I.  O.,  although  all  of  the  stores  and 
warehouse  workers  are  members  of  the 
Retail  Clerks  union,  Local  1100. 

On  Jan.  24,  1938,  the  I.  L.  G.  W.  U. 
entered  into  negotiations  with  the  Na- 
tional Dollar  Stores  affecting  only  the 
factory  workers  at  720  Washington 
street.  While  these  negotiations  were  go- 
ing on,  there  were  other  negotiations  be- 
tween the  National  Dollar  Stores  and 
other  parties  for  the  sale  of  the  factory, 
and  on  Feb.  8,  1938,  this  factory  was 
sold  to  a  group  of  men  who  decided  to  do 
business  under  the  name  of  Golden  Gate 
Manufacturing  Co. 

There  was  no  deception  practiced  by 
the  National  Dollar  Stores  since  the 
union  was  advised  of  these  pending  nego- 
tians  and  the  final  sale  of  Feb.  8,  1938. 

Prior  to  this  sale,  the  National  Dollar 
Stores  had  agreed  with  the  union  to  make 


retroactive  to  Jan.  24,  1938,  any  increase 
in  salaries  that  might  be  agreed  upon. 
Coincidently  with  the  sale,  the  National 
Dollar  Stores  agreed  with  the  Golden 
Gate  Manufacturing  Co.  that  in  the 
event  the  Golden  Gate  Manufactur- 
ing Co.  reached  an  agreement  with 
the  union  involving  higher  wages,  the 
National  Dollar   Stores   would   pay   the 


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April,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   11 


CHINATOWNIA 


difference  between  the  higher  wages  dur- 
ing Jan.  24  to  Feb.  8,  1938. 

As  soon  as  the  union  was  informed  of 
the  sale,  they  took  the  position  that  the 
sale  was  not  in  good  faith  and  declined  to 
negotiate  with  the  Golden  Gate  Manu- 
facturing Co.,  unless  the  National  Dol- 
lar Stores  agreed  to  buy  all  of  its  require- 
ments from  the  Golden  Gate  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  up  to  its  full  manufacturing  ca- 
pacity, and  that  the  National  Dollar 
Stores  participate  in  and  guarantee  all 
agreements  that  might  be  concluded  be- 
tween the  Golden  Gate  Manufacturing 
Co.  and  the  union. 

An  impasse  having  been  reached  be- 
tween the  union  and  the  National  Dol- 
lar Stores,  the  union  resumed  negotiations 
with  the  Golden  Gate  Manufacturing 
Co.  and  demanded  a  guarantee  to  the 
union  that  it  would  employ  the  workers 
in  the  factory  for  not  less  than  eleven 
months  during  the  next  calendar  year  and 
in  order  to  insure  performance  of  this 
agreement  the  union  demanded  a  guaran- 
tee deposit  of  $10,000.  To  such  a  de- 
mand the  Golden  Gate  Manufacturing 
Co.  refused  to  yield. 

By  reason  of  this  position  the  factory 
workers  established  a  picket  line  in  front 
of  the  stores  and  warehouses  of  the  Na- 
tional Dollar  Stores  in  San  Francisco 
and  as  soon  as  this  picket  line  was  es- 
tablished the  members  of  the  retail  clerks 
union  who  were  employees  of  the  stores 
and  warehouses  declined  to  pass  through 
the  picket  line  and  since  Feb.  26,  1938, 
the  National  Dollar  Stores  have  been 
closed. 

All  of  the  pickets  marching  up  and 
down  in  front  of  the  stores  inform  passers- 
by  that  the  National  Dollar  Stores  is  the 
owner  of  the  factory,  when  the  fact  is 
that  it  is  not. 

The  fact  that  a  bona  fide  sale  was 
made  by  us  to  the  Golden  Gate  Manu- 
facturing Co.  is  susceptible  of  demonstra- 
tion by  records  in  the  office  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  State,  in  the  office  of  the  county 
clerk  in  San  Francisco,  and  in  the  office 
of  the  Corporation  commissioner  of  the 
State  of  California. 
The  Golden  Gate  Manufacturing  Co. 
(Statement) 

The  Golden  Gate  Manufacturing  com- 
pany was  organized  in  the  early  part  of 
February,  1938,  with  G.  N.  Wong,  as 
president,  Hoo  Joe  Sun  as  vice  president 
and  treasurer,  Wong  Goon  Dick,  Ng 
Doon  Foon,  Albert  K.  Chow,  and  others 
as  directors.   This  was  registered  in  Feb- 


ruary, 1938,  with  the  Secretary  of  State 
of  California  as  a  corporation  to  do  busi- 
ness in  the  state  as  a  manufacturer  of 
ladies'  wearing  apparel  and  to  sell  direct- 
ly to  retailers. 

The  company  bought  the  factory  at 
720  Washington  St.,  from  the  National 
Dollar  Stores,  Ltd.,  at  San  Francisco  on 
Feb.  8,  1938,  and  continued  to  operate 
the  factory  and  conduct  normal  operations 
without  ceasing  since  the  purchase.  On 
Feb.  26,  1938,  at  8  a.  m.  the  Chinese 
Ladies  Garment  Workers'  union,  an  affili- 
ate of  the  I.  L.  G.  W.  U.,  declared  a 
strike  and  picketed  our  factory. 

Since  the  purchase  of  the  factory  the 
company  has  always  been  willing  to  ne- 
gotiate with  the  Chinese  Ladies  Garment 
union,  and  we  have  no  disputes  with  any 
of  our  employees. 

The  Chinese  Local  of  the  I.  L.  G.  W.  U. 
(Statement) 

The  Chinese  Ladies  Garment  Workers' 
union  welcomes  the  kind  offer  of  the 
Chinese  Consolidated  Benevolent  associa- 
tion (Chinese  Six  Companies)  to  lend  its 
good  offices  in  an  attempt  to  solve  the 
labor  dispute  between  the  National  Dol- 
lar Stores,  the  so-called  Golden  Gate 
Manufacturing  Co.,  and  the  workers  now 
on  strike  for  living  conditions.  We  are 
eager  as  is  the  Chinese  Consolidated  Be- 
nevolent association  for  an  amicable  and 
just  settlement. 

The  main  issue  at  stake  in  this  strike  is 
whether  the  workers  of  Chinatown  are 
to  be  supplied  with  work,  or  whether  they 
are  to  be  deprived  of  their  livelihood. 

The  workers  are  certain  this  obviously 
fictitious  sale  of  the  National  Dollar  was 
solely  for  the  purpose  of  freezing  them 
out  of  their  job.  To  protect  the  workers 
in  their  need  of  employment,  the  Chinese 
Ladies  Garment  Workers'  union  asked 
the  National  Dollar  Stores  to  give  the 
union  guarantee  that  it  would  buy  from 
the  Golden  Gate — from  its  own  people, 
before  it  would  buy  merchandise  else- 
where. This,  the  National  Dollar  flatly 
refused.  It  is  on  this  point,  rather  than 
on  any  other,  that  the  Chinese  Ladies 
Garment  Workers  are  striking. 

In  the  hope  of  reaching  some  sort  of 
satisfactory  agreement  without  a  strike, 
the  union  however  did  meet  with  the 
Golden  Gate,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  we 
were  convinced  that  they  were  not  the 
real  owners.  From  the  Golden  Gate  Man- 
ufacturing company  we  demanded  that 
we  must  have  some  sort  of  guarantee  that 
the  workers  will  be  kept  working.    We 


asked  for  an  eleven  months'  guarantee, 
and  for  a  cash  security,  since  by  their 
own  admission,  the  firm  was  not  one  that 
had  financial  capacity  to  guarantee  a  con- 
tinued period  of  employment. 

The  attorney  for  the  Golden  Gate 
agreed  with  us  that  the  principle  of  time 
guarantee  was  a  practical  and  sound  one 
economically,  but  he  did  not  see  how  the 
Golden  Gate  could  guarantee  that  amount 
of  time.  He  suggested  that  he  would, 
however,  work  out  some  form  of  aggre- 
gate hour  guarantee  and  submit  it  to  the 
firm  with  his  recommendation.  At  this 
meeting,  on  Feb.  24,  our  representative 
agreed  to  reliquish  any  request  for  cash 
security. 

We  told  the  firm — in  fact,  we  told  both 
firms,  that  so  far  as  wages  were  con- 
cerned, the  Union  would  be  very  pleased 
to  consider  a  compromise. 

At  no  time  did  we  have  any  offer  from 
the  firm  to  meet  any  of  the  workers'  de- 
mands for  a  better  living!  On  the  con- 
trary, the  firm  resorted  to  what  all  de- 
cent citizens  should  resent,  it  resorted  to 
a  so-called  sale  of  its  factory!  The  Na- 
tional Dollar  "sold"  its  factory  to  whom? 
Joe  Sun,  the  factory  foreman,  and  G.  N. 
Wong,  the  National  Dollar  Stores  man- 
ager suddenly  blossomed  out  as  the  new 
"owners"! 

We  reiterate:  The  problem  at  issue  is 
one  of  guarantee  that  work  will  remain 
in  Chinatown.  The  union  supports  the 
workers  in  this  fair  demand  to  the  full. 
The  strike  will  remain  as  long  as  neces- 
sary to  obtain  the  protection  that  the 
Chinese  people  must  have  for  their  very 
lives!  The  union  will  be  glad  to  compro- 
mise on  wages.  But  the  National  Dollar 
insists  that  it  wants  to  be  free  to  buy  else- 
where before  supplying  the  Chinese  work- 


Join    the   Easter    Parade 


British  Longue  Model  Suit 

MARKET  AT  STOCKTON 
HENRY  SHUE  TOM 

Chinese  Salesman  &  Representative 
Fourth  Floor 


Page    12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,   1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


ers  with  work,  as  a  disciplinary  measure 
because  the  Chinese  workers  joined  a 
union  for  collective  bargaining. 

(A  restraining  order  was  granted  to 
the  National  Dollar  Stores  on  March  19, 
1938,  by  the  Superior  Court  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  the  picket  lines  were  removed 
from  the  three  National  Dollar  stores, 
while  picketing  is  being  continued  at  the 
factory  on  720  Washington  street.)  The 
I.  L.  G.  W.  U.  commented: 

"That  will  only  intensify  the  fight! 
The  fact  that  the  National  Dollar  Stores 
resorted  to  the  hated  anti-labor  weapon, 
the  restraining  order,  as  protection  against 
its  own  Chinese  workers,  will  not  help  the 
friendly  feeling  that  organized  labor  has 
for  the  present  unfortunate  struggle  of 
the  Chinese  in  their  home  against  their 
aggressor.  Calling  for  an  injunction  may 
temporarily  remove  pickets,  but  it  never 
solves  a  labor  problem." 

o 

CHINESE  EDITOR  AWARDED$l/000 
FOR  BEATING  BY  POLICEMEN 

San  Francisco — Liang  Chow-Kit  is  the 
venerable  editor  of  the  second  oldest  exist- 
ing Chinese  language  daily  in  this  city, 
the  Chinese  World  (Sai  Gai  Yat  Po), 
founded  by  constitutional  monarchist 
Kang  Yu-wei,  in  1899.  As  a  molder  of 
public  opinion  Mr.  Liang  is  considered 
one  of  Chinatown's  most  respected  citi- 
zens. 

Last  Chinese  New  Year,  it  seemed,  Mr. 
Liang,  staunch  conservative  that  he  is, 
had  a  little  party  at  his  home  to  cele- 
brate the  occasion.  However,  while  he 
was  making  merry,  his  neighbors  com- 
plained to  the  police  that  he  was  drunk 
and  creating  a  disturbance.  In  the  name 
of  the  law  Mr.  Liang  was  arrested. 

But  last  month  editor  Liang  triumphed 
over  what  he  considered  an  act  of  in- 
justice. He  charged  the  two  policemen 
who  took  him  in  custody  with  false  ar- 
rest and  also  charged  that  he  was  beaten 
by  them.  In  Judge  G.  Conlan's  court  he 
was  awarded  a  $1,000  verdict. 

L.  A.  CHINESE 
CLUBS  UNITE 

Los  Angeles — Seventeen  young  peo- 
ple's groups  here  have  recently  joined 
forces  and  formed  the  Los  Angeles  Fed- 
eration of  Chinese  clubs.  Like  the  organ- 
ization of  the  same  name  (the  two  are  not 
inter-related)  established  in  San  Francisco 
last  October,  the  Federation  here  came 
into  existence  in  response  to  the  crisis 
in  China  and  the  need  for  raising  relief 


funds  for  war  refugees  in  the  battle-torn 
sections  of  China. 

The  purpose  of  this  Federation  was  ex- 
plained in  a  special  mimeographed  bul- 
letin recently.  Abstracts:  "Our  elders 
long  before  have  coordinated  themselves 
into  a  centralized  society  ...  to  under- 
take with  greater  effectiveness  the  heavy 
tasks  of  relief,  medical  aid,  etc.  .  .  . 
Unity  is  the  watchword.  .  .  .  The  L.  A. 
Chinese  youth  groups,  uniting  (in  a) 
Federation,  have  taken  a  decisive  step  in 
the  correct  direction.  Upon  such  a  basis 
we  shall  be  in  a  position  to  plan  con- 
certed action  to  aid  the  Chinese  cause." 

Chairman  of  the  F.  C.  C.'s  provisional 
executive  committee  is  Ernest  Chinn,  and 
other  officers  include  Bill  Got,  Bernice 
Louie,  and  Tom  Jock  Young.  First  ac- 
tivity of  this  organization  was  a  youth 
rally  held  on  March  19. 

o 

SEATTLE  WOMEN  HOLD 
SUCCESSFUL  BENEFIT  SHOW 

Seattle,  Wash.  —  Two  performances 
of  a  Chinese  classical  drama  were  given 
by  the  Chinese  Women's  club  here  on 
March  12  and  13  for  war  relief  benefit. 
With  many  tickets  selling  as  high  as  $10 
each  and  foodstuffs  donated  for  sale, 
the  show  netted  $2000.  Capacity  crowds 
attended  the  performances,  coming  from 
all  sections  of  Seattle. 

Members  who  were  active  in  the  sale 
of  tickets  included  Mrs.  S.  C.  Dong,  Mrs. 
Emory  Chow,  Mrs.  Sam  Luke,  Mrs. 
Louie  Loy,  Mrs.  Lew  Soun,  and  Mrs. 
Moy  Ling. 

MISSISSIPPI  CHINESE  AT 
LAST  HAVE  OWN  SCHOOL 

Cleveland,  Miss. — For  almost  two  years 
the  1500  Chinese  in  this  state,  as  well  as 
numerous  Americans,  have  been  called 
upon  to  contribute  funds  toward  building 
a  Chinese  school  to  give  American  and 
Chinese  education  to  children  who  have 
heretofore  found  it  difficult  to  acquire 
learning  because  of  legislative  discrimi- 
nation. 

Recently  the  hopes  of  these  Chinese 
were  realized  when  their  school  building 
was  finished  and  ready  to  receive  pupils. 
However,  there  were  little  funds  for  nec- 
essary classroom  equipment  and  dormi- 
tory facilities. 

Last  month,  therefore,  those  who  had 
worked  actively  to  bring  this  project  to 
a  completion  set  out  once  again  to  raise 
some  extra  funds.  So  far  over  a  thou- 
sand dollars  has  been  raised. 


NEW  YORK 
NEWS  NOTES 

The  General  Relief  Fund  campaign 
here  to  obtain  money  for  medical  and 
other  aids  to  China  has  netted  $14,500  at 
this  writing.  On  March  13  and  14  two 
benefit  Chinese  opera  shows  were  given, 
sponsored  by  the  On  Leong  society.  The 
performers  with  one  exception  were  se- 
lected from  the  ranks  of  the  Chinese 
Patriotic  league,  the  Jeune  Doc  club  and 
the  Quon  Oy  club.  The  exception  was 
little  12-year-old  Edward  Chan,  who  is 
considered  quite  a  rising  juvenile  actor. 
Another  feature  of  interest  in  the  pro- 
gram was  the  appearance  of  Joseph  Rein- 
hart,  or  Fung  Kwock  Keung,  the  19- 
year-old  American  boy  who  was  brought 
up  by  Chinese  in  China  (Chinese  Di- 
gest for  February) . 


The  Chinese  Consolidated  Benevolent 
association  held  its  biennial  election  last 
month  and  selected  the  community's  eld- 
ers for  the  next  two  years.  Mr.  Franklin 
Wong,  an  alumnus  of  both  the  Uni- 
versity of  California  and  of  Columbia, 
was  elected  president,  succeeding  Paul 
T.  Lieu.  F.  C.  Lee  became  Chinese  secre- 
tary, and  Moy  Kam,  English  secretary. 


MRS.  ROOSEVELT 
VISITS  CHINATOWN 
NURSERY  AND  BAZAAR 

San  Francisco — At  the  Chinese  Y.  W. 
C.  A.  here,  965  Clay  street,  is  a  Chinese 
nursery  school  with  an  enrollment  of  3'' 
and  conducted  as  an  educational  project 
of  the  Works  Progress  administration, 
one  of  six  such  schools  in  the  entire 
city. 

To  this  place  one  day  last  month  came 
a  distinguished  visitor,  none  other  than 
Mrs.  Franklin  Delano  Roosevelt,  wife  of 
the  U.  S.  President.  And  with  her  was 
her  secretary,  Mrs.  Malvina  Scheider, 
Mr.  George  Creel,  U.  S.  Commissioner 
for  the  1939  Golden  Gate  International 
exposition,  and  Mr.  Lawton,  W.  P.  A. 
official. 

Oblivious  that  a  great  personage  was 
coming  to  see  them  the  tots  were  busv 
at  their  play  when  Mrs.  Roosevelt,  tall, 
slim,  dressed  in  heather  blue  tweed  suit, 
fuchsia  blouse  and  silver  fox  neckpiece, 
entered  their  room.  But  to  the  almond- 
eyed  youngsters  the  First  Ladv  was  just 
another  visitor. 


April,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   13 


CHINATOWNIA 


"LADY  PRECIOUS  STREAM"  ENACTED  BY  ALL-CHINESE  CAST 
Portland,  Ore. — Shih  I.  Hsiung's  English  adaptation  of  "Lady  Precious  Stream,"  an  old 
Chinese  drama  depicting  the  ways  of  a  maid  with  a  man  in  ancient  China,  was  given  here 
on  April  1  and  2  by  members  of  the  Oregon  Chinese  Students  Association.  The  play  was 
sponsored  by  the  Portland  China  Relief  committee  and  the  proceeds  went  for  war  relief  in 
China. 

The  picture  above  shows  June  Dove  Wong  ond  Wallace  Chin,  who  played  the  leading 
parts  of  Lady  Precious  Stream  and  Hsieh  Ping-Kuei  respectively.  Others  in  the  cast  included 
Elaine  Hong,  Edith  Leong,  May  Seid,  Phillip  Jan,  James  Wu,  Harding  Chin,  and  Madeline  Chin. 


Wrote  Mrs.  Roosevelt  next  day  in  her 
syndicated  column,  "My  Day":  ".  .  . 
we  visited  a  nursery  school  .  .  .  for  little 
Chinese-Americans.  Characteristic  ar- 
rangements of  water  and  flowers,  which 
only  Oriental  people  seem  to  be  able  to 
produce,  have  given  their  building  great 
charm.  The  children  seemed  happy  and 
the  same  regime  is  carried  as  in  any  other 
nursery  school.  All  their  mothers  work, 
so  this  school  is  a  real  help  to  them." 

Head  teacher  of  the  Chinese  nursery 
school  is  Mrs.  Mildred  Tomsik,  with  Mrs. 
Mildred  McKenna  as  assistant  teacher, 
and  Miss  Rose  Giacomazzi,  R.  N.,  as 
nurse.  How  highly  the  school  is  thought 
of  by  its  sponsor  is  reflected  in  the  fol- 
lowing sentence  from  the  annual  report 
of  the  W.  P.  A.  education  program  for 
the  state  of  California,  recently  released: 
"The  Chinatown  nursery  school  in  San 
Francisco  is  frequently  used  throughout 
the  nation  as  a  model  type  of  school." 


One  other  place  Mrs.  Roosevelt  visited 
while  she  was  in  Chinatown.  This  was  a 
bazaar  from  which  she  had  made  pur- 
chases on  previous  visits  to  this  city.  She 
had  a  few  bewildered  moments  trying 
to  remember  where  the  bazaar  was  until 
a  Chinese  Digest  staff  member  came 
along  and  respectfully  conducted  her  to 
her  destination.  (See  The  Chinatownian 
Roams  Around.) 

CHINESE  YOUTHS  AIDED 
BY  PUBLIC  APPEAL  NOW 
FIND  WORLD  GOOD 
PLACE  TO  LIVE  IN 

San  Francisco  —  Last  Christmas  the 
S.  F.  Chronicle,  seeking  to  emulate  the 
journalistic  social  service  work  performed 
by  the  N.  Y.  Times  over  a  quarter  of  a 
century,  went  into  consultation  with  nu- 
merous social  work  agencies  in  the  city. 
Its  purpose  was  to  find  45  "neediest 
cases"  which  needed  special  financial  help, 


over  and  above  those  already  given  by 
these  agencies, — cases  in  which  rehabili- 
tation was  possible  with  a  little  extra  fund 
at  the  disposal  of  the  agencies.  For 
these  cases  the  Chronicle  was  to  make  a 
public  appeal  to  its  readers  for  contribu- 
tions, setting  forth  the  problems,  their 
methods  of  treatment,  and  the  financial 
assistance  needed  to  accomplish  the  work. 

When  the  45  cases  were  selected  they 
included  three  which  concerned  Chinese 
— a  nine-year-old  boy  with  a  rheumatic 
heart,  an  invalid  youth,  and  a  young 
girl  who  needed  special  help  in  order  to 
start  her  university  education.  They  were 
all  cases  known  to  social  agencies  for 
some  time.  The  Chronicle  listed  them  as 
cases  number  34,  16,  and  32,  respectively. 

Case  number  34  concerned  nine-year- 
old  Jefferson,  who  had  eight  brothers  and 
sisters  (one  of  them  tubercular)  and  the 
total  income  of  whose  parents  is  less 
than  $100  a  month.  Jefferson's  heart, 
crippled  by  rheumatic  fever,  his  little  body 
undernourished,  could  hardly  walk. 
He  needed  bed  care  and  the  proper  gen- 
eral supervision  of  his  various  other 
needs  for  at  least  a  year.  The  budget  for 
this  was  set  at  $240. 

Case  number  16  was  that  of  a  young 
boy,  Dan  Wong,  who  came  from  China 
not  very  long  ago  and  who  had  been 
made  an  invalid  by  a  cruel  accident.  Dan 
wanted  to  master  English  so  he  could 
write  stories. 

Case  number  32  was  that  of  Clara,  an 
American-born  girl  who  dreamt  of  a 
medical  career  as  a  surgeon.  But  to 
learn  surgery  takes  years  and  a  great 
amount  of  money,  and  her  father  was  a 
hopeless  invalid,  her  mother  always  sick- 
ly, and  there  were  several  younger 
brothers  and  sisters.  She  had  worked  her 
way  through  high  school,  graduating 
with  high  marks,  and  she  was  willing  to 
work  her  way  through  the  university.  But 
no    amount    of    part-time    employment 


fTlary's  (offee  Shop 

A  NAME 

YOU   SHOULD   KNOW! 

Come  in  for 
Delicious  Food 

667  Jackson  San   Francisco 


F> 


Page   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


could  finance  her  medical  education  un- 
less there  was  a  little  reserve  fund  to 
pay  tor  costly  textbooks  and  equip- 
ment. For  these  at  least  $240  was  needed 
to  carry  her  through  the  next  two  years. 

These  were  the  three  out  of  45  cases 
which  the  Chronicle  presented  to  the  pub- 
lic for  financial  contributions.  And  the 
budgets  were  met  by  donations  of  men 
and  women  from  all  walks  of  life. 

That  was  more  than  three  months 
ago.  Now  what  has  happened  to  these 
three  Chinese  cases?  Little  Jefferson  was 
placed  in  a  foster  home  in  January.  He  is 
getting  good  medical  care  and  is  improv- 
ing marvelously.  Reported  the  Chron- 
icle: "Love  and  interest  and  intelligent 
care  were  your  gifts  to  this  little  boy 
who  is  beginning  to  realize  that  life  is 
fine  and  that  courage  is  built  on  physical 
well  being." 

With  the  budget  subscribed  for  him, 
Dan  Wong  has  been  getting  special 
coaching  in  English;  and  a  typewriter, 
dictionaries,  and  other  equipment  of 
learning  have  been  purchased  for  him. 

As  for  Clara,  she  is  now  taking  her 
medical  course  at  college  and  working 
for  her  room  and  board.  The  budget  that 
was  subscribed  for  her  is  going  for  tui- 
tion, laboratory  fees,  and  books. 

Through  this  philanthropic  effort  the 
Chronicle  has  brought  a  measure  of  hap- 
piness to  three  young  Chinatownians  and 
has  given  them  hopes  for  a  brighter 
future. 


ALLIANCE  MUTUAL 

LIFE  INSURANCE  CO. 

J.  WAYNE  HARRISON 
Executive   Vice   President 


ALEX  J.  FASO      H.  L  DONG 


General  Agent 


Manager 


939  Stockton  St 
EXbrook  2359  San  Francisco 


TWO  CHAMBERS  OF  COMMERCE 
PLEDGE  SUPPORT  OF  CHINA- 
TOWN  BEAUTIFICATION 
PROGRAM 

San  Francisco — The  program  to  beau- 
tify Chinatown  for  the  1939  Golden 
Gate  exposition  (Chinese  Digest  for 
March)  received  the  full  support  of  the 
S.  F.  chamber  of  commerce  recently. 
This  support  was  voiced  in  a  letter  to 
the  Chinese  chamber  of  commerce  after 
the  latter  body  had  informed  the  former 
of  its  projected  plan  to  work  for  the 
transformation  of  St.  Mary's  square  into 
a  Chinese  garden.  In  a  letter  to  the  Chi- 
nese chamber  executives,  Charles  Page, 
vice  president  of  the  S.  F.  C.  C,  said: 

"So  great  an  asset  is  Chinatown  to 
San  Francisco  that,  if  Chinatown  were  to 
lose  any  of  its  quaint  charm  through 
modernization,  San  Francisco  would  lose 
proportionately  some  of  the  individuality 
that  has  characterized  this  city  for  many 
years. 

"It  was  with  graditude,  therefore,  that 
the  San  Francisco  chamber  of  commerce 
learned  of  the  Chinese  chamber's  leading 
part  in  the  11 -point  program  designed  to 
erase  the  tendencies  toward  moderniza- 
tion and  Occidentalization  that  have 
been  manifested  in  certain  sections  of 
Chinatown." 

Commenting  on  this  letter  the  S.  F. 
Call-Bulletin  in  an  editorial  said:  "If 
the  program,  as  planned,  be  realized 
Chinatown  will  be  a  world's  exposition 
in  itself." 

At  the  same  time  Victoria  Chin,  stu- 
dent at  the  Francisco  junior  high  school, 
wrote  a  "Model  Beautification  Program" 
for  the  city's  homes  which  was  sent  to 
Dr.  Adolph  Schmidt,  chairman  of  the 
Citizen's  City  Beautiful  committee.  The 
program  included  the  following  pledges 
to  improve  the  beauty  of  the  home  by: 
keeping  clean  windows  and  curtains,  hav- 
ing it  painted,  using  window  boxes,  clean- 
ing out  attics,  basements,  garages  and 
back  yards,  repairing  fences,  planting 
lawns  and  gardens,  having  frequent  and 
proper  garbage  removal,  and  keeping 
streets  and  sidewalks  clean. 
o 

WORKS  BY  HAWAII 
CHINESE  ARTISTS  SHOWN 

Honlulu,  T.  H. — Works  of  five  local 
Chinese  painters  and  water  colorists  were 
exhibited  alongside  many  local  Ameri- 
can artists  last  month  at  the  Honolulu 
Academy  of  Arts. 


An  oil  painting  by  John  Young  won 
the  exhibition's  second  prize.  Hon  Chew 
Hee  displayed  a  fresco  of  Hawaiian 
forms  entitled  "Na  Pomaikai  No  Ka 
Aina";  Wah  Min  Chang  had  two  well- 
drawn  portraits,  while  S.  Y.  Ing  entered 
a  water  color  called  "Torch  Ginger." 
Reuben  Tarn,  who  both  writes  poetry 
and  paints  (See  Chi.  Dig.,  February, 
1938),  was  represented  by  two  pictures. 
Of  his  work  Alf  Hurum,  president  of  the 
Association  of  Honolulu  Artists,  had  this 
to  say: 

"A  new  name  among  artists,  which  in 
the  future  will  have  to  be  reckoned  with, 
is  that  of  Reuben  Tarn.  The  color  in 
both  of  his  pictures  is  cultivated  and  re- 
strained." 


A  RADIO  PROGRAM— 
FROM  INSIDE  CHINESE 
SIX  COMPANIES 

San  Francisco — For  three  quarters  of  a 
century  no  proceedings  in  the  assembly 
room  of  the  Chinese  Benevolent  Consoli- 
dated association  here  have  ever  been 
aired.  That  is,  it  has  never  known  a  na- 
tionwide radio  broadcast  aired  from  its 
santum  sanctorum. 

Last  month,  however,  this  very  thing 
happened.  Jerry  Belcher,  who  conducts 
the  "Interesting  Neighbors"  weekly  pro- 
gram over  the  N.  B.  C.  network,  moved 
his  microphone  into  the  Six  Companies 
council  table  and  interviewed  half  a  doz- 
en old  and  young  Chinatownians  on  such 
subjects  as  the  origin  of  the  Six  Com- 
panies, the  Chinese  tongs  and  the  Ameri- 
can-born Chinese  youths.  It  was  the 
second  time  within  a  year  that  Jerry  Bel- 
cher broadcasted  from  Chinatown — a  rare 
occurrence  in  his  program. 

Those  who  participated  in  this  half- 
hour  program  included  Victor  K.  Kwong, 
Churchill  Chiu,  Daisy  K.  Wong,  Wong 
Goon  Dick,  Lim  P.  Lee,  T.  Y.  Tang, 
Wm.  Jack  Chow  and  Catherine  and  Pa- 
tricia Joe. 


NEW  RESTAURANT 
CONTRIBUTES  INITIAL 
EARNINGS  FOR  RELIEF 

San  Francisco — When  the  Tao  Lee 
Yuan  Chinese  restaurant  opened  here 
last  month  it  announced  that  $150  of  its 
first  income,  equivalent  to  $500  Chinese 
money,  would  be  donated  for  war  relief. 
In  24  hours  this  sum  was  earned  and  m 
turned  over  to  the  China  War  Relief  as- 
sociation. 


X:& 


.SV&- 


April,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  15 


CHINATOWNIA 


DAILY  PAPER  TO  HAVE 
WEEKLY  PICTORIAL 

San  Francisco — The  "Young  China," 
Chinese  language  daily  newspaper  here, 
organ  of  the  Kuomintang,  will  inaugurate 
a  weekly  pictorial  section  beginning  April 
3.  The  section  will  carry  pictures  of  the 
Sino-Japanese  war  taken  by  both  Chinese 
and  foreign  photographers  in  the  war 
zones,  and  will  have  Chinese  and  English 
explanations. 

o 

ANNA  MAY  WONG  MOVES 
AWAY  FROM  JAPANESE  GARDEN 

Hollywood — Because  of  the  present 
Sino-Japanese  conflict,  anything  Japanese 
has  become  anathema  to  Anna  May 
Wong,  Chinese  actress. 

Up  until  last  month  Miss  Wong  lived 
in  an  apartment  overlooking  a  Japanese 
garden.  This  was  perfectly  all  right  since 
she  did  not  have  any  dealings  with  any 
Japanese,  but  it  became  a  source  of  con- 
siderable annoyance  when  Miss  Wong's 
friends  and  visitors  constantly  called  her 
attention  to  it. 

So    last    month    the    Chinese    actress 
moved   to   another   part   of   Hollywood, 
away  from  any  Japanese  influence. 
o 

$50,000  CHINESE 
RESTAURANT  OPENS 

Honolulu,  T.  H. — Conceived  in  Chi- 
nese architectural  style,  Honolulu  China- 
town's newest,  currently  costliest  eating 
place  is  the  Wo  Fat  Chop  Sui  house. 
The  three  story  building  of  green  tile  roof 
and  curved,  overhanging  eaves  took  four 
months  to  construct  and  cost  $50,000. 

Designed  by  architect  Yug  Tong 
Char,  the  first  floor  of  this  place  houses 
a  long  cocktail  bar,  a  business  firm,  and 
part  of  Wo  Fat's  kitchen.  A  special  din- 
ing hall  is  on  the  second  floor,  while  on 
the  third  story  is  a  pavilion  and  open 
air  dance  floor  where  patrons  may  "dance 
in  cool  comfort  under  the  tropic  moon." 

Interesting  is  the  history  of  Wo  Fat. 
The  firm  was  established  in  1881 — 57 
years  ago — with  only  six  partners  and 
stockholders.  In  1898  a  letter  exchange 
business — on  commission  basis — to  facili- 
tate the  remittance  of  money  to  China 
by  local  Chinese,  was  added  to  the  com- 
pany's occupations.  This  sideline  later 
grew  profitable  enough  for  the  company 
to  maintain  a  branch  in  Shekki,  Chug 
shan  district  of  Kwangtung. 

Wo  Fat  was  completely  burned  in  the 


THE  CHINESE  VILLAGE  IN  THE  COMING  1939  EXPOSITION 
With  three  quarters  of  the  sum  needed  for  this  gigantic  concession   already  said  to  be 

raised,  construction  of  an  authentic  Chinese  village  is  starting  this  month,  according  to  Miss 

Chang  Ho  Gee,  newly  elected  president  of  Chinese  Factors,  Inc. 

After  nine  months  as  promotion  manager,  Ching  Wah  Lee  resigned  from  that  position  last 

week;  he  may  accept  in  a  purely  professional  capacity  a  commission  offered  him  as  Art  Exhibit 

Director. 

The  above  sketch,  as  conceived  by  the  well-known  architect,  Mr.  Mark  Daniels,  shows  two 

entrnces,  a  pagoda  for  art  exhibit,  a   tea  pavilion,  a   cocktail   cafe,  theater,  and  shops  and 

game  booths.    Surrounding   the  pagoda   is  a  botonical  garden   and  a  model   rustice   farm. 


Chinatown  fire  of  1899.  Later  a  new 
place  was  found  for  it.  It  moved  several 
times  during  the  intervening  years.  Then 
last  year  it  was  decided  that  a  new  con- 
crete building  should  be  erected  in  order 
to  keep  up  with  the  times. 

At  Wo  Fat's  opening  last  month  the 


Hawaiian  Chinese  Journal  proudly  edi- 
torialized: "Wo  Fat  building  with  its 
graceful  Chinese  roof  and  curved  eaves, 
especially  at  night  when  these  architec- 
tural features  are  accentuated  with  neon 
lights,  is  the  equal  in  beauty  with  any  in 
San  Francisco's  Chinatown." 


H&lftHA* 


SAFETY 
STABILITY 
SECURITY 


JIlFTl 


A 


Home  Office:  Galveston,  Texas 

American  National  Insurance  Co. 


Ordinary  Department 

867  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 


Phone:  CHina  2071 


Poge   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,   1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  CHINATOWN  IAN 

RoatfU  Atouttd 

Blossoms  in  bloom,  green  grass,  sun- 
shine and  showers,  parade  of  milady's 
smartest  Easter  outfit.  ...  It  all  com- 
bines to  make  the  month  of  April  a  gay, 
charming,  and  colorful  one.  .  .  .  Down 
to  earth  and  to  work.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Frank- 
lin D.  Rooserelt  came  to  San  Francisco 
to  lecture  on  "Peace"  at  the  Civic  audi- 
torium. During  her  one  day  stay  here 
she  conducted  press  conferences,  gave  in- 
terviews, attended  private  dinners,  and 
presided  at  the  ground  breaking  cere- 
monies of  the  Federal  building  on  Treas- 
ure island,  the  site  of  the  1939  Exposi- 
tion. ...  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  she 
had  only  11  short  hours  in  the  city,  she 
spent  over  an  hour  in  our  Chinatown. 
.  .  .  Yours  truly,  in  his  roaming  around, 
came  upon  Mrs.  Roosevelt  and  her  party 
at  the  corner  of  Stockton  and  Jackson 
streets,  a  bit  uncertain  as  to  the  location 
of  Tai  Chong,  her  favorite  Chinese  shop. 
He  presented  himself  and  was  able  to  di- 
rect her  to  the  shop  where  she  purchased 
art  goods,  curios,  and  Chinese  treasures 
for  friends  back  home.  .  .  .  After  her 
shopping  was  done,  she  strolled  through 
Grant  avenue  to  the  Chinese  Y.  W.  C. 
A.,  where  she  admired  the  little  tots  of 
the  Chinatown  nursery  school  at  play. 
.  .  .  The  First  Lady  of  the  Land  is  cer- 
tainly a  gracious  and  busy  woman! 

Dances  as  usual  will  inaugurate  the 
arrival  of  spring.  .  .  .  All  New  Yorkers 
should  be  prepared  to  attend  the  Jeune 
Doc  club's  Easter  frolic  on  April  15.  .  .  . 
It  will  be  a  dinner  dance  for  war  relief. 
.  .  .  Celebrities  from  the  stage  and  radio 
will  be  featured  on  the  evening's  enter- 
tainment program.  .  .  .  The  University 
of  California  Chinese  Students  club's 
spring  informal  dance  will  be  held  on 
April    16  at   the   International  house  in 


mmm 


'M\ 

&4acJz  fCee  Go. 


EXCLUSIVE  MEN'S  WEAR 

Custom  Tailored  Clothes  $25.50  up 
Arrow  Shirts  $2.00  up 

Arrow  Cravats  $1.00  up 

844  Gront  Ave.  Ph.  CHina  0234 


Berkeley.  ...  A  percentage  of  the  pro- 
ceeds will  be  contributed  to  the  War 
Refugee  fund.  .  .  .  The  newly  organ- 
ized Rice  Bowl  athletic  club  will  start 
their  social  season  with  a  slam  and  a  rip! 
.  .  .  During  Easter  vacation  week  they 
will  stage  a  snappy  skating  party  over 
at  the  Oakland  Roller  Land  with  plenty 
of  own  home  town  rivalry  involved.  .  .  . 
The  boys  planned  to  have  a  medley  (both 
boys  and  girls)  race  between  the  various 
Bay  region  clubs  for  team  prizes  'n 
everything.  .  .  .  The  date  is  April  12, 
Tuesday  nite  at  55th  and  Telegraph 
avenue.  The  club  issues  a  challenge  to 
clubs  thru  this  column  for  a  track  meet. 
...  The  Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.'s  hay 
frolic  will  be  held  April  9.  It's  a  barn 
dance  and  carnival  combined  ...  so, 
save  your  pennies  and  make  your  con- 
fession to  the  fortune  teller!  .  .  .  All 
the  Y's  girls  are  behind  this,  as  it  is  for 
the  benefit  of  the  camp  and  conference 
fund.  .  .  .  On  the  same  evening  over 
across  the  bay,  the  Waku  Auxiliary  jun- 
iors will  give  their  "Junior  Apple  Dance" 
at  the  Oakland  Danish  hall.  .  .    . 

Frank  Chan  Yuen,  energetic  business 
manager  of  the  Twin  Dragon  team  and 
Jenny  Lai  recently  announced  their  en- 
gagement. .  .  .  When  this  information 
first  came  out,  no  one  would  believe  him, 
for  if  we  remember  right,  he  has  just  had 
his  'eenth  birthday.  ...  It  is  all  ar- 
ranged for  next  year,  .  .  .  the  world  of 
happiness  to  you  two!  ...  A  new  or- 
chestra is  slowly  smoothing  out  its  musical 
style.  .  .  .  They  practice  twice  a  week 
at  the  Chinese  clubhouse  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Rene  Hu  from  Shanghai,  China, 
student  at  S.  F.  State  college.  .  .  .  Hu 
can  play  any  musical  instrument;  he  ex- 
cels at  the  clarinet.  .  .  .  He  can  make  it 
laugh,  cry,  and  even  talk!  .  .  .  Fred 
Mah  is  business  manager. 

The  Bakersfield  gang  of  Lawrence 
Leong,  Rodney  Yee,  Edith,  Pauline  and 
Lloyd  Lum,  Alice,  Henry  and  Delbert 
Wong,  Bill  and  May  Ko,  Alice  and  War- 
ren Lee,  Tulip  and  John  Lewis,  Bob  and 
Dick  Schoon,  Lawrence,  Annie,  Bessie 
and  Mary  Sue  jammed  into  six  cars  one 
cold  morning  and  headed  for  the  snow 
line.  .  .  .  Upon  their  arrival  at  Frazier 
Mountain  park,  they  found  over  three 
feet  of  snow  on  the  ground  and  more  of 
the  same  on  its  way.  .  .  .  Just  the  ideal 
condition  for  a  snow  frolic.  ...  So  with 
skis,  sleds,  and  a  big  toboggan,  they  took 
turns  spilling  and  tumbling  all  over  the 
landscape.  .  .  .  Mary  Sue  insisted  upon 


perching  a  beanie  cockily  on  her  head  so 
she  was  the  frequent  target  of  accurately 
thrown  snowballs.  .  .  .  Hot  baths  were 
the  order  of  the  nite  for  the  whole  crowd 
afterwards.  .  .  .  For  those  of  you  who 
plan  your  dates  way  ahead  .  .  .  the 
Bakersfield  girls  will  have  their  dance  on 
Sunday  night,  May  29.  .  .  .  The  "B" 
girls'  reputation  of  always  putting  on  a 
good  dance,  and  the  fact  that  it  is  a 
double  holiday  and  a  benefit  affair  will 
assure  a  large  attendance.  .  .  .Happy 
congrats  to  the  following  "to  be's"  of 
L.  A.:  Dorothy  Lung  and  Dick  Young, 
Jane  Chan  and  Walter  Chung.  .  .  . 
And  also  to  Mamie  Moy  of  Detroit  and 
Allan  Chan  of  Chicago.  Jean,  Beatrice, 
and  Anita  Moy  all  joined  in  and  gave 
a  wedding  shower  for  them  at  the  Moy's 
Chicago  home.  .  .  .  It's  smooth  sailing 
ahead  for  Frances  Young  of  Fresno  and 
Bernard  Chan  of  Bakersfield.  .  .  .A  cozy 
love  nest  is  all  ready  for  her. 

Our  former  "POO-Poo-er,"  Robert 
Poon,  announced  his  engagament  to  Lilly 
Tom  recently.  .  .  .  Don't  leave  us  be- 
hind, Bob,  we  (the  whole  staff)  will  be  on 
deck  at  your  wedding  banquet!  ...  At 
the  Lowell  Hi  dance,  the  tongue  of  one 
of  the  dancers  was  hanging  out  from 
his  strenuous  efforts  in  doing  the  Big  Ap- 
ple. .  .  .  His  not-so-very-nimble  partner 
accidentally  bumbed  into  his  jaw  which 
caused  him  to  bite  his  own  tongue  rather 
painfully.  .  .  .The  dazed  youngster  ex- 
claimed, "O-o-o-Oh,  it  bite  me!!!!"  Keep 
it  inside  next  time.  .  .  .Flora  Hall,  presi- 
dent of  the  Sigma  Omicron  Pi  was  hos- 
tess at  a  pledge  tea  given  recently  at  the 
Palace  hotel  .  .  .  New  pledges  are  Daisy 
Fung,  Violet  Wong,  May  Lai.  Rub^ 
Dong,    Gertrude     Young.    Helen     and 


CHINA  EMPORIUM 

Exclusive  Chinese 
Art  Goods 

733  Gront  Are.  Ph.  CHino  2285 


- 


April,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  17 


CHINATOWNIA 


Margaret  Tarn,  and  Bertha  Lew.  .  .  . 
A  penny  march  netted  them  exactly  $12. 
.  .  .  Dorothy  Yarn  of  Portland  paid  her 
first  visit  to  San  Francisco  and  enjoyed 
her  stay  here  immensely.  .  .  .  Toby 
Louis  of  San  Louis  Obispo  dropped  in 
town  on  a  buying  trip.  He  is  restocking 
his  store,  one  of  the  town's  oldest  and  best 
known  general  merchandise  stores.  .  .  . 

Wah  Ying  club  put  on  an  award  dance 
that  was  a  wow!  .  .  .  The  place  was 
jammed  to  the  rafters  with  people  danc- 
ing and  watching  the  Big  Apple  contest, 
the  prize  waltz,  and  the  presentation  of 
gold  balls  to  the  Twin  Dragon  team,  win- 
ner of  the  club's  basketball  championship. 
.  .  .  Jack.  Lee,  the  Lowell  Hi  go-getter, 
has  been  receiving  thick  wads  of  letters 
from  a  certainly  charming  Miss  of  Val- 
lejo.  .  .  .  I'll  keep  it  a  secret  for  you, 
Jack!!!!  .  .  .  Miriam  Woo  of  Oakland 
has  been  in  the  state  civil  service  for  a 
long  time;  she  is  the  capable  secretary 
to  the  Deputy  State  Insurance  commis- 
sioner. 

Benjamin  Chow  and  Hing  Lee  have 
been  admitted  into  the  Eta  Kappa  Nu, 
national  electrical  engineering  society. 
....  Chow  has  an  enviable  scholastic 
record  and  is  a  senior  from  San  Jose.  .  .  . 
Hing  is  a  junior  from  Salinas  where  he 
won  a  block  S  for  track.  .  .  .  The  recent 
record  flood  put  Sammy  Chin's  ranch 
under  water,  but  that  did  not  prevent 
him  from  (swimming?)  out  to  see  the 
girl  friend.  ...  In  this  column,  several 
months  ago,  I  listed  Henry  Low's  points 
of  perfection  and  stated  he  was  scouting 
around  for  a  gal  friend.  ...  At  last  I 
have  an  answer  from  an  unknown  girl 
in  the  East  .  .  .  and  so  to  you,  Miss 
Anonymous,  I'm  very  glad  to  tell  you  that 
he  is  25  years  of  age,  still  as  husky  as  I 
last  described  him,  and  is  playing  tennis 
even  better  now.  He  is,  to  quote  his 
own  words,  "Ready,  willing,  and  able  to 
write  to  you!"  .  .  . 

Historic  Portsmouth  Square  will  be  the 
scene  of  a  pageant  given  by  the  Chinese 
Playground  under  the  direction  of  Polly 
Maguire  and  Lillian  Yuen.  .  .  .  The 
date  is  April  29,  and  is  free  to  the  public. 
.  .  .  Beatrice  Moy  is  studying  to  be  a 
dietician  at  the  U.  of  Chicago.  She  is 
an  active  club  worker  and  is  secretary  of 
the  Chinese  Student's  club.  Learning 
how  to  ice  skate  is  her  latest  concentra- 
tion ...  In  spite  of  the  wintry  weather, 
the  Y.  C.  C.  and  the  Y.  C.  A.  of  Chicago 
gave   a  Valentine  dance   for  their  mem- 


bers   and    friends.  .  .  .  All    had   a    gay 
time. 

Margaret  Kan  had  a  swell  time  dur- 
ing her  short  stay  at  Memphis,  Tennessee. 
.  .  .  The  Chinese  civilian  relief  commit- 
tee of  Chicago  is  still  doing  their  part 
by  collecting  coins  for  war  relief  there. 
.  .  .  Boys  of  the  West  Coast  had  better 
watch  out!!  A  fair  warning  to  you  all. 
.  .  .  Gertrude  Moy  of  Chicago  might  be 
a  visitor  here  next  year  and  they  tell  me 
that  she  is  cute,  dynamic,  and  the  most 
popular  girl  in  Chicago's  Chinatown. 
New  York's  Chinese  bowling  club  mem- 
bers jammed  Mamie  Moy's  lunch  room 
during  their  invasion  of  Philadelphia  for 
a  bowling  contest.  .  .  .  When  you  see 
something  doing  at  a  party  in  Philly,  it 
must  be  Tommy  Goon.  .  .  .  He  is  al- 
ways the  life  of  the  party  wherever  he 
goes.  .  .  .  Eugene  Chan,  Philly 's  only 
left  handed  bowler  is  challenging  New 
York's  one  and  only  south  paw  to  a 
match.  .  .  .  The  Mrs.  has  returned  from 
Hawaii  and  so  Doc  Chunn  is  all  smiles 
again.  .  .  .  The  Van  Horn  Lee's  should 
see  the  stork  this  month  ...  It  will  be 
No.  3.  .  .  .  Gloria  Mark  just  celebrated 
her  sixteenth  birthday.  .  .  .  She  claims 
that  she  has  never  been  kissed.  .  .  . 
Come  on  out  to  California  and  I'll  get  the 
local  Clark  Gables  all  lined  up  for  you!! 
.  .  .  Latest  arrivals  at  L.  A.  J.  C.  are 
Yvonne  Basworth  of  Oakland  and  Kenny 
Jann  of  Stockton;  Ken  is  a  grad  from 
Hollywood  Hi.  .  .  .  Nellie  Lew  of  the 
same  school  received  a  year's  scholarship 
from  the  L.  A.  J.  C.'s  women's  club  for  her 
good  sportsmanship  and  fine  scholastic 
record.  .  .  .  She  is  also  a  ranking  player 
of  the  L.  A.  Chinese  tennis  team.  .  .  . 
Richard  Shih,  diplomatic  student  at  U.  S. 
C  is  president  of  the  University's  Chi- 
nese student  club  and  is  also  an  outstand- 
ing photographer.  .  .  .  Dr.  Morgan  Lee, 


Gene  Dong,  Eugene  Choy,  and  their 
friends  danced  to  swingy  music  at  the 
first  inter-frat  dance  of  the  P.  &  S. 
College  of  Osteopathy.  .  .  .  The  only 
Chinese  band  leader  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia is  Phillip  Kwan.  He  swings  the 
baton  for  the  Pol  Hi  band. 

The  L.  A.  Chinese  tennis  club  is  plan- 
ning for  a  large  and  varied  program  for 
the  coming  year.  .  .  .  New  officers  are 
Harding  Wong  at  the  helm  as  president; 
Betty  Chow,  V.  P.;  June  Lau,  secretary; 
George  Tong,  team  manager;  and  Milton 
Quan,  captain.  .  .  .  Tony  Jue,  state  ac- 
countants, is  the  new  treasurer.  .  .  . 
Every  one  of  these  new  officers  is  a  top 
ranking  tennis  player.  .  .  .  Good  luck  to 
you  on  your  new  term,  and  more  of  the 
same  plus  a  sincere  congratulation  to 
Violet  Leong  of  Bakersfield  and  Harold 
Wong  of  L.  A.  .  .  .  Engagement  in  the 
spring  and  the  merger  will  be  in  the  fall. 
.  .  .  Corinne  Jue  of  Van  Nuys  took 
L.  A.  by  storm  and  is  splashing  around 
the  town  with  her  new  Lincoln  Zephyr. 
.  .  .  She  is  attending  U.  C.  L.  A.  .  .  . 
At  the  International  institute's  Chinese 
dinners  were  these  smartly  clad  girls:  Bar- 
bara and  Clara  Quon,  Anna  Woo,  Esther 
Sue,  and  Alice  and  Elsie  Lee. 

L.  A.'s  C.  S.  C.'s  snow  hike  to  Big  Pines 
was  a  grand  success.  .  .  .  Not  one  of 
the  forty  persons  who  hiked  that  day 
had  any  complaints  to  make  except  Henry 
Wong,  and  his  complaint  was  only  of  his 
accident  on  the  way  home.  ...  A  pretty 
maid  from  the  Islands,  Evelyn  Ho  was 
the  cynosure  of  all  eyes.  .  .  .  Florence 
Ong,  L.  A.  queen,  is  now  attending  a 
hair  styling  school.  .  .  .  Guy  Fong  of 
Sacramento  has  been  sharpening  his  ten- 
nis ground  strokes  daily  at  the  Tenth 
and  Q  streets  court.  .  .  .  Gim  Fong  is 
the  new  prexy  of  the  Sacramento  Hi 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


For  your 

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Prices:  $22.75  ro  $34.50 

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Phone:  CHina    1500 

> 


Page   18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,  1938 


NEW  YORK 
SPORT  SHOP 

Albert  Lew  Chong,  one  of  China- 
town's well-known  athletes,  is  manager 
of  the  up-to-date  New  York  Sport  shop, 
which  was  recently  opened  and  which  car- 
ries a  complete  line  of  sport  and  athletic 
goods.  The  shop  specializes  in  selling 
to  clubs  and  teams.  According  to  Mr. 
Lew  his  sport  shop  will  promote  more 
competition  among  the  younger  boys  by 
sponsoring  various  sport  events.  The  first 
one  on  th's  program  is  a  lightweight 
basketball  league,  a  series  to  be  played 
at  the  French  court  from  March  27  to 
May  1.  A  large  number  of  high  class 
teams  have  been  entered  in  the  various 
classes.  The  next  event  will  be  a  track 
meet  to  be  staged  some  time  in  May  for 
both  unlimited  and  weight  teams. 
o 

RICE  BOWL 
ATHLETIC  CLUB 

The  San  Francisco  Rice  Bowl  team 
has  banded  together  socially.  Primary 
purposes  of  the  organization  are  to  per- 
petuate the  traditions  of  the  Bowl  game, 
to  raise  the  standards  of  sportsmanship, 
and  to  develop  young  athletes.  With 
hustling  H.  K.  Wong,  at  its  helm  as 
president,  the  Rice  Bowl  Athletic  club, 
as  it  is  known,  plans  as  it  first  activity  a 
skate  fest  on  April  12  at  the  Oakland 
Rollerland.  Vice-Prexy  George  Wong, 
with  Fred  Hing,  plans  to  organize  and 
coach   a   lightweight   football    team   the 


New  York  Sport  Shop 


843   Cloy  St. 


Fishing  Tackles 

Guns 

Tennis  &  Athletic  Goods 


Special  Prices  to  Clubs  and  Teams 


San     Francisco 


Tel    CHina  0533 


SPORTS 

-    By  Conrad  Fong  and  Davisson  Lee    _ 

coming  season.  Harding  Leong,  their 
athletic  manager,  announces  a  Rice  Bowl 
invasion  of  all  sports,  with  track  the 
most  imminent  field. 


SPRING  TENNIS 
TOURNAMENT 

The  Chitena  Annual  Spring  Tennis 
tournament  will  be  held  the  week  preced- 
ing Easter  according  to  announcements 
made  by  Arthur  Hee,  president  of  the 
club.  Tennis  stars  from  all  over  the  Pa- 
cific Coast  are  expected  to  enter  and  vie 
for  the  many  prizes  and  trophies.  Entries 
may  be  mailed  to  club  headquarters  at 
876  Sacramento  street. 


GIRLS 
BASKETBALL 

The  S.  F.  Mei  Wah  club  entered  the 
P.  A.  L.  league,  with  but  three  veterans 
on  the  team,  namely,  Jo  Chang,  Franche 
Lee,  and  Mary  Chan,  plus  a  host  of  prom- 
ising juniors,  who  are  favored  to  go  far 
in  the  league.  In  their  opening  contest, 
they  defeated  the  First  United  church 
33  to  27.  Franche  Lee  led  the  scoring  with 
16  counters. 

Another  potentially  strong  girls'  team 
has  appeared  on  the  horizon  under  the 
name  of  the  Young  Chinese  auxiliary  of 
Oakland,  which  numbers  among  its  mem- 
bers most  of  the  championship  softball 
team,  the  Dragonettes. 


BOYS  BASKETBALL 

The  most  breath-taking  game  of  the 
current  season  found  the  Young  Chinese 
A.  C.  nosing  out  the  Wah  Ying  champs 
by  two  points.  In  a  game  jammed  with 
thrills  and  climaxed  by  a  real  "photo 
finish,"  Twin  Dragon  led  by  a  com- 
fortable score  until  the  last  two  minutes. 
The  breaks  came  for  the  East  Bay  quin- 
tet when  Francis  Hin  Chinn  was  taken 
out  of  the  game  by  injuries,  and  Allan 
Lee  Po  was  forced  out  because  of  four 
personal  fouls.  The  Y.  C  five  tanked  10 
points  in  close  succession  which  gave  them 
the  long  end  of  a  26-24  score.  Members 
of  the  Young  Chinese  A.  C.  casaba 
tossers  are  Edwin  and  George  Chan,  Wal- 
lace Wong,  Key  Chinn,  and  Howard  Joe. 
WAKU  AUXILIARY  JUNIORS 

The  Oakland  Waku  Auxiliary  Juniors 
defeated  the  Y.  L.  I.  girls  39  to  3  in  a 
fast  game.  With  Capt.  Stella  Lew  lead- 
ing the  defense  and  Laura  Tom  starring 
on  offense  the  Oakland  lasses  ran  away 
from  their  opponents  early  in  the  game. 


TRACK 

The  S.  F.  Recreation  committee  will 
sponsor  a  novice  meet  70  to  120  lbs. 
Boys  who  have  not  competed  in  high 
school  meets  are  eligible.  Rice  Bowl  A.  C. 
are  looking  for  opponents  on  the  cinder 
paths. 
TENNIS 

Henrietta  Jung  stroked  her  way  to  the 
finals  of  the  Northern  California  indoor 
tennis  tournament  only  to  lose  to  Shirley 
Catton,  top  ranking  California  star. 
KITE 

The  ninth  annual  kite  tournament  will 
be  held  Saturday,  April  16,  at  Funston 
playground.  .  .  .  Medals  and  ribbons 
will  be  awarded  to  winner.  The  Chinese 
playground  won  all  prizes  last  year  with 
the  exception  of  one  second  prize. 
Y  CAPTURES  TITLES 

The  Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  captured 
four  basketball  championships  this  sea- 
son. .  .  .  The  110's  under  Coach  Wil- 
liam Wong  won  in  the  P.  A.  A.  while 
Lee  Critchton's  120's,  Frank  Wong's  90 
pounders,  and  Ted  Lee's  80  pound  mid- 
gets walked  away  with  the  J.  A.  F. 
titles. 

SHANGHTAI  120'S 

Art  Hee's  Shanghtai  120's  won  the 
P.  A.  A.  casaba  championship  with  de- 
cisive wins  over  all  of  their  opponents. 
...  In  the  finals  against  Stockton,  Hank 
Kan,  Babe  Moy,  and  Arnold  Lim  ran 
wild  and  set  up  a  new  P.  A.  A.  high  scor- 
ing record  of  69  points,  surpassing  the 
old  record  by  four  digits.  Stockton  was 
able  to  net  only  14  points. 
TWIN  DRAGON  IN 
P.  A.  A.  FINALS 

The  strong  Twin  Dargon  quintet  is 
favored  to  defeat  the  Columbia  Boys 
for  the  P.  A.  A.  130-lb.  championship 
as  we  go  to  press.  .  .  . 

GOLF 

Chinese  golfers  of  the  San  Francisco 
Bay  region  ran  the  annual  tourney  off  at 
the  Harding  course.  William  R.  Lee  de- 
feated B.  K.  Chan  five  and  four  for 
the  right  to  meet  C.  C.  Wing  in  the 
finals  with  Lee  emerging  the  ultimate 
victor.  Low  gross  winner  was  C.  C. 
Wing,  and  Wing  Chuck  copped  low  net 


Honors. 


SACRAMENTO  TRIMS  JAP 

The  Chung  Wah  school  of  Sacramento 
defeated  a  Japanese  nine  in  a  bitterly 
fought  contest,  12-11.  Performing  cred- 
itably for  the  Chinese  were  Donald  Yee, 
Joe  Fong,  Jimmv  Gee,  and  Harold  Gcc. 


./«#■     *&&> 


April,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   19 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


CHINATOWNIAN  ROAMS 

(Continued  from  p.  17) 
C.  S.  C.  with  Laura  Dong  as  vice  presi- 
dent. .  .  .  Soo  Yong,  at  the  end  of  her 
transcontinental  tour  stopped  over  at  San 
Francisco.  She  was  so  interested  in  our 
city  that  she  nearly  missed  her  train. 
Another  state  visitor  from  the  Pacific 
Northwest,  Portland  to  be  exact,  was  Eva 
Moe.  .  .  .  Her  many  California  friends 
showed  her  around  the  high  spots. 

Al  Louie  of  Seattle,  M.  I.  T.  student, 
has  just  returned  home  from  the  hospital. 
He  left  the  East  several  months  ago  when 
he  was  taken  ill.  .  .  .  Mary  and  Frances 
Hong  are  new  comers  to  Seattle  all  the 
way  from  New  Jersey.  .  .  .The  China 
club  sponsored  a  mass  meeting  to  raise 
relief  funds.  Dr.  Hu  Shih  was  a  guest 
speaker.  .  .  .  "Good  Earth"  was  recently 
shown  at  the  King's  theatre,  Hongkong, 
for  the  first  time.  ...  In  celebration  of 
the  showing,  hundreds  of  overseas  Chi- 
nese organized  theatre  parties  and  crowd- 
ed the  theatre  to  capacity.  .  .  .  The  re- 
action, according  to  report,  was  very  fa- 
vorable. .  .   . 

Friends  of  Frank.  Chan  regretted  deep- 
ly the  passing  away  of  a  sportsman.  .  .  . 
Mr.  Chan  was  an  ardent  outdoor  man; 
his  greatest  hobby  was  to  go  fishing  in 
his  own  motor  launch.  He  was  the  treas- 
urer of  the  S.  F.  Chinese  sportsman  club 
and  was  a  wholesale  jeweler  for  the  past 
15  years  and  the  proprietor  of  a  Chinese 
jewelry  store.  .  .  . 

Portland's  Wah  Kiang  club  will  play 
Seattle's  tennis  team  during  the  Easter 
vacation.  The  Portland  outfit  will  go 
North  with  a  powerful  squad,  including  a 
number  of  hi  school  lettermen  on  the 
team.  .  .  .  Joe  Wong  has  improved  so 
much  that  he  is  now  ranked  No.  1  man 
of  the  Washington  high  school.  Warren 
Moe  and  Kay  Chinn  won  their  letters  at 
Lincoln  Hi.  .  .  .  The  club's  ping  pong 
team  is  so  good  that  it  will  represent 
the  Central  Y  in  the  city.   .  .  . 

Last  minute  news:  From  our  news- 
getter  in  Arizona  we  hear  that  Mrs.  Paul 
Don  is  the  mother  of  a  baby  girl.  Mrs. 
Don,  who  lives  in  Tucson,  is  a  sister  of 
T.  Y.  Tang,  general  secretary  of  the 
Chinese  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  San  Francisco. 
.  .  .  Rose  Tang  came  from  China,  where 
she  attended  Lingnam,  and  is  now  living 
in  Phoenix  .  .  .  while  Huey  Tang  and 
Ben  Tom  have  left  Arizona  for  China. 

And  oh  yes,  the  Mei  Wah  club  at  L.  A. 
had  their  seventh  anniversary  dance  re- 
cently, which  was  a  grand  affair,  what 
with  the  Hawaiian  motif  and  everything. 
.  .  .  Eleanor  Soo  Hoo  is  its  new  prexy. 


.  .  .  The  best  birthday  gift  William 
Lee  of  San  Mateo  ever  got  in  his  life  hap- 
pened when  Mrs.  Lee  presented  him 
with  a  baby  girl  on  the  very  day  of  his 
own  birth!  The  baby  has  been  christened 
Sharon.  .  .  . 

o 

CHINESE  DISCOVERIES 

(Continued  from  p.  7) 
Kwangtung  in  1900.  These  coppers  were 
issued  by  the  progressive  Cantonese  who 
were  anxious  to  see  a  modernized  China. 
Before  our  very  eyes  the  ch'iens  became  a 
thing  of  the  past. 

Notes  to  Collectors:  Many  "rare"  coins 
were  not  mentioned  in  this  series  because 
only  those  of  historical  significance  are 
included  as  important.  Also,  we  have  ne- 
glected to  mention  the  Liao  and  T'ang 
currencies  because  lack  of  space  prevented 
the  discussion  of  controversial  items. 
Those  interested  see  "Certain  Chinese 
Notes"  by  Andrew  McFarland  Davis  in 
the  Proceedings  of  the  American  Acad- 
emy of  Art  and  Sciences,  1915. 

Articles  to  Appear  Later:  "Minted  cop- 
pers and  gold  and  silver  coins,"  "Iron  and 
other  metallic  coins";  "Marginal,  rebel, 
and  Invader  Coins";  and  "Temple  and 
Picture  Coins." 

Errors  in  Previous  Issues:  The  word 
"tunny"  in  the  first  coin  article  should 
have  been  "tuna."  The  word  "hsiu" 
(meaning  embroidery)  in  the  last  civil 
service  article  should  have  been  "hsiu" 
(meaning  flowering,  with  the  ho  or  grain 
radical) . 

References:  The  best  book  for  collec- 
tors in  general  is  "Coin  in  China's  His- 
tory" by  Arthur  Braddan  Coole,  1937. 
For  researches,  consult  "The  Stewart 
Lockhart  Collection  of  Chinese  Copper 
Coins"  by  J.  H.  Lockhart;  the  "Catalog 
of  Coins  from  the  Seventh  Century  B.  C 
to  621  A.  D."  by  Terrien  de  Lacouperie; 
and  "Annam — Edutes  Numismatic"  by 
Albert  Schroeder.  General:  "Ancient  Chi- 
nese Coinage"  by  Rev.  Frank  H.  Chal- 
fant,  1913;  "Chinese  Currency"  by  W. 
Wisserinsj;  "Evolution  of  the  Dollar"  by 
Harwood  Frost;  and  the  series  of  articles 
on  Chinese  coins  in  the  China  Journal, 
beginning  September,  1922. 

Chinese  References  extend  back  to  the 
beginning  of  literature.  I  am  indebted  to 
my  uncle  for  the  use  of  his  Chinese  li 


brary  on  numismatics:  Ku  Ch'uan  Hui; 
Ku  Chin  Ch'ien  Pu;  Ch'in  Ting  Ch'ien 
Lu,  and  the  Ku  Kin  So  Kien  Lu.  See 
also  "Rare  Chinese  Coins"  by  S.  C.  Wong, 
and  the  Eastern  Miscellany,  Vol.  27,  No. 
2.  The  End. 

(Copyrighted  1938,  by  Chingwah  Lee.) 

o 

CHINESE  IN  TUCSON 

(Continued  from  p.  <)) 
south  Meyer  street.  Later  in  1926  a 
Chinese  Evangelical  church  was  estab- 
lished on  Main  and  Mesilla  streets.  It  is 
an  unpretentious  building  but  has  many 
facilities  such  as  a  large  year,  reception 
room,  kitchen,  and  an  auditorium. 

K.  T.  Wong,  a  University  of  Cali- 
fornia graduate,  is  employed  as  a  mis- 
sionary and  to  teach  Chinese.  Most  of 
the  Chinese  teachers  who  have  taught 
here  are  overseas  students  attending  the 
university  and  working  their  way  through 
by  teaching.  At  the  Chinese  Evangelical 
church,  classes  are  held  from  5  to  7  and 
there  are  about  30  pupils.  The  congrega- 
tion numbers  25  and  a  one  hour  service 
is  held  every  Sunday. 

Tucson  has  no  Chinese  on  relief  or 
on  Works  Progress  Administration  pro- 
jects. During  the  depression  the  Chi- 
nese were  no  better  off  than  the  other 
peoples  here,  but  still  there  have  been 
no  Chinese  cases  on  the  charity  roll.  The 
reason,  of  course,  is  that  those  who  were 
in  need  were  taken  care  of  by  their  own 
relatives  or  cousins. 

Relations  between  the  Chinese  and 
Americans  here  are  very  cordial,  and 
racial  prejudice  is  almost  non-existent. 
Many  of  the  well-to-do  and  educated 
Chinese  mingle  in  American  social  cir- 
cles and  frequently  serve  as  hosts  at  teas 
and  banquets.  All  public  places  of  busi- 
ness and  entertainment  are  opened  to  the 
Chinese.  However,  there  is  one  swim- 
ming pool  which  prohibits  Chinese  from 
attending,  but  that  does  not  prevent  them 
from  swimming  as  there  are  other  pools 
in  the  city  which  welcome  Chinese. 


THIINi  WAN  PRINTING  (0 


HOWARD  (HAM  PAPEP  (0. 

Quality   Paper  &  Twine 

Telephone   CHino    1149 

1149  Powell  St.                 San   Francisco 

801  STOCKTON  ST.,  San  Francisco 
Phone  CHina  0397 


> 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


April,   1938 


ba/UftrinA,  til 


That's  why  the  only  milk  worth  con- 
sidering for  your  children  is  the  best 
you  can  buy.  Borden's  Dairy  Delivery 
Milk  is  the  choice  of  most  people. 


73<mk*tv5 

DAIRY  DELIVERY  COMPANY 


Val.  6000 


San  Francisco 


3)iamc*tdl  -  tt/cUckeA,  -  fletueltof 

•  WE  ARE  grateful  for  the  confidence  shown  in  us  by  a 
large  number  of  Chinese  people  who  have  purchased  dia- 
monds, watches,  and  jewelry  from  us  during  the  past  sev- 
eral years.  We  invite  the  patronage  of  all  Chinese  who 
appreciate  a  one-price,  square-dealing  store.  We  offer 
a  money  back  guarantee  with  every  purchase.  Mr.  Arthur 
Yim,  a  very  courteous  and  intelligent  Chinese  young  man, 
in  our  employ,  will  be  glad  to  assist  you  in  your  purchases. 

SAJVflT  ELS 

Market  Street,  Opposite   Powell,  SAN   FRANCISCO 
1520  Broadway,  Between  Roos  Bros,  and  Hastings,  OAKLAND 


Serve 

BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at    your    next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW   CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

820   Pacific  Ave.        DOuglas  0547 
San  Francisco,  California 


..:      -/>?#■  °&£ 


\ 


c  r  priRirr  uno 


ART 


Vol.  IV,  No.  V 


Poge  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,   1938 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Vol.  4,  No.  5  May,  1938 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 

Son  Francisco,  California   (CHina  2400) 

WILLIAM   HOY,   Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE   Associate   Editor 

LIM   P    LEE      Sociological   Data 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.    WONG      Columnist 

CONRAD    FONG   and    DAVISSON    LEE    Sports 

CORRESPONDENTS   and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakcrsf ield    Mamie    Lee 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Allen    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Los   Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Marysville    Virginia   Wah 

New  York   Bing   Chan,  Sophia   Chu 

Philadelphia    Henry  C.   Jung 

Portland     Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seattle,  Wash   Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton   Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,   Arizona   May  Tom 

For   subscription    and   advertising    rates  call   CHina   2400 

FOUNDERS  and  PUBLISHERS 
THOMAS   W.   CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data,  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress,  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


Chinatown  A  recent  "China  Number" 
Women  issue  of  the  Pan  Pacific  mag- 
azine, a  quarterly  published 
by  the  Pan  Pacific  Union  at  Honolulu, 
carried  an  article  on  "Chinese  Women 
in  San  Francisco."  Written  by  Mrs. 
Jane  Kwong  Lee,  co-ordinator  of  the 
Chinese  Y.  W.  C.  A.  here,  it  described 
in  a  general  way  some  characteristics  of 
the  home  life  of  the  women  of  an  earlier 
generation  and  what  they  went  through 
to  adapt  themselves  to  an  alien  environ- 
ment, and  of  the  fortunate  few  who 
later  learned  the  rudiments  of  English. 
After  that  was  a  short  resume  of  the 
work  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  in  initiating 
a  program  of  social  betterment  for  these 
women. 

Then  the  writer  came  down  to  the 
life  and  ways  of  our  second  generation 
young  women.  And  here  we  encountered 
some  interesting  statements  which  could 
bear  considerable  scrutiny  in  the  interest 


of  cold,  unbiased  facts.  In  speaking  of 
the  enlightened  second  generation  wo- 
men, Mrs.  Lee  had  this  to  say  in  the 
middle  of  one  paragraph:  "They  have 
picked  up  American  ways  of  living.  They 
eat  American  food  which  they  know  how 
to  cook  and  serve;  they  dress  in  Ameri- 
can style  which  they  know  how  to  cut 
and  sew.  ..." 

Again,  in  a  further  paragraph:  "The 
young  generation  is  intelligent  and  alert. 
In  spite  of  their  frivolities  in  many  ways, 
they  show  keen  interest  and  thought  in 
weighty  questions  of  their  age.  They 
study  Chinese  in  addition  to  English  so 
that  in  case  they  go  to  China  some  day 
they  will  be  able  to  use  the  Chinese  lan- 
guage." 

A  bright  picture  has  been  painted. 
One  visions  hundreds  of  our  Chinatown 
young  women  as  emancipated,  enlight- 
ened creatures,  creditable  products  of 
the  best  of  China's  cultural  heritage  and 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

The  Facts  About  Communism  in 

China  (Conclusion)    4 

Reflection    on    Some    Chinese 

Literary  Reforms   6 

The  Chinese  Coal  Miners  in  Wyoming     8 

Sino-Japanese  "War"  in  S.  F.  Bay  1 1 

Chinatownia    11-16 


DEPARTMENTS: 

The  Chinatown  Crier 2-3 

The  Jade  Box 9 

Reviews  and  Comments 10 

Sports    17,   18 


of  American  civilization,  educated,  in- 
telligent, capable  standard  bearers  of  a 
new  day,  representing  the  perfect  blend- 
ing of  the  East  and  the  West,  Kipling 
to   the   contrary   notwithstanding. 

But,  I  am  afraid,  this  picture  has  been 
painted  with  more  imagination  than  fact- 
ual accuracy.  It  is  an  idealized  picture, 
but  it  is  not  the  truth,  though  one  wishes 
it  were.  "They  have  picked  up  Ameri- 
can ways  of  living."  One  would  have 
liked  to  be  enlightened  as  to  what  some 
of  these  American  ways  our  young  wo- 
men have  "picked  up."  Do  they  in- 
clude sports,  listening  to  the  radio,  read- 
ing daily  papers  and  cartoons,  motoring, 
enjoying  the  movies,  and  plaving  bridge? 
Or  do  they  include,  instead,  joining  clubs 
and  fraternities,  study  groups,  discussion 
forums,  hobbies,  attending  operas  and 
lectures,  drinking  cocktails,  and  culti- 
vating a  taste  for  cheese  and  caviar? 

"They  eat  American  food  which  they 
know  how  to  cook  and  serve."  If  this 
simply  means  the  ability  to  make  passahlv 
good  coffee,  frying  bacon  and  eggs,  boil- 
ing potatoes  and  spinach,  and  frying 
steaks  and  fish,  then  we  agree.  But  when 
it  comes  to  such  dishes  .1^  say,  oysters, 
turtle  soup,  fillet  of  beef  au  champignon*. 


May,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


sweetbreads  with  puree  of  aparagus 
points,  fillet  of  chicken  with  sauce  su- 
preme, omlet  souffle,  etc.,  then  our  young 
misses   just   aren't   there. 

"They  dress  in  American  style  which 
they  know  how  to  cut  and  sew."  The 
best  way  of  proving  the  truth  or  falsity 
of  this  statement  is  simply  to  gather  a 
sizeable  group  of  our  sweet  young  things 
together  and  then  ask  how  many  of 
them  made  the  dresses  they  are  wearing. 
The  answer  would  delight  many  a  down- 
town store  manager. 

"The  young  generation  is  intelligent 
and  alert."  Our  very  pride  of  race  makes 
us  concede  that  statement,  which  we've 
always  held  to  be  self-evident,  even 
though  this  strong  belief  gets  a  little 
shaking  up  at  times.  But  when  it  is  said 
that  "In  spite  of  their  frivolities  in  many 
ways,  they  show  keen  interest  and 
thought  in  weighty  questions  of  their 
age,"  once  again  our  hands  are  raised 
in  dissent.  Perhaps  the  members  of  the 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  show  keen  interest  in 
weighty  questions  of  our  day,  but  for 
the  general  run  of  the  young  women, 
there  is  a  conspicuous  lack  of  interest 
and  general  knowledge  in  world  politi- 
cal trends,  community  social  problems, 
and  the  fine  flower  of  Occidental  and 
Oriental  culture. 

Lastly,  our  young  women  may,  one 
and  all,  have  studied  Chinese  while  in 
their  teens  and  have  built  up  a  founda- 
tion of  knowledge  of  their  mother 
tongue,  but  they  have  not  pursued  this 
knowledge  as  soon  as  they  have  grown 
up.  We  know  there  are  various  reasons 
why  many  of  them  are  not  able  to  do 
so,  but  this  is  not  the  question  here. 
The  number  of  second  generation  women 
who  do  know  written  Chinese  is  so 
small  as  to  be  negligible. 

Taking  all  in  all,  then,  the  young 
women  of  our  community  of  whom  Mrs. 
Lee's  descriptions  apply  are  strictly  in  the 
minority.  We  know  many  of  these  and 
we  are  as  proud  of  them  as  they  should 
be  of  themselves.  They  are  the  educated 
and  capable  representatives  of  what  the 
majority  of  their  sex  and  generation 
should  be  but  unfortunately  are  not, 
at  least  not  yet.  Perhaps  the  day  will 
soon  come  when  our  young  women  here 
will  be  all  that  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  coordi- 
nator says  they  are,  but  that  day  is  de- 
cidedly not  here  yet.  Therefore,  until 
that  time  arrives,  one  cannot  truthfully 


write  what  the  author  of  "Chinese  Wo- 
men in  San  Francisco"  has  written.  We 
regret  having  to  write  all  this,  because 
we  would  like  to  believe  that  what  Mrs. 
Lee  has  said  about  our  young  women 
is  absolutely  true.  But  her  statements 
are  more  in  the  nature  of  wishful  think- 
ing than  of  demonstrable  facts. 


China  Maid  For  the  past  year  there 
Anniversary  has  been  published  up 
in  Portland,  Oregon,  a 
yellow  cover  monthly  mimeographed  pa- 
per called  the  China  Maid  Journal. 
Written  by  four  local  girls,  June  Dove 
Wong,  Gloria  V.  Wong,  Clara  Chong, 
and  Alice  Chong,  it  is  a  sprightly  little 
paper  which  does  not  boast  of  any  lofty 
aims  but  simply  an  organ  whereby 
the  various  happenings  among  the 
younger  generation  there,  are  set  down 
and  circulated  for  their  enjoyment.  Con- 
ceived as  an  amateur  journalistic  hobby, 
it  has  become  a  part  of  the  young  peo- 
ple's life  in  Portland.  It's  primary  ap- 
peal is  its  social  news  and  gossip  items, 
interspersed  with  a  fashion  page,  cinema 
reviews,  crossword  puzzles,  and  occasional 
interviews. 

With  the  April  issue  the  China  Maid 
Journal  completed  its  first  year.  There 
was  no  special  number,  but  the  same  mod- 
est little  thing  it  started  out  as.  And  mod- 
estly the  editors  wrote:  "We  hope  to 
have  done  some  good  in  this  community, 
and  may  the  China  Maid  Journal  con- 
tinue its  enterprise."  There  is  always 
something  naive,  unostentatious,  and  un- 
affected about  an  amateur  publication, 
and  we  have  found  these  qualities  in 
this  mimeographed  newspaper  which  to 
us  are  captivating  qualities,  worthy  of 
emulation.  We  have  enjoyed  reading 
the  occasional  issues  of  this  journal  that 
have  come  to  us  and  we,  too,  hope  that 
it  may  continue  its  good  work.  To  the 
China  Maid  Journal,  then,  a  rousing 
Kung  Hay!  on  their  first  anniversary. 


China'  An  interesting  advertisement  re- 
townia  cently  appeared  dairy  for  more 
than  a  month  in  the  pages  of  the 
Sai  Gai  Yat  Po  (Chinese  World)  here. 
Translated  literally,  the  piece  was  labeled 
"Appeal  Marriage  Advertisement,"  that 
is,  a  personal  advertisement  of  one  who 
seeks  a  wife.  The  advertiser  stated  that 
he  was  a  young  man  of  thirty-two  or 
thereabout  (we  forgot  his  exact  age) , 
of  good  character,  that  he  was  seeking  a 
wife  and  that  whoever  was  interested 
should  communicate  with  him  by  letter 
or  make  an  appointment  for  a  personal 
interview.  He  then  gave  several  names 
as  references  and  finally  his  address  and 
telephone  number. 

This  was  one  of  the  most  intriguing 
Chinese  ads  we've  run  across  in  a  long 
time  and  was  the  first  one  of  such  a  na- 
ture we  have  seen,  although  similar  ads 
may  have  been  placed  in  Chinese  papers 
by  others  in  the  past. 

We  did  a  little  checking  up,  and  found 
that  the  address  given  in  the  advertise- 
ment was  that  of  a  Chinese  laundry  a 
short  distance  from  Chinatown.  We  de- 
duced from  that,  therefore,  that  the 
advertiser  must  be  a  Iaundryman  and 
that  being  in  such  a  business  where  one  is 
required  to  work  anywhere  from  ten  to 
fourteen  hours  a  day,  a  young  bachelor 
would  have  no  time  to  look  for  a  wife 
through  regular  socially  accepted  chan- 
nels. Hence  he  resorted  to  a  good  Amer- 
ican custom,  the  want-ad  section.  The 
only  thing  we  didn't  understand  was  why 
this  particular  wife-seeker  did  not  obtain 
the  services  of  a  matchmaker. 

Anyway,  he  advertised.  Whether  the 
ad  brought  him  any  results  yet  we  don't 
know  and  probably  will  never  know.  But 
the  ad  is  no  longer  appearing. 


Tom  Him  and  Wong  Shee,  ages  51 
and  47  respectively,  were  recently  mar- 
ried according  to  American  custom, 
which  is  to  say  they  took  out  a  marriage 
license  and  were  married  by  a  justice. 
To  the  local  American  press  it  was  as- 
sumed that  these  two  were  being  married 
for  the  first  time,  and  by  erroneously 
(Continued  on   page   19) 


LOTUS  FESTIVAL 

On  Saturday,  May  14,  the  Federation  of  Chinese  Clubs  in  San  Francisco  will  give 
another  benefit  for  war  relief  funds — this  time  to  be  a  Lotus  festival.  The  program 
will  consist  of  dancing,  a  Chinese  fashion  parade,  and  Chinese  entertainment  numbers. 
Youth  groups  from  all  over  the  state  are  invited  to  be  in  San  Francisco  for  this  affair. 

The  exotically  gowned  young  lady  whose  picture  appears  on  our  front  page  this 
month  is  Mrs.  Henry  Woo,  who  is  chairman  of  the  entertainment  committee  of  the 
Lotus  festival.  The  lotus,  which  blossoms  in  the  summer,  is  a  symbol  of  purity  in  Bud- 
dhism, so  that  the  figure  of  the  Buddha  which  is  the  background  for  this  picture  is  ap- 
propriate. The  photograph,  we  hardly  need  to  tell  you,  is  by  Wallace  H.  Fong. 


> 


*<*/ 


Page  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,  1938 


FAR     EAST 


THE  FACTS  ABOUT 
COMMUNISM  IN  CHINA 

(Concluded) 

The  most  enthusiastic  supporters  of 
the  Kuo  Min  Tang  will  not  claim  that 
much  progress  was  made  during  the  first 
twenty  years  of  the  Republican  regime 
in  carrying  into  effect  the  Three  People's 
Principles  laid  down  by  Sun  Yat-Sen. 
Japan  herself  was  largely  responsible.  By 
encouraging  the  ambitions  of  Yuan  Shih- 
Kai  to  convert  his  presidential  chair  into 
an  imperial  throne,  by  presenting  China 
with  the  infamous  "Twenty-one  De- 
mands," by  advancing  huge  loans  to  war- 
lords and  subsidizing  civil  war,  by  refus- 
ing to  surrender  to  China  the  territory  in 
Shantung  formerly  leased  to  Germany, 
by  obstructing  the  victorious  northward 
march  of  the  National  Revolutionary 
troops  to  Peiping,  and  by  giving  support 
to  every  movement  aimed  at  weakening 
the  authority  of  the  National  govern- 
ment, Japan  herself  created  precisely  that 
atmosphere  which  made  it  easy  for  com- 
munist agitators  to  gain  supporters. 

It  was  quite  obvious  at  that  time  that 
the  National  government  had  not  suc- 
ceeded in  uniting  the  country,  but  it  was 
not  so  obvious  to  the  simple  peasants  who 
listened  to  communist  appeals  why  this 
national  disunity  remained.  More  im- 
portant to  them  than  the  government's 
failure  to  bring  rival  war-lords  under  con- 
trol, was  the- fact  that  the  many  grievances 
of  the  agrarian  population  dating  from 
monarchial  period  had  not  received  the 
immediate  attention  and  relief  that  had 
been  expected,  and  consequently  many 
were  ready  to  accept  the  promises  that 
Communism  would  speedily  bring  them 
relief. 

But  here  again  Japan  was  responsible 
for  stimulating  the  communist  movement 
in'  China.  Her  invasion  of  Manchuria 
in  1931  had  the  effect  of  undoing  all  the 
work  that  had  been  done  in  dispersing 
the  military  forces  under  communist  con- 
trol, and  not  until  the  summer  of  1933 
was  General  Chiang  Kai-Shek  able  to 
plan  and  inaugurate  another  campaign  to 
clear  Kiangsi  from  Red  influence. 

It  may  be  explained  here  that  the  clash 
between  the  Quo  Min  Tang  and  the 
Chinese  Communist  party  came  about, 
not  so  much  as  a  result  of  the  latter's  dis- 
approval of  the  former's  political  plat- 
form, but  mainly  because  the  Communists 
sought  to  wrest  control  of  the  National 
administration  and  make  of  it  a  phase  of 
world-revolution.    In  the  early  days  of 


the  Chinese  revolution  an  earnest  effort 
had  been  made  by  Dr.  Sun  Yat-Sen  to 
accept  communist  support  in  giving  ef- 
fect to  his  plan,  but  on  the  strict  under- 
standing that  they  were  to  work  as  in- 
dividuals within  his  party,  and  not  seek  to 
disrupt  it.  This  pledge,  however,  was 
soon  broken,  with  the  result  that  the 
Communists  were  expelled. 

After  Manchuria  was  occupied  by  Ja- 
pan in  1931,  the  Communists  accused  the 
National  government  of  failing  to  take 
effective  measures  to  check  Japan's  ag- 
gressive advance,  and  sought  to  rally  na- 
tional opinion  to  their  support. 

Within  the  Kuo  Min  Tang  itself  there 
were  differences  of  opinion  as  to  what 
should  be  done  in  the  face  of  Japan's 
continual  aggression.  Some  favored  an 
immediate  challenge  to  the  invaders, 
while  others- were  inclined  to  secure  tem- 
porary peace,  meanwhile  concentrating 
the  nation's  energies  upon  preparing  for 
the  fight  for  life  which  they  believed 
China  would  eventually  have  to  make. 

Further  discussion  as  to  which  was  the 
wiser  course  to  pursue  came  to  an  abrupt 
end  by  Japan  herself  taking  the  initiative 
in  starting  hostilities.  Refusing  to  settle 
the  Marco  Polo  bridge  "incident"  last 
July  by  diplomatic  negotiation,  the  Jap- 
anese army  started  to  "chastise  the  out- 
rageous Chinese"  by  launching  an  attack 
on  Peiping.  on  July  7.  The  immediate  re- 
sult of  this  was  to  close  up  the  few  re- 
maining minor  rifts  in  Chinese  political 
circles. 

The  next  political  development  was  the 
voluntary  renunciation  by  the  Chinese 
Communist  party  of  its  whole  platform 
as  an  expression  of  their  patriotic  desire 
to  support  the  National  government.  A 
manifesto  was  issued  by  the  Chinese  Com- 
munist party  in  September,  clarifying  the 
stand  of  the  party: 

■  1 .  The  Chinese  Communist  party  now 
pledges  to  exert  itself  to  the  utmost  for 
tfie  realization  of  Dr.  Sun  Yat-Sen's 
Three  Principles; 

2.  Abandon  all  measures  aimed  at  the 
overthrow  of  the  Kuo  Min  Tang,  and 
at  the  propagation  of  the  communist 
doctrines; 

3.  Dissolve  the  Soviet  Republic  of 
China  with  a  view  to  unifying  the  admin- 
istrative authority  of  China; 

4.  Abolish  the  Red  army  and  to  organ- 
ize its  forces  as  the  Nationalist  anny. 

The  communist  forces  were  accordingly 
reorganized  into  the  eighth  route  army  of 
the  National  government,  with  General 


Chu  Teh  and  General  Peng  Teh  Hui  as 
commander  and  deputy  commander  re- 
spectively, and  were  at  once  given  the  op- 
portunity they  had  so  long  desired  of 
going  into  action  against  the  Japanese 
invaders. 

It  must  be  pointed  out  that  there  was  a 
tremendous  difference  between  the  out- 
look of  Communists  in  China  and  their 
comrades  in  Europe.  Communism  has 
been  an  ideology  in  European  countries 
where  high  standards  of  living  were  gen- 
eral. In  China  the  great  problem  which 
has  to  be  solved  is  not  so  much  the  equit- 
able distribution  of  wealth  as  how  to  pro- 
duce it.  In  other  parts  of  the  world  Com- 
munists were  quite  definitely  opposed  to 
the  social  order  around  them,  and  sought 
to  change  it,  whereas  the  Chinese  Com- 
munist party  had  no  quarrel  with  the 
Kuo  Min  Tang  on  fundamental  politi- 
cal issues,  such  as  the  Three  People's 
Principles  for  creating  an  enlightened 
democracy  capable  of  producing  wealth 
for  itself — they  simply  wanted  to  take 
charge  of  the  revolution  in  order  to  have 
the  satisfaction  of  operating  and  direct- 
ing it  themselves.  The  original  split  be- 
tween the  two  was  largely  due  to  diverg- 
ent on  the  issue  whether  the  Revolution 
in  China  was  or  was  not  to  be  regarded 
as  a  phase  of  the  world-revolution. 

Communism  as  an  active  movement  in 
China  dates  back  only  to  about  1925,  and 
outside  the  small  circle  of  men  who  were 
actually  in  touch  with  the  Third  Interna- 
tional, was  little  more  than  an  open  ex- 
pression of  dissatisfaction  at  the  slow 
progress  made  by  the  Kuo  Min  Tang. 

The  decision  by  the  Chinese  commun- 
ists to  dissolve  its  administrative  ma- 
chinery and  support  of  the  administration, 
was  a  step  which  had  been  anticipated 
bv  those  who  knew.  In  August,  1936 
more  than  a  year  before  the  decision  was 
reached — Mao  Tse-Tung,  leader  of  the 
Communists  in  China,  had  declared  that 
important  points  in  their  platform  would 
be  abandoned  if  it  would  lead  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  "popular  front"  lined 
up  to  resist  Japanese  aggression;  declar- 
ing that  the  property  of  rich  farmers 
would  not  be  confiscated  if  those  wealthy 
men  supported  the  movement  to  resist 
Japan.  Thus,  thirteen  months  before 
liquidating  their  movement,  the  Chinese 
communists  had  abandoned  several  of 
their  most  cherished  theories. 

General  Chiang  Kai-Shek  made  the 
Kuo  Ming  Tang  position  quite  clear  in  a 
statement  published  on  Sept.   22,   1937, 


May,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


stating  that  the  National  government 
would  gladly  accept  the  service  of  any 
political  organization  which  sincerely  de- 
sired to  stem  foreign  aggression  and  work 
fdr  the  cause  under  the  leadership  of  the 
Kuo  Min  Tang. 

"The  manifesto  recently  issued  by  the 
Chinese  Communist  party  is  an  outstand- 
ing instance  of  triumph  of  the  national 
sentiment  over  every  other  consideration. 
The  decisions  embodied  in  the  manifesto, 
such  as  the  abandonment  of  violence,  ces- 
sation of  communist  propaganda,  aboli- 
tion of  the  Chinese  Soviets,  and  the 
abandonment  of  the  Red  army,  are  all  es- 
sential measures  toward  the  mobiliza- 
tion of  national  strength  for  the  purpose 
of  repelling  attacks  on  our  national  exist- 
ence. 

"These  decisions  embody  the  spirit  of 
the  manifesto  and  resolutions  adopted  by 
the  last  plenary  session  of  the  Kuo  Min 
Tang.  The  allegiance  now  openly  avowed 
by  the  Communists  to  the  cause  of  the 
Three  People's  Principles  has  happily 
closed  the  last  gap  in  our  national 
armour. 

"Now  that  the  nation  is  solidly  united, 
it  may  be  said  with  confidence  that  the 
course  hitherto  cautiously  steered  by  the 
National  government  will  be  continued 
with  undivided  support.  The  consolida- 
tion of  internal  solidarity  further  enables 
us  to  marshal  all  our  national  resources 
to  combat  external  aggression  in  the  spirit 
of  self-reliance.  I  am  firmly  convinced 
that  in  fighting  for  her  own  existence 
China  is  also  fighting  for  the  cause  of 
international  peace  and  justice." 

(The  foregoing  is  condensed  from  an 
8,000-word  article  in  the  China  Liberty 
Bulletin,  Hongkong,  China.) 

FAR  EAST— THE 
SINO-JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Day  by  day  resume  of  the  highlights 
of  the  present  "undeclared  war"  between 
China  and  Japan,  continued  from  last 
issue.) 

March  22 — Chinese  preventing  Jap- 
anese from  entering  Suchow  by  driving 
the  latter's  armies  northward. 

March  27 — Chinese  drive  succeeds  in 
capturing  two  cities  in  Southern  Shan- 
tung. 

April  4 — Chinese  report  recapture  of 
Taierhchwang,  strategic  spot  north  of 
Suchow,  junction  of  the  north  and  south 
Tientsin-Nanking  railway  and  the  east- 
west  Lunghai  line.    A  division  of  Jap- 


anese troops  was  reported  wiped  out  in 
the  battle  for  possession  of  this  key 
point. 

April  8 — Chinese  military  reports  Jap- 
anese forces  in  complete  rout  16  miles 
north  of  Taierhchwang.  The  recapture 
of  this  city  by  Chinese  is  considered  one 
of  the  smashing  victories  of  the  entire 
"undeclared  war." 

April  10 — A  large  Chinese  army  as- 
sembles for  an  attack  on  Tsinan,  capital 
of  Shantung  and  a  key  point  on  the 
Tientsin-Pukow  railroad.  Heavy  Japa- 
nese reinforcements  poured  into  the  prov- 
ince from  North  China  to  prevent  threat- 
ened isolation  of  Japanese  forces  along 
the  Tientsin-Pukow  railroad.  Another 
Japanese  aerial  raid  on  Canton  killed 
more  than  100  persons. 

April  12 — Japanese  airplanes  bombed 
Changsha,  capital  of  Hunan,  resulting  in 
the  second  destruction  of  Tsinghua  uni- 
versity (which  was  removed  here  from 
Peiping)  and  the  razing  of  the  Hunan 
Provincial  library. 

April  13 — Chinese  report  recapture  of 
Chufu,  Shantung,  birthplace  of  Confu- 
cius, also  on  the  Tientsin-Pukow  railway, 
in  a  hand  to  hand  combat. 

April  14 — Guerilla  activities  around 
Shanghai  reported  increasing.  Irregulars 
in  Pootung  were  being  led  by  a  girl, 
Wang  Pa-mei,  in  night  attacks  on  Jap- 
anese garrisons  ther,e. 

April  15 — Reports  emanating  from 
Hankow  told  of  a  purge  in  the  Chinese 
army  by  orders  of  Gen.  Chiang  Kai-Shek, 
eight  high  ranking  officers  having  been 
executed  and  eight  others  imprisoned. 

April  16 — Chiang  Kai-Shek  throws 
50,000  troops  across  the  Yellow  river 
to  launch  a  new  offensive  in  Southern 
Shansi  province  after  victories  on  three 
Shantung  fronts.  Meanwhile,  the  Jap- 
anese were  rushing  reinforcements,  esti- 
mated at  120,000  men,  in  an  effort  to 
resume  the  offensive  in  Southern  Shan- 
tung. 

A  crisis  in  the  Japanese  government 
was  impending  over  Japan's  military  re- 
verses in  China  and  the  demand  of  army 
and  navy  leaders  for  wartime  control 
of  the  nation. 

April  19 — Chinese  military  reports  re- 
capture of  a  20-mile  stretch  of  the  Grand 
Canal,  giving  the  Japanese  another  set- 
back. 

April  23 — China's  Ministry  of  Finance 
announced  it  would  float  a  National  De- 
fense Loan  of  500,000,000  Chinese  dol- 


lars (about  #135,000,000  gold)  May.  1, 
to  be  redeemable  in  30  years. 

Japanese  pouring  new  troops  down  the 
Tientsin-Pukow  railway  in  the  second 
stage  of  the  new  Shantung  offensive. 

April  26 — Chinese  war  office  reports 
that  500,000  Chinese  and  300,000  Jap- 
anese troops  were  locked  in  a  series  of 
battles  outside  Suchow.  In  addition,  the 
Japanese  had  about  200,000  men  in  re- 
serve around  Tsinan.  General  Li  Tsung- 
jen  commands  the  Chinese  forces  on  the 
Suchow  front. 


BOOKS  ON  THE  SINO- 
JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

For  the  general  public  the  day  by  day 
military  and  political  movements  in  the 
present  undeclared  war  between  i  China 
and  Japan  may  be  gleaned  from  the 
American  daily  press  as  they  are  reported 
by  some  of  the  world's  foremost  foreign 
correspondents.  However,  the  daily  press, 
dealing  as  it  does  with  events  which  are 
taking  place  at  the  moment,  cannot  give 
the  interested  reader  the  significance  and 
background  of  the  gigantic  struggle  be- 
tween China  and  Japan.  For  this  infor- 
mation, data,  and  knowledge  one  must 
go  to  a.  veritable  mass  of  books  which 
have  been  published  during  the  past  sev- 
eral years  on  various  aspects  of  this  Fat 
Eastern  problem.  From  these  publica- 
tions one  may  obtain  a  historical  perspec- 
tive in  viewing  this  present  Sino-Japanese 
conflict,  and  in  learning  some  of  the  im- 
mediate and  ultimate  factors  involved  for 
both  of  the  countries  in  the  conflict. 

The  following  30  books  and  pamphlets 
are  selected  and  recommended  for  those 
who  wish  to  be  really  well-informed  oh 
Sino-Japanese  problems.  Without  excep- 
tion all  of  the  titles  have  been  published 
within  recent  years,  which  is  in  itself  sig- 
nificant, showing  the  Sino-Japanese  prob- 
lem as  one  loaded  with  potential  and 
actual  dynamite,  and  pregnant  with  inter- 
national complications.  This  list  was  pre- 
pared by  the  American  Council  of  the 
Institute  of  Pacific  Relations.  One,  The 
North  China  Problem,  was  reviewed  in 
the  last  issue  of  the  Chinese  Digest. 

"The  Sino- Japanese  Controversy 
and  the  League  of  Nations"  by  W. 
W.  Willoughby.  (Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity Press,  Baltimore,  1935.  733  pp., 
p.) 

An   objective    account    of   the    events 
leading  up  and  subsequent  to  the  seizure 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


1/ 


Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,  1938 


ART     AND    CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


(le^lectio+U  oh  Some  Jliten&uf  RefputU  .  . 


Three  distinctive  literary  reforms  ini- 
tiated in  China  about  two  decades  ago 
survived  scores  of  others.  That  which 
has  been  fittingly  called  a  part  of  the 
Renaissance  or  New  Thought  movement 
may  be  considered  first.  Through  their 
creative  periodical,  the  Hsin  Ch'ing  Nien 
or  La  Jeunesse  (I  wondered  if  they  had 
been  reading  Les  Encouragemens  de  La 
Jeunesse,  par  J.  N.  Bouilly)  Ch'en  Tu- 
hsiu,  Hu  Shih,  Tsai  Yuan-pai,  and  others 
of  a  charmed  circle,  advocated  the  exam- 
ining anew  everything  connected  with 
life — hence  the  term  New  Thought  move- 
ment. They  abandoned  the  age-old  clas- 
sical wen-li  or  the  written  language  of 
the  scholars  in  preference  for  the  pai- 
hua,  the  so-called  vulgar  language  of  the 
common  people,  and  proved  by  their 
writings  that  the  subtlest  poetical  con- 
cepts and  the  most  accurate  scientific 
thoughts  are  possible  with  this  medi- 
um. Since  1917  they  never  wavered  from 
this  regime,  being  convinced  that  this 
change  is  as  inevitable  as  was  the  change 
from  the  classical  to  the  vulgate  Latin 
in  Europe. 

That  this  reform  has  been  highly  suc- 
cessful is  proved  by  the  predominance  of 
pai-hua  over  wen-li  in  the  press  of  our 
days.  It  is  not  essentially  a  "new"  re- 
form, for  many  attempts  were  made  in 
this  direction  in  the  past,  as  for  example, 
the  writing  of  historical  novels  in  the 
simpler  style  during  the  Sung  dynasty 
and  the  production  of  popular  dramas 
during  the  Mongol  period.  The  mis- 
sionaries, too,  had  always  translated  the 
Bible   into   pai-hua.    Even   the   agnostic 


philosophy  of  the  New  Thought  move- 
ment is  not  necessarily  new.  Did  not 
the  Sacred  Edict  of  K'ang  Hsi,  as  re- 
written in  the  simpler  style  during  the 
reign  of  his  son  in  1724,  exhort  the 
people  to  forsake  idolatrous  Buddhism 
and  fanatic  Christianity?  What  made 
the  movement  "new"  is  that  it  was 
overwhelmingly  successful. 

On  the  heels  of  the  New  Thought 
movement  was  the  Mass  Education 
movement.  Called  upon  to  handle  thou- 
sands of  Chinese  war  workers  in  France 
during  the  last  World  war,  enterprising 
James  Yen  taught  them  scores  of  "basic" 
Chinese  ideographs  so  that  they  could 
follow  simply  printed  instructions.  To 
his  surprise  he  found  them  as  capable 
of  instruction  as  they  were  eager  to 
learn.  In  1919  the  Chinese  Laborers' 
Weekly  was  published  in  Paris.  Upon 
his  return  to  China,  James  Yen  cooper- 
ated with  the  Chinese  National  com- 
mittee of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  forming 
a  group  to  cull  from  the  daily  papers 
one  thousand  (actually  1400)  of  the 
most  frequently  used  words.  With  this 
vocabulary  he  composed  a  set  of  text 
books  by  which  illiterates  may  learn 
enough  to  read  and  write  simple  letters. 
Then  he  and  an  army  of  volunteers 
would  enter  different  villages  (where 
maybe  only  10  per  cent  could  be  called 
literate)  and  offer  to  give  a  picked  group 
three  months'  lessons  free  of  charge, 
provided  that  upon  graduation  they 
would  in  turn  teach  others  until  the 
whole  village  was  covered.  In  this  way, 
within   a   year's   time,   village   after   vil- 


fl"R6flL"    CHIM656    ALPHABcT 


cw 


Look  carefully  and  you  will  find  that  every  letter  in  this  "A  B  C"  is  composed  of  bona- 
fide  Chinese  ideographs  currently  in  use.  If  you  have  a  little  knowledge  of  English  and  Chinese 
you  can  learn  the  above  alphabet  in  26  seconds.  But  more  important  than  this  is  the  fact 
that  it  is  a  true  alphabet  with  greater  flexibility  than  the  Phonetics  and  may  eventually  bridge 
the  gap  between  the  languages  of  the  East  and  the  West. 


lage  would  find  themselves  fairly  eru- 
dite— and  many  of  them  would  have 
publications  of  their  own. 

Again  this  experiment  is  not  neces- 
sarily "new,"  for  many  thousand-word 
vocabularies  and  texts  were  printed  since 
the  beginning  of  this  century,  such  as  the 
illustrated  Kuo  Min  Tzu  Huo  Tao  Shou 
with  1400  words,  printed  in  1915,  not  to 
mention  the  famous  Ch'ien  Tzu  Wen  of 
the  sixth  century.  What  made  this  re- 
form unique  is  that  since  1922  it  has 
given  elementary  education,  together  with 
citizenship  training,  to  some  twenty  mil- 
lion people — truthfully  said  to  be  the 
greatest  educational  project  since  the  be- 
ginning of  recorded  history. 

The  third  reform  was  initiated  by  the 
National  Ministry  of  Education  at  Pe- 
king and  consisted  in  the  creation  of  a 
set  of  Chu-yin  Tzu-mu  or  phonetic  sym- 
bols— called  an  "alphabet"  by  many — so 
that  the  students  may  get  the  correct 
pronunciation  of  words  more  readily. 
Heretofore  the  lexicologists  depended  on 
either  the  use  of  homonyms  or  the  cum- 
bersome fan-chih  to  render  the  sound. 
The  National  Phonetics  consisted  of 
twenty-four  initials  (consonants)  three 
p-edials  (ee,  oo,  and  yu) ,  and  twelve 
finals  (a,  u,  en,  ang,  etc.),  totaling  forty 
all  together.  Our  eminent  Chinatownian, 
Churchill  Chiu,  was  a  member  of  that 
historic  committee  and  rendered  valu- 
able services.  Another  Cantonese,  Wu 
Chih-hui,  proposed  a  special  symbol  to 
take  care  of  the  Cantonese  umlaut  "o" 
(like  eu  in  heuh,  shoe) .  This  phonetic 
is  the  undeciphered  symbol  we  find  in 
the  early  Chi  knives  (Chinese  Digest, 
February,  1938). 

Is  spelling  a  "new"  thing  in  China? 
Not  if  we  consider  the  fan-chih  system 
as  created  by  the  early  pre-T'ang  Bud- 
dhist scholars  to  represent  difficult  San- 
skrit words  foreign  to  the  Chinese.  These 
scholars  knew  of  the  western  alphabet, 
but  did  not  think  enough  of  it  to  advo- 
cate its  adoption.  Correctly  they  sur- 
mised that  only  with  ideographs  could  a 
language  attain  permanence  and  univer- 
sality. In  fan-chih  two  words  are  placed 
together  to  represent  the  sound  of  a 
third  word,  the  first  one  furnishing  the 
initial  consonant  and  the  second,  the 
rest.  Thus  cha  and  lin  placed  together 
would  give  us  "ch-in." 

The  Phonetics  failed  to  replace  the 
ideographs,  which,  of  course,  was  not  the 
intention  of  the  Ministry.  It  was  adopted 
generally  by  all  the  textbooks  and  die- 


v* 


May,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Kage  7 


tionaries  for  students,  and  philologists 
found  them  very  useful  in  the  study  of 
sound  and  romanization  (by  romaniza- 
tion  is  meant  the  representation  of  Chi- 
nese sound  with  modern  alphabets) .  Be- 
ing derived  from  archaic  ideographs,  but 
few  of  the  symbols  give  clues  to  pro- 
nunciation; and  special  types  are  re- 
quired to  print  them. 

What  if  the  Ministry  had  worked  out 
a  true  alphabet  with  letters  so  simply  con- 
structed as  to  border  on  shorthand  yet 
not  be  so  stark  as  to  make  instantaneous 
recognition  difficult,  with  surds  and  so- 
nants suitably  correlated,  and  with  the 
values  of  vowels  and  diphthongs  and 
their  relation  to  the  liquid  consonants 
graphically  visualized?  Such  an  alpha- 
bet, entirely  within  the  realm  of  possi- 
bility, would  be  one  of  the  best  in  the 
world.  But  such  a  system  would  still 
be  scintillatingly  apart  from  a  galaxy 
of  garden  variety  but  related  systems. 

Brazenly  let  us  enter  the  living  forest 
of  ideographs  to  see  if  we  can  find 
enough  ideographs  currently  in  use  to 
form  an  abecedary,  vowing  neither  to 
alter  nor  mutilate  any  specimens  dis- 
covered. Such  an  alphabet  is  represented 
on  Table  One.  What  of  such  a  system? 
It  ill  profits  us  to  point  out  that  any  one 
knowing  Chinese  and  English  can  learn 
this  by  just  reading  it  through  once,  or 
that  one  who  knows  only  Chinese  can 
learn  it  in  half  the  time  required  to  mas- 
ter the  present  Phonetics.  Nor  is  the 
fact  that  this  alphabet  has  only  26  letters 
against  the  Phonetic  40,  or  that  the  print- 
ers do  not  need  new  types  to  print  them 
of  momentous  importance. 

The  value  of  this  "Chinese  Alphabet" 
lies  in  the  fact  that  with  it  the  Chinese 
language,  when  and  if  it  ever  chooses 
to  leave  the  ideographic  mood,  may  in- 
stantly join  the  world  of  modern  lan- 
guages, such  as  English,  French,  or  Ger- 
man. This  is  a  true  alphabet,  whereas 
the  Phonetics  include  syllabic  symbols, 
which,  though  not  objectionable  by 
themselves,  unfortunately  have  "frozen" 
one  of  the  vowels  ("e"  in  ten) ,  thereby 
limiting  the  usefulness  of  the  Phonetics. 

With  the  "Chinese  Alphabet"  the  tele- 
graphs, typewriters,  and  linotypes  of  the 
alphabetic  world  would  be  able  to  copy 
directly  from  the  Chinese  text  without 
having  first  to  "translate"  the  Phonetics 
into  letters;  these  Chinese  letters  are 
closer  to  the  Roman  letters  than  either 
the  Greek  or  the  German  alphabets,  and 
in  time  they  may  be  even  closer. 

Objectors  may  point  out  that  this  is 
essentially  romanization.  The  answer  is 
that  various  systems  of  romanization  have 
had   nearly   a   century   of   headway   but 


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One  of  many  systems  of  Romanization.    All   systems   are   a   compromise   between   strict 
accuracy  and  popular  usage. 


have  not  got  far  because  the  letters  are 
too  foreign  to  Chinese  eyes.  With  this 
script  the  East  and  the  West  meet  half- 
way. 

Related  articles  which  may  appear 
later:  "Less  Successful  Literary  Re- 
forms," "Problems  with  Chinese  Short- 
hand Systems,"  "Essential  Steps  Toward 
a  Practical  Ideographic  Typewriter," 
"Romanization  and  the  Tonic  System," 
and  others. 


Namhoi,  Kwangtung.  —  After  many 
years  as  a  merchant  in  the  United  States, 
Liao  Shu-tsang  retired  and  returned  to 
his  village  in  Namhoi  district  10  years 
ago.  Recently,  on  his  death-bed,  he  made 
his  will  in  which  he  stipulated  that  half 
of  his  $30,000  ($100,000  Chinese  money) 
worth  of  property  was  to  be  converted 
into  cash  and  given  to  the  government  to 
resist  Japanese  aggression. 


.-*• 


Cage  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,  1938 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


CHINESE  COAL  MINERS 
OF  WYOMING 

As  Told  by  Eddie  Jung 
Whether  it  is  in  the  tropical  climate 
of  the  South,  or  the  freezing  tempera- 
ture of  the  North,  one  can  find  the  far- 
wandering  Chinese  in  those  regions; 
whether  it  is  in  the  thickly  populated 
urban  centers  of  the  East,  or  in  the 
sparsely  settled  rural  towns  of  the  West, 
again  you  will  find  some  Chinese  people 
there.  I  went  to  Wyoming  on  a  photo- 
graphic assignment  for  the  Federal  gov- 
ernment, and  also  on  a  special  assign- 
ment for  the  Chinese  Digest  to  find 
out  something  about  the  Chinese  in  that 
state.  Some  of  my  findings  were  highly 
interesting. 

I  discovered  that  at  one  time  there 
were  over  5000  Chinese  coal  miners 
working  for  the  old  Union  Pacific  rail- 
road, so  I  began  to  contact  the  Chinese 
and  public  officials  of  Evanston,  Green 
River,  and  Rock  Springs.  I  am  indebted 
to  Charles  Young,  former  mayor  of 
Green  River  and  now  the  Night  Mar- 
shall, for  the  information  he  gave  me 
and  the  contacts  he  made  possible   for 


this  story. 

Chinese  Came  in  1886 

The  Chinese  were  brought  to  Wyo- 
ming in  1886  by  the  Union  Pacific  rail- 
road to  work  in  the  coal  mines.  The 
U.  P.  linked  with  the  Central  Pacific 
as  the  East  to  West  Transcontinental 
railroad  and  tapped  the  rich  coal  mines 
in  Wyoming.  Chinese  labor  was  intro- 
duced to  exploit  the  mines  in  the  land 
grants  acquired  by  the  Union  Pacific. 
During  the  first  year  of  coal  mining 
about  1000  laborers  were  brought  in 
from  the  west  coast.  Due  to  the  tol- 
erance of  the  Chinese  to  hard  working 
conditions  and  low  wages,  the  Union 
Pacific  found  it  quite  profitable  to  intro- 
duce Chinese  laborers  by  the  carloads. 
So  in  1888  there  were  at  least  5000  to 
6000  Chinese  laborers  in  Wyoming. 

The  mines  were  located  in  Rock 
Springs.  However,  the  Chinese  set  up 
their  Chinatown  in  Evanston,  15  miles 
west  of  Rock  Springs,  the  western  ter- 
minus of  Wyoming.  Here  was  organized 
the  Tung  Sen  Tong,  a  benevolent  asso- 
ciation similar  to  the  Chinese  Consoli- 
dated Benevolent  Association  or  Chinese 


OLDEST  AND  YOUNGEST  CHINESE  IN  WYOMING 
The  picture  on  the  left  is  that  of  84-year-old  Lo  Cow,  once  a  railroad  track  builder  and 
coal  miner  in  Wyoming.  Typical  of  the  old-time  Chinese,  Lo  would  not  have  his  picture  taken, 
until  he  was  persuaded  by  his  friends  and  by  a  "lay  shee"  of  five  dollars.  The  picture  on  the 
left  shows,  Helen  and  Marion  Chin,  both  Wyoming-born,  who  belong  to  one  of  the  few 
Chinese  families  in  that  state.  Both  pictures  were  taken  by  Eddie  Jung  especially  for  the 
Chinese   Digest. 


Chamber  of  Commerce  in  other  China- 
towns of  America. 

Chinese  New  Year,  the  feast  of  the 
fifth  moon,  Ching  Ming  or  the  return 
of  the  spirits  to  earth,  the  Moon  Festival, 
and  other  festivities  of  the  lunar  calen- 
dar were  celebrated  with  the  same  zest 
and  zeal  as  in  the  Chinatown  of  San 
Francisco  or  of  New  York.  On  special 
occasions  a  Taoist  monk  would  be  called 
in  from  San  Francisco,  and  one  year  the 
Chinese  Dragon  (which  required  35  men 
to  handle)  was  brought  in  from  Sacra- 
mento for  Chinese  New  Year  and  pa- 
raded in  Evanston. 

Where  was  once  the  social  center  of 
5000  Chinese  in  Wyoming,  only  a  hand- 
ful of  Chinese  remain  today.  The  China- 
town has  vanished  and  no  landmark  is 
left  to  give  any  evidence  of  Chinese 
settlement  in  Rock  Springs  or  Evanston. 
Even  the  Joss  House  has  been  demol- 
ished. 
The  Rock  Springs  Massacre 

The  incident  which  sober-minded  citi- 
zens of  Wyoming  regret  today  was  the 
Chinese  massacre  of  1888.  Charlie 
Young,  the  friend  of  the  Chinese  in  the 
coal  mines  of  Rock  Springs,  was  an 
eye-witness  to  the  massacre.  The  white 
miners  were  resentful  of  the  introduction 
of  Chinese  laborers  in  the  coal  mines,  and 
the  right  of  way  which  the  coal  cars  were 
to  pass  was  subject  to  violent  debates, 
and  rifles  were  resorted  to  by  the  white 
miners.  In  two  days'  time  Chinatown  of 
Rock  Springs  was  razed  and  all  the 
Chinese  were  driven  out  with  consider- 
able bloodshed.  Governor  Warren 
quelled  the  riots  with  Federal  troops 
from  Cheyenne  and  the  incident  was 
settled  by  international  negotiations  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  China. 

After  this  incident  the  Chinese  be- 
gan to  leave  Wyoming  and  where  was 
once  a  flourishing  population  of  5000  in 
the  state,  there  remain  about  100  today. 
There  are  50  Chinese  in  Rock  Springs 
operating  four  restaurants  and  two  laun- 
dries; 28  in  Evanston  operating  four  res- 
taurants; 25  in  Laramie  operating  three 
restaurants  and  one  laundry.  A  few  are 
scattered  here  and  there  in  other  towns. 
Two  Old  Characters 

Two  lone  survivors  of  the  Chinese  pi- 
oneers lived  to  tell  the  tale  of  the  davs 
when  there  were  thousands  of  them  in 
the  state  of  Wyoming.  "China  Marv" 
of  Evanston  and  "Lo  Cow"  of  Rock 
Springs  are  historic  personalities  in  their 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


LJ-,^J.----JWSS*J+M&M 


May,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


THE    JADE    BOX 


Calling  all  women  and  girls  to  "fore- 
go silk  for  China,"  the  Square  and  Circle 
club  sent  its  second  appeal  to  all  China- 
town women's  organizations  to  support 
the  "Non-silk  Movement"  to  help  cur- 
tail Japan's  war  atrocities  in  China. 
Newspaper  clippings  of  collegiate  and 
American  women's  activities,  plans,  and 
endorsements  to  boycott  Japan  to  pro- 
test her  merciless  invasion  of  China  were 
appended  to  the  Open  Letter,  but 
through  lack  of  space  they  are  not  repro- 
duced here.  All  women's  organizations 
are  urged  to  enlist  in  this  cause  and  to 
send  in  an  endorsement  to  the  club  by 
the  15th  of  May  when  a  compilation  of 
participating  groups  will  be  made.  Will 
your  group,  no  matter  where  you  are,  be 
on  this  Honor  Roll?  Send  your  endorse- 
ment to  the  club,  care  of  the  Chinese 
Y.  W.  C.  A.,  965  Clay  street. 


"Lady  P'ing  Yu 


Sight,  Sound,  and  Story  have  been 
combined  most  effectively  in  the  educa- 
tion of  youth  today.  I  refer  to  the  glori- 
ously clever  presentations  of  symphonic 
masterpieces  at  the  Young  People's  con- 
certs at  the  Opera  house  recently,  where 
standing  room  only  was  available. 
The  cynic  who  thinks  cultural  taste  is 
lacking  in  the  young  people  of  today 
needs  only  to  sit  through  one  perform- 
ance to  observe  their  wholesome  enjoy- 
ment and  quiet  appreciation  of  Tschai- 
kowsky,  Mendelssohn,  Bizet,  and  other 
masters,  to  feel  ashamed  of  his  own  gen- 
eration's lack  of  real  cultural  apprecia- 
tion. And,  did  you  see  the  great  number 
of  Chinese  children  among  those  present? 


For  lovers  of  young  people  here's  more 
praiseworthy  news  to  cheer  your  hearts. 
On  April  23,  the  Chinese  students  of 
San  Mateo  junior  college  with  the  coop- 
eration of  the  Patriotic  league,  the  Chung 
Wah  Alumni  orchestra,  the  Radio  club, 
and  the  Golden  Circle  club,  presented  a 
beautiful  Chinese  cultural  program  be- 
fore an  appreciative  American  audience 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Refugee  Relief 
fund.  In  initiative,  talent,  hard  work, 
and  best  of  all  the  spirit  of  cooperation, 
these  high  school  and  college  age  young- 
sters can't  be  beat  and  they  are  to  be 
commended.  This  same  spirit  among  an 
older,  the  out-of-school  group  of  the 
Federation  of  Chinese  Clubs  will  be 
matched,  I  am  sure,  at  their  forthcoming 
Lotus  festival  to  be  given  on  May  14  at 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


The  top  picture  shows  Mrs.  Franklin  D.  Roosevelt,  wife  of  the  U.  S.  President,  when  she 
visited  the  Chinese  Nursery  school  in  Chinatown  on  March  14.  Mrs.  Roosevelt,  shown  on  the 
extreme  left,  smiles  on  a  few  of  the  thirty  tots  who  are  cored  for  daily  at  this  government- 
sponsored  nursery.  (This  picture  came  in  too  late  for  inclusion  in  the  last  issue  of  the  Chinese 
Digest.) 

The  lower  photo  has  Mrs.  C.  C.  Huang,  wife  of  the  Consul  General  in  San  Francisco,  and 
Jack  Chen,  artist,  looking  at  one  of  the  latter's  own  works  which  was  shown  wih  160  other 
examples  of  contemporary  Chinese  art  here  on  April  5-6  and  which  were  brought  here  by 
Jack  Chen  himself.  This  exhibition,  which  included  woodcuts,  cartoons,  drawings,  and  sketches, 
had  been  shown  in  Moscow,  in  England,  and  in  various  cities  in  the  U.  S.  It  was  shown  in 
San  Francisco  under  the  auspices  of  the  local  branch  of  the  American  Friends  of  the  Chinese 
People. 


Page   10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,   1938 


REVIEW    AND   COMMENTS 


Page  Confucius 

THE  WISDOM  OF  CONFUCIUS. 
Edited  by  Lin  Yutang.  299  pp.  Mod- 
ern Library  Series,  published  by  Ran- 
dom House $  -95 

THE  WISDOM  OF  THE  CHINESE. 
Edited  by  Brian  Brown.  208  pp.  Bren- 
tano's $1.00 

CONFUCIUS  SAID  IT  FIRST.  Edited 
by  Tehyi  Hsieh.  91  pp.  Plimpton  Press, 
Norwood,  Mass $1.50 

THE  ANALECTS  OF  CONFUCIUS. 
Translated  by  W.  E.  Soothill.  254  pp. 
World's  Classics  Series,  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Press,  N.  Y $  .80 

SELECTED  PEARLS  OF  WISDOM. 
Edited  by  Tehyi  Hsieh.  96  pp.  Plimp- 
ton Press,  Norwood,  Mass $1.50 

THE  MAKING  OF  SOCIETY.  Edited 
by  V.  F.  Calverton.  923  pp.  Modern 
Library  Series,  published  by  Random 
House $  .95 

The  six  books  listed  were  all  published 
only  within  recent  months,  and  three 
of  them  only  during  the  past  month. 
Since  adequate  review  of  each  is  not 
possible,  and  in  some  cases  unnecessary, 
we  shall  enumerate  briefly  the  contents 
of  each  instead. 

In  The  Wisdom  of  Confucius,  Lin 
Yutang  has  re-edited  the  traditional  ar- 
rangement of  the  Confucian  classics  and 
has  made  his  own  translation  of  them, 
with  the  exception  of  Chung  Yung  (Cen- 
tral Harmony,  or  the  Golden  Mean), 
in  which  Ku  Hung  Ming's  translation 
is  used. 

In  a  52-page  introduction  which  packs 
a  world  of  information  on  the  personal- 
ity of  Confucius  and  on  Confuscian  eth- 
ics, Dr.  Lin  explains  the  plan  of  his 
work:  "Chapter  II  gives  for  the  first 
time  in  English  a  translation  of  The 
Life  of  Confucius,  the  earliest  and  in 
fact  the  only  biographical  sketch  of  Con- 
fucius, written  by  the  great  historian, 
Szema  Ch'ien.  Chapter  III  on  'Central 
Harmony'  gives  a  complete  and  adequate 
philosophic  basis  to  the  whole  Confu- 
cian system,  while  Chapter  IV  on  'Ethics 
and  Politics'  develops  a  coherent  argu- 
ment .  .  .  for  the  connection  between 
ethics  and  politics,  between  personal  life, 
home  life,  national  life,  and  world  order. 
Chapter  V  then  gives  the  'aphorisms'  of 
Confucius,  selected  and  re-grouped  from 
the  Analects.  .  .  .  Chapters  VI,  VII,  and 
VIII  form  what  I  call  the  'Three  Confu- 
cian Discourses'  on  the  social  order.  .  .  . 
Chapters  IX  and  X  then  give  us  the 
Confucian  ideas  on  education  and  music, 
singularly  modern  in  point  of  view.  The 
chapter  on  music  is  one  of  the  longest 
in  Liki  and  is  actually  compiled  from 


a  dozen  chapters  from  the  lost  book  on 
music. 

"With  all  this,  the  reader  is  given  a  se- 
lection from  Mencius,  which  represents  a 
most  important  and  influential  develop- 
ment of  Confucian  philosophy.  All  the 
chapters  except  VIII  and  X  are  trans- 
lated in  full,  the  two  exceptions  being 
entirely  too  long." 

There  is  a  five-page  explanation  on 
his  own  method  of  translation.  "I  con- 
sider a  translation  in  this  case  is  indis- 
tinguishable from  paraphrase,  and  believe 
that  this  is  the  best  and  most  satisfying 
method."  The  academic  scholar  may  quar- 
rel with  Dr.  Lin  on  this  score,  since  this 
method  gives  a  translator  considerable 
ground  to  change  and  alter  the  mean- 
ings of  certain  Confucian  sayings  which 
may  or  may  not  be  intended  to  be  so 
in  this  first  place.  Dr.  Lin  knows  this, 
too,  and  he  added,  therefore:  "The  ex- 
tent to  which  connectives  and  amplifying 
phrases  are  allowable  has  by  necessity 
to  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  trans- 
lator, and  for  this  the  translator  has 
no  other  guide  than  his  own  insight  into 
the  wisdom  of  Confucius,  assisted,  of 
course,  by  the  commentators." 

But  for  the  general  reader  this  new 
translation  of  the  important  Confucian 
classics  gives  him  a  fresher  viewpoint 
and  better  understanding  of  a  system  of 
teaching  which  has  stood  the  test  of 
2000  years  and  which,  despite  the  infil- 
tration of  occidental  philosophies  into 
present-day  China,  will  continue  to  func- 
tion. All  the  metaphysical  abstractions 
in  these  classics  which  previous  transla- 
tors have  never  bothered  to  explain 
are  e  x  p  la  i  n  e  d  by  Dr.  Lin  and 
translated  into  simple  phrases.  In  this 
translation  of  his,  one  sees  in  America 
for  the  first  time  the  work  of  an  eminent 
Chinese  philologist.  This  present  work 
is  the  fruit  of  almost  a  decade  of  re- 
search and  intense  study  of  the  Con- 
fucian classics,  although  Dr.  Lin  does 
not  state  this  fact  in  his   introduction. 

The  Wisdom  of  the  Chinese  is  a  new 
popular  edition  of  a  work  first  pub- 
lished in  1920.  The  editor  has  collected 
together  some  of  the  significant  sayings 
of  Confucius,  Mencius,  Lao  Tze,  Chuang 
Tzu,  YangChu,  and  other  Chinese  philoso- 
phers. There  are  also  some  examples  of 
Chinese  poetry  (not  the  best  translations, 
am  afraid),  some  proverbs,  and  moral 
maxims.  The  examples  picked  are  from 
the  translations  of  Giles,  Legge,  Scar- 
borough, and  others.    At  the  time  this 


collection  was  first  published  it  was  quite 
useful  as  a  reference  book,  but  whether 
it  can  be  so  now  is  open  to  debate  since 
the  wise  sayings  of  the  Chinese  are  no 
longer  the  exotic  things  to  the  Americans 
(and  the  American-Chinese,  for  that 
matter)  today  that  they  were  eighteen 
years  ago. 

The  Analects  of  Confucius,  translated 
by  the  late  William  E.  Soothill,  was  first 
published  in  1910.  This  new  edition  is 
edited  by  his  daughter,  Lady  Hosie,  her- 
self a  capable  authority  on  things  Chi- 
nese, and  has  a  47-page  introduction  by 
her.  Now  published  in  a  convenient 
pocket-size  edition,  this  is  the  first  Chi- 
nese title  in  the  World's  Classics  series 
put  out  by  the  Oxford  University  press. 
Those  who  like  their  Confucian  classics 
should  compare  Soothill's  with  Lin  Yu- 
tang's  translation  and  see  which  is  su- 
perior in  workmanship  and  true  under- 
standing of  Confucianism. 

Confucius  Said  It  First  is  another  col- 
lection of  Confucian  aphorisms,  but  espe- 
cially designed  to  show  that  many  of 
the  wise  sayings  of  western  philosophers 
were  said  many  centuries  before,  although 
in  different  words,  by  the  Chinese  sage. 
For  example,  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  once 
said:  "With  consistency  a  great  soul  has 
simply  nothing  to  do."  Confucius  con- 
veyed the  same  thought  when  he  said, 
"Only  the  wisest  and  the  stupidest  of 
men  never  change."  The  collection  has 
a  foreword  by  Kiang  Kang-Hu  and  a 
35-page  introduction  by  the  editor,  Dr. 
Tehyi  Hsieh,  who  is  manager  of  Chi- 
nese Service  Bureau  in  Boston.  Much 
of  the  matter  contained  in  this  volume 
was  first  published  in  Collier's  years  ago. 
Selected  Pearls  of  Wisdom  is  also  ed- 
ited by  Tehyi  Hsieh  and  contains  wise 
sayings  of  scores  of  western  writers  and 
philosophers,  some  maxims  culled  from 
the  teachings  of  Buddhism,  and  three 
pages  of  Confucian  sayings.  Of  them  all 
the  two  bits  I  found  best  were  Chinese, 
one  a  motto,  the  other  a  poem  translated 
by  Upton  Close.  The  motto  was  "As 
water  to  a  thirsty  soul,  so  are  letters 
from  home  to  those  in  a  foreign  land." 
And  here's  the  poem: 

When  I  Was  Born 
When  I  was  born,  then  others  laughed, 

I  cried, 
But    others    wept,    I    did    the    laughing 

when  I  died. 
Birth   is  a   joyous   thing,  except   to   him 

who  is  born. 

(Continued  on  page  19) 


XrX&i&aGO&iS& 


May,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   11 


CHINATOWNIA 


SINO-JAPANESE  "WAR" 
IN  S.  F.  BAY 

By  Tsu  Pan 

On  Sunday  afternoon,  April  3,  on 
board  a  freighter  anchored  in  the  middle 
of  San  Francisco  bay,  an  irate  Japanese 
ship  captain  swung  his  diminutive  fist  at 
a  member  of  his  Chinese  crew.  It  con- 
nected with  the  jaw  of  the  intended  vic- 
tim. In  short  notice  other  Chinese  and 
Japanese  shipmates  joined  in  the  melee 
and  turned   it   into  a   free-for-all   affair. 

Such  a  pugilistic  episode  seemed  com- 
monplace among  followers  of  the  sea. 
But  this  one  set  the  spark  to  the  long 
smoldering  fire  of  hatred  between  the 
Chinese  crew  and  Japanese  officers  on 
the  vessel  S.  S.  Kwang  Yuan  and  ignited 
it  into  open  conflagration.  Following  the 
affray,  both  sides  sought  legal  counsel, 
and  at  this  writing  they  are  waging  a 
legal  Sino-Japanese  "war"  in  the  court 
rooms  of  San  Francisco. 

Background  of  the  fight  aboard  the 
freighter  and  the  present  legal  dispute 
concerns  the  movement  of  the  2000-ton 
S.  S.  Kwang  Yuan,  alias  S.  S.  Tokuko 
Maru,  alias  Edna  Christenson,  now  an- 
chored off  the  Mission  Rock  in  S.  F.  Bay. 
About  a  year  ago  the  Yung  Yuan  Steam- 
ship company  of  Chefoo,  China,  pur- 
chased the  S.  S.  Edna  Christenson  from 
the  San  Francisco  firm  of  Sudden  and 
Christenson,  and  changed  the  ship's  name 
to  S.  S.  Kwang  Yuan.  The  Chinese  com- 
pany sent  three  Japanese  officers  and 
tw:nty  Chinese  crewmen  to  navigate  the 
ship  to  China.  In  order  to  make  the 
voyage  pay,  the  Chinese  company  asked 
its  Japanese  agent  to  solicit  some  cargo 
shipment.  They  got  it — 3,000  tons  of 
scrap  iron  destined  for  a  munition  plant 
in  Japan.  All  this,  however,  was  done 
before  the  outbreak  of  the  present  Sino- 
Japanese  war. 

(Continued  on  page  12) 

S.  S.  KWANG  YUAN  &  CREW 

The  top  picture  on  the  left  shows  the  S.  S. 
Kwang  Yuan  anchored  in  S.  F.  Bay,  flying 
the  merchant  flag  of  the  Republic  of  China. 
The  middle  one  shows  most  of  the  20  Chinese 
crew  members  standing  on  top  of  a  hold  which 
is  filled  with  scrap  iron  intended  for  Japan's 
munition  plants.  The  several  crew  members 
not  shown  were  lying  in  the  Chinese  hospital 
as  a  result  of  the  fight  between  the  Japanese 
officers  and  the  crew.  The  lower  scene  shows 
one  of  the  crew  members  describing  to  Pat- 
rick Sun,  deputy  consul  here,  how  he  was  hit 
by  one  of  the  Japanese  officers.  (These 
pictures  are  the  first  ever  taken  of  this  ship 
and  her  crew  for  publication.) 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


THE  SINO-JAPANESE  WAR 

(Continued  from   page   11) 

By  the  time  the  ship  was  ready  to 
sail,  war  had  broken  out  in  the  Far  East. 
The  Chinese  crew  then  refused  to  accom- 
pany the  freighter  back  because  of  the 
cargo  of  scrap  iron.  They  wanted  to 
keep  the  ship  here  for  an  indefinite  per- 
iod and  thus  indirectly  help  their  country 
by  preventing  the  raw  war  material  from 
reaching  Japan  and  being  turned  into 
death-dealing  bullets  for  the  slaughtering 
of  Chinese. 

At  the  Chinese  Consulate-General  in 
San  Francisco,  Y.  Kawano,  the  Japanese 
captain,  applied  for  a  Chinese  registry 
for  the  ship.  C.  C.  Huang,  Chinese 
Consul-General,  issued  the  Chinese  reg- 
istry to  establish  the  Chinese  nationality 
of  the  freighter,  but  refused  to  deliver 
the  registry  to  the  Japanese  captain. 
Without  the  registry  on  hand,  Captain 
Kawano  was  not  able  to  obtain  clearance 
papers  from  the  port  authorities.  The 
ship  was  thus  unable  to  sail  and  remained 
in  San  Francisco  Bay. 

Then,  early  in  February,  Captain  Ka- 
wano reported  to  the  S.  F.  port  authori- 
ties that  the  S.  S.  Kwang  Yuan  had 
been  sold  by  the  Chinese  company  to  a 
Japanese  individual  in  Osaka,  Japan,  and 
that  the  ship's  name  had  been  changed 
again,  this  time  to  Tokuko  Maru.  He 
applied  for  permit  to  sail  the  ship  under 
the  Japanese  flag.  "Go  see  the  Chinese 
Consul,"  Kawano  was  told. 

Back  at  the  Chinese  Consulate-General 
again,  Kawano  learned  that  according 
to  the  Chinese  maritime  law,  the  trans- 
fer of  ownership  was  invalid  unless  ap- 
proved by  the  consul.  The  Consul  did 
not  approve  and  the  ship  remained  Chin- 
ese. 

Failing  to  get  the  ship  out  of  port, 
Kawano  directed  his  anger  at  the  Chinese 
crew — twenty  bronzed,  sturdy  northen- 
ers.  He  left  them  stranded  on  board — 
no  sail,  no  landing,  no  wage,  and  no  food. 
The  crew  had  reduced  rations  for  months, 
and  several  suffered  beri-beri,  a  sickness 
caused  by  deficiency  of  vitamins.  At 
the  point  of  collapse,  three  sickened  crew 
members  begged  Kawano  for  medical 
treatment.  He  took  them  ashore  to  see 
a  Japanese  doctor.  The  Chinese  refused 
to  be  attended  by  the  latter,  fearing  they 
might  be  poisoned.  Kawano  immediately 
summoned  police  and  compelled  the  sick 


men  to  return  to  the  ship.  An  argument 
concerning  medical  treatment  ensued  on 
board. 

It  was  then  that  Kawano  struck  one 
of  the  sick  men  on  the  jaw.  The  two 
other  Japanese  officers,  prepared  for 
trouble,  arrived  on  the  scene  with  wooden 
clubs.  To  repulse  the  unwarranted  at- 
tack, five  of  the  Chinese  crewmen  milled 
around  the  Japanese  officers.  Fists  and 
clubs  waved  in  the  melee.  It  was  quelled 
only  when  on  officer  of  the  U.  S.  Coast 
Guard  boarded  the  ship,  with  arms. 

A  few  days  later,  Kawano  applied  for 
warrants  at  the  S.  F.  municipal  court  for 
the  arrest  of  the  Chinese  crew  on  charges 
of  assault  and  battery,  but  Municipal 
Judge  O'Brien  twice  refused  to  sign  the 
warrants.  The  Japanese  captain  then 
went  to  Judge  Prendergast,  who  also 
refused  to  sign  the  warrants,  declaring  he 
must  examine  first  whether  the  case  was 
within  his  jurisdiction  or  not.  In  the 
federal  court,  Kawano  filed  another  suit 
against  the  Chinese  crew,  charging  them 
with  possessory  libel. 

While  both  suits  are  pending,  counsels 
for  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  have  en- 
trenched themselves  in  their  law  books, 
mapping  offensives  and  defensives  pre- 
paratory to  the  big  battle  of  arguments 
concerning  this  unique  ship  case  which 
may  establish  a  precedent  in  maritime 
history. 

(After  the  above  story  had  gone  to 
press,  the  Yokohama  Specie  bank  in  San 
Francisco  filed  suit  for  libel  in  the  Fed- 
eral court  against  the  carqo  on  board 
the  ship,  alleging  that  the  bank,  had  dis- 
counted its  shipping  papers  and  was  the 
legal  owner  of  the  cargo. 

(Meanwhile,  the  Chinese  Consulate- 
General  here  received  on  April  27,  an 
order  from  the  Military  Affairs  com- 
mission of  the  Chinese  National  Gov- 
ernment, expropriating  the  S.  S.  Kwang 
Yuan  for  government  use.  This  step 
made  the  ship  a  Chinese  national  vessel 
which,  in  the  parlance  of  international 
law,  is  a  floating  portion  of  Chinese  ter- 
ritory. It  is  completely  exempt  from 
American  jurisdiction.  As  a  consequence 
of  this  expropriation,  the  Japanese  offi- 
cers have  been  discharged,  and  the  Chi- 
nese second  mate  has  been  promoted  as 
master.  This  long-drawn  controversy  has 
thus  ended,  with  the  Chinese  scoring  a 
complete  victory  in  this  local  Sino-Jap- 
anese  "war.") 


CHINESE  DONATE  TO 
N.  Y.  HOSPITAL  FUND 

New  York — A  donation  of  #460,  col- 
lected by  the  Chinese  chamber  of  com- 
merce, was  presented  to  the  Beekman 
Street  hospital  here  recently  as  China- 
town's contribution  to  aid  in  offsetting 
the  hospital's  anticipated  deficit  of  $150,- 
000  for  1938. 

The  presentation  of  the  donation  was 
made  at  the  hospital  clinic  by  Phyllis 
Lee,  age  11,  accompanied  by  three  other 
little  girls,  Corrine  Wong  and  Frances 
Lou,  both  6,  and  Phoebe  Lou,  10.  The 
presentation  message  read  by  Phyllis 
stated: 

"Chinatown  feels  toward  the  Beekman 
Street  hospital  as  one  would  feel  toward 
a  friend.  It  has  always  lent  a  helping 
hand  to  our  people  in  times  of  sickness, 
and  we  are  very  thankful. 

"We,  therefore,  humbly  present  our 
gift  from  the  people  of  Chinatown.  We 
are  making  every  effort  to  help  the 
people  whose  homes  have  been"  bombed 
in  China.  There  it  is  also  a  matter  of 
life  and  death.  Even  the  poorest  have 
given.  So  these  gifts  to  the  hospital- 
mean  a  great  sacrifice.  We  hope  that  the  | 
great  men  who  work  in  Wall  street 
will  help  make  up  the  rest  so  the  hos- 
pital   will    always   stay    here." 

The  donation  came  from  the  contri- 
butions of  more  than  fifty  merchants, 
restaurateurs,  and  their  employees  in 
Chinatown. 

o 

MARYSVILLE  TSING  HUA 
HUI  FORMED 

Marysville,  Calif. — To  foster  har- 
monious relations  and  cultivate  friend- 
ships among  the  Chinese  here;  to  pro- 
mulgate goodwill  between  Chinese-Amer- 
icans and  other  Americans  of  Marysville, 
eliminating  racially  unsocial  attitudes; 
to  preserve  the  Oriental  heritage  in  cul- 
ture and  the  arts,  thus  enriching  the 
community;  and  to  improve  the  environ- 
mental welfare  of  Chinese  children,  plac- 
ing them  on  an  equal  footing  with  other 
American   children." 

Such  is  the  broad  program  as  expressed 
in  the  constitution  of  the  Marvsville 
Tsing  Hua  Hui,  new  youth  organiza- 
tion here.  Outgrowth  of  a  recreational 
organization  for  local  Chinese  children 
initiated  more  than  two  years  ago.  the 
new  club  will  be  aided  in  its  program  by 
many  prominent  Marysville  people. 

Ernest  Yee  is  president  of  the  club, 
and  other  officers  include  Monroe  Jan 


May,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   13 


CHINATOWNIA 


"REFUGEE"— A  Painting  by  K.  L.  Eng 

The  Third  Annual  exhibition  of  the  Chinese  Art  club  in  New  York  was  held  there  March 
1-25,  in  which  fifty  paintings,  water-colors,  sculpture,  and  woodcuts  were  seen.  Twenty-five 
artists,  15  of  whom  were  Chinese  and  the  rest  Americans,  participated.  The  technique  shown 
ranged  from  T'ang  method,  represented  by  Miss  Yee  Ching-chih,  to  abstraction,  an  example 
of  which  was  Tschai  Lenzene's  "Realization."  Both  subject  and  technique,  however,  were 
predominantly  western. 

Chen  Suichang's  "Lower  Manhattan"  has  a  photographic  finish;  Moowee  Tiam's  "Russian 
Kettle"  is  good  still-life,  painted  with  a  mature  hand  and  an  eye  for  the  significant  details; 
while  Chu  H.  Jor's  "Painting  No.  1,"  (Red  Lobster  on  Blue  Plate)  shows  promise  of  still 
better  works  to  come.  Chu's  name  is  included  in  the  current  Who's  Who  in  American  Art, 
first  Chinese  artist  to  be  so  honored  in  this  publication  so  far. 

The  painting  shown  above  is  by  K.  L.  Eng.  Born  in  China,  Eng  studied  in  this  country  and 
once  taught  at  the  Cleveland  Art  School.  His  "Refugee"  has  a  vivid  realism  hard  to  be  dupli- 
cated even  by  some  of  China's  best  contemporary  artists  whose  theme  is  the  present  scene. 


Esther  Yee,  Mrs.  P.  J.  Tom,  James 
Mark,  and  Tommy  Kim.  The  club  gave 
a  benefit  dance  recently,  the  proceeds  of 
which  have  gone  for  the  improvement 
of  the  local  Chinese  playground  and  the 
Chinese  clubroom  at  First  and  C  streets. 


CERTIFIED  CLEANERS  &  DYE&S 

'When  the  Certified  Cleans  it  is  Clean' 

Phones  PRospect   1302  &   1303 
766  Post  St.  San   Francisco 


WAR  RELIEF  CAMPAIGN 
EXTENDED  ANOTHER  MONTH 

San  Francisco — Last  November  27  the 
China  War  Relief  association  in  America 
here  launched  its  second  campaign  for 
refugee  relief  funds,  set  its  quota  at 
#2,000,000  Chinese,  and  the  time  limit 
at  5  months. 

On  April  27  the  campaign  expiration 
date  was  reached.  The  amount  con- 
tributed and  the  amount  pledged  by 
thousands  of  Chinese  and  Americans 
throughout  the  state  and  several  adja- 
cent states  was  well  over  the  two  million 
mark.  However,  due  to  the  fact  that 
an  additional  #500,000  Chinese  was 
added  to  the  original  quota  for  an  air- 
plane fund  for  Canton's  air  force,  those 
who  had  pledged  to  pay  #30  (#100  Chi- 
nese) over  a  5-month  period  diverted 
one  month's  installment  of  their  payment 
and  applied  it  to  this  special  fund.  As 
a  result  these  contributors  would  not  be 
able  to  complete  their  pledges  unless  the 
time  limit  was  extended  another  month. 

Last  month  this  was  done,  so  that 
the  present  war  relief  campaign  will 
not  officially  close  until  May  27,  by  which 
time  all  pledges  must  be  paid. 

CALIFORNIA  CHINESE 
BIRTHS  IN  1937 

Sacramento — There  were  542  Chinese 
born  in  California  in  1937,  as  against 
537  in  1936,  and  517  in  1935  according 
to  recent  statistics  given  by  the  State 
Department  of  Public  Health.  As  far  as 
percentage  was  concerned,  the  Chinese 
birth  rate  remained  at  a  stationary  level, 
0.6   per    thousand   population. 

There  were  94,286  births  registered  in 
California  during  last  year.  Of  these, 
77,576  were  whites,  12,173  were  Mexi- 
can, 1,534  Negro,  1,436  Japanese,  542 
Chinese,  436  Indian,  377  Filipino,  and 
212  of  other  races. 


Mary's  (offee  Shop 

A  NAME 

YOU   SHOULD   KNOW! 

Come  in  for 
Delicious  Food 

667  Jackson  San   Francisco 


Page   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


LOS  ANGELES  FEDERATION 
PUBLISHES  NEWS  BULLETIN 

Los  Angeles — "Federation  News,"  a 
14-page  mimeographed  bulletin,  dated 
April,  is  the  first  printed  material  put 
out  by  the  Federation  of  Chinese  Clubs 
here,  organized  two  months  ago  and  com- 
posed of  more  than  a  score  of  youth 
groups. 

The  bulletin  has  an  editorial,  an  arti- 
cle in  question  and  answer  form  in  which 
the  function  of  the  FCC  is  explained, 
social,  sports,  and  other  news  items. 
There  are  also  two  pages  of  Chinese  con- 
taining current  war  news  and  a  short 
article  on  "The  Duties  of  the  Overseas 
Chinese  in  the  Present  National  Crisis." 

The  FCC  has  nine  staff  members,  with 
Edward  Tom  as  editor. 


BENTON  WONG  WINS 
CITYWIDE  SLOGAN  CONTEST 

San  Francisco — Recently  a  contest  was 
initiated  among  pupils  of  the  public 
schools  here  for  a  solgan  which  would 
tie  in  San  Francisco  schools  with  the 
coming  1939  Golden  Gate  International 
exposition. 

Last  month  Benton  Wong  of  Jean 
Parker  grammar  school  found  that  he 
was  the  first  prize  winner.  His  slogan: 
"Visit  Your  Child's  Treasure  Island — 
Our  Public  Schools."  His  prize:  $10. 
The  second  and  third  prizes  were  won 
by  American  pupils. 

Home  with  his  prize,  Benton  was  told 
by  his  father  that  he  should  contribute 


ALLIANCE  MUTUAL 

LIFE  INSURANCE  (0. 

J.  WAYNE  HARRISON 
Executive   Vice   President 


ALEX  J.  FASO 

General  Agent  . 

mm 


H.  L.  DONG 

Manager 


939  Stockton  St 
EXbrook  2359  San  Francisco 


part  of  it  to  the  Chinese  war  relief  fund. 
Benton  forthwith  donated  approximately 
two-thirds  of  his  prize  money,  keeping 
the  other  one-third  for  necessary  school 
expenses. 

CHINESE  NAMESAKE  OF 
BUFFALO  BILL  IN  CHINA  ARMY 

Shanghai,  China — A  young  American- 
born  Chinese  who  was  named  after  Wil- 
liam F.  (Buffalo  Bill)  Cody,  is  today 
proving  that  he  is  aptly  named  after 
this  famed  frontiersman  of  American 
history.  He  is  fighting  with  the  Chinese 
army  at  the  northern  front  against  the 
invading  Japanese. 

This  youth  is  William  F.  Chang,  who 
was  born  in  Denver,  Colorado.  His 
father,  "Denver  Joe"  Chang,  was  said  to 
have  been  a  life-long  friend  of  "Buffalo 
Bill"  Cody,  and  when  his  son  was  born 
he  named  the  latter  after  the  Indian 
scout. 

In  August,  1937,  William  F.  Chang 
left  Denver  and  went  to  Shanghai  to 
join  in  the  defense  of  his  motherland. 
Twice  wounded,  he  distinguished  him- 
self for  bravery  under  fire,  and  was  soon 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  captain.  As 
Captain  William  F.  Chang  he  is  still 
fighting. 

o 

MISSISSIPPI  CHINESE  AT 
LAST  HAVE  OWN  SCHOOL 

Cleveland,  Miss. — For  almost  two  years 
the  1500  Chinese  in  this  state,  as 
well  as  numerous  Americans,  have 
been  called  upon  to  contribute  funds  to- 
ward building  a  Chinese  school  to  give 
American  and  Chinese  education  to  chil- 
dren who  have  heretofore  found  it  diffi- 
cult to  acquire  learning  because  of  legis- 


Get  Your 
BRITISH  LOUNGE 

MODEL  SUIT 
REGULAR  SUITS 


at 


RooaBro* 


Market  at  Stockton 

Henry  Shue  Tom 

Chinese 

Salesman  and  Representative 

Fourth  Floor 


GRAND  CHAMPION   WING  JUNG 
(See   story    below) 

San  Diego  —  Winner  of  the  -Grand 
Champion  prize  at  the  recent  Imperial 
county  fair  model  airplane  contest  was 
Wing  Jung,  whose  entry  was  a  craft 
with  an  8-foot  wing  spread  ^nd  a  54-inch 
fuselage.  This  prize  he  has  won  for 
two   consecutive    years. 

Twenty-year-old  Oakland  born  Wing 
Jung  has  built  more  than  200  model 
planes  and  gliders  during  the  past  5 
years  and  has  entered  contests  in  San 
Diego,  El  Centro,  Imperial,  Los  An- 
geles, and  once  even  in  Phoenix,  Ariz. 
Thus  far  he  has  won  8  trophies,  an  Ari- 
zona state  championship,  16  ribbons,  8 
medals,  tool  kits,  and  #25  in  cash. 

Wing  Jung  is  a  freshman  at  San 
Diego  state  college  where  he  spends  half 
his  time  going  through  an  aeronautical 
course,  and  the  other  half  at  Ryan  air- 
port. His  evenings  are  devoted  to  Chi- 
nese studies.  His  parents,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lew  Goon,  live  in  Holtville. 

lative   discrimination. 

Recently  the  hopes  of  these  Chinese 
were  realized  when  their  school  building 
was  finished  and  ready  to  receive  pupils. 
However,  there  were  little  funds  for 
necessary  classroom  equipment  and  dorm- 
itory facilities. 

Last  month,  therefore,  those  who  had 
worked  actively  to  bring  this  project 
to  completion  set  out  once  again  to  raise 
extra  funds.  So  far  over  a  thousand 
dollars  has  been  raised.  (See  Chinese 
Digest,  June,  1937,  and  January,  1°38.) 


Moy,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   15 


CHINATOWNIA 


MAE    HALL 
(See   story    below)    . 

HOW  ONE  GIRL  RAISED 
WAR  RELIEF  FUND 

Loomis,  Calif. — This  little  California 
town  once  had  a  small  Chinese  commun- 
ity of  farmers  and  store-keepers  who 
had  settled  here  after  gold  was  panned 
out  of  the  hills  and  Chinese  labor  was 
no  longer  a  vital  necessity  to  the  white 
men  who  had  come  to  build  a  state  out 
of  wild,  virgin  territory. 

But  today  many  of  these  Chinese  have 
either  died,  returned  to  their  homeland, 
or  have  migrated  into  the  cities.  In  their 
place  have  come  the  Japanese  who  have 
apparently  settled  here  for  good.  Left 
are  only  half  a  dozen  Chinese  farmers 
who  are  barely  able  to  subsist  on  their 
labor  and  crops. 

One  of  these  is  Hall  Ong  Shee,  who 
lives  here  with  her  16-year  old  daughter, 
Mae.  The  father,  Hall  Yuen  Lung,  died 
seven  years  before. 

Mae  Hall  is  freshman  at  the  Placer 
Union  high  school  at  Auburn,  seat  of 
Placer  county.  Being  born  here  and  hav- 
ing lived  here  all  her  life,  Mae  knows 
little  Chinese.  Nevertheless  she  knows 
all  about  the  war  waged  on  China  by 
the  Japanese  because  two  Chinese  here 
receive  Chinese  newspapers  regularly  and 
from  them  she  follows  the  development 
of  the  Sino-Japanese  conflict.  From  them 
also  she  learned  that  the  Chinese  every- 
where in  the  country  were  raising  mil- 
lions of  dollars  for  the  relief  of  war  ref- 
ugees in  the  motherland  that  she  has 
never  seen. 

Mae  learned  that  one  of  the  best  ways 


for  Chinese  girls  to  raise  relief  funds 
was  by  the  making  and  sale  of  paper 
flowers.  Perhaps  she  could  do  the  same 
thing,  too,  she  thought. 

Forthwith  she  expended  $1.47 — money 
saved  from  lunch  and  school  expenses — 
for, the  purchase  of  some  crepe  papers, 
wires,  and  paste.  From  these  ingredients 
she  fashioned  200  paper  flowers,  tagged 
with  a  strip  of  paper  on  which  was  writ- 
ten "Help  the  Chinese  War  Refugees." 
That  was  two  months  ago.  She  became 
Loomis'  lone  campaigner  for  Chinese  war 
relief  funds. 

For  over  a  month  Mae  peddled  her 
flowers  in  Loomis  and  Auburn,  mostly  on 
week  ends,  but  sometimes  after  school 
when  she  was  not  busy  and  the  weather 
was  £;ood.  She  went  from  house  to  house, 
ranches,  stores,  stopped  people  on  the 
streets,  buttonholed  teachers  and  her  own 
school-mates. 

By  April  2  her  sales  had  netted  $28.75. 
Bv  that  time  there  was  little  chance  of 
selling  any  more  flowers.  So,  putting  in 
another  $1.25  of  her  own  money,  she 
sent  the  total  $30  to  the  China  War 
Relief  Association  in  San  Francisco.  Her 
note  enclosing  the  money  was  short  and 
matter-of-fact,  giving  little  indication  of 
her  intense  feelings  for  her  suffering  peo- 
ple in  China,  and  of  the  patience  and 
sacrifice  of  time  she  had  gone  through 
to  obtain  the  thirty  dollars. 


Located  and  queried  by  the  Chinese 
Digest,  she  wrote  in  a  simple,  ungram- 
matical,  unaffected  language:  "We  are 
very  poor,  but  am  doing  my  share  to 
help  my  country.  The  people  there 
(China)    give  their  life  away,  and  here 


CHINA  EMPORIUM 

Exclusive  Chinese 
Art  Goods 

733  Grant  Ave.  Ph.  CHina  2285 


THE  CHINATOWNIAN 

RocufU  An&und 

By  H.  K.  Wong 

The  Lotus  Festival!  Tab  that  down 
in  your  date  book  as  one  of  the  "must 
go"  items  of  May.  According  to  dance 
chairman,  Ira  Lee,  one  of  the  main  at- 
tractions of  this  affair  will  be  Tom  Coak- 
ley,  nationally  known  retired  bandleader 
of  the  world  famous  Palace  Hotel  orches- 
tra. Coakley,  who  is  now  an  attorney 
with  John  McNab,  will  shed  his  sombre 
lawyer's  garb  and  appear  once  more  be- 
fore his  musical  fans  and  wave  the  baton 
as  guest  conductor  of  Ted  Thompson's 
orchestra.  This  orchestra,  which  has  been 
playing  in  the  Olympic  hotel  in  Seattle, 
has  a  distinctive  style  and  rhythm  and 
will  be  a  sure-fire  hit  with  our  dance  fans. 
Movie  stars  from  the  picture  "Good 
Earth"  will  appear  on  the  entertainment 
program  in  charge  of  Minnie  Lee.  Mary 
Wong,  the  exotic  bride,  will  model  sev- 
eral exquisite  gowns.  A  fashion  show 
under  the  direction  of  Bessie  Woo  will 
start  at  8  o'clock.  Chinese  maids  will 
parade  their  pulchritudinous  charms  in 
colorful  gowns  of  Old  China.  This  fes- 
tival is  sponsored  by  the  Federation  of 
Chinese  Clubs  and  is  for  medical  war 
relief  purposes — a  most  worthy  cause, 
so  all  you  out-of-towners,  be  sure  to 
attend.  Remember  the  date — Lotus  Fes- 
tival— Saturday,  May  14 — at  the  Scot- 
tish Rite  hall.  .  .  . 

A  larger  gallery  of  feminine  fans  than 
usual  gathered  at  the  tennis  court  for 
the  Spring  Tennis  tournament  when  Ben 
Chu  appeared  on  the  court.  Chu,  clad 
in  tennis  shorts,  is  a  "dark  and  hand- 
some" lad  of  20  and  had  all  the  girls 
pulling  for  him  to  win.  He  is  quite  an 
iron  man,  playing  in  three  finals  in  the 
same  day  and  winning  the  championship 
in  the  men's  and  mixed  doubles  division. 
Under  the  sun  of  the  hottest  day  in 
S.  F.  he  played  twelve  long  sets  in  all. 
As  I  circulated  behind  the  girls,  I  heard 
them  exclaim:  "What  dash!"  "What 
fire!"  What  physique!"  "What  mus- 
cular   legs!"     "O-O-O   What   a    bronze 

we  don't.  I  have  heard  various  hard- 
ships in  China  and  feel  deeply  bad  about 
it.  The  folks  are  poor,  and  if  they  have 
money  I  wouldn't  have  to  make  these 
roses  to  sell.  .  .  .  My  country  is  the 
most  important  thing  in  the  world  to  me." 


> 


Page   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


Adc 


While     I     added,   "What   a 


,l" 


Mary  Chan,  his  mixed  doubles  part- 
ner, pulled  her  leg  muscle  in  the  second 
set.  Although  it  pained  her  severely,  she 
pluckily  kept  it  from  him  and  suffered 
in  silence  through  the  rest  of  the  match, 
and  nearly  collapsed  after  she  left  the 
court.  That's  what  I  call  intestinal  fort- 
itude! .  .  . 

With  the  charming  story  of  Snow 
White  as  their  motif,  the  Chinese  Stu- 
dents' club  of  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia put  on  their  annual  Spring  In- 
formal dance  at  Berkeley.  Instead  of 
the  usual  No.  1  or  No.  2  on  the  dance 
programs  indicating  their  dances,  the  stu- 
dents reserved  theirs  opposite  "Dopey," 
"Bashful,"  "Sneezy,"  etc.  A  friend  of 
Chan  Won  Loy's  claims  that  he  was  the 
luckiest  man  of  the  evening.  He  was 
able  to  dance  two  whole  dances  with 
Cal's  most  popular  co-ed  though  she  was 
surrounded  four  deep  by  her  admirers.  .  . 

In  the  Easter  parade  on  Grant  avenue, 
we  saw  huge  cart  wheel  hats,  quaint  poke 
bonnets,  cute  Spanish  sombreros,  with 
and  without  veils,  chin  straps,  and  flow- 
ers by  the  cart  load.  But  here  is  one 
that  is  plain,  yet  original — a  tennis  jockey 
cap,  a  pin  or  two,  some  fresh  sweet  peas, 
a  few  ferns — and  Io!  There  you  have 
Emma  Dong's  Easter  head  gear.  .  .  . 
Douglas  Quan  stowed  away  two  orders 
of  juicy  roast  beef,  three  side  orders  of 
vegetables,  one  whole  apple  pie — buried 
'neath  four  scoops  of  ice  cream,  a  hand- 
ful of  cookies,  and  all  washed  down 
with  a  quart  and  a  half  of  milk.  The 
manager  of  the  restaurant  where  he 
worked  (the  very  first  day) ,  started  to 
give  him  his  working  orders  for  the  next 
day  with  "Tomorrow,  you — "  then  his 
startled  eyes  espied  the  day's  profits  gone 
— "Er — tomorrow,  you  won't  have  to 
come  back!"  Ducky  is  only  170  pounds, 
but  boy!  Can  he  do  the  Big  Apple — 
Arabian  style!  !  !  .  .  . 

You  can  find  silver,  gold,  and  even 
diamond  studded  footballs  as  victorv 
awards,  but  have  you  ever  seen  a  jade 
one?  Bill  Fischer  has  one — a  piece  of 
green  jade  shaped  like  a  football  and 
encircled  with  a  band  of  pure  Chinese 
gold.  It  was  presented  to  him  by  mem- 
bers of  his  football  team.  He  was  so 
proud  of  it  that  he  has  laid  away  all 
his  other  medals  just  to  wear  it.  Gold 
footballs  were  also  presented  to  every 
member  of  the  Rice  Bowl  Championship 
team  by  the  Club.  .  .  . 


Two  promising  chaps  in  Seattle  passed 
on  to  the  Great  Beyond.  Vincent  Goon 
was  killed  in  an  unusual  automobile  acci- 
dent upon  his  return  from  Vancouver. 
Albert  Louie,  who  had  been  attending 
M.  I.  T,  succumbed  because  of  a  heart 
attack.  Goon  and  Louie  were  the  most 
popular  and  well-liked  young  men  in  the 
Northwest.  Their  friends  are  deeply 
moved  by  their  passing.  .  .  Kuan  Ching  I 
and  Lo  Lan  both  hold  Master's  degrees 
from  the  Sun  Yat  Sen  university.  They 
have  enrolled  at  the  U.  of  Washington 
and  are  former  members  of  Chiang  Kai 
Shek's  army.  .  .  .  Seattle  has  formed  a 
new  Chinese  Tennis  club.  About  forty 
boys  have  signed  up.  Experienced  players 
include  Frank  Mar,  Hing  Chinr,,  George 
Louie,  Fay  Chong,  and  Harry  Chinn.  .  .  . 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank.  Wong  (Evelyn 
Wing)  vacationed  a  week  in  Marysville. 
.  .  .  Jack  Kim  is  busy  directing  junior 
college  activities  in  spite  of  crushed  fin- 
gers and  broken  bones  resulting  from  a 
smash  up.  .  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  Yee 
celebrated  their  first  anniversary  at  a 
private  party.  They're  still  holding  hands! 
.  .  .  From  San  Diego  I  hear  that  Maie 
Lee  did  not  regret  being  in  bed  with  a 
cold  because  someone  sent  her  a  big  bo- 
quet  of  pink  carnations.  .  .  .  Raymond 
Quan  has  recovered  from  his  tonsil  oper- 
ation and  all  the  girls'  hearts  are  again 
at  ease.  .  .  .  Jimmie  Seid,  formerly  of 
Portland,  is  a  busy  man.  He  is  religious 
chairman  in  the  San  Diego  Chinese  mis- 
sion. .  .  . 

"The  Great  Voice"  is  a  bi-monthly 
newspaper  edited  and  published  by  Ken- 
neth Jair  in  San  Diego.  It  has  been  dis- 
tributed throughout  Chinatown  to  create 
a  closer  cooperation  in  the  Chinese  com- 
munity. .  .  .  May  10  will  be  skating  time 
for  all  the  Chinese  at  the  Mission  Beach 
skating  rink.  .  .  .  The  Chinese  Youth 
association  presented  a  benefit  show  and 
dance  at  Eagle's  hall  for  war  relief.  Betty 
and  Russell  Lowe  were  guest  artists.  Ken- 
neth Lee's  harmonica  band,  composed 
of  boys  from  ages  9  to  11  also  enter- 
tained. .  .  . 

Johnny  Yong,  after  a  trip  from  China 
and  a  tour  of  the  East  is  now  settling 
down  to  study  at  the  U.  of  Pennsylvania. 
.  .  .  The  Perm  chapter  of  the  C.  A.  C.  A. 
held  its  first  anniversary  banquet  in  Phil- 
adelphia in  the  Crystal  ballroom  with 
Allan  P.  Moy  as  toastmaster.  Speakers 
for  the  evening  were  Vice-consul  Cheng 
Poo  Nan,  William  P.  Lee,  national  grand 
president,    and    Dr.    Livingston    Chunn, 


local  president.  ...  A  dance  with  the 
music  of  the  Penn  Delphians  orchestra 
followed  the  banquet.  .  .  .  Dorothy  Haw 
left  Philadelphia  to  make  her  fortune  in 
New  York.  Her  many  friends  wish  her 
good  luck.  .  .  .  J.  S.  Wang  is  contem- 
plating a  trip  to  China  soon.  .  .  .  James 
Louie  Rubye  and  Gloria  Mark  are  wheel- 
ing shiny  new  busses  around.  .  .  .  An 
American  artist  asked  Elaine  Wong  to 
pose  for  him  the  other  day.  It  was  all 
arranged,  but  at  the  last  moment,  Elaine 
lost  her  nerve  and  backed  out.  .  .  . 

Henry  Kong  of  Richmond  and  Rose 
Lew  picked  on  a  nice  sunny  day  to  be 
married.  Yes,  banquet  'n  everything.  .  . . 

Daisy  Wong,  who  has  been  very  active 
in  the  S.  F.  Chinese  Y.  affairs  since  its 
founding,  was  selected  by  a  committee 
to  represent  the  Chinese  Center  at  the 
Y.  W.  C  A.  convention  in  Columbus, 
Ohio.  .  .  . 

There  is  only  one  Chinese  among  the 
Sacramento  Civic  Singers  group.  She  is 
musical-minded  Dorothy  Ong.  .  .  .  - 

Diamond  Lum  applied  himself  day 
and  night  to  his  piano  lessons  and  is 
now  swinging  popular  music  with  the  best 
of  them — all  within  four  months.  .  .  . 
Congratulations!  .  .  .  We  find  many 
Chinese  are  in  the  various  departments 
of  the  State  service.  Ruth  Chew  is  on 
the  Personnel  Board,  Alice  K.  Fong,  in 
the  Department  of  Motor  Vehicles, 
Ruby  Yuke  and  Esther  Jackie  Ong  on 
the  Board  of  Equalization,  Dorothy  Ong 
with  the  department  of  Agriculture. 
Others  are:  Albert  Chock,  auditor,  W. 
York  Jue,  account  clerk,  Clarence  Seid, 
draftsman,  Bing  Q.  Wong,  engineer, 
and  Frank  Chan,  architect.  .  .  .  The 
entire  group  was  recently  entertained  in 
a  gay  party  at  the  home  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Frank  Chan.  .  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wayne  Tom  of  Sacramento  have  moved 
into  their  new  home  and  are  busy  re- 
ceiving felicitations.  .  .  .  Helen  and  Mar- 
jorie  Chan,  Rose  Choy,  Dorothy  Lim, 
and  Alyce  Wong  are  all  studying  at  the 
Sacramento  Evening  school  for  state  civil 
service.  . .  .  Joe  Shoong's  daughter,  Doris, 
and  Richard  Tarn  recentlv  announced 
their  engagement.  They  will  be  married 
this  summer  in  S.  F.  .  .  .  The  Wah  Ying 
basketball  team  of  Johnny  Wong,  Frank 
Chan,  Jack  Fong,  Bill  Quan,  Chancey 
Yip,  Lee  Po,  Hing  Chin,  Cha<.  Lone. 
Herbert  Chan,  and  Charlie  Hing  were 
guests  of  honor  at  the  Los  Angeles  Kor- 
ean dance  during  their  recent  tour.  They 
(Continued  on  page  18) 


May,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  17 


SPRING  TENNIS 
TOURNAMENT 

San  Francisco — The  Spring  tourna- 
ment, sponsored  by  Arthur  Hee  and  the 
Chinese  Tennis  club,  closed  on  April  5 
with  the  largest  amount  of  entries  ever 
recorded.  Starting  on  April  7,  there  was 
one  and  one-half  weeks  of  continuous 
plays  with  the  finals  on  Easter  Sunday  at 
the  Chinese  Playground.  The  following 
champions  were  crowned: 
Men's  Singles:  Peter  Gee 
Score:  1-6  6-3  6-2  1-6  6-1 

When  Peter  met  Ben  Chu  in  the  finals 
we  witnessed  the  best  brand  of  tennis  for 
the  year.  Ben's  smashes,  volleys,  and 
drives  were  nothing  short  of  being  spec- 
tacular, while  Peter's  change  of  pace, 
placements,  and  his  ability  to  retrieve 
shots  made  it  a  real  match,  with  consist- 
ency winning  in  the  end. 
Women's  Singles:  Waite  Ng 
Score:  6-2  6-4 

Unheralded  and  unsung,  tiny,  quiet, 
unassuming  Waite  Ng  defeated  favorite 
opponent  after  opponent,  meeting 
youthful,  southpaw  Henrietta  Jung  in 
the  finals.  Henrietta  gave  notice  of  a 
serious  threat  in  any  tournament  and  will 
be  heard  of  in  the  near  future.  Again 
steadiness  and  the  ability  to  return  dif- 
ficult shots  won  out. 
Men's  Doubles:  Ben  Chu-Faye  Lowe 
Score  6-2  4-6  6-0  6-2 

Ben  and  Faye,  two  times  holders  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  title,  defeated  Peter  and 
Willie  Gee  in  the  final  round.  Their  su- 
perior overhead  game  swept  everything 
before  them  with  the  loss  of  but  two  sets 
in  the  entire  tournament. 
Mixed  Doubles:  Ben  Chu-Mary  Chan 
Score  6-4  1-6   8-6 

This  division  was  the  closest  in  com- 
petition of  the  tournament.  But  Ben 
Chu's  net  game  and  Mary  Chan's  hard 
drives  finally  brought  them  the  title  when 
they  defeated  Willie  Gee  and  Henrietta 
Jung  in  three  of  the  toughest  sets. 

NAM  WAH  WINS 

San  Francisco — On  April  8,  the  Nam 
Wah  basketball  team  and  rooters  trav- 
eled to  Oakland  and  defeated  the  Young 
Chinese  on  the  West  Lake  court  to  the 
tune  of  29-23.  Robert  Lum,  better  known 
as  "Egg  Foo"  Lum,  was  high  pointer 
with  II  digits,  followed  closely  by  Al 
Lee  with  9.  Good  defense  with  equal 
team  work  was  responsible  for  this  vic- 
tory. 


SPORTS 

By  Conrad  Fong  and  Davisson  Lee 


CURRENT  RACKET  WIELDING  CHAMPS  AND  FINALISTS 

Winners  and  finalists  of  the  spring  tennis  tournament  held  last  month  are  shown  above. 
Top  left  picture  shows  Henrietta  Jung  and  Waite  Ng,  finalist  and  winner  respectively  of  the 
women's  single  play.  Top  right  shows,  Ben  Chu  and  Faye  Lowe,  winning  team  of  the  men's 
doubles,  while  the  picture  below  is  that  of  the  Ben  Chu-Mary  Chan,  Henrietta  Jung-Willie 
Gee  combinations  which  were  winners  and  finalists  respectively  of  the  mixed  doubles  title. 
(See  complete  details  on  this  page.) 


Page   18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,   1938 


TONY  JUE, 
TITLIST 

Los  Angeles — Tony  Jue,  member  of 
the  L.  A.  tennis  team,  won  the  doubles 
in  the  State  Employees  tournament.  He 
was  also  a  finalist  in  the  men's  singles. 


BASKETBALL 
CARNIVAL 

Los  Angeles — On  April  16  the  Federa- 
tion of  Chinese  clubs  held  a  basketball 
carnival  of  three  games. 

The  Korean  All-Stars,  a  newly  formed 
club,  defeated  the  Chinese  All-Stars,  Wah 
Kue  club,  by  the  narrowest  of  margins, 
24  to  23. 

The  second  game  was  between  a  com- 
bined Chinese  girls  team  of  Mei  Wah 
and  Lowa,  who  defeated  the  Independ- 
ents, colored  girls,  14  to  11. 

The  last  and  principle  game  was  be- 
tween Twin  Dragons,  of  San  Francisco, 
and  Lowa.  The  L.  A.  team,  with  their 
advantage  of  weight  and  height,  led  all 
the  way,  with  George  Tong,  center,  scor- 
ing 16  points.  The  S.  F.  team  was  fast 
and  smooth  but  was  unable  to  cope 
against  such  superior  height  in  getting 
the  backboard  ball.  Johnny  Wong,  Allan 
Lee,  and  Chauncey  Yip  played  good  ball 
for  the  losers.  The  final  score  was  Lowa 
23,  Twin  Dragons  20. 


GIRLS  BASKETBALL 
LEAGUE 

San  Francisco — The  Mei  Wah  girls 
basketball  team,  with  the  return  of  but 
three  veterans,  continued  their  winning 
streak  in  the  P.  A.  L.  league  with  but 
one  defeat  to  mar  their  record.  They  lost 
by  a  close  score  to  Tamaracks,  defending 
champions  for  two  years  who  boast  of 
four  players  playing  on  the  winning  P. 
A.  A.  team.  Since  the  league  is  a  double 
round  robin  Mei  Wah  still  has  a  chance 
for  the  championship,  depending  upon 
the  outcome  of  their  second  meeting. 
Some  scores: 

March  15,  Mei  Wah  defeated  First 
United  33-27. 

March  20,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Loyalty 
Ins.  30-20. 

March  21,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Zircons 
27-24. 

March  23,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Comets 
21-15. 

March  28,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Monte- 
vido  43-36. 

March  30,  Mei  Wah  lost  to  Tamaracks 
17-23. 

April  5,  Mei  Wah  defeated  First 
United  33-24. 


April  18,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Zircons 
29-23. 

April  20,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Monte- 
vido  45-36. 

Playground  Division  Champions  are 
Mei  Wah  Jrs. 

Feb.  19,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Presidio 
Jr.  High  17-7. 

Feb.  26,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Richmond 
34-12. 

March  26,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Funston 
33-18. 

April  9,  Mei  Wah  defeated  Ocean 
Ave.  29-22. 


THE  CHINATOWNIAN 
ROAMS  AROUND 

(Continued  from  page  16) 

all  had  a  swell  time.  .  .  . 

The  Sacramento  Chinese  Students' 
club  will  go  in  for  athletic  affairs  in  a 
big  way.  They  will  hold  a  ping  pong 
tournament  and  will  also  form  teams  in 
ping  pong,  baseball,  and  volleyball.  .  .  . 

Chinese  are  scattered  all  over  the 
world.  Some  of  you  are  looking  forward 
to  a  visit  to  San  Francisco  for  the  1939 
Exposition  next  year.  To  you  all,  this 
column  extends  a  cordial  invitation  to 
drop  in  for  a  chat  when  you're  in  town. 
To  our  far  flung  brethren,  greetings,  and 
cheerio — George  Him  Wong  of  Billings, 
Montana,  Chan  Tung  of  Lewistown. 
Montana,  Tom  Fung  of  Kemmerer, 
Wyo.,  Wong  Won  of  Trinidad,  Colo., 
Leong  King  of  Elke,  Nevada,  Jue  Fay 
of  Jerome,  Arizona,  George  Wah  of 
Coolidge,  Arizona,  Wong  Wah  Oh  of 
Nogales,  Arizona,  Gee  Lip,  of  Santa  Fe, 
New  Mexico,  Jack  Yee  of  Rio  Grande 
City,  Texas,  all  the  Kwongs'  of  Shreve- 
port,  La.,  Toy  Sing  of  Huron,  South 
Dakota,  7-  S.  Hong  of  Yanktown,  South 
Dakota,  Fong  Kwong  of  Waterloo,  Iowa, 
Chew  Sum  Wo  of  Pine  Bluff,  Ark., 
Henry  How  Kee  of  Tampa,  Florida,  K. 
Sam  Jones  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  Low  Nin 
of  Charlottesville,  Va.,  Chester  Wing  of 
Mansfield,  Ohio,  Wing  Horn  of  San- 
dusky, Ohio,  Lee  Way  of  Salamanca, 
N.  Y.,  Ying  Kee  of  Waterbury,  Conn., 
Lum  Lip  of  McCarthy,  Alaska,  members 
of  the  Nanking  club  of  Maracaibo,  Ven- 
ezuela, the  boys  of  the  Paris  cafe  at  Lar- 
amie, Wyo.,  the  boys  of  the  New  China 
restaurant,  at  Wheeling,  West  Va.,  of 
the  King  Fong  cafe  at  North  Platte, 
Neb.,  and  of  the  Ohio  Cafe  at  Hum- 
boldt, Canada.  .  .  . 

Sunday  evening,  May  29  will  be  a  gay 
one  in  Bakersfield,  for  it  will  be  the  date 
of  the  Mei  Lan  girls  fifth  annual  dance. 
Everything  is  all  set  to  insure  the  com- 
fort of  the  crowd.  A  large  attendance 
is  expected  for  the  benefit  affair.  Frank 


Young's  orchestra  will  journey  over  from 
L.  A.  to  play  for  this  benefit. 

Chitena  will  play  the  L.  A.  Tennis 
Club  in  an  inter-club  match  on  Sun- 
day, May  30  in  Los  Angeles.  Chitena 
will  bring  10  men  and  5  women  to  play 
in  twenty-one  matches.  A  social  will  fol- 
low the  match. 

Helen  Loy's  original  designs  and  fine 
workmanship  have  won  her  a  large  clien- 
tele. She  has  outgrown  her  home  shop 
and  has  now  established  a  larger  one  on 
Stockton  street.  .  .  .  The  Chinese  Pat- 
riotic league  staged  a  benefit  fashion 
show  at  San  Mateo  with  Alice  P.  Fong 
as  mistress  of  ceremonies.  Girls  from 
San  Mateo  and  San  Francisco  modeled 
beautiful  gowns.  .  .  .  Marie  Yew's  ap- 
pealing voice  sounds  especially  nice  over 
the  microphone.  You  will  like  her  singing 
with  Fred  Mah's  orchestra.  .  .  .  The  set- 
ting for  New  York's  Jeune  Doc's  Easter 
frolic  was  "The  House  of  Fu  Manchu," 
right  in  the  heart  of  Times  Square.  A 
record  crowd  dined  and  danced  to  Ed 
Deluna's  N.  B.  C.  orchestra.  .  .  .  Wed- 
ding bells  will  soon  be  ringing  for  Mamie 
Chu  and  Hamen  Ing,  leading  man  of 
the  New  York  Chinese  Dramatic"  society. 
We're  still  in  the  dark  about  the  date, 
but  lots  of  luck  to  you  two.  .  .  .  Sophia 
Chu,  our  New  York  correspondent,  while 
walking  down  the  street  near  the  Radio 
City  Music  Hall,  was  sold  a  memorial 
poppy  bv  an  American  war  veteran.  She, 
quick  to  realize  the  chance  to  help  her 
country,  asked,  "how  about  a  dime  to 
help  the  Chinese  Refugees?"  She  got  it 
immediately.  Good  work,  Sophia.  .  .  . 
Teenie  May  Chan  of  New  York  is  back 
in  her  old  home  town,  Chicago,  for  a 
three  weeks'  vacation  to  renew  old  ac- 
quaintanceships. .  .  . 

The  Cal  Chinese  Students'  club  elected 
Raymond  Chan  president.  Gertrude 
Young.  V.  P.,  Ruby  Foo,  secretary,  and 
Peter  Chen,  treasurer.  Other  officers  are 
Paul  Yuke.  Peter  Gee,  and  I^rwrence 
Fong.  .  .  .  With  the  Cathavans  swinging 
their  best  rhythm,  the  crowds  danced 
gaily  at  the  recent  Marysville  dance  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Charlie  Sing  Play- 
ground. .  .  . 

From  Tuscon:  Hucv  Tang  and  Ben 
Tom,  whom  we  reported  last  month  as 
having  gone  to  China,  did  so  in  order 
to  enlist  in  the  war  and  do  their  bit  for 
the  motherland.  Huey  had  only  one  more 
year  to  go  with  his  engineering  course  at 
the  U.  of  Arizona,  too  .  .  . 

The  L.  A.  Polytechnic  Chinese  Alumni 
will  give  a  roller  skating  benefit  Mav  15 
at  the  Shrine  skating  rink;  proceed 
go  for  war  relief.  Lillian  Woo  is  in 
charge  of  the  affair  and  promises  a  "rol- 
licking good  time."  .  .  . 


May,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   19 


BOOK  REVIEWS 

(Continued  from  page  5) 
of  Manchuria,  interpreting  also  the  action 
of  the  other  powers  and  of  the  League  of 
Nations,  by  one  of  America's  outstanding 
authorities. 

"Conflicts  of  Policy  in  the  Far 
East"  by  George  H.  Blakeslee.  {World 
Peace  Foundation,  Boston,  1934.  56  pp., 
paper,  35  cents.) 

A  summary  of  the  issues. 

"Clash  in  the  Pacific"  by  T.  A. 
Bisson  and  R.  A.  Goslin.  (Foreign  Policy 
Association  Headline  Books,  Grosset  & 
Dunlap,  New  York,  1936.  38  pp.,  board, 
35  cents.) 

"The  Twentieth  Century  in  the 
Far  East"  by  P.  H.  B.  Kent.  (Long- 
mans, Green  &  Co.,  New  York,  1937. 
390  pp.,  #6.25.) 

A  history  of  recent  Far  Eastern  events 
by  a  former  British  legal  adviser  to  the 
Chinese  National  government. 

"Can  China  Survive?"  by  Hallett 
Abend  and  Anthony  J.  Billingham.  (Ives 
Washburn, New  York,  1936.  317pp.  p.) 

An  interpretation  by  two  experienced 
American  press  correspondents. 

"The  North  China  Problem"  by 
Shusi  Hsu.  For  the  (Chinese)  Council 
of  International  Affairs.  (Kelly  &  Walsh, 
Shanghai,   1937.     106  pp.,  about  #1.) 

JADE  BOX 

(Continued  from  page  9) 
the  Scottish  Rite  auditorium.  I  hear  that 
the  more  active  spirits  behind  the  Fed- 
eration activities  are  of  the  female  spe- 
cies, but  of  course  I  am  willing  to  be 
corrected  if  anyone  can  prove  it  to  be 
otherwise.  Oh,  I  mustn't  forget — our 
little  Chinese  boys  won  practically  all 
the  prizes  in  a  recent  city-wide  kite  tour- 
nament except  the  one  for  the  girls  which 
was  taken  by  Sara  Ann  Wong.  And  last 
week's  Chinatown  Playground  pageant 
given  by  our  children  made  me  prouder 
than  ever  of  them,  our  young  people  of 
today  who  will  be  the  leading  Chinatown- 
ians  of  tomorrow. 


CONFUCIUS 

(Continued  from  page  10) 
And  death  is  sad  except  for  him  who 

greets  the  morn. 
Ah,  they  would  weep  at  birth  and  smile 

I  know 
At  death,  if  love  of  life  did  not  deceive 

them  so. 

Unlike  the  bulk  of  Chinese  poetry, 
this  one  carries  with  it  a  deep  philo- 
sophical tone  and  could  very  well  have 
been  written  by  that  subtle  mind,  Chuang 
Tzu. 


The  Making  of  Society,  subtitled  "An 
Outline  of  Sociology"  purports  to  bring 
together  in  one  volume  all  the  significant 
social  and  sociological  thoughts  of  man- 
kind, East  and  West,  beginning  with  the 
Ten  Commandments  of  Christianity 
down  to  present-day  Nazism  and  Fascism. 
There  is  a  short  chapter  "On  Govern- 
ment" by  Confucius,  and  one  "On  Co- 
operation," by  Lao  Tze.  Others  who 
have  made  contributions  to  the  social 
thoughts  of  man  include  Plato,  Aristotle, 
Hobbes,  Rousseau,  Mill,  Darwin,  Engels, 
Spencer,  Strachey,  Trotsky,  down  to  Hit- 
ler and  Mussolini.  The  chapters  by  Con- 
fucius and  Lao  Tze  represent  contribu- 
tions to  mankind's  social  thoughts  which 
sprung  from  religious  and  ethical  con- 
cepts, and  are  treated  as  such,  along 
with  the  Ten  Commandments,  The  Ser- 
mon on  the  Mount,  and  the  Koran. 


THE  CHINATOWN  CRIER 

(Continued  from  page  3) 
using  the  couple's  first  names  for  their 
surnames,  one  paper  entitled  this  story, 
"Shee,  Him,  Going  to  be  Them,"  and 
writing  that  "Love  has  no  regard  for 
grammar,"  as  evidenced  by  the  merger 
of  the  pronouns  she(e)   and  him. 

What  few  knew  was  that  Tom  Him 
and  Wong  Shee  had  been  married  for 
more  than  15  years  according  to  Chinese 
custom  and  are  the  parents  of  several 
children.  Their  present  "marriage"  was 
merely  to  make  their  union  legal  under 
American   laws. 

— The  Chinatown  Crier. 


San  Francisco — Again  the  Chinese 
Playground  cleaned  up  in  nearly  every 
division  in  the  Annual  Kite  contest  spon- 
held  at  the  Funston  playground.  These 
sored  by  the  Recreation  commission  and 
prize  winning  beauties  may  be  seen  at 
the  playground  now. 


It  is  not  the  wine  which  makes  a  man 
drunk;  it  is  the  man  himself. — Chinese 
Proverb. 


^/tosnad  K.  K.  Jlee 

COMMERCIAL  ARTIST 

CHINESE 

SIGNS,  MURALS,  DESIGNS, 

PICTORIALS 

Specializing    in    Unique    Chinese 
Lettering  ond  Artistic  Airbrush  Work 

780  Jackson 
CHina   0523  San    Francisco 


CHINESE  COAL  MINERS 

(Continued  from  page  8) 
towns.  "China  Mary"  went  to  Wyoming 
when  she  was  17,  one  of  the  very  few 
Chinese  women  that  went  to  that  terri- 
tory, and  built  up  an  empire  that  even 
men  cannot  equal.  As  an  operator  of 
brothels,  "China  Mary"  held  political 
power  for  decades  in  Evanston,  but  to- 
day she  is  old  and  feeble,  and  is  fighting 
a  lone  battle  that  no  person  can  win — 
with  Death. 

"Lo  Cow,"  or  Old  Cow,  was  a  Chinese 
foreman  in  the  coal  mines.  A  character 
known  to  the  pioneering  days  of  the 
West,  a  leader  of  men,  a  gambler,  and 
a  speculator  of  the  old  West.  But  a 
new  order  came  to  Wyoming,  and  he  has 
laid  down  his  spars,  one  by  one;  his 
countrymen  have  left  for  China  or  the 
west  coast,  and  today  he  accepts  his 
old  age  pension  as  the  due  reward  for  his 
toils    in    the    coal    mines   of   Wyoming. 

The  passing  of  "China  Mary"  and 
"Lo  Cow"  will  mark  the  end  of  an 
era  in  the  history  of  the  Chinese  in  the 
territory  and  state  of  Wyoming.  The 
second  generation  Chinese  are  taking 
their  place,  but  the  course  of  events  has 
changed. 

KITE  CONTEST 

San  Francisco — Ever  since  the  annual 
kite  tournament  was  started  by  the  city 
playgrounds  under  the  Recreation  com- 
mission, the  entrants  from  the  Chinese 
Playground  have  managed  to  come  out 
the  winners  every  time. 

This  year  the  Chinese  winning  streak 
was  again  repeated.  In  the  novelty  of 
design  for  the  junior  boys'  group  Francis 
Fong  came  out  first,  while  in  the  beauty 
of  design  for  the  same  group  Son  Loy 
Chan  and  Ralph  Fong  captured  the  first 
and  third  prizes  respectively.  In  the 
beauty  of  design  for  the  senior  boys' 
group  George  Jung  and  Wilfred  Leong 
won  first  and  third  places  respectively. 
Only  in  the  novelty  of  design  for  the 
senior  boys'  class  did  the  Chinese  fail 
to  land  any  place. 


CliUieie  IVvJu 
4  Ant 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


*> 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


May,   1938 


•  WE  ARE  grateful  for  the  confidence  shown  in  us  by  a 
large  number  of  Chinese  people  who  have  purchased  dia- 
monds, watches,  and  jewelry  from  us  during  the  past  sev- 
eral years.  We  invite  the  patronage  of  all  Chinese  who 
appreciate  a  one-price,  square-dealing  store.  We  offer 
a  money  back  guarantee  with  every  purchase.  Mr.  Arthur 
Yim,  a  very  courteous  and  intelligent  Chinese  young  man, 
in  our  employ,  will  be  glad  to  assist  you  in  your  purchases. 


SA1 


S 


Market  Street,  Opposite   Powell,  SAN   FRANCISCO 
1520  Broadway,  Between  Roos  Bros,  and  Hastings,  OAKLAND 


Serve 

BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at    your    next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW  CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

820  Pacific  Ave.       DOuglas  0547 
San  Francisco,  California 


M< 


[ORE  than  thirty  years  ago  Golden  State  Dairy  Products  were  first  intro- 
duced into  California  homes.  Ever  since  then  they  have  set  the  standard  for 
flavor,  richness,  and  uniform  quality.  It  makes  no  difference  when  or  where 
you  buy  Golden  State  milk,  cream,  ice  cream,  butter,  evaporated  milk,  cheese, 
and  cottage  cheese.    They  always  taste  "just  right." 

Ask  your  grocer  for  Golden  State  dairy  products,  or  telephone  the  Golden 
State  Company  for  home  delivery. 


DAIRY       PRODUCTS 


I 


JULY 
1933 


Vol.  IV,  No.  VII 


^ 


Pogc  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July.  1938 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Vol.  4,  No.  7  July,1938 

Published  Monthly  or  868  Woshington  Street 

Son  Francisco,  California   (CHina  2400) 

WILLIAM   HOY,   Editor 

Per  year,  $1.00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For    reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE   Associate  Editor 

LIM  P    LEE  Sociological   Data 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.    WONG Columnist 

DAVISSON  LEE  and  CONRAD  FONG    Sports 

CORRESPONDENTS   and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersf ield    Mamie   Lee 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Allen    Lew 

Hollywood    Frank  Tang 

Los  Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Marysville    Virginia   Wah 

New  York   Bing   Chan,  Sophia   Chu 

Philadelphia    Henry  C.  Jung 

Portland    Edgar    Lee 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seattle,  Wash   Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton  Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,   Arizona   May  Tom 

For  subscription   and   advertising    rates  call   CHina   2400 

FOUNDERS   and  PUBLISHERS 
THOMAS   W.   CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data,  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress,  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editor  on  Leave 2 

Monthly  Review  of  War 4 

Chinatown's  Labor  Problems 6 

Stuffed  Bell  Peppers,  Jade  Box 8 

Fabricated  Ceramic  Art 10 

S.  F.  Rice  Bowl  Pageant 12 

Roaming  'Round 14 

Chinese  Pacific  Coast  Tournament  .  .    16 
"Yellow  Jacket"  Well  Played 18 

PICTURES 

Kwang  Yuan  Schooner  Reception 5 

Ceramic  Art  Objects 11 

Rice  Bowl  Pageant  Scenes  13 

"Monument"  to  H.  K.  Wong 15 


"7Ae  GlUnat&uui  Q^Ue/i 


EDITOR  ON  LEAVE 

Greetings,  readers!  It  has  been  a  long 
time  since  your  publisher  appeared  in 
anything  outside  of  his  own  smug  col- 
umns. Editor  William  Hoy  is  taking  a 
furlough  in  order  to  add  a  finishing  touch 
to  one  of  his  projects,  the  production  of  a 
brochure  giving  the  highlights  of  China- 
town. 

It  is  with  much  trepidation  that  this 
writer  steps  into  a  pair  of  shoes  which 
have  climbed  so  many  mountains  of  good 
taste.  The  hope  of  even  walking  with 
them  is  unthinkable  were  we  not  being 
carried  along  by  a  host  of  brilliant  feature 
writers.  Among  them  we  must  mention 
Daisy  L.  Chinn,  Alice  P.  Fong,  H.  K. 
Wong,  Lim  P.  Lee,  Davidson  Lee,  Wal- 
lace Fong,  and  Patrick  Sun. 

Hats  off  ye  therefore  to  Mr.  Hoy  and 
his  staff,  all  volunteering  such  long  tedi- 
ous hours  in  the  three  journalistic  "Rs"  of 
reading,  research,  and  reporting.  It  is 
no  secret  that  the  work  done  for  just  one 


feature  article  often  involves  material 
enough  to  fill  a  textbook  or  scholarship 
enough  to  satisfy  the  requirement  of  a 
thesis.  The  busy  readers  get  the  benefit 
of  the  cream  of  these  investigations  and 
studies  without  frills  and  furbelows.  We 
can  best  show  our  appreciation  by  re- 
solving that  we  will  find  a  new  subscriber 
every  time  we  enjoy  a  new  issue  of  the 
Chinese  Digest. 

By  way  of  caution,  do  not  be  unduly 
alarmed  at  changes  in  the  next  few  issues. 
With  the  idea  of  improving  our  service, 
there  shall  be  much  experimenting  with 
the  editorial  make-up.  Any  suggestions 
will  be  eagerly  received. 

Chingwah  Lee. 

CLASSES  IN 
CHINESE  COOKERY 

Chinatown's  academies  today  are  far 
superior  to  those  of  a  generation  ago.  In 
place  of  consumptive  pedagogues  we  now 
have  modern  college  grads  as  enthusiastic 


with  their  profession  as  they  are  efficient 
with  their  Thorndikes.  Textbooks  are 
modern  and  courses  of  study  extensive. 
Perhaps  some  day  in  the  not  too  far 
future  the  evening  schools  will  also  have 
courses  in  such  old-world  handicrafts  as 
carving,  rattan-work,  enameling,  lacquer- 
work,  pottery-making,  and  weaving.  Un- 
less these  are  taught  before  the  passing 
of  the  older  generation  our  youth  will 
grow  up  ignorant  of  a  rare  heritage. 

And  for  our  darling  lassies,  let's  have 
classes  in  Chinese  cookery,  and  have  them 
immediately.  What  use  is  it  to  teach  our 
girls  the  epigrams  of  Chang  Ch'ao  or  the 
odes  of  old-maid  Confucius  if  these 
same  girls  cannot  prepare  a  decently 
cooked  dinner  or  even  a  pot  of  tea  fit 
for  a  philosopher?  And  anyway,  what 
worldly-wise  gal  (and  there  ain't  any  other 
kind  nowadays)  would  not  gladly  trade 
all  her  knowledge  of  the  Yi-king  for 
the  one  art  which  will  turn  a  crank  into 
a  contented  hubby? 

Lest  we  be  accused  of  being  unduly 
alarmed  over  the  present  situation,  let's 
ask  the  second  generation  lassies  how 
many  can  prepare  a  dinner  such  as  one 
which  our  mothers  used  to  prepare  when- 
ever the  familv  called  for  a  feast:  That 


July,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


THE     CHINATOWN     CRIER 


Editorial- 


king  of  duck  broth  bubbling  over  with 
lotus  seeds  and  wild  rice  and  sparkling 
with  diced  ham,  bamboo  shoots,  and 
green  peas  which  answers  to  the  name  of 
tin  gee  kung?  A  boneless  chicken 
stuffed  with  yin  wo  and  spiced  with  aro- 
matic herbs?  Boats  of  halved  fu-kwa 
melon  stuffed  with  minced  oysters  floating 
on  a  sea  of  lettuce?  Heaps  of  mustard 
greens,  cooked  with  only  a  dash  of  pea- 
nut oil  but  so  green  and  crisp  that  it 
still  smacked  of  the  garden?  Rice,  every 
grain  just  so  at  the  one  moment  it 
should  be  so?  That  nectarous  gooey- 
crisp  pudding  of  water-chestnut  flour, 
laminated  into  nine  layers,  thus  furnish- 
ing that  rarest  of  gustatory  quality. 
And  texture?  (In  fact  note  that  each  of 
the  above  dishes  is  nothing  unless  it 
is  also  unimpeachably  correct  as  to  ap- 
pearance, aroma,  taste,  texture,  and 
tang.) 

o 

IMPROVED 
CIRCULATION 

Heretofore  Digests  were  distributed  to 
subscribers  either  by  mail  or,  if  they  live 
in  San  Francisco's  Chinatown,  by  direct 
distribution.  The  boys  who  distribute 
them  locally  are  very  conscientious  work- 
ers, but  unfortunately,  it  has  been  almost 
impossible  to  insure  readers  receiving 
their  copies.  The  Digests  being  distri- 
buted without  wrappers,  passers-by  often 
picked  them  off  door-ways  before  sub- 
scribers had  a  chance.  Furthermore,  the 
constant  change  in  listing  between  those 
who  had  moved  in  and  out  of  Chinatown 
resulted  in  needless  correction  and  delays. 

With  this  issue  of  the  Digest  the  Cir- 
culation Department  has  placed  all  sub- 
scribers on  the  mailing  list.  This  means 
that  readers  in  Chinatown  will  receive 
their  Digest  the  same  day  as  the  rest, 
and  not  a  day  sooner.  It  also  means  in- 
creased cost  in  postage  and  wrapping. 
But  there  will  be  greater  uniformity  of 
service.  Readers  who  fail  to  receive  their 
Digest  should  inform  us  immediately. 
We  will  be  grateful  for  a  chance  to  cor- 
rect any  errors. 

o 

RICE  BOWLS  IN  THE 
UNITED  STATES 

Some  700  cities  staged  successful  Rice 
Bowl  parties  across  this  warm-hearted 
continent,  and  as  we  go  to  press  reports 
are  still  pouring  in  of  unexpected,  over- 
whelming success. 


The  Chicago  party  was  held  on  the 
Hotel  Sherman  Grand  ballroom.  The 
main  feature  was  the  unusual  all  Chinese 
floor  show  which  included  the  Mei  Lan 
Fong  ballet,  operatic  songs  by  Frank  Jue 
Fong,  acrobatics  by  world-wonder  Flo- 
rence Low,  magic  by  Ming  the  Magician, 
ballet  by  eight-year-old  Ruth  Koesun, 
and  Fashion  show  by  twenty  youth, 
assisted  by  Chinese  music.  Some  nine 
hundred  were  present. 

Two  weeks  earlier  merchants  closed 
their  shops  and  paraded  downtown  Chi- 
cago. Their  huge  flag  collected  $565 
from  bystanders.  The  next  day  a  grand 
fireworks  display  was  staged  at  the  Sol- 
dier's field  before  30,000  by  the  United 
Consul  for  Aid  to  China.  Such  spec- 
tacular   scenes    as   the    bombing   of    the 


Panay  and  the  destruction  of  Shanghai 
were  recorded  by  all  the  major  news 
cameramen. 

New  York's  Chinese  merchants  erect- 
ed a  huge  stand  on  the  corner  of  Pell 
and  Mott  streets,  welcoming  interested 
visitors  from  evening  till  early  morning 
of  the  next  day  with  local  talent,  Red 
Gate  players,  and  Broadway  favorites. 

On  June  24  the  Veterans'  Memorial 
hall  of  the  little  town  of  Vallejo  was 
jammed  to  capacity  when  over  2,000 
came  to  enjoy  a  program  arranged  by 
Ed  Hall.  A  fashion  show  was  presented 
under  the  direction  of  Miss  Alice  P. 
Fong,  aided  by  a  Chinese  orchestra.  The 
hall  was  filled  to  capacity  hours  before 
the  scheduled  opening  time.  Over  a 
thousand  dollars  was  raised. 


THE  COVER    PICTURE 

Known  to  young  blades  in  Chinatowns  of  three  continents  as  Barbara  Leong 
a  scant  seven  years  ago,  this  charming  lady  is  now  wife  of  China's  foremost 
medical  authority.  Dr.  C.  K.  Hsueh.  At  the  Studio  of  the  Chinese  Digest  where 
this  picture  was  snapped,  she  expressed  delight  over  the  remarkable  progress 
made  in  this  community. 


Dr.  George  Y.  Char,  Dr.  C.  K.  Hsueh,  Mrs.  Hsueh  and  son  inspecting  collection  of  rare 
medical  manuscripts  in  the  studio  of  the  Chinese  Digest.  The  two  doctors  are  noted  throughout 
the  Orient  as  urologist  and  X-ray  specialist  respectively.  On  their  sabbatical  leave  they  at- 
tended the  A.  M.  A.  convention  held  here  recently.  They  have  since  returned  to  their  head- 
quarters at  the  Peking  Union  Medical  college. 


Poge  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,  1938 


FAR     EAST 


Patrick  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


MONTHLY  REVIEW  OF 
THE  SINO-JAPANESE  WAR 

(From  May  21  to  June  20) 
Following  the  fall  of  Suchow,  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Lung-Hai  railway  and  the 
Tientsin-Pukow  railway,  the  Japanese 
armv  pushed  rapidly  westward  in  an  at- 
tempt to  capture  Chengchow,  where  the 
Lung-Hai  railway  crosses  the  Peiping- 
Hankow  railway.  There  the  Japanese 
expected  to  join  their  forces  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Yellow  river,  and  turn  south 
toward  Hankow,  the  provisional  capital 
of  China. 

Meanwhile,  in  the  southeast  of  Su- 
chow, the  Japanese  drew  a  cordon  to  en- 
circle the  fragments  of  the  Chinese  troops 
around  that  area.  From  the  Japanese 
high  command,  it  was  announced  that  an 
unbroken  link  of  steel  was  slowly  com- 
pressed around  these  Chinese  forces  which 
were  doomed  to  "complete  annihilation." 
However,  the  Chinese  soon  smartly  eluded 
the  Japanese  trap  by  forcing  their  way 
through  a  gap  in  the  south  of  Suchow. 
They  converged  at  Mengchow  in  An- 
hwei  province  and  reorganized  them- 
selves to  menace  the  Japanese  westward 
movement. 

The  Japanese  westward  movement  took 
the  shape  of  a  crescent  moon.  At  the 
top  of  the  crescent,  the  Japanese  forces 
were  locked  up  with  stubborn  Chinese  re- 
sistance in  the  corridors  of  the  Lung-Hai 
railway.  In  the  center  of  the  curve,  the 
Japanese  marched  toward  Kwoyang  in 
Anhwei  province.  In  the  lower  point  of 
the  crescent,  the  Japanese  moved  west- 
ward from  Chenyangkwan,  attempting  to 
cut  into  the  Peiping-Hankow  railway 
from  the  side. 

In  the  northern  or  the  upper  flank,  the 
Japanese  army  pushed  westward  and  oc- 
cupied a  series  of  Chinese  cities  includ- 
ing Tangshan,  Kweiteh,  Lanfeng,  Kai- 
feng,  and  Chungmow,  all  important  stra- 
tegic points  along  the  Lung-Hai  rail- 
way. The  Japanese  victory  seemed  to  be 
overwhelming,  due  decidedly  to  the  ad- 
vantages of  its  mechanized  equipment  on 
the  flat  battle  grounds.  However,  pitched 
battles  were  fought  over  the  debris  of 
these  cities  in  which  the  casualties  on  both 
sides  were  reported  extremely  heavy.  In 
the  battle  of  Lanfeng,  the  Chinese  le- 
gions, after  having  recaptured  the  city,  en- 
veloped the  Japanese  invaders  in  a  death 
trap  on  the  south  side  of  the  Yellow  river. 
General  Kenji  Doihara,  the  so-called 
"Lawrence  of  Manchuria,"  was  caught 


within  the  cordon,  but  heavy  reinforce- 
ments from  the  rear  saved  the  life  of  this 
notorious  sword-rattler. 

After  the  Japanese  vanguards  had 
reached  Chungmow  a  few  miles  from 
Chengchow,  it  appeared  that  the  invad- 
ers would  soon  take  the  railway  junction 
and  that  they  would  immediately  turn 
their  spearhead  toward  Hankow.  But 
here  a  force  stronger  than  any  modern 
army  had  made  its  sudden  appearance 
to  block  the  Japanese  advance  and  even 
threatened  to  wipe  out  the  whole  Jap- 
anese army  in  the  Central  China  front. 
The  Yellow  river,  known  as  China's 
Sorrow,  had  flooded  near  Lanfeng  and 
Kaifeng.  Torrential  rainfall  had  caused 
the  river  to  overflow  the  dikes  and  inun- 
date the  battlefield.  The  Japanese  me- 
chanized equipment  was  immediately 
mired  and  rendered  useless.  The  flood 
zone  soon  covered  1,600  square  miles.  At 
least  a  few  thousand  of  Japanese  troops 
were  drowned.  The  Japanese  charged  that 
the  Chinese  had  dynamited  the  dikes, 
but  the  Chinese  counterclaimed  that  the 
dikes  were  broken  by  Japanese  air  bombs. 
At  any  rate,  to  escape  the  heavy  flood,  the 
Japanese  were  obliged  to  withdraw  east- 
ward. Thus  the  Japanese  territorial  gains 
earned  with  bloody  sacrifices  were  washed 
away  when  nature  aided  China  in  her  de- 
fense. 

In  the  central  front,  the  Japanese  had 
advanced  from  Kwoyang  to  Pohsien.  In 
the  southern  flanks,  they  had  wormed 
their  way  from  Chenyangkwan  to  Fown- 
ing  and  Linan.  All  these  forces  aimed  to 
pierce  the  Peiping-Hankow  railway  from 
the  side. 

To  assist  its  army  on  land,  the  Jap- 
anese navy  planned  to  blast  its  way  up 
the  Yangtze  river  to  Hankow.  Forty  Jap- 
anese gunboats  and  transports  led  by  the 
flagship  Idzumo  steamed  westward  from 
Wuhu,  shelling  towns  on  both  banks  as 
they  went  on.  The  rejuvenated  Chinese 
air  force  met  the  Japanese  naval  chal- 
lenge. At  Anking  four  Japanese  war  ves- 
sels were  sunk  by  eight  Chinese  bombing 
planes. 

While  the  war  was  stalemated  by  the 
Yellow  River  flood  in  the  Central  China 
front,  the  Japanese  attacked  Canton  with 
intensive  air  raids.  From  May  28  until 
the  middle  of  June,  Japanese  planes 
bombed  the  city  every  day  in  relays.  Tons 
and  tons  of  explosives  were  loosened  over 
the  heads  of  the  innocent  and  defenseless 
civilians.  The  bombings  were  not  aimed  at 


any  military  establishment,  but  were  de- 
liberately made  to  terrify  the  teeming  mil- 
lions of  Chinese  people.  The  casualties 
among  the  civilians  mounted  to  10,000  as 
a  result  of  the  successive  raids.  The  Jap- 
anese atrocities  drew  protests  from  all  na- 
tions including  the  United  States.  But 
heedless  of  the  universal  cry  of  humanity, 
the  Japanese  raids  carried  on  unabated. 
o 

The  New  York  branch  of  the  Bank 
of  China  recently  released  its  first  vol- 
ume of  reports  on  contributions  received 
for  relief  in  China.  The  first  section 
shows  a  total  of  U.  S.  #194,904.41;  the 
supplementary  section,  #82,776.49. 

Hankow— The  110,000  Chinese  in  the 
Philippines  have  been  mobilized  into 
active  service  by  the  Anti-Japanese  War 
Aid  Association  and  more  than  #2,000,- 
000  Chinese  money  (#700,000)  has  been 
contributed  to  China's  war  chest. 
o 

Silver  spoons  were  sent  by  Madame 
Chiang  Kai-shek  recently  to  members  of 
her  Wellesley  classmates  of  '17  "to  show 
that  a  spoon  may  be  licked  but  China 
can't."  Madame  Chiang  Kai-shek  re- 
cently also  sent  600  tea  sets,  600  packages 
of  tea,  and  600  Chinese  flags  to  the 
members  of  the  class  of  1938  who  have 
voted  her  an  honorary  member. 

o 

BOOKS  ON  THE  SINO- 
JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

(Continued  from  last  issue) 

"Militarism  in  Japan"  by  Kenneth 
W.  Colegrove.  World  Affairs  Books, 
No.  16.  (World  Peace  Foundation,  Bos- 
ton, 1936.   77  pp.,  bound,  75  cents.) 

The  best  brief  introduction  to  the  sub- 
ject. 

"Militarism  and  Fascism  in  Japan" 
by  O.  Tanin  and  E.  Yohan.  (Interna- 
tional Publishers,  New  York,  1934.  320 
pp.,  #2.50.) 

A  compilation  of  data  about  the  re- 
lations between  military,  financial,  and 
political  groups  in  Japan. 

"War  and  Diplomacy  in  the  Jap- 
anese Empire"  by  Tatsuji  Takeuchi.  In- 
troduction by  Quincy  Wright.  (Double- 
day,  Doran  cV  Co.,  New  York,  1935. 
505  pp.,  bibl.,  #4.50.) 

"Unprecedented  frankness  and  clari- 
ty."—Pearl  Buck. 

(Continued  on  page  9) 

Reception  to  Chinotown  visitors  on  the  Kwong 
Yuan  Schooner,  the  center  insert  being  fhot 
of  the  captain. 


July,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


* 


Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,   1938 


SOCIOLOGICAL 

Lim  P.  Lee     


DATA 


Scut  fy>iaHc>Uc&  CUiH-cdo-w+ik  JlaA&i  pn&blemb 


With  industrial  peace  once  more  estab- 
lished in  San  Francisco's  Chinatown,  it 
is  well  for  the  community  to  take  an  in- 
ventory of  its  employer-employee  rela- 
tionships so  as  to  prevent  further  strikes 
and  lock-outs,  thus  eliminating  the  eco- 
nomic waste  involved  in  labor  disputes. 
In  less  than  six  months'  time,  while 
organized  labor  is  still  a  new  experiment 
in  the  community,  Chinatown  has  seen 
a  strike  between  the  International  Ladies' 
Garment  Workers'  Union  and  the 
Golden  Gate  Manufacturing  Co.,  a  sym- 
pathetic strike  against  the  National 
Dollar  Stores,  Ltd.,  and  a  C.  I.  O. 
laundry  workers'  union  against  the  Chi- 
nese laundries.  As  a  result  of  these  and 
other  labor  disputes,  the  C.  I.  O.  and 
the  A.  F.  L.,  as  spokesmen  for  organized 
labor,  have  established  branch  offices  in 
Chinatown.  The  Chinese  Digest  has 
maintained  an  impartial  attitude  toward 
all  labor  disputes,  and  will  continue  to 
do  so;  however  this  writer  feels  that  the 
labor  problems  of  Chinatown  should  be 
given  an  airing  that  is  long  overdue, 
and  the  community  is  the  silent  partner 
of  all  labor  disputes  and  should  be  given 
a  voice  in  employer-employee  relation- 
ships. Criticism  and  comments  are  wel- 
come from  the  readers. 


Unionization  of  Chinatown 

Organized  labor  is  opening  the  way 
for  the  unionization  of  Chinatown,  and 
the  Chinese  workers  are  admitted  to  un- 
ions heretofore  American  and  onetime 
anti-Chinese.  The  maritime  strike  on 
the  San  Francisco  waterfront  in  1936 
found  the  first  Chinese  on  the  picket 
lines,  and  in  the  1937  hotel  strike  the 
Chinese  were  admitted  to  the  culinary 
and  miscellaneous  workers'  A.  F.  L.  union 
No.  110  without  discrimination,  also  the 
return  of  the  Chinese  from  the  1937 
Alaska  cannery  season  established  the 
Chinese  Mutual  Aid  Association  (C.  I. 
O.).  The  I.  L.  G.  W.  U.  started  to 
unionize  the  workers  of  the  National 
Dollar  factory  in  the  summer  of  1937, 
and  the  charter  for  the  Chinese  local  was 
granted  in  November  of  the  same  year. 
The  garment  strike  and  the  laundry 
strike  have  given  the  A.  F.  L.  the  oppor- 
tunity to  organize  the  unorganized  gar- 
ment factories  and  Chinese  laundries,  so 
headquarters  have  been  established  in 
Chinatown  for  the  A.  F.  L.  members. 
Whither  Organized  Labor? 

The  growth  of  organized  labor  was 
undreamt  of  especially  by  the  older  gen- 
eration who  have  suffered  from  the  per- 
secutions of  organized  labor  for  more 
than  two  score  years.    The  sympathetic 


•  WE  ARE  grateful  for  the  confidence  shown  in  us  by  a 
large  number  of  Chinese  people  who  have  purchased  dia- 
monds, watches,  and  jewelry  from  us  during  the  past  sev- 
eral years.  We  invite  the  patronage  of  all  Chinese  who 
appreciate  a  one-price,  square-dealing  store.  We  offer 
a  money  back  guarantee  with  every  purchase.  Mr.  Arthur 
Yim,  a  very  courteous  and  intelligent  Chinese  young  man, 
in  our  employ,  will  be  glad  to  assist  you  in  your  purchases. 

S  A  M'U  ELS 

Market  Street,  Opposite   Powell,  SAN   FRANCISCO 
1520  Broadway,  Between  Roos  Bros,  and  Hastings,  OAKLAND 


attitude  that  organized  labor  gave  to 
China  in  her  present  crisis  has  given  the 
labor  leaders  a  voice  in  the  community's 
affairs.  In  order  to  understand  the  pro- 
gress that  organized  labor  has  made  in 
the  unionization  of  Chinatown  one  must 
turn  back  the  pages  of  history  of  this 
state.  Without  such  historical  facts 
neither  the  labor  leaders,  the  employers 
nor  the  community  can  realize  and  ap- 
preciate the  tremendous  responsibility  on 
the  part  of  organized  labor  to  make  good 
in  Chinatown.  Labor  has  given  the  Chi- 
nese in  this  state  a  "raw  deal"  in  the 
past,  and  Chinatown  is  not  accepting 
organized  labor  uncritically.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  opportunity  is  open  for 
Chinatown  to  accept  collective  bargaining 
peacefully  without  any  of  the  violence 
and  bloodshed  that  is  so  current  on  the 
American  labor  front. 

Chinese  Laborers  in  California 

The  early  Chinese  that  came  to  Cali- 
fornia in  1848  and  1849  were  minors 
and  laborers.  Confronted  with  economic 
hardship  while  eking  out  an  existence 
from  the  soil  of  South  China,  these  im- 
migrants came  in  great  numbers  to  the 
comparative  prosperity  of  a  new  world. 
However,  the  welcome  of  these  new 
arrivals  from  the  Celestial  Empire  did 
not  last  long  since  the  agitations  against 
them  spread  from  the  mines  to  the  cities. 
The  country  was  faced  with  a  depression 
in  1870,  and  the  political  agitators  found 
the  Chinese  a  very  convenient  group  to 
blame  for  the  economic  conditions;  so  by 
1876  the  two  major  political  parties  in- 
corporated anti-Chinese  planks  in  their 
political  platforms.  Economic  discontents 
were  spreading  from  the  Atlantic  sea- 
board to  the  Pacfic  Coast  due  chiefly  to 
to  the  railroad  speculations  and  post  war 
inflation  of  the  reconstruction  era  after 
the  Civil  War  in  the  American  republic. 

"The  Chinese   Must   Go" 

It  was  in  these  turbulent  times  that 
Dennis  Kearney,  an  Irish  drayman,  who 
had  been  repudiated  by  his  associates  in 
socialistic  circles,  aspired  to  personal 
power  and,  obsessed  with  political  am- 
bitions, formed  the  Workingmcn's  Partv 
in  1877  and  capitalized  on  the  popular 
feeling  against  the  Chinese.  Organized 
labor  had  stirred  the  feelings  against 
the  Chinese  in  the  state  before  the  ar- 
rival of  Dennis  Kearney,  and  all  that 
was  necessary  was  a  demagogue  to  cry- 
stallize political  sentiment  into  action. 
"The  Chinese  Must  Go"  was  the  slogan 
utilized  by  Kearney  to  stir   the   workers 


w«#- 


July,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


and  the  unemployed.  The  State  Consti- 
tutional Convention  of  1879,  and  the  new 
state  constitution  reflected  the  feelings 
of  the  time  with  its  numerous  anti- 
Chinese  provisions.  The  Chinese  Exclu- 
sion Act  was  first  passed  in  1879,  the 
Eurlingame  treaty  was  modified  in  1880, 
and  in  1882  Congress  suspended  the  im- 
migration of  Chinese  laborers  to  the 
United  States.  Kearney  and  the  Work- 
ingmen's  Party  had  done  a  good  job  of 
barring  Chinese  laborers  from  the  United 
States. 
The  Boycott  of  Chinese  Labor 

Labor  did  not  cease  in  its  efforts  with 
the  passing  of  the  Chinese  Exclusion 
Act.  '  The  anti-Chinese  movement  was 
then  directed  for  the  next  decade  to  the 
boycotting  of  Chinese-made  goods  manu- 
factured in  this  country.  The  cigar-makers 
and  the  shoe  and  boot  manufacturers 
faced  direct  competition  from  Chinese 
labor  and  the  union  label  was  devised  to 
distinguish  their  products  from  those 
made  by  Chinese  labor.  The  Trades 
Assembly  of  San  Francisco  called  a  state 
convention  of  labor  and  anti-Chinese  or- 
ganizations in  1882  and  formed  the 
League  of  Deliverance  to  direct  the  boy- 
cott of  Chinese-made  goods.  Anti-Chinese 
riots  broke  out  in  various  parts  of  the 
state  for  the  next  five  years.  The  Knights 
of  Labor  held  an  anti-Chinese  conven- 
tion in  San  Francisco  in  1885  and 
delegates  came  from  Los  Angeles,  Sac- 
ramento, Stockton  and  Vallejo.  The 
curtailing  of  Chinese  immigration  due 
to  the  enforcement  and  extension  of  the 
exclusion  act  in  1892,  and  the  coming 
of  the  Japanese  to  California  gradually 
brought  a  period  of  toleration  of  the 
Chinese  in  the  state.  By  1890  the  Chi- 
nese question  was  set  aside  for  a  new 
"Yellow  Peril,"  the  coming  of  the  Jap- 
anese in  great  numbers  to  California. 
Aftermath  of  the  Chinese  Agitations 

Although  at  the  beginning  of  this  cen- 
tury, organized  labor  conducted  no  cam- 
paigns against  the  Chinese  in  the  state, 
the  scars  of  the  agitation  era  were  not 
healed  so  soon.  Racial  discrimination 
was  carried  on  by  the  organized  crafts 
and  no  Chinese  could  gain  admission  in 
the  trade  unions  of  the  city  or  the  state. 
Instead  of  the  violent  methods  of  the 
sand-lot  days,  tactics  of  boycott  and  dis- 
crimination were  carried  on  with  less 
violence  but  with  equal  effectiveness. 
The  Chinese  laundries  all  over  the  city 
were  subjected  to  constant  molesting  and 


laundrymen  were  often  beaten  up  in 
broad  daylight.  Chinese  vegetable  ped- 
dlers were  objects  of  hoodlum  attacks. 
The  Chinese  butchers  were  boycotted  and 
placed  on  the  unfair  lists  of  labor.  With- 
out malice,  and  often  returning  good  for 
evil,  the  Chinese  carried  on  with  patience, 
stoicism  and  long-suffering  until  organ- 
ized labor  sends  its  representatives  to 
Chinatown  to  welcome  the  Chinese  to 
their  ranks. 
Labor  Problems  Today 

As  we  move  into  the  era  of  contem- 
porary labor  problems  of  San  Francisco 
Chinatown,  we  are  moving  into  a  new 
field — one  that  is  complicated  by  factors 
peculiar  to  the  environment  of  our  com- 
munity. In  this  article  the  writer  feels 
that  open  and  frank  discussion  is  the 
best  method  of  trying  to  solve  our  labor 
problems.  As  an  introduction  this  writer 
ventures  to  advance  five  factors,  by  no 
means  conclusive,  as  a  preliminary  dis- 
cussion of  Chinatown's  labor  problems: 

(1)  collective  bargaining  has  arrived  in 
Chinatown  and  cannot  be  long  ignored, 

(2)  higher  wages,  shorter  hours,  and 
better  working  conditions  should  be  the 
guide  for  all  employer-employee  rela- 
tionships, (3)  jurisdictional  disputes 
should  be  condemned  and  not  allowed  to 
interfere  with  work  and  business,  (4) 
organized  labor  and  labor  leaders  should 
begin  to  assume  community  responsibili- 
ties, and  (5)  labor  disputes  should  be 
settled  in  the  light  of  community  interest. 

(Editor's  Note:   For  a   lack   of   space   this 
article  will  be  continued  in  the  August  issue  of 
the  Chinese  Digest. — C.  W.  L.) 
O 

ELEVEN  MILLION  COINS 
MINTED  FOR  CHINA 

Behind  bullet-proof  glass  an  inch  and 
a  half  thick,  nearly  a  hundred  men  have 
been  working  six  hours  a  day  for  two 
months  in  the  San  Francisco  mint,  turn- 
ing out  10,720,000  Chinese  coins.  Follow- 
ing regulations  adopted  in  the  latter  part 
of  1937,  the  silver  content  has  been  re- 
duced from  the  former  880  parts  silver 
and  120  parts  copper  to  720  parts  silver 
and  280  parts  copper,  as  against  a  silver 
content  of  nine  to  one  in  United  States 
coins. 

The  150  tons  of  alloy  include  3,240,000 
Chinese  silver  dollars  and  6,490,000  half 
dollars,  both  denominations  bearing  the 
image  of  Sun  Yat  Sen.  The  minting  of 
these  coins  was  completed  recently,  ac- 
cording to  Peter  J.  Haggerty,  director 
of  the  mint. 


The  minting  process  includes  the  fol- 
lowing steps:  (a)  The  metals  are  heated 
to  a  temperature  of  1,600  degrees  and 
poured  into  moulds  to  form  ingots,  (b) 
The  ingots,  measuring  14  inches,  are 
passed  through  rollers  under  200  tons 
pressure.  After  36  passes  they  have 
stretched  to  a  length  of  ten  feet,  (c) 
The  rough  coins  are  punched  out  of  the 
sheet  metal. 

(d)  The  coins  are  washed  in  a  solution 
of  argule,  water  and  sulphuric  acid,  (e) 
Edges  are  smoothed  and  pieces  reviewed 
for  defects,  (f)  Each  coin  is  weighed 
twice,  once  for  overweight,  once  for  un- 
der weight.  If  they  are  more  than  1.35 
grains  either  way  from  standard  they 
are  condemned,  (g)  Coins  are  struck 
and  milled  at  the  rate  of  100  pieces  a 
minute  under  90  tons  of  pressure,  (h) 
Coins  are  counted  automatically  at  the 
rate  of  2000  a  minute  and  weighed  down 
to  one  half  of  one  hundredth  of  an 
ounce.  They  are  then  boxed  for  ship- 
ment to  China. 


FOR  STAGE 
AND  SCREEN 

Helene  Hughes  announced  that  she 
was  opening  classes  for  Chinese  children 
and  adults  in  order  to  prepare  for  the 
huge  demand  for  talent.  Miss  Hughes 
stated  that  she  had  already  received 
numerous  calls,  and  anticipated  many 
more,  because  of  the  many  activities 
planned  in  accordance  with  the  Golden 
Gate  National  Exposition. 

Fanchon  and  Marco  is  offering  thor- 
ough and  complete  courses  in  Drama, 
Radio,  Voice,  and  all  types  of  specialty 
and  ensemble  dancing.  With  this  train- 
ing, a  student  has  every  opportunity  for  a 
professional  career,  because  of  the  over- 
(Continued  on  page   19) 


C/iUtede  WoaJu 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


Page  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,  1938 


THE    JADE    BOX 


YOUTH  AND 
GOOD-WILL 

Fortunate  are  American  youth.  But 
more  fortunate  are  the  Chinese  youth  in 
America.  Their  schooling  has  not  been 
interrupted.  Their  daily  rations  have  not 
been  reduced.  Their  homes  and  loved 
ones  have  not  been  taken  from  them. 
They  have  not  been  pressed  into  war  serv- 
ice. In  fact,  they  have  not  had  to  sacri- 
fice an  iota. 

But  their  chance  came  when  the  Ameri- 
can nation  and  people,  aroused  by  Japan's 
inhumanity,  organized  a  nationwide  Hu- 
manity Day  celebration  to  aid  China's  war 
victims.  Chinese  youth  throughout  the 
United  States  paraded,  sold  badges,  gave 
talks  and  entertainments  in  order  that 
more  rice  bowls  might  be  filled  for  their 
less  fortunate  cousins  across  the  seas. 
Speaking  for  the  S.  F.  Bay  area,  losing 
weight  and  sleep  lately  was  a  genuine 
pleasure  for  the  young  people.  How  could 
it  be  called  a  sacrifice  of  anything  when 
they  had  such  fun  working  together  for 
the  Grass  Valley,  San  Francisco,  and  Val- 
lejo  Rice  Bowl  parties?  Five  hundred  high 
school  boys  and  girls  canvassed  San  Fran- 
cisco on  foot  and  sold  thousands  of  "Hu- 
manity Badges."  Sixty-five  girls  and  boys 
played  to  an  appreciative  audience  150 
miles  away  in  Grass  Valley  to  help  swell 
the  Rice  Bowl  fund,  and  a  cast  of  70  went 
to  help  at  the  Vallejo  party. 

The  brass  ring,  however,  (with  apolo- 
gies to  the  Washington  Merry-Go- 
Rounders)  goes  to  the  60-odd  young 
ladies  who  stepped  over  club  lines  and 
personal  differences  onto  the  footlights 
to  present  Chinatown's  largest  fashion 
show,  one  of  the  main  features  of  San 
Francisco's  Rice  Bowl  celebration.  Com- 
ments, by  the  way,  are  still  coming  in 
about  that. 

And  what  would  I  say  about  our  young 
people's  work  in  winning  American  good- 
will and  cementing  the  bonds  of  friend- 
ship between  the  Chinese  and  American 
people  in  America?  Would  you  be  will- 
ing to  venture  a  guess? 

YOUTH  AND 
MORALE 

Youth  are  on  the  march — millions  of 
them  throughout  the  world  today.  They 
march  to  the  front  lines.  They  deal  death 
to  others.  They  die  themselves.  They 
march  in  camps  to  prepare  to  sacrifice 
their  all. 


Lady  P'ing  Yu 

In  China  youth  are  marching  also. 
Some  march  on  to  die — others  to  keep 
up  the  nation's  morale.  Behind  the  front 
lines  some  give  their  youthful  energy, 
strength,  talent,  courage,  and  enthusiasm 
to  heavy  tasks  such  as  first  aid  to  refu- 
gees, letter  writing  for  the  soldiers,  or- 
ganizing song  and  play  bands  to  cheer 
the  cheerless,  propaganda  units,  peasant 
guerrillas,  teaching  measures  of  public 
safety  and  protection  against  air  raids, 
radio  operation,  and  efforts  in  reuniting 
families  and  locating  lost  children.  Out- 
standing have  been  the  brave  Boy  Scouts, 
Girl  Guides,  middle  school  and  college 
students  in  this  work.  No  fanfare,  glory, 
or  fame  accompany  these  heroic  deeds. 
Every  task  is  accepted  gladly  and  with- 
out complaint.  Indeed  it  is  harder  for 
one  to  be  excluded  from  such  useful- 
ness. The  youth  of  China  are  being  im- 
bued with  a  new  spirit  of  service. 

The  invaders  having  found  China's 
youth  a  strong  national  force  and  recog- 
nized the  danger  of  China's  future 
strength  in  her  young  people,  have  con- 
sistently bombed  and  destroyed  her  cen- 
ters of  education  and  patriotic  action. 
China's  central  government  has  not  been 
slow  either  to  recognize  this  fact.  For 
she  is  taking  steps  to  preserve  the  nation's 
youth  by  organizing  and  transporting  her 
schools  and  students  inland.  The  influx 
of  this  new  spirit  of  youth,  unity,  and 
service  will  be  useful  in  revitalizing 
China's  rural  interior.  And  in  the  mean- 
time, the  morale  of  China's  millions  is  be- 
ing served  and  saved  by  China's  youth. 

o 

YUENG  LOTT  JIL 
STUFFED  BELL  PEPPERS 

By  Daisy  Chinn 

In  step  with  the  times!  That's  a  big 
order.  If  we  are  to  do  our  little  share 
of  community  service,  our  bit  of  reading 
to  keep  up  with  latest  highlights  on 
child  psychology,  or  perhaps  help  Junior 
with  his  arithmetic  problems — a  very  lit- 
tle time  is  left  for  the  equally  big  prob- 
lem of  feeding  an  energetic  family. 

So — on  one  of  those  days  when  daddy 
is  expected  home  at  six.  and  we  come 
bouncing  in  at  5:30  from  that  benefit  tea 
Mrs.  Sue  Soo-soo  sponsored,  we  fran- 
tically seek  out  one  of  our  l/2  hour  reci- 
pes— and  here's  one  of  the  most  delic- 
ious Vz  hour  recipes  I  can  offer  you. 

Before  we  start,  let  us  not  forget  that 
our  China  rice  should  be  well  cleansed 


and  puffily  steaming  on  the  stove.  Yes, 
cooking  rice  is  a  real  timesaver.  No 
basting  to  be  done,  no  seasoning,  no  turn- 
ing over,  just  a  little  "present-minded- 
ness"  to  see  that  it  doesn't  burn.  Timing 
yourself,  you  clean  half  a  dozen  large, 
green  bell  peppers.  Cut  into  quarters 
lengthwise  and  fill  with  the  following: 

2  lbs.  of  pork  and  U  lb.  prawns  ground 
together.    (The  prawns  may  be  omitted.) 

Season  with  salt,  soy  sauce,  add  1  tbls. 
brown  peanut  oil  and  1  tbls.  flour  so 
mixture  will  adhere. 

Fill  quarters  of  bell  peppers  with  this 
mixture. 

Have  frying  pan  hot  with  browned  pea- 
nut oil. 

Turn  gas  on  medium.  Put  in  bell  pep- 
pers with  meat  mixture  facing  down- 
ward. When  brown,  turn  over  carefully 
with  bamboo  chop  sticks  so  mixture  will 
not  fall  out. 

Add  a  tsp.  water  and  cover.  Simmer 
gently  over  slow  fire  for  5  minutes. 

If  gravy  is  desired,  add  one  cup  of 
boiled  water,  and  stir  in  1  tbls.  of  flour 
previously  mixed  with  cold  water.  Stir 
continually  in  between  pieces  of  bell  pep- 
pers while  mixture  is  being  added. 

Our  process  of  cooking  enables  us  to 
make  gravy  while  the  meat  is  still  being 
cooked.  This  very  singular  reason  ac- 
counts for  the  outstanding  deliciousness 
of  Chinese  culinary. 

Top  with  finely  chopped  Chinese  green 
onions  cut  crosswise.  Serve  with  hot 
China  rice. 


Mr.  Liang  Ssu-cheng,  a  leading  Chinese 
architect  and  archeologist,  will  be  a  visit- 
ing lecturer  at  Harvard  Universitv*s 
Graduate  School  of  Design  next  vear. 
Mr.  Liang  is  the  author  of  Construc- 
tion Regulations  of  the  Ch'ing  dvnastv, 
and  director  of  technical  studies  in  the 
Society  for  Research  in  Chinese  Archi- 
tecture. 


Caroline  Chew,  daughter  of  Dr.  Ng 
Poon  Chew,  late  editor  of  the  Chung  Sat 
Yat  Po  has  been  married  in  New  York 
to  Lee  Ruttle,  young  theatrical  producer. 
The  newlyweds  will  be  welcomed  bv  Caro- 
line's internationallv-minded  family  when 
they  come  here  in  January  on  her  dancing 
tour.  (For  picture  and  story  of  Caroline 
Chew  see  Chinese  Digest  for  August. 
1937.) 


X& 


..**#> 


July,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


THE    JADE    BOX 


FEDERATION 
ACTIVITIES 

The  Federation  of  Chinese  Clubs  an- 
nounced last  week  that  their  net  receipts 
for  the  Lotus  Festival  up  to  this  period 
had  amounted  to  over  a  thousand  dol- 
lars. Considerably  more  is  expected,  and 
it  was  announced  that  a  check  for  the 
affair  will  be  presented  to  the  China 
War  Relief  Association  chairman,  Mr. 
B.  S.  Fong,  the  first  week  in  July. 

At  their  election  held  at  the  close  of 
last  month,  the  following  officers  were 
elected: 

President,  Ira  C.  Lee;  vice-president, 
Rose  Wong;  recording  secretary,  Dorothy 
Fong;  corresponding  secretary,  Bessie 
Woo;  treasurer,  Thomas  Chinn;  finan- 
cial secretary,  Leland  Kimlau;  and  Chi- 
nese secretary,  P.  K.  Wong. 
o 


Lady  P'ing  Yu 


CONFLICT  BOOKS 

(Continued  from  page  4) 

"The  Basis  of  Japanese  Foreign 
Policy"  by  Albert  E.  Hindmarsh.  (Har- 
vard University  Press,  Cambridge,  Mass., 
1936.  275  pp.,  bibl.,  £2.50.) 

An  analysis  of  the  internal  pressures — 
population,  resources,  land  system,  indus- 
trial organization,  etc. — responsible  for 
Japan's  expansionist  policy. 

"Militarism  and  Foreign  Poiicy  in 
Japan"  by  Eric  Causton.  (Allan  &  Un- 
win,  London,  1936.  207  pp.,  map,  bibl., 
7s.  6d.) 

An  objective  appraisal  of  Japan's  mili- 
tarism as  an  outgrowth  of  the  country's 
social  and  economic  history. 

"Eyes  on  Japan"  by  Victor  A.  Yak- 
hantoff.    (Coward-McCann,  New  York, 

1936.  329  pp.,  ill.,  £3.50.) 

A  more  journalistic  but  accurate,  well- 
balanced,  and  sympathetic  account  of 
present  problems  in  Japan. 

"Japan's  Feet  of  Clay"  by  Freda 
Utley.     (W.    W.  Norton,  New  York, 

1937.  393  pp.,  £3.75.) 

A  critical  analysis  of  Japan's  internal 
weakness  as  a  cause  of  aggression  abroad. 
(To  be  continued) 

The  gigantic  parade  held  by  New  York 
Chinatown  ians. 

Some  pictures  showing  various  phases  of  the 
mass  parade  in  New  York  on  May  9,  in  which 
12,000  people  participated.  These  pictures 
came  in  too  late  for  inclusion  in  our  last  issue. 
(For  story  of  this  parade  see  the  June  issue 
of  the  Chinese  Digest.) 

Photos  by  W.  Yukon 


' 


Poge   10 


CH INESE     DIGEST 


July,  1938 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


FABRICATED  CERAMIC 
ORNAMENTATION 

Openwork,  Graffiato,  and  Moulding 

Not  all  fabrications  may  be  conven- 
iently divided  into  sunken  reliefs  or  in- 
taligo  and  raised  reliefs  or  cameo-like 
embossment.  Works  like  chui  kung  (awl 
raised  decoration)  often  partake  of  the 
nature  of  both.  In  addition  we  may  in- 
clude here  openwork,  graffiato,  and 
moulded  decoration. 
Openwork  Decoration 

Piercing  the  ground  results  in  open- 
work, the  simplest  being  those  done  on 
the  rim,  cover,  or  foot  of  a  vessel,  the 
functional  aspect  of  the  ware  being  un- 
affected. In  some  cases  the  openwork 
is  done  on  such  luted  reliefs  as  bosses 
and  luted  panels,  the  wall  of  the  vessel 
remaining  intact.  In  others,  the  open- 
work is  confined  to  reserves,  in  which 
case  a  backing  wall  is  generally  luted  be- 
hind the  openwork  so  that  the  useful- 
ness of  the  vessel  to  hold  substances  is 
unimpaired. 

a.  The  "work  of  the  devil"  or  kuei 
kung  is  the  term  given  to  any  elaborate 
relief  cravings  which  also  include  the  en- 
graving and  piercing  of  the  ground. 
Dragons  with  movable  eyeballs  weave  in 
and  out  of  billowing  waves  pierced  here 
and  there  to  give  the  impression  of  greater 
depth.  Porcelain  chains  and  revolving 
belts  are  often  classified  here. 

b.  The  term  lou  kung  (pierced  en- 
graving) is  given  to  kuei  kung  or  open- 
work which  left  the  wall  (aided  by  carv- 
ing and  luting)  in  the  shape  of  floating 
clouds,  flying  bats,  etc.  Jars  with  kuei 
kung  or  lou  kung  generally  have  an  in- 
ner casing,  and  sometimes  the  outer  cas- 
ing is  free  to  revolve  around  it.  It  was 
first  produced  during  the  Tang  dyn- 
asty. 

c.  When  the  openings  form  a  regu- 
lar repeat-pattern,  as  the  bamboo,  fret, 
or  coin  pattern,  so  popular  during  the 
Ming  dynasty,  the  result  is  reticulated 
or  ling  lung  (elaborate  openwork)  deco- 
ration. These  are  found  on  insect  cages, 
lanterns,  incense  urns,  and  perfume  jars. 

d.  The  term  "false  reticulation"  is 
sometimes  given  to  channelled  or  moulded 
work  done  after  the  style  of  reticulated 
wares,  although  many  enameled  and 
lacework  porcelains  (wares  incised  to  semi- 
transparency)  often  bear  similar  patterns. 
In  these  types  the  walls  of  the  vessels 
are  deeply  channelled  but  not  pierced. 


e.  Rice  pattern  or  lenticular  decora- 
tion is  the  term  given  to  wares  whose 
walls  are  pierced,  generally  to  form  a  pat- 
tern, the  openings  then  filled  with  glaze 
and  fired,  the  resulting  effect  being  that 
of  embedded  rice  grains.  As  many  as 
eleven  coats  of  glaze  are  necessary  in 
order  to  completely  fill  these  openings. 
They  were  at  their  best  during  the  Ch'ien 
Lung  period. 
Graffiato 

Graffiato  is  the  term  given  to  a  large 
group  of  decorations  which  are  done  not 
on  the  biscuit  but  on  a  slip  which  covered 
the  biscuit,  the  slip  being  incised,  carved, 
or  scraped  away  to  form  low  relief  de- 
signs, or  in  come  cases  to  yield  a  design 
on  the  biscuit  as  reserve.  A  slip  is  a  thin 
ceramic  paste  varying  in  texture  from 
pottery  to  porcellaneous  fineness,  and  in 
thickness  from  an  unnoticed  thin  wash 
to  a  heavy  coating  and  is  generally  em- 
ployed to  improve  the  texture  of  the  ware 
or  to  change  the  surface  color. 

a.  Slips  may  be  white  or  colored,  the 
latter  often  being  used  to  completely 
cover  the  underlying  biscuit.  A  two-color 
effect  is  secured  when  a  slip  different  in 
color  from  that  of  the  biscuit  is  carved 
or  scraped. 

b.  Such  a  graffiato  when  covered  with 
a  translucent  glaze,  such  as  a  light  green 
or  a  pale  yellow,  would  yield  a  harmoni- 
ous effect,  the  color  of  the  glaze  blending 
the  two  colors  under  it. 

c.  If  the  glaze  is  a  clear  colorless  one, 
and  the  slip  is  very  thin,  the  general 
effect  is  that  of  under-the-glaze  paint- 
ing. 

d.  When  covered  with  an  opaque  glaze 
an  an-hua  effect  is  secured,  the  raised  de- 
signs showing  up  a  lighter  shade  than  the 
ground. 

e.  Enamels  are  frequently  applied  to 
raised  portions  of  any  reliefs,  the  result 
being  a  heightened  effect  for  the  reliefs. 
(Enamels  are  also  often  applied  thickly 
on  smooth  ground  to  suggest  shading  or 
relief,  this  being  especially  true  with 
some  Japanese  polychromes  where  the 
enamel  dots  and  lines  appear  as  bosses  and 
threads.) 

f.  A  glaze  may  be  used  instead  of  a 
slip  in  making  graffiato,  the  glaze  being 
incised,  carved,  or  scrapped  away  to  re- 
veal the  biscuit  which  may  be  left  smooth 
or  with  rough-hewn  surfaces,  and  either 
plain  or  colored  with  pigments. 

g.  Instead  of  exposing  the  biscuit  by 
carving,  the  slip  or  glaze  may  be  painted 


on,  leaving  the  biscuit  as  ground  or  as 
design  in  reserve.  Highly  raised  reliefs 
from  slip  painting  are  obtain  by  mixing 
ceramic  shavings  into  the  slip. 

h.  Many  Tzu  Chou  potteries  are  deco- 
rated by  painting  with  a  colored  slip  on 
top  of  another;  no  glaze  being  required 
over  them,  as  glazing  materials  are  mixed 
into  the  slips. 

i.  Patches  of  slips  are  sometimes  painted 
over  crackled  ground  to  yield  a  smooth 
surface  for  under-the-glaze  painting. 
Similarly,  patches  of  glazes  are  applied 
to  biscuit  to  receive  aubergine  enamel 
(for  enameled  wares  of  the  sur-biscuit 
type)  because  this  enamel  does  not  show 
to  advantage  when  applied  directly  to  the 
biscuit. 

Moulded  Decoration 
and  Modelling 

Modelling  is  a  term  which  includes 
carving,  sculpturing,  or  shaping  of  the 
ware  as  a  whole  and  is  relatively  rare. 
Waving,  indenting,  or  scalloping  the 
edges  and  crimping,  fluting,  or  shaping 
the  body  of  vessels  may  be  considered  as 
modelling.  Whereas  stamping  is  typically 
a  substitute  for  intaligo,  moulding  is 
commonly  a  substitute  for  embossing  and 
awl-raised  decorations.  The  Chinese  as- 
signed the  division  of  potters  into  turners 
and  moulders  as  far  back  as  the  time  of 
Huang  Ti  (2698  B.  C.)  Most  figurines 
are  moulded  in  halves  and  then  luted  to- 
gether, this  being  especially  true  of  Tang 
warriors,  camels,  horses,  and  other  stat- 
ues. 

a.  Tall  vases  are  made  in  cylindrical 
sections,  about  three  in  number,  and  then 
luted  together.  Hexagonal  vessels  have 
their  sides  separately  moulded  from  a 
common  mould  and  then  luted  to  a  hexa- 
gonal base. 

b.  Modern  paper-thin  eggshell  porce- 
lains are  made  by  pouring  slips  into 
moulds.  In  earlier  times  the  eggshells 
were  made  with  great  difficulty:    a  thin 

(Continued  on   page   19) 


Examples  of  fabricated  ornamentation:      1 
Openwork    lantern    of    the    "ling    lung"    type; 
(21    Openwork    jar  of   the   "lou   k'ung"   type, 
leaving    a   ground   of   leaves   and    medallions; 

(3)  "Tzu  Chou"  jar  w.'th  carved  brown-black 
glaze,  exposing    rugged   ground    painted   red; 

(4)  Bowl  with  rice  or  lenticular  pattern;  (51 
Powder  box  with  "kuei  kung"  decoration 
showing  dragon  with  movable  eyes  and  tongue 
pursuing  movable  crystal  boll  in  a  field  of 
luted  floating  clouds;  (61  "Tzu  Chou"  vase 
of  incised  white  slip,  the  ground  being  colored 
with  turquoise  blue  gloze. 


•*/V$^' 


July,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  11 


KJr.     1     /-otirfp^nf  Sinn  Chnnn  fnmnnnv  No    5.  courtesy  of  Mr.  and  Mrs 


tu   nf   Sinn("h 


hnw:    Nos.    2.    3.    4.   6.    author's    collection. 


Page  12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


S.  F.  CHINATOWN'S  "BOWL 
OF  RICE"  PAGEANT 

Between  the  17th  and  30th  of  last 
month  there  were  held  in  about  700  cities 
throughout  the  United  States  what  was 
designated  as  "Bowl  of  Rice"  parties  to 
raise  funds  for  an  estimated  50,000,000 
starving  civilians  in  war-torn  China  to- 
day. Sponsored  by  the  United  Council 
for  Civilian  Relief  in  China,  with  Col. 
Theodore  Roosevelt  Jr.  as  national  chair- 
man, June  17  was  set  aside  as  "Humanity 
Day,"  in  order  that  the  attention  of  the 
entire  American  people  may  be  focused 
on  this  relief  campaign. 

Of  all  these  parties,  perhaps  the  big- 
gest, in  point  of  attendance  and  funds 
collected,  and  also  in  color  and  mag- 
nificance,  was  the  "Bowl  of  Rice"  pag- 
eant held  in  San  Francisco  Chinatown. 

In  all  appropriateness  San  Francisco 
utilized  its  world-famous  Chinatown  as 
the  setting  for  this  city's  "Bowl  of  Rice" 
party.  A  parade,  in  which  many  Ameri- 
can organizations  also  took  part,  started 
from  the  Civic  Center,  marched  down 
Market  street,  and  came  into  Grant  ave- 
nue, thus  ringing  the  bell  for  the  pageant 
which  lasted  from  the  evening  of  the 
17th  to  5  o'clock  the  next  morning. 

It  was  attended  by  no  less  than  200,000 
San  Franciscans. 

The  amount  collected  that  one  night 
was  well  over  $25,000,  the  quota  set  for 
this  city.  At  this  writing  the  amount  is 
over  $50,000  and  more  is  coming  in. 
Paul  Smith,  editor  of  the  San  Francisco 
Chronicle  and  general  chairman  of  this 
city's  "Bowl  of  Rice"  party,  made  his 
paper  the  official  headquarters  to  receive 
contributions  for  this  campaign. 
An  Exciting  Party 

And  what  a  pageant  this  was!  All 
Chinatown  has  come  to  agree  that  it  was 
the  most  magnificent,  heart-warming  and 
spontaneous  spectacle  ever  given  in  this 
90-year-old  Chinese  community. 

Chinatown  was  blockaded  for  the  event, 
with  no  vehicular  traffic  allowed,  and  en- 
try could  only  be  made  by  the  purchase 
of  "Humanity"  badges  at  fifty  cents 
each.  Chinatown  kept  open  house  all 
night  till  4  a.  m.,  with  restaurants,  tea- 
houses, family,  fraternal,  district  and  clan 
association  headquarters  ablaze  with 
lights  to  welcome  all  visitors.  Nine  of 
Chinatown's  streets  were  metamorphosed 
into  Shanghai  Bund,  Cathay  Road,  Can- 
ton Road,  Chung-shan  Road,  Soochow 
Road,  Szechuan  Road,  Nanking  Road, 


Bubbling  Well  Road,  and  Hankow  Road. 
The  program  of  events  included  native 
fashion  shows,  indoor  and  outdoor  danc- 
ing, Chinese  and  American  music,  Chi- 
nese Magistrate's  Court,  Chinese  and 
American  theatrical  acts,  an  air  raid  at 
midnight,  and  the  dragon  dance. 
Old  Chinatown  Revived 

From  its  humblest  laborer  to  its  biggest 
merchant  Chinatownians  put  away  their 
worldly  positions  and  personal  cares  for 
this  memorable  night.  In  order  to  attract 
a  large  attendance  and  thereby  obtain 
more  funds  which  eventually  will  feed 
thousands  of  starving  mouths  in  China, 
Chinatownians  provided  San  Franciscans 
with  a  colorful  pageantry  of  the  Chinese 
people  at  play,  and  re-created  something 
of  the  splendor  and  exotic  atmosphere  of 
old  Chinatown — the  Chinatown  that  Will 
Irwin  once  wrote  in  ecstatic  prose  and 
once  Arnold  Genthe  captured  in  treasured 
photographs.  They  did  it  with  all  the 
dramatic  imagination  and  the  skill  in 
make-believe  which  this  culturally  old 
people  know. 

The  shopkeepers  vied  with  each  other 
in  recreating  the  color  of  the  old  quarter, 
and  so  did  the  rest  of  the  community, 
men,  women  and  children.  Overnight 
shop  fronts  blazoned  with  red  and  orange 
rice  papers  on  which  were  brushed  native 
proverbs  and  patriotic  slogans.  Lanterns 
appeared  over  shop  fronts,  in  the  balconies 
of  teahouses  and  the  tong  quarters. 

But  most  outstanding  of  all  was  the 
people's  turnout  in  native  attire.  Many 
of  the  older  generation  who  have  adopted 
western  dress  blossomed  out  in  long 
gowns  of  varied  hues,  some  of  which 
hearken  back  to  the  early  republican  days. 
"Chang-saam  Ma-kwa"  —  long  gown 
topped  with  a  short  jacket — seemed  to 
be  the  order  for  the  night  as  far  as  the 
men  were  concerned,  and  in  some  cases 
the  children  also.  A  few  made  the  out- 
fit complete  with  walking  sticks  and  bam- 
boo pipes.  On  many  feet  were  native 
slippers,  while  all  sported  mandarin  caps, 
which  are  called  "beanies"  by  Chinatown 
because  of  their  resemblance  to  the 
American  caps  of  almost  the  same  style. 
Scores  of  the  American  born  generation 
also  went  "native,"  and  by  the  manner  in 
which  they  swaggered  one  could  see  they 
had  never  worn  Chinese  clothes  before. 

The  women,  of  course,  came  out  most- 
ly in  gaily  and  beautifully  embroidered 
gowns  of  resplendent  colors  and  in  the 
most  modern  style.   But  among  the  older 


ones  there  were  many  who  simply  wore 
blouses  and  trousers,  mode  of  the  com- 
mon people  in  China.  That  all  this  added 
to  the  color  of  the  occasion  is  to  state  the 
obvious.  The  result  of  it  all  was  to  make 
Chinatown  a  veritable  old  Chinese  city 
once  again,  aglow  with  the  riotous  colors 
of  the  East.  Again  one  could  have  said 
what  Kipling  said  in  the  1860's  when  he 
visited  Chiantown,  that  it  was  like  a 
"ward  of  Canton." 

On  Grant  avenue — or  was  it  Canton 
Road? — an  orchestra  played  the  languor- 
ous, sensuous  music  of  south  China  to  en- 
thralled audiences,  while  a  short  distance 
away  a  mock  Chinese  court  was  in  ses- 
sion. With  merchant  Lowe  Fat  Yuen  as 
magistrate,  the  court  fined  every  person  at 
will,  whether  for  not  wearing  a  "Hu- 
manity" badge,  or  for  talking  too  much. 
When  the  party  was  all  over  and  the 
sun  was  slowly  rising  over  the  roofs  of 
Chinatown,  the  court  was  still  in  session. 
This  was  the  most  amusing  and  popular 
item  in  the  night's  program. 

That  fabulous  animal — the  dragon — 
graced  the  "Bowl  of  Rice"  party,  and  ap- 
pearing at  1  a.  m.,  glided  and  whirled 
his  way  through  Grant  avenue,  to  the 
frenzied  delights  of  thousands  who  pa- 
tiently waited  hour  after  hour  on  the 
sidewalks  for  him  to  appear. 

Chinatown   Grateful 

And  when  it  was  all  over  Chinatown- 
ians did  not  pat  themselves  on  their  backs 
for  having  put  on  a  grand  pageant.  True, 
there  was  a  great  joy  in  their  hearts,  evi- 
dent on  every  face,  but  the  joy  from  a 
different  cause.  In  their  hearts  was  an 
overwhelming  sense  of  gratitude  at  the 
magnificent  and  whole-hearted  response 
from  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  San 
Franciscans  who  had  come  into  China- 
town to  participate  in  the  "Bowl  of  Rice" 
party.  Chinatownians  had  always  known 
the  sympathy  and  generosity  of  the 
American  people  toward  the  people  of 
(Continued  on   page   19) 

Scenes  of  the  gigantic  "Bowl  of  Rice"  party 
held  in  San  Francisco  Chinatown  the  night  of 
June  17.  1  is  the  dragon  dance;  2  is  the  big 
"rice  bowl"  into  which  more  than  a  thousand 
dollars  were  poured;  3  shows  the  60  Chinese 
girls  who  took  part  in  the  fashion  shows;  4 
is  the  mock  court  in  session,  with  the  magis- 
trate in  the  center;  5  is  the  lion  dance;  and 
number  6  shows  several  members  who  took 
part  in  the  parade.    (See  story  on  this  page.) 


VCr 


July,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   13 


(See  coption  on  opposite   page) 


Poge   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,   1938 


ROAMING    'ROUND 


H.  K.  Wong 


June  17  was  an  unforgettable  night  in 
the  memory  of  all  San  Franciscans,  for 
on  that  night  one  and  all  opened  their 
hearts  and  purses  to  help  fill  the  rice 
bowls  of  China,  and  in  so  doing,  enjoyed 
the  greatest  festival  ever  held  here  in 
Chinatown.  Never  has  San  Francisco 
seen  such  a  unique  party!  Never  have 
we  seen  such  a  tremendously  exuberant 
crowd.  It  jammed  and  filled  every  avail- 
able inch  of  the  streets.  It  took  hours  to 
go  from  one  end  of  Grant  avenue  to  the 
other.  They  came  to  see  the  magnificent 
parade,  to  thrill  at  the  glamorous  display 
of  Chinese  gowns  at  the  two  fashion 
shows,  to  laugh  and  give  heartily  at  the 
"Magistrate's  Court,"  to  enjoy  the  Chi- 
nese music  and  plays  on  the  stands  and 
at  the  theatres,  and  to  take  their  chances 
at  the  street  carnival.  The  huge  and  gor- 
geously illuminated  Dragon  danced  as  it 
never  danced  before.  It  writhed,  wriggled, 
and  twisted  to  the  appreciative  multi- 
tude who,  up  till  now,  had  only  seen  it 
walk  through  its  dance.  Chinatown  that 
night  was  magically  transformed  into  a 
romantic  spot  of  the  Far  East. 

San  Francisco  is  proud  of  the  unique 
success  of  her  Rice  Bowl  party.  Top 
credit  goes  to  Paul  C.  Smith  who  was 
chairman  of  the  committee,  and  to  each 
and  every  organization  which  so  partri- 
otically  assisted  and  served  on  the  var- 
ious committees.  ...  A  bit  of  Rice  Bowl 
party  sidelight.  ...  I  believe  the  Young 
Kee  Radio  Shop's  sound  man  had  the 
longest  shift  on  duty.  .  .  .  He  hooked 
up  his  public  address  system  at  the  "Mag- 
istrate's Court"  at  5  p.m.  Friday  after- 
noon and  was  on  continuous  duty  till  the 
Court   adjourned   on  Saturday   morning 


CHINA  EMPORIUM 

Exclusive  Chinese 

Art  Goods 

733  Grant  Ave.             Ph.  CHina  2285 

St     /'  i 

:,*IW  •*  'I'll  "■  *% 
■    'i  - 1  G3L  i  •  "i 

at  6  a.m.  .  .  .  Also  how  about  the  long 
hours  on  the  street?  Samuel  and  Andrew 
Sinn  stepped  out  of  their  house  at  10 
a.m.  Friday  morning,  stayed  and  wan- 
dered around  in  the  party  till  6  a.m.  Sat- 
urday and  when  some  of  the  fellows 
asked  them  to  lend  a  hand  at  taking 
down  the  banners,  they  pitched  in  and 
helped  till  noon.  .  .  .  Some  endurance 
eh.  .  .  ? 

A  certain  fellow  has  a  very  bad  habit 
— he  has  wandering  hands  when  in  a 
crowd  .  .  .  the  night  of  the  Rice  Bowl 
jam  on  Waverly  place,  he  reached  for  a 
certain  girl,  who  screamed,  gave  him  a 
baleful  look,  ground  her  sharp  heel  on 
his  toes,  kicked  him  in  the  shin,  and  as 
he  instinctively  bent  over  to  protect  him- 
helf,  smacked  him  one  on  the  point  of 
his  jaw  with  a  powerful  right  hand 
smash,  and  left  him  gasping  for  air  and 
spitting  blood  and  teeth.  .  .  .  He  picked 
on  the  wrong  girl  .  .  .  for  in  her  play- 
ing days,  she  was  known  as  the  fight- 
ingest  guard  in  Chinese  basketball  circles. 

Convening  Rotarians  had  a  special 
party  on  Waverly  place  to  .  .  .  they  ac- 
claimed 14-year-old  Donaldina  Lew,  who 
sang  for  them.  .  .  .  Her  pleasant  voice 
went  over  big  with  the  visitors.  Mrs. 
Henry  hum  (Elsie  Louis)  M.  C.-ed  the 
show  and  kept  the  crowd  in  a  continuous 
uproar  with  her  wisecracks.  .  .  .  The 
sponsors  of  the  California  Chinese  Ten- 
nis tournament  originally  scheduled  for 
June  have  decided  to  call  off  the  affair 
until  next  year  as  the  court  on  which  the 
tourney  was  scheduled  to  be  run  off  will 
not  be  ready  for  playing  until  the  end  of 
July.  Further  postponement  will  cause 
conflict  with  Chitena's  Blue  Ribbon  event, 
the  Pacific  Coast  championship  which  will 
commence  the  end  of  July.  It  is  regret- 
table that  it  had  to  be  called  off,  for  a 
large  field  has  entered  in  the  Class  "B" 
championship. 

The  girls  of  the  Lowa  auxiliary  are  a 
peppy  lot.  .  .  .  Recently  after  a  five-hour 
bicycling  party  at  Griffiths  park,  they  still 
had  energy  left  to  go  to  a  skating  party. 
And  that's  after  a  dance  the  nite  before 
too!!!  My,  my.  .  .  .  Their  2nd  annual 
dance  will  be  held  July  16  at  the  Royal 
Palms  hotel.  The  theme  of  this  dance 
will  be  a  "Trip  to  China"  with  music  for 
the  journey  by  Frank  Young.  Names  of 
various  Chinese  cities  will  appear  on  the 
program  to  designate  the  different  dances. 

The  official  opening  of  the  New  China- 
town on  North  Broadway  and  College 


street  in  Los  Angeles  was  a  gala  affair 
with  fireworks,  street  dancing,  art  exhi- 
bits, a  lion  dance,  Chinese  hostesses,  car- 
nival concessions,  and  general  open  house. 
One  fourth  of  the  complete  unit  has  been 
built  and  occupied,  and  is  of  Chinese 
architecture  and  color  scheme.  .  .  .  Peter 
Soo  Hoo,  one  of  the  executive  staff  in 
the  enterprise,  is  now  planning  for  living 
quarters,  recreation  grounds,  and  a  social 
center  where  all  the  Chinese  may  gather. 
Jehim  Wong,  Peter  Lee,  Al  Hing,  and 
Hamilton  Gee  are  some  of  the  young 
men  who  have  gone  into  business  in  the 
Chinese  city.  .  .  .  Members  of  the  Los 
Angeles  Chinese  Drama  league  rehearsed 
their  parts  faithfully  10  long  weeks  for 
the  play  "Yellow  Jacket"  which  played 
two  nites  to  capacity  houses  at  the  Wil- 
shire  Ebell  theatre.  ...  It  was  worth 
their  hard  work,  for  the  play  was  enthusi 
astically  received.  .  .  .  The  company  is 
planning  to  go  on  a  tour,  with  Santa 
Barbara  the  first  stop  and  a  three  weeks' 
stay  in  this  city.  .  .  .  Backstage  with  the 
company  and  found:  Lorraine  Lee,  Ada 
Wong,  and  Low  Hon  Lee  thrilled  at  the 
sight  of  their  names  on  the  dressing  room 
door.  .  .  .  Forest  Yee  couldn't  resist  the 
temptation  to  do  a  little  trucking  between 
scenes  in  his  thunder  costume.  .  .  . 
Spencer  Chan  walking  around  and  very 
efficiently  caring  for  the  props.  .  .  .  Ruth 
Wong,  her  face  wrinkled  and  haggard, 
frightened  her  hubby,  but  it  was  merely 
the  art  of  Jack  Young,  the  make-up  man 
from  M.  G.  M.  who  made  up  the  stars 
so  that  even  their  mothers  couldn't  recog- 
nize them.  .  .  .  After  the  last  perform- 
ance James  Lee  presented  all  the  girls  of 
the  cast  with  beautiful  bouquets.  .  .  . 
Victor  Young  and  Allan  Jung,  wearing 
leis  and  strumming  ukes,  are  back  from 
the  Islands,  looking  more  tanned  than 
ever.  .  .  .  Richard  Him  Wong  gradu- 
ated from  the  College  of  Osteopathic 
Physicians  and  Surgeons.  .  .  .  Dr.  Frank 
Y.  Lee  plans  to  open  a  modern  office  in 
L.  A.  Soon.  .  .  .  Tyrus  Wong  was  in 
charge  of  the  art  display  on  opening 
night  at  the  New  Chinatown.  .  .  .  Don 
Debock  was  a  one-man  reception  com- 
mittee when  the  visiting  Chitena  tennis 
team  arrived  at  L.  A.  Yes  sir,  with  open 
arms,  a  big  smile,  flowers  'n  everything 
.  .  .   for  one  of  the  ranking  girl  plavcrs. 

We  all  know  of  Keye  Luke  as  an  ex- 
cellent actor,  but  how  manv  of  von  know 
that  he  is  a  talented  and  accomplished 
artist  too?    He  has  an  art  exhibit  at  the 


v& 


, 


July,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poae   15 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

H.  K.  Wong    


Chouinard  School  of  Art  which  drew 
favorable  comment.  .  .  .  Lucille  Fong, 
daughter  of  George  Fong,  manager  of  the 
L.  A.  National  Dollar  store,  will  enter  U. 
C.  in  September.  The  China-Aid  Council 
of  L.  A.  will  sponsor  another  tag  day  on 
July  16.  Tags  will  be  sold  in  the  down- 
town areas  and  money  from  the  sales  will 
be  turned  over  to  Dr.  Thomas  A.  Wong 
to  purchase  medical  supplies  for  China. 
.  .  .  The  Chinese  Benevolent  society,  the 
Chinese  Language  schools,  and  Chinese 
clubs  and  church  groups  have  all  en- 
listed their  support  to  plan  for  a  solidarity 
parade  in  L.  A.  for  July.  .  .  . 

World  Champion  /.  Donald  Budge 
promised  to  give  next  door  neighbor 
Edgar  Quan  of  Oakland  one  of  his  ten- 
nis rackets  before  he  sailed  on  the  last 
Australian  tour.  On  his  return  the  matter 
slipped  his  mind  but  one  nite,  while  in 
Los  Angeles  on  a  visit,  he  recalled  his 
promise  and  immediately  long  distanced 
his  mother  in  Oakland  to  present  Edgar 

i    with    one   of   his    pet   personally    mono- 

',   gramed  15/4  oz.  rackets.  .  .  . 

Rose  Wong,  Florence  Chang,  and  Jen- 
nie Wong,  students  at  the  Academy  of 
Fashion  Design,  modeled  for  a  fashion 
show  at  the  Gold  ballroom  of  the 
Palace  hotel.  They  were  indeed  tres 
chic.  .  .  .  Ronald  Lee,  six-year-old 
son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  On  L.  Lee 
of  Berkeley,  looked  like  a  real  sol- 
dier in  his  snappy  military  costume  as 
he  made  his  debut  as  a  tap  dancer  recent- 
ly in  Oakland.  .  .  .  Jimmy  Chin,  Robert 
Chinn,  Henry  Horn,  Albert  Chinn,  May 
Wong,  Evelyn  Lee,  Catherine  Jang,  Ma- 
bel Lew,  Eva  Shew,  and  Dorothy  Lee, 
graduates  of  Watsonville  Hi,  celebrated 
their  graduation  with  a  dance  at  the 
Guild's  hall.  Among  the  highest  rank- 
ing students  in  that  school  are  May 
Wong,  Evelyn  Lee,  and  Dorothy  Lee. 
A  special  congratulation  to  the  latter  who 
fought  against  heavy  odds  while  in  the 
hospital,  but  passed  her  ex's  and  ranked 
sixth  in  scholastic  honors  in  the  entire 
school.  .  .  .  The  Watsonville  Chinese 
Boys'  club  held  its  annual  Fourth  of  July 
dance  at  the  Veteran's  Memorial  hall  on 
July  3  with  those  top  notch  music  makers^ 
the  Cathayans,  playing  for  them.  .  .  . 

Graduates  of  Bakersfield  high  school, 
Bill  Ko,  Katherine  Lee,  Leonard  Lewis, 
Bessie  Sue,  Clara  Toy,  Ella  Toy,  Delbert 
Wong,  and  Marie  Wong  spent  a  whole 
week  in  celebration  of  the  new  milestones 


Mono  went    ^  ttK^oHQr 
'  FboPoseo  Bx  Adoring  HmDeas  W*o  flRe 

BYH«s  RepoRToRiAL  Rcnuines. 


A 


in  their  lives.  Ella  Toy,  secretary  of  the 
senior  class  and  of  the  Hostess  club,  col- 
umnist of  the  school  weekly,  was  an  out- 
standing graduate.  She  was  one  of  the 
30  chosen  from  621  graduates  for  dis- 
tinguished service.  .  .  . 

George  Louie,  manager  of  the  Seattle 
Tennis  team,  has  been  in  Portland  to 
make  arrangements  for  an  inter-city  team 
match  with  the  Portland  Junior  Chinese 
association,  and  hopes  to  combine  both 
teams  to  make  a  good-will  tour  to 
California  sometime  this  summer.  .  .  . 
Among  the  many  out-of-town  visitors  to 
see  Portland's  Rose  festival  were  Beatrice 


Yip  and  Ruth  Jow  from  Vancouver,  B.  C. 
.  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs.  is  the  name  for  Her- 
bert Moe  and  Pearl  Lee  Sam.  It  hap- 
pened in  Seattle.  .  .  .  Elsie  Moe  of  Port- 
land announced  her  engagement  to  Ray- 
mond Chang  of  San  Fran  recently.  .  .  . 
The  Junior  Chinese  association  sponsored 
its  first  June  tennis  tournament.  .  .  . 

First  prize  for  the  most  attractive  win- 
dow display  goes  to  Bill  Lee  and  his  "Chi- 
nese Lantern  Cafe."  He  won  the  prize 
offered  by  the  Garret  Road  Business 
Men's  association  of  Philadelphia.  .  . 
To  raise  funds  for  the  purchase  of  fight- 
(Continued  on   page   18) 


v—    / 


Page   16 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


July,  1938 


CHINESE  PACIFIC 
COAST  TOURNAMENT 

San  Francisco — The  Third  Annual 
Chinese  Pacific  Coast  Tennis  tournament, 
sponsored  jointly  by  the  Chinese  Ameri- 
can Citizen  alliance  and  the  Chinese  Ten- 
nis club,  will  be  held  the  early  part  of 
August.  Due  to  the  fact  that  the  Chi- 
nese playground  is  under  construction  so 
that  there  will  be  night  courts,  no  defi- 
nite date  can  be  named.  There  will  be 
announcements  printed  and  entry  blanks 
sent  out  to  notify  entrants  at  the  earliest 
moment.  This  is  the  largest  Chinese 
Tennis  tournament  and  always  brings 
out  the  cream  of  the  crop  from  all  points 
of  the  compass. 

Speculation  has  already  run  high  as 
to  the  possibilities  of  the  winners  in  each 
event. 

In  men's  singles  there  are  Peter  Gee, 
of  Berkeley,  defending  champion  and 
winner  of  the  1938  Spring  tournament; 
Tahmie  Chinn,  winner  in  1936;  Ben  Chu, 
finalist  in  the  Spring  tournament;  An- 
drew Sang,  title  holder  of  a  mid-western 
state;  and  Arthur  Lum,  a  307  leader  and 
ranking  player  in  China.  Then  there's 
always  the  ambitious  youngster,  the  dark 
horse,  and  the  unknown  out-of-towner  to 
give  zest  to  the  competition. 

In  women's  singles  there's  Lucille  Jung, 
defender  of  the  crown.  The  long-awaited 
return  of  Erline  Lowe,  1936  champ,  will 
bring  back  a  strong  contender  to  the  fold. 
Among  others  are  Waite  Ng,  Spring 
tournament  winner;  Mamie  Sing  and  June 
Lau,  leading  netsters  of  L.  A.;  Emma 
Wong  of  Vallejo,  Henrietta  Jung,  Spring 
tournament  finalist,  March  Kong  of 
Richmond  and  numerous  others  as  well 
as  our  own  home  talent. 

It's  hard  to  judge  the  doubles,  both 
men's  and  mixed,  as  the  teams  themselves 
change  and  vary  and  there  are  always 
new  combinations  springing  up  like 
mushrooms. 

In  men's  doubles  it's  Ben  Chu  and 
Faye  Lowe  who  hold  three  titles,  two  in 
the  Pacific  Coast  and  the  last  Spring 
tournament,  or  Peter  and  Willie  Gee,  two 
times  runners-up. 

Ben  Chu  and  Waite  Ng  are  the  de- 
fending champs  in  the  mixed  doubles. 


CERTIFIED  (LEANE&S  &  DYE&S 

'When  the  Certified  Cleans  it  is  Clean' 
Phones  PRospect   1302  &   1303 


766  Post  St. 


San  Francisco 


SPORTS 

•  By   Davisson   Lee  and   Conrad    Fong- 


BOWLING 

San  Franacisco — Bowling  is  proving  to 
be  a  favorite  pastime.  In  this  game  of 
tenpins  the  Twin  Dragon  team  stands 
out.  They  entered  the  Summer  league 
sponsored  by  the  Loop  bowling  alley  and 
won  their  last  six  games.  It  was  a  mild 
upset  when  they  defeated  the  Loop  Tig- 
ers with  Tommy  "Postal"  Leong  and 
Myron  Chan  bowling  over  200. 

Those  who  alternate  for  the  first  five 
are:  Leon  Shew,  Myron  Chan,  Oats 
Mammon,  Tommy  "Postal"  Leong,  Tom- 
my Leong,  Wah  Lym,  Benny  Choye, 
Louie  Faye,  Dan  Lee,  Andy  Yuke,  and 
Joe  Chew. 


SPORT  SHORTS 


San  Francisco — The  Chinatown  Mer- 
chants have  entered  the  Recreation  Soft- 
ball league.    Said  league  opens  June  27. 


The  Donald  Debock  trophy  to  be  awarded 
for  the  July  tennis  play-off  between  the  Los 
Angeles  and  San  Francisco  net  players. 


Headquarters  is  at  Hall's  Sport  shop, 
876  Sacramento  street. 


CHINATOWN  MERCHANTS 
SOFTBALL  SCHEDULE 

Margaret  Hayward  Class  B  League 
June  30 — 7:45  p.m. — Geo.  H.  Caseys 
July  8—6:30  p.m.— S.  P.  Shop 
July  19 — 7:45  p.m. — Pollach  Printing 
July  26—9:00  p.m.— Mantle  club 
August  4 — 9:00  p.m. — Columbia  Steel 

o 

CHITENA  WINS 

San  Francisco — The  invading  Chiten- 
ans  defeated  the  Los  Angeles  tennis  team 
14  to  7  in  their  traditional  match.  This 
is  the  third  time  in  as  many  years  that 
the  San  Francisco  team  has  proved  them- 
selves superior,  but  in  doing  so  they 
found  that  the  Los  Angeles  team  is 
rounding  out  and  has  a  better  balanced 
team  than  before.  This  is  the  beginning 
of  a  keen,  good-natured  rivalry  that  is 
really  getting  to  be  the  "Big  Game" 
match  of  the  year. 

The  longest  and  closest  match  was  be- 
tween Tommy  Leong,  S.  F.,  and  Jack 
Lee,  L.  A.  They  played  over  two  sttaight 
hours  with  Leong  eventually  winning  in 
three  sets. 


San  Francisco — Chitena's  second  team 
hung  up  two  straight  victories.  On  June 
12  they  traveled  to  Oakland  and  defeated 
them  7  matches  to  2.  The  following  Sun- 
day, June  19,  they  repeated  again  by 
downing  a  combination  team  of  Monte- 
rey and  Salinas  by  the  score  of  1 1  to  4. 


SOFTBALL 

Los  Angeles — The  Federation  of  Chi- 
nese clubs  is  sponsoring  a  Softball  league. 
The  six  teams  that  have  entered  are 
namely:  Lowa,  Football  Team,  Nam  Q, 
Wah  Q,  Poly-Jeff,  and  Independents. 
The  opening  date  is  slated  for  June  9 
and  the  last  games  are  to  be  played  July 
24. 


TENNIS 

Los  Angeles — An  open  Memorial  Ten- 
nis tournament  will  be  managed  by  the 
Chinese  Tennis  club.  The  date  will  be 
announced  later.  A  photo  of  the  Ives 
E.  Cobb  Memorial  trophy  will  be  found 
elsewhere  in  this  section. 


BOWLING 

San  Francisco  —  William  Wong, 
"Smoky  Joe"  to  his  friends,  will  soon  be 
opening  his  new  bowling  place,  located  at 
639  California.  It  has  three  alleys,  a  bar. 
and  all  modern  conveniences. 


■~SV!$'' 


•) 


July,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   17 


CHINATOWNIA 


1938  LAKE  TAHOE 
CHINESE  CONFERENCE 

With  the  1938  theme  as  "Christianity 
and  China's  Crisis"  the  Chinese  youth  of 
the  Western  states  will  convene  at  Zephyr 
Point,  Nevada,  for  their  annual  confer- 
ence from  August  7  to  14.  President 
Edward  Lee  of  Berkeley,  Calif.,  has  an- 
nounced the  faculty  members  and  officers 
for  this  year's  assembly.  "In  view  of  the 
present  crisis  in  China  the  young  people 
will  devote  a  week  of  study  and  worship 
in  the  hope  of  finding  an  answer  to 
China's  problems  in  Christianity."  Mr. 
Lee  stated. 

The  faculty  as  selected  up  to  the  time 
of  publication  consists  of  President  Tully 
C.  Knoles  of  the  College  of  the  Pacific, 
Dr.  George  H.  Colliver,  professor  of  Phi- 
losophy at  the  College  of  the  Pacific,  Mr. 
Chingwah  Lee,  publisher  of  the  Chinese 
Digest,  and  Mr.  Lawton  D.  Harris,  ex- 
ecutive secretary  of  the  East  Bay  Church 
Federation. 

The  officers  and  regional  leaders  of 
the  1938  conference  are  as  follows:  David 
Louie  and  Albert  Park  Li,  vice  presidents 
for  Northern  and  Southern  California, 
respectively;  L.  David  Lee,  registrar; 
Dorothy  Fong,  secretary-treasurer;  Elsie 
Won,  social  chairman;  Allyn  Lee,  chair- 
man of  discussions;  Helen  Chan,  in 
charge  of  housing  and  transportation. 
The  district  directors  are  as  follows:  Hel- 
en Chan,  San  Francisco;  Roland  Got,  Los 
Angeles;  Charles  Fong,  Sacramento;  Mil- 
dred Jann,  Stockton;  Floyd  Sam  and 
Henry  Ching,  Fresno;  Stephen  Lee,  Wat- 
sonville;  K.  T.  Wong,  San  Diego;  May 
Tom,  Arizona;  P.  Q.  Ching,  Hawaii. 

The  Lake  Tahoe  Conference  was 
started  by  the  Christian  young  people  of 
(Continued  on   page   19) 


Get  Your 


NEXT  SUIT 


at 


Market  at  Stockton 

Henry  Shue  Tom 

Chinese 

Salesman  and  Representative 

Fourth  Floor 


The  traffic  squads  of  all  the  schools  of  San  Francisco  and  vicinity  marched  on  their  12th 
Annual  review,  which  was  sponsored  by  the  California  Automobile  association.  Ribbons  were 
presented  by  Police  Chief  William  J.  Quinn.  Nam  Kue  academy  won  the  first  prize  in  march- 
ing and  was  sixth  in  efficiency. 


Due  to  a  large  demand  for  CHINESE  TALENT 
Classes  are  NOW  being  formed  at  the 

FANCHON  and  MARCO 

DANCING— SINGING— DRAMATICS— RADIO 


SCHOOL  OF 
THE  THEATRE 


By  Special  Arrangement   Lessons  Will  Cost   From   95   cents   up 
This  offer  open  for  a  limited  time  only!!! 


Fonchon   and   Marco 
25    Fulton    St. 
UNderhill   2110 


or  Phone  CHina  2400 

Chingwah    Lee 

6:00-7:00  P.  M. 


Poge   18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


"YELLOW  JACKET" 
WELL  PLAYED 

By  Bernice  Louie 

Los  Angeles — For  the  first  time  in  the 
United  States  an  all-Chinese  cast  pre- 
sented the  Hazelton  and  Berimo  Chinese 
satire,  the  "Yellow  Jacket."  Playing  two 
nights  to  capacity  houses  at  the  Wilshire 
Ebell  theatre  June  3  and  4,  it  was  en- 
thusiastically received.  The  players  were 
members  of  the  Chinese  Drama  League 
and  had  spent  ten  weeks  of  strenuous  re- 
hearsing. Now  that  the  League  has  found 
the  play  well  received,  members  are  plan- 
ning to  present  it  on  a  tour,  spending  two 
weeks  in  San  Francisco  and  three  days 
in  Santa  Barbara,  the  latter  part  of  July. 

The  leading  parts  were  taken  by  Ro- 
land Got,  who  played  Wu  Hoo  Git,  and 
charmed  the  audience  with  his  smooth 
acting.  Bessie  Loo  as  Plum  Blossom,  the 
heroine,  was  demure  and  gracious — 
sweet  is  the  word  for  Bessie.  Honorable 
Wu  as  Daffodil  intrigued  with  his  beau- 
tiful costumes  and  distinctive  acting.  The 
first  wife,  played  by  Miss  Soo  Yong, 
caused  tears  to  flow  from  many  eyes. 
Richard  Loo  as  the  governor  and  James 
Zee-Min  Lee  as  the  commentator  both 
gave  impressive  performances. 

The  presentation  of  this  play  revealed 
some  new  talents  among  Chinese  aspir- 
ants to  the  stage  and  screen.  Graceful, 
willowy  and  attractive  was  Mary  Young, 
as  Chow  Wan,  the  Flower  Girl.  Richard 
Jen  Lowe  essayed  two  parts — as  Tai  Fah 
Min  and  Yin  Suey  Gong  the  monkey — 
and  gave  splendid  performances.  Ruth 
Kim  Wong  delighted  with  her  stern  and 
pious  characterization  of  the  Widow 
Ching,  while  Forrest  Yee  as  the  God  of 
Thunder  showed  himself  a  seasoned 
player — his  thunder   dance   was   particu- 


larly well  executed.  Jehim  F.  Wong  was 
most  amusing  as  the  indignant  father  of 
the  heroine,  and  Kam  Chan  as  the  Phi- 
losopher carried  the  part  with  ease  and 
poise.  Other  players  who  should  be  men- 
tioned are  Miss  Billie  Wong  as  Tso  the 
cunning  maid;  Beal  Wong  as  the  farmer; 
Lloyd  Wong  as  the  spider  and  assistant 
property  man;  Iris  Wong  as  the  second 
wife;  and  Grace  Lem  as  Suey  Sin  Fah. 

Proceeds  from  this  play  are  to  go  to 
the  Chinese  refugee  relief  through  the 
following  agencies:  International  Medi- 
cal Relief  Society  in  Hong  Kong,  the 
Hong  Kong  Chinese  Women  Relief  As- 
sociation in  Canton,  and  the  Canton  In- 
ternational Red  Cross  Society.  The  play 
was  directed  by  Miss  Soo  Yong  and  pro- 
duced by  James  Zee-Min  Lee. 


ROAMING  'ROUND 

(Continued  from  page  15) 

ing  planes  to  protect  Canton,  the  Chinese 
Patriotic  league  of  the  same  city  will 
assess  $10  from  everyone.  For  such  a 
cause  no  one  will  complain.  .  .  .  New 
Yorker  Calvin  Chan  after  one  month's 
stay  in  this  city,  has  wandered  over  to 
Detroit  with  California  his  next  stop. 
.  .  .  Proud  parents  of  a  baby  girl  are  the 
Yuen  Chu's  (Mae  Jung).  She  is  their 
first-born.  .  .  .  Marion  Lee  of  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  week-ended  with  the  Chungs. 
.  .  .  Recent  graduates  are  Peggy  Chung, 
Wanamaker  Institute  of  Home  Econom- 
ics, Pauline  Kwan  and  Tai  Jin  Mei,  Cro- 
zer  Theological  seminary,  and  Leroy 
Young,  U.  of  P.  Medical  college.  Young 
will  intern  at  the  Pennsylvania  hospital. 
.  .  .  Recently  returned  from  Canton, 
China  are  Russell  Young,  freshman,  and 


The  Chinese  Drama 

Fully  explained  by  a  student  of  the  Chinese  Stage,  together  with 
exposition  of  the  symbolism,  history,  and  background  of  the  Chinese 
Theater. 


CHINESE  TRADE  AND  TRAVEL  BUREAU 


DAVID  K.  CHIN  in  charge 


CHina  0862  or  2400 


Herbert  Yick,  graduate  of  the  Central 
high  school.  They  spoke  before  the 
Alumni  association  on  the  effects  of  the 
Japanese  invasion  on  Chinese  life.  .  .  . 

Stocktonians  are  so  proud  of  their  new 
cocktail  lounge,  the  Jade  Pagoda  which 
opened  recently,  that  they  wrote  in,  "Visit 
our  cocktail  lounge  and  then  remodel 
yours."  Quite  a  challenge,  but  the  place 
is  really  very  attractive  and  is  finished  in 
all  Chinese  designs.  Hong  Kim  Seung  is 
the  manager.  .  .  .  Former  friends  of 
Mrs.  Lily  Wing  of  Red  Bluff  were  hap- 
py that  she  came  back  to  Stockton,  her 
hometown,  for  a  visit.  Swimming  and 
tennis  added  to  the  pleasure  of  her  vaca- 
tion. .  .  .  Studying  to  be  a  radio  techni- 
cian is  Joseph  Pong,  former  manager  of 
the  Public  Market  of  Modesto.  .  .  .  One 
hundred  twenty  young  folks  attended  the 
Stockton  Chinese  association  picnic  at 
Hogran  dam  and  Jenny  Lind  Big  Rock. 
Swimming  and  outdoor  games  in  the  hot 
sun  caused  many  of  them  to  come  home 
with  thick  coats  of  tan,  and  some  com- 
plained of  sunburn  the  rest  of  the  day. 

Sally  Sinn  is  pining  for  her  many 
friends  in  the  East.  She  is  up  in  the 
Pacific  Northwest  with  the  Sinn  Family 
troupe.  They  will  play  in  Washington 
after  a  year's  tour  of  the  southern  and 
mid-western  states.  .  .  .  Prances  Len  , 
majored  in  sociology  and  graduated  from 
the  U.  of  Washington  where  Clifton 
Goon,  freshman  in  pharmacy,  was  ini- 
tiated into  Purple  Shield,  underclassmen's 
scholastic  honorary  organization.  .  .  . 
Lester  Chin  has  just  recovered  from  his 
recent  illness;  and  a  cheerio  to  Mollie 
Locke,  our  CD  correspondent  in  Seattle 
who  has  just  recovered  from  an  illness  of 
nine  months. 

Tucson's  Fourth  of  July  Benefit  picnic 
was  held  at  Wetmore's  pool.  All  refresh- 
ments,  contributed  by  the  town's  whole- 
sale stores,  have  to  be  bought  on  the 
Tang  are  on  their  annual  summer  vaca- 
ground.  .  .  .  Tommy  Tom  and  Djic 
tion  and  are  visiting  the  big  cities  of  the 
coast.  .  .  .  Henry  Lee.  who  has  been 
working  in  Tucson,  is  back  in  town  for  a 
well-earned  rest.  .  .  .  Planning  for  a 
California  vacation  are  May,  Johnny,  and 
C.  Y.  Tom.  .  .  .  Phoenix's  Willie  Ong 
is  now  a  Tucsonite.  .  .  .  Partners  in  a 
growing  new  grocery  store  are  Joe  Tang 
and  Larry  Lee,  formerly  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. .  .  . 


July,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  19 


S.  F.  CHINATOWN'S  "BOWL 
OF  RICE"  PAGEANT 

(Continued  from  page  12) 

China.  But  whereas  before  they  had 
only  read  or  been  told  of  it,  on  the 
night  of  June  17  they  saw  it — saw  it  in 
the  faces  of  200,000  Americans  as  they 
milled  into  Chinatown,  as  they  vied  in 
purchasing  "Humanity"  badges,  and  as 
they  literally  poured  money  into  rice 
bowls  placed  everywhere  for  that  pur- 
pose. The  cause  of  this  active  sympathy 
was  very  pithily  expressed  in  four  Chi- 
nese characters  written  on  a  strip  of  rice 
paper  pasted  in  front  of  a  store  which 
read:  "America  Believes  in  Righteous- 
ness." William  Hoy. 


LAKE  TAHOE  CONFERENCE 

(Continued  on  page  17) 
San  Francisco  six  years  ago,  and  crossed 
the  state  boundaries  of  California  when 
the  territory  of  Hawaii  and  the  state  of 
Arizona  were  represented  last  year.  This 
year's  conference  is  making  a  bid  to  the 
Pacific  Northwest.  For  details  and  in- 
formation write  Registrar  L.  David  Lee, 
1129  69th  Ave.,  Oakland,  Calif. 


FOR  STAGE  AND  SCREEN 

(Continued  from  page  7) 
whelming  number  of  calls  for  talent  re- 
ceived    by     the     Fanchon     and     Marco 
Agency. 

Helene  Hughes,  assisted  by  Carlos 
Romero  formerly  affiliated  with  Para- 
mount studios,  and  now  producer  at  the 
Paramount  theatre  in  Los  Angeles,  is 
producing  a  huge  show  at  the  Civic  audi- 
torium on  June   29,   for  the  Kiwanians 


convention. 


ART  AND  CULTURE 

(Continued  from  page  10) 
vessel  being  first  glazed  on  the  inside  and 
fired,  the  outer  biscuit  was  then  pared 
down  to  almost  nothing  with  a  lathe,  after 
which  the  outside  was  glazed  and  fired. 
Then  it  was  painted  with  enamels  and 
fixed  in  a  muffle  kiln. 

Copyrighted   1938,  by  Chingwah   Lee. 

This  is  No.  26  of  a  series  of  articles 
on  Ceramic  Art  which  appear  in  these 
columns  now  and  then. 


An  aged  and  highly  respected  merchant 
from  Colusa,  Tom  Ka  Wai,  died  in  the 
San  Francisco  Chinese  hospital  recently. 


He  was  a  partner  of  Quong  Due  Lee 
Company,  a  firm  which  has  been  in  Colusa 
for  not  less  than  half  a  century. 


Serve 
BELFAST 


BEVERAGES 


at    your   next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW  CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

820  Pacific  Ave.       DOuglas  0547 
San  Francisco,  California 


Today  as  Always 


.  .  .  Golden  State  dairy  products  are  the  finest  it  is  possible  to  pro- 
duce. You'll  find  them  always  fresh,  pure,  rich,  and  delicious.  For 
more  than  30  years,  Golden  State  has  set  the  standard  of  quality  for 
dairy  products  in  California. 

You  can  depend  on  the  unvarying  goodness  of  Golden  State  milk, 
cream,  butter,  ice  cream,  cottage  cheese,  and  evaporated  milk.  At 
your  grocer's,  or  delivered  to  your  home. 


DAIRY 


PRODUCTS 


Page  20 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


July,  1938 


—  n 


hi 


LAKESIDE  HOTEL 

(and  Newly  Built  Annex) 
138  E.  12th  St.,  OAKLAND 

Two  garages — free  parking  for 
guests.  Just  a  block  from  Lake 
Merritt  and  conveniently  located 
for  those  traveling  from  Los  An- 
geles and  cities  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. Reasonable  Rates,  Rooms 
with  Baths  or  Showers. 


FONG  WAN 

23rd  YEAR   IN   OAKLAND 

During"  rain  and  shine  for  the  past  22  years.  Fong-  Wan  has  al- 
ways been  on  duty  during  office  hours.  Approximately  36,000  patrons 
have  received   his  personal   attention. 

Fong  Wan  has  opened  no  branch  offices  because  lie  believes 
that  it  would  not  be  fair  to  his  patrons  to  be  treated  by  employed 
herbalists.  His  success  in  the  herb  business  is  unparalleled.  He  is 
neither  too  young  nor  too  old.  He  has  never  been  sick  or  absent  from 
the  office  for  even  a  day.  As  his  numerous  invoices  will  show,  since 
1924  all  his  herbs  have  been  imported  direct  from  China.  His  prices 
for  herbs  are  both  moderate  and  uniform.  Being  well  educated  in 
English,  Fong  Wan  conducts  this  business  without  the  aid  of  in- 
terpreters. 


417-425  Tenth  Street,  Oakland 
Cocktail   Lounge;  Banquet  and  Doncing   Hall;  Chinese,  American  and    Sco    Foods.     Largest    Chinese    Cote    on    the    Coost.     Floor    Shows 
Friday   Evenings   at   8:30,    10:00,   and    11:30;   Saturday   ot  9:30,    11:30,   and    12:30  P.   M.;  and   Sunday   at   8:00,   9:30,   and    11:30   P.    M, 

No  Cover  Charge.      Lunch,  Dinner,  and  Evening  Parties. 


./»«&■       '■"■ 


Vol.  IV,  No.  VIII 


MUST 
1933 

10c 

See  page  3) 


Page  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1938 


THE  CHINESE   DIGEST 

Vol.  4,  No.  8  August,  1938 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San  Francisco,  California   iCHina  2400) 

WILLIAM   HOY,   Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For   reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE   Associate  Editor 

LIM   P    LEE  Sociological   Data 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

DAVISSON     LEE     Sports 

CORRESPONDENTS   and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersf ield    Mamie   Lee 

Chicago    Beatrice   Moy 

Fresno    Allen    Lew 

Hollywood   Frank  Tang 

Los  Angeles    Bernice   Louie 

Marysville    Virginia   Wah 

New  York   Bing   Chan,  Sophia   Chu 

Philadelphia    Henry  C.  Jung 

Portland    Edgar    Lee 

Son  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seattle,  Wash   Mollie  Locke,  May  Sing 

Stockton  Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,   Arizona   May  Tom 

For  subscription   and   advertising   rates  call   CHina   2400 

FOUNDERS   and  PUBLISHERS 

THOMAS   W.    CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data,  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress,  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

The  Chinatown  Crier 2 

Monthly  Review  of  War 4 

Chinatown's  Labor  Problems 6 

Chinatowns  in  U.  S 7 

Did  You  Know  That,  Jade  Box 8 

Instant  Action  Needed 10 

Roaming  'Round 14 

Sports    16 

PICTURES 

Chinese  Catholic  Altar 7 

Chinese  Health  Center   8 

Altar  of  Hou  Wang  Miao 11 

Dedication  of  Chinatown   13 

Cartoon  "It  Won't  Be  Long" 15 

Choy  Kin  Hing 17 

Map  of  War  Zone 19 


*7Ue  Qlu^vatoHAMt  G>UeSi 


"SHINE,  MISTER?" 

Nowadays  when  you  walk  from  one 
end  of  Grant  avenue  to  the  other,  if 
you  are  the  least  bit  obliging,  you  end  up 
by  buying  24  shoeshines  and  a  dozen  each 
of  bags  of  candies,  pillbox  hats,  pairs  of 
chopsticks,  pamphlets,  magazines  (no  Chi- 
nese Digest  is  ever  authorized  to  be  sold 
on  the  streets  within  Chinatown) ,  second- 
hand buttons,  toy  Buddhas,  and  bouton- 
nieres. 

So  far  as  letting  youngsters  earn  a  little 
peanut  money  is  concerned,  this  is  all 
right  with  yours  truly.  It  is  good  training 
for  many  when  later  they  have  to  live  in 
this  hard-boiled  competitive  world  of  ours. 
Personally,  when  I  want  to  get  from  one 
end  of  Chinatown  to  the  other  in  a  hurry 
I  walk  a  block  down  Jackson  street,  wait 
half  an  hour  for  one  of  those  suDer-service 
street  cars,  climb  in,  am  given  a  dirty  look 
for  counting  out  the  last  two  pennies  with 
extreme  reluctance,  ride  the  four  blocks 
to   California,   puff  up   the  hill  back   to 


Grant  avenue,  and  lo!  I've  reached  the 
other  end  away  ahead  of  schedule! 

The  trouble  is  that  by  having  these  kid- 
dies blockade  all  corners  they  are  giving 
our  long-recessioned  merchants  a  head- 
ache. People  no  longer  feel  relaxed  when 
they  stroll  through  Chinatown  —  and 
many  come  here  for  just  that  purpose. 
They  have  to  be  on  guard  against  acci- 
dentally stepping  upon  half  a  dozen  bat- 
talions of  these  voracious  super-sales  kid- 
dies and  of  offending  the  rest.  Already 
laden  with  enough  souvenirs  to  supply  a 
Legionnaire  convention,  they  find  it  need- 
less to  enter  any  shops. 

It  may  be  well  for  us  to  limit  the  urchins 
to  selling  things  which  will  not  compete 
with  the  bazaars.  Even  with  the  shoe 
shinners  it  may  be  well  for  some  such 
non-commercial,  non-religious  organiza- 
tion as  the  Junior  chamber  of  commerce 
to  sponsor  them.  Such  an  organization 
will  see  to  it  that  only  needy  and  deserv- 
ing boys  be  given  a  chance  to  work.   And 


they  will  be  given  thorough  training  in 
good  manners  beforehand.  Lest  we  be 
considered  unfair  to  little  girls,  who  also 
want  to  earn  enough  money  to  see  Clarky 
Gable  kiss  Roberta  Taylor,  they  might 
be  authorized  to  sell  flowers  or  pub- 
licity pamphlets.  They  shall  be  daintily 
dressed  in  native  costumes — and  prefer- 
ence shall  be  given  those  who  can  match 
those  costumes  with  a  broad  smile. 


THE  PASSING  OF 
CHIN  LAIN 

The  passing  of  Chin  Lain  marks  the 
end  of  an  era  among  the  Chinese  here. 
In  the  early  pioneering  days  when  power 
was  purchased  often  at  great  peril  to 
personal  safety,  Mr.  Chin  Lain  rose  to 
serve  as  head  of  such  powerful  organiza- 
tions as  the  Chan  Family  association,  the 
Suey  Sing,  the  China  Mail,  the  Nine: 
Yung  Benevolent  association,  and  the 
Ning  Kui  Kung  Wui.  At  the  time  of  his 
passing  he  was  the  controlling  partner  of 
the  Hang  Far  Low,  the  Mandarin  thea- 
ter, the  Chinese  World,  and  numerous 
other   commercial   enterprises. 

A  figure  whose  power  extended  to 
Chinatowns  across  the  continent.  Chin 
Lain  was  a  man  of  exceedingly   simple 


■**& 


August,  1938 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  3 


THE    CHINATOWN     CRIER 


Editorial- 


habits.  His  office  at  the  back  of  Hang 
Far  Low  is  no  larger  than  a  closet,  with 
simple,  well-worn  furniture.  This  partly 
explains  his  stamina  and  powerful  phys- 
ique. Two  years  ago,  at  the  age  of  67, 
he  single-handedly  overcame  three  Fili- 
pinos who  tried  to  waylay  him  on  his  way 
home,  sending  two  of  them  to  the  hos- 
pital. 

Loyalty  to  friends  and  associates 
marked  one  of  his  strongest  traits.  This 
was  best  evidenced  by  his  funeral  on  July 
24.  He  had  wanted  a  simple  funeral, 
asking  that  his  friends  contribute  money 
to  the  refugee  fund — yet  it  turned  out  to 
be  the  best-attended  funeral  in  Chinatown 
in  recent  years.  The  walking  procession 
at  two  abreast  was  more  than  four  blocks 
long,  followed  by  222  automobiles,  inter- 
spaced with  several  bands  and  a  Chinese 
orchestra,  and  a  troupe  of  actors  in  sym- 
bolic roles. 

He  is  survived  by  his  sons  Bo  Kay  and 
Myron;  two  daughters-in-law  Eva  and 
Pearl;  two  daughters,  Clara  and  Frances; 
and  a  grandson,  Nathan.  Chin  Lain  will 
linger  long  in  the  memories  of  the  living. 

AN  EXAMPLE  OF 
NEEDED  INITIATIVE 

The  new  gift-stands  at  the  corners  of 
Washington  and  of  Clay  along  Grant  ave- 
nue should  be  an  incentive  to  those  who 
are  always  waiting  for  a  "break"  and  an 
answer  to  those  who  cry  that  there  are  no 
jobs  for  any  but  those  who  have  "pull." 

For  years  these  stands  have  stood  with 
ugly  "To-Let  Cheap"  signs  waiting  for 
prospects.  Apparently  no  one  had  ever 
thought  that  they  could  be  anything  but 
fruit-stands  which  are  already  too  num- 
erous to  be  profitable.  Now  come  the 
Jung  boys  who,  with  a  stroke  of  imagina- 
tion and  plenty  of  home-planned  carpen- 
try have  turned  them  into  highly  profit- 
able stands  for  the  sale  of  attractively 
displayed  souvenirs  and  daintilly  wrapped 
Chinese  sweets.  They  have  added  a  gen- 
uine touch  of  color  to  otherwise  drab 
corners. 

The  sad  part  about  all  unique  lone  ven- 
tures is  that  if  a  thing  is  successful  it  is 
immediately  followed  by  a  host  of  imi- 
tators. One  has  but  to  recall  the  swamp- 
ing of  the  noodle-making  or  the  truck 
manufacturing  industries  in  Chinatown 
to  realize  that  when  these  imitators  flooded 
the  field  they  inevitably  dragged  prices 
down  to  a  level  where  no  one  can  make 
a  living  in  that  line,  thereby  harming 
everyone  concerned.    The   experience  of 


the  Chinese  Trade  and  Travel  Bureau  is 
that  a  considerable  part  of  its  energy  and 
profit  were  spent  in  forestalling  needless 
inefficient  competition. 

It  is  with  the  above  thought  in  mind 
that  we  publsh  in  this  issue  a  cartoon  on 
the  cocktail  industry.  Of  course,  where  a 
field  is  already  somewhat  crowded  the 
next  alternative  is  to  form  an  organiza- 
tion— yes,  even  among  competitors — to 
forestall  further  increase,  to  have  joint 
publicity,  to  guard  against  price-cutting, 
and  to  exchange  information  for  mutual 
improvement. 

o 

NO  OLYMPICS 
FOR  JAPAN 

In  forsaking  the  Olympic  games,  Japan 
admits  of  several  serious  predicaments. 
First  of  all  she  is  aware  that  since  so  many 
notables  of  the  athletic  world  from  so 
many  countries  will  boycott  the  Olympics 
in  Japan  it  will  only  advertise  in  the  most 
possible  flagrant  manner  the  resentment  of 
the  civilized  world. 

She  concedes  that  the  war  may  last  till 
1940 — a  compliment  to  the  spirit  of  the 
Chinese  people  and  a  retraction  from  the 
belief  that  the  army  of  Japan  is  invinci- 
ble. The  dream  of  taking  China  with  a 
three  months'  excursion  is  turning  out  to 
be  a  three  year's  nightmare. 

She  admits  that  she  cannot  afford  even 
the  small  sum  necessary  to  entertain  the 
delegates  to  the  Olympics  and  to  build  the 
steel  structures  necessary  for  the  great 
meet.  Spending  five  million  dollars  a  day 
for  365  days  a  year  is  no  holiday  for  a 
prosperous  nation — and  Japan  was  far 
from  that  even  at  the  beginning  of  the 
ruthless  invasion. 

The  sad  part  about  the  expenditure  by 
the  War  council  is  that  the  properties  de- 
stroyed in  China  are  generally  not  worth 
the  cost  of  the  ammunition.  Tons  of  ex- 
plosives are  necessary  to  tear  up  a  rail- 
road station  not  worth  the  cost  of  a  single 
bomb.  True,  explosives  take  lives  as  well 
as  property.  But  the  Chinese  defenders 
are  selling  their  lives  dearly.  Instead  of  a 
ten  to  one  death  ratio,  as  was  believed  at 
the  beginning,  it  has  proved  to  be  a  three 


to  one  proposition,  and  it  is  approaching 
a  one  to  one  exchange. 

It  will  further  be  acknowledged  that 
destruction  of  strategic  points  means 
further  encroachment  into  Chinese  terri- 
tory. But  penetration  results  in  further 
extension  of  the  battle  line  over  a  hostile 
area,  exposing  more  soldiers,  equipment, 
food,  and  ammunition  to  devasting  at- 
tacks by  mobile  guerrilla  units. 


NEWS  FROM 
CANTON 

Canton,  home  of  many  Chinatownians, 
is  fiery  of  spirit  despite  countless  bomb- 
ing aimed  at  crippling  the  Canton-Han- 
kow railroad  as  well  as  reducing  the  peo- 
ple to  submissiveness. 

A  letter  by  Edward  Lockwood,  well- 
known  American  social  worker,  describes 
the  bombing  vividly:  "Until  recently 
bombs  have  for  the  most  part  been 
dropped  on  the  railway  lines  or  on  fac- 
tories. But  recently  bombs  have  been  fre- 
quently dropped  in  crowded  sections  of 
the  city,  causing  much  loss  of  life. 

"For  many  of  them  a  wound,  which 
makes  it  impossible  for  them  to  make 
a  living,  may  be  even  worse  than  death. 
In  the  Canton  hospital,  a  man  groans,  not 
because  of  the  pain  which  has  come  with 
the  amputation  of  his  leg,  but  because 
as  he  tells  us,  he  has  six  children,  the 
oldest  of  whom  is  ten,  all  of  whom  will 
not  eat  unless  he  can  carry  on  his  work 
of  selling  fruits  along  the  streets. 

"In  the  ward  for  women  and  children 
is  a  child  four  months  old,  its  foot  part- 
ly shot  off  by  a  piece  of  a  bomb  which 
went  through  the  mother's  body  while 
she  was  nursing  the  baby.  The  child  lives, 
the  mother  died.  A  bomb  exploded  in 
front  of  the  Red  Cross  Headquarters, 
scattering  bodies  of  more  than  a  hundred 
people,  Red  Cross  workers  included. 
The  unbearable  odor  of  torn  bodies  re- 
mains for  weeks." 

Repeated   bombing   failed   to   dampen 

the  ardor  with  which  Mr.  Lee  Luchao, 

director  of  the  Canton-Hankow  railroad, 

defended  this  important  link  which  sup- 

(Continued  on  page  18) 


THE    COVER    PICTURE 

One  of  the  few  members  of  the  younger  set  who  combine  charm  and  popularity 
in  one  person  is  Daisy  Ng,  sister  of  the  well-known  artist  Fred  Eng.  Daisy  was 
snapped  at  the  studio  of  the  Chinese  Digest  by  Wallace  Fong  while  she  was 
examining  a  piece  of  century-old  woodcarving  which  once  graced  the  altar  of 
the  Chung  Yee  Tong,  preparatory  to  writing  a  composition  for  her  class  in  English. 


■4  r 


Poge  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1938 


FAR     EAST 


Pat  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


ONE  YEAR  OF  THE  UNDE- 
CLARED SINO-JAPANESE  WAR 

(See  map  on  back) 
The  month  of  July  marks  the  end  of 
the  first  year  of  the  undeclared  war  be- 
tween China  and  Japan.  In  appraising  the 
results  at  this  stage  of  the  war,  one  can- 
not fail  to  be  startled  at  the  casualty  list 
which  has  reached  fabulous  proportions. 
Various  estimates  have  been  given  from 
both  camps.  According  to  foreign  mili- 
tary observers,  the  casualties  among  the 
military  forces  and  the  civilian  popula- 
tions are  as  follows: 

Chinese  soldiers  killed  450,000 

Chinese  soldiers  wounded  850,000 

Total  military  casualties  _ 1,300,000 

Chinese      civilians      killed. 

wounded,  and  missing  500,000 

Chinese  civilians  rendered  home- 
less    30,000,000 

Japanese  soldiers  killed 100,000 

Japanese  soldiers  wounded 200,000 

Total  military  casualties  300,000 

The  total  Chinese  casualties,  heavy  as 
they  may  be,  are  "not  unfavorable"  in 
comparison  with  the  Japanese  losses  ac- 
cording to  some  observers.  The  present 
ratio  between  the  Japanese  and  the  Chi- 
nese military  casualties  is  an  average  of 
about  one  to  four,  whereas  "China  had 
expected  to  suffer  as  many  as  one  to  ten," 
due  to  the  disparity  of  the  armament. 
The  suffering  of  the  innocent  and  de- 
fenseless civilians  is,  of  course,  beyond 
any  justification. 

After  one  year's  costly  fighting,  the 
Japanese  forces  have  overrun  twelve  of 
China's  provinces,  occupied  nine  of  these 
provincial  capitals,  blockaded  China's  en- 
tire coast,  and  controlled  all  the  princi- 
pal Chinese  seaports  except  those  in  the 
provinces  of  Fukien  and  Kwangtung. 

However,  the  vast  territory  under  Jap- 
anese occupation  does  not  give  them  any 
strategic  advantage  in  their  military  cam- 
paign in  China.  On  the  other  hand,  as 
the  front  line  stretches  it  becomes  increas- 
ingly difficult  for  the  Japanese  to  garri- 
son these  areas.  This,  in  turn,  means  that 
they  will  have  to  incur  higher  military 
expenditures  in  the  war  zones  and  will  en- 
tail heavier  taxes  and  bring  worse  financial 
conditions  in  the  Island  Empire.  The  Jap- 
anese forces,  thus  far,  can  only  control 
the  garrison  points  and  the  guarded  lines 
of  communication.  The  vast  areas  in  the 
hinterland   behind   the    Japanese   battle- 


fronts  are  still  in  the  hands  of  the  Chinese 
guerrilla  bands.  Even  the  garrison  points 
and  the  guarded  highways  and  railways 
have  been  constantly  threatened  by  the 
Chinese  "mobile  units."  To  develop  the 
conquered  areas  for  war  and  industrial 
purposes  is  out  of  the  question. 

Japan's  attempt  to  cut  off  China's  mili- 
tary supplies  also  failed  as  large  quanti- 
ties of  munitions  had  been  pouring  in 
continuously  through  the  British  port  of 
Hongkong  and  the  Canton-Hankow  rail- 
way, and  through  the  French  port  of 
Haipong  and  the  Haipong-Yunnan  rail- 
way. Furthermore,  it  was  reported  that 
the  newly  opened  roads  through  Chinese 
Turkestan  to  Siberia  and  Yunnan  to 
Burma  are  also  responsible  for  the  ever- 
increasing  quantities  of  war  materials  in 
China. 

During  the  course  of  one  year,  the 
Japanese  forces  have  attacked  China 
from  three  fronts:  North  China,  Central 
China,  and  South  China.  In  the  North 
China  front,  the  first  Japanese  object  was 
the  occupation  of  the  Tientsin-Peiping 
Area.  After  that  fatal  shot  had  been  fired 
by  the  Japanese  at  the  Chinese  garrisons 
near  the  Marco  Polo  bridge  in  the  event- 
ful evening  of  July  7,  1937,  the  Japanese 
rushed  in  large  numbers  of  troops  from 
Manchuria  to  begin  the  epoch-making 
warfare.  Fighting  during  those  early  days 
was  sporadic.  Armed  hostilities  went  on 
side  by  side  with  political  maneuvers. 
While  Chinese  and  Japanese  soldiers  ex- 
changed bullets  in  Tientsin,  Fengtai, 
Nanyuan,  Wanping,  etc.,  military  lead- 
ers on  both  sides  were  still  at  conference 
tables  in  an  attempt  to  avert  the  crisis. 
Finally  the  showdown  came  when  General 
Sung  Cheh-yuan,  Chairman  of  Hopei- 
Charhar  Political  Commission,  withdrew 
to  Paoting  and  the  undeclared  war  went 
into  full  swing.  Peiping  and  Tientsin  soon 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Japanese. 

After  having  effectively  occupied  this 
area,  the  Japanese  forces  spread  forth 
in  four  different  directions:  first,  in  the 
southern  direction  from  Tientsin  along 
the  Tientsin-Pukow  railway;  second,  from 
Peiping  southward  along  the  Peiping- 
Hankow  railway;  third,  from  Peiping  to- 
ward the  northwest  along  the  Peiping- 
Paotow  railway  heading  for  Inner  Mon- 
golia; and  fourth,  which  occurred  after 
the  occupation  of  Kalgan,  along  the  Ta- 
tung-Puchow  railway  piercing  into  Shansi 
province. 

(1)  On  the  Tientsin-Pukow  line,  the 
Japanese  pushed  slowly  but  successfully 


through  the  cities  of  Chinghai,  Tsang- 
chow,  Tenchow,  and  Tsinan  down  to  the 
southern  part  of  the  province.  This  was 
caused  by  the  oscillating  attitude  of  Gen- 
eral Han  Fu-chu,  governor  of  Shantung, 
who  was  later  executed  by  General  Chiang 
Kai-shek.  When  the  Japanese  came  into 
contact  with  the  Central  forces  of  Gen- 
eral Chiang  Kai-shek,  however,  they 
found  the  story  was  entirely  different.  At 
Taierchwang,  the  Japanese  suffered  the 
severest  defeat  in  the  annals  of  Japanese 
military  history.  From  this  point,  the 
Japanese  advances  were  stalmated  until 
their  columns  from  Nanking  marched 
northward  to  converge  at  Suchow. 

(2)  On  the  Peiping-Hankow  railway, 
the  Japanese  army  rolled  down  with  com- 
parative ease  and  rapidity.  They  took 
Paoting,  Chengting,  Shihchiachwang, 
Fenglohchen  and  Changteh  and  finally 
arrived  at  the  north  bank  of  the  Yellow 
river. 

(3)  The  Japanese  attempted  to  invade 
Inner  Mongolia  following  the  route  of 
Peiping-Paotow  railway.  At  the  strategic 
point  of  the  Nankow  pass,  the  Japanese 
attacks  were  successfully  repulsed  by  the 
Chinese  defenders.  Severe  fights  contin- 
ued for  many  days,  and  finally  the  Jap- 
anese Kwantung  army  sought  to  out- 
flank the  Chinese  position  and  to  threaten 
the  Chinese  rear  through  Dolonor  and 
Kalgan  in  Chahar  province.  With  the  fall 
of  Kalgan,  the  situation  in  the  Nankow 
pass  became  untenable,  and  the  Chinese 
were  then  compelled  to  withdraw.  From 
Kalgan,  the  invaders  marched  on  to 
Kweihua,  the  capital  of  Suiyuan,  and  Pao- 
tow. 

(4)  The  fourth  main  column  of  the 
Japanese  troops  in  North  China  pro- 
ceeded from  Kalgan  southward  along  the 
Tatung-Puchow  railway.  There  their 
military  campaign  encountered  great  dif- 
ficulty as  this  area  was  defended  by  the 
famous  Eighth  Route  army  with  General 
Chu  Teh  as  the  commander-in-chief.  The 
Japanese  succeeded  in  pushing  through 
Tatung  and  the  Yenmen  pass  and  Taiy- 
uan,  only  after  heavy  losses  in  men  and 
equipment.  They  finally  wound  up  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Huoma  near  the 
curvature  of  the  Yellow  river. 

In  the  Central  China  front,  the  war 
began  with  the  most  spectacular  battle  of 
Shanghai  in  which  the  aerial,  naval  and 
land  forces  of  both  countries  had  been 
brought  into  action.  After  checking  the 
Japanese  on  the  banks  of  the  Whangpoo 
river   for   two   and   a    half   months,  the 


'■-■ 


August,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


Pat  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


Chinese  defenders  were  compelled  to  with- 
draw. The  heavy  naval  guns  had  out- 
distanced the  Chinese  light  artillery,  and 
in  the  meantime  the  Japanese  had  landed 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Yangtze  river  in  the 
North  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hang- 
chow  bay  in  the  South  to  harass  the  rear 
of  the  Chinese  positions.  The  Japanese 
followed  the  Shanghai-Hangchow  railway 
to  occupy  the  scenic  city  of  Hangchow  in 
the  southwest  direction.  In  the  westward 
movement,  the  Japanese  took  Soochow 
without  much  opposition,  and  entered 
Nanking  after  Chinese  evacuation. 

From  Nanking,  the  Japanese  forces 
marched  northward  along  the  Tientsin- 
Pukow  railway  to  meet  their  troops  that 
had  been  defeated  once  at  Taierchwang. 
At  Suchow,  another  great  battle  was 
fought.  The  Japanese  army  in  numerous 
columns  converged  on  this  city  from  the 
South  and  the  North.  The  Chinese  held 
them  at  bay  for  many  weeks.  In  the  mid- 
dle part  of  June  this  year,  the  Chinese 
resistance  gave  way  under  heavy  Japan- 
ese air  attacks  and  the  Japanese  took  Su- 
chow to  consolidate  their  conquests  in 
North  and  Central  China.  From  there  on 
the  Japanese  fought  along  the  Lung- 
Hai  railway  in  the  westward  movement. 
When  they  were  on  the  verge  of  cutting 
into  the  Peiping-Hankow  railway,  the  in- 
undation of  the  Yellow  river  suddenly 
washed  away  the  Japanese  fruit  of  victory. 
The  Japanese  were  then  driven  back 
where  they  had  started  on  the  Lung-Hai 
railway. 

Thus  failing  to  reach  the  Peiping- 
Hankow  railway,  the  Japanese  concen- 
trated their  attacks  along  the  Yangtze 
river.  Squadrons  of  the  Japanese  fleet 
were  rushed  upstream.  But  there,  their 
plans  was  against  frustrated  by  Chinese 
batteries  on  shore,  numerous  booms  and 
mines  in  the  river,  and  the  devastating 
raids  of  the  rejuvenated  Chinese  air  force. 
Now  both  forces  are  locked  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Kiukiang  where  the  Poyang 
lake  meets  the  Yangtze  river. 

In  the  South  China  front,  the  Japa- 
nese ruthlessly  bombed  the  civilian  popu- 
lations in  the  principal  cities  in  Kwang- 
tung  and  Fukien  provinces.  Thus  far  the 
Japanese  took  only  a  few  small  islands 
for  purpose  of  landing  airplanes.  They  in- 
clude the  Santsoo  island  in  Kwangtung, 
Namoi  near  Swatow  (which  has  been  re- 
cently recovered) ,  and  Amoy  on  the  Fu- 
kien coast.  It  has  been  reported,  however, 
that  large  scale  invasion  in  the  South 
China  front  is  becoming  increasing  im- 
minent. 


It  is  seen  from  this  resume  that  after 
one  year  of  operation  the  Japanese  line 
of  occupation  starts  from  Paotow  in  the 
Suiyuan  province,  following  the  course 
of  the  Yellow  river  to  the  neighborhood 
of  Houma  in  Shansi,  passing  through 
the  Peiping-Hankow  railway  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Yellow  river,  through  Kaifeng 
in  Honan,  Fowyang  and  Liuan  in  An- 
hwei,  to  Kiukiang  in  Kiangsi,  then  follow- 
ing the  Yangtze  river  to  Wuhu  and 
stretching  eastward  to  Hangchow. 

As  to  the  future  of  the  war,  General 
Chiang  Kai-shek  has  made  the  follow- 
ing remark  on  the  occasion  of  its  first  an- 
niversary: 

"We  have  withdrawn  from  cities  and 
towns  in  order  to  preserve  initiative  and 
conserve  our  strength,  but  the  end  of  one 
year's  hostilities  has  found  us  resisting 
with  redoubled  vigor  and  determination. 

"With  or  without  the  support  to  which 
we  are  entitled  under  well-known  inter- 
national agreements,  we  shall  not  halt 
until  Japanese  forces  have  been  withdrawn 
from  our  soil." 


BOOKS  ON  THE  SINO- 
JAPANESE  CONFLICT 

"The  Far  Eastern  Crisis"  by  Henry 
L.  Stimson.  (Harper  &  Bros.,  New 
York,  1936.   293  pp.,  #3.75.) 

A  summary  of  American  policy  and 
recent  efforts  to  secure  an  adjudication 
of  the  Sino-Japanese  dispute,  by  the 
Secretary  of  State  in  the  Hoover  cabinet. 

"Principles  of  American  Policy  in 
Relation  to  the  Far  East"  by  Stanley 
K.  Hornbeck.  Department  of  State  Pub- 
lication No.  507.  (U.  S.  Superintendent 
of  Documents,  Washington,  D.  C,  1934. 
5  cents.) 

One  of  the  few  official  pronouncements 
of  Far  Eastern  policy  by  a  member  of  the 
present  administration. 

"America's  Stake  in  the  Far  East" 
by  Miriam  S.  Farley.  (Institute  of  Pa- 
cific Relations,  New  York,  1936.  39  pp., 
25  cents.) 

A  summary  of  American  trade  and  in- 
vestment in  the  countries  of  the  Far 
East. 

"American  Policy  in  the  Far  East" 
by  T.  A.  Bisson.  Foreign  Policy  Reports. 
(Roreign  Policy  Association,  New  York, 
XII,  22,  February  1,  1937.  12  pp.,  25 
cents.) 

"Foreign  Investments  in  China"  by 
C.  F.  Remer.  (Macmillan  Co.,  New 
York,  1933.  708  pp.,  £5.) 


Still  the  most  authoritative  book  on 
this  important  subject. 

"The  Struggle  of  the  Powers  in- 
China"  by  T.  A.  Bisson.  Foreign  Policy 
Reports.  (Foreign  Policy  Association, 
New  York,  XII,  10,  1936.  12  pp.,  25 
cents.) 

"China's  Foreign  Relations,  1917- 
31"  by  Robert  T.  Pollard.  (Macmillan 
Co.,  New  York,  1933.    416  pp.,  #3.50.) 

"Empire  in  the  East"  by  Joseph 
Barnes,  ed.  (Doubleday,  Doran  &  Co., 
New  York,  1934.  322  pp.,  #3.25.) 

A  symposium  on  foreign  imperialistic 
policies  regarding  China. 

"The  Far  East  in  World  Politics" 
by  G.  F.  Hudson.  (Oxford  University 
Press,  New  York,  1937.  276  pp.,  ill., 
#3.) 

An  historical  appraisal  of  the  semi- 
colonial  status  of  China. 

The  National  Headliners  club  award- 
ed many  honors  to  its  members  at  a  re- 
cent gathering  in  Atlantic  City.  Cover- 
age of  the  Sino-Japanese  war  won  three 
of  these  awards:  Norman  Alley's  shots 
of  the  Panay  bombing  for  Universal 
Newsreel  as  the  best  foreign  newsreel; 
story  on  the  bombing  of  Shanghai  by 
John  R.  Morris  of  the  United  Press  as 
the  best  foreign  news  reporting;  picture 
of  a  wailing  Chinese  baby  sitting  in  the 
middle  of  a  bombed  railroad  station,  as 
the  "best  news  photo"  for  International 
News  Photos.  It  was  part  of  a  newsreel 
shot  by  H.  G.  Wong. 

o 

The  110,000  Chinese  in  the  Philippines 
have  organized  themselves  for  active  ser- 
vice to  aid  the  war  refugees.  Under  the 
Anti-Japanese  War  Aid  association,  they 
have  raised  more  than  #700,000  for  the 
cause. 


VISIT   OUR    NEW    AND    ENLARGED 
CLOTHING    FLOOR 

Suits  and   Overcoats 
Thrift  Shop,  $23.50 
Castlerock,  $30,  $35,  $40 
Thos.  Heath,  $50 
Worsted  -rex,  $40 

Henry  Tom,   Representative 

RooaBroa 

Market  at  Stockton 


/ 


Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1938 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


Son-  tfia+icidco-  GUiacdo-tan  rl  Jlaba*  PnaldetMA 


San  Francisco  Chinatown  has  resisted 
the  efforts  of  organized  labor  ever  since 
the  hue  and  cry  of  cheap  labor  and  "cool- 
ie wages"  has  been  heaped  upon  the 
Chinese  in  California.  Suddenly  as  if  by 
storm  organized  labor  and  union  leaders 
descended  upon  our  community,  and  to 
this  very  day,  the  befuddled  elders  still 
do  not  know  what  has  hit  them.  In  the 
last  issue  of  the  Chinese  Digest  this  writer 
traced  the  historical  facts  leading  up  to 
the  contemporary  labor  problems  of  China- 
town to  serve  as  an  introduction  to  an  im- 
mense complexity  with  infinite  possibilities 
for  the  future  development  of  our  com- 
munity. Chinatown  cannot  escape  the  so- 
cial and  economic  forces  that  are  pulling 
and  tugging  the  nation  as  a  whole,  and 
upon  the  sane  adjustment  of  our  em- 
ployer-employee relationships  will  deter- 
mine the  stability  or  instability  of  our 
economic  foundation. 

Chinatown's  economy  is  built  very  dif- 
ferently from  the  American  economy,  and 
for  any  labor  leader  to  apply  the  same 
dogmas  that  he  has  found  successful  in 
another  community  will  not  solve  our 
labor  problems  but  aggravate  them.  There- 
fore the  union  organizer  will  have  to  act 
more  judiciously  in  Chinatown,  if  the 
Chinese  are  to  be  won  to  organized  labor, 
than  if  he  is  to  organize  an  American  in- 
dustry or  community.  As  a  preliminary 
discussion,  only  two  of  the  five  factors 
mentioned  in  the  July  issue  of  the  Chi- 
nese Digest  are  being  discussed  this  time. 
Comments  and  criticism  are  welcomed. 
The  Principle  of 
Collective  Bargaining 

Collective  bargaining  has  arrived  in 
Chinatown  and  it  cannot  be  long  ne- 
glected without  having  its  social  effects. 
However  our  form  of  collective  bargaining 
will  be  different  from  that  provided  by  the 
Wagner  act  which  has  recognized  the 
right  of  labor  to  bargain  collectively  as 
the  law  of  the  land.  Chinatown  has  few 
industries  in  interstate  commerce,  and 
outside  of  the  National  Dollar  Stores,  the 
Golden  Gate  Manufacturing  Co.,  and 
the  export-import  trade,  our  industries  are 
chiefly  intrastate.  Therefore  collective 
bargaining  could  only  be  considered  in 
Chinatown  more  as  a  principle  than  as  a 
law. 

The  stumbling  block  to  collective  bar- 
gaining in  Chinatown  is  the  personal  re- 
lationships of  the  employer  with  the  em- 
ployees. In  the  first  place  the  Chinese 
employer  will  hire  his  own  relatives  and 


kinsmen  before  he  will  hire  outsiders.  In 
the  second  place  the  Chinese  employer 
furnishes  room  and  board  as  a  part  of 
the  wages  to  his  employees  and  he  takes 
his  daily  meals  with  them.  When  the  boss 
eats  with  the  workers  and  discusses  inter- 
national as  well  as  labor  problems  with 
his  workers,  many  complicated  labor  prob- 
lems are  settled  at  the  dinner  table.  Third, 
if  an  employer  has  been  in  the  commun- 
ity long  enough,  he  is  bound  to  be  an  of- 
ficer of  the  family  or  benevolent  associa- 
tions, and  he  has  a  voice  in  the  affairs  of 
his  clan  or  in  the  community.  Thus  the 
employee  is  partly  dependent  upon  his 
employer  for  social  approval  in  the  com- 
munity where  the  Chinese  live  so  closely 
together,  and  where  the  "grapevine"  is  so 


Mr.  Lim  P.  Lee,  energetic  mem- 
ber of  the  Chinese  Digest  Staff, 
will  be  in  New  York  City  after 
attending  the  World  Youth  Con- 
gress (Augsut  16  to  24)  at  Pough- 
keepsie,  New  York.  While  gath- 
ering materials  for  his  Sociological 
Data  he  will  also  be  available  io: 
speaking  engagements  before 
American  audiences.  Mr  Lee  will 
return  by  the  southern  and  south- 
western states  and  will  be  very 
glad  to  meet  friends  of  the  Chinese 
Digest  on  his  route.  For  further 
information  write  to  the  San  Fran- 
cisco office. 


effective  as  a  molder  of  public  opinion. 

So  collective  bargaining  is  only  pos- 
sible where  there  is  a  breakdown  of  this 
personal  employer-employee  relationship. 
As  long  as  the  Chinese  employer  keeps 
his  employees  on  this  personal  relationship, 
he  has  little  labor  trouble.  If  one  will 
study  the  labor  troubles  of  the  commun- 
ity during  the  past  year  or  so,  he  will  find 
them  chiefly  in  a  factory  system,  the 
wage  system,  and  a  hierarchy  of  company 
officials.  Oftentimes  labor  problems  are 
blamed  on  union  organizers,  but  few  real- 
ize these  impersonal  relationships  between 
employer  and  employees  breed  what  the 
union  organizers  need  to  band  the  em- 
ployees together  for  collective  strength. 

Nevertheless  if  Chinatown  is  to  keep 
abreast  with  the  rest  of  the  nation,  the 
time  has  arrived  to  give  labor  its  rights 
in  the  community,  and  to  recognize  col- 
lective bargaining  as  a  principle  for  em- 
ployees working  on  a  personal  or  imper- 


sonal basis.  If  the  jurisdictional  dispute 
within  organized  labor  is  ever  going  to  be 
settled,  and  if  Chinatown  still  remains 
unorganized,  it  will  be  victimized  as  a 
market  for  cheap  labor  and  "coolie  wages" 
once  again.  Therefore  if  both  the  em- 
ployer and  the  employee  can  see  the  straws 
in  the  wind,  it  is  best  that  they  work  out 
some  kind  of  recognition  for  collective 
bargaining  as  a  fundamental  principle  for 
harmonious  employer  and  employee  re- 
lationships. 

Higher  Wages,  Shorter  Hours 
and  Better  Conditions 

The  corollary  principle  to  collective  bar- 
gaining is  higher  wages,  shorter  hours, 
and  better  working  conditions  in  the 
Chinese  shops.  If  there  is  going  to  be 
any  increase  in  wages,  decrease  in  hours, 
and  improvement  of  working  conditions, 
this  half-year  will  be  the  time  to  inaug- 
urate it  gradually.  Chinatown  no  doubt 
will  benefit  directly  and  indirectly  from 
the  tourist  trade  for  the  1939  Golden 
Gate  International  exposition,  and  the  in- 
creased income  should  be  generally  shared 
all  around.  There  is  a  noticeable  increase 
in  the  business  of  Chinatown  lately,  but 
still  wages  have  not  risen  materially  nor 
have  working  hours  been  cut  proportion- 
ately. As  an  economic  theory,  wages  al- 
ways lag  behind  profit,  rent  and  interest, 
but  as  a  principle  for  community  wel- 
fare, wages  should  increase  proportion- 
ately or  you  will  have  labor  troubles  on 
your  hands. 

Chinese  workers  are  known  to  have 
low  wages  and  long  hours.  The  laun- 
dries and  the  restaurants  are  the  worst 
offenders,  and  unless  these  and  other  em- 
ployers realize  that  higher  wages  should 
go  with  increased  profits,  the  employer- 
employee  relations  will  be  strained  to  the 
breaking  point,  and  the  union  organizers 
will  realize  a  golden  opportunity  to  union- 
ize the  industry  which  will  bring  about 
collective  bargaining  in  a  forceable  man- 
ner. Labor  leaders  do  not  look  for  trouble, 
but  they  do  see  opportunities  where  there 
are  intolerable  conditions  and  injustice. 
The  responsibility  for  strikes  is  equallv 
shared  by  the  employer  as  well  as  by  the 
employees. 

(Continued   on    page    18) 


CERTIFIED  (LEANER  &  DYER 

'When  the  Certified  Cleans    I      Clean' 

Phones  PRospect   1302  &   1303 
766  Post  St.  San   Francisco 


1 


August,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINATOWNS  IN  THE 
UNITED  STATES 

Washington,  D.  C. — The  hundreds  of 
"Rice  Bowl"parties  held  in  as  many  cities 
throughout  the  country  last  June  focused 
the  attention  of  the  American  people  on 
the  75,000  Chinese  in  the  United  States. 
It  caused  the  National  Geographical  so- 
ciety, with  headquarters  here,  to  seek  in- 
formation and  statistics  on  the  number  of 
Chinatowns  in  the  country  and  the  liveli- 
hood of  the  Chinese  living  in  them.  Some 
'of  the  interesting  findings  were  as  fol- 
ilows: 

There  are  75,000  Chinese  in  the  U.  S., 
with  half  of  them  living  in  California. 
One  fourth  of  those  employed  through- 
out the  land  are  at  work  as  owners  or 
employees  in  small  laundries —  so  small, 
in  fact,  that  there  are  only  two  employees 
to  the  average  laundry.  A  Chinese  sur- 
vey listed  3,000  in  the  Chinese  restau- 
rant business  in  New  York  City  alone. 
Almost  nine  tenths  of  the  American- 
Chinese  are  city  dwellers,  whereas  the 
Japanese  in  the  U.  S.,  who  are  twice  as 
numerous  as  Chinese,  are  evenly  divided 
between  city  and  country. 

"Eight  large  metropolitan  areas  con- 
tain the  bulk  of  the  Chinese  population. 
Next  to  the  impressive  concentration  in 
the  San  Francisco  Bay  cities  (San  Fran- 
cisco: 16,000;  Oakland,  3,000),  New 
York  City  has  the  largest  Chinese  colony. 
Los  Angeles  and  Chicago  rank  next.  With 
somewhat  over  a  thousand  each,  come 
Philadelphia,  Boston,  Portland  (Oregon) , 
and  Seattle. 

"Chicago,  Cleveland,  St.  Louis,  and  De- 
troit are  the  only  cities  which  have  lured 
large  settlements  of  Chinese  far  inland. 
Chicago  has  over  two  thousand,  while  the 
others  have  only  several  hundred  Chinese 
settlers.  Newark,  Baltimore,  and  San 
Diego,  with  their  costal  locations,  are  less 
surprising  with  their  four  to  six  hundred 
inhabitants.  The  small  Chinatown  of  the 
nation's  capital  is  about  the  same  size. 

"A  score  of  large  American  cities  list 
only  a  hundred  or  two  Chinese.  The  ex- 
patriates, apparently,  thrive  best  in  large 
communities  of  their  fellowmen.  There 
are  cities  of  more  than  100,000  inhabi- 
tants, however,  which  have  reported  to  the 
census  taker  that  China  is  represented  by 
a  hardy  band  of  possibly  ten  or  even  six. 
Kansas  City,  Kansas,  reported  exactly 
one." 


The  above  picture  shows  the  new  altar  in  the  chapel  of  the  Chinese  Catholic  Mission  in 
San  Francisco  Chinatown,  just  completed.  Designed  by  the  Rev.  John  Meehan,  the  altar  con- 
forms to  both  Chinese  and  Roman  Catholic  ecclesiastical  architecture,  and  combines  both 
artistic  splendor  and  quiet  simplicity.  The  golden  and  intricate  patterns  of  wood  carvings 
around  the  entire  altar  are  accentuated  by  the  drapery  of  subdued  yellow,  the  whole  com- 
pleted by  Chinese  red  on  the  top  and  the  sides.  The  rest  of  the  chapel  is  also  entirely  Chinese 
in  color  and  style.  The  entire  chapel  was  remodeled  at  a  cost  of  $2500,  representing  dona- 
tions by  hundreds  of  American  friends  and   Chinese  Catholics  here. 


SURVEYING  WATSONVILLE 
CHINATOWN 

Members  of  the  Chinese  Digest  staff, 
including  Eddie  Leong,  Phillip  Chinn, 
and  Chingwah  Lee,  assisted  by  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Harry  S.  Leong,  roamed  the  re- 
mains of  what  was  once  Watsonville's 
interesting  Chinatown  to  gather  material 
for  a  possible  history  of  the  Chinese 
there.  Appointed  to  coordinate  the  mate- 
rial are  Mrs.  Lillie  Lew  Lee,  George 
Quock,  Loy  Quock,  L.  David  Lee,  and 
Lim  P.  Lee. 

(Continued  on  page  18) 


<4  Ait 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


Page  8 


CH  I  N  ESE     DIGEST 


August,  1938 


THE    JADE    BOX 


Lady  P'ing  Yu 


DID  YOU 
KNOW  THAT 

We  have  an  extra  safeguard  against 
disease  in  Vitamin  P  derived  from  beans 
and  paprika?  Serve  more  of  that  soy 
bean   cheese    with   paprika   sauce,   girls! 

Refrigerated  human  blood  from  the 
dead  has  saved  many  lives  in  trans- 
fusions? 

Sugar  is  now  being  manufactured  from 
sawdust?  (So  are  auto  parts,  ash  trays, 
door  panels,  windshields  and  optical 
lenses — but  don't  chew  up  your  new  glas- 
ses for  a  chocolate  bar  by  mistake!) 

Peaches  can  be  grown  fuzzless  with 
waxy  skins,  better  flesh  and  flavor,  and 
free  and  smaller  stones? 

Alfalfa  can  be  made  palatable  for  man 
and  eaten  like  spinach?  (Not  interest- 
ed as  I  am  susceptible  to  hay  fever!) 

Three-dimensional  movies  in  both 
sound  and  sight  are  being  developed? 

The  movies  have  perfected  a  device 
called  the  "voice  editor"  to  give  all  cin- 
ema-actors a  more  pleasing  "fire-side 
chat"  personality  and  voice? 

The  photoelectric  cell  or  electric  eye 
not  only  can  open  doors  and  windows  but 
sort  fruits,  vegetables,  and  eggs,  appraise 
color  better  than  the  human  eye,  classify 
minerals,  count  bills  and  throw  out  count- 
erfeits, detect  flaws  and  tears  in  cloth, 
search  criminals  and  smugglers,  time 
horse  races  and  athletic  contests,  count 
people  and  vehicles,  determine  thickness 
and  transparency  of  cloth,  see  througii 
fog,  direct  traffic  at  less  frequented  cross- 
ings, and  act  as  an  automatic  train  con- 
trol? (Wonder  if  it  can  also  make 
people  like  one  another  better  so  we 
won't  have  any  more  wars?) 

The  farmers  have  a  "fog  alarm"  to 
warn  them  of  lower  temperatures  so  they 
can  put  on  the  smudges  to  warm  the  air 
around  the  fruit  trees? 

A  new  sewage  disposal  device,  the 
"electric  pig,"  has  been  invented  to  chew 
up  all  the  garbage  (excepting  tin  cans 
and  bottles)  so  it  can  go  down  the  kitch- 
en sink? 

When  Wilbur  Wright  made  his  first 
successful  airplane  flight  in  1903,  news- 
papers gave  it  scant  attention  and  one 
newspaper  fired  its  reporter  for  "creat- 
ing" such  a  tale? 

As  Herb  Caen  would  say,  these  items 
were  news  to  me.  The  world  moves  fast, 
they  say,  but  a  man  can  go  around  it 
faster!  And  methinks,  in  order  to  keep 
abreast  with  all  that  goes  on  these  days, 


Dr.  M.  Carlsmith  administering  tuberculosis  test  to  youngsters  ot  the  Chinese  Health  center. 
The  supervising  nurse  is  Miss  Eunice  Gibson,  assisted  by  two  staff  nurses,  Minnie  Lee  and 
Theresa  Lee. 


we  really  ought  to  go  to  sleep  with  one 
eye  and  one  ear  open  and  have  a  photo- 
electric cell  (remember  that  unique  lit- 
tle thing?)  for  a  brain  besides,  because 
for  myself,  I  know  that  that  portion  of 
my  body  which  is  stored  in  the  cranium  is 
getting  more  and  more  insignificant  and 
inadequate. 

AFTER  ALL 

Very  small  words  these  two  but  filled 
with  unwholesome  dynamite  when  they 
are  inspired  by  all  manner  of  evil  and 
unjust  thoughts,  and  especially  when  they 
are  spoken  with  upraised  eyebrows  and 
unbridled  passion  as  so  many  of  us  wom- 
en know.  After  all  we  have  done  for 
them;  after  all  we  started  it;  after  all 
it  was  our  idea;  after  all,  we  should  share 
the  glory;  after  all  their  folks  lavish- 
ed on  her;  after  all  that  education; 
after  all  that  fuss;  after  all  is  said  and 
done;  after  all  these  years! — These  have 


been  heard  in  various  tones  and  accom- 
panied by  multitudinous  questions  and 
exclamations  wherever  women  are  gath- 
ered together.  And  it  takes  very  little 
imagination  to  associate  these  remarks 
with  insidious  thoughts  of  jealousy,  envy, 
derogation,  cynicism,  or  with  the  mere 
desire  to  gossip  about  others.  When  these 
defenseless  others  are  branded  as  in- 
grates,  undeserving,  spoiled,  and  disrep- 
utable, we  create  not  only  ill-feeling  and 
ill-will  all  around  but  generate  within  our 
own  systems  a  beautv-marring  poison  of 
hatred,  pettiness,  and  indifference. 

What  I  really  started  out  to  comment 
on  was  the  habit  of  some  cynical  indivi- 
duals who  always  berate  the  efforts  of 
young  people  in  their  undertakings,  be 
they  conferences,  club  enterprises,  leader- 
ship classes,  camp  retreats,  or  other  group 
activities.  It  is  likely  that  thev  mav  be 
right  in  that  no  immediate  "big  result" 
is  ever  apparent  after  all  is  said  and  done. 


\Jjf  ~*~Z$  '%** 


\ 


August,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


CHINATOWNIA 


But  do  these  short-sighted,  sardonic  souls 
ever  have  enough  imagination  to  real- 
ize that  somewhere  some  young  life  has 
been  touched  and  inspired  by  contacting 
other  personalities  and  has  been  great- 
ly benefited  by  the  moral  and  social  val- 
ues of  group  living  and  planning?  and 
that  lessons  of  democratic  self-direction, 
community  cooperation,  respect  for  others, 
and  give  and  take  from  group  choices 
and  appraisals  are  best  learned  in 
life  situations?  After  all,  I'm  for  more 
Lake  Tahoe  conferences  (in  session  sec- 
ond week  of  August)  and  more  clubs  for 
young  people. 

CAMELLIA  NAMED 
FOR  CHINA 

Growing  in  the  famous  Bellingrath 
Gardens,  near  Mobile,  Alabama,  is  a 
Camellia  that  excites  universal  admira- 
tion because  of  its  breath-taking  beauty, 
fiery  color,  and  size.  For  a  long  while  it 
has  been  mistaken  for  a  Victor  Emmanuel, 
but  the  latter  is  a  decidedly  smaller 
bloom.  In  selling  this  plant,  Robert  O. 
Rubel  Jr.,  Camellia  specialist,  labeled  it 
as  "Blood  of  China."  Said  Mr.  Rubel 
Jr.  at  his  Longview  garden  at  Crichton 
before  a  large  party:  "We  feel  that 
'Blood  of  China'  is  the  most  appropriate 
and  timely  name,  one  symbolic  of  the 
wanton  waste  of  innocent  blood,  of 
Chinese  women  and  children,  suggested  by 
the  ruthless  invasion  of  the  Japanese  mili- 
tary machine,  rampant  in  the  Far  East. 

"Until  'Blood  of  China'  is  correctly 
identified,  we  propose  to  market  the  few 
plants  available,  under  this  symbolic 
name.  We  have  no  quarrel  or  hatred 
for  the  Japanese  people,  any  more  than 
we  love  the  peace-loving  Chinese.  The 
recent  outrages  and  atrocities  wrought 
by  the  callous  brutality  of  Japan's  dicta- 
torial military  power,  among  innocent 
Chinese  people  is  a  war  in  which  the 
Japanese  people  have  no  voice." 

When  Camellias  were  first  introduced 
from  China  to  Europe,  100  to  150  years 
ago,  common  varieties  were  expensive 
plants.  Sales  recorded  in  old  books  re- 
veal that  small  Camellia  plants  brought 
from  #180  to  #1,000  each. 

o 

ELDERLY  CHINATOWN  IAN 
PASSES 

Funeral  services  were  held  on  July  27 
for  aged  Tse  Bau  Yuan,  who  died  after 
a  long  illness.  She  was  survived  by  two 
sons,  George  Chow  and  William  Jow,  and 
by  two  daughters-in-laws,  Bessie  and 
Phoebe. 


S.  F.  GIRL  RECEIVES  NOTICE  IN 
NATIONAL  COLLEGE  STUDENTS' 
WHO'S  WHO 

San  Francisco — The  name  of  Dolores 
Ann  Leong,  a  junior  pre-medical  student 
at  Bethel  college,  McKenzie,  Tennessee, 
appears  in  the  newest  issue  of  the  Who's 
Who  Among  Students  in  American 
Universities  and  Colleges. 

According  to  the  editor  of  this  Who's 
Who,  Dolores  Leong's  name  appears 
with  thousands  of  other  students  each 
of  whom  was  "selected  from  the  uni- 
versity which  he  or  she  attended  as  one 
of  the  outstanding  students  in  America." 
The  selections  are  made  not  on  scholar- 
ship record  alone,  but  also  on  the  stu- 
dents' record  in  extra-curricula  activities 
and  future  possibilities. 

Miss  Leong  was  on  her  college's  honor 
roll  (1936-37),  president  of  the  German 
club  (1936-37),  member  of  the  student 
council,  the  choral  club,  the  science  club, 
and  also  on  the  staff  of  the  college 
annual. 

Dolores  Leong  is  a  native  of  San 
Francisco,  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Chow  King  Leong,  and  is  a  graduate  of 
the  Mission  high  school  here.  She  listed 
her  hobbies  as  being  photography,  swim- 
ming and  tennis.  Her  ambition  is  to  be 
a  surgical  doctor  working  among  her  own 
people  either  here  or  in  Canton,  China. 


NO  JUVENILE  DELINQUENCY 
AMONG  N.  Y.CHINESE 

New  York — A  joint  legislative  com- 
mittee on  children's  court  jurisdiction 
and  juvenile  delinquency,  organized  some 
months  ago  to  study  the  problem  of  juve- 
nile misconduct  here,  revealed  an  inter- 
esting finding  last  month.  It  reported 
that  of  all  the  racial  and  sectional  groups 
in  this  metropolis,  the  Chinese  had  the 
lowest  percentage  of  juvenile  delinquen- 
cy. In  fact,  there  had  been  only  one  such 
case  known  to  the  authorities  in  eight- 
years. 

Upon  revealing  this  fact  the  Com- 
mittee held  a  hearing  in  the  old  Chinese 
public  school  on  Chinatown's  Mott  street 
to  see  if  any  lessons  could  be  learned 
from  it.  There  they  learned  something 
of  Confucian  teaching  as  applied  to  child 
rearing,  and  also  something  of  the  system 
of  social  control  which  exists  in  every 
closely-knit  Chinese  community.  Wilbur 
W.  H.  Pyn,  a  Chinese  court  interpreter, 
quoted  from  the  Confucian  canons  that 


"The  misconduct  of  the  child  is  the 
fault  of  the  parent."  As  for  the  invisible 
web  of  social  control  which  serves  to  pre- 
vent juvenile  delinquency,  Pyn  explained 
as  follows:  "Whenever  a  Chinese  boy 
or  girl  is  guilty  of  misconduct  in  public, 
it  is  a  disgrace  not  only  to  himself  or  to 
herself,  but  to  the  family.  If  some  Chi- 
nese boy  committed  the  most  minute 
crime,  the  whole  community  would  know 
it  and  he  would  be  losing  face." 

The  reported  lack  of  juvenile  crimes 
among  the  Chinese  here  caused  the  New 
York  Times  to  comment:  "The  tourist 
picture  of  New  York's  Chinatown  is  now 
up  for  revision." 

CHINESE  CONSULAR" 
OFFICIALS  PROMOTED 
IN  U.S. 

Considerable  numbers  of  Chinese  con- 
sular officials  in  the  United  States  have 
received  thiir  transfers  and  promotions 
lately,  notably  the  following:  Chishau  S. 
Lee,  vice-consul  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  has 
been  promoted  as  consul  at  Chicago,  III. 
The  office  vacated  by  Mr.  Lee  is  taken  by 
G.  H.  Wang,  formerly  vice-consul  at 
Chxago.  Dr.  Hsin-yu  Lu,  formerly  vice- 
consul  at  Havana,  Cuba,  has  been  pro- 
moted as  consul  at  New  York.  Another 
addition  to  the  consulate  staff  in  New 
York  is  Mr.  Joseph  Ku.  Unconfirmed 
reports  from  Washington  D.  C.  indicate 
that  Kung-yuan  Lee  has  been  promoted 
as  chancellor  in  the  Chinese  embassy. 
Patrick  Pichi  Sun,  for  many  years  deputy- 
ccnsul  at  San  Francisco,  California,  has 
been  promoted  as  vice-consul  in  the  same 
office. 

The  Chinese  Digest  extends  congratu- 
lations to  these  officials  for  their  well- 
earned  promotions. 


CHINA  EMPORIUM 

Exclusive  Chinese 
Art  Goods 

733  Grant  Ave.             Ph.  CHina  2285 

JGSh             _c 

lawn  fun-  Tiifr"^F""     J 

ill*    nf'j     m* 

■LA 

Page    10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1938 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah   Lee 


INSTANT  ACTION  NEEDED  TO 
RECORD  THE  HISTORY  OF 
THE  CHINESE  IN  AMERICA 

If  I  were  an  affluent  bank-robber — or 
a  bond  peddling  banker — and  wished  to 
soothe  my  conscience  by  doing  some  good, 
I'd  put  aside  a  sum  of  money  with  which 
to  pull  an  army  of  able  young  men  and 
women  from  whatever  they  are  doing  to 
put  them  to  work  on  the  following  pro- 
jects: 

First  of  all  I  would  select  some  history- 
minded  probers  to  write  the  long  ne- 
glected record  of  the  Chinese  in  America. 
Our  impressive  universities  and  historical 
societies  out  West  are  too  busy  at  present 
re-fighting  the  Indians,  attending  Doona 
Anneta's  wedding,  or  joining  Coxey's 
army,  to  take  any  interest  in  this  vital 
chapter  of  American  life  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  Some  day  these  learned  bodies  will 
wake  up  to  the  realization  that  they  are 
unable  to  furnish  even  an  outline  of  this 
section  of  the  mural  along  the  corridor  of 
time. 

Provisionally  I  would  divide  this  study 
into  five  sections.  The  first  one  will  be  re- 
searches into  Chinese  pre-Columbian  con- 
tact with  the  Americas.  This  shall  be 
done  not  just  through  a  re-reading  of  the 
voyage  of  Fa  Hsien  and  other  semi- 
mythological  explorers  but  by  amassing 
such  evidences  as  ideographic  inscription 
in  the  Americas,  remains  of  junks,  imple- 
ments, etc.  The  second  section  will  deal 
with  the  early  phase  of  the  present  Chi- 
nese in  America,  especially  their  entry 
into  the  mines,  railroad  building,  farming, 
lumbering,  canning,  manufacturing,  and 
other  activities. 

The  third  section  will  deal  with  the 
persecution,  specifically  from  about  1870 
to  the  turn  of  the  century.  A  dark  chapter 


in  local  Chinese  history,  it  is  virtually 
blank  in  the  annals  of  the  West.  What 
did  the  Chinese  do  to  earn  a  living  during 
this  period?  Where  did  a  large  number 
of  them  go?  A  solid  wall  of  uncertainty 
confronts  us  at  every  turn.  Mr.  Lim 
Lee's  precious  papers  in  the  current  issues 
of  the  Chinese  Digest  represent  a  vital 
record  of  one  aspect  of  this  period.  Read- 
ers will  do  well  to  preserve  Mr.  Lim  Lee's 
articles  for  future  reference. 

The  last  two  sections  shall  cover  the 
space  from  the  Exclusion  act  up  to  the 
present.  The  fourth  period  may  be  con- 
sidered as  one  still  of  hardship,  with  the 
Chinese  barred  from  all  public  works  and 
from  those  which  are  unionized.  As  Dr. 
Chester  Rowell  once  said,  "There's  room 
at  the  rarefied  top  or  at  the  to-be-avoided 
bottom,  but  none  in  the  comfortable  mid- 
dle band."  The  beginning  of  the  last 
period  occurred  some  time  after  the  fire 
of  1906 — whether  after  the  Armistice  or 
after  the  Quota  act,  is  difficult  to  say  at 
present;  but  it  is  one  of  mutual  apprecia- 
tion of  each  other's  worth,  of  gradual  re- 
laxing of  the  labor  unions  toward  Ameri- 
can-born Chinese,  and  of  the  active  par- 
ticipation of  the  Chinese  in  American 
life.  Here  we  should  record  the  begin- 
nings of  such  organizations  as  the  Chi- 
nese American  Citizens  alliance,  the  Y. 
M.  C.  A.,  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  the  Boy 
Scouts,  the  band,  the  Cathay  Post  of  the 
American  Legion,  etc.  The  entry  of  the 
Chinese  into  the  war,  the  voting  polls,  the 
Masonic  lodges,  the  Knights  of  Colum- 
bus, and  the  labor  unions  would  consti- 
tute interesting  chapters. 

My  second  project  would  be  to  commis- 
sion scores  of  Chinese-speaking  youths  to 
interview  old-timers  who  have  lived  here 
for  the  last  sixty  years  or  more.    First  I 


The  Chinese  Drama 

Fully  explained  by  a  student  of  the  Chinese  Stage,  together  with 
exposition  of  the  symbolism,  history,  and  background  of  the  Chinese 
Theater.   David  K.  Chin  in  charge  of  this  Department. 


CHINESE  T&ADE  AND  TRAVEL  BUREAU 


CHINGWAH  LEE,  Manager 


CHina  0862  or  2400 


would  get  a  picture  of  their  life  in  China, 
the  condition  of  their  home  life,  objec- 
tives in  mind  in  coming  to  America,  the 
age  they  left  China,  the  kind  of  vessel 
they  sailed  in,  etc.  Certainly  I  would 
include  here  all  the  old  characters  which 
come  to  us  now  as  picturesque  echos: 
Little  Pete,  Lame  Duck,  Die  Key,  Vice 
Council  Ho,  Tong  Bong,  etc. 

As  an  example  of  the  wealth  of  in- 
formation available  through  interview: 
While  covering  Oregon  as  talent  scout  for 
M.  G.  M.  in  the  winter  of  1935  I  came 
across  a  sun-dried  old  man  who  neverthe- 
less appeared  to  have  more  pep  than  two 
of  me  put  together.  Inquiry  revealed  that 
he  left  Toy  Shan  as  a  young  man  of  about 
thirty  in  1877,  crossing  the  Pacific  in 
"the  largest  vessel  ever  built."  The  cap- 
tain was  fined  two  thousand  dollars  for 
carrying  a  dangerously  large  passenger 
list — eight  hundred.  Each  passenger  was 
charged  two  hundred  fifty  Mexican  dol- 
lars— or  one  hundred  Uncle  Sam  dollars. 
In  America  he  worked  with  the  railroads 
for  about  two  years,  reaching  as  far  east 
as  Missouri.  Then  he  served  as  lumber 
jack,  salmon  cannery  hand,  etc.  He  is  a 
bachelor  but  confessed  to  being  nearly- 
married  to  a  waitress  when  operating  a 
successful  laundry  in  Eugene.  A  file  of 
hundreds  of  such  cases,  when  dovetailed 
together,  will  be  revealing.  We  are  al- 
ready too  late  for  those  who  lived  through 
the  first  era  of  the  Chinese  in  America. 
And  unless  we  get  records  within  the 
next  year  or  two  from  the  few  remain- 
ing old  men  now  living,  we  will  also  be  too 
late  for  that  most  neglected  of  periods,  the 
second  era. 

I  would  delegate  another  group  to  make 
a  survey  of  all  the  temples  ever  built  by 
the  Chinese  in  America.  We  all  know 
of  the  founding  of  the  California  mis- 
sions by  the  Padres  and  the  glorious  part 
they  played  in  California  history.  Few 
realized  that  the  Chinese  founded  more 
than  a  hundred  temples  here,  dedicating 
them  to  scores  of  deities  such  as  Kuan  Yu, 
Goddess  of  Mercy,  the  Buddha,  Tien 
Hou,  Man  Chang,  Hou  Wang,  etc.  At 
least  three  quarters  of  those  erected  are 
gone,  being  demolished  or  consumed  by 
conflagration.  Here  again,  unless  in- 
quiries are  made  immediately,  it  will  be  too 
late. 

In  this  regard  I  would  also  get  the  his- 
tories of  all  the  important  Chinese  organ- 
izations in  America:  the  Chung  Wah  So- 
scieties  (known  as  Six  Companies.  Chi- 
nese   Societies,    etc.) ,   the    Free    Masons 


,„/«//>//////////,. 


«u.c 


I 


August,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  II 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


(Tse  Kung  Tong) ;  family  associations, 
district  organizations,  etc.  These  are  un- 
dergoing rapid  changes  of  a  fundamen- 
tal nature.  Very  few  living  today  real- 
ize that  the  Free  Masons  and  the  Six 
Companies  undertook  commercial  ven- 
tures at  the  beginning  of  their  existence. 
Unless  records  are  made,  the  nature  of 
these  organizations  will  be  unknown  to 
the  coming  generation.  It  may  be  of 
interest  to  know  that  many  of  these  or- 
ganizations own  land  and  other  proper- 
ties and  with  the  passing  of  the  last  mem- 
bers, these  may  go  unclaimed.  For  ex- 
ample, a  Chinese  Masonic  Temple — com- 
plete with  altar  and  sacred  objects — stands 
in  the  deserted  Chinatown  of  Colfax  with- 
out a  single  member! 

Of  course,  in  this  connection  I  would 
get  records  of  important  events  of  the 
Chinese  in  America,  conflagrations  of 
Chinatowns'  tong  wars,  labor  riots, 
achievements,  and  other  Chinatownia. 
From  bank  and  private  trusts  I  would 
try  to  get  an  idea  of  the  money  sent  to 
and  from  China  year  by  year.  And  from 
the  railroads  I  would  get  a  wealth  of  ma- 
terials on  the  extension  of  the  Chinese  to 
the  East.  A  summary  of  the  curios,  art 
objects,  and  other  trade  goods  imported 
to  America  as  well  as  the  introduction  of 
American  goods  into  China  by  the  Chinese 
here  would  disclose  telling  facts. 

Next  I  would  commission  indefatigable 
photographers  to  take  pictures  of  all  ex- 
isting Chinese  buildings,  whether  huts  or 
temples,  association  headquarters  or  fam- 
ily dwellings,  cemetaries  or  playgrounds. 
I  would  also  photograph  such  activities 
as  farming,  apple  drying,  shrimp  fishing, 
broom  manufacturing,  cigar  making,  etc. 

I  would  also  take  pictures  of  individ- 
uals, both  portrait  and  full  length,  pre- 
ferably against  a  hydrant  or  other  well- 
known  objects  so  as  to  give  relative  sizes. 
These  photographs  will  supplement  the 
valuable  anthropological  survey  which 
Mr.  Samuel  Dunn  Lee  is  making  of  the 
first  and  second  generation  Chinese.  Mr. 
Sam  Lee's  survey  is  the  kind  of  work 
our  lime-light  seeking  intellectuals  seem 
to  have  ignored  completely.  It  is  my  be- 
lief that  the  future  Chinese  in  America, 
because  of  changed  diet,  unconscious  mat- 
rimonial selection,  influence  of  a  domi- 
nent  race,  and  a  host  of  other  factors,  will 
be  taller,  handsomer,  lighter  in  complex- 
ion, less  hardy,  and  more  heterogeneous 
than  the  older  generations. 

Finally  I  would  give  joy  to  antiquarians 
by  furnishing  them  with   funds  to  buy 


Altar  of  the  Hou  Wang  Miao  at  the  mining  town  of  Grass  Valley.  Its  last  member  and  care- 
taker Ah  Fong  entered  the  Eternal  Pure  Land  two  years  ago.  Another  member,  the  late 
Lame  Duck,  lived  to  find  himself  a  respected  character.  His  funeral  a  few  years  back  was  at- 
tended by  scores  of  citizens  who  used  to  beat  and  stone  him.  A  native  son  of  Grass  Valley, 
Colonel  You  G.  Sun  is  fighting  in  the  Chinese  army.  Who  will  write  the  history  of  this 
interesting   Chinatown? 


such  implements  and  utensils  as  musical 
instruments,  cleavers,  wooden  pillows, 
mosquito  nettings,  fishing  nets,  scales  and 
balances,  eyeglasses,  mats,  cake  moulds, 
fish  scalers,  pin  feather  pickers,  fire  tongs, 
laundry  sprinklers,  medicine  pounders, 
shifters,  locks,  lanterns,  razors,  drills,  saws 
(shaped  like  a  cleaver,  remember?) ,  soy 
bean  custard  mould,  garments,  umbrellas, 
etc.  A  museum  housing  a  collection  of 
these  inexpensive  articles  will  throw  more 
light  on  the  early  Chinese  than  scores  of 
books  on  the  subject. 


NEWLYWEDS 
TO  REGISTER 

After  their  brilliant  wedding  at  Stan- 
ford University's  Memorial  chapel,  at- 
tended by  600,  Doris  Jane  Shoon,  18, 
and  Richard  Tarn,  21,  are  now  settling 
in  the  East  preparatory  to  the  enrollment 
for  collegiate  work  in  the  fall  semester. 
Richard  Tarn  is  registering  at  Columbia 
for  post-graduate  work  in  engineering 
while  Mrs.  Tarn  will  join  her  elder  sister, 
Betty,  at  Barnard  college. 


!> 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


NEW  CHINATOWNS  OPEN 
IN  LOS  ANGELES 

Los  Angles,  Calif. — Several  years  ago 
residents  of  this  city's  old  Chinatown, 
located  below  Alameda  and  Marches- 
sault  streets  and  Ferguson  alley,  were  in- 
formed that  the  land  on  which  their  quar- 
ters stood  had  been  purchased  and  was  to 
be  the  site  of  the  new  Union  depot.  The 
Chinese  merchants  were  given  notice  to 
vacate. 

But  the  merchants  hung  on  for  a  time, 
hoping  against  hope  that  the  depot  might 
be  built  on  another  place.  A  conservative 
people,  they  were  slow  to  take  action. 
They  had  been  there  for  something  like 
three  quarters  of  a  century,  and  when  any 
group  of  Chinese  has  settled  on  a  place 
so  long  it  is  reluctant  to  move.  An  edi- 
torial in  the  March,  1937,  issue  of  the 
Chinese  Digest  thus  described  the  coming 
of  the  first  Chinese  to  Los  Angeles: 

"In  the  1860's  the  first  Chinese  trekked 
into  Los  Angeles  from  the  northern  cities 
and  the  mines.  They  were  a  picturesque 
if  ignorant  lot,  and  they  chose  the  first 
available  and  centrally  located  space  to 
camp,  which  happened  to  be  next  to  the 
seat  of  authority  of  the  Mexican  govern- 
ment that  once  ruled  the  state.  Later, 
when  some  of  the  shrewd  ones  decided  that 
it  would  be  good  business  to  build  some 
substantial  quarters  there,  buildings  were 
erected  near  the  Plaza,  center  of  the  early 
social  and  commercial   life   of  the  city. 


Thus  old  Chinatown  came  into  existence. ' 

That  original  Chinatown  flourished 
for  several  decades.  Then  a  new  one 
came  into  being  a  little  distance  from  it, 
and  one  by  one  the  people  moved  there. 
The  old  Chinatown  was  reduced  to  a  place 
of  provision  stores,  restaurants,  bachelor 
quarters,  and  not  much  more.  Therefore, 
historically  speaking,  the  Chinese  here  had 
already  moved  their  quarters  once.  Now 
they  were  asked  to  migrate  once  more. 
Little  wonder  they  were  reluctant  to  do  so, 
and  some  fumed  against  it. 

But  last  year  a  definite  time  limit  was 
set  for  the  merchants  and  residents  of  old 
Chinatown  to  seek  new  quarters  and  move, 
or  be  put  out.  Faced  with  this  ultimatum, 
Chinese  merchants  and  professional  men 
and  women  met  to  draft  plans  for  a  pos- 
sible new  Chinatown. 

A  Los  Angeles  Chinatown  Association 
was  organized.  A  site  was  chosen — on 
North  Broadway  between  College  and 
Bernard  streets.  The  final  plan  called  for 
a  space  of  one  square  block,  enclosed  area, 
with  no  less  than  62  units  to  house  stores, 
restaurants,  bazaars,  living  quarters,  and 
business  offices. 

And  it  was  this  new  Chinatown  which 
was  opened  on  June  25,  1938.  A  bronze 
plaque  proclaimed  to  the  metropolis  that 
this  new  Chinatown  was  "Dedicated  to 
those  Chinese  pioneers  who  participated 
in  the  building  of  California."  Governor 
Frank  F.  Merriam,  who  was  present  per- 


sonally on  this  occasion  stressed  the  fact 
that  the  Chinese  played  a  great  part  in 
the  development  of  the  state. 

Although  only  18  of  the  contemplated 
62  units  were  completed  at  the  time  of 
the  opening,  those  who  had  actively 
worked  and  invested  in  this  new  commun- 
ity celebrated  the  occasion  in  a  manner 
typical  of  Chinese,  with  banquets,  fire- 
works, parade,  dragon  dance,  and  many 
speeches.  The  ceremonies  were  also  broad- 
cast over  local  station  KMTR,  with  Peter 
Soo  Hoo,  president  of  the  Los  Angeles 
Chinese- American  Citizens'  alliance,  and 
secretary  of  the  Chinatown  association, 
as  master  of  ceremonies. 

A  completely  walled-in  community,  the 
new  Chinatown  is  approached  through  a 
pai-lou,  triple-roofed  gateway  of  authen- 
tic Chinese  architecture.  Inside,  the  stores 
and  restaurants  are  likewise  Chinese  in 
style,  with  slanting,  jutting  roofs  of  semi- 
circular tiles  and  curving  eaves,  the  most 
distinctive  and  universal  note  of  Chinese 
building  exteriors. 

This  new  Chinatown  is  the  only  Chi- 
nese community  in  America  which  was 
planned  beforehand,  something  which  is 
typical  of  the  present  American  trend  of 
community  planning.  Whether  it  will 
live  up  to  the  expectations  of  those  who 
are  responsible  for  its  birth  remains  for 
the  future  to  decide.  However,  there  is  at 
least  one  thing  it  may  do,  and  it  is  ex- 
pressed by  one  of  the  younger  men:  "This 


417-425  Tenth  Street,  Oakland 
Cocktail  Lounge;  Banquet  and  Dancing  Hall;  Chinese  American  and  Sea  Foods.  Largest  Chinese  Cafe  on  Coast  Floor  Shows 
Nightly.    Tuesday — Free  Shrimp  Cocktail  Party  from  11   P.  M.  to  2  A.  M.;  Wednesday — Amateur  Night,  3  Prizes;  Thursday 
— Carnival  Night.    New  Floor  Shows  commence  every  Friday  .    No  Cover  Charge.    Lunch,  Dinner,  and  Evening  Parties. 


August,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   13 


CHINATOWNIA 


new  community  will  offer  and  materially 
aid  in  providing  employment  and  oppor- 
tunities to  the  younger  group." 

The  only  dark  cloud  on  the  sliver  lining 
of  the  new  Chinatown  is  that  there  are  two 
other  new  "Chinatowns"  in  the  same  city 
— one  already  opened  and  one  under  con- 
struction. The  first  is  "China  City,"  en- 
gineered by  Mrs.  Christine  Sterling  and 
actively  backed  by  the  publisher  of  the 
L.  A.  Times.  "China  City"  was  designed 
as  a  tourist  attraction  only  and  one  of 
its  features  are  ricksha  rides.  The  whole 
thing  is  synthetic,  far  removed  from  the 
spirit  and  substance  of  a  real  Chinatown. 

A  third  "Chinatown"  is  to  be  near  the 
site  of  the  old  Chinatown,  on  Alameda 
street.  Its  backer  is  said  to  be  a  San 
Francisco  man,  L.  W.  Hanchett.  His 
aim  is  to  "rehabilitate"  the  old  China- 
town, but  so  far  little  has  been  done. 

But  the  new  Chinatown  on  North 
Broadway  will  be  the  true  and  repre- 
sentative Chinese  community  here,  and 
will  carry  on  and  promote  the  commercial 
activities  previously  done  at  the  old  China- 
town. This  community  will  be,  as  one  of 
the  young  business  men  said,  "A  monu- 
ment to  the  older  generations  and  the  fu- 
ture home  of  the  younger  and  coming 
generations."  William  Hoy. 


Four  American  ambulances,  bought 
by  Chinese  laundrymen  in  New  York, 
recently  arrived  in  Hong  Kong,  aboard 
the  steamer  Greystoke  Castle,  for  use  by 
China's  heroic  defenders.  When  the  ves- 
sel reached  Manila,  Chinese  at  that  place 
added  two  more  ambulances  to  the  cargo, 
as  well  as  fifteen  huge  containers  of 
American  aviation  parts,  enough  to  build 
fifteen  warplanes. 


Hong  Kong,  July  28.  Two  Chinese 
children  arriving  from  Balboa,  Canal 
Zone,  bear  the  name  of  Francisco  Hitler 
Chang,  5  years  old,  and  Vittorio  Hinden- 
burg  Chang,  3  years  old.  Friends  of  the 
children's  father  suggested  that  the  names 
be  changed  to  Roosevelt  Chang  and  Eton 
Chang. 

o 

Mr.  Frank  Lee  arrived  in  San  Fran- 
cisco from  Hong  Kong  on  the  Dollar 
liner  President  Coolidge,  July  18,  on  a 
commission  to  study  the  possibility  of 
placing  a  large  collection  of  Chinese  art 
objects  at  the  New  York  or  the  Golden 
Gate  fair.  Mr.  Frank  Lee,  younger  bro- 
ther of  Lee  Luchao,  director  of  the  Can- 
ton Kowloon  Railways,  is  a  former  stu- 
dent at  the  University  of  California. 


Chester  Gon  (upper  section  of  cut)  colorful  villain,  cut-throat.  Jolly  Rogers,  belly  good  cookie 
and  number  one  boy  in  hundreds  of  features,  seeks  relaxation  from  the  strenuous  life  of  Holly- 
wood by  beating  the  Big  Gong  whose  vibration  is  perceptable  a  full  minute  after  it  is  struck. 
China,  state,  city,  and  county  officials  were  represented  at  the  dedication  ceremonies  of 
the  new  Chinatown  at  Los  Angeles  recently.  On  the  platform  may  be  seen  Governor  Frank 
F.  Merriam  in  the  center,  with  Mrs.  Merriam  at  his  right,  while  behind  her  stands  Anna 
May  Wong,  Chinese  motion  picture  actress.  Consul  T.  K.  Chang  is  next  to  Mrs.  Merriam. 
At  the  microphone  is  Peter  Soo  Hoo,  while  the  man  in  back  of  him,  holding  a  Panama  hat, 
is  Mayor  Frank  Shaw  of  Los  Angeles.  The  band  was  playing  the  Chinese  national  anthem  when 
this  picture  was  taken.     (See  story  on  page  12.) 


Page   14 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


August,  1938 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

H.  K.  Wong    


The  Chinese  Patriotic  league's  "Save- 
a-Life"  dance  is  the  next  big  benefit  event 
sponsored  by  the  young  folks  on  Aug. 
13  at  the  Native  Son's  hall  on  Mason 
street.  This  organization,  which  proved 
to  be  one  of  the  hardest  working  units 
in  the  various  war  benefit  affairs,  an- 
nounces that  the  hall  will  be  completely 
decorated  in  Chinese  motif.  Everyone  is 
urged  to  attend  and  to  bring  his  friends. 
Remember,  all  you  have  to  do  to  save  a 
life  in  China  is  to  buy  some  raffle  tickets. 
We  should  be  glad  to  do  even  more.  And 
besides,  there  will  be  three  grand  prizes 
and  numerous  others.  The  first  prize  is  a 
•studio  couch,  the  second,  a  season's  pass 
to  the  San  Francisco  World's  fair,  and 
the  third,  a  valuable  Chinese  vase. 

Most  of  our  Chinese  people  were 
garbed  in  native  costumes  during  the 
recent  sensational,  successful  Rice  Bowl 
party  here  in  S.  F.  We  found  them  well- 
fitting,  good-looking,  colorful,  comfort- 
able, and  extremely  suitable  for  such  an 
occasion.  Some  of  these  clothes  have  been 
in  month  balls  for  lo,  these  many  years. 
Why  shouldn't  we  take  them  out  and  wear 
them  during  our  annual  festivals,  holi- 
days, and  Chinese  New  Years?  In  order 
to  do  this,  we  must  have  the  whole-hearted 
cooperation  of  everyone  and  the  united  ef- 
forts of  all  organizations.  The  Chinese 
Patriotic  league  has  started  the  ball  roll- 
ing by  announcing  that  all  should  come 
to  this  dance  in  Chinese  costumes.  Per- 
haps some  aggressive,  young  group  such 
as  the  Chinese  Junior  chamber  of  com- 
merce could  take  up  this  idea  and  put 
it  over.  The  girls  are  so  beautiful  and 
the  men  so  handsome  in  their  Chinese 
gowns!  !  .  .  . 

Chitena,  after  half  a  year  of  social  in- 
activity, bursts  through  its  shell  of  leth- 
argy and  announces  a  '39er  Launch 
Cruise.   There  has  been  a  dearth  of  out- 


DR.  FRANK  YORK  LEE. 

PHYSICIAN  and  SURGEON 
OSTEOPATH 

Takes  pleasure  to  announce  to  you  the 
opening   of   his   office   at 

817  South  Vermont  Avenue 

Los  Angeles,  California 

Day  and  Night  Phone  Fltzroy  6070 


ings,  launch  rides,  and  similar  affairs 
locally,  this  season.  Hence  this  idea  is  a 
timely  one.  Dr.  Theodore  Lee  promises 
this  to  be  a  big  event,  for  one  of  the  ace 
features  will  be  a  tour  around  Treasure 
island  for  a  preview  of  the  S.  F.  World's 
fair.  An  amateur  photography  contest, 
the  first  among  us  Chinese,  will  bring  a 
multitude  of  camera  fans  out  to  shoot  for 
the  many  valuable  prizes.  Official  judges 
of  this  contest  are  Wallace  long,  the 
"Chinese  Digest's"  lensman,  Yee  Wong, 
well-known  portrait  artist,  and  Ton  Wong 
Lee,  ace  cameraman.  .  .  .  Games,  a  re- 
view of  the  mercantile  fleet  in  San  Fran- 
cisco bay,  and  dancing  will  be  some  of  the 
other  features  of  this  excursion.  Enter- 
tainment chairman,  Henry  "Milkman" 
Lum  whispered  that  he  has  something 
different  in  the  way  of  entertainment  on 
tap.  The  local  tennis  club  will  also  play 
host  to  the  Salinas  Chinese  Tennis  team 
with  a  picnic  during  the  tennis  match  at 
the  Golden  Gate  park  courts  on  August 
14.  A  reception  is  also  awaiting  the  com- 
bined Portland  and  Seattle  team  which 
will  invade  California  in  August.  Fay 
Chong,  Henry  Chin,  Andrew  Chin,  and 
playing  manager,  George  Louie  are  spon- 
sored by  the  Seattle  Tennis  team;  War- 
ren Moe,  Kay  Chinn,  and  playing  man- 
ager Edgar  Lee,  by  the  Wah  Kiang  club 
of  Portland.  Oakland  Chinese  will  also 
entertain  the  team  with  a  dinner  dance 
after  their  match.  The  ambitious  playing 
schedule  of  the  northwest  team  will  be  as 
follows:  Oakland,  Aug.  14;  Fresno,  Aug. 
19;  Los  Angeles,  Aug.  24;  and  winding 
up  in  San  Francisco  on  the  28th.  Port- 
land and  Seattle  have  been  planning  for 
such  a  tour  for  some  years.  This  season, 
with  George  Louie  and  Edgar  Lee  com- 
bining their  efforts,  this  trip  will  be  made 
possible.  .  .  . 

The  hardest  working  musical  organiza- 
tion among  the  Chinese  for  War  Relief 
purposes  is  the  Cathayans  orchestra.  It 
has  been  praised  by  Counsul  C.  C.  Huang 
and  the  Chinese  War  Relief  association 
for  its  War  Relief  work.  This  now  fa- 
mous dance  band  has  played  for  good- 
will and  war  relief  dances  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, Fresno,  Hanford,  Monterey,  Wat- 
sonville,  Salinas,  Vallejo,  and  other  cities. 
They  have  always  donated  their  services 
to  patriotic  Chinese  and  will  continue  to 
do  so.  Over  $10,000  has  already  been 
raised  on  these  out-of-town  dances.  As 
a  gauge  to  their  popularity,  they  have 
played  18  engagements  in  the  first  seven 


months  of  last  year  and  21  engagements 
for  the  first  seven  months  of  this  year. 
For  the  benefit  of  many  out-of-town  read- 
ers, we  should  like  to  give  you  the  person- 
nel of  this  orchestra.  The  manager- 
director  of  this  well-knit  band  of  musi- 
cians is  Edward  Quon,  well-known  local 
insurance  broker  who  plays  the  trumpet. 
The  leader  is  David  Sum,  pianist.  The 
saxes  and  clarinets  are  handled  by  Wil- 
liam Chan,  Robert  Wong,  Kenneth  Lee, 
and  Fred  Young.  Winfred  Lee  and  Wil- 
liam Wong  do  ably  with  their  trumpets, 
as  does  William  Lee  with  the  trombone. 
Taking  care  of  the  drumming  chores  is 
Fred  Wong.  Joseph  Sum  manages  the 
bass  cello.  Ted  Lee  is  guitarist,  and 
Frances  Chung  and  Dudley  Lee  are  the 
vocalists.  .  .  . 

More  and  more  of  our  young  Chinese 
are  going  in  for  bowling  in  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  San  Francisco,  San  Diego, 
Vallejo,  and  other  cities.  Interest  in  this 
indoor  pastime  has  grown  by  leaps  and 
bounds.  Bowlers  have  organized  into 
teams  and  entered  leagues  to  match  their 
skill  on  the  maple  ways.  Livewires  Phillip 
Lowe  and  Bill  Wong  heeded  the  demand 
for  a  bowling  alley  in  Chinatown  and  have 
recently  opened  the  Chinese  Bowling  Al- 
leys where  nightly  the  crowd  gathers  for 
"strikes"  and  "spares."  I  have  been  mys- 
tified by  the  sudden  appearance  of  so 
many  torn  but  otherwise  well-groomed 
finger  nails  among  the  girls  till  I  wan- 
dered into  the  alleys  the  other  night  and 
found  the  place  fairly  swamped  by  lady 
bowlers  who  think  it  nothing  to  heave  a 
16-  or  18-pound  ball  down  the  alley  in 
keen  competition  against  the  boy  friend. 
At  the  present,  Lily  Hing  Chang  is  the 
bowler  of  her  sex.  She  is  as  proficient  with 
duck  pins  as  with  tenpins.  .  .  .Andrew  S. 
Yuke  is  quite  an  ambitious  young  hus- 
band. He's  a  salesman  by  day  and  a 
pianist  by  night.  He  is  the  Chinese  man- 
ager of  Howards  Incorporated  and  adds 
to  the  family  treasury  by  tinkling  the  pi- 
ano at  the  Twin  Dragon  nightly.  ...  A 
former  Los  Angelan  Clarence  K.  Ung, 
ex-track  and  basketball  star  of  the  south- 
ern metropolis,  is  the  young  chap  who 
beams  at  you  from  behind  the  counter 
at  Gallenkamp's.  .  .  .  Laura  Lowe,  who 
recently  graduated  from  Munson's  Sec- 
retarial school,  is  a  wide-awake  lass.  She 
is  busy  taking  civil  service  examinations 
and  is  looking  ahead  for  a  job.  .  .  .  Con- 
gratulations to  Virginia  Quon  and  Peter 
Choy  who  honeymooned  down  the  beau- 


X& 


,    i 


August,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  15 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

H.  K.  Wong    


tiful  Monterey  peninsula.  .  .  .  July  was 
the  "double-up"  date  for  Mary  Wu  and 
Harry  Jue.  The  bride's  father,  Reverend 
Wu,  performed  the  ceremony.  .  .  .  Jue 
is  a  U.  C.  man  and  is  a  social  worker 
of  Alameda  county.  .  .  .  Jane  Haw, 
after  a  ten  years'  stay  in  China,  returned 
to  this  city.  She  lived  in  Kouloon  which 
she  likes  very  much  and  may  soon  be 
going  back  again.  .  .  .  Dr.  Ted  Farn 
Lee,  leading  chiropractor  of  Grass  Valley, 
was  a  recent  visitor  to  S.  F.  .  .  .  Richard 
Tom  of  U.  S.  C.  was  another  visitor. 
.  .  .  Lucille  Fong,  whom  I  reported  would 
attend  U.  S.  C,  but  whom  my  typesetter 
moved  to  U.  C,  has  been  vacationing  in 
this  city.  .  .  .  George  Chung,  known  as 
"Clark  Gable"  to  his  friends  now  has  a 
business  of  his  own.  He  started  on  open 
air  art  goods  stand,  the  first  to  be  opened 
here  in  Chinatown,  and  is  doing  all  right. 
.  .  .  Janie  Koe  and  Frances  Loo  were 
visitors  to  Portland  .  .  .  Another  visitor 
was  Marian  Fong  who  also  made  a  tour 
of  the  East.  While  in  New  York  she 
hit  all  the  bright  night  spots  on  Broad- 
way. .  .  .  Ella  and  Ruby  Coe  went  home 
to  Portland  with  nothing  but  praise  for 
the  Isle  of  Paradise.  Among  their  hosts 
were  the  Fat-Sun  club  (one  of  the  most 
popular  Chinese  clubs) ,  Milo  Lum,  the 
dancing  maestro;  Sai  Chow  Doo,  the  well- 
known  attorney;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phillip  K. 
Chang;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Ching;  Rose 
and  Rosaline  Wong;  Dorothy  Nip;  Al- 
bert Ing;  and  Bill  Young.  Upon  their 
arrival  in  San  Francisco  one  member  of 
our  staff  post-hasted  to  the  corner  florist 
and  immediately  sent  them  two  dozen 
American  Beauty  roses.  .  .  .  Sisters  Rosie 
and  Margaret  Coe  returned  to  Portland 
after  a  tour  of  California;  while  they  were 
in  San  Francisco  one  of  the  public  offices 
declared  a  moratorium  on  efficiency. . . . 
Ling  and  Jack  Chew,  formerly  of  Los 
Angeles,  now  of  Portland,  have  been  va- 
cationing in  the  South.  .  .  .  Lucille  Lee, 
who  has  been  studying  at  Cal,  stayed  over 
in  Portland  while  en  route  home  to  Spo- 
kane. .  .  .  Congratulations  to  Jennie 
Lew  who  won  the  girls'  singles  champion- 
ship of  the  tennis  tournament  sponsored 
by  the  Portland  Junior  Chinese  association 
and  to  Kay  Chinn  who  won  the  men's 
singles  title.  .  .  .  Peggy  Koe  of  Astoria 
is  now  keeping  the  books  for  the  family 
firm  in  San  Francisco.  .  .  .  "Smokey" 
Joe  Wong  once  went  on  a  trip  to  Stock- 
ton, a  town  75  miles  away.    He  started 


jj]r'ai*/irrfir'  fcjy 

Tiyr-off  Hunr 


11  It  u/orrt  be  long  nou/" 


by  QUU 


from  Oakland  and  after  driving  an  hour 
on  the  road  at  60  miles  an  hour,  stepped 
to  ascertain  his  route.  The  sign  informed 
him  that  he  was  still  on  the  outskirts  of 
Oakland  and  five  miles  further  away  than 
when  he  started!!!  Guess  he  must  have 
used  the  same  compass  that  Corrigan  used 
on  his  flight  across  the  Atlantic.  .  .  . 
Eugene  Choy,  who  graduated  from  U. 
S.  C,  came  to  our  city  for  a  brief  vaca- 
tion. While  at  college,  he  was  a  student 
assistant  at  the  Architectural  school,  presi- 
dent of  the  S.  C.  Chinese  Students'  associ- 
ation, and  president  of  the  Cosmopolitan 
club.  ...  A  little  late  but  better  than 
never.  During  the  4th  of  July  week  end 


at  Watsonville,  Pearl  Seid's  holiday  was 
(Continued  on  page  16) 


P>Uced. 

— in  full  line  of  expert-  beauty 
service  of  distinction 

PAGODA  BEAUTY  SHOPPE 

607  Broadway 
(by  Columbo   Hotel) 
Phone:  0606 


Poge   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


August,  1938 


SPORTS 


-By   Dovisson   Lee- 


PACIFIC  COAST 
TENNIS  TOURNAMENT 

Thursday,  Sept.  15,  is  the  date  defi- 
nitely selected  to  begin  play  of  the  Pa- 
cific Coast  tournament.  The  largest  Chi- 
nese tournament  sponsored  by  the  San 
Francisco  lodge  of  the  Chinese  Amer- 
ican alliance  and  the  Chinese  tennis  club 
will  have  four  weeks  of  continuous  play 
with  the  finals  on  Sunday,  Oct.  9. 

Good  news!  It  has  been  confirmed 
that  the  entire  court  is  to  be  resurfaced 
and  the  night  court  will  be  available  for 
those  whose  work  prevents  them  from 
participating  during  the  day.  Sundays 
will  be  set  aside  for  the  "out  of  town" 
players.  You  have  no  excuses  whatso- 
ever for  not  entering.  Remember,  last 
day  of  entries  is  Tuesday,  Sept.  13,  at 
6  p.m.  (Drawings  to  be  held  later  in  the 
evening.)  Send  or  bring  them  to  the 
club's  headquarters  at  876  Sacramento 
street. 

SPORT  SHORTS 

Portland,  Oregon — A  picked  team  of 
netsters  from  Portland  and  Seattle,  led 
by  Edgar  Lee,  will  tour  California,  meet- 
ing and  playing  the  various  Chinese 
teams.  Their  crucial  match  will  be  with 
the  strong  Chitena  club  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, the  date  being  set  for  August  28. 

San  Francisco — The  Chinatown  Mer- 
chants copped  a  double  header  in  their 
exhibition  games  on  Sunday,  July  17,  at 
Hayward  playground.  In  the  opener  they 
defeated  the  White  House  17  to  5  and 
downed  the  Filipino  club  in  a  close  game 
of  4  to  3. 

San  Francisco — For  the  first  time  dur- 
ing their  three  years  of  competitive  play- 
ing, the  Salinas  Tennis  team  will  invade 
San  Francisco  to  play  Chitena  on  Sunday, 
August   14,  at  the   Golden  Gate   park. 

San  Francisco — The  return  of  John 
Tseng,  from  China,  former  leading  ten- 
nis player,  will  add  strength  to  the  Chit- 
ena club. 

FIELD  DAY 

San  Francisco — The  Chinese  play- 
ground was  represented  at  a  girl's  Field 
day  at  Funston  playground,  June  24, 
1938.  They  participated  and  emerged 
victorious  in  a  basketball  game,  defeat- 
ing Funston  30  to  14  and  winning  against 
a  combined  team  in  kickball    10  to   7. 


K£r 


PICNICS 

San  Francisco — The  Chinese  Play- 
ground Annual  picnic  was  held  at  Gil- 
man  beach,  Friday,  July  17.  Over  fifty 
girls  and  boys  accompanied  Mr.  Oliver 
Chang,  popular  director.  He  was  assist- 
ed by  Mary  Chan,  Thomas  Yep,  and 
Hong  Lowe. 

Softball,  Volley  ball,  and  swimming 
were  the  events  of  the  day  followed  by  a 
wiener  bake  and  a  watermelon  feed. 

MEI  WAH 

San  Francisco — July  20,  the  Mei  Wah 
club  acted  as  hostess  to  the  C.  D.  A. 
Girls  at  the  Baptist  church.  Merriment 
reigned  for  several  hours  and  was  not 
quieted  until  refreshments  were  served. 
BOWLING 

San  Francisco — Ever  since  "Smoky 
Joe"  Wong  and  Phillip  Lowe  had  their 
Grand  Opening  at  639  California  street 
on  Saturday,  July  16,  that  ten  pin  game 
has  become  increasingly  popular.  Com- 
pletely renovated,  the  Chinese  Bowling 
Alleys  is  being  patronized  by  both  young 
and  old.  Everyone  is  trying  for  the  high 
score  of  the  week  and  markers  (strikes 
and  spares)  are  the  order  of  the  day. 
Various  weights  and  grips  are  to  your 
choosing  with  the  new  slanted  grips, 
an  aid  placed  to  your  advantage.  The 
Alleys  is  opened  from  11  a.m.  to  1  p.m. 
So  let's  go  bowling. 

PING  PONG 

San  Francisco — Those  who  wish  to 
try  out  for  the  various  classes  for  the 
City  Playground  tournament  should  sign 
up  at  the  Chinese  playground. 


SOFTBALL 

San  Francisco — The  Chinatown  Mer- 
chants have  not  fared  so  well  in  the  Rec- 
reation league,  as  their  record  reads  one 
win  and  two  defeats.  But  they  have  been 
playing  creditable  ball. 
Chinatown  Merchants  4 
George  H.  Casey  13 

Hit  hard  by  vacation  time  and  the 
early  schedule  of  the  game,  manager 
Joe  Chew  just  managed  to  gather  to- 
gether the  necessary  ten  for  the  game. 
Chinatown  Merchants  7 
S.  P.  Shop  2 

In  this  game  airtight  fielding  and  time- 
ly hitting  went  to  upset  the  S.  P.  shop, 
one  of  the  leading  contenders,  and  broke 
their  winning  streak  of  14  games.  This 
showed  the  Chinatown  Merchants'  abil- 


ity to  hit  a  pitcher  who  has  fanned  nine 
straight  batters. 
Chinatown  Merchants  6 
Polack  Printing  10 

Bothered  by  a  dense  fog  and  several 
close  decisions  the  Chinatown  Merchants 
started  a  belated  rally  in  the  5th  inning, 
when  they  scored  five  runs.  Time  limit 
prevented  them  from  playing  out  the 
seven  innings. 


ROAMING  'ROUND 

(Continued  from  page  15) 
spoiled  by  the  loss  of  her  engagement  ring. 
This  precious  ring  was  given  to  her  by  her 
fiance,  U.  C.  senior  Wally  Lee.  .  .  . 
Eddie  and  Gwendolyn  Hall,  Betty  Choye, 
Pauline  Gee,  Harvey  Tom,  Pauline  Wing, 
and  Alfred  Foo  are  some  of  the  delegates 
from  Vallejo  for  the  Lake  Tahoe  con- 
ference which  will  be  held  again  at  Zeph- 
yr's Point.  .  .  .  Vallejo's  Nu-Chi  A.  C 
lost  James  Hong,  one  of  its  star  players, 
who  was  recently  transferred  to  Spokane, 
Washington.  This  ambitious  athletic  or- 
ganization, besides  specializing  in  soft- 
ball,  also  has  tennis  and  bowling  teams. 
Henry  Hing  captains  the  bowling  team 
which  has  two  girl  bowlers,  Ada  Hall  and 
Emma  Wong.  .  .  .  Recently  returned 
from  a  pleasant  motor  trip  are  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Gee  Fong  of  Vallejo  with  daughter 
Pauline  and  sons  Ralph,  Allan,  and  Tom- 
my. .  .  .  The  Fong  family  of  Leslie, 
Martha,  Henry,  Mrs.  Taft  Fong,  and 
Mrs.  Ira  Lee  returned  from  a  tour  of 
Seattle,  Washington.  .  .  .  Another  Val- 
lejoan  planning  for  a  vacation  is  Merle 
Moon  who  will  visit  the  Grand  Canyon. 
Dolores  Wing  plans  to  enter  Cal  next 
semester  to  take  up  journalism.  She  was 
editor  of  her  high  school  paper  and,  aj  her 
friends  say,  "is  a  simple,  country  maiden 
with  no  private  life."  .  .  .  Ralph  Jung  of 
Philadelphia  returned  from  a  pleasant  so- 
journ down  south  in  Savanah,  Ga.  .  .  . 
Away  for  the  summer  to  Pittsburgh  are 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Wong.  .  .  .  Prov- 
ing that  the  sun  is  just  as  hot  in  Philly  as 
it  is  in  California,  Dr.  F.  K.  Tsao  and 
Emmie  and  Mary  Sing  are  showing  the 
results  of  a  day  at  the  swimming  pool — a 
thick  coat  of  tan.  .  .  .  Raymond  Wong 
Toy  enjoyed  our  city  lights.  .  .  .  Leroy 
Young  visited  Frisco  to  inspect  the  Chi- 
nese Health  center  before  returning  to 
interne  at  the  Pennsylvania  hospital.  .  .  . 
Enjoying  a  long  rest  in  S.  F.  from  the 
Bakersfield  heat  is  Mrs.  Ruth  Leong 
Ching. 


August,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge   17 


SPORTS 


Mrs.  Dorothy  Lee  of  Weaverville  and 
her  sister  Bessie  Sue  of  Bakersfield  left 
San  Francisco  after  a  pleasant  visit  as 
delegates  to  the  International  Rotary  con- 
vention. .  .  .  Ray  Wong  of  Stockton  has 
two  talented  brothers.  .  .  .  One  is  Irving, 
who  recently  completed  a  miniature  model 
airplane  (constructing  the  engine  and  all) 
which  actually  flies;  another  is  Warren 
who  recently  won  the  first  prize  in  a  water 
color  contest  held  at  Stockton. 

Miss  Gladys  Chen  of  Chicago  and 
Vice  Consul  G.  H.  Wang  of  Chicago  an- 
nounced their  engagement.  .  .  .  Miss 
Helen  Wong  whom  our  readers  will  re- 
member meeting  in  San  Luis  Obispo  was 
married  recently  .  .  .  best  luck  to  Helen 
and  Tommy.  .  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George 
Leong  and  children  left  for  a  two  week's 
photo-taking  vacation  in  Grand  canyon; 
George,  who  is  manager  of  the  National 
Dollar  Stores,  Watsonville  branch,  plans 
to  snap  pictures  of  Boulder  dam  and  Zion 
National  park  also. 

And  a  happy  vacation  to  you  all.  .  .  . 
o 

PORTLAND  ORGANIZES 
CHINESE  CIVIC  GROUP 

Portland,  Oregon— Recently  formed 
here  was  the  Junior  Chinese  association, 
with  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  gen- 
eral welfare  of,  cultivating  good  will  for, 
and  upholding  the  rights  of  the  Chinese 
people  in  this  city.  With  membership 
limited  to  men  and  women  of  voting  age, 
the  organization  was  established  with  29 
charter  members,  and  has  since  increased 
to  over  50.  Only  three  members  are  non- 
citizens. 

President  of  the  JCA  is  Jack  Chew, 
manager  of  the  Portland  branch  of  the 
National  Dollar  Store.  Other  officers 
include  Dr.  Kenneth  C.  Lum,  M.  D., 
Young  Lee,  Mrs.  James  Jower,  and  Ed- 
gar Lee. 

To  date  the  JCA  has  participated  in 
several  civic  and  community  affairs,  has 
secured  employment  for  several  elderly 
Chinese,  started  a  tap-dancing  class,  and 
publishes  a  club  bulletin  called  The  Lan- 
tern. A  campaign  has  been  inaugurated 
to  have  all  Chinese  eligible  to  vote,  to 
register  and  do  so.  Because  of  its  all- 
inclusive  program  and  its  membership 
consisting  of  many  active  young  people, 
the  organization  bids  fair  to  become  the 
most  influential  one  among  the  younger 
generation  here. 

(The  foregoing  item  was  held  over 
from  a  previous  issue  due  to  lack  of 
space.) 


By  Davisson  Lee 


Pretty  Choy  Kin  Hing  displaying  fine  bowling  form  as  she   concentrated  all  her  effort  for  a 
"strike"  at  the  Chinese  Bowling  Alleys. 


PLAYGROUND 
ILLUMINATED 

After  months  of  battle  on  the  part  of 
the  hard-hitting  Chinese  America  Citizen 
alliance,  in  cooperation  with  numerous 
civic-minded  bodies  and  individual  citi- 
zens, the  playground  is  now  equipped 
with  an  efficient  Crouse-Hinds  Lighting 
system,  doubling  the  usefulness  of  this 
important  center.  "Chinatown  has  less 
playground  space  per  capita  than  any 
other  district  in  San  Francisco,"  said 
prominent  C.  A.  C.  A.  officials,  "and  the 
light  will  enable  large  sections  of  the 
community  to  have  recreation  after 
work." 

"The  installation  costs  approximately 
seven    thousand    dollars.     Through    the 


W.  P.  A.  fund,  the  Federal  government 
will  furnish  $4,230  while  the  Recreation 
commission    will    supply    the    remaining 

$2,818. 


tyana  Wan 

23rd   Year   in    Oakland 

HERBS  FOR  VARIOUS  ILLS 

576  Tenth  St.  Oakland 

Phone  Hlgate  3767 

Daily  10  A.  M.  to  7  P.  M. 
Sundays  9  A.  M.  to   12  Noon 


Page   18 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


August,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINA  TO  BE  REPRESENTED 
AT  WORLD  YOUTH 
CONGRESS 

China  will  be  represented  by  a  delega- 
tion of  20  at  the  Second  World  Youth 
congress  to  be  held  from  Aug.  1  to  23 
in  Vassar  college,  New  York,  to  study 
various  aspects  of  peace  and  the  contri- 
bution which  youths  of  the  world  can 
make  toward  its  genuine  realization.  The 
Chinese  mission  will  be  essentially  one  of 
good  will. 

Twelve  of  the  delegates  will  be  selected 
from  among  the  Chinese  students  already 
in  America.  The  remaining  eight,  includ- 
ing three  girls,  have  left  Hong  Kong  and 
will  be  in  America  by  Aug.  9. 

Among  the  delegates  from  China  will 
be  Miss  Yang  Hui-min,  a  heroine  of  the 
present  war.  Her  name  circled  the  globe 
last  November  when  she  daringly  took 
a  Chinese  flag  to  the  "Doomed  Battalion" 
in  Chapei.  This  21-year-old  student  was 
a  native  of  Chinkiang,  capital  of  Kiangsu 
province. 

She  was  a  student  at  the  San  Min  Girls' 
Middle  School  of  Nanking,  where  she 
distinguished  herself  in  scholarship  and  as 
an  athlete.  When  Manchuria  was  in- 
vaded in  1931,  she  and  her  fellow  stu- 
dents formed  a  Blood  and  Iron  corps, 
proceeded  to  Manchuria,  and  joined  the 
volunteer  fighters  against  the  Japanese. 
Immediately  upon  the  outbreak  of  the 
present  Japanese  invasion  she  joined  the 
War  Service  corps  in  Shanghai. 

A  reception  to  the  Chinese  delegates 
will  be  held  on  Aug.  10  in  San  Francisco 
after  they  have  flown  from  Vancouver, 
B.  C,  by  airplane.  Another  reception  will 
be  held  in  New  York  City  on  Aug.  13  be- 
fore the  opening  of  the  congress. 


SURVEYING  WATSONVILLE 
CHINATOWN 

{Continued  from  page  7) 
While  in  Watsonville  the  staff  marvel- 
led at  the  swankily  uniformed  Chinese 
Drum  and  Bugle  corps.  Besides  partici- 
pating in  local  parades  they  also  marched 
for  the  Monterey  Chinatown  and  the 
Salinas  Colmo  de  Rodeo  parade.  An  amus- 
ing incident  arose  in  the  Rodeo  parade 
when  the  tightly  stretched  drum  of  Hazel 
Wong  burst  from  the  excessive  noon- 
day heat. 

Their  most  recent  showing  was  at  the 
Fourth  of  July  parade.  In  this  parade 
the  Chinese  float  had  Marion  Dong  as 
the  Goddess  of  Liberty,  surrounded  by 
lovely  Bette  Eng,  Eva  Shew,  Rose  Jang 
May  Lee,  Mae  Wong,  Dorothy  Wong, 


Evelyn  Lew,  and  Ada  Chan.  In  the  Ro- 
tary International  float  little  Thelma 
Chinn  represented  China.  Winning  the 
acclaim  of  the  spectators  was  the  Chung 
Mei  Home  Drill  team.  They  were  award- 
ed first  prize  for  fancy  marching. 


SAN  FRANCISCO  CHINA- 
TOWN'S LABOR  PROBLEMS 

(Continued  from  page  6) 
Arbitration  of  Labor  Disputes 

The  Chinese  employers  should  utilize 
the  peace  machinery  of  the  community 
such  as  the  Chinese  Six  Companies,  the 
Chinese  Peace  society  and  the  family  and 
benevolent  associations  to  settle  their  em- 
ployer-employee relationships.  The  em- 
ployees on  the  other  hand  should  accept 
the  mediation  and  the  arbitration  of  their 
difficulties  with  the  employers  by  these  im- 
partial agencies,  which  in  the  past  have 
helped  to  stabilize  the  Chinese  warring 
factions  in  early  California  history.  Surely 
our  labor  problems  could  be  no  worse 
than  the  early  tong  wars,  yet  they  were  all 
settled  through  the  right  channels.  The 
place  to  settle  our  labor  problems  is  right 
here  in  Chinatown. 

(To  be  continued) 


NEWS  FROM 
CANTON 

(Continued  from  page  3) 
plies  Hankow  with  the  necessities  of  war 
via  Hong  Kong.  The  trains  run  at  night 
without  any  headlights.  Repair  crews  are 
hidden  all  along  the  entire  length  of  the 
road  at  ten  mile  intervals.  Whenever  a 
section  of  the  road  is  damaged,  the  work- 
ers rush  there  to  fill  up  the  hole  with 
earth  held  in  readiness  in  baskets  and 
sacks.  The  engineering  section  rushes  to 
the  spot  with  equipment  and  rails.  In 
but  a  few  hours  the  road  is  in  running 
condition  again. 


12.000,000  CHINESE 
ABROAD 

Honolulu,  T.H. — At  the  present  time 
there  are  approximately  11,985,000  Chi- 
nese living  outside  of  China.  They  have 
migrated  all  over  the  world  and  their 
number  may  be  roughly  divided  as  fol- 
lows: 

Formosa  4,000,000;  Philippines,  2,500,- 
000;  British  Malaya  1,800,000;  Dutch 
East  Indies  1,232,000;  Hong  Kong  1,- 
057,980;  Burma  345,000;  Siberia  300,- 
000;  Macao  152,960;  Korea  90,000;  Uni- 
ted States  85,000;  Cuba  and  West  Indies 
85,000;  Central  and  South  America  80,- 
000;  Canada  65,000;  British  North  Bor- 


neo 60,000;  Hawaii  27,000;  Japan  20,- 
000;  Mexico  20,000;  Australia  18,000; 
Europe  15,000;  South  Pacific  Islands  12,- 
000;  New  Zealand  3,000;  and  Alaska  60. 

Due  to  the  present  war  between  China 
and  Japan,  practically  the  entire  20,000 
Chinese  in  Japan  have  returned  to  China, 
while  50,000  or  more  have  migrated  into 
Hong  Kong  and  Macao  from  Shanghai 
and  Canton. 

These  figures  were  given  by  Dr.  Kal- 
fred  Dip  Lum,  special  envoy  of  the  Kuo- 
mintang  and  of  the  Overseas  Chinese  Af- 
fairs Commission  to  the  United  States, 
who  is  at  present  staying  in  Honolulu. 

S.  I.  HSIUNG  TO  PRODUCE 
ANOTHER  CHINESE  PLAY 

New  York — S.  I.  Hsiung,  whose 
adapted  version  of  an  old  Chinese  drama, 
"Lady  Precious  Stream,"  was  produced 
in  London,  New  York,  and  several  other 
American  cities  not  long  ago,  is  contem- 
plating another  new  Chinese  play  to  be 
presented  first  in  London.  The  first  pos- 
sibility is  "The  Romance  of  the  Western 
Chamber"  (Hsi  Hsiang  Chi) ,  an  English 
translation  of  which  was  made  by  Dr. 
FIsiung  a  year  ago  and  published  both  in 
England  and  this  country.  The  other  is 
entitled  "The  Professor  From  Peking," 
a  modern  drama  with  part  of  its  action  set 
in  Nanking.  Whichever  play  will  be 
given,  it  is  expected  that  New  York 
theatre  goers  will  be  likely  to  see  it  after 
its  initial  presentation  in  London. 

CHINESE  DIGEST  SUPPLIED 
WITH  DAILY  NEWS-RELEASES 

Daily  news  releases  as  air-mailed  from 
Flankow  to  Hong  Kong  by  the  China  In- 
formation committee  are  available  to  the 
readers  of  the  Chinese  Digest.  Paul  Fung 
and  Henry  Tseng,  two  Chinatownians 
from  the  United  States  who  are  now  serv- 
ing as  journalists  for  the  China  Informa- 
tion committee,  have  kindly  consented  to 
supply  the  Chinese  Digest  with  special  re- 
ports. 


vs* 


CONSUL  GENERAL  C.  C.  HUANG 
ENDS  "MUTINY" 

A  riot  on  the  motorship  Silver  Star,  in 
which  34  Chinese  crew  members,  armed 
only  with  tools  tried  to  fight  their  way 
to  shore  was  precipitated  by  bad  treat- 
ment and  unbearable  conditions  on  the 
ship,  the  Chinese  consulate  charged  to- 
day. Honorable  C.  C.  Huang,  Chinese 
consul  general,  boarded  the  ship,  confer- 
red with  officers,  and  later  brought  about 
an  amicable  settlement. 


, 


MAP  OF  CHINA  SHOWING  THE  WAR-ZONES  AND  THE  PRINCIPAL  RAILWAY  LINES 

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Sec.  562,  P.  L.  &  R. 


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BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at   your   next    party    or    meeting 

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Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW  CENTURY 
BEVERAGE  CO. 

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Proud  People 


.  .  .  are  Golden  State  dairy  farmers.  Only  farmers  with  the  finest, 
healthiest  dairy  herds  and  modern,  sanitary  equipment,  supply  the 
Golden  State  Company  with  milk  and  cream. 

That's  the  first  reason — and  one  of  the  most  important — for  the 
richness,  purity,  and  goodness  of  Golden  State  dairy  products.  You 
can  always  depend  on  the  high  quality  of  Golden  State  milk,  cream, 
butter,  ice  cream,  cottage  cheese,  and  evaporated  milk.  At  your 
grocer's,  or  delivered  to  your  home. 


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v 


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„//«////////,//. ,  ■  ■   ■    . 


I 


Vol.  IV,  No.  IX 


»  ©tt€5T  A 


mm 

1935 

IOC 

(See  page  3) 


ae  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,  1938 


THE  CHINESE   DIGEST 

Vol.  4,  No.  9  September,  1938 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Woshington  Street 

San  Francisco,  California   (CHina  2400) 

WILLIAM  HOY,  Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For   reprints,   special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CHINGWAH  LEE   Associate  Editor 

LIM  P    LEE   Sociological   Data 

WALLACE  H.  FONG   Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

DAVISSON     LEE     Sports 

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TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

The  Chinatown  Crier 2 

Russo-Japanese  Episode 4 

Chinatown's  Labor  Problems 6 

Women  in  War,  Jade  Box 8 

Famous  Kilnsite  Discovered 10 

Grass  Valley  Chinatown  To  Go 12 

Roaming  'Round 14 

Sports    16 

PICTURES 

Flora  Hall 5 

Conference  Delegates 7 

Chien  Yao  Bowls 11 

Grass  Valley's  Temples 13 

Cartoon  "Dangerous  Chinatown"   15 

Chinese  Playground  Lights 16 

Chinese  Activities 17 

Chin  Lain  Funeral 18 


CHINATOWN  LAUNCHES  A 
JUNIOR  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE 

Many  organizations  have  been  found- 
ed in  Chinatown  with  the  idea  of  reforms 
or  of  getting  pressing  things  done.  In- 
variably these  proved  abortive  because  the 
age-old  custom  of  keeping  step  with  a 
dving  generation  has  paralyzed  all  initi- 
ative. They  became  what  the  Chinese 
scholars  aptly  term  "hot  water"  organi- 
zations— rapid   cooling. 

An  exception  may  be  noted  with  refer- 
ence to  Chinatown's  newest  organization, 
the  Junior  chamber  of  commerce.  First  of 
all,  its  members  are  composed  of  energet- 
ic young  business  men  conversant  with 
modern  needs  and  modern  business  meth- 
ods. Long  before  they  even  drafted  a 
constitution  a  committee  was  set  to  work 
to  study  the  things  that  most  urgently 
needed  to  be  done  from  a  business  stand- 
point, and  steps  were  outlined  to  accom- 
plish the  tasks  they  imposed  upon  them- 
selves. For  example,  one  of  its  aims  is  the 
removal  of  slums  and  the  discouragement 


of  modernistic  structures  which  are  en- 
tirely out  of  harmony  with  the  rest  of 
the  community. 

The  Chamber  recognizes  the  need  of 
finding  work  for  the  hundreds  of  gifted 
young  native  sons  who,  despite  good  edu- 
cation and  specialized  training,  are  un- 
able to  find  work  outside  of  Chinatown. 
Said  Myron  Chan,  one  of  its  leading  spir- 
its: "Unless  we  break  this  stone  wall  of 
economic  handicap  Chinatown  is  doomed 
to  be  a  community  of  W.P.A.  prospects." 

"And  in  order  to  break  that  wall,"  said 
George  Chow,  able  front  line  fighter  for 
the  Junior  C.  of  C,  "we  must  play  ball 
with  such  civic  organizations  as  the  Cal- 
ifornia, Inc.,  the  City  Tours  and  Conven- 
tion bureau,  and  the  Downtown  associ- 
ation, to  bring  tourists  to  the  West  gen- 
erally and  to  Chinatown  specifically.  We 
must  also  introduce  modern  business 
methods,  study  the  needs  of  consumers, 
and  replace  the  old-fashioned  shirt- 
sleeve salesman  with  attractively 
gowned,  well  trained  youth  who  know 
what  they  are  selling." 


Do  not  conclude  from  the  above  that 
this  body  is  a  group  of  Babbits.  It  boldly 
affirms  that  a  sincere  Chinese  atmosphere 
in  Chinatown  is  possible  only  if  the  mem- 
bers are  steeped  in  Oriental  lore  and  phil- 
osophy. Said  its  newly  elected  president, 
Dr.  Theodore  C.  Lee:  "It  is  not  enough 
to  create  a  Hollywood  sort  of  a  China- 
town. Our  community  must  reflect  an 
innate  fondness  for  Chinese  art  and  cul- 
ture. Only  then  will  Chinatown  be  really 
different  from  the  thousands  of  communi- 
ties that  dot  this  continent." 

Readers  will  note  that  the  objectives  of 
this  organization  sound  surprisingly  like 
editorials  constantly  voiced  by  the  Chinese 
Digest.  Here  is  a  group  of  energetic 
young  men  who  propose  to  clothe  our 
ideas  with  the  flesh  of  reality.  Our  con- 
gratulations to  the  Junior  chamber  of 
commerce  are  therefore  more  than  per- 
functory. We  pledge  to  them  our  whole- 
hearted cooperation. 

o 

AN  OPEN  LETTER  TO 
GENERAL  CHU  TEH 

Dear  General  Chu  Teh: 

The  Chinese  are  noted  for  their  po- 
liteness. When  any  visitor  comes  into 
our  homes  we  always  present  him  with 
a  cup  of  tea  and  sweet  meats  and  in- 


September,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  3 


THE     CHINATOWN     CRIER 


Editorial  - 


quire  about  their  health  and  the  num- 
ber of  children  that  they  are  being 
blessed  with,  etc. 

What  did  you  do  when  the  Nipponese 
soldiers  visited  your  territory?  Did  you 
offer  them  the  customary  cup  of  tea? 
I  heard  that  you  laughed  heartily  when 
your  compatriots  turned  the  whole 
Yangtze  river  on  them  without  first  add- 
ing tea  leaves  to  the  water.  Now,  is  that 
nice? 

And  did  you  inquire  directly  how 
many  children  have  been  sent  over  to 
play  in  China's  front  yard?  No!  Instead, 
you  sent  spies  to  find  out  the  strength 
of  every  Japanese  garrison  in  every  town 
and  hamlet  so  that  you  can  conveniently 
pay  them  a  night  visit.  Is  that  a  Chinese 
custom? 

When  a  visitor  calls  we  always  hasten 
to  offer  sweetmeats  and  refreshments. 
What  did  you  and  your  specially- 
trained  men  do  when  the  Japanese 
called?  From  the  latest  report  we  learn 
that  you  "borrowed"  the  following  from 
them  as  of  May,  1938: 

Rifles    captured    6,487 

Machine  guns,  field  guns,  etc.  __    564 

Horses  and  mules  captured  — 3,467 

Tanks  and  motorcars  captured  ..  190 
Tanks  and  motor  cars  destroyed  901 
The  above  does  not  include  countless 
loads  of  foodstuffs,  boxes  of  bullets  and 
explosives,  and  such  gadgets  as  wrist 
watches,  fountain  pens,  radios,  ear  muffs, 
gloves,  uniforms,  etc.  Now  General!  Is 
that  nice?  True,  I've  heard  that  rapidly 
you  are  returning  the  explosives  and  the 
bullets — generally  in  the  dark — but  let 
me  tell  you,  if  you  keep  this  up  they're 
going  to  leave  China  cold,  and  they  won't 
call  again.  Tsk,  Tsk! 

Respectfully  yours, 
Ye  Chinatown  Crier. 

o 

CHINA  WELL  REPRESENTED 

AT  THE  SECOND 

WORLD  YOUTH  CONGRESS 

It  is  gratifying  to  learn  through  tele- 
grams from  Lim  P.  Lee  and  George  Kao 
of  the  Trans-Pacific  News  Service  that 
China  is  well  represented  at  the  Second 
World  Youth  Congress  in  session  at 
Vassar  College,  Poughkeepsie,  New 
York.  The  twenty  or  more  Chinese  stu- 
dents there,  from  all  parts  of  China,  are 
decidedly  above  the  average  in  attain- 
ment. They  are  international-minded 
and  all  affirm  that  world  cooperation  is 
needed  in  stamping  out  the  evil  of  ag- 
gresion-by-  gangster  nations.   A  few  prov- 


ed very  capable  speakers,  and  their  mag- 
netic personality  did  much  toward  creat- 
ing   international    friendship. 

The  entire  conference  gave  a  standing 
ovation  to  Pao-Yu  Yin,  a  member  of  the 
Conference's  Presidium,  when  he  made  an 
excellent  report  of  the  part  played  by 
China's  youth  in  her  present  war  of  re- 
sistance. 

Miss  Yan^  Hui-min,  the  21-year-old 
heroine  who  daringly  took  a  Chinese  flag 
to  the  "Doomed  Battalion"  in  Chapei 
last  year  was  beseiged  by  photographers 
and  reporters  everywhere.  Invited  to 
Bob  Ripley's  "Believe  It  Or  Not"  radio 
prog-am  she  described  through  interpre- 
ter Paul  Fung  the  horrors  inflicted  on 
civilians.  We  learn  that  she  crawled 
across  the  Japanese  lines  some  forty  times, 
carrying  food  to  soldiers,  often  a  hundred 
fiftv  pounds  of  it  at  a  time. 

A  student  from  Hankow,  F.  Y.  Young, 
told  23,000  peace-loving  Americans  and 
500  representatives  of  54  nations  that  it 
is  idle  merely  to  denounce  war  or  to  ex- 
press sympathy  to  the  victims  of  war.  He 
said:  "War  is  an  action  and  as  such  it  can 
only  be  prevented  by  a  more  powerful  and 
potent  counter-action."  The  text  of  his 
speech  is  printed  under  "Sociological 
Data." 


LET'S  POPULARIZE  THE 
FESTIVAL  TO  THE  MOON 

One  of  China's  most  picturesque  fes- 
tivals is  the  Chung  Chiu  or  Mid  Autumn 
Moon  festival.  Lanterns  play  a  conspic- 
uous part  in  this  celebration — so  does 
feasting,  singing,  and  the  staging  of  out- 
door shows  and  pagentry. 

Chinatown  needs  to  popularize  this 
celebration  so  that  all  America  may 
know  what  a  truly  colorful  Chinese  fes- 
tival is  like.  It  should  be  made  a  regu- 
lar annual  affair  so  that  the  railroads, 
the  newspapers,  and  the  city  and  state 
organizations  can  cooperate  with  us  in 
arranging  advance  publicity. 

First  of  all  it  should  be  made  as 
colorful  as  it  is  authentic.  An  outdoor 
altar  should  be  erected  for  the  public 
worship  of  the  Moon  Goddess  Chang  O, 


and  maidens  should  present  trays  of  such 
offerings  as  nine-jointed  lotus  roots, 
moon  cakes,  taros,  candy,  effigies,  of  the 
Deity  Yueh-Kuang  ma-er,  fruits,  and 
flowers — exactly  as  it  was  done  in 
ancient  China.  Let  lantern-bearing  chil- 
dren march  through  Grant  avenue,  and 
exactly  at  a  given  moment  let  all  the 
street  lights  be  turned  off  for  a  fraction 
of  a  minute  so  that  these  lanterns  will 
glow  as  they  do  in  far-away  China.  Let 
singers  come  forth  from  flower-decked 
balconies  to  revive  the  songs  of  old  Cath- 
ay. Before  a  centrally  erected  huge  white 
moon  let  all  the  players  of  the  moon 
guitar  gather  to  give  a  concert  to  the 
Moon    Goddess. 

Who  will  finance  such  an  undertak- 
ing? Wishing-wells  goodluck  gongs  will 
draw  dimes  and  quarters  from  the  happy 
multitude.  The  net  profits  may  well  go 
to  the  War  Refugee  fund.  How  will  our 
depression-hit  merchants  be  benefited? 
Let  all  the  bakeries  and  cafes  serve  and 
sell  moon  cakes  and  taro  dinners.  Let 
the  cocktail  lounges  serve  a  Moon  Fes- 
tival punch.  And  let  all  the  bazaars 
bring  forth  wares  which  are  in  keeping 
with  the  Moon  festival — dragon  boats, 
three-legged  toads,  the  rabbit  from  the 
moon,  the  Goddess  Chang  O,  etc.  It 
can  be  done — it  must  be  done — and  the 
Junior  chamber  of  commerce  in  coopera- 
tion with  all  the  existing  organizations 
can  bring  this  about. 


WIRE  RECEIVED 
AS  WE  GO  TO  PRESS 

Second  World  Youth  congress  ad- 
journed at  Vassar  college  Poughkeepsie 
today  and  following  action  pertaining  to 
Japanese  invasion  of  China  passed:  Jap- 
anese aggression  severely  condemned  as 
uncivilized;  Government  embargo  on  war 
materials  to  Japan  demanded;  people 
asked  to  strengthen  boycott  on  Japanese 
goods;  and  immediate  humanitarian  aid 
to   Chinese  civilians   urged. 

Lim  P.  Lee. 


THE  COVER  PICTURE 
No  form  girl  is  this  co-ed  from  the  University  at  Berkeley.  Straw  hat,  play- 
suit,  and  sandals  join  Ruby  Foo  in  greeting  California's  glorious  Indian  summer 
sunshine  at  the  beach  while  Wallace  Fong  prowls  with  his  eager  camera.  With 
offers  from  half  a  dozen  swanky  night  clubs  to  sing  the  latest  blues,  Ruby  prefers 
to  volunteer  her  spare  hours  behind  the  newly  installed  addressing  machine  at 
the  Chinese  Digest  office.  She  is  the  Number  One  reason  why  readers  receive 
their  Digest  one  day  earlier. 


Poge  4 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


September,  1938 


FAR     EAST 


Pat  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


*1Ue  Rudda-  jjafLO+tede.  Zpiiode — An  OfttftSieAAton 


Russia  has  always  been  considered  by 
Japan  as  her  arch-enemy,  be  it  in  the 
Czarist  or  the  Soviet  regime.  While  Japan 
wants  to  dominate  Asia  through  the  con- 
quest of  China,  it  always  worries  her  to 
have  Soviet-Russia  overlooking  her  back- 
yard. Two  years  ago,  Japan,  Germany 
and  Italy  went  into  huddle,  in  which  Ja- 
pan made  her  European  pals  agree  that 
if  Russia  should  start  any  funny  business 
at  Japan's  back,  Germany  and  Italy 
would  do  the  same  to  Russia.  Thus  re- 
lieved of  the  danger  from  a  big  bad  wolf, 
Japan  went  in  her  China  venture  with  full 
speed. 

Then  things  went  haywire.  Conquer- 
ing China  was  not  so  easy  as  the  little  Jap- 
anese thought  it  was.  Aside  from  the 
heroic  resistance  put  up  by  the  Chinese 
forces,  the  Japanese  general  staff  had 
miscalculated  a  number  of  things.  The 
Japanese  figured  that  the  Chinese  Red 
Army  is  a  tapeworm  in  China's  system, 
and  that  it  would  probably  mean  a  serious 
check  to  China's  fighting  strength.  But 
unexpectedly  the  Chinese  communist 
leaders  came  to  an  accord  with  the  Chi- 
nese Nationalist  Government.  They  sud- 
denly changed  their  banners  and  fought 
relentlessly  against  the  Japanese  invaders. 
Japan  thought  that  Russia  must  have  had 
something  to  do  with  it.  Then,  the  Jap- 
anese figured  that  by  blockading  China's 
entire  coast,  they  would  cut  off  China's 
war  supplies.  But  although  this  had  been 
done  for  over  a  year,  China's  war  supplies 
have  been  ever  on  the  increase.  Large 
quantities  of  ammunitions,  tanks,  heavy 
artillery  and  airplanes  have  been  contin- 
uously pouring  into  China,  and  a  sub- 
stantial part  of  this  war  material  came 
reportedly  from  Russia  and  by  way  of 
Russia.  Japan  again  blames  Russia.  A  few 
months  ago,  Japan  insisted  that  Germany 
must  withdraw  from  China  her  military 
advisers  to  the  Chinese  Government.  So 
Germany  did.  As  soon  as  the  Germans 
left,  China  immediately  put  Russians  in 
their  places.  And  the  Chinese  army  is 
doing  wonderfully  well.  The  Japanese 
do  not  like  that. 

Since  the  Yellow  river  flood  in  mid- 
June,  the  Japanese  turned  their  attack 
from  Lung-hai  region  to  the  Yangtze 
valley;  there  again,  the  Japanese  advances 
were  stalemated  on  both  banks  of  the 
Yangtze  river.  The  Japanese  at  the  front 
needed  reinforcement.  They  especially 
needed    the    assistance    of    the    veteran 


Kwantung  army  which  has  been  guarding 
the  Manchurian  front.  At  this  very  mo- 
ment, reports  were  prevailing  that  Soviet 
Russia  had  been  massing  troops  in  the  Far 
East.  Soviet  troops  were  reported  moving 
to  Novokiesk  and  the  Soviet  navy  concen- 
trating in  Possieta  bay,  both  near  the 
Manchuria-Korea-Siberia  borders.  This 
made  it  impossible  for  the  Kwantung 
army  to  leave  its  important  post.  On  July 
11,  a  small  detachment  of  Soviet  troops 
went  to  an  obscure  hill  called  Changku- 
feng  on  the  frontier  and  there  erected 
"minor  fortifications."  They  immediately 
came  to  a  clash  with  the  Japanese  guards- 
men. 

"What  is  that  guy  Russia  trying  to  do?" 
says  Japan.  To  find  out  what  Russia 
was  trying  to  do,  Japan  instructed  Ma- 
moru  Shigemetsu,  Japanese  Ambassador 
to  U.  S.  S.  R.  to  see  Maxim  Litvinoff, 
Soviet  Commissar  of  Foreign  Affairs,  in- 
cidentally spoiling  Shigemetsu's  vacation 
in  a  tour  of  the  Baltic  states.  At  Russia's 
foreign  office,  Ambassador  Shigemetsu 
and  Comrade  Litvinoff  exchanged  harsh 
words.  By  reducing  this  well-couched 
diplomatic  verbiage  into  common  talk, 
the  Shigemetsu-Litvinoff  battle  of  words 
amounted  to  the  following: 

Shigemetsu:  Comrade  Litvinoff,  your 
troops  violated  the  "Manchukuan"  fron- 
tier at  the  Changkufeng  hill. 

Litvinoff:  No,  sir.  Chankufeng  hill  is 
Soviet  territory. 

S.  (For  Shigemetsu,  tired  of  spelling 
it) :  But  it  is  our  territory.  The  inhabi- 
tants have  been  holding  Manchurian  re- 
ligious ceremonies  there  for  a  long  time. 

L.  (For  Litvinoff) :  It  is  definitely  Rus- 
sian according  to  the  Sino- Japanese  Trea- 
ty of  1886.  I  can  show  you  the  map. 

S.  Your  map  is  no  good;  it  has  never 
been  published. 

L.  That  does  not  make  any  difference. 
Your  country  does  not  publish  your  trea- 
ties either.  Why,  Mr.  Shigemetsu,  I  am 
surprised  at  you.  Such  a  prominent  diplo- 
mat saying  a  thing  like  that! 

S.  Your  Soviet  troops  are  actually  in 
our  territory. 

L.  Soviet  Russia  keeps  an  army  to  pro- 
tect its  own  territory.  Unlike  other  coun- 
tries, we  are  not  in  the  habit  of  sending 
our  troops  into  other  people's  territory. 

S.  During  your  occupation  of  Chang- 
kufeng hill,  one  of  our  soldiers  was  killed 
by  your  men. 


L.  You  can't  blame  us.  He  was  in  Sov- 
iet territory.   He  asked  for  it. 

S.  If  you  don't  withdraw  your  troops, 
we  are  compelled  to  use  force. 

L.  Listen,  my  friend,  you  may  bluff 
others,  but  you  can't  bluff  me.  Good  day! 

Since  the  diplomatic  negotiations  broke 
up,  the  long  smouldering  trouble  in  the 
Far  East  flared  up  in  open  conflagration. 
Man-to-man  pot-shooting  generated  into 
artillery  barrages  and  aerial  bombing. 
The  situation  became  so  tense  that  the 
Japanese  had  to  evacuate  the  inhabitants 
from  Northern  Korea.  In  Japan,  like- 
wise, "light  control"  was  put  into  effect  in 
the  eastern  coast  where  they  blacked  out 
the  entire  region  at  night  for  fear  of 
Soviet  air  raids.  On  July  31,  the  Japanese 
seized  Changkufeng.  Since  then,  both 
sides  claimed  victories  every  day.  And 
it  became  obscured  as  to  who  was  in  oc- 
cupation of  the  disputed  hill.  Soviet 
troops  brought  tanks,  mechanized  col- 
umns, and  heavy  artillery  into  use.  Their 
six  inch  projectiles  shooting  at  a"  rate  of 
six  per  minute  were  said  to  have  given  the 
cocky  Japanese  a  severe  lesson  of  modern 
warfare. 

On  August  10,  both  sides  agreed  to  call 
a  halt.  The  temporary  truce  provided  that 
both  sides  should  withdraw  from  their 
temporarily  kept  positions,  and  a  mixed 
commission  consisting  of  two  Soviet  dele- 
gates and  two  Japan-Manchurian  dele- 
gates should  be  appointed  to  demarcate 
the  territory. 

However  this  truce  does  not  mean  very- 
much.  Russia  and  Japan  are  still  arguing 
about  the  boundaries.  Many  minor  inci- 
dents have  also  taken  place  since  August 
11.  For  instance,  on  the  island  of  Sakha- 
lin, where  Japan  and  Russia  divide  con- 
trol, two  prominent  Japanese  were  shot 
by  Soviet  frontiersmen.  Soviet  planes 
were  reported  to  have  reconnoitered  over 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


Special  QpettUtq. 

— in  full  line  of  expert  beauty 
service  of  distinction 

PAGODA  BEAUTY  SUOPPE 

607  Broadway 
(by  Columbo   Hotel) 
Phone:  0606 


-  . 


I 


September,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


CHINESE  FOREIGN  MINISTER 
URGES  WORLD  YOUTH 
TO  FIGHT  FOR  JUSTICE 
AND  AGAINST  AGGRESSION 


Pat  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. — In  a  message 
addressed  to  the  Second  World  Youth 
Congress,  Dr.  Wang  Chung-hui,  Foreign 
Minister  of  China  and  a  former  judge 
of  the  World  court,  exhorted  youths  of 
all  nations  to  help  organize  for  peace  and 
justice,  and  for  more  effective  action 
against  Japanese  aggression.  The  text  of 
the  cablegram,  sent  to  delegates  from  54 
countries  from  the  capital  of  China  fol- 
lows: 

"The  second  World  Youth  congress 
meets  at  a  crucial  moment  in  this  history 
of  mankind.  Armed  hostilities  have  en- 
gulfed two  large  sectors  of  the  earth 
while  danger  spots  exist  elsewhere  which 
threaten  to  involve  the  whole  world  in 
conflagration.  The  system  of  collective 
peace  and  security  has  yielded  before  the 
lack  of  concerted  action  on  the  part  of 
peace-loving  countries.  The  wealth  of 
nations  is  being  expended  in  increasingly 
large  amounts  on  an  armament  race 
which  bodes  ill  for  the  future. 

"International  events  of  the  past  few 
years  pose  a  vital  question  for  the  youth 
of  the  world.  Shall  the  flower  of  youth 
in  different  lands  once  more  be  sacrificed 
on  the  altar  of  military  greed  and  ambi- 
tion? Is  it  impossible  to  awaken  world 
statesmanship  to  the  urgent  necessity  of 
applying  sanctions  against  the  aggressor 
instead  of  vainly  seeking  national  security 
in  a  state  of  heavily  armed  peace?  These 
are  questions  to  which  the  youth  have  a 
right  to  formulate  their  own  answer. 

"It  is  a  cause  for  hope  and  gratification 
that  international  youth  are  engaged  in 
a  program  of  peace  and  justice  just  as 
the  youth  of  China  are  engaged  in  up- 
holding them  by  resisting  the  aggressor. 
I  wish  your  conference  an  unqualified 
success  in  educating  and  organizing  the 
youth  of  the  world  for  peace  and  justice 
and  at  the  same  time  in  arousing  the 
world's  sentiment  for  immediate  and  more 
effective  action  against  Japanese  aggres- 
sion. 

Wang  Chung-hui, 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
Chungking,  China. 


The  modern  safety  vault  of  the  Bank  of  Canton  in  San  Francisco  was  rushed  to  completion 
just  in  time  to  store  $3,000,000  worth  of  Chinese  Liberty  Bonds  entrusted  to  the  bank's  care  by 
Chinese  subscribers.  Miss  Flora  Hall,  head  of  the  Safety  Deposit  Box  Department,  uses  two  mil- 
lion dollars  worth  as  a  back-rest  while  she  examines  some  ten-grand  copies.  Her  cushion  costs 
a  hundred  grand  (ten  grand  to  a  stack,  count  'em),  but  we'd  rather  take  Flora. 


According  to  Eliot  Janewar,  writing 
in  Harpers,  the  United  States  is  Japan's 
partner  in  the  slaughter  of  Chinese  civil- 


ization. Not  only  does  Japan  receive  most 
of  her  money  through  the  sale  of  goods 
to  the  United  States,  but  she  is  dependent 
on  her  for  practically  all  of  her  war  ma- 
terials. The  figures  of  the  National  Mu- 
nitions Control  Board  reveal  that  the  U. 
S.  has  supplied  over  $6,000,000  of  arms 
and  munitions  to  Japan  during  the  first 
five  months  of  this  year,  as  well  as  ab- 
normal exports  of  oil,  scrap-iron,  steel, 
cotton,  chemicals,  and  other  war  essen- 
tials. An  embargo  on  these  exports  to 
Japan  would  severely  cripple  her  war 
machine,  and  would,  at  the  same  time, 
be  constructive  action  towards  world 
peace. 


VISIT  OUR    NEW   AND    ENLARGED 
CLOTHING   FLOOR 

Suits  and   Overcoats 

Thrift  Shop,  $23.50 
Castlerock,  $30,  $35,  $40 
Thos.  Heath,  $50 
Worsted -tex,  $40 

Henry  Tom,   Representative 

RooaBroa 

Market  at  Stockton 


Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,  '1938 


SOCIOLOGICAL 

Lim  P.  Lee     


DATA 


San  ^^anclicc  GUinatauin  Fi-  Jlal&i  PteJde**vl 


Labor  problems  heretofore  have  been 
solely  a  concern  between  the  employers 
and  the  employees,  and  the  public  has 
been  indifferent  to  the  controversies  be- 
tween capital  and  labor.  In  fact  previous 
to  the  New  Deal,  sympathy  for  labor 
has  been  "sympathy  for  an  underdog 
cause."  However  in  less  than  five  years 
under  the  present  national  Administra- 
tion and  its  encouragement,  labor  has 
come  of  age.  The  public  today  is  no  long- 
er indifferent  to  the  activities  of  labor, 
but  vitally  interested,  and  the  future  re- 
lations between  business  and  labor  will  to 
a  large  degree  determine  the  public  wel- 
fare  of   this   country. 

From  the  early  history  of  the  Chinese 
in  California  to  this  day,  our  people  have 
had  dealings  with  organized  labor.  The 
ups  and  downs  of  labor  and  the  Chinese 
in  this  state  have  been  previously  dis- 
cussed (Chinese  Digest  July,  1938) ,  and 
we  are  moving  into  the  contemporary  era 
of  labor  problems.  Organized  labor  is 
still  new  in  our  community,  and  before 
the  rank  and  file  will  accept  the  principle 
of  collective  bargaining,  higher  wages, 
shorter  hours,  and  better  working  con- 
ditions, (Chinese  Digest  August,  1938) , 
a  program  of  trade  union  education  and 
community  betterment  should  be  pro- 
moted. This  will  mean  that  the  labor  lead- 
ers will  have  to  accept  responsibility  for 
the  education  of  their  members  within 
the  unions,  and  to  accept  community  res- 
ponsibility outside  the  unions. 
Education  and  Community  Responsibility 

Education  for  the  workers  is  not  a 
thing  that  can  be  talked  of  lightly,  for 
unless  the  workers  receive  the  fundamen- 
tals of  trade  unionism,  they  will  be  oppor- 
tunists at  the  bidding  of  the  agitators. 
Labor  has  gone  a  long  way  to  get  to  its 
present  position,  and  the  present  "break" 
in  labor  relations  has  left  the  field  wide 
open  for  pseudo-labor  leaders,  and  in 
many  respects  the  movement  has  been 
discredited  in  the  eyes  of  the  public  by 
these  agitators.  Unless  this  fault  is  rem- 
edied, the  gains  won  in  labor  can  be  lost. 

Instead  of  rivaling  for  additional  mem- 
berships and  increasing  the  union  cof- 
fers by  more  dues,  a  workers'  center 
should  promote  a  program  of  education 
for  the  workers  in  labor  economics,  social 
action  and  political  campaigning.  Lec- 
tures and  classes  should  be  instituted, 
and  an  open  forum  encouraged  so  that 
the  workers  can  be  heard  in   their  de- 


mands. Meetings  should  be  held  to  which 
candidates  of  public  offices  are  invited, 
and  those  friendly  to  labor  be  made 
known,  and  those  who  oppose  labor 
be  questioned  in  the  open.  A  nursery 
should  be  started  so  that  the  women  in 
the  factories  can  leave  their  children  at 
the  workers'  center.  Social  activities 
should  be  encouraged  in  the  center.  If 
such  a  program  can  be  offered,  the  union 
need  not  worry  about  new  members. 

Another  suggestion  is  made  for  the 
leaders  of  labor  to  come  out  and  per- 
form their  obligations  to  the  community. 
Participation  in  the  war  relief  associations, 
in  the  committees  for  Red  Cross  and  civ- 
ilian relief,  boycott  and  embargo  cam- 
paigns against  the  aggressor  nation, 
civic  affairs  such  as  the  "Bowl  of  Rice" 
parties,  beautification  of  Chinatown, 
clean-up  campaigns,  demanding  of  action 
on  the  housing  problem,  and  getting 
more  jobs  for  the  Chinese  workers  form 
the  American  hiring  halls. 

These  are  more   concrete   actions   for 
the  benefit  of  the  workers  than  speeches 
in  abstract  Marxian  economics. 
Jurisdictional  Disputes 

There  are  three  workers'  centers  in 
Chinatown  today,  and  each  has  a  par- 
ticular philosophy  to  teach  and  a  differ- 
ent organization  for  the  workers  to  join. 
While  the  centers  are  all  within  the  same 
block  (and  offices  are  located  in  the  same 
building)  they  oftentimes  work  at  cross 
purposes.  A  few  weeks  ago  Chinatown 
saw  its  first  jurisdictional  dispute  be- 
tween the  Chinese  local  of  the  Interna- 
tional Ladies  Garment  Workers'  union 
and  the  Chinese  local  of  the  General 
Garments'  workers  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor.  This  was  settled 
only  after  the  intervention  of  William 
Green,  president  of  the  A.  F.  L.  and 
David  Dubinsky,  president  of  the  I.  L. 
G.  W.  U.  With  the  historical  back- 
ground that  the  Chinese  in  this  state 
have  had  with  organized  labor,  any  jur- 
isdictional disputes  within  labor  will  dis- 
credit the  labor  movement  in  the  com- 
munity; therefore  labor  should  make  it 
a  policy  to  avoid  all  jurisdictional  fights 
in  Chinatown.  In  fact  jurisdictional  dis- 
putes should  not  be  tolerated  because 
they  hurt  business,  labor,  and  the  public. 
Labor  Problems  Should  be  Guided  by 
Public  Interest 

In  concluding  this  series  on  San  Fran- 
cisco   Chinatown's    labor    problems    this 


writer  wants  to  stress  the  paramount  in- 
terest of  the  public  in  all :  labor  disputes. 
Once  the  fury  of  a  labor  war  is  let  loose, 
there  is  no  limit  to  the  weapons  to  which 
either  side  will  resort.  Nor  is  there  a  lim- 
it to  the  distance  they  will  go.  The  gen- 
eral strike  of  1934  is  a  vivid  illustration 
where  both  business  and  labor  went  to 
the  extremes,  and  the  public  suffered  the 
consequences.  Therefore  it  is  imperative 
that  public  interest  should  be  kept  above 
class  interest,  and  in  all  employer-eim 
ployee  disputes,  it  must  be  kept  in  mind 
the  public  is  the  silent  partner. 

Chinatown  problems  have  always  been 
solved  in  the  Chinese  way.  The  peace 
machinery  of  the  community  is  available 
to  all  parties  that  desire  to  use  therm 
Unless  the  leaders  of  the  conflicting 
parties  want  personal  success  rather  than 
public  interest  in  labor  disputes,  all  con- 
troversies between  capital  and  labor  can 
be  adjusted  amicably  by  mediation  and 
arbitration.  This  writer  is  not  giving  a 
blanket  endorsement  to  the  peace"  mach- 
inery of  the  community,  but  since  the 
resources  are  there,  why  not  try  them 
first  before  calling  a  strike  or  locking 
out  a  shop?  If  and  when  the  Chinese 
Six  Companies,  the  Chinese  Peace  so- 
iety  or  any  of  the  benevolent  associations 
fail  in  their  mission,  then  it  is  time 
enough  with  the  consent  of  business 
(through  the  Chinese  chamber  of  com- 
merce or  the  Chinatown  Junior  chamber 
of  commerce)  and  the  union  in  dispute, 
to  set  up  an  impartial  body  and  arbitrate 
whatever  controversy  there  is  existing 
between  the  conflicting  groups.  Indus- 
trial peace  is  desired  by  all  parties,  and 
yet,  like  international  peace,  no  one  wants 
to  pay  the  price  for  it.  If  we  are  to  pre- 
vent labor  and  business  controversies, 
the  time  is  ripe  to  arouse  and  sustain 
public  opinion  in  favor  of  industrial 
peace  in  Chinatown. 


Gkineie  Wo^ki 

<4  /lit 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


I 


September,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 

Lim  P.  Lee    ■ 


Glimpses  of  the  Conference  delegates:  Upper  left,  Scoutrix  Yang  Hui-ming,  being  interviewed  by  admirers;  Upper  middle,  Victor 
K.  Kwong,  upon  arrival  from  the  Chinese  Embassey  at  Washington;  Upper  right.  Pearl  Lui,  Director  of  the  Hankow's  Refugees'  Camp, 
and  Loh  Tsei,  famous  student  leader  of  North  China;  Lower  left,  informal  gathering  of  delegates  between  sessions;  and  Lower  right, 
two  generations  of  student  movement  workers. 


CHINESE  YOUTH   ELECTRIFIES 
23,000  AT  RANDALLS  ISLAND 

Mr.  F.  Y.  Young,  president  of  the 
Chinese  Delegation  to  the  Second  World 
Youth  congress,  made  the  following  ad- 
dress on  behalf  of  Asia  at  the  official 
opening  of  the  congress  in  the  municipal 
stadium  at  Randalls  Island.  His  appear- 
ance came  after  "Taps"  were  sounded  for 
the  victims  of  aggressive  warfare  in  Spain 
jand  China,  and  marked  the  climax  of 
la  mammoth  peace  demonstration  by  the 
youth  of  America  and  of  the  rest  of  the 
world: 


"Mr.  President,  Delegates  to  the  Sec- 
ond World  Youth  Congress,  Ladies  and 
Gentlemen: 

"From  the  continent  of  Asia,  especial- 
ly from  China — war-torn  and  cross-bear- 
ing China — I  have  the  honor  to  bring 
you  heartiest  greetings. 

"We  are  convening  here  at  a  time  when 
the  darkest  pages  of  contemporary  his- 
tory are  being  written.  In  Europe  a  two- 
year-old  war  is  still  torturing  Spain  and 
the  Spanish  people.  In  Asia  another  war 
is  now  in  its  fourteenth  month,  strangling 
China  and  her  450   million  people  with 


its  sinister  claws  of  death  and  destruction. 
Though  I  have  only  heard  of  the  out- 
rageous bombing  of  Barcelona,  I  have 
actually  witnessed  the  terror  of  war  in 
China  since  its  outbreak  in  July,  1937. 
I  saw  with  my  own  eyes  the  most  wanton 
and  barbarous  scenes  a  modern  war  can 
create,  particularly  the  recent  ruthless 
bombing  of  Canton  and  Hankow. 

"It  is  unnecessary   for  me  to  describe 
the    terrible    realities   of    such    gruesome 
scenes.  War  is  bloody.  It  always  has  been 
bloody,  and  it  will  always  be  bloody. 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


Page  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,  1938 


THE    JADE    BOX 


WOMEN  IN  WAR- 
TORN  CHINA 

Previous  to  the  Japanese  invasion  Chi- 
nese girls  in  scores  of  coastal  cities  had 
adopted  the  "permanent  wave"  as  a  sym- 
bol of  modernism.  It  is,  however,  costly 
and  involves  much  time  and  labor.  So 
today  they  turned  to  a  simple  coiffure  in 
order  to  give  them  more  time  for  war 
work.  This  coiffure  consists  of  dividing 
the  hair  in  the  middle,  spreading  both 
sides  out  to  form  two  "wings"  and  fold- 
ing them  back  to  the  middle,  allowing  the 
rest  to  drape  gracefully  down  like  the 
body  and  tail  of  a  pursuit  plane.  It  is 
called  the  "airplane  wave." 

Carol  Lombard,  Luise  Rainer,  Ginger 
Rogers,  and  several  other  cinema  stars 
are  sought  by  the  Japanese  Army!  It 
appeared  that  during  the  entry  of  the 
Japanese  soldiers  on  an  "inspection  tour" 
into  the  American-endowed  St.  John's 
university,  Shanghai,  some  of  the  sol- 
diers, apparently  recruits  from  Japan's 
hinterland,  saw  pictures  of  these  stars  on 
the  walls  of  the  dormitory.  They  im- 
mediately demanded  of  the  caretaker  that 
women  be  produced.  The  care-taker  tried 
to  explain,  to  no  avail.  They  returned 
later  with  reinforcements  and  again  in- 
sisted that  the  beauties  be  produced. 
Only  the  intervention  of  the  university 
authorities  saved  the  caretaker  from  fur- 
ther trouble. 

Figures  show  that  of  the  6,000  nurses 
registered  at  the  Nurses'  Association  of 
China  about  two-thirds  are  women,  and 
that  practically  all  of  them  are  working 
in  the  army  and  missionary  hospitals 
throughout  the  country,  attending  to  the 
wounded  men  retrieved  from  the  battle- 
fields. These  figures  do  not  include  the 
hundreds  of  Chinese  girl  students  and 
society  women,  who,  having  had  a  short 
course  in  first-aid  since  hostilities  began, 
are  voluntarily  assisting  their  more  ex- 
perienced sisters  in  changing  dressings 
and  doing  night  duties  in  hospitals. 

One  of  China's  great  needs  during  the 
war  is  gauze  for  the  dressing  of  wounded 
soldiers.  Unexpectedly  the  women  of  the 
once  bandit-ridden  province  of  Kiangsi 
have  responded,  and  have  been  able  to 
produce  unlimited  quantities  almost  over- 
night. The  story  goes  back  to  1934  when 
one  Chang  Fu-liang,  director  of  the 
Kiangsi  Rural  Welfare  Centers,  taught 
the  people  how  to  create  a  special  type 
of  mosquito  net  as  a  means  of  combating 
malaria.  Hence  a  large  percentage  of 
the  primitive  home  looms  of  that  region 


Lady  P'ing  Yu 

were  geared  to  the  making  of  finely-wov- 
en nets.  When  the  war  came  it  was 
a  simple  matter  to  turn  these  looms  over 
to  the  making  of  gauze.  During  the  last 
few  months  the  women  of  Kiangsi  have 
produced  more  than  15,000  pounds  of 
defatted  gauze,  which  has  gone  a  long 
way  toward  meeting  the  hospital  needs. 
They  are  now  turning  their  attention  to 
the  making  of  absorbent  cotton  as  well. 
Harvard-trained  Chinese  sculptor  Teng 
Kwei  whose  works  are  permanently  ex- 
hibited in  various  American  museums 
has  turned  into  a  new  kind  of  "ladies' 
man"  out  of  patriotism  to  his  country. 
He  is  now  in  Hankow  supervising  the 
work  of  hundreds  of  refugees,  mainly 
women  and  girls  in  their  teens,  in  the 
making  of  socks,  fans,  straw  sandals, 
towels  and  undershirts  for  soldiers  at  the 
front.  These  refugees  work  in  two  im- 
provised factories  which  were  once  schools. 
They  receive  from  twenty  to  thirty  cents 
a  day,  which,  while  insignificant  in 
amount,  represents  their  net  earnings,  as 
their  lodging  places  and  meals  are  provid- 
ed. According  to  Mr.  Teng's  plan,  the 
experiment,  if  successfully  carried  out, 
will  go  a  long  way  toward  rehabilitating 
China's  thousands  of  hapless  war  ref- 
ugees, and  will  be  extended  to  other 
cities.    (Digested  from  China  at  War) 


"It  is  now  for  the  Japanese  Govern- 
ment to  show  that  it  is  not  unmindful  of 
the  rights  and  interests  of  foreigners  and 
that  its  assurances  and  apologies  mean 
something  more  than  words." — Anthony 
Eden. 


FOO  YUNG  HAR 

By  Chiao  Laan 

Did  I  hear  someone  mention  that  it's 
too,  too  warm  to  be  slaving  over  a  hot 
stove  getting  dinner  these  Indian  summer 
days? 

Well,  here's  one  dish  which  you  can 
prepare  and  emerge  from  the  kitchen  as 
cool  as  a  cucumber — 'tis  none  other  than 
my  favorite,  Foo  Yung  Har. 

2/3  lb  fresh  picked  shrimps 

4  eggs 

a    handful    of    Chinese    mushrooms 
soaked  in  water  and  cleaned 

5  water  chestnuts 

small  piece  of  bamboo  shoots 

2  green  onions 

1  medium  stalk  of  celery 

Cut  all  ingredients  (except  the  shrimps) 
into  tiny,  thin  slices  or  small  dice  shape. 

Put  2  tablespoons  Chinese  peanut  oil 
into  hot  skillet.  First  put  the  shrimps  in, 
then  add  all  remaining  ingredients  stir- 
ring them  often. 

Fry  these  for  3  or  4  minutes.  Add  1 
tablespoon  soy  sauce  and  enough  salt 
to  taste.  Remove  from  skillet  into  the 
already  beaten  eggs.  Mix  together,  then 
divide  mixture  into  6  omelets.  Fry  in  hot 
skillet  which  has  been  greased  with  2 
tablespoons  peanut  oil  until  a  delicate 
golden  brown  on  both  sides. 

Serve  with  fluffy  white,  piping-hot  rice. 
Will  serve  6. 


literary  Chinese 

Edited  by  Herrlee  Glessner  Creel 

A  word  by  word  translation  of  the  Chinese  Classic  Hsiao  Ching,  together  with  a 
section  giving  the  etymology  of  each  character,  notes  on  studying  Chinese,  development 
of  the  script,  use  of  the  Chinese  dictionary,  etc.    $3.00  Postpaid. 

The  Case  Against  Japan 

By  Dr.  Charles  R.  Shepherd 

Recommended  by  the  Book  of  the  Month  Club,  Madame  Chiang  Kai-shek,  Consul- 
General  Chao-Chin  Huang,  and  others.  "Never  in  my  judicial  experience  have  I  heard 
a  'case'  presented  more  impartially." — Justice  W.  Curtis  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
California.    $2.50  Postpaid. 

CHINESE  TRADE  AND  TRAVEL  BUREAU 


BOOK   DEPT. 


868  WASHINGTON  ST.,  S.  F. 


v& 


September,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  9 


THE    JADE    BOX 


Y.  W.  C.  A.  TO  TRY 
FACE  LIFTING  FOR  GYM 

On  coming  back  for  the  fall  activities, 
the  public  will  find  a  newly  refinished 
gym  floor  at  the  Chinese  Y.W.C.A.  with 
courts  for  basketball,  badminton,  and 
volley  ball  neatly  mapped.  It  has  been 
announced  that  the  fall  program  will  in- 
clude mixed  bridge,  folk  dancing,  social 
dancing,  educational  tours,  and  begin- 
ners and  advanced  lessons  in  Chinese 
under  the  skilful  tutelage  of  energetic 
Jane  Kwong  Lee. 

Girls  attending  three  different  confer- 
ences met  last  Saturday  to  exchange  notes 
on  value  received.  They  are  Myrtle  Lee 
(Girl  Reserves) ,  Ethel  Lum  and  Dorothy 
Fong  (Asilomar) ,  and  Annie  Tom,  and 
Pansy  Leong  (Tahoe) . 

Girls  who  participated  in  the  Recre- 
ational activities  under  the  leadership  of 
Mrs.  John  Steelquist  recently  wound  up 
their  summer  program  with  a  party. 
During  the  month  of  July  the  attendance 
of  the  classes  and  clubs  amounted  to  1040, 
besides  262  visitors. 


Lady  P'ing  Yu 


JUNIOR  CHAMBER  OF 
COMMERCE  ELECTS  OFFICERS 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Junior  chamber 
of  commerce  on  Aug.  21,  the  following 
were  elected  as  officers  to  serve  for  the 
year  1938-39:  Dr.  Theodore  C.  Lee, 
president;  Chingwah  Lee,  first  vice  presi- 
dent; Myron  Chan,  second  vice  president; 
N.  S.  Chew,  treasurer;  George  Chow, 
English  secretary,  and  Buck  Yee,  Chinese 
secretary. 

The  following  six  were  added  to  the 
list  of  officers  as  directors  for  the  organi- 
zation: John  Kan,  M.  S.  Jung,  Edward 
Quon,  Henry  Tom,  Leland  Kimlau,  and 
Thomas  Leong. 

Heading  organizational  committees  are 
Andrew  Sue,  Charles  Low,  Kenneth  Lee, 
Ban  T.  Lee,  William  Wong,  Henry  Lum, 
Edward  Pond,  Lawrence  Mah,  Kaye 
Hong,  and  Albert  Chow. 

To  serve  in  technical  committees  are 
Dr.  Y.  C.  Low,  James  R.  Lee,  Dr.  Henry 
Woo,  William  Hoy,  Dr.  Dan  Lee, 
Warren  Chang,  Wallace  Fong,  Frank 
Jung,  Jack  Chow,  Lim  P.  Lee,  and  Dr. 
Arthur  Chong. 

Heading  program  projects  are  Wy 
Wing,  Robert  Woo,  William  Kan,  Ed- 
ward Leong,  Earl  Louie,  B.  Y.  Chinn, 
Fred  Wong,  Samuel  R.  Wong,  Lim  F. 
Wah,  G.  Hong,  Calvin  Jung,  H.  K. 
Wong,  Samuel  Choy,  John  Chan,  Wil- 
liam T.  Chow,  Louie  Fay,  Hayne  Hall, 
and  Arthur  Hee. 


Chinatown  celebrated  the  "Seven  Sisters  Festival"  on  the  seventh  day  of  the  seventh  moon 
with  a  display  of  dolls  and  toys.  In  this  legend  of  the  Seventh  Sister  and  the  Cowherd, 
China,  China's  mythological  Buckarro  is  permitted  to  see  the  loveliest  of  the  seven  heavenly 
sisters  only  once  a  year.  Likewise  the  older  generation  men-folk  were  permitted  to  see  these 
displays  but  once  a  year,  thereby  giving  them  a  chance  to  give  the  highly  secluded  maidens 
the  once -over. 


CHINESE  YOUTH  ELECTRIFIES 
23,000  AT  RANDALLS  ISLAND 

(Continued  from  page  7) 
"We  have  come  to  this  Congress  from 
different  parts  of  the  world  with  three 
important  objects  in  view,  as  clearly  set 
out  in  the  program  of  the  Congress.  The 
first  of  these  objects  is  to  provide  an  op- 
portunity for  youth  in  all  countries  to  ex- 
change ideas  on  international  affairs  and 
to  reach  agreement  upon  a  common  plan 
of  international  cooperation  for  the  pre- 
vention of  war  and  the  organization  of 
peace. 

"It  is  idle  merely  to  denounce  war.  It 
is  equally  idle  merely  to  express  sympathy 
to  the  victims  of  war.  Sympathy  has  not 
saved  Spain.  Sympathy  has  not  saved 
millions  of  Chinese  from  the  bayonets 
and  bombs  of  the  Japanese  aggressors. 
For  war  is  an  action,  and  as  such,  it  can 
only  be  prevented  by  a  counter-action — 
in  fact,  a  more  powerful  and  potent 
counter-action. 

"The  youth  of  China  have  already  tak- 
en action  against  the  Japanese  military 
by  putting  up  a  stubborn  resistance.  In 
China  today,  millions  of  Chinese  youths 
are  either  fighting  in  the  battlefield  for 
liberty   and   independence,   or   engaging 


themselves    in    non-combatant    activities 
towards  the  same  end. 

"But  the  prevention  of  war  cannot  be 
achieved  by  the  Chinese  youth  alone,  and 
China  is  in  dire  need  of  active  and  sub- 
stantial help  from  peace-lovers  all  over 
the  world. 

"The  Chinese  youth  have  done  their 
best.  They  are  now  waiting  anxiously  for 
you,  the  youth  of  other  nations,  to  take 
action.  They  are  not  expecting  a  favor. 
They  are  merely  calling  for  your  coopera- 
tion in  a  struggle  for  a  great  cause  com- 
mon to  us  all—  WORLD  PEACE. 

"We,  the  youth  of  the  world,  are  to 
inherit  the  earth  tomorrow.  If  we  should 
refrain  ourselves  from  taking  immediate 
action  against  the  war-mongers,  what  sort 
of  a  world  would  it  become  when  it 
comes  into  our  possession?  It  would  be- 
come a  bomb-scarred,  blood-smeared 
world,  with  nothing  but  a  wreck  of  a 
civilization,  poverty  and  starvation. 

"We  the  youth  of  the  world  have  the 
right  to  a  world  of  happiness,  freedom, 
and  peace.  We  have  the  right  to  demand 
that  the  war-mongers  keep  their  hands 
off  our  world.  And  we  have  the  right  to 
(Continued  on  page  19) 


Page   10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


ART    AND     CULTURE 


September,    1935 


Chingwah   Lee 


*7«4e  tf-atnotU  GUien  Pottely  fcdn-Ute  (le-dUc&oeAed 


One  of  the  most  exciting  bits  of  news 
to  reach  collectors  in  recent  years  is  the 
discovery  by  an  European  of  the  long  lost 
kilnsites  of  the  famous  Chien-yao  or  tem- 
moku  stoneware  which  was  produced  in 
China  nearly  a  thousand  years  ago.  The 
discoverer  is  Mr.  James  Marsha  Plumer 
of  the  Chinese  Custom  staff  at  Foochow, 
and  although  he  was  unable  to  stay  for 
more  than  a  few  hours,  because  the  place 
was  jealously  guarded,  a  description  of  the 
steps  leading  to  the  discovery,  and  of  the 
location  was  given  in  the  Illustrated  Lon- 
don News  for  October  26,  1935. 

With  a  map  Mr.  Plumer  showed  the 
kilnsites  to  be  within  a  district  in  north- 
western Fulcien  which  was  once  called 
Chien-an  and  which  then  embraced  Chien- 
yang.  These  sites,  three  in  number,  are 
situated  along  the  River  Chien  Ch'o  (or 
Nan  Pu  Ch'i)  between  the  town  of  Shui 
Chi  and  Chien-ning  fu  (now  Chien-ao) . 
There  are  two  villages,  Hou  Ching  and 
Ta  Lu,  which  are  situated  close  to  the 
kilnsites,  and  Mr.  Plumer  found  the  vil- 
lagers using  broken  saggers  for  building 
material  and  the  priceless  broken  bowls 
for  feeding  chickens.  Concerning  the  rari- 
ty of  these  bowls  Mr.  Plumer  stated: 

"Ever  since  the  Sung  dynasty,  con- 
noisseurs have  delighted  in  the  possession 
of  the  Chien-yao  bowls.  The  Japanese, 
peculiarly,  have  cherished  bowls  of  this 
sort  above  all  others.  The  "Hare  Fur" 
and  "  Partridge  Feather"  markings,  or 
the  "Oil  Spot"  and  other  subtle  aesthetic 
qualities  rendered  the  tea  bowl,  to  which 
this  ware  seems  to  have  been  almost  en- 
tirely restricted,  ideal  for  use  in  the  tea 
ceremony.  As  early  as  the  Ming  dynasty 
it  had  already  become  rare,  as  evidenced 
by  the  tradition  in  Japan  that  the  Japan- 
ese pirates,  who  at  the  time  frequently 
swooped  down  upon  the  Fukien  Coast, 
used  to  demand  Chien  yao  bowls  in  ran- 
som. As  time  went  on  they  became  well- 
night  priceless." 

It  should  be  noted  here  that  some  local 
Chinese  have  always  had  knowledge  of 
this  remote  spot,  and  for  generations  back, 
venturers  have  brought  occasional  pieces 
to  the  curio  market.  It  was  undoubtedly 
through  information  obtained  from  curio 
dealers  that  Mr.  A.  E.  Hippsley  of  the 
Chinese  Maritime  Custom  in  Foochow 
was  able  to  state  in  1888  that  these  bowls 
were  from  the  Department  of  Chien- 
chou,  the  present  Chien-yang,  in  the  De- 
partment of  Chien-ning. 


According  to  Mr.  Harry  R.  Cadwell, 
noted  sinologist  of  Futsing,  Professor 
McComb  Farley  of  the  Fukien  Christian 
university  did  much  during  the  last  decade 
in  gathering  all  known  data  concerning 
the  kilnsites,  thereby  furnishing  the  clue 
for  Mr.  Plumer's  discovery;  and  there  is 
ample  literary  evidence  to  support  the 
claim  of  the  village  fathers  that  the  pres- 
ent kilnsites  are  far  removed  from  the 
Chien  yao  kilnsites  of  the  early  Sung  per- 
iod, if  we  remember  that  Kien-ning, 
Chien-ning,  and  Chien-ou  are  all  at  the 
same  place. 

Two  noted  British  authorities,  R.  L. 
Hobson  and  A.  L.  Heatherington,  stated 
that  the  potters  moved  from  Chien-an  to 
Chien-yang.  Page  25  of  the  "British 
Museum's  Guide  to  Pottery  and  Porcelain 
of  the  Far  East"  states  that  the  "Chien 
ware  takes  its  name  from  the  district  of 
Kien-ning.  It  had  a  high  reputation  in 
the  Sung  period  among  the  tea  drinkers, 
the  thick  glazed  bowls  being  well  suited 
for  holding  the  warm  tea."  A  footnote 
on  page  14  of  Volume  II  of  the  "Illustra- 
ted Catalogue  of  Chinese  Government 
Exhibits  for  the  International  Exhibit  of 
Chinese  Art  in  London"  (a  copy  is  on  dis- 
play at  the  Chinese  Digest  office  this 
week)  states  that  "the  Chien-an-yao  was 
established  in  a  locality  which  is  now  called 
Chien-ou  Hsien.  During  the  Sung  dynas- 
ty the  kilns  were  transferred  to  Chien- 
yang  Hsien."  The  potters  were  said  to 
have  moved  because  of  a  shortage  of  the 
pottery  clay. 

In  December,  1936,  Mr.  Cadwell  and 
an  able  Chinese  companion  (who  does 
not  want  his  name  known  at  present) 
made  an  attempt  to  visit  the  region,  go- 
ing up  from  Foochow,  but  were  prevented 
from  going  further  by  soldiers  at  Teng 
Peng  who  informed  them  that  Commun- 


ists and  bandits  had  occupied  the  region. 
His  Chinese  companion  thereupon  dis- 
guised himself  as  a  peasant,  and  reaching 
there  spent  three  days  in  taking  photo- 
graphs and  making  arrangements  with, 
local  villagers  for  available  bowls.  He  was 
finally  discovered  by  guarding  bandits 
and  barely  escaped  with  his  life. 

In  the  summer  of  1937  this  Chinese 
again  visited  the  spot,  disguised  as  a  local 
peasant.  He  employed  a  group  of  vil- 
lagers and  spent  many  days  in  researches 
covering  a  wide  area,  sinking  shafts,  mak- 
ing cuts,  and  gathering  data.  His  dis- 
coveries definitely  disclosed  bowl  making 
of  some  very  remote  age,  far  in  excess  of 
anything  the  kilns  reported  by  Mr.  Plum- 
er would  indicate.  Some  of  the  informa- 
tion secured  is  of  inestimatble  value  to 
students  of  early  ceramics: 

1.  The  kilns,  as  revealed  by  removing 
much  of  the  surface  bambles  and  accum- 
ulation of  earth,  properly  consisted  of  a 
long  series  of  pits  running  vertically  up 
the  kiln  at  a  steep  angle.  The  slope  had 
been  terraced  so  as  to  offer  room  for  one 
pit  on  each  terrace.  A  main  flue  ran  the 
entire  length  of  the  line  of  pits,  and  firing 
was  apparently  from  two  sides  of  each 
pit. 

2.  An  unexpected,  sensational  find  of 
an  unfired  but  filled  kiln  shows  that  each 
pit  contained  saggers  stacked  six  by  six 
at  the  base  and  six  high.  The  bowls  are 
attached  to  the  saggers  by  a  small  ball  of 
clay  at  the  base  which  was  not  glazed. 
Why  were  the  kilns  with  bowls  and  sag- 
gers ready  for  firing  deserted?  Many  rea- 
sons were  advanced:  Government  "pad- 
locking" the  kiln  for  making  an  illicit 
Imperial  black  bowl  which  was  reserved 
as  a  monopolistic  grant,  evacuation  from 
the  area  to  escape  the  bandit  horde  under 
the  leadership  of  one  Chief  Wang  Chau 
who  was  said  to  have  over-run  the  area  at 
the  time:  the  cutting  off  of  their  supply  oi 


our 


KEN  B.  DAWSON 

4th  District. 


is  a  candidate  for  election  to  Congress  from 


During  KEN.  B.  DAWSON'S  four  years  as  a  member  of  the  Legis- 
lature his  policy  has  been  to  promote  the  general  welfare,  with  fair  . 
consideration  of  all  interests  involved,  and  to  render  good  and  faith- 
ful service  to  the  people  of  his  district  and  the  State  of  California.   Our 
district  needs  KEN.  B.  DAWSON  in  Congress. 

Your  vote  for  KEN.  B.  DAWSON   for  Congress  at   the  Primary 
Election,  August  30th,  will  be  sincerely  appreciated. 

Recommended  to  you  by  Ex-Congresswoman  Florence  B.  Kohn 


v& 


,,.-• 


I 


September,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  11 


ART     AND     CULTURE 

Chingwah  Lee   


— 


Three  Chien  yao  bowls  from  the  author's  collection:  Coffee  au-lait  bowl  with  pcssages  of  red  brown  color;  hare  fur  bowl,  so  named 
bcause  the  striation  appear  as  fur  embedded  in  amber;  golden  black  bowl  with  lustrous  glaze.  All  are  about  five  inches  in  diameter. 
Lower  left:  Saggers  with  bowls  in  place,  the  saggers  being  placed  one  on  top  of  the  other  without  the  use  of  covers.  Lower  right: 
Remarkable  photograph  showing  one  of  several  pits  of  a  kiln,  this  one  with  saggers  and  bowls  stacked  in  place  ready  for  firing,  ex- 
posed after  being  forgotten  for  centuries.  Lower  pictures,  courtesy  of  author's  friend,  Mr.  Kwan  Piu  Lin,  collector  of  Foochow. 


firewood^  clan  fights  resulting  in  disaster 
to  the  owner  of  the  deserted  kiln,  super- 
sition,  etc. 

;  3.  The  saggers  or  outfit  protective  fir- 
ing cases  were  never  used  the  second  time, 
which  partly  accounts  for  the  extravagant 
number  of  the  stone-like  .  receptacles. 
Many  of-  the  bowls  .were  wasted  by  the 
glaze  fusing  with  the  sagger,  or  by  un- 
even staclcing'of  the  saggers  resulting  in 


the  telescoping  of  a  series  of  saggers  and 
bowls.  Cracking  of  the  saggers  during 
the  firing  process  also  resulted  in  wastage. 
Again,  breakage  in  getting  the  bowls  out 
of  the  saggers  is  said  to  be  as  high  as  sev- 
enty-five per  cent,  if  one  may  judge  from 
a  study  of  the  remains.  The  trails  in  many 
places  are  paved  with  buried  saggers.  One 
pile  of  waste  is  forty  feet  wide  at  the 
base  and  two  hundred  feet  long,  forming 


a  ridge  twenty  feet  high. 

Not  only  is  it  difficult  to  approach  this 
region  but  all  indications  are  that  the 
supply  of  Chien  bowls  from  the  now- 
known  kiln  sites  is  practically  exhausted. 
During  recent  years  there  has  been  a  wide 
scramble  for  bowls  which  has  been  attend- 
ed by  reckless  digging,  resulting  in  un- 
usually heavy  loss  through  breakage. 
(Continued  on  page  1?) 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,  1938 


REVIEW    ANDCOMMENTS 


William  Hoy 


Q*a<U  ValUy'l  Glustatacutt  £00+1  *1a  jbtiafifieciA 

Perhaps  it  was  only  my  imagination,  But  when  I  talked  to  Yuen  Ah  Louie 

but  when  I  first  set  eyes  on  the  block-  —he  is  known  simply  as   Ah  Louie  to 

long    Chinatown    in    Grass    Valley    last  everyone  in  town— I  found  that  the  queer 

month,  under  the  glare  of  warm  summer  feeling  I  had  was  not  of  the  imagination, 

sunlight,  there  seemed  to  be  an  air  of  but  very  real  indeed.    For  the  very  first 

desolation  and  of  forlorn  hope  about  the  thing  I  learned  from  him  was  that  this 

place.    It  hung  on  the  air.    It  clung  on  Chinatown  must  move  by  the  end  of  Aug- 

the  dozen  or  so  wooden  houses  and  di-  ust.  The  land  on  which  the  Chinese  have 

lapidated   shacks  like  moss,   still,   quiet,  been  living  for  several  decades  has  been 

imperceptible;   but  it  was   there,   and  it  purchased  and  soon  a  big  market  is  to 

didn't  give  one  an  altogether  comfortable  be  built  on  it.    The  civilizing  influence 


feeling 

Like  most  of  the  older  sections  in  this 
ninety-year-old  mining  town,  Grass  Val- 
ley's Chinatown  is  surrounded  by  tall  and 
graceful   poplars   which   give  this   region 


of  commerce  is  to  destroy  another  his- 
toric aspect  of  Grass  Valley. 

Ah  Louie,  on  the  threshold  of  four 
score  years,  is  the  oldest  Chinatownian 
of  Grass  Valley's  estimated  one  hundred 


t-,  Chinese  population.  A  native  or  Heung- 
one    or    its    greatest    attractions.     1  hese        ,  ^  v     _.  .      .      ,.     .        &, 

c  ■  i  i       ti      m,-  -■  snan     (now    Chung    shan)     district    or 

trees  rainy  envelop  the  Chinese  section,  __  v  .  &  '       .       .       , 

-l  »l  •     j  l  j  -u^  Kwangtung,  he  came  to  America  in  the 

throwing   their   dancing   shadows   in  the  &    ,  ° '      .      ,.        r  _,       _ 

j  i  r         t  „i  j  early  eighties,  landing  first  at  ban  rran- 

daytime  over  the  roots  and  the  unpaved        .     '       i  f  1  T 1 

„    t     l  *         .u      .l  -j         1  Cisco,  where  he  spent  several  years.  He 

street.    In  hot  weather  they  provide  wel-  '  ;  ..  \         , 

~      1    j    r      „l    •   l  l-„     »         j  »u  .  came  to  Grass   Valley  more  than  rorty 
come  shade  tor  the  inhabitants,  and  that  ...     ..    ',.  .  ' 

11  1         •  j    j  years  ago  and  has  lived  here  since. 

includes    several    roving    cats    and   dogs. 


They  also  serve  to  soften  the  aged  and 
ugly  appearance  of  the  one  and  two  story 
houses  which  were  built  more  for  utili- 
tarian purposes  than  for  outward  beauty. 
But  even  these  poplars  could  not  conceal 
that  atmosphere  of  forlorn  hope  and  deso- 
lation I  felt  as  I  first  came  upon  the 
place.  And  the  lack  of  life  in  it  height- 
ened that  feeling. 


Speaking  English  with  scarcely  an  ac- 
cent, Ah  Louie  is  one  of  the  town's 
interesting  characters.  He  is  a  thin  man 
with  sparce  white  hair,  and  with  a  wrink- 
led— but  not  too  wrinkled — face  burned 
by  years  of  California  sunlight,  which  is 
none  too  gentle  in  these  parts.  His  bony 
frame  is  bowed  by  the  years,  but  his  voice 
tells  you  he  has  many  summers  to  live 


yet.  When  I  saw  him  I  noticed  he  wore  a 
crucifix  and  a  shiny  badge.  The  badge 
carried  this  legend: 

G.  V.  F.  D. 
Reliance  3 
Ah  Louie,  Veteran 
He  said  he  had  been  a  volunteer  fire- 
man of  the  town  for  forty  years  and  had 
won  his  badge  after  meritorious  service 
while  taking  part  in  several  big  fires.  Of 
the  crucifix,  he  wore  it  because  he  was  a 
Catholic. 

A  Catholic,  yet  Ah  Louie  is  the  keeper 
of  the  Kwan  Yin  (Goddess  of  Mercy) 
temple  in  Chinatown.  The  temple  is 
on  the  top  floor  of  a  two  story  wooden 
structure  which  long  ago  gave  up  its  pre- 
tensions of  being  a  house.  The  temple 
faces  where  the  sun  rises  and  in  order  to 
see  the  place  I  had  to  go  up  twelve  of 
the  most  rickety  steps  I  have  ever  climbed. 
At  any  moment  one  expected  any  or  all 
of  them  to  crack  under  him  and  send 
not  only  him  but  the  entire  structure 
crashing  to  earth.  When  he  has  finally 
negotiated  the  steps,  however,  and  got 
up  to  the  balcony  (over  which  a  semi- 
circular canopy  was  put  in  some  years  ago 
to  protect  it  from  sun  and  rain  and  snow) , 
he  finds  that  on  one  corner  there  is  a 
shrine  to  the  god  of  earth. 

In  the  years  when  there  were  several 
thousand  Chinese  in  Grass  Valley  the 
Kwan  Yin  temple  must  have  had  frequent 


417-425  Tenth  Street,  Oakland 
Cocktail  Lounge;  Banquet  and  Dancing  Hall;  Chinese,  American  and  Sea  Foods.  Largest  Chinese  Cafe  on  Coast.  Floor  Shows 
Nightly.   Tuesday— Free  Shrimp  Cocktail  Party  from  11   P.  M .  to  2  A.  M.;  Wednesday— Amateur  Night,  3  Prixes;  Thursdoy 
— Carnival  Night.    New  Floor  Shows  commence  every  Friday.    No  Cover  Charge.   Lunch,  Dinner,  and  Evening  Parties. 


..,*&■      --«., 


September,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  13 


REVIEWS 


AND 

William  Hoy 


COMMENTS 


visitors,  but  today  it  is  deserted  and  there 
is  nothing  left  of  the  outward  religious 
splendor  which  must  have  existed  before. 
In  the  dim  interior  the  wood  carvings 
around  the  altar  still  shine,  but  the  rest 
is  dust  and  grime.  The  lamp  in  front  of 
the  goddess  shrine  has  been  empty  of 
oil  for  a  long  time,  while  in  the  incense 
burners  repose  scores  of  incense  sticks 
that  have  long  since  given  up  their  last 
curling  whiff  of  scented  smoke.  There 
are  several  bamboo  holders  containing 
fortune  telling  sticks;  and  two  pairs  of 
wooden  blocks,  also  for  fortune  telling, 
are  thrown  carelessly  on  the  table.  Over- 
head and  on  the  sides  hang  plaques  ap- 
propriately inscribed  with  Chinese 
calligraphy  donated  by  various  individu- 
als and  societies  to  the  temple.  One  is 
from  a  woman  who  signed  herself  a  be- 
liever of  the  family  of  Yew. 

Below  the  temple  is  Ah  Louie's  abode, 
where  he  lives  alone  except  for  a  dog. 
Once  the  place  was  roomy,  but  through 
the  years  many  things  have  accumulated, 
from  pictures  to  broken  lamps,  to  fill  it 
up.  In  one  room  is  a  pile  of  lumber  so 
that  one  has  to  pick  his  way  around  the 
place  to  avoid  a  collision. 

There  is  a  little  porch  out  front  and 
here  you  find  Ah  Louie  sitting  most  of 
the  time,  watching  whatever  life  around 
him  go  by  each  day.  Almost  opposite  his 
house  is  the  other  Chinese  temple,  the 
Hou  Wang  miao,  which  is  housed  in  the 
only  good  structure  in  Chinatown.  But 
this  was  because  the  temple  underwent 
reconstruction  several  years  ago.  For 
many  years  Wong  Ah  Fong — known  only 
as  Ah  Fong — was  its  caretaker,  but  last 
November  he  died  at  the  Nevada  county 
hospital  and  his  spirit  wended  its  way  to 
the  Western  Hills. 

Several  families  live  in  Chinatown  still, 
and  there  are  enough  children  for  the 
community  to  establish  a  Chinese  lan- 
guage school.  The  school  is  only  two  or 
three  houses  from  Ah  Louie's  place,  with 
a  bell  on  the  roof  to  summon  the  twenty 
pupils  to  classes.  The  school  is  also  the 
local  headquarters  of  the  Kuomintang. 

Ah  Louie  does  not  know  what  is  to 
happen  to  him  and  to  his  temple  when 
Chinatown  moves.  The  Hou  Wang 
temple  has  passed  into  American  owner- 
ship and  will  probably  be  moved  to  an- 
other spot  in  Grass  valley  to  serve  as  a 
town  sight.  But  the  Kwan  Yin  temple  is 
owned  by  no  one  individual  or  society  and 
its  preservation  or  destruction  depends 
on  Ah  Louie  or  the  town's  chamber  of 
When    Ah     Louie     became 


GRASS  VALLEY'S  CHINESE  TEMPLES 
The  top  picture  shows  two  of  the  dozen  or  so  houses  in  Grass  Valley's  Chinatown,  just 
around  the  corner  from  the  City  Hall.  The  top  story  of  the  house  in  the  foreground  is  the 
Kwan  Yin  Temple.  The  lower  picture  reveals  the  exterior  of  the  Hsi  Shan  Hou  Wong  Miao. 
temple  to  the  Hou  Wang  of  the  Western  Hill.  A  picture  of  the  altar  inside  this  temple  was 
published  in  the  last  (August)  issue  of  the  Chinese  Digest. 


commerce. 


keeper  of  the  temple  it  was  purely 
on  his  own  volition  because  it  was  go- 
ing to  ruins.  To  Ah  Louie's  generation 
the  temple  was  a  sacred  place  of  wor- 
ship and  since  he  was  still  strongly  at- 
tached to  a  diety  which  millions  of  Chi- 
nese have  worshiped  for  centuries  he  ap- 
pointed himself  the  guardian  of  this 
religious  sanctuary.  But  he  found  that 
he  was  not  only  its  keeper  but  also 
Kwan  Yin's  sole  celestial  devotee  in 
Grass  Valley.  The  people,  he  often  sighed 
with    regret,    no    longer    worshiped    the 


gods  of  old,  not  even  one  as  powerful 
and  compassionate  as  Kwan  Yin — she 
who  hears  the  cries  of  the  world's  an- 
guished and  brings  them  surcease  of  sor- 
row. Ah  Louie  decries  the  new  genera- 
tion's irreverence  and  lack  of  faith.  But 
he  can  do  nothing  about  it.  And  so  he 
remains  Kwan  Yin's  sole  worshiper  and 
on  the  goddess's  three  birthdays,  occur- 
ring on  the  sixteenth  of  the  second,  sixth, 
and  ninth  moons,  he  burns  the  appropri- 
ate amount  of  paper  offerings,  incense, 
(Continued  on  page  18) 


Poge   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,    1938 


ROAMING    'ROUND 


H.  K.  Wong 


The  Cathayan  orchestra  will  be  swing- 
ing and  swaying  their  best  on  the  night 
of  Sept.  3,  the  date  of  their  Fall  dance  at 
N.  S.  G.  S.  hall.  The  band  rehearsed 
long  hours  on  the  latest  song  hits  and  will 
present  their  new  arrangements  that  eve- 
ning. .  .  .  Commerce  Hi's  Chinese  Stu- 
dents' club  will  be  the  first  Chinese  group 
to  give  a  skating  party  at  the  new  rink, 
the  "Roller-torium"  on  16th  and  Mission. 
The  "faw  down"  date  is  Sept.  4.  .  .  . 
Glenn  Lym's  great  hobby  is  photography, 
so  he  equipped  himself  from  a  humble 
Brownie  to  a  Super-Contax  and  plunged 
into  the  intensive  and  interesting  study 
of  picture-taking.  Exactly  a  year  later, 
he  came  up  and  won  the  first  Chinese 
Amateur  Photography  contest.  The  prize- 
winning  picture  (printed  elsewhere  in  this 
issue)  was  taken  aboard  the  Chitena 
launch  during  the  Treasure  Island  cruise. 
He  stalked  his  subjects  for  several  min- 
utes before  he  caught  thern  with  just  the 
right  expression.  The  subjects  are  Ben- 
son Fong  of  Sacramento  with  the  ukelele, 
Mary  Mammon,  Marian,  and  Leslie 
Fong  of  Vallejo,  and  Bill  Gott  of  L.  A. 
Lym,  a  Cal  graduate,  is  lab  man  for  Shell 
Oil.  He  lists  golfing  and  tennis  among 
his  other  hobbies.  .  .  .  The  members  of 
the  Wah  Ying  club,  organized  in  1936, 
have  now  grown  to  45  members.  Some  of 
the  charter  members  are  Sam  Choy,  An- 
drew Sue,  Harry  Tong,  Herbert  Lee,  and 
Harry  Lum.  They  have  their  own  cozy 
club  room  with  facilities  for  a  quiet  eve- 
ning of  bridge  and  their  own  private  bar 
to  quench  their  thirsts.  Every  year,  at  a 
tremendous  financial  deficit,  they  have 
sponsored  a  basketball  tournament  among 
the  various  teams  here  in  San  Francisco's 
Chinatown,  but  it  is  their  aim  to  foster 
the  thrilling  sport  and  to  develop  good 
sportsmanship.  Their  club  anniversary 
will  be  on  Sept.  9  and  a  varied  program 
has  been  planned  for  members  and  their 
guests.  The  next  public  project  will  be 
their  3rd  Annual  Masquerade  ball  on 
Oct.  29.  .  .  . 

This  is  an  excerpt  of  a  letter  from 
one    college    student   to    another.    "Dear 

:  It  behooves  me  to  inform  you 

that  I  must  reject  the  plan  to  accompany 
you  on  your  mountain-ascending  expedi- 
tion. Unfortunately  (perhaps  fortunate- 
ly) ,  I  have  a  group  of  mid-term  examina- 
tions on  Monday,  Tuesday,  and  Wed- 
nesday of  the  approaching  week;  there- 
fore, I  must  indulge  myself  in  excavating 
the  mysteries  of  Shakespeare,  chemistry, 
and  zoology   on   the  major  part  of  this 


forthcoming  Sabbath  Day.  Knowledge 
sounds  her  trumpet  and  yours  truly  must 

answer   the   call.   Signed  ."  In 

other  words  the  guy  meant,  "I  can't." 
.  .  .  With  the  scenic  settings  of  Lake  Ta- 
hoe  as  a  background,  Marian  Fong  and 
Bill  Got  married  at  the  Tahoe  con- 
ference. After  the  ceremony,  nearly  ev- 
eryone kissed  the  bride  and  almost  had 
as  much  fun  as  the  bridegroom.  To  you 
happy  lovebirds,  I  extend  my  personal 
congratulation.  .  .  .  The  Dong  family, 
formerly  of  Watsonville,  is  an  athletic 
family.  Four  Dongs  entered  the  first  Chi- 
nese Golf  tournament,  and  three,  Hubert, 
Marian,  and  Collin,  came  out  with  prizes. 
The  fourth,  Eugene,  slipped  up  a  little 
as  he  was  exhausted  from  a  tennis  match 
just  an  hour  before.  Marian,  who  has 
taken  up  golf  only  recently,  came  home 
with  the  coveted  prize — the  women's 
crown.  .  .  .  Tom  Foon  Wing,  wealthy 
rancher  of  Watsonville,  built  a  bungalow 
for  his  wife,  Lillie  Foey,  formerly  of  Red 
Bluff.  It  is  situated  high  on  a  hill  top 
and  commands  a  grand  view  of  the  en- 
tire Pajaro  valley.  ...  A  group  from 
Watsonville,  Hazel  Wong,  Emma, 
Charles,  and  William  Shew,  Mae,  Mil- 
dred, and  Frances  Jang,  Johnson  Shinn, 
Rev.  Steven  Lee,  George  Lee,  and  Robert 
Chin,  attended  the  Mt.  Harmon  confer- 
ence in  Santa  Cruz.  .  .  .  The  Hanford 
Chinese  club,  with  the  support  of  their 
American  friends,  made  their  Rice  Bowl 
party  a  very  successful  one.  Over  $1,000 
was  netted  for  the  Chinese  Red  Cross. 
The  Chinese  girls'  Drillteam,  captained 
by  Emma  Wing,  was  the  feature  of  the 
parade.  Captain  Gilbert  Lee's  Boys' 
Drum  corps  was  a  snappy  sight  as  they 
marched  down  the  street  in  the  night 
parade.  The  Hanford  Chinese  Students' 
club  was  in  charge  of  the  entertainment 
with  Frank  Ko  as  chairman.  Others  who 
assisted  on  the  committee  were  Lillie  Lee, 
Harriette  Wing,  Simon  Choy,  Ernest 
Wong,  Jimmie  Dunn,  William  Lowe, 
Harry  Lee,  and  T.  Y.  Sue,  president  of 
the  King  County  Chinese  Association. 
After  the  parade,  a  grand  ball  was  held 
at  the  Hanford  Civic  auditorium  to  the 
music  of  the  Cathayans. .  .  .  Nelson  King, 
assistant  manager  of  the  Spokane  Dol- 
lar store,  is  going  way  up  in  the  ladder 
of  success.  He  has  just  been  promoted 
to  the  important  post  of  buyer  for  the 
same  firm  in  New  York.  He  assumed 
his  duties  immediately  upon  his  arrival 
in  the  Big  City.  . .  .  King  graduated  from 
S.  C.  with  honors,  made  the  Rho  Chi 


National  Honorary  Scholastic  fraternitv, 
and  Delta  Phi  Sigma. . . .  Stockton  is  a 
fine  town,  don't  you  think  so,  Nelson? 

Can  you  imagine  this  note  to  all  his 
footballers  from  great,  big  he-man,  for- 
mer Ail-American  Bill  Fischer  who 
coached  the  S.  F.  Rice  Bowlers  to  their 
third  victory?  It  reads,  "A  new  little 
rose-bud  bloomed  in  our  Garden  of  Hap- 
piness." Well,  he  did!  Their  little  son, 
William  James,  arrived  with  the  first  of 
the  month. . . .  Congrats  to  Bill  and  Maf- 
cella. . . .  June  Lau,  L.  A.  top  flight  fem- 
inine net  star,  participated  in  an  exhib- 
ition match  at  the  official  opening  of  the 
Chinese  Playground  lights.  Doris  and 
May  Tom  of  the  same  city,  here  on  their 
vacation,  cheered  her  on.  . . .  Nancy  Lim, 
at  present  with  the  Dollar  Stores,  is  a 
Cal  grad.  and  was  P.  E.  instructor  for 
several  years  at  Lingnam  U.  in  China. 

More  of  our  young  men  are  going 
into  business.  The  latest  are  John  Low, 
Soon  Jung,  and  Robert  Chan,  who  start- 
ed their  hat  manufacturing  shop'recent- 
ly.  This  enterprising  trio  learned  their 
hat  making  technique  from  Lum  Leong, 
former  expert  of  the  Knox  Hat  factorv 
back  East,  and  recently  technical  super- 
visor of  a  hat  factory  in  China.  Their 
shop  is  equipped  with  the  latest  mach- 
inery to  make  any  style  hat  fit  your  suit, 
style,    and    personality.  .  .  . 

Diamond  Yee.  former  Salinas  J.  C. 
netman,  migrates  to  S.   F.  to  enter  Cal 

Pharamaceutical    school May    Wong 

was  transferred  from  a  local  hospital  to 
Cowell  Memorial  hospital  on  the  Berkeley 
campus.  She  is  the  only  Chinese  work- 
ing in  the  dispensary.  .  .  .  During  his 
hours  off  work,  Henry  On  Wong  found 
time  to  attend  a  watch-making  school. 
He  is  now  an  expert  at  repairing  the 
delicate  mechanisms  of  watches  and 
hopes  to  open  his  own  shop  soon.  .  .  .Tot 
"Save  a  Life  Dance  and  Raffle"  given 
by  the  Chinese  Patriotic  league  was  anoth- 
er financial  success.  At  that  dance  9- 
year-old  Shirley  Yimm  delighted  the 
crowd  with  her  tap  dancing.  Lillian 
Yimm,  "who  makes  the  best  chow  mien 
in  Bakersfield,"  and  sister  Doris  were 
recent  S.  F.  visitors.  .  .  .  When  von  let 
a  ferryboat  blocking  the  Bay  Bridge 
tower  out,  or  a  ship  ramming  its  w.i\ 
through  the  Golden  Gate  on  an  off 
tackle,  then  you'll  know  that  it's  Ednirrd 
Leong,  former  gridder  at  his  work.  Leone 
is  studying  navigation  and  expect.-,  to 
(Continued  i>n  page   1^1 


'»ii    .^ 


- 


I 


September;  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge   15 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

: H.  K.  Wong    


be  a  full-fledged  navigator  soon.  .  .  . 
Ben  Choye  is  a  blind  man.  He  mixes 
Heaven's  Delight  or  what  have  you  every 
night  at  a  local  bar,  and  is  also  a  sales 
representative  for  a  Venetian  blind  firm. 

Lim  P.  Lee  went  on  a  goodwill  tour 
for  the  "Digest"  back  East.  At  his  first 
stop  (Ogden)  the  first  Chinese  he 
bumped  into'  was  a  "Digest"  subscriber 
who  took  him  in  tow  and  showed  him 
the  town  besides  entertaining  him  royal- 
ly. Lim  brought  several  hundred  copies 
of  the  "Digest"  with  him,  but  so  well 
did  the  people  receive  them  that  before 
he  got  past  Ogden  he  was  wiring  for 
more.  .  .  .  Visitors  to  Portland  and  Seattle 
were  Dan  Louie  of  Oakland,  Lillian  and 
Emma  Wong  of  Vallejo,  and  Florence 
Jann  of  Stockton.  They  also  had  a  pleas- 
ant stay  with  their  old  friends  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Roy  Chann  of  Marshfield,  Oregon. 
Kit  Chung  and  Guy  Wong  came  up  with 
the  Seattle  and  Portland  boys  on  their 
tennis  tour.  Guy  is  the  business  manager 
of  the  combined  teams.  The  team  was 
entertained  effusively  by  their  many  Cal- 
ifornia hosts.  .  .  .  The  northern  boys 
told  me  that  duck  hunting  on  the  shores 
of  Lake  Merritt  in  Oakland  is  some 
sport.  I  guess  the  partners  had  something 
to  do  about  that. . . . 

For  Louise  Lee,  Sept.  3  will  be  a  happy 
day.  It'll  be  her  birthday  and  she  will  be 
sweet  16. ...  Playing  on  the  Oakland 
Dimond  Tennis  court  and  displaying  a 
nice  forehand  driving  game  was  Violet 
Quan. .  .  .  Margaret  Lun  volleys  well  at 
the  net,  while  Mansie  Wong  really  puts 
everything  in  her  drive. .  .  .  Lucy  and  Gim 
Fong  of  Sacramento  once  more  enjoy  the 
hilarious  steep  climbing  of  our  S.  F. 
hills. ... .  Gwen  and  Ada  Hall  of  Vallejo 
prefer  the  plains  of  L.  A.  for  their  va- 
cation. .  .  .  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack  Quan 
(Helen  Lowe)  drove  through  the  Red- 
wood highway  and  spent  their  little  va- 
cation in  Oregon.  They  recently  flew 
their  own  plane  to  Bakersfield  for  a  few 
hours  visit  with  their  relatives.  _ 


"China,  unless  the  signs  are  delusive, 
is  well  on  the  way  to  becoming  a  great 
and  modern  nation.  The  Japanese  might 
conceivably  retard  this  process  but  she 
could  not  prevent  it.  And  at  present,  by 
their  wanton  invasion  of  Chinese  ter- 
ritory, their  cruelty  toward  the  Chinese 
in  their  power,  and  their  arrogance,  they 
seem  to  have  done  much  to  hasten  the 
process." — Mr  E.  A.  Mowrer,  delegate 
to  China  of  the  International  Peace  Cam- 
paign. 


feV; 


1 1  &: 


V/TT(i-|,in_trrCl-^' 

cl, 


Feji-  ''Iijspcdor-J/Union.  "Is  H  rfdllij  5a{e  -fo  walk  around  dwufoiun  1 
Ins.-    \JL?  e  U  -  -  II  %t  au-fot  6ont  A  if-  ijoii .  I  iki/ik  tjou're  quile  S4J-C  - 


THE  FAMOUS  CHIEN 
KILNSITE  RE-DISCOVERED 

(Continued  from  page  11) 
Still,  hundred  of  bowls  were  recovered 
(most  of  them  are  nicked  or  cracked  or 
unevenly  formed  to  be  sure) ,  and  the 
prices  for  unearthed  bowls  have  already 
been  lowered  in  three  continents.  How- 
ever, well-preserved  authentic  bowls  which 
have  been  handed  down  from  generation 
to  generation  since  the  Sung  dynasty  re- 
main as  high  as  ever.  In  war-time  Japan 
they  still  sell  for  around  Yen  5,000.  Else- 
where prices  may  go  higher. 

Copyrighted  1938  by  Chingwah  Lee 


#150,000,000  as  of  May,  1938,  with  the 
contingent  potential  losses  soaring  far 
higher."  Mr.  O.  O.  Gallup,  Secretary 
of  the  Export  Managers'  Club. 


(This  is  No.  28  of  a  series  of  papers  on 
Chinese  Ceramic  Art.  Next  month  the 
article  will  be:  "The  Nature  of  Chien 
Yao.") 


"Direct  losses  to  American  commerce 
and  industry  in  China  as  a  result  of 
the   Japanese   invasion   total   more   than 


CHINA  EMPORIUM 

Exclusive  Chinese 
Art  Goods 

733  Grant  Ave.             Ph.  CHina  2285 

1 

1 

!; 
i 

> 

ISafe'   ' 

rT 


/ 


"^ 


Poge   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,   1938 


SPORTS 


NIGHT  COURTS  OPEN 

S.  F. — Over  900  spectators  witnessed 
the  unofficial  opening  of  the  night  courts 
at  the  Chinese  playground,  Tuesday, 
Aug.  16.  There  were  two  exhibition  ten- 
nis  matches  and  two  basketball   games. 

In  the  Men's  Doubles,  Ben  Chu  and 
Fa  ye  Lowe,  defending  champions,  de- 
feated Lyman  Lowe  and  Willie  Gee  in 
two  straight  sets.  While  in  the  Mixed 
Doubles  Mary  Chan  and  Bill  Chinn 
nosed  out  June  Lau  and  Walter  Wong 
in  best  two  out  of  three  sets. 

The  boys  lightweight  basketball  divi- 
sion gave  a  fast  and  excellent  game.  I 
guess  it's  safe  to  say  that  The  Mei  Wah 
club  won  the  girls  game,  seeing  that  it 
was  the  seniors  against  the  juniors. 

Thomas  "Gim"  Yepp  is  the  compe- 
tent choice  as  head  director  of  the 
grounds. 


■By  Davisson  Lee- 


TRAVELING  TEAM  WINS 

The  traveling  combination  tennis  team 
of  Portland  and  Seattle  chalked  up 
a  victory  on  their  first  lap  of  their  tour 
by  defeating  the  Oakland  Chinese  six 
matches  to  three. 

Singles 
Northwest         Oakland  Score 

Edgar  Lee  Richard  Chan  3-6  6-3  6-2 
George  Louie  Tahmie  Chinn  6-1  7-5 
Andrew  Chin  Keye  Chinn  6-2  7-5 

Henry  Wu       Henry  Yim  6-0  6-3 

Frank   Mar      Shane  Lew  6-3  6-1 

Warren  Moe   Harry  Fong  6-3  6-3 

Wallace  Kay    Edward  Tom  6-4  6-3 

Doubles 
Edgar  Lee  -  Henry  Wu 
Tahmie  Chinn  -  Henry  Yim  6-3  6-3 

George  Louie  -  Frank  Mar 
Edward  Chan -Shane  Lew  6-1  6-4 


Wallace  Fong  nearly  dropped  his  camera  from  the  roof  of  a  five  story  building  taking  this 
shot  of  the  Playground  with  Nite  Lites;  and  Wallace  and  his  camera  are  inseparable. 


Marianne  Kaye  Dong  and  Mrs.  Pat- 
rick Sun  played  off  for  the  Women's 
Low  Net  score  with  Miss  Dong  winning 
at  the  end  of  the  1st  playoff  hole. 

Dinner  was  held  at  the  Hang  Far 
Low  cafe  for  the  awarding  of  the  tro- 
phies. 


GOLF  TOURNAMENT 

S.  F. — The  Fall  tournament  of  the 
C.  G.  A.  A.  was  held  at  the  Ingleside 
Golf  park  on  Sunday,  Aug.  14,  with 
31   entries. 

The  first  foursome  teed  off  at  12,  noon, 
with  the  last  foursome  coming  in  about 
5:30  p.  m. 

Albert  Chow  won  the  Low  Gross  score 
with  a  77.  Charles  Low  tied  with  Thomas 
Quan  for  2nd  Low  Gross  with  an  83. 
In  the  play-off  Charles  Low  won  on  the 
third  hole. 

Dr.  Collin  Dong  Gross  an  81  but  ac- 
cepted 1st  Low  Net  trophy. 

Hubert  Dong  won  the  second  Low  Net 
trophy. 


LOWA  A.  C.  WINS 

The  Lowa  A.  C.  defeated  the  Inde- 
pendents in  a  double  header  to  take  the 
winning  trophy  donated  by  the  Chinese 
Village.  Second  prize  trophy  was  don- 
ated by  Mr.  Y.  C.  Hong,  the  well-known 
L.  A.   lawyer. 

An  Ail-Star  team  will  be  selected  to 
play   the   Chinese   team  of  San  Diego. 

Some  game  scores: 
Lowa  A.  C.  33  Nam  Que  2 

Football    27  Poly    Jeff    13 

Independents  13  Wall  Kue  11 

Lowa  A.  C.   19  Poly  Jeff  0 

Nam  Que   14  Independents   10 

Lowa  A.  C.  22  Wah  Kue  0 

Football  23  Wah  Kue  8 

Lowa  A.  C.  7  Football   3 

Wah  Kue  21  Poly  Jeff   11 

Independents    14  Poly  Jeff  2 

A  game  is  being  dickered  between  the 
winners  of  the  league  and  San  Francisco's 
Chinatown   Merchants. 


CHINESE  PACIFIC  COAST 
TENNIS  TOURNAMENT 

S.  F. — Don't  forget,  the  Largest  Chi- 
nese Tennis  tournament,  the  Pacific 
Coast.  Entries  will  close  at  6.  p.  m.  on 
Tuesday,  Sept.  13,  with  the  drawing  to 
be  held  the  following  day  and  the  first 
match  to  be  played  Thursday,  Sept.  15. 
There  will  be  four  weeks  of  continuous 
play  with  the  finals  on  Sunday,  Oct.  9. 

There  can  be  no  excuse  for  not  enter- 
ing as  Sundays  and  night  courts  are  set 
aside  for  you  workers  and  out  of  towners. 

Remember  the  closing  date  is  Tues- 
day, Sept.  13.  Send  or  bring  your  entries 
to  the  Chinese  Tennis  Club  headquarters 
at  876  Sacramento  street. 


L.  A.  TENNIS  TOURNAMENT 

Jack  Lee  defeated  Harding  Wong  in 
close  and  exciting  fiinals  to  win  the  title 
of  the  L.  A.  C.  T.  G,  the  score  being 
7-5,  7-9,  7-5. 

The  play-off  for  the  women's  singles 
will  be  between  Mamie  Sing  and  June 
Lau,  while  the  play  for  the  doubles 
championship  will  start  this  week. 

L.  A. — There  are  two  Chinese  tennis 
players  who  will  serve  on  the  Committee 
of  the  National  Public  Parks  and  Play- 


x& 


1 


I 


September,  1938 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page   17 


SPORTS 

— i By  Davisson  Lee 


ground  Tennis  championship,  Donald 
De  Bock  and  Andrew  Jue.  There  are 
also  two  who  will  represent  the  Island 
in  this  tournament,  Mr.  Sun  and  Mr. 
Yee  from  Honolulu. 


SPORTS  PICK-UPS 

Kui  Kong  "Iconics"  London  in  Dream- 
land in  the  sixth  round  in  a  scheduled 
ten-round  tango,  adding  another  win  to 
the  string  of  successes  of  this  sensational 
Chinese  featherweight. 

The  Lowa  Champs  are  jalopied  down 
to  San  Diego  for  a  little  work-out,  and 
are  expecting  to  honk  up  to  the  bay  re- 
gion to  take  on  the  Frisco  team  on  Labor 
day. 

Allie  Wong,  only  Chinese  playing  semi- 
pro  baseball  is  hitting  the  pill  at  a  .333 
clip  for  Moffat's  Manteca  Federated  Beef 
Packers  and  is  being  watched  by  Coast 
League  scouts. 

Chinatown  Merchants  Softball  team 
finished  second  in  the  San  Francisco  Rec- 
reation Softball  league — not  bad  consid- 
ering all   the  handicaps. 

Wong  Chong's  last  year  "Y"  Champ 
Basketball  teams  are  starting  practice 
daily  at  the  Association's  gym,  out  to 
win  more  gold  balls. 

Mei  Wah  girls,  under  coach  Thomas 
Tip,  have  started  to  practice  for  the  com- 
ing basketball  season.  Already  they  can 
be  seen  practicing  every  Friday  night  and 
Sunday  morning,  displaying  fine   forms. 

Lily  Mark  Hing  Chang  (my,  what  an 
armful  of  names)  recently  won  the  wom- 
en's high  score  for  the  week  with  186 
games  at  the  Chinese  Bowling  alley,  only 
Chinese  "alley"  in  the  United  States  (so 
far!). 

Remember  when  such  young  blades  as 
Chester  Chan,  Buck  Sing,  Gum  Foo,  Dr. 
Chang  W.  Lee  (brother  to  Chingwah 
Lee)  and  the  Louie  brothers  used  to 
haunt  this  bowling  alley  right  after  gram- 
mar school  let  out  years  ago? 

Wa  Sung  softballers  got  to  the  quarter 
finals  in  the  Oakland  City  Champ  match 
before  they  were  eliminated  by  the  seeded 
Number  Two  Powerful  Trojan  Powder. 

The  Twin  Dragon  bowlers  finished 
sixth  to  the  surprise  of  the  bowling  circle, 
with  18  wins  and  15  losses  at  the  Loop 
Summer  Bowling  league. 

Lillian  Yuan  proved  herself  an  able 
equestrienne  at  the  Lake  Tahoe  confer- 
ence. Frightened  by  a  wind-blown  hat, 
her  charger  started  to  do  the  big  apple 
and  fancy  steps,  but  the  sweet  cooing  of 
Lillian  saved  the  day. 


Left:  Ready  to  do  a  back-flip  is  Samy  Lee,  amateur  Diving  Champion  of  Southern  Califor- 
nia and  Jimmy  Ryan's  latest  discovery.  A  good  scholar,  he  is  also  President  of  Franklin  High's 
Student  Body.  Upper  right:  Chitena's  Treasure  Island  Launch  Party  came  to  the  end  of  a  perfect 
day.    Lower  right:  First  prize  pix  snapped  by  Glen  Lym  aboard  the  jolly  launch. 


At  the  recent  Roller  Derby,  Manager 
Leo  Seltzer  said  that  there  were  more 
Chinese  at  the  derby  in  one  night  than  the 
whole  six  weeks  in  a  similar  derby  in 
Los  Angeles. 

Emma  Wong,  star  athlete  of  Vallejo, 
is  now  pitching  softball  for  the  Vallejo 
All-stars.  Leslie  Fong  was  picked  by  the 
All-stars  to  enter  the  Vallejo  Chinese- 
Filipino  league. 

Red  Wong  of  the  Chinatown  Mer- 
chants Softball  team  is  now  coaching  the 
Chinese  Playground's  Junior  softballers 
for  the  coming  Frisco  champ  match. 

Erling  Lowe,  all-round  athlete,  recently 
took  a  civil  service  examination  to  be  Rec- 
reation leader. 


imposes  a  tax  on  all  unusual  structures 
such  as  overhead  bridges,  cellar  doors, 
unusual  signs,  tunnels,  etc. 

Again,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history 
of  the  State  legislature  of  Pennsylvania 
the  C.A.CA.  was  represented  before  the 
body  of  representatives  meeting  at  histo- 
ric Harrisburg  to  fight  the  Wage  and 
Hour  bill  for  the  Laundry  industry.  The 
committee  composed  of  Ralph  Jung,  Al- 
bert Jung,  Arthur  Lou,  and  Edgar  C. 
Clymer   pleaded    their   case    successfully. 


CHINESE  WIN  TWO  FIGHTS 

For  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the 
city  council  the  members  of  Chinese 
American  Citizens  Alliance  of  Philadel- 
phia were  represented  as  a  body  and  re- 
ceived the  recognition  of  the  city  fathers. 
A  petition  presented  by  them  saved  many 
of  the  Chinese  from  an  unusal  law  which 


Why  "Roam  Around"? 

Exclusive  with  us  in  Chinatown: 

Manhattan  Shirts,  $2  up 
Interwoven  Socks,  35c  up 

Stetson  Hats  and  Men's  Wear 

• 

BUCK  KEE 


844  Grant  Avenue 


San  Francisco 


f 


Poge   18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


September,   1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


Part  of  the  pagentry  in  the  funeral  procession  of  Chin  Lain.  The  allegorical  characters 
are  Hsuan  Chuang,  the  Buddhist  Priest  on  his  voyage  after  scriptural  truth,  Sun  Wu-kung,  the 
monkey  who  wanted  to  be  a  God,  Chu-pa-chieh,  the  pig-man  who  forsakes  all  earthly  longings, 
and  Sha  Ho-shang,  the  sand  monk. 


GRASS  VALLEY'S  CHINATOWN 
SOON  TO  DISAPPEAR 

(Continued  from  page  13) 
and  candles  and  sets  cups  of  tea  before 
her  shrine. 


Looking  at  the  last  vestiges  of  what 
was  once  a  flourishing  Chinatown  here, 
one  tries  to  roll  back  the  pages  of  history 
to  find  how  and  whence  the  Chinese  first 
came  to  this  mining  town  which  they 
later  christened  "Tai  t'so  Haang,"  the 
Valley  of  Great  Grass.  But  one  looks  in 
vain  for  such  evidences.  Perhaps  the 
record  has  already  passed  with  those  who 
have  lain  these  many  years  in  Grass  Val- 
ley's Chinese  cemetery. 

But  it  is  safe  to  assume  that  the  man 
of  T'ang  did  not  come  to  Grass  Valley 
until  the  late  fifties  or  the  early  sixties. 
By  that  time  there  were  several  tens  of 
thousands  of  these  subjects  of  the  Yellow 
Emperor  in  California.  They  too  had 
come  for  gold,  but  had  soon  found  out 
that  the  price  they  had  to  pay  for  the 
golden  nuggets,  in  the  form  of  persecu- 
tions by  the  whites,  wasn't  worth  the 
candle.  Therefore  they  turned  to  manu- 
al labor  instead,  which  was  less  profitable 
but  involved  no  physical  hazards.  :.. 


Grass  Valley  was  first  settled  in  1849. 
In  October,  1850,  the  first  nugget  of 
gold-bearing  quartz  was  accidentally  dis- 
covered there  on  Gold  Hill,  and  overnight 
the  town  became  one  of  the  richest  mining 
camps  in  that  region.  Mines  sprang  up 
and  were  named:  Grass  Valley  Slide, 
Thode  Island  Ravine,  Kentucky  Ravine, 
Pike  and  Humbug  flats,  Gold  Hill  Mine, 
Massachusetts  Hill,  the  Eureka,  North 
Star,  the  Idaho,  and  the  Empire. 

When  the  Chinese  arrived,  Grass  Val- 
ley had  reached  the  semblance  of  a  real 
and  lively  community,  and  that  meant 
women  and  children  were  evident.  By 
that  time  the  blue-eyed,  black  tressed 
and  glamorous  Lola  Montez  had  come 
and  gone  and  was  already  a  legend  in  the 
town.  Gone,  too,  was  the  child  Lotta 
Crabtree,  who  had  worshiped  Montez 
the  dancer  and  received  from  her  the 
initial  spark  of  inspiration  to  shape  for 
herself  a  like  career,  but  without  the 
notoriety  which  La  Montez  had  gathered 
in  her  tempestuous  lite.  And  Josiah 
Royce,  later  to  be  a  famed  philosopher, 
teacher,  and  California  historian,  was 
still  in  his  cradle,  just  out  of  the  swad- 
dling cloth  stage. 

When  the  Chinese  came,  Grass  Valley 
had  churches  and  schools  and  established 


authorities  of  law.  and  order.  And  some- 
how the  first  handful'  who  came  and 
foun<~l  the  town  good  happened  to  be  of 
the  Yuen  family  name,  and  they  have 
perpetuated  this  clan,  name  here,  Ah 
Louie  himself  being  not  the  least  of  these. 

And  as  usual  wherever  Chinese  "settle 
there  sprang  up  a  closely-knitted  com- 
munity, with  societies,  provision  stores, 
laundries,  and  joss  houses  to  minister  to 
their  social,  physical,  and  religious  wants. 
The  Chee  Kung  Tong,  anti-Manchu 
revolutionary  society,  ruled  supreme  here. 
as  it  did  in  many  another  Chinese  settle- 
ment throughout  the  Mother  Lode.  Np 
racketeering  group  came  in  to  challenge 
its  authority,  so  no  tong  wars  ever  occur- 
red here  to  mar  the  community's  peace 
of  mind. 

Wages  were  low  for  Chinese  laborers, 
but  there  was  work  aplenty.  Thev  took 
over  the  menial  tasks  disdained  and. left 
undone  by  the  white  miners  and  their 
families.  Chinatown  grew  until  there 
were  several  thousand  Chinese  in  Grass 
Valley.  Mines  ran  at  top  speed  and  more 
gold  seekers  poured  into  the  place.  When 
Grass  Valley  was  at  the  height  of  its  new 
found  prosperity  and  life  was  at  its  lusti- 
est, the  Chinese  were  already  well  settled 
here. 

In  the  eighty  odd  years  of  the  Chinese 
here,  their  Chinatown  has  moved  three 
or  four  times.  And  with  each  removal^ 
Chinatown  became  less  prosperous;  the 
inhabitants  had  less  work.  Before  the 
turn  of  the  century  hundreds  had  drifted 
away,  since  by  that  time  some  of  the  rich- 
est mines  had  long  ago  closed  down.  After 
1900  the  older  Chinese  began  to  die  off 
and  hundreds  of  the  younger  ones  trek- 
ked off  to  greener  fields.  The  forces  of 
disintegration  were  fast  at  work  when  the 
Chee  Kung  Tong  disappeared  and  the 
temples  were  left  unattended.  In  the 
nineties  there  were  still  half  a  dozen  gen- 


DR.  FRANK  YORK  LEE 

PHYSICIAN  and  SURGEON 
OSTEOPATH 

Takes   pleasure   to   onnouncc   to   you    fhc 
opening   of    his    office    of 

817  South   Vermont  Avenue 

Los  Angeles,  California 

Doy  and  Night   Phone  Fltzroy  6070 


I 


September,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  19 


CHINATOWNIA 


eral  merchandise  stores  left,  the  Chew 
Kee,  Got  Chong,  On  Kee,  Sang  Quong 
Tai,  Sun  Kwong  Chong  and  Sun  Tong 
Hing,  but  not  one  of  these  is  here  today. 
Death  is  coming  to  Grass  Valley's  China- 
town. 

But  although  Chinatown  will  eventu- 
ally be  no  more  (and  these  words  are  writ- 
ten not  without  a  pang  of  regret) ,  Grass 
Valley  itself  is  still  a  colorful  town  and 
still  redolent  with  memories  of  the  past. 
The  great  Empire  mine,  after  more  than 
eighty  years,  is  still  producing,  although 
some  #80,000,000  has  been  taken  out  of 
it.  The  people  here  have  been  wise  in  pre- 
serving as  many  as  possible  of  the  town's 
historic  landmarks  and  in  recording  its 
early  history.  Will  they  be  wise  enough 
also  to  preserve  Chinatown's  Kwan  Yin 
temple  in  memory  of  thousands  of  the 
pioneer  generation  of  Chinese  in  Cali- 
fornia who  have  helped  in  the  building  of 
Grass  Valley? 

(The  foregoing  is  the  first  ]of  a  series 
of  articles,  to  appear  at  intervals,  dealing 
with  the  general  history  of  some  Chinese 
settlements,  past  and  present,  in  what  was 
once  known  as  the  gold  regions  of  Cali- 
fornia. The  materials  given  here  may  not 
be  quoted  or  reprinted,  in  whole  or  in 
part,  without  permission  of  the  CHI- 
NESE DIGEST  and  the  author.) 


FLORENCE  KAHN 
ENDORSES  DAWSON 

At  a  luncheon  given  by  prominent 
Chinatown  voters  to  Ken  B.  Dawson, 
candidate  for  Congress,  a  telegram  from 
Ex-Congresswoman  Florence  Kahn  ex- 
pressing her  best  wishes  to  Dawson  for 
success  in  the  coming  election  was  read 
before  a  cheering  group.  A  resolution  was 
also  passed  at  this  luncheon  expressing 
gratitude  to  Florence  Kahn  for  the  fine 
service  done  to  the  State  of  California. 
—Adv. 


THE  RUSSO-JAPANESE 
EPISODE— AN  IMPRESSION 

(Continued  from  page  4) 
Korean  territory.  The  Japanese  then  again 
protested  against  Russia's  "unreasonable 
attitude"  in  forcing  the  withdrawal  of  the 
Japanese  consulates  in  Khabarovsk  and  in 
Blagoveschensk.  If  two  countries  were  to 
go  to  war,  little  incidents  like  any  of  these 
would  always  come  in  handy.  Will  there 
be  any  war  between  Japan  and  Russia? 
Only  time  can  tell. 


CHINESE  YOUTH  ELECTRIFIES 
23,000  AT  RANDALLS  ISLAND 

(Continued  from  page  9) 
take  drastic  action  to  halt  war  and  pro- 
tect our  world  from  destruction. 

"Ladies  and  Gentlemen,  war  is  an  ac- 
tion, and  as  such,  it  can  only  be  prevented 
by  a  more  powerful  and  potent  counter- 
action. This  is  the  time  for  us  to  get  up 
and  put  a  stop  to  war.  We  must  do  it 
today;  tomorrow  we  shall  inherit  the  earth. 
I  know  that  this  Congress  will  do  it; 
your  cheers  have  proved  it." 

CHINESE  Y.M.C.A.'s 
GO  OVER  GOAL 

Indicative  of  the  general  appreciation 
of  their  services,  especially  of  their  war- 
time programs,  five  Chinese  city  Y.  M. 
C.  A.'s,  in  their  recent  annual  member- 
ship campaigns,  wanted  only  #150,000 
but  actually  received  #167,000.  This  in- 
creasing support  is  attributed  by  General 
Secretary  S.  C.  Leung,  a  former  China- 
townian,  to  the  ever-growing  apprecia- 
tion of  the  splendid  war  service  work 
being    performed. 


SECOND  GENERATION  CHINESE 
WIN  PLACE  IN  HAWAII 

Honolulu — According  to  statistics  re- 
cently compiled  by  Kum  Pui  Lai,  active 
social  worker  and  sociologist  here,  there 
are  in  this  territory  more  than  thirty-one 
physicians  and  surgeons  of  Chinese  an- 
cestry, thirty-seven  dentists,  six  lawyers, 
twenty  social  workers,  and  fully  450 
teachers  in  the  department  of  public  in- 
struction. 

Mr.  Lai  pointed  out  that  the  Chinese 
were  the  first  immigrants  to  arrive  in 
Hawaii  and  possess  the  longest  length 
of  residence  among  foreign  groups.  "As- 
similation attains  an  accelerated  pace  out 
in  the  Paradise  of  the  Pacific,"  said  Lai, 
"and  the  grandsons  of  Cathay  have  gone 
far  on  the  rough  road  to  Westernization. 
Their  glamorous  history  runs  the  long 
gamut  of  adventures,  hardships,  failures, 
and  ultimate  successes.  Today  the  de- 
scendants of  those  sturdy  pioneers  of  yes- 
terday play  a  dominant  role  in  the  social, 
political  and  civic  life  of  the  Territory  of 
Hawaii." 


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Page  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1938 


THE   CHINESE    DIGEST 

Vol.  4,  No.  10  October,  1938 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San  Francisco,  California   (CHina  2400) 

WILLIAM   HOY,   Editor 

Per  year,   $1.00;    Per  copy,    10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For   reprints,    special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

CH I NGWAH  LEE   Associate  Editor 

LIM  P    LEE    Sociological    Data 

WALLACE  H.  FONG  Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

DAVISSON     LEE     Sports 

CORRESPONDENTS   and    REPRESENTATIVES 

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New  York   Bing   Chan,  Sophia  Chu 

Philadelphia   Henry  C.  Jung 

Portlond    Edgar    Lee 

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TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

The  Chinatown  Crier 2 

China  Cares  for  Wounded 4 

Jade  Box 6 

Youth  Congress 8 

Chien  Yao 10 

Postscript  to  Grass  Valley 12 

Roaming  'Round 14 

Sports    16 

PICTURES 

Scenes  from  "Nine-one-eight" 7 

Conference  Delegates 9 

Chien  Yao  Bowls ,11 

Richard  Halliburton 13 

Cartoon    15 


^/te  Gluncdouwi  G>Ue/i 


THE  PO-DAI  SYSTEM 
MUST  GO 

Like  some  malignant  cancer  the  po- 
dai  system  is  eating  the  heart  out  of  Chi- 
natown. The  po-dai  was  once  a  worthy  in- 
stitution, aimed  at  protecting  us  from 
greedy  landlords.  Time  was  when  land- 
lords would  not  grant  leases  to  the  Chi- 
nese merchants,  receiving  higher  bids 
from  prospective  tenants  from  time  to 
time,  forcing  out  occupants  irrespective 
of  the  amount  they  may  have  put  out  in 
the  way  of  improvements. 

In  self  protection  the  Chinese  banded 
themselves  and  devised  the  po-dai  (good- 
will or  improvement  charge)  system.  This 
is  binding  only  to  Chinese,  and  it  holds 
only  in  the  case  of  stores.  This  system  has 
served  Chinatown  effectively.  Unfair 
landlords  have  been  made  to  feel  the 
pinch  of  virtual  boycott  through  the  rais- 
ing of  the  po-dai  on  the  part  of  outraged 
merchants. 

But  now  the  system  is  harming  the  Chi- 
nese. As  each  occupant  vacates  the  place 


he  increases  the  po-dai  by  a  little  in  the 
way  of  interest  charge,  and  eventually 
important  stores  have  such  a  high  po-dai 
no  one  is  able  to  pay  for  it. 

Since  this  system  is  binding  only  to 
the  Chinese,  the  Japanese  were  able  to 
rent  many  of  the  unoccupied  stores  along 
the  choicest  section  of  our  main  street 
to  put  up  imitation  Chinese  bazaars.  For 
example,  the  site  of  the  former  Nanking 
Bazaar,  admirably  located,  fell  to  the 
Japanese  Iwata  company  because  the 
former  occupant  wanted  a  po-dai  pro- 
hibitive to  Chinese  prospects. 

To  save  Chinatown  for  the  founders 
of  this  community  we  must  junk  the  po- 
dai.  Naturally  the  holders  of  the  po-dai 
would  be  against  the  removal  of  a  system 
which  would  leave  them  holding  the  bag. 
But  the  loss  can  be  written  off  over  a  per- 
iod of  years  by  the  landlords,  the  tenant, 
and  the  holders.  Herewith  is  our  Ten 
Year  plan  for  the  removal  of  the  Po-dai: 

The  "Chinese  Six"  will  call  a  meeting 
to    which   all   existing  organizations   will 


send  a  representative.  This  body  will  elect 
a  po-dai  amortization  board  to  which  the 
landlords  are  also  invited.  All  holders  of 
po-dai  will  register,  but  only  those  who 
can  offer  receipts  or  definite  proofs  of 
having  paid  former  po-dai  will  be  ac- 
knowledged and  under  no  circumstances 
will  this  sum  be  greater  than  a  year's  to- 
tal rent. 

The  po-dai  having  been  duly  registered 
it  will  then  be  written  off  by  the  three 
parties  concerned.  To  give  an  example: 
Suppose  a  store  has  a  po-dai  of  $1,800. 
Over  a  period  of  ten  years  the  po-dai  will 
be  written  off  at  the  rate  of  $180.00  a 
year  or  $15.00  a  month.  The  landlord  will 
remit  to  the  holder  of  the  po-dai  $5  a 
month  for  the  next  ten  years  each  month 
that  the  place  is  being  rented.  The  ten- 
ant, instead  of  paying  the  entire  po-dai  in 
advance,  also  pays  to  the  holder  $5  a 
month  each  month  he  occupies  the  place. 
Meanwhile  the  holder  also  amortizes  his 
po-dai  at  the  rate  of  $5  a  month. 

What  happens  in  the  case  of  a  holder 
of  a  vacant  store?  He  registers  with  the 
board,  but  receives  his  remittance  from 
the  landlord  and  the  tenant  only  when  the 
place  is  being  occupied.  What  happens  if 
the  store  is  already-  taken  over  bv  the 
Japanese?  We  May  as  well  note  that  .such 


x& 


.s*4* 


I 


October,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


THE    CHINATOWN     CRIER 


Editorial- 


a  holder  is  guilty  of  having  failed  to 
lower  his  po-dai  so  that  his  fellow  coun- 
trymen may  have  the  benefit  of  the  store. 
In  this  case  he  receives  remittance  only 
from  the  landlord  as  long  as  the  place  is 
being  so  occupied. 

What  assurance  have  we  that  the  land- 
lord will  agree  to  such  a  plan,  and  having 
agreed  to  the  plan  will  not  later  raise  the 
rent  to  cover  part  of  his  loss?  It  should 
be  obvious  that  the  board,  backed  as  it 
would  be  by  public  opinion,  can  direct 
the  public  to  boycott  obstructive  or  unco- 
operative landlords,  but  the  truth  is,  any 
landlord  will  be  glad  to  submit  to  any 
fair  plan  which  would  do  away  with  a 
system  that  is  giving  him  the  jitters.  In- 
cidentally, after  ten  years,  when  the  po- 
dai  is  a  thing  of  the  past,  the  board  might 
continue  as  a  sort  of  Real  Estate  Arbitra- 
tion board  to  protect  Chinese  tenants. 

The  po-dai  system  must  go!  We  no 
longer  need  the  system  when  leases  and 
the  power  to  boycott  will  protect  us  from 
unfair  landlords.  The  po-dai  is  turning 
Chinatown  over  to  outsiders.  Let  us  de- 
mand that  there  be  instant  action. 

LET'S  BUILD  A 
HOTEL  FOR  WOMEN 

One  of  Chinatown's  most  pressing 
needs — whether  in  San  Francisco  or  other 
large  cities — is  an  exclusive  hotel  for 
women.  Our  girls,  more  so  than  those  of 
most  other  nations,  are  home-loving  la- 
dies who  do  not  like  the  feeling  of  be- 
ing banged  around  from  one  hotel  to  an- 
other. Moderns  may  sneer  at  this  as  un- 
tenable for  the  truly  emancipated  women, 
but  it  must  be  admitted  that  true  freedom 
and  serenity  of  mind  is  dependent  upon 
a  feeling  of  security  and  protection  which 
has  nothing  to  do  with  prudery  and  old- 
fashioned  wardenship. 

The  majority  of  the  hotels  within  and 
close  to  Chinatown  are  definitely  not  of 
the  homelike  variety  and  a  few  on  Kear- 
ney street  are  offensive  to  males  and  fe- 
males alike,  with  the  result  that  not  only 
lone-traveling  ladies  but  working  young 
business  women  are  faced  with  a  dilem- 
ma when  it  comes  to  finding  adequate 
shelter.  That  such  a  hotel  is  sorely  needed 
is  best  indicated  by  the  long  standing  list 
of  applicants  at  the  Chinese  Y.W.C.A. 
Institute  which  maintains  a  few  rooms. 

A  hotel  for  ladies  would  be  commercial- 
ly feasible  if  the  matron  is  wisely  chosen 
and  if  it  will  furnish  the  essentials  which 
will  make  the  place  attractive.  Besides  a 
few  apartments  for  those  who  can  afford 
it,  such  a  hotel  might  install  a  few  com- 


munity kitchens  for  club  cooking.  Hotel 
Evangeline  of  the  Salvation  Army,  by 
the  way,  furnishes  rooms  to  American 
working  girls  with  meals  and  maid  service 
for  as  low  as  seven  dollars  and  a  half  a 
week — a  boom  to  the  average  wage  earn- 
ers. Perhaps  some  Maud  Adams  of  Chi- 
natown will  realize  such  a  project  for  our 
community. 


YOUTH  ON  THE  MARCH 

Fourteen  months  have  passed  since  the 
Marco  Polo  Bridge  incident  started  the 
present  undeclared  war  between  China 
and  Japan  —  with  the  older  generation 
bearing  the  brunt  of  war  relief  work  in 
every  Chinese  community  in  America. 

Nothing  but  praise  can  be  sung  to  the 
elders  who  have  exerted  Herculean  ef- 
forts for  the  aid  of  the  civilians,  wounded 
soldiers,  and  war  orphans.  Now  let  us 
ask  how  the  younger  set  has  measured 
with  their  elders: 

1.  Have  we  united  ourselves  for  this 
war  relief  work  as  well  as  has  the  older 
generation? 

2.  Do  we  work  as  sacrificially  as  do  the 
elders? 

3.  Is  there  the  sustained  effort  among 
the  youth  during  this  crisis? 

Let  us  congratulate  the  Chinese  Inter- 
club  committee  of  Greater  New  York — 
they  have  got  sixteen  youth  organizations 
together  and  federated  themselves  for 
intense  war  relief  work.  We  hope  the 
youth  of  Greater  New  York  will  pull  to- 
gether unceasingly,  and  by  their  concerted 
action  realize  a  full  measure  of  relief  of 
misery  and  suffering  in  the  land  of  their 
ancestors. 

Let  us  congratulate  the  good  work  of 
the  Federation  of  Chinese  Clubs  in  Los 
Angeles  for  their  part  in  making  a  tre- 
mendous success  of  the  "China  Night" 
in  the  southland.  We  hear  that  they  are 
now  busy  with  the  Moon  festival. 

Let  us  give  San  Francisco  a  pat  on  the 
back  for  their  solidarity  of  spirit — as  is 
evidenced  by  their  enthusiastic  meeting 
with  the  Chinese  delegates  returning  from 
the  Second  World  Youth  congress. 


The  younger  set  of  Chicago,  especially 
the  Moys,  ought  to  be  congratulated  for 
rheir  close  cooperation  with  the  Chinese 
Emergency  Relief  committee  of  Chicago. 

So  far  so  good.  Lots  has  been  accom- 
plished. But  when  we  look  at  the  im- 
mensity of  the  task  before  us  we  bow  our 
heads  to  acknowledge  that  a  lot  more 
needs  to  be  done  in  teaming  up  and  in 
getting  results.  Chinese  youth  in  Ameri- 
ca— forward!  (L.P.L.) 

o 

ALL  ABOUT  US 

Would  you  like  to  see  the  Chinese  Di- 
gest turned  into  a  cooperative?  Or  would 
you  rather  have  it  as  a  society,  the  sub- 
scribers becoming  members?  Those  who 
are  as  anxious  as  the  Digest  is  to  make 
the  paper  a  vital  organ  for  the  service 
of  the  Chinese  in  America,  we  invite  to 
write  us  giving  us  suggestions. 

Are  there  any  stamp  collectors  in  our 
midst?  James  Richard  Lee  has  called  our 
attention  to  the  Harding  stamps  with 
which  we  mailed  most  of  our  Digest  the 
last  two  months.  While  not  the  rarest  of 
issues,  it  is  unusual  in  that  Harding  ap- 
peared in  profile.  May  we  call  our  readers' 
attention  to  James  Richard?  A  collector  of 
stamps,  he  started  the  rage  for  the 
"Bridge"  stamps  which  now  extends  across 
the  continent.  A  respected  engineer  con- 
nected with  the  Bay  bridge  for  the  last 
seven  years,  he  made  it  his  hobby  to  make 
Chinatown  look  Chinese.  The  next  time 
you  pass  by  the  Doll  House  at  the  Play- 
ground or  the  Twin  Dragon  Cocktail 
lounge  remember  Jimmy. 

Grass  Valley  has  the  highest  percentage 
of  readers  per  capita  of  all  the  China- 
towns in  the  United  States.  Philadelphia 
is  a  close  second.  This  should  not  surprise 
old  timers  who  recall  that  the  "Heong 
Shan"  folks  of  Grass  Valley  were  the 
first  to  pour  their  gold  into  Dr.  Sen  Yat 
Sun's  fund  to  support  the  Revolution. 
They  were  among  the  first  to  gush  forth 
brave  soldiers  for  the  Revolution  of  1911 
and  the  World  war.  And  now  their  sons 
are  found  in  disproportionate  number 
fighting  the  Japanese. 

(Continued  on  p.  19) 


THE  COVER  PICTURE 
Gracing  the  campus  of  the  University  of  California  this  fall  is  a  teen-y  co-ed 
from  the  eye-land  of  leis  and  alohas.  Atop  the  stone  steps  of  the  Life  Science 
Building,  Bernice  Heu  tells  Photographer  Wallace  that  education  is  her  major, 
lab  mice  her  chief  aversion,  dancing  her  favorite  recreation,  Pasadena  her  secon- 
dary home,  and  Chinatown  her  week-end  rendezvous. 


Uk> 


Page  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1938 


FAR     EAST 


Pat  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


CHINA  TAKES  CARE  OF 
HER  WOUNDED  HEROS 

Many  have  asked  how  the  wounded 
soldiers  and  civilians  are  being  taken  care 
of  in  the  present  conflict.  Is  it  true  that 
wounded  soldiers  are  simply  left  to  die 
a  horrible  death  on  the  battlefields?  To 
what  extent  have  foreign  nations  assisted 
medically  in  the  present  conflict? 

At  the  beginning  of  the  ruthless  inva- 
sion by  the  Japanese,  China  was  so  oc- 
cupied with  the  mobilization  of  soldiers, 
marshalling  of  arms  and  money,  evacua- 
tion of  manufacturing  plants,  universities, 
and  governmental  machineries  into  the 
interior,  little  attention  was  paid  to  the 
caring  of  wounded  soldiers.  Foreign  wit- 
nesses testified  to  the  horror  of  thinly  clad 
wounded  soldiers  freezing  and  bleeding  to 
death  on  the  battlefield  without  food  or 
medical  aid.  Those  whom  the  Japanese 
killed  outright  were  considered  the  lucky 
ones. 

But  as  the  war  continued  China  was 
able  to  perfect  not  only  her  system  of  de- 
fenses and  counter-attacks,  but  work  out 
an  efficient  means  of  taking  care  of 
wounded  soldiers  and  civilians  alike. 
Chinese  physicians  and  nurses  were  en- 
rolled into  the  Army  Medical  corps  to 
take  care  of  soldiers  while  foreign  physi- 
cians were  welcomed  into  the  Internation- 
al Red  Cross  society  to  take  care  of 
wounded  civilians. 

The  International  Red  Cross  worked 
hand  in  hand  with  the  medical  centers 
taking  care  of  wounded  civilians  while 
the  China  Red  Cross  society  soon  allied 
itself  with  the  army  to  take  care  of 
wounded  soldiers,  Chinese  and  Japanese 
alike.  Modern  warfares  have  necessitated 
a  new  type  of  medical  service  and  the 
Medical  corps  of  the  Chinese  army  has 
rapidly  adjusted  itself  to  the  new  needs. 
Medical  stations  were  erected  immediate- 
ly behind  the  front  so  that  soldiers  may  be 
given  attention   almost  the    instant  they 


— in  full  line  of  expert  beauty 
service  of  distinction 

PAGODA  BEAUTY  SHOPPE 

607  Broadway 
(by  Columbo    Hotel) 
Phone:  0606 


were  brought  into  the  field  tents.  Ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Stanley  Louie,  who  has  just 
returned  from  China  after  serving  with 
this  organization,  there  is  an  urgent  need 
for  fast  trucks  to  bring  medical  supplies 
to  these  stations,  for  many  have  already 
been  destroyed  by  Japanese  bombs.  Mon- 
ey to  the  Chinese  Red  Cross  society  would 
render  the  maximum  of  good  to  the 
wounded  soldiers  directly.  Herewith  are 
assembled  thumb  nail  sketches  of  impor- 
tan  Red  Cross  and  medical  activities  from 
various  parts  of  China: 

Great  Britain  Leads 

All  Nations  in  Relief  Work 

One  of  the  main  contributors  for  refu- 
gee relief  in  China  is  the  British  Fund  for 
Relief  in  China.  During  the  past  nine 
months  the  fund  has  made  generous  allo- 
cations to  different  centers  in  the  coun- 
try (Shanghai,  Tientsin,  Hankow,  Can- 
ton, Tsingtao,  Amoy.  Swatow,  etc.)  to 
the  extent  of  $748,324.81. 

In  England  in  times  of  national  disas- 
ter, it  has  been  customary  to  start  what  is 
known  as  a  "Lord  Mayor's  Fund."  It 
ccurred  to  the  Joint  Committee  of  th: 
British  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the 
China  association,  Shanghai,  that  the  ci- 
vilian refugee  problem  in  China  might  be 
made  one  of  these  occasions.  Negotia- 
tions were  speedily  made,  and  the  Lord 
Mayor's  Fund  drive  was  accordingly- 
started  in  London,  under  the  administra- 
tion of  the  Red  Cross  society,  the  Ch:na 
association,  and  the  Conference  of  British 
Missionary  societies.  It  was  decided  that 
a  Central  Executive  committee  be  estab- 
lished in  Shanghai  and  the  first  meeting 
was  held  on  November  9,  1937,  at  the 
British  consulate-general  under  the  chair- 
manship of  Sir  Herbert  Phillips. 

The  appeal  met  with  a  speedy  and  gen- 
erous response  in  England  and  contribu- 
tions in  money,  clothing  and  medical  sup- 
plies flowed  in  and  have  continued  up  to 
the  present  day.  It  has  been  opened  in 
England  now  for  over  nine  months  and  a 
special  effort  has  just  been  successfully 
made  to  obtain  further  gifts  of  urgently 
needed  medical  supplies.  The  funds  how- 
ever cannot  continue  indefinitely. 

It  soon  became  obvious  that  the  refu- 
gee problem  was  not  going  to  be  one 
of  quick  solution  and  chat  great  discre- 
tion in  the  allocation  of  funds  would 
be  called  for.  In  order  to  make  the 
funds  last  as  long  as  possible  and  at 
the  same  time  do  the  greatest  good  with 
the  money  available,  the  Central  com- 
mittee works  on  a  budgetary  basis,  esti- 
mates being  prepared  months  ahead,  and 


allocation  made  to  each  area  as  far  as 
possible  in  full  accordance  with  their 
needs.  Sufficient  funds  have  been  con- 
served to  carry  on  relief  work  in  all  the 
centers  for  the  next  six  months  after 
which  time  it  is  fervently  hoped  that  the 
unhappy  conditions  may  show  signs  of 
abatement.  (Digested  from  the  Shang- 
hai International  Red  Cross  News  bul- 
letin.) 

United  States  Fund 
From  Many  Quarters 

One  of  the  oldest  committees,  admin- 
istering relief  on  behalf  of  contributors 
abroad,  is  the  American  Advisory  com- 
mittee, representing  China  Famine  Re- 
lief, Inc.,  New  York.  Organized  in 
1930,  this  committee  has  handled  relief 
funds  amounting  to  millions  of  dollars 
and  has  brought  succor  to  an  equal  num- 
ber of  famine  sufferers,  be  they  victims 
of  flood  or  drought.  When  the  Sino- 
Tapanese  hostilities  broke  out  in  Shanghai 
last  August,  the  committee  proceeded 
to  go  into  war  refugee  relief.  Funds 
distributed  to  Hanchow,  Kaifeng,  Nan- 
king, Poatingfu,  Peiping,  Shanghai,  Soo- 
chow.  Shuntehfu,  Tsian  area  (including 
Putai) ,  Wuhu,  and  Peiping  since  Aug- 
ust, 1937,  amounted  to  U.  S.  £291,500. 

The  various  missionary  societies  in 
the  United  States  were  also  heavy  con- 
tributors, either  jointly  with  other  bodies 
or  singly.  The  American  Red  Cross 
society  set  out  last  year  to  raise  one 
tenth  of  what  was  contributed  to  Japan 
during  the  earthquake  of  1923,  but  failed 
to  raise  more  than  a  fraction  of  its  quota 
of  one  million  dollars  chiefly  because 
the  executive  officers  were  unable  to 
"steam  up."  However,  the  Rice  Bowl 
festival  brought  enthusiastic  response 
from  scores  of  cities  throughout  the 
continent. 

Belgian  Relief 

The  St.  Anne's  Maternity  Hospital 
for  Refugee  Women,  sponsored  and 
supported  by  the  Belgian  Relief  com- 
mittee, has  just  completed  six  months  of 
useful  service  to  refugee  women  and 
their  newly-born  babies  in  Nantao,  near 
Shanghai.  From  November  28,  1937, 
to  May  31,  1938,  the  total  number  of 
patient-day  infants,  was  8.235,  while  that 
of  patient-day  infants,  4,835.  It  has 
admitted  342  patients  and  discharged 
283.  The  number  of  infants  born  w.i- 
295  and  number  of  infants  deceased  35. 
A  free  clinic  for  out-patients  is  attached 
to  the  hospital.     During  the  six  months. 


Y£" 


^vsfc 


I 


October,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


Pat  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


15,070  patients  visited  the  clinic.     The 
cost  per  visit  was  about  20  cents. 

The  total  receipts  for  the  six  months 
were  $21,212.  21.  The  chief  contribu- 
tors to  this  sum  were  the  Association 
Amicale  Sino-Belge,  which  gave  $5,000; 
the  Belgian  chamber  of  commerce, 
$3,000;  Commission  Sino-Belge  construc- 
tion et  de  Philanthropic,  $5,165;  and 
the  Belgian  Relief  committee  of  Brussels, 
$5,000.  The  Shanghai  International  Red 
Cross  had  given  supplies  and  cash  to 
the  total  of  $1,838,  while  other  contribu- 
tors brought  in  $3,000  more. 

New  Lottery  Formed 
In  Aid  to  Refugees 

In  an  effort  to  raise  funds  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  large  number  of 
refugee  camps  here  in  Shanghai  and 
for  the  support  of  the  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  refugees  elsewhere  in  China,  a 
group  of  prominent  French  residents  has, 
after  enlisting  the  support  of  leading 
citizens  of  several  other  nationalities, 
formed  a  company,  registered  with  the 
French  consulate-general,  known  as 
"Loterie  de  Bienfaisance  pour  les  Refu- 
gies,  S.  A." 

This  company  organized  a  lottery  with 
monthly  drawings,  the  entire  profits 
going  to  the  treasury  of  the  various  be- 
nevolent societies  affording  relief  to  the 
refugees  in  Shanghai  as  well  as  in  the 
interior.  Permission  to  register  the  com- 
pany was  granted  solely  on  account  of 
the  philanthropic  object  for  which  the 
company   was   formed. 

For  the  first  drawing,  which  was  on 
August  10,  1938,  50,000  tickets  were 
released.  An  agent  has  been  awarded  the 
sole  rights  of  selling  the  tickets.  The 
agent  guarantees  a  minimum  sale  of 
25,000  tickets  at  $10  each.  Before  any 
tickets  are  delivered  to  him,  he  must 
deposit  with  the  Banque  de  Flndochine 
the  sum  of  $125,000  and  give  a  bank 
guarantee  for  the  balance  up  to  $250,000. 

Fifty  per  cent  of  the  receipts  on  the 
sale  of  tickets  will  be  used  for  prizes, 
thirty  per  cent  will  be  devoted  to  refugee 
relief  work,  fourteen  per  cent  will  be 
paid  to  the  agent  as  commission  for  the 
sale  of  tickets,  advertising  and  other 
expenses  connected  with  the  sale  of  the 
tickets,  six  per  cent  will  be  utilized  for 
the  printing  of  tickets,  office,  and  other 
necessary  expenses.  (By  M.  S.,  during 
Mr.  Sun's  absence) 


ANCIENT  JUNKS  SERVING 
WAR-TORN  CHINA 

Time  has  not  changed  the  junk  in  Chi- 
na. Through  thousands  of  years  and  de- 
spite all  the  inventions  modern  ages  have 
developed,  this  sea-worthy  means  of  trans- 
portation, said  to  be  conceived  by  one 
Kungku  Hwahu  during  the  period  of 
Huang-ti,  when  he  observed  the  behaviour 
of  a  leaf  on  water,  has  survived.  In  pres- 
ent-day China,  the  junk  serves  a  func- 
tion of  vital  importance,  transporting  pro- 
visions, wounded  soldiers,  and  medical 
supplies,  even  serving  as  booms  to  block 
Japanese  vessels. 

Plying  up  and  down  the  river  near 
Hankow  and  Hanyang  is  a  formidable 
fleet  of  4,500  junks  of  all  sizes,  from 
sailing  boats  with  a  capacity  of  1,000  tons 
to  tug  boats  of  50  ton  capacity,  according 
to  facts  secured  from  the  China  Informa- 
tion committee. 

These  junks  are  manned  by  a  force  of 
16,000  men.  Most  of  the  boatmen  live 
on  their  boats  on  which  are  their  families 
and  all  their  worldly  possessions.  Thus 
Hankow  has  a  teeming  river  population 
of  tens  of  thousands. 

During  peaceful  times,  Hankow's  boat- 
men were  engaged  in  transporting  rice 
and  other  cereals,  cotton,  coal,  timber, 
and  other  cargoes  and  they  could  earn  an 
average  of  50  cents  per  head  per  day. 
Since  the  war,  they  have  willingly  placed 
their  junks  at  the  disposal  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  their  small  junks  and  sam- 
pans have  often  been  used  as  government 
transports.  Their  daily  earnings  in  the 
employ  of  the  government  have  been  re- 
duced to  an  average  of  30  cents  per  head. 

With  their  earnings  barely  sufficient  to 
keep  body  and  soul  together,  still  the 
boatmen  sweat  with  their  daily  toil,  cheer- 
ful and  happy  that  they  are  doing  their  bit 
to  help  the  nation.  Calculated  on  the 
basis  of  20  tons  for  each  junk,  the  total 
fleet  of  4,500  in  Hankow  is  capable  of 
transporting  upwards  of  80,000  tons  of 
all  kinds  of  supplies  each  day.  The  boat- 
men are  all  members  of  the  Hankow 
Boatmen's  Trade  union  (known  as  the 
Chinese  Seamen's  union  previous  to  its 
reorganization  in  1918)  which  has  for  its 
highest  executive  body  a  Reorganization 
committee  consisting  of  seven  leaders. 
This  union  forms  one  of  the  most  active 
and  powerful  units  under  Hankow's  La- 
bourers' Enemy-Resisting  and  War-aid 
association;  and  it  is  this  association  that 
often  calls  upon  the  various  groups  of 
these  junk  crews  to  render  war  service. 


-  In  the  future  defense  of  the  tri-city  of 
Hankow,  Wuchang,  and  Hanyang 
against  the  eventual  attack  by  the  Japa- 
nese, the  boatmen  are  going  to  play  a  role 
of  no  little  importance.  Their  union  was 
among  the  very  first  that  responded  to 
the  mobilization  call  of  the  Political  Af- 
fairs department  of  the  Tri-city  Defense 
headquarters.  Among  the  1,000  men  that 
have  enrolled  in  the  training  class  con- 
ducted by  that  department  for  leaders  in 
the  various  projected  war  service  corps, 
the  Boatmen's  Trade  union  has  a  quota  of 
30  members. 

Of  the  total  of  16,000  boatmen,  ac- 
cording to  the  decision  reached  by  the  Re- 
organization committee  of  their  union, 
1,600  will  join  the  Self-Protection  corps; 
another  1,600,  the  Anti-Espionage  corps; 
while  the  remaining  eighty  per  cent  will 
serve  in  the  Transportation  corps. 

This  is  by  no  means  the  first  time  that 
junks  have  played  an  important  role  in 
warfare  in  China.  The  junks  were  used  as 
war  vessels  during  both  the  Seven-King- 
dom period  (1122-249  B.C.  or  Chou  dy- 
nasty) and  the  Three  Kingdoms  dynasty 
(221-265  A.D.)  which  were  the  periods 
of  constant  civil  strife  in  the  history  of 
ancient  China.  War  junks  had  their  first 
expedition  across  the  seas  during  the 
T'ang  dynasty  (618-907  A.D.)  when  Chi- 
nese troops  commanded  by  Hseuh  Jen- 
kwei  reached  Korea.  During  the  Mongol 
period  the  Khan's  great  fleet  was  all  but 
wiped  out  by  typhoon  storms.  Then  dur- 
ing the  Ming  dynasty  (1368-1644  A.D.) 
Cheng  Ho  led  a  formidable  fleet  of  more 
than  1,000  junks  in  an  expedition  to  the 
small  countries  in  the  Straits  Settlements. 

"There  are  a  lot  of  fellows  who  are 
going  to  save  as  soon  as  they  get  their 
debts  paid." 


VISIT   OUR    NEW    AND    ENLARGED 
CLOTHING    FLOOR 

Suits  and   Overcoats 

Thrift  Shop,  $23.50 
Castlerock,  $30,  $35,  $40 
Thos.  Heath,  $50 
Worsted  -rex,  $40 

Henry  Tom,   Representative 


Market  at  Stockton 


Page  6 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1938 


THE    JADE    BOX 


Lady  P'ing  Yu 


ON  PEARLS.  BUCK 

"Old  wisdom  still  holds  true — as  a  man 
thinketh  so  he  is.  The  kind  of  thinking 
the  Chinese  have  done  for  centuries  has 
produced  a  human  being  less  dangerous 
to  society  than  the  one  produced  by  Jap- 
anese thinking.  If  Japan  wins,  let  the 
world  prepare  for  further  strife  and  ag- 
gression or,  if  not  these,  at  least  for  con- 
stant conflict.  If  China  wins,  we  may 
hope  for  peace." 

Thus  ended  Pearl  S.  Buck  in  her  ar- 
ticle, "The  World  and  the  Victor,"  in 
the  July  issue  of  Asia.  When  I  finished 
reading  this  most  timely  and  farsighted 
analysis  of  the  future  relations  of  the 
Orient  to  the  world  after  the  war  and 
what  we  may  expect  from  the  victory  of 
this  war.  I  felt  as  though  I  had  been  listen- 
ing to  the  voice  of  an  oracle  speaker  or  a 
crystal  prophet.  What  I  heard  did  not 
impose  dumb  credulity  upon  me  or  ask 
me  to  believe  blindly  what  I  wanted  to  be- 
lieve. It  rang  true  to  my  ears  because  it 
was  so  reasonable  and  profound,  and  so 
simply  and  impartially  told. 

"If  Japan  wins,"  the  voice  seemed  to 
warn  ominously,  "Japan  will  be  a  super- 
power, holding  in  her  hands  the  Orient. 
Her  swollen  pride  will  immediately  lead 
her  to  further  conquest.  She  will  think  of 
territory  and  of  power  unmatched  since 
the  days  of  the  Roman  Empire." 

And  very  hopefully  and  emphatically 
the  voice  reassured  us  of  the  immeasurable 
benefit  that  would  come  to  the  human  race 
for  China  to  be  victorious.  "If  China 
wins — nothing  will  be  too  great  for  her 
to  accomplish  or  to  try  to  accomplish. 
There  will  be  such  a  boom  in  China  as 
few  periods  in  history  have  ever  seen. 
Markets  will  be  open  to  every  sort  of  pur- 
chase from  abroad. — She  will  want  ev- 
erything at  once,  not  only  to  rebuild  what 
has  been  destroyed,  but  to  develop  the 
hinterlands  which  the  war  has  opened. — 
The  common  people  of  China  are  not  com- 


Gkinele.  Il/othi. 
<4  Alt 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


ing  out  of  this  war  the  inarticulate  crea- 
tures they  were  when  they  went  into  it. 
The  war  has  waked  them  up.  .  .  ." 

"China  as  victor  will  have  a  sterner 
foreign  policy  than  she  has  ever  had. 
Foreign  troops  will  not  be  tolerated  and 
there  will  be  no  more  foreign  ships  of 
war  in  Chinese  waters.  ...  In  brief, 
China  victorious  will  become  a  first-class 
power  in  an  incredibly  short  time,  but 
not  an  imperialistic  power.  She  will  not 
change  her  essential  nature.  She  has  not 
the  aims  of  dictatorship  nor  of  empires, 
.  .  .  she  needs  no  colonies  and  has  great 
resources  within  her  own  borders.  .  .  . 
Individuals  anywhere  do  not  greatly  differ 
from  other  individuals  in  the  proportion 
of  good  to  bad.  But  the  Chinese  way  of 
thinking  and  being  is  better  for  the  human 
race  than  the  Japanese  way  of  thinking 
and  being." 

To  me,  a  gentle  warning  to  the  world  is 
sounded  in  this  message.  And  a  wise 
world  will  give  it  heed — for  to  be  fore- 
warned is  to  be  forearmed.  And  I  doubt 
very  much  Chinese  people  of  vision  could 
take  lightly  what  Miss  Buck  has  so  aptly- 
said.  Theirs  is  to  accept  the  challenge  that 
a  victorious  and  a  strong  China  (and  she 
must  be)  will  mean  peace  and  happiness 
to  a  war-weary  human  race. 

o 

ON  BOAKE  CARTER 

It  is  a  known  fact  that  columnists  are 
an  unpredictable  species.  It  is  also  a  known 
fact  that  columnist  Boake  Carter  had 
never  been  overly  generous  in  his  sym- 
pathies for  the  Chinese.  But  for  his  very 
fair-minded  observation  on  the  unfair 
treatment  of  Chinese-blooded  Americans 
in  a  recent  column  entitled,  "Hard  on 
Chinese,"  he  deserves  a  big  vote  of  thanks 
from  our  Chinese  American  Citizens'  Al- 
liance and  other  kindred  organizations  of 
native-born  United  States  citizens. 

The  indignities  we  have  to  be  subjected 
to  and  the  humiliation  of  "cradle  to  date" 
investigation  to  determine  our  eligibility 
to  spend  a  day  across  the  border  in  Cana- 
da or  in  Mexico  or  even  to  visit  an  Ameri- 
can territory  have  been  a  gigantic  thorn 
in  my  side  and  one,  as  Mr.  Carter  had 
said,  that  "no  other  United  States  native 
citizen  would  accept  without  strong  and 
caustic  protest." 

A  Chinese-blooded  American  citizen 
five  generations  removed  from  Asia  re- 
ceives worse  governmental  treatment  than 
a  second  generation  European-American 
or  even  a  Japanese-blooded  native  Ameri- 


can. Special  ports  of  entry  to  the  United 
States  which  have  been  designated  by 
governmental  ruling  for  the  alien  Chi- 
nese are  also  imposed  upon  the  native- 
born  Chinese  American.  And  they  are 
treated,  hounded,  and  made  to  feel  like 
aliens  upon  their  return  to  their  own  na- 
tive country  when  travel  takes  them  out  of 
the  United  States.  Regular  passports  is- 
sued to  all  self-respecting,  native-born 
Americans  are  denied  the  Chinese-blood- 
ed American. 

As  Mr.  Carter  had  pointed  out,  we 
"have  given  our  blood  and  our  labor  to 
our  native  land  as  any  other  citizen  whose 
blood  is  that  of  another  racial  label."  Why 
should  we  have  to  suffer  the  bitter  hu- 
miliation of  being  yanked  from  tourist 
busses  on  a  day's  tour  of  Niagara  Falls 
across  the  American  border,  of  being  left 
in  San  Diego  on  a  projected  few  hours 
spree  to  Mexico,  or  of  having  to  report 
here  and  to  prove  there  to  buy  passage  to 
vacation  in  the  Panama  Canal  zone  or  in 
Honolulu?  Like  Mr.  Carter,  I  too,  won- 
der. If  I  interpret  Mr.  Carter  correctly,  he 
has  indicated  for  us  a  path  to  take  to  gain 
equal  treatment  accorded  other  American 
citizens. 

How  shall  we  go  about  it,  Chinese- 
blooded  Americans? 


FACTS  ABOUT  CHINESE  COOKERY 
AND  HABITS  OF  EATING 

Leftovers  from  any  banquet  may  be 
reheated  together  with  lettuce  and  be  per- 
fectly palatable.  (This,  quite  contrary  to 
even  the  remotest  idea  of  rehashing  your 
fish  entree  with  roast  beef  and  a  fruit 
salad.) 

Garlic  in  watercress  soup  or  "gow  gee" 
soup  destroys  all  minute  plant  life  and  as- 
sures one  of  a  "good,  healthy  soup." 

Chinese  ginger  (dried,  not  the  confec- 
tionery brand)  added  in  the  cooking  of 
sea  foods  does  away  with  all  "fishy 
smells,"  and  when  added  to  the  cooking 
of  tomatoes  improves  the  taste  tenfold. 

Soy  sauce  is  indispensable  in  frying 
"chow  mein"  as  it  contributes  the  golden 
(Continued  on  p.  6) 

Scenes  from  the  recent  "Nine-one-eight"  Pa- 
rade and  Rally  in  San  Francisco  Chinatown.  In 
middle  right  Mr.  Wong  Chce  announces  the 
opening  of  a  China  Defense  Dramatic  League 
while  Paul  Chan,  secretary  to  the  League 
lends  moral  support  nearby.  Lower:  Inaugura- 
tion Banquet  of  the  Junior  Chinese  Chamber 
of  Commerce  at  the  Shanghai  Low  Cafe,  with 
over  a  hundred  members  ond  guests  attend- 
ing. 


x%& 


'"*■<■■- 


October,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  7 


f>oge  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1938 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


CHINA  AND  THE  WORLD  YOUTH 
CONGRESS  AT  VASSAR  COLLEGE 

China  sent  a  delegation  of  thirty  youths 
to  the  Second  World  Youth  congress  held 
at  Vassar  college,  Poughlceepsie,  New 
York.  The  Chinese  delegation  is  com- 
posed of  fourteen  youths  from  all  parts 
of  China  (including  the  Japanese  occu- 
pied areas) ,  twelve  students  studying  in 
the  American  universities,  two  from  the 
overseas  Chinese  in  the  United  States,  and 
two  from  the  overseas  Chinese  in  Europs. 

From  the  opening  reception  on  Aug. 
15,  1938,  to  the  signing  of  the  Vassar 
pact  on  Aug.  23,  the  Chinese  delegates 
have  won  the  respect  and  admiration  of 
the  500  delegates.  With  the  exception  of 
a  very  small  minority  of  radicals  and  paci- 
fists the  Congress  went  on  record  favoring 
China's  war  of  resistance,  promised  to 
work  for  government  embargoes  on  war 
materials  to  Japan,  prosecute  the  econom- 
ic boycott  of  Japanese  goods,  extend  hu- 
manitarian aid  to  Chinese  civilians,  and 
to  seek  financial  assistance  for  the  re- 
habilitation of  China's  war  areas  and  the 
reconstruction  of  China's  economy. 

The  Chinese  Digest  takes  pleasure  in 
presenting  some  of  the  reports  and  mem- 
oranda presented  by  the  Chinese  delegates 
to  the  various  commissions.  In  the  com- 
mission on  the  Philosophical  Basis  of 
Peace,  the  Chinese  report  was  drafted  by 
the  writer  with  the  kind  suggestions  of 
Dr.  Poelui  Dai,  editor  of  the  China 
Quarterly  of  Shanghai.  The  full  text  of 
the  report  is  as  follows: 


Commission  on  the 
Philosophical  Basis  for  Peace 

The  youth  of  the  world  is  faced  with 
a  choice  of  an  ultimate  loyalty  to  a  to- 
talitarian state,  or  the  loyalty  to  a  world 
state  based  on  collective  security.  The  will 
of  God  has  been  invoked  in  both  cases, 
therefore  it  is  necessary  to  decide  on  an  in- 
terpretation of  the  will  of  God  before  we 
can  make  our  choice  of  an  ultimate  loyal- 
ty. In  the  totalitarian  state  freedom  of 
worship  is  denied,  the  religious  bodies  are 
merely  an  instrumentality  of  the  state, 
and  the  interpretation  of  God's  will  is 
prescribed  by  the  agent  of  the  state.  In 
the  state  which  subscribes  to  democracy 
and  collective  security,  the  freedom  of 
worship  is  respected,  religious  bodies  are 
free  to  organize,  and  the  interpretation  of 
God  is  dependent  upon  the  cultural  and 
moral  heritage  of  the  group.  The  Chinese 
delegation  .affirms  that  a  state  of  democra- 
cy and  collective  security  is  the  only  state 
fit  for  the  survival  of  humanity. 

Peace  is  indivisible  and  cannot  be  sepa- 
rated into  parcels  like  commodities.  Peace 
is  an  entity  for  all  nations.  There  is  no 
peace  for  one  nation  unless  it  is  for  all 
nations.  Pacifists  have  misunderstood 
peace  to  be  individual  negativism  and  col- 
lective isolation,  and  therefore  as  a  direct 
result  China  has  been  victimized  by  an 
aggressor  nation.  The  failure  of  an  in- 
strumentality of  the  world  state  lies  in  the 
inability  to  apply  economic  sanctions 
quickly,  and  the  fear  of  mobilizing  an 
international  peace  force.  The  solidarity 
of  the  human  race  depends  upon  the 
world  state  to  bring  the  aggressor  to  jus- 


Literary  Chinese 

Edited  by  Herrlee  Glessner  Creel 

A  word  by  word  translation  of  the  Chinese  Classic  Hsiao  Ching,  together  with  a 
section  giving  the  etymology  of  each  character,  notes  on  studying  Chinese,  development 
of  the  script,  use  of  the  Chinese  dictionary,  etc.    $3.00  Postpaid. 

The  Case  Against  Japan 

By  Dr.  Charles  R.  Shepherd 

Recommended  by  the  Book  of  the  Month  Club,  Madame  Chiang  Kai-shek,  Consul- 
General  Chao-Chin  Huang,  and  others.  "Never  in  my  judicial  experience  have  I  heard 
a  'case'  presented  more  impartially." — Justice  W.  Curtis  of  the  Sup.  erne  Court  of 
California.    $2.50  Postpaid. 

CHINESE  TRADE  AND  TRAVEL  BUREAU 


BOOK   DEPT. 


868  WASHINGTON   ST.,  S.   F. 


tice,  prompt  punishment  by  economic 
sanctions  for  violating  international  law 
and  an  effective  international  police  or- 
ganization to  enforce  collective  security. 

An  "ethos"  for  international  law  is  on- 
ly possible  through  the  education  of  the 
young  for  peace.  A  differentiation  must  be 
made  in  the  summiim  bonum  of  true  mor- 
ality and  false  morality.  False  morality 
lies  in  the  desire  for  acquisitiveness,  pow- 
er, and  plunder  in  individual  life,  and 
when  manifested  in  group  life  it  is  dic- 
tatorship, aggression  and  imperialism. 
True  morality  lies  in  co-operation,  altru- 
ism, and  mutual  understanding,  and  when 
transferred  into  international  relations, 
it  is  respect  for  sovereignity,  mutual  re- 
spect for  independence  and  the  admin- 
istrative and  territorial  integrity,  collec- 
tive security,  and  international  law  and 
order. 

Previous  to  the  World  war  in  1914,  in- 
ternational justice  was  only  possible 
through  the  balance  of  power  among  na- 
tions, and  as  a  direct  consequence  of  this 
theory  of  world  state,  we  had  four  years 
of  scourge  and  murder.  After  the  World 
war  the  nations  tried  to  establish  an  inter- 
national morality  through  the  League 
of  Nations  covenant,  international 
agreements  as  in  the  Washington  con- 
ference, and  in  the  Kellogg  Anti-War 
pact.  Led  by  Japan,  this  post  war  ideal- 
ism of  international  justice  based  on  mor- 
ality was  spurned  and  the  Chinese  people 
are  being  slain  because  of  the  flouting 
of  international  justice,  law  and  order  bv 
an  aggresor.  The  Chinese  delegation  af- 
firm that  justice  is  above  peace,  for  there 
will  be  no  peace  if  there  is  no  justice.  The 
last  six  years  have  proved  that  to  the 
Chinese  people.  Peace  to  the  Chinese 
means  harmony  and  equality,  and  the 
Chinese  people  have  always  loved  peace, 
but  unless  justice  affirms  this  harmony 
and  equality  among  nations,  there  will 
never  be  peace! 
Commission  on  the 
Machinery  for  Peace 

The  text  of  the  Chinese  memorandum, 
drafted  by  Dr.  Mou-sheng  Lin,  follows: 
The  problems  that  challenge  the  youth 
of  the  world  today  are  complex  and  nu- 
merous and  can  be  solved  only  in  terms 
of  concrete  action.  We  believe  that  such 
action  must  conform  as  far  as  possible 
to  the  following  principles: 

1.  Respect  for  the  Dignity  of  Man.  The 
state  is  created  for  man,  not  man  for  the 
state.  The  liberties  of  conscience,  thought, 
speech,  assembly,  and  association  shall  be 


-•*#•-       Sjfe 


October,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


protected,  and  the  rights  to  work  and  to 
live  shall  be  guaranteed,  by  the  state. 

2.  Respect  for  the  Equality  of  All  Na- 
tions and  Races.  No  nation  has  a  divine 
mission  to  control  any  other  nation;  no 
race  is  in  any  sense  superior  to  any  other 
race. 

3.  Development  of  a  General  Ethos, 
which  will  be  the  basis  of  international 
law  and  order.  The  nations  of  the  world 
must  seek  to  develop  a  common  con- 
science of  humanity  and  a  common  com- 
munity of  interests  and  rights. 

4.  Making  the  World  Safe  for  Differ- 
ences. Realizing  that  there  will  always  be 
differences,  racial,  religious,  cultural,  eco- 
nomic, and  political,  we  must  respect  these 
differences  and  establish  a  condition  of 
existence  in  which  these  differences  may 
co-exist  without  compromising  or  destroy- 
ing one  another. 

5.  Renunciation  of  War  as  an  Instru- 
ment of  National  Policy.  By  the  Pact  of 
Paris,  the  right  to  war,  the  ancient  sym- 
bol of  sovereignty,  is  declared  illegal.  Any 
signatory  that  violates  the  pact  violates 
both  the  conscience  of  man  and  the  law 
of  nations.  The  other  signatories  have 
the  right  and  obligation  to  embargo  the 
exportation  of  war  materials  to,  and  boy- 
cott the  importation  of  goods  and  serv- 
ices from,  the  violator,  and  the  right  and 
obligation  to  sever  political  and  diplo- 
matic relations  with  the  violator,  until 
the  violator  ceases  the  act  of  violation. 

6.  The  Sanctity  of  Treaties  and  Agree- 
ments. International  treaties  and  agree- 
ments that  are  freely  entered  into  should 
be  respected  and  honored.  Treaties  and 
agreements  that  are  obsolete  or  contracted 
under  duress  should  be  revised  by  pacific 
means  through  proper  diplomatic  chan- 
nels. 

7.  Reduction  of  Armament  and  Crea- 
tion of  International  Police.  World  dis- 
armament is  essential  to  lasting  peace. 
The  maintenance  of  world  order  requires 
an  international  police  force.  The  immi- 
nent danger  of  war  that  threatens  the 
world  today  calls  for  an  immediate  inter- 
national   convention   on    disarmament. 

8.  International  Economic  Cooperation. 
Economic  isolationism  is  not  only  uneco- 
nomical, but  also  breeds  war  and  aggres- 
sion. Nations  should  cooperate  in  estab- 
lishing a  stable  international  financial  sys- 
tem in  regulating  world  production  and 
distribution  on  the  basis  of  justice  to  all 
peoples  and  classes,  and  in  transforming 
the  cycle   of  boom  and  depression   into 


Lim  P.  Lee 


Reception  to  Chinese  delegates  of  the  Second  World  Youth  conferen;e  by  the  Junior  Chinese 
Chamber  of  Commerce.  Note  moon-shaped  poster  informing  delegates  H.  N.  Chen,  F.  Y. 
Young,  and  B.  C.  Lui  of  the  coming  Moon  Festival  on  October  the  8th. 


a  progressive  state  of  international  well- 
being. 

Commission  on  the 
International  Role  of  Youth 

Peace  sentiments  alone,  as  anyone  can 
see,  are  not  sufficient;  therefore  we  wish 
to  recommend  that  they  be  translated  into 
action: 

1.  Assistance  to  Victims  of  Aggression. 
No  one  except  those  who  have  witnessed 
the  indiscriminate  slaughter  of  civilians, 
especially  women  and  children  in  China, 
can  fully  appreciate  the  tragic  condition 
of  the  innocent  victims.  Thirty  million 
civilians  are  roaming  today  among  war- 
torn  cities  in  China,  without  food  and 
shelter.  Thousands  of  children  have  been 
made  orphans.  Innumerable  students  have 
been  deprived  of  the  opportunity  for 
schooling.  Every  day  we  hear  of  further 
ruthless  bombings.  The  World  Youth,  for 
the  sake  of  humanity,  will,  we  hope,  at 
least  give  help  to  civilian  sufferers. 

2.  Economic  Non-Cooperation  with  the 
Aggressors.  We  are  not  advocating  inter- 
national military  intervention;  but  we  do 
advocate  economic  non-cooperation  which 
is  the  most  peaceful  and  effective  way  to 
stop  aggression.  Former  American  Secre- 
tary of  State  Henry  L.  Stimson  said  in 
his  letter  to  the  New  York  Times,  Oct. 


6,  1937:  "The  lamentable  fact  is  that 
today  the  aggression  of  Japan  is  being 
actively  assisted  by  the  efforts  of  men  of 
our  nation  and  men  of  the  other  great 
democracy — the  British  Commonwealth 
of  Nations.  It  is  not  only  being  actively 
assisted,  but  our  assistance  is  so  effective 
and  predominant  that  without  it  even 
today,  the  aggression  would  in  all  proba- 
bility be  promptly  checked  and  cease." 
To  carry  out  this  economic  non-coopera- 
tion with  the  aggressor  two  things  are 
important: 

a.  Economic  Boycott.  A  catalog  of 
goods  "made  in  Japan"  should  be  made. 
Here  is  the  challenge  for  the  World  youth 
— this  difficult  but  very  important  task  of 
getting  this  catalog  made  to  guide  the 
participants  of  the  boycott  effectively. 

b.  Embargo  of  War  Supplies  to  Ag- 
gressor Nations.  An  embargo  on  these 
materials  will  promptly  check  and  step 
the  aggression.  We  propose  the  following 
ways  of  effecting  such  an  embargo:  (1) 
Demonstration  by  youth  organizations; 
(2)  Use  of  political  pressure  upon  na- 
tional and  local  government  officials,  con- 
gressmen and  senators;  (3)  Writing  in- 
dividual letters  to  governmental  officials; 

(Continued  on  p.  19) 


W/ 


Page   10 


CH I NESE     DIGEST 


October,  1938 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


THE  CHIEN  YAO 

AND  OTHER  TEMMOKUS 

As  was  stated  in  the  last  issue  of  the 
Chinese  Digest,  the  re-discovery  of  the 
long  lost  kilnsites  of  the  famous  Chien- 
yao,  which  operated  during  the  Sung  dy- 
nasty, resulted  in  a  fresh  wave  of  enthusi- 
asm over  this  stoneware. 

The  potters  made  nothing  but  bowls 
and  these  fall  typically  into  three  main 
sizes,  corresponding  to  the  poh  or  soup 
bowls,  the  largest  found  of  which  is  eight 
inches  across,  the  wan  or  rice  bowls,  from 
four  to  five  inches  in  diameter,  and  the 
pui  or  tea  bowls,  three  inches  or  less  in 
diameter. 

The  Chien-yao  body  is  a  grayish  black 
porcelaneous  stoneware,  being  reddened 
slightly  where  exposed  to  the  heat  of  the 
kiln.  The  texture  is  coarse  and  somewhat 
porous.  This  clay  is  undoubtedly  the  wu- 
ni  or  black  earth  mentioned  by  early  Chi- 
nese writers. 

The  shape  suggests  the  ting-yao  but  the 
wall  of  the  bowls  is  generally  too  thick 
to  be  from  ting  centers.  It  also  borders 
on  some  Tzu-chou  bowls,  but  while  the 
Tzu-chou  bowls  are  often  of  the  same 
thickness  the  body  is  of  a  different  ma- 
terial and  they  lack  the  rigid  uniformity 
which  characterizes  the  Chien-yao.  Prac- 
tically all  Chien-yao  rice  bowls  have  a 
slight  constriction  just  below  the  mouth 
rim,  apparently  a  device  to  retard  the 
downward  flow  of  the  glaze  during  the  fir- 
ing process. 

The  glaze  itself  is  thick  and  treacly, 
forming  a  beautiful  deep,  lustrous  pool  on 
the  inside  bottom,  while  on  the  outside 
it  either  terminates  with  a  gentle  roll  a 
little  short  of  the  base  or  it  forms  tears. 
The  typical  glaze  is  a  brown  black  mix- 
ture, "each  struggling  to  gain  supremacy." 
The  basic  color  is  probably  black,  the 
brown  appearing  superficially  as  the  re- 
sult of  the  precipitation  of  excess  iron 
oxide.  There  is  an  all-black  variety,  the 


CHINA  EMPORIUM 

"The  hub  of  Chinatown" 
CHINESE  ART  GOODS 

PORCELAIN  BAMBOO 

BRASS  WARES         GRASS  WARES 
RATTEN  CAMPHORWOOD 

CHEST 
733-35  Grant  Avenue 
San  Francisco     Phone  CH  2285 

When  in  Chinatown  visit  our  store 
and  showrooms.  OPEN  EVENINGS. 


making  of  which  is  said  to  be  a  monopo- 
listic Imperial  grant.  The  black  has  a 
purplish  tinge  which  is  exceedingly  attrac- 
tive. It  may  be  considered  a  forerunner  or 
the  wu-chien  or  mirror-black  glaze.  There 
is  an  all-brown  variety,  the  brown  being 
essentially  a  film  over  the  black  glaze;  it 
is  treasured  in  Japan  as  "kaki  temmoku." 
Some  brown-black  bowls  acquire  a  coffee- 
green  color. 

A  large  number  of  the  bowls  have 
glazes  which  are  shot  through  with  brown 
streaks  or  striations,  giving  an  effect  like 
fur  embedded  in  black  glass  or  amber. 
These  are  known  as  "hare  fur"  or  "par-" 
tridge  feather"  markings.  The  older  theo- 
ry that  this  is  the  result  of  the  formation 
of  complex  mica  compounds  now  gives 
way  to  the  supposition  that  it  is  the  pre- 
cipitation of  ferric  oxides  on  a  glaze  the 
basic  constituent  of  which  is  iron  existing 
as  ferrous  oxide,  ferric  oxide,  or  ferrosic 
oxide.  (See  A.  L.  Heatherington's  excel- 
lent work,  Chinese  Ceramic  Glazes,  Cam- 
bridge University  Press.) 

But  whatever  the  precipitation,  how 
can  we  account  for  the  numerous  mani- 
festations— cafe  au-lait,  hare  fur,  striated 
black,  and  in  the  case  of  other  temmokus, 
oil  spots,  neckings,  etc. — which  arise 
from  the  deposition  of  a  single  chemical 
residue? 

We  may  assume  here  that  the  precipita- 
tion started  first  near  the  mouth  rim  where 
it  is  most  exposed  and  hottest  and  hence 
most  destructive  to  the  alkalinity  which 
helps  to  keep  the  oxides  in  solution.  These 
precipitates  stream  down  the  glaze  a  little 
faster  than  the  glaze  itself,  being  heavier 
than  the  rest  which  is  in  solution.  Where 
there  are  but  traces  of  these  precipitates 
they  show  up  as  silvery  gray,  barely  no- 
ticeable in  the  heavy  black  glaze,  but  not 
unobservable.  This  accounts  for  the  nu- 
merous black  bowls  with  brown  rims  and 
faint  silvery-gray  striation. 

Soon  these  silvery  gray  precipitates  pro- 
ceeded to  turn  brown,  resulting  in  the 
brown  striation  or  "hare  fur"  effect.  If 
the  striation  is  finer  and  assumes  a  wavy 
or  curly  pattern  it  is  known  as  "partridge 
feather"  effect.  As  the  precipitation  in- 
creases the  underlying  black  is  soon  en- 
tirely covered  or  nearly  so  and  we  have  the 
brown  bowl,  which  typically  has  but  little 
of  the  striation  in  evidence.  This  brown 
may  be  considered  the  first  of  the  cafe  au- 
lait  color.  We  do  not  know  what  causes 
the  silvery  gray  to  turn  brown,  whether 
it  is  further  oxidation  changing  ferrosic 
oxide  to  ferric  oxide,  increased  acidity  of 
the  glaze,  or  excess  heat,  but  sometimes 


the  precipitate  remains  a  silvery  gray,  even 
when  it  collects  at  the  inside  bottom  as  a 
scum. 

Depending  on  a  host  of  uncertain 
factors,  such  as  the  thickness  of  the 
glaze,  the  body  material,  the  rapidity 
of  the  cooling  process,  amount  of  oxy- 
gen in  the  kiln,  the  superimposition  of 
one  glaze  over  another  having  a  slightly 
different  oxide  composition,  etc.,  the  pre- 
cipitates of  the  Chien-Yao  or  other  re- 
lated wares  may  not  stream  downward 
as  streaks  but  break  out  as  specklings, 
neckings,  or  splashes. 

Fleckings  are  probably  secured  by 
having  the  glaze  very  thin  so  that  the 
precipitates  do  not  have  a  chance  to 
stream  downward  but  break  out  all  over 
the  surface.  The  most  desirable  fleckings 
are  those  which  are  silvery  in  color,  but 
many  will  be  found  to  have  turned  a 
reddish  brown.  That  the  Sung  potters 
were  able  to  produce  these  wherever 
they  want  them  at  will  is  indicated  by  a 
Honan  bowl  where  the  fleckings  are 
arranged  in  the  shape  of  a  star. 

Splashes  are  probably  produced  by 
painting  over  a  glazed  bowl  dabs  of  an- 
other glaze  mixture  before  submitting 
them  to  the  fire.  That  this  is  produced 
at  will  is  again  indicated  by  bowls  hav- 
ing three  splashes  placed  equal  distance 
from  one  another  on  the  inside  surface. 
Speckling  represents  perhaps  the  earli- 
est of  the  tea  dust  effect.  Tea  dust  of 
the  Ch'ing  period  is  produced  generally 
by  spraying  another  color  on  a  glazed 
ground.  But  those  on  the  Chien-yao 
are  produced  by  different  means  and  are 
not  easily  explained.  Careful  examina- 
tion shows  that  the  beautiful  specklings, 
generally  of  a  straw  yellow  on  a  brown- 
black  ground,  are  really  minute  erup- 
tions resulting  perhaps  from  the  bursting 
of  minute  bubbles,  but  unlike  the  usual 
pinholes  they  are  highly  irregular  in 
shape,  and  the  eruptions  do  not  proceed 
to  close  but  remain  as  differently  colored 
specklings. 

Related  to  the  Chien-yao  is  a  host  of 
other  beautiful  glazes  of  a  similar  nature 
which  we  term  either  as  Chien  type  or 
temmoku.  The  class  name,  temmoku  or 
temmoku  shan,  is  derived  from  Tien 
Mu  Shan,  the  name  of  a  mountain  in 
Chekiang,  China,  from  which  the  Japan- 
ese Zen  (Chinese,  Chan)  Buddhist  pil- 
grims first  had  access  to  these  bowls. 
The  Chien  type  potters  made  not 
only  bowls,  but  also  jars,  vases,  and  other 
vessels.     They   also    have    a    number  of 


X& 


^0"     *te& 


I 


October,  1938 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  11 


ART     AND     CULTURE 

Chingwah  Lee  


Left  to  right:  Chien  yao  with  speckled  or  tea  dust  effect;  Honan  Chien   with  silvery  and  brick 
arranged  in  the  shape  of  a  star;  dull  black  Chien  yao  with  fissures  on  the  outside  resembling 


red   flecks;   Honan   Chien   with    silvery   flecks 
lizard  skin.  Writer's  collection. 


other  glaze  effects  which  are  foreign 
to  the  Chien  potters,  and  we  are  almost 
tempted  to  conclude  that  the  Chiens 
may  have  been  a  minor  school  peripheral 
to  some  more  advanced  centers  whose  lo- 
cation we  do  not  know.  At  any  rate 
let  us  consider  the  Chien  type  wares 
found  in  Honan,  Kiangsi,  Ting  Chou, 
and  Tze  Chou. 

The  Honan  Chien  has  a  buff  stone- 
ware body  which  is  typically  thinner 
and  finer  in  texture.  One  black  hare  fur 
bowl  has  three  splashes  of  reddish  brown 
evenly  applied  on  the  inside  surface, 
while  others  may  be  merely  streaked  or 
splashed  with  a  silvery  or  whitish  gray. 
A  few  of  them  have  figured  designs  or 
geometrical  patterns.  Trris  is  achieved 
by  painting  on  the  ground  glaze  another 
glaze  having  a  different  oxide  constituent, 
even  as  the  splashes  are  so  produced. 
These  invaribly  have  a  blurred  border. 

But  there  are  also  designs  with  clean- 
cut  borders,  and  these  are  produced  by  a 
process  which  we  might  term  "glaze 
inlaying."  A  design  is  first  etched  or 
channeled  out  of  the  ground  glaze.  It  is 
then  filled  with  another  glaze  mixture 
having  a  different  ferric  oxide  composi- 
tion, and  submitted  to  the  one  firing  pro- 
cess.    Like  the  Chien-yao  we  also  find 


among  Honan  Chiens,  all  black  and  all 
brown  bowls,  also  beautifully  flecked 
bowls,  the  fleckings  arranged  geomet- 
rically. 

The  Honan  "tortoise  shell"  glaze  has 
a  reddish  brown  ground  spotted  with 
greyish  yellow  or  amber  black,  the  spots 
being  arranged  like  tortoise  shell  mark- 
ings or  as  geometrical  designs.  These 
are  to  be  distinguished  from  the  "lizard 
skin"  effect  which  is  simply  brown-black 
glaze  with  fissures  like  those  found  on 
lizard  skins.  They  are  said  to  be  pro- 
duced by  deliberately  underfiring  the 
glaze. 

Rarest  of  all  the  temmokus  are  those 
with  the  "oil  spot"  or  yu-tien  effect. 
These  have  a  thick  smooth  black  glaze 
covered  sporadically  with  tiny  glistening 
islands  of  silver,  like  globules  of  oil  on 
a  smooth  black  sea.  They  are  said  to 
be  ferric  oxide  crystals  which  formed 
from  exudation  of  the  more  liquid  ele- 
ment of  the  glaze  in  the  hollow  of 
bursted  bubbles.  English  collectors  sus- 
pect that  they  are  cousin  to  the  trouble- 
some spottings  which  often  spoil  many 
wares  meant  to  be  pure  monochromes, 
but  in  this  case  they  are  treasured  the 
world  over. 


The  Kiangsi  Chien  are  from  Yung-ho 
in  the  perfecture  of  Chi-an.  The  bowls 
have  a  brown-black  glaze  with  geometric 
designs  in  grayish  yellow.  The  most 
interesting  variety  is  bowls  whose  inside 
surface  is  coated  with  a  flocculent  purp- 
lish gray,  with  designs  in  brown-black, 
either  as  figures  or  as  tortoise  shell  mark- 
ings. 

From  either  Honan  or  some  north 
China  centers  came  a  ware  which  is 
sometimes  called  "Red  Ting"  because 
it  apparently  fulfills  the  description  of 
a  red  Ting  mentioned  in  Chinese  litera- 
ture The  body,  however,  is  too  coarse, 
thick,  and  dark  to  be  related  to  the  red 
Ting  (no  known  specimens  of  which 
exist  today) .  From  Korea  we  find  many 
"Korai"  ware  which  are  often  likened 
to  red  Ting,  but  though  the  body  of 
these  wares,  which  were  probably  carried 
from  north  China  to  Korea,  is  finer  than 
the  "Honan  Ting"  it  is  also  too  coarse 
to  be  related  to  the  Tings. 

There  are  many  other  temmokus  which 
await  classification.  One  tortoise  shell 
temmoku  has  a  smooth  black  ground 
splashed  with  a  warm  yellow.  The  in- 
side bottom  of  these  bowls  has  an  un- 
glazed  biscuit  ring,  revealing  a  grayish 
(Continued  on  p.  18) 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1938 


REVIEW    ANDCOMMENTS 


William  Hoy 


Po^tic^UfU  to-  Qn.adA.  If  alley' 4.  QltUtatomn 


Death  has  come  to  Grass  Valley's 
Chinatown. 

Last  month  this  Celestial  settlement, 
which  was  here  before  the  present  gener- 
ation of  Grass  Valleyans  was  born,  was 
leveled  to  the  ground.  While  several 
of  the  Chinatown  inhabitants  who  did 
not  move  until  the  last  minute,  watched, 
buildings  wreckers  went  to  work  and  in 
a  few  days  nothing  was  left  except  the 
stone  frame  of  the  old  Sun  Kwong 
Chong  merchandise  store  and  the  Hou 
Wang  Miao.  Soon  to  go  also  will  be 
the  tall,  graceful  poplars  which  have 
grown  with  the  rise  of  this  Chinese  com- 
munity and  remained  to  see  it  perish. 
Where  Chinatown  once  stood  there  will 
soon  rise  a  bus  terminal. 

The  few  families  who  up  to  the  end 
of  August  were  still  there  have  scatter- 
ed to  various  parts  of  the  town,  while 
some  have  even  moved  out  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. To  these  Chinatown  has  already 
become  nothing  but  a  memory. 

But  amidst  the  destruction  one  lone 
and  pathetic  figure  remained — that  of 
Ah  Louie.  Although  outwardly  he  re- 
tained his  Oriental  composure,  yet 
inwardly  Ah  Louie  was  grief-striken. 
To  be  uprooted  at  the  nadir  of  his  life 
from   his    little    shack — which,    albeit   a 


very  humble  dwelling  but  was  neverthe- 
less a  home — where  he  has  lived  in  com- 
parative peace  and  quiet  for  many  years 
was  not  a  thing  to  be  thought  of  lightly. 
Those  who  are  old  have  their  senti- 
mental side,  and  Ah  Louie  was  by  no 
means  of  devoid  of  those  emotions 
common  to  mankind  and  which  express 
themselves  most  strongly  at  thoughts  of 
home. 

And  it  was  the  attachment  to  his 
created  a  problem  for  the  building 
wreckers  when  they  finally  came  around 
to  his  shack.  He  refused  to  move.  He 
refused  to  come  out  even,  for  fear  that 
if  he  did  so  the  wreckers  would  quickly 
dismantle  the  ramshackle  structure 
which  was  not  only  his  home  but  also 
the  sanctuary  of  Kwan  Yin,  as  the 
temple  dedicated  to  the  Goddess  of 
Mercy  was  on  the  second  story  and  for 
which  Ah  Louie  had  acted  as  keeper. 

The  wreckers  called,  yelled  at  and 
cajoled  Ah  Louie,  but  to  no  avail.  For 
three  days  he  resisted  all  attempts  to 
budge  him,  until  finally  a  compromise 
was  effected.  A  small  cabin  was  especial- 
ly built  for  him  several  hundred  feet 
across  from  where  he  lived,  on  the  edge 
of  Wolf  Creek.  It  was  then  that  the 
temple    keeper    and    veteran    honorary 


member  of  the  Grass  Valley  Fire  de- 
partment consented  to  move.  And  then 
he  took  everything  out  of  his  old  house 
that  he  had  accumulated  over  a  period 
of  decades.  The  new  cabin  could  not 
hold  all  of  them,  so  a  considerable  por- 
tion were  just  piled  high  in  front  of  the 
place.  The  altar  in  the  temple  was  taken 
for  temporary  keeping  in  the  Hou  Wang 
Miao.  And  while  Ah  Louie  stood  de- 
jectedly by,  his  home  and  his  beloved 
temple  disappeared  before  his  eyes.  If 
ever  a  Celestial  needed  the  consolation 
of  Kwan  Yin,  she  who  is  all-compassion- 
ate, Ah  Louie  needed  it  at  that  moment. 

The  Hou  Wang  Miao,  it  has  been 
decided  by  the  town's  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, will  eventually  be  moved  to  the 
Grass  Valley  Memorial  Park,  there  to 
serve  as  an  historic  monument  to  the 
vanishing  Chinese. 

Before  the  turn  of  the  century  Grass 
Valley  was  well  known  to  thousands  of 
Chinese  throughout  the  valley  and  Si- 
erra counties  as  well  as  the  coast  be- 
cause then  agricultural,  fruit  and  other 
forms  of  work  were  available  in  and 
around  this  region.  But  replacement 
by  machines  and  white  labor  came  and 
less  and  less  Chinese  drift  in  and  out. 
They  began  to  migrate  and  settle  closer 
and  closer  to  the  coast  region,  seeking 
work  and  going  into  business  in  the 
cities  instead. 


w 


'Hiram mm 


417-425  Tenth  Street.  Oaklond 
Cocktail  Lounge;  Banquet  and  Dancing  Hall;  Chinese,  American  and  Sea  Foods.  Largest  Chinese  Cafe  on  Coost.  Floor  Shows 
Nightly.   Tuesday — Free  Shrimp  Cocktail  Party  from  11   P.  M.  to  2  A.  M.;  Wednesday — Amateur  Night,  3  Prizes;  Thursday 
— Carnival  Night.    New  Floor  Shows  commence  every  Friday.    No  Cover  Charge.    Lunch,  Dinner,  and  Evening  Porfies. 


X£r 


■rSV*- 


October,  1938 


CHINESE     D  IGEST 


Page   13 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENTS 


William  Hoy 


No  more  will  Grass  Valley  have  an- 
other Chinatown.  As  the  wreckers  con- 
tinue their  work  of  clearing  this  China- 
town and  burning  up  the  traces,  another 
colorful  chapter  in  the  long  history  of 
the  Chinese  in  this  state  has  come  to  a 
close.  That  it  did  not  close  in  a  dramatic 
way,  in  a  blaze  of  glory  is,  of  course, 
typical  of  the  Chinese  in  California. 
Quietly  they  have  come,  and  quietly 
they  have  gone,  leaving  nothing  but 
two  temples  as  commemoration  of  their 
presence  and  their   passing. 

(For  a  general  sketch  history  of  the 
Chinese  in  Grass  Valley,  see  last  month's 
issue.) 


THE  CASE 
AGAINST  JAPAN 

Charles  R.  Shepherd.  Daniel  Ryer- 
son,  Inc.  N.  Y.  242  pp.  Appendices. 
£2.50. 

The  subtitle  of  this  work  reads:  "A 
Concise  Survey  of  the  Historical  An- 
tecedents of  the  Present  Far  Eastern 
Imbroglio."  And  in  his  preface  Dr. 
Shepherd  wrote:  "Is  Japan  by  'grave 
social  pressure  and  stern  economic  ne- 
cessity' driven  to  this  policy  of  expan- 
sion by  brutal  conquest?  Is  China 
being  'chastised  in  punishment  for  the 
violation  of  sacred  treaties'?  Are  the 
Japanese  'acting  in  self-defense'?  Are 
they  fighting  single-handed  to  save 
Asia,  the  United  States,  aye,  the  whole 
world    from    the    horrors    of    Commu- 


nism 


»? 


It  is  in  answer  to  these  questions  that 
the  author  has  written  The  Case  Against 
Japan.  In  eight  short  chapters  he  has 
sketched  Sino-Japanese  political  and 
military  relations  in  modern  times,  be- 
ginning with  1894,  when  Japan  made 
her  first  bid  for  hegemony  over  Asia  by 
declaring  war  on  China  for  the  control 
of  Korea.  This  was  no  war  waged  by 
Japan  in  behalf  of  Korean  desire  for 
independence,  but  the  first  step  in 
Japan's  expansionist  policy.  The  next 
step  was  the  Russo-Japanese  war  of  1904 
when  Japan,  fearing  that  Russian  en- 
croachment into  Manchuria  would 
threaten  her  future  plan  on  the  Asiatic 
continent,  she  went  to  battle  again  and 
came  out  the  victor.  The  subsequent 
fruit  of  this  victory  was  detrimental  to 
China's  territorial  and  administrative 
rights  in  Manchuria,  for  it  gave  Japan 
the  desired  economic,  political  and  mili- 


tary foothold  on  the  three  northern 
provinces.  She  established  the  South 
Manchuria  railway  for  economic  control 
and  the  Kwantung  Leased  territory  for 
political  and  military  control.  This  con- 
trol Japan  was  never  to  release,  and 
culminated  in  her  direct  seizure  of  Man- 
churia in  1931. 

The  next  step  in  Japan's  plan  was 
provided  by  the  World  war.  Taking 
advantage  of  the  fact  that  the  powers 
were  too  busy  trying  to  save  the  world 
for  democracy,  Japan  wrestled  control 
of  Tsingtau  in  Shantung  province  from 
Germany  and  followed  it  up  with  the 
infamous  21  demands  on  China.  Noth- 
ing could  have  better  shown  Japan's  in- 
tentions in  China  as  the  publication  of 
these  demands  in  the  world's  press  That 
China  never  accepted  them  did  not  lessen 
Japan's  desire  to  carry  them  out  ul- 
timately. China  sought  the  help  of  the 
world  powers  at  Versailles,  but  she  was 
doomed  to  disappointment. 

The  chapter  on  Shanghai  gives  a 
resume  of  the  events  before  and  after 
the  "Shanghai  War"  of  1932;  while  the 
chapter  on  the  efforts  of  the  League  of 
Nations  to  settle  the  Sino-Japanese  im- 
broglio anent  Manchuria  and  Shanghai 
desribes  in  notes  and  texts  the  failure 
of  the  League  to  take  adequate  measure 
to  control  the  rapacity  of  Japan. 

In  the  last  chapter,  "As  Japan  Sees 
It,"  the  author  undertakes  to  refute  four 
of  Japan's  arguments  for  her  present 
encroachment  on  China,  namely  the 
arguments  of  overpopulation,  of  econom- 
ic necessity,  of  treaty  violation,  of  self- 
defense,  and  self-determination.  It 
is  to  be  noted  that  these  are  the  same 
arguments  Japan's  publicists  and  propo- 
gandists  are  telling  the  world  every 
day.  Although  this  chapter  should  have 
been  given  lengthy  treatment  by  Dr. 
Shepherd,  since  the  book  aims  to  make 
a  concrete  case  against  Japan,  yet  he  has 
given  sufficient  answers  in  a  few  pages 
to  refute  every  one  of  Japan's  argu- 
ments, notably  the  latter's  almost  child- 
ish  plea   of   self-defense. 

For  the  layman  and  the  general  stu- 
dent who  have  but  a  nodding  acquain- 
tance of  Sino-Japanese  affairs  during 
recent  years,  The  Case  Against  Japan 
should  prove  very  useful  because  of  its 
concise  and  lucid  presentation.  The 
appendices  contain  the  Covenant  of  the 
League     of    Nations,    the    Nine-Power 


Richard  Halliburton  who  left  San  Francisco 
on  September  23rd  for  China  to  return  on  a 
Chinese  junk,  the  Sea  Dragon.  This  hazardous 
voyage  will  terminate  at  Treasure  Island  next 
year.  An  ardent  reader  of  the  Chinese  Digest, 
Mr.  Halliburton  will  give  facts  concerning 
his  journey  soon. 

Treaty,  the  Pact  of  Paris,  and  the  Find- 
ings and  Recommendations  of  the 
League  Assembly  on  the  Lytton  Report. 

o 

CHINESE  COOKERY 

(Continued  from   p.   6) 
brown  color  of  good  fried  noodles. 

Chinese  vegetables  are  never  overly 
cooked  thus  retaining  the  necessary  vita- 
mins. 

Wine  at  meal  times  is  taken  with  vari- 
ous dishes  of  meat  and  vegetable,  after 
which  rice  is  served. 

The  Chinese  also  advise  against  "mix- 
ing your  drinks." 

All  the  courses  of  a  Chinese  meal  are 
served  simultaneously. 

In  China,  toothpicks  are  perfectly  a  la 
"Emily  Post"  at  the  dinner  table,  while 
in  some  provinces,  hot  steaming  face  tow- 
els are  offered  for  the  guests.  (This  ought 
to  boost  the  sale  of  cosmetics!) 


Meet  l/ouA. 

Q>de*idl  at 

THE  CHINESE 

BOWLING  ALLEY 

637  California  St:        Ch.  2457 

Page    14 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


October,  1938 


ROAMING    'ROUND 


H.  K.  Wong 


Sigma  Omicron  Pi,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia's sorority,  started  the  fall  benefit 
dance  season  with  their  Lantern  dance 
to  be  held  on  Oct.  15  at  Stephens  Union 
hall.  It  has  been  a  long  time  since  there 
has  been  a  dance  at  this  hall  with  its 
homey  fireplaces,  comfy  divans,  and  cozy 
nooks.  Many  L.  A.  people  are  expected 
to  attend  as  it  falls  on  the  evening  of  the 
UCLA-UC  football  game.  Jean  Moon, 
prexy  of  the  sorority,  has  a  large  staff  of 
committeemen  putting  their  shoulders  to- 
gether to  make  this  dance  a  success.  .  .  . 
Students  of  the  publicly  supported  Chi- 
nese Aviation  school  anounce  their  dance 
at  the  Scottish  Rite  auditorium  on  Oct. 
22. 

This  dance  is  for  the  benefit  of  the  stu- 
dents selected  from  all  over  the  country, 
many  who  left  their  professions  and  sacri- 
ficed their  jobs  so  that  they  may  be  trained 
for  future  air  combats  in  China.  At  pre- 
sent there  are  54  of  them,  ages  ranging 
from  18  upward  in  actual  training  over  at 
the  Alameda  Airport.  Jing  Mah  and  his 
committee  of  ten  announce  a  full  pro- 
gram of  entertainment.  .  .  .  Waku 
Auxiliary  is  giving  its  "Swing  Dance"  at 
Ebell  hall  the  same  night.  .  .  .  Last  year 
the  Wah  Ying  club  was  the  first  organ- 
ization to  voluntarily  give  a  benefit  dance 
for  War  refugees.  This  year,  once  more, 
they  will  do  the  same.  The  Third  Annual 
Masquerade  ball  will  be  held  on  Oct.  29 
at  the  Scottish  Rite  auditorium  also.  As 
in  previous  years,  many  valuable  costume 
prizes  and  door  prizes  will  be  given  away, 
plus  free  masks  and  serpentine.  Wah 
Ying'ers  have  been  swarming  all  over  the 
country  towns  to  sell  tickets  and,  accord- 
ing to  reports  by  Chairman  Arthur  Hee, 
proceeds  of  this  year  will  be  more  than 
doubled.  .  .  .  All  of  Chinatown's  fish- 
ermen will  be  on  deck  at  Mein's  Landing 
on  Oct.  16  for  the  Chinese  Sportsmen's 
club's  Sixth  Annual  Striped  Bass  derby. 
Interest  in  this  derby  has  mounted  to  fe- 
verish heights  since  the  announcement  of 
new  prizes. 

Hundreds  of  club  members  and  their 
friends  will  be  on  hand  to  congratulate 
the  winner  and  to  poke  good-natured  fun 
at  the  doughnut  kings. . . .  Budding  mu- 
sicians of  Chinatown  organized  the  Cath- 
ay Musical  society  27  years  ago,  later 
officially  changed  to  the  Cathay  club.  This 
musical  organization  has  represented  the 
Chinese  in  various  civic  affairs  (parades 
festivals,  etc.)    up  and  down  the  coast. 


They  brought  home  many  trophies  and 
have  won  wide  acclaim  for  their  musical 
abilities.  In  the  past,  their  anniversary 
celebrations  were  the  talk  of  the  town,  but 
this  year,  because  of  the  war  in  China,  a 
simple  dinner  dance  at  the  New  Shanghai 
cafe  on  Oct.  9  will  be  their  only  celebra- 
tion. . .  .  The  "Bette  Wong"  who  sang  the 
other  evening  on  Buddah's  Amateur  hour 
was  none  other  than  May  Yee,  formerly 
of  Arizona  and  Sacramento.  Her  short 
laconic  replies  when  being  interviewed 
by  Buddah  had  the  amateur  fans  holding 
their  sides  with  laughter.  For  example: 
"What  do  you  do  in  the  morning,  Bette?" 
"I  work."  "What  do  you  do  in  the  after- 
noon?" "I  loaf."  "What  do  you  do  at 
night?"  "I  sleep."  Her  singing  pleased 
the  audience,  one  member  immediately 
sending  her  a  telegram  offering  her  a  job 
to  help  her  on  her  way  around  the  world. 
...  At  the  mike  she  appeared  to  the  stu- 
dio audience  to  be  swaying  in  time  to  the 
music,  but  as  she  later  confessed,  it  was 
only  her  knees  knocking  together  under 
her  long  Chinese  gown.  .  .  .  To  P.V.C. 
alias  "Me"  of  Hollywood.  As  if  you  don't 
know  that  Peggy  Koe  (to  quote  your 
note) ,  that  good-looking  and  personality 
plus  girl  is  from  Astoria.  She  works  in 
that  art  shop  on  Grant  avenue — the  very 
one  that  you  walk  past  on  every  occasion 
just  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  her!  .  .  . 

The  group  of  Chinese  students  who  ar- 
rived from  China  on  the  President  Cool- 
idge  were  royally  entertained  by  their 
friends  and  relatives.  Most  of  them  have 
registered  at  Eastern  universities  and  have 
settled  down  to  their  study  routines. 
Among  the  group  was  vivacious  Eileen 
Loo  who  entered  Wellesley  college  on 
Sept.  21.  It  was  a  memorable  day  for  her 
as  was  also  the  date  of  her  18th  birthday. 
Her  first  impression  of  San  Francisco  as 
she  was  being  driven  up  the  steep  Califor- 
nia street  hill  was,  "This  town  is  just  like 


Shanghai — if  it  didn't  run  up  and  down 
so  much!"  Another  is  Rita  Chen  who  is 
now  attending  the  U.  of  Michigan.  She 
had  a  hilarious  time  at  the  beach  riding 
everything  from  the  merry-go-round  to 
the  toe-gripping  Big  Dipper.  P.S.  She  was 
tricked  into  that  ride  by  her  escort,  who 
told  her  that  it  was  just  an  easy  ride — 
something  like  a  slow  ricksha.  Norman 
C.  Lee,  M.I.T.  grad,  was  glad  to  be  back 
once  more  on  the  campus  taking,  a  post- 
graduate course  in  communication  and 
experimenting  in  color  photography. 

Eddie  Lieu  of  Shanghai  bade  his  ship- 
board friends  goodbye  at  San  Francisco 
for  he  is  now  attending  Linfield  college 
in  Oregon.  He  served  several  months  in 
hospitals  back  of  the  war  zone  in  China 
and  intended  to  volunteer  in  the  army 
when  he  was  ordered  to  school.  .  .  .  James 
Tong,  Cal  grad,  is  furthering  his  studies 
in  medicine  at  the  U.  of  Michigan.  Also 
studying  at  Ann  Arbor  is  James  Jang  who 
is  working  for  his  Ph.  D.  in  chemistry. 
At  the  farewell  party  given  to  him  by  his 
group,  one  of  the  beauties  made  special 
men's  shorts  for  him  with  a  zipper  in  the 
front  and  forget-me-nots  embroidered  on 
the  seat!  Quite  a  novelty.  .  .  .  Another  of 
that  group  is  Lawrence  Joe,  who  entered 
at  Creighton  university  in  Nebraska  to 
continue  his  medical  studies. . . .  Although 
John  Lee  is  kept  busy  in  the  daytime  at 
his  printing  shop,  his  nights  are  more  than 
well  taken  care  of  by  month-old  Lydia 
Yuan  Chen  Lee.  You've  guessed  it!  He 
walks  the  floor  with  her  in  his  arms  until 
the  wee  hours  of  the  morning  with  the 
Missus,  the  former  Bessie  Wang,  giving 
moral  as  well  as  physical  support.  .  .  .  Er- 
line  Lowe,  U.  C.  senior,  was  recently 
pledged  into  the  Nu  Sigma  Psi  Honorary 
society  for  P.  E.  majors.  She  is  the  first 
Chinese  to  be  accorded  this  honor  which 
stresses  scholarship,  good-fellowship,  and 
sportsmanship.  .  .  .  Franklin  Louie,  who 
works    for    the    city    as    draftsman,    also 


1/ou*  JlcUSluudd  JtaAmcHuye  uutk  you*  Suit 

WE  MAKE  HATS  TO  ORDER 

Any  shape,  color,  trim,  or  texture 

UNITED  HAT  Mfg.  Co. 


771  Jackson  St. 


San  Francisco 


I 


October,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  15 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

H.  K.  Wong    


has  his  own  studio  which  is  furnished  in 
unique  style.  .  .  .  Chase  Lowe,  last  year's 
Twin  Dragon  forward,  is  now  running 
his  own  exclusive  fur  shop.  .  .  .  Ernest 
Wing  of  Hanford  dropped  in  for  a  visit. 
.  .  .  Henry  Chan,  formerly  of  Stanford 
and   Sacramento,   returned   from    China. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fred  Wong  of  Fresno 
were  on  the  tennis  court  to  cheer  the  Se- 
attle and  Portland  boys  during  their 
match  with  Chitena.  .  .  .  The  latter  club's 
Award  dance  will  be  held  on  the  evening 
of  Oct.  16  at  the  N.S.G.S.  hall.  . . .  Wed- 
ding bells  will  ring  next  year  for  Ethel 
hum  and  Henry  Quock  of  San  Diego. 
Quock  is  in  the  Immigration  service  there. 

Ed  Woo  arrived  here  just  in  time  to  see 
"Wrong  Way"  Corrigan  grinning  his 
way  up  Grant  avenue.  .  .  .  Don  DeBock 
found  time  to  play  in  the  Coast  Tennis 
tournament.  He  defeated  his  opponent 
but  was  forced  to  default  to  his  next 
opponent  and  hurry  home.  .  .  .  Bernice 
Young  of  Hawaii  stayed  in  town  a  week 
before  enrolling  at  Colorado  State.  .  .  . 
San  Fernando  sent  Mary  Woo  to  S.  F. 
for  her  very  first  visit.  She  was  oh  so 
thrilled  for  now  her  heart  is  plopping  in 
tune  with  a  local  lad's.  It  is  her  sister 
Lily's  second  visit,  and  because  of  the  same 
reason  (but  with  another  boy) ,  she  is 
walking  around  with  that  far-away  look 


in  her  eyes 


Edward  Chin  vacationed 


in  S.  F.  before  returning  to  Sacramento 
Junior  college.  .  .  .  Florence  Ong  of  L.  A. 
soent  her  vacation  a-tennising  here.  .  .  . 
Dorothy  Lee  of  L.  A.  hits  high  C  with 
her  lovely  soprano  voice.  She  sings  oc- 
casionally for  recordings.  .  .  .  Edward  Yee 
took  out  time  from  his  job  at  the  Capital 
on  the  Payroll  department  for  a  vacation 
to  Los  Angeles.  On  his  stav  there  he  spent 
all  his  time  with  his  friend  on  the  latter's 
grocery  route.  Don't  blame  him.  There 
was  a  pretty  girl  at  every  other  stop  with 
pies,  drinks  'n  everything. . . .  Kitty  and 
Rosalyn  Leong  with  their  parents  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Charles  Leong  of  Bakersfield  were 
in  town  to  shop  for  their  sister  Violet's 
wedding  on  Oct.  9  to  Harold  Wong  at 
the  Bakersfield  Congregational  church.  As 
sisting  them  with  their  preparations  was 
their  aunt  Mrs.  Mildred  Wong.  .  .  .  The 
couple  will  make  their  home  in  Los  An- 
geles. .  .  .  Kenneth  Louie,  the  youngest  of 
the  Louie  brothers,  entered  the  U.  of 
Washington  to  begin  his  freshman  year. 
Other  new  students  include  Edith  Lew 
and  Ellen  Eng. 


Henry  Luke,  U.  of  Washington  grad- 
uate, returned  for  his  second  year 
of  medical  work  at  Northwestern  uni- 
versity in  Chicago.  .  .  .  The  Chinese  Stu- 
dent's club  Basketball  team  acted  as  hosts 
to  British  Columbia  visitors.  Members 
of  the  team  are  planning  for  a  return 
visit  soon.  .  .  .  Seattlelites  who  answered 
the  call  of  Portland  were  Art  Louie  and 
Tom  Sing.  .  .  .  Louie  D.  Hopp  of  Philly 
is  now  fulfilling  a  lifetime  ambition.  He 
is  studying  in  New  York  at  the  Radio 
Corporation  of  America  institute.  .  .  . 
Drs.  Bing  Lai  and  F.  K.  Tso  completed 


their  years  of  studies  at  the  U.  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  are  bound  for  China.  .  .  . 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Louis  J.  Hunt  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  paid  Philadelphia  and  New 
York  a  visit.  Mr.  Louie  is  known  in  his 
hometown  as  "Prof.  P.  Pango"  because 
of  his  wizardry  as  a  palmist.  .  .  .  The 
parents  of  Edward  Jung  have  forgiven 
him  for  his  recent  elopement  because  she 
is  indeed  a  lovely  bride!  .  .  .  Mary  Lee 
of  Philadelphia  is  rolling  the  ball  down 
the  maple  way  better  and  better  each 
time.  Her  high  mark  to  date  is  186.  Lily 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


■  -V 


Page   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


October,  1938 


SPORTS 


-By   Davisson   Lee- 


NORTHERN  BOYS 
ON  TOUR 

The  combined  Tennis  Team  from 
Seattle  and  Portland  returned  home  after 
successful  invasion  of  California  for  a 
series  of  inter-city  tennis  matches,  win- 
ning three  out  of  five  matches.  The  play- 
ers reached  their  top  game  playing  in 
Fresno,  whitewashing  the  Fresno  players 
10  to  0.  They  defeated  the  Oaklanders  6 
to  3,  and  easily  turned  back  Santa  Barbara 
7  to  1.  .  .  .  The  Los  Angeles  C.T.C. 
proved  too  experienced  for  them,  defeat- 
ing them  7  to  3.  The  San  Francisco  Chit- 
ena,  the  coast  championship  club  for 
the  past  three  years  downed  them  9  to  0. 

Members  of  the  team  are  Edgar  Lee, 
No.  1;  George  Louie,  No.  2;  Henry  Wu, 
No.  3;  Andy  Chin,  No.  4;  Frank  Mar, 
No.  5;  Warren  Moe,  No.  6;  Wallace  Lew 
Kay,  No.  17;  and  Guy  Wong,  Manager. 

The  northern  boys  left  their  many  new 
found  California  friends  with  high  esteem 
of  their  fine  sportsmanship.  They  planned 
to  make  this  an  annual  trek. 

BOXING 

San  Francisco:  Credit  to  Harry  Jung, 
who  reached  the  finals  of  the  Diamond 
Belt  Boxing  tournament.  He  lost  a  close 
decision  to  Robleto  of  Los  Angeles.  This 
Tournament  is  entirely  invitational  and 
is  known  as  the  Parade  of  Champions, 
that  is,  to  be  a  winner  in  another  tourna- 
ment. At  105,  Harry  has  won  the  P.A.A. 
novice  and  the  Northern  California  and 
Nevada  championships,  but  this  year 
his  fighting  weight  was  130  and  his  op- 


Dresswell  Shop 

(For    well-groomed    men) 

742  Grant  Ave.,  San  Francisco 
Ch.  1500 

$25. OO 

OTHER   SUITS  UP  TO  $35.00 

Stetson  Hats 

Hickok  Belts  and  Suspenders 

Arrow  Shirts  and  Cravats 

OPEN  EVENINGS 


ponents  all  had  the  advantage  of  height 
and  reach,  but  they  knew  they  were  in  a 
fight  from  start  to  the  bell. 
o 

TENNIS 

Los  Angeles:  Mamie  Sing  won  the  Chi- 
nese Women's  championship  by  defeat- 
ing June  Lau  in  a  long  and  hard  fought 
contest  which  exhausted  the  spectators  as 
well  as  the  contestants,  so  high  was  the 
tension.  Final  score:  7-5,  4-6,  6-2. 


FOOTBALL 

San  Francisco:  The  Unknown  Packers, 
that  self-supporting  lightweight  football 
team  that  outfitted  themselves  entirely, 
have  added  a  new  member  to  their  coach- 
ing staff — One  Dotson,  triple-threat  from 
Fresno  who  played  a  lot  of  left-half  at 
Lick  Wilmerding. 

The  Packers  after  three  years  together 
are  looking  forward  to  better  their  record 
uf  last  year:  7  wins,  1  tie,  and  1  defeat. 
The  team's  average  weight  is  130,  and 
their  first  game  is  with  Commerce  high 
30's,  September  25,  two  o'clock  at  Com- 
merce field.  Other  games  scheduled  with- 
out tentative  dates  are:  Commerce  B,  Ross 
Park  boys,  Bulldogs,  Chung  Mei,  Oak- 
land Young  Chinese,  and  California  club. 

BOWLING 

San  Francisco:  That  lady  with  the  nu- 
merous names  has  gone  and  done  it  again! 
We  mean  Lily  Mark  Hing  Chang,  who 
bowled  a  lady's  high  score  of  191.  A  score 
any  male  would  rightfully  be  proud  of. 
Little  wonder  friend  hubby  refuses  to 
bowl  against  her. 

Talking  of  high  scores  here's  one  for 

the    books:     Woodrow    Ong    made    ten 

strikes  in  a  row  with  a  total  of  288  pins. 

A  record  which  will  not  soon  be  equaled. 

o 

PACIFIC  COAST  TENNIS 
TOURNAMENT 

San  Francisco:  The  number  of  entries 
in  this  year's  Pacific  Coast  has  exceeded 
those  of  the  preceding  two  years,  prov- 
ing successful  and  encouraging  in  the  en- 
deavor to  promote  and  develop  better  ten- 
nis among  the  Chinese.  The  entries,  74 
in  number,  include  people  from  Los  An- 
geles, Berkeley,  Oakland,  Sacramento, 
Watsonville,  and  Isleton.  An  additional 
asset  was  the  entries  of  six  junior  girls, 
whose  possibilities  are  quite  keen. 

The  tournament  is  now  in  its  third 
round  of  play  with  no  upsets  in  the  seeded 
ranks.  Difficulty  in  reserving  the  court  for 


the  first  round  of  play  has  forced  the  finals 
of  the  tournament  from  Oct.  9  to 
Oct.  16.  The  BIG  AWARD  DANCE 
will  be  the  same  night  at  the  N.S.G.S. 

o 

GIRLS'  BASKETBALL 
LEAGUE 

San  Francisco:  The  Second  Annual 
Chinese  Playground  Girls'  basketball 
league  is  expected  to  be  well  underway  in 
October.  Under  the  leadership  of  Direc- 
tor Polly  McQuire,  assisted  by  Mary- 
Chan,  a  much  larger  group  of  entries  is 
expected.  The  league  is  divided  into  two 
divisions,  A  and  B.  At  a  special  meeting 
between  the  Basketball  committee  and  the 
representatives  of  each  team,  an  open  dis- 
cussion will  be  on  whether  the  two  or 
three  court  rule  will  be  used. 

Stiffer  competition  will  be  provided  in 
other  divisions  as  the  teams  gain  in  ex- 
perience. Defending  champions  in  divi- 
sion A  is  CD. A.  The  champions  of  di- 
vision B,  Chinese  Baptist  school,  will 
probably  be  moved  up. 

Age  limit  is  from  14  upward.  Games 
will  be  played  at  the  Chinese  playground 
Friday  nights  and  Saturday  afternoons. 
A  girls'  rally  will  be  held  before  the  league 
starts. 


SPORTS  PICKUPS 

Marshall  Leong  is  the  first  and  only 
Chinese  so  far  to  play  one  whole  complete 
game  for  a  local  high  school — Mission 
against  Galileo.  He  was  the  whole  Mis- 
sion team  when  on  defense  and  he  carried 
the  ball  three  times  for  an  average  of 
six  yards  when  on  offense. 

Harry  Wong,  following  his  brother 
George's  footsteps,  is  playing  bang-up 
football  for  Galileo  High. 

Flarding  Leong  is  driving  his  light- 
weight football  team  into  condition  to 
play  scheduled  games  with  Stockton,  Sac- 
ramento, Berkeley,  and  other  teams. 

Nu-lite  basketball  team  opened  their 
season  by  having  a  practice  game  among 
themselves,  playing  for  ice  cream. 

The  champ  team  of  1932  is  being  reor- 
ganized by  Coach  Lee  Yuen  who  will  place 
this  experienced  team  on  the  floor  to  cope 
against  the  lighter  and  faster  teams,  such 
as  the  Nan  Wahs,  Twin  Dragons.  S.F. 
J.C.,  etc. 

Looking  into  the  future  wc  expect  the 
following  to  emerge  victorious:  Peter  Gee 
to  repeat  in  Men's  singles;  Ben  Chu  and 
Faye  Lowe  to  retain  the  doubles.  M.ir\ 


I 


October,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   17 


SPORTS 

By  Davisson  Lee 


Chan  unseated  for  the  Women's  singles. 
Hattie  Hall  and  Faye  Lowe  in  the  Mixed 
Doubles.  Kui  Kong  Young  to  knock  out 
Tommy  Cobb  in  the  5th  in  their  bout  on 
Friday  Sept.  23,  1938.  Erline  Lowe  to  lose 
to  Henrietta  Jung  in  the  semi-finals. 
Well,  anyway,  maybe. 

Kui-Kong  Young,  after  being  defeated 
by  a  heavier  fighter,  won  two  fights  by 
knockouts  in  Los  Angeles,  extending  his 
string  of  victories  to  21  kayoes  in  27 
professional  bouts. 

Fred  Hong  Wong  of  the  Nan  Wahs 
is  now  attending  Sacramento  J.  C.  after 
having  won  a  scholarship.  He  will  play 
for  them  when  they  play  with  the  San 
Francisco  J.  C. 

Lester  Can  has  the  honor  of  being  the 
first  Chinese  athlete  to  be  on  the  injured 
list  this  fall,  when  playing  soccer  for 
Commerce  Hi.  He  sustained  a  pulled  ten- 
don. 

There  is  a  possibility  of  a  Chinese 
Softball  league  playing  for  the  Hall's 
Sport  Shop  Perpetual  Softball  plaque. 
Any  team  or  school  wishing  to  know  more 
about  this  can  write  to  this  department. 

The  Los  Angeles  Federation  of  Chi- 
nese clubs  All-Star  Softball  team,  who 
traveled  to  San  Diego  to  play  the  Soft- 
ballers  there,  defeated  them  by  the  heavy 
score  of  20-3. 

It  is  rumored  that  the  Mei  Wah  girls 
will  be  sponsored  by  the  Thomas  M.  Bro- 
die,  Inc. — in  other  words  plumbers  for 
bloomers. 

Ella  Dong  Lee  of  Watsonville,  sister 
of  Hattie  Hall  is  playing  in  the  Watson- 
ville City  championship.  She  is  also  the 
sole  representative  of  Watsonville  in  the 
Women's  Singles  in  the  Pacific  Coast 
tournament  now  going  on. 

Robert  "Egg  Foo"  Lum  will  play  in  the 
130  pound  basketball  team  of  Sacred 
Heart  Hi. 

Lowa  Basketball  team  playing  indepen- 
dent basketball  this  year  has  a  traveling 
schedule  like  the  St.  Mary's  football  team. 
Playing  at  Tiajuana,  Mexico  City,  San 
Diego,  Santa  Barbara,  Bakersfield,  Fres- 
no, and  last  but  not  the  least,  Frisco. 

If  any  Oakland  group  is  willing  to  play 
any  team  of  Frisco,  this  department  will 
gladly  arrange  the  details — for  bowling. 

Nan  Wong,  brother  of  Fred  Hong 
Wong  will  play  ball  for  Nan  Wahs  this 


season — Placer's  loss  is  Nan  Wah's  gain. 
Albert  K.  Lee  of  Nan  Wahs  is  also  try- 
ing a  come  back,  so  is  Reverend  Peter 
Tom. 


In  her  war  in  China  Japan  had  banked 
on  the  time-honored  policy  of  dividing 
factions  and  pitting  one  against  the  oth- 
er. Her  efforts  to  win  over  the  Moham- 
medans, the  Suchaness,  and  other  out- 
lying border  groups  has  failed.  She  had 
hoped  to  turn  local  governors  and  ex- 
warlords  into  puppets  which  would  set  up 
formidable  opposition  to  the  central  gov- 
ernment. But  all  of  China's  leading  fig- 
ures, together  with  their  soldiers  and 
subordinates  have  joined  the  central  gov- 
ernment, to  be  ready  at  her  call.  Japan 
also  failed  either  to  exterminate  or  cap- 
ture the  major  portion  of  the  Chinese 
army  in  all  the  engagements  so  far.  The 
Chinese  soldiers  either  lead  Japan  fur- 
ther into  the  uncertain  interior  or  die 
defending  the  land. 

o 

HANKOW  UNIVERSITIES 
MOVE  INTO 
INTERIOR 

The  universities  in  China  have  permit- 
ted no  letdown  despite  the  present  Japa- 
nese invasion.  This  is  in  order  that  China 
will  have  sufficient  trained  men  when  she 
enters  the  period  of  reconstruction.  To 
escape  being  bombed,  many  of  the  uni- 
versities have  moved  inland,  students,  fac- 
ulty, and  equipment,  but  all  of  them  have 
maintained  a  constant  level  in  enrollment. 

Of  the  13  American-endowed  univer- 
sities whose  total  enrollment  has  dropped 
less  than  2,000,  five  have  moved  into  the 
interior  where  they  are  relatively  safe 
from  Japanese  molestation.  The  eight 
that  remained,  partially  protected  as  they 
are  by  treaty  rights,  are  offering  aid  to 
the  wounded  and  serving  as  a  place  of 
refuge  for  children  and  women  from  bru- 
tality and  raping. 

Even  in  Hankow  the  two  universities 
near  there  have  proceeded  to  move  fur- 
ther into  the  interior.  These  are  the  Amer- 
ican-owned Central  China  university,  now 
at  Kweilin,  capital  of  Kwangsi,  and  the 
Chinese-owned  Chunghua  university,  now 
at  Houping,  near  Ichang. 

Early  in  June,  when  the  school  year 
ended,  the  Central  China  university  dis- 
patched two  members  of  its  faculty,  Dr. 
Paul  V.  Taylor  and  Dr.  Richard  Bien, 
to  the  Kwangsi  capital,  entrusted  with  the 


task  of  finding  a  new  campus.  The  Hwa 
Chung  Ta-hsueh,  as  the  university  is 
known  in  Chinese,  was  an  amalgamation 
of  four  foreign  colleges  effected  in  1924 
— the  Boone  college  of  the  American 
Church  mission,  the  Collegiate  depart- 
ment of  the  Griffith  St.  John  college  of 
the  London  Missionary  society,  the  Hu- 
ping  college  of  the  Reformed  Church  of 
the  United  States,  and  the  College  of  the 
Yale-in-China.  Its  total  assets  are  esti- 
mated at  a  little  less  than  a  million. 

The  Chinese-owned  Chunghua  univer- 
sity was  founded  during  the  first  year  of 
the  Chinese  Republic.  It  has  three  schools, 
the  School  of  Science,  the  School  of  Art 
and  Literature,  and  the  School  of  Com- 
merce. It  was  largely  endowed  by  indus- 
trialists connected  with  the  iron-works  at 
Hankow. 


It  was  assumed  that  with  each  slice  of 
China  conquered,  Japan  will  utilize  the 
economic  resources  of  that  territory  to 
finance  her  further  invasion  and  neu- 
tralize her  expenditures.  Thus  she  cap- 
italized the  North  China  Exploitation 
company  for  Yen  340,000,000  and  the 
Central  China  Company  at  Yen  100,000,- 
000  with  the  idea  of  extracting  money 
from  China  just  as  she  had  set  up  sim- 
ilar companies  when  she  conquered  Korea, 
Formosa,  and  Manchuria.  But  this  time 
she  had  not  reckoned  with  the  unexpected 
mass  migration  to  the  interior,  the  bodily 
moving  of  universities,  newspaper  plants, 
and  factories  to  the  interior,  and  the 
scorched  earth  policy. 

o 

"It  isn't  the  size  of  the  dog  in  the 
fight,  but  the  size  of  the  fight  in  the 
dog  that  counts." 

"A  man  sometimes  drinks  to  forgot, 
and  about  the  only  thing  he  forgets  is 
when  to  stop." 


Why  "Roam  Around"? 

Exclusive  with  us  in  Chinatown: 

Manhattan  Shirts,  $2  up 
Interwoven  Socks,  35c  up 

Stetson  Hats  and  Men's  Wear 

• 

BUCK  KEE 


844  Grant  Avenue 


San  Francisco 


>  W 


Page. 18 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


October,  1938 


CHINA  TOWNIA 


DRAMATIC  SOCIETY  FORMED 

A  China  War  Dramatic  society  was 
formed  in  Chinatown  recently  to  stir  the 
local  Chinese  to  increased  efforts  in  help- 
ing the  war  refugees.  All  the  leading 
singers,  instrumentalists,  writers  and 
persons  with  historic  ablilty  were  en- 
rolled in  this  organization  so  that  it  will 
be  able  to  furnish  plays  and  entertain- 
ment to  all  rallies  and  patriotic  gather- 
ings. Those  interested  are  requested  to 
write  to  the  secretary  of  the  society, 
Mr.  Paul  L.  S.  Chan,  care  of  the  Chi- 
nese Consolidated  Benevolent  associa- 
tion. 


PASSING  OF 

MISS  LOCKE  MOURNED 

Friends  of  Miss  Mollie  Locke  were 
saddened  when  informed  of  her  passing 
after  a  lingering  sickness.  Miss  Locke 
was  an  active  social  worker  of  the  north- 
west and  an  able  correspondent  for  the 
Chinese  Digest  during  the  last  two 
years. 

TEMMOKUS 

(Continued  from  p.  11) 
stoneware,  perhaps  from  southern  kilns. 
Another  gray  stoneware  bowl  has  a 
brown  glaze  topped  by  a  dead  white 
glazed  mouth  rim.  There  are  many  jars 
and  bottles  from  Kwangtung  with  brown- 
black  glazes  which  are  undoubtedly  Sung 
survivals.  The  Tzu  Chou  potters 
also  put  forth  many  brown-black 
glazes  during  the  Sung  dynasty,  the  best 
of  them  approaching  the  Ting  in  finest 
of  potting.  Collectors  are  warned  that 
while  the  hare  fur,  oil  spots,  and  other 
special  effects  are  still  among  the  lost 
arts,  the  simpler  temmokus  are  being 
produced  all  over  Japan  and  in  parts 
of  China.  (An  acquaintance  of  mine, 
the  daughter  of  an  American  educator 
in  China,  participated  in  the  secret  firing 


DR.  FRANK  YORK  LEE 

PHYSICIAN  and  SURGEON 
OSTEOPATH 

Takes   pleosure  to   announce  to   you   the 
opening   of  his   office   at 

817  South  Vermont  Avenue 

Los  Angeles,  California 

Day  and  Night  Phone  Fltzroy  6070 


of  some  "antiques"  by  a  family  which 
claimed  direct  descendance  from  Sung 
potters,  inheriting  the  secrets  for  certain 
Sung  wares  which  unfortunately  she  is 
unable  to  describe.) 

Copyrighted  1938  by  Chingwah  Lee. 

This  is  No.  29  of  a  series  of  articles  on 
Chinese  Ceramic  Art. 

o 

CHINESE  MEDICAL 
STUDENTS  ORGANIZE 

San  Francisco — Chinese  students  at 
the  University  of  California  Medical 
center  last  month  orgained  the  Medical 
Center  Chinese  association.  These 
students  are  from  the  U.  C.  schools  of 
medicine,  dentistry,  pharmacy  and  nurs- 
ing. Purposes  of  the  association  are  the 
promotion  of  mutual  and  public  wel- 
fare, the  establishment  of  better  scholar- 
ship and  the  encouragement  of  closer 
understanding  of  the  ethics  of  the  pro- 
fessions. 

The  president  of  the  association  is 
Paul  F.  Fung,  senior  medical  student. 
Other  officers  include,  Thomas  W.  S. 
Wu,  Jane  Fong,  John  F.  Wong,  Edwin 
Owyang,  Chester  Fong,  Leonard  Chan, 
and   Esther  Chow. 


INTERNATIONAL  RED  CROSS 
SPENDS  ONE  MILLION  FOR 
WAR  RELIEF  IN  CHINA 

Since  its  inauguration  last  September 
the  International  Red  Cross  committee 
for  Central  China  has  given  out  a  million 
dollars  for  hospitals  and  refugee  relief. 
By  June  28,  1938,  the  I.  R.  C.  had  re- 
ceived $1,325,000  from  various  quarters 
in  China  and  from  abroad,  of  which  $214,- 
412  was  received  in  goods,  mainly  medi- 
cal supplies.  It  is  estimated  that  since 
July  30,  the  expenditures  have  totaled  one 
million  dollars. 


MORE  DOCTORS 
FROM  THE  ANTIPODES 

Among  the  corps  of  foreign  doctors 
serving  in  Central  China  are  four  from 
New  England,  Dr.  R.  B.  Grey,  Dr.  H.  C. 
Tremewen,  Dr.  G.  Maska,  and  Dr.  T.  A. 
Watson  who  were  sent  bv  the  Joint  Coun- 
cil of  the  Order  of  St.  John  and  the  New 
Zealand  Red  Cross.  Through  a  well  or- 
ganized campaign  the  Joint  Council  raised 
about  $40,000  for  these  doctors  for  medi- 
cal supplies. 

Dr.  Grey  stated  that  altogether  twelve 
Japanese    bombs    have    dropped   in   and 


around  his  hospital  compound  since  his 
arrival  four  months  ago.  In  speaking  of 
the  generous  donations  from  New  Zeal- 
anders  to  the  China  cause,  Dr.  Grey  re- 
vealed that  the  Chinese  community  there, 
though  numbering  only  around  3,000 
since  the  outbreak  of  the  Sino- Japanese 
war,  has  sent  back  to  China  no  less  than 
$50,000  which  is  a  remarkable  sum  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  many  of  its  contributors 
are  hard-working  farmers  and  laundry- 
men. 


JAPAN  USES  OPIUM 
IN  WAR 

China's  most  vicious  enemy  is  not 
Japan  itself  but  Japanese  opium,  "the 
greatest  weapon  against  mankind,"  Dr. 
Tehyi  Hsieh  said  in  an  address  at  the 
Rotary  convention  at  Mizpah. 

"If  Japan  emerges  victorious  in  the 
present  conquest,  she  will  wield  the 
double-edged  sword  of  opium  to  increase 
her  own  illicit  trade  in  that  drug  and  to 
numb  the  will  of  China  into  submission. 
Japan  now  raises  68  per  cent  of  the 
opium  used  in  illicit  world  trade." 

He  accused  Japan  with  playing  a  dual 
role,  fighting  as  an  aggressor  yet  at- 
tempting to  appear  the  benefactor,  and 
characterized  her  as  a  "Dr.  Jekyll  and 
Mr.  Hyde,  and  mostly  China's  hide  at 
that." 

Japan's  seizure  of  former  Chinese 
provinces  he  termed  "not  banditry,  but 
Japanditry." 

Taking  a  crack  at  Japan's  "habit  of 
insulting  this  country  and  then  quicklv 
offering  an  excuse,"  he  said  it's  "no  long- 
er apology  but  Japology." 


RABBI  EISEN 
VISITS  SHANGHAI 

Rabbi  J.  J.  Eisen  of  Alberta,  Canada. 
paid  a  flying  visit  to  Shanghai  and  other 
centers  in  the  middle  of  July  to  study 
the  relief  situation  there.  Rabbi  Eisen  is 
minister  of  a  Jewish  synagogue  in  Ed- 
minton,  Canada,  and  has  campaigned 
extensively  in  the  interest  of  China  re- 
lief. He  went  to  China  to  gather  more 
background  material  (concerning  the  ap- 
palling need)  which  he  will  use  for  fur- 
ther lectures  on  Chinese  refugee  situa- 
tion. He  hopes  to  arouse  all  Canadians 
to  contribute  liberally  to  the  civilian 
relief  funds. 


October,   1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


CHINATOWNIA 


Page  19 


ROAMING  'ROUND 

(Continued  from  p.  15) 
Hing  of  San  Francisco  is  hitting  in  the 
190's.  Perhaps  these  are  our  two  best 
feminine  bowlers?  .  .  .  Vice  Consul  Gung, 
Hsing  Wong  and  Gladys  Chen  selected 
September  for  their  wedding  month,  while 
Sam  Moy  of  Chicago  and  Ruth  Toy  of 
Benten  Harbor  picked  October.  .  .  .  Con- 
grats to  the  happy  couples.  .  .  .  Beatrice, 
Ann,  Jean,  Gertrude,  and  Mamie  Moy  of 
Chicago  were  the  main  attraction  of  the 
floor  show  at  the  Schwartz  hotel  pavilion. 
They  took  part  in  the  program  of  the 
benefit  dance  for  Chinese  Relief  at  Elk- 
hart Lake  in  Wisconsin.  A  tidy  sum  was 
turned  in.  .  .  .  The  Young  Chinese  and 
Auxiliary  chartered  the  steamer  S.  S. 
Roosevelt  for  a  whole  day's  excursion  to 
St.  Joseph,  Michigan.  It  was  nice  and 
breezy  so  none  of  them  were  seasick.  .  .  . 
Vallejo's  Miss  Sweet  Sixteen  vacationed 
briefly  in  San  Francisco.  Upon  her  re- 
turn home,,  she  sported  sixteen  fraternity 
pins  which  will  do  for  a  new  record  until 
someone  else  turns  in  a  better  one.  .  .  . 
Recently  engaged  are  Emma  Wong  of 
Vallejo  and  Henry  Yip  of  S.  F.  .  .  .  A 
certain  Great  Lover  in  Sacramento  had  all 
the  girls  walking  around  in  a  daze  with 

'  his  letters.  One  day  they  gathered  to- 
gether and  compared  letters.  Each  of 
them  was  the  same.  He  carbon  copied 
them!  !  !  Vallejo's  sons  and  daughters 
are  scattered  all  over  the  map  as  school 
opens  again.  Martha  Fong  registered  at 
Whittier  college  while  Brother  Albert  re- 
turned to  Massachusetts  to  continue  his 
studies.  .  .  .  When  Alvin  Chinn  was  a 
child  of  eight,  his  legs  were  rendered  use- 
less by  an  attack  of  infantile  paralysis. 
In  the  hope  of  regaining  their  use,  a  deli- 
cate operation  was  performed  on  them 
recently.  His  many  Watsonville  friends 
are  pulling  for  him  to  come  through. 
Good  luck,  Alvin.  .  .  .  Moon  Jean  Lew 
and  Phillip  Lee  are  anxiously  waiting  for 
the  opening  of  the  basketball  season. 
They  play  on  Chico  Hi's  Class  B  team. 
George  Chow,  crack  "ham"  of  Mo- 
desto, won  the  American  Amateur  Sweep- 
stakes for  1938.  In  order  to  win  this  im- 
portant contest,  the  operator  must  contact 
different  radio  stations  all  over  the  world 
— a  certain  number  of  points  are  awarded 
for  each  contact.  Chow  topped  his  nearest 
competitor  with  over  30,000  points,  which 
is  three  times  over  last  year's  winner.  Con- 
gratulations, George!  .  .  .  Sister  Betty,  al- 

I  so     an     amateur     operator     whom     we 


know  best  as  a  tennis  player  for  the  L.  A. 
C.  T.  C,  has  also  applied  for  her  Class 
B.  license.  .  .  .  John  Lew  transferred  from 
U.  C.  to  the  U.  of  Oklahoma,  where  he 
is  studying  basic  petroleum  industries. 


INTERNATIONAL  ROLE 
OF  YOUTH 

(Continued  from  p.  9) 
(4)  Appealing  to  the  industrialists,  mer- 
chants, and  labor  to  cooperate  in  this 
movement  by  not  manufacturing  or  ship- 
ping war  supplies  to  Japan;  (5)  Writing 
to  your  local  newspapers  and  magazines 
stating  your  position  and  asking  for  edi- 
torial support  of  the  policy  of  non-par- 
ticipation in  Japanese  aggression. 

In  order  to  carry  out  these  activities,  the 
World  Youth  Congress,  with  participat- 
ing members  from  54  countries  will  serve, 
we  hope,  as  an  international  center  to  co- 
ordinate youth  programs  in  different 
countries.  We  also  look  forward  to  the 
establishment  of  a  national  committee 
in  every  country  to  promote  youth  ac- 
tivities and  to  keep  in  constant  touch 
with  the  international  center. 

(Editor's  Note:  These  reports  are  pub- 
lished for  the  first  time  in  any  publica- 
tions.) 


"It  never  rains  on  the  unjust  if  he  can 
get  hold  of  an  umbrella  belonging  to 
the  just." 


ALL  ABOUT  US 

(Continued   from   p.   3) 

Los  Angeles  has  the  distinction  of  hav- 
ing the  largest  number  of  American  sub- 
scribers. One  venerated  university  presi- 
dent ordered  subscriptions  for  all  the 
departments  in  his  university;  and  the  li- 
braries, churches,  and  learned  institu- 
tions are  among  our  best  customers.  Then 
we  must  not  forget  Hollywood  where 
many  directors,  stars,  and  technicians  sub- 
scribe in  large  number. 

We  rejoice  that  the  Junior  chamber 
of  commerce  of  San  Francisco  Chinatown 
has  decided  to  sponsor  the  Moon  festival 
as  proposed  in  these  columns  last  month. 
Time  is  against  them,  but  they  are  mak- 
ing the  effort.  We  also  learned  to  our  joy 
that  one  of  our  staff  has  inspired  a  similar 
effort  in  New  York,  and  Los  Angeles  has 
already  launched  hers.  Leaders  from  many 
other  Chinatowns  are  writing  to  us  for 
details,  and  the  chances  are  very  good 
that  there  will  be  a  nation-wide  Moon 
festival  next  year. 

It  has  been  a  source  of  joy  and  inspira- 
tion serving  as  acting  editor  the  last  three 
months.  With  this  issue  your  publisher 
returns  this  job  to  our  leading  spirit  Wil- 
liam Hoy.  This  writer  is  aware  as  never 
before  of  the  job  before  the  Chinese  Di- 
gest and  he  will  appear  again  frequently 
in  these  columns.  Chingwah  Lee. 


2>la4HO^di  -  Wcdcli&l  -  fjewelsuf, 

«  WE  ARE  grateful  for  the  confidence  shown  in  us  by  a 
large  number  of  Chinese  people  who  have  purchased  dia- 
monds, watches,  and  jewelry  from  us  during  the  past  sev- 
eral years.  We  invite  the  patronage  of  all  Chinese  who 
appreciate  a  one-price,  square-dealing  store.  We  offer 
a  money  back  guarantee  with  every  purchase.  Mr.  Arthur 
Yim,  a  very  courteous  and  intelligent  Chinese  young  man, 
in  our  employ,  will  be  glad  to  assist  you  in  your  purchases. 

S  A  yt  U  E  I  s 

/? 

Mcrket  Street,  Opposite   Powell,  SAN   FRANCISCO 
1520  Broadway,  Between  Roos  Bros,  and  Hastings,  OAKLAND 


Sec.  562,  P.  L.  fir  R. 


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Exp.  10-38   C 


Serve 

BELFAST    BEVERAGES 

at    your    next    party    or    meeting 

Sparkling  Cider 

Orange  Crush 

Dry  Ginger  Ale 

NEW  CENTURY 
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Every  Tinge 


.  .  .  you  buy  Golden  State  dairy  products  you  get  the  sam:  fine 
flavor,  the  same  richness,  and  high  quality.  It's  this  unvarying  good- 
ness that  has  made  Golden  State  the  standard  of  dairy  products  quali- 
ty for  more  than  30  years. 

For  the  best  milk,  cream,  butter,  ice  cream,  cottage  cheese,  and  evap- 
orated milk,  ask  your  grocer  for  Golden  State,  or  telephone  for  home 
delivery. 


DAIRY 


PRODUCTS 


\       °- 


.,  *##     ^v. 


ui 


S.F.  P 


BRANCH 


Vol.  IV,  No.  XI 


y^ 


mm 

1933 

IOC 

(See  page  3) 


Page  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1938 


THE  CHINESE   DIGEST 

Vol.  4,  No.  11  November,  1938 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San  Francisco,  California   (CHina  2400) 

Per  year,  SI. 00;   Per  copy,   10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For   reprints,   special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

WILLIAM  HOY,  Editor 

CHINGWAH  LEE  Associate  Editor 

LIM  P    LEE  Sociological   Data 

WALLACE  H.'  FONG  '.'.'.'.'. Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

DAVISSON    LEE    Sports 

CORRESPONDENTS  and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakersfield   Mamie  Lee,  May  Ko 

Chicago    BeatI!ct  Moy 

Chico  Maxwell   R.  Lee 

Fresno    -Allen    Lew 

Hollywood   Frank  Tang 

Los  Angeles   Bernice  Louie 

Marysville    Virginia   Wan 

New  York   Bmg  Chan,  Sophia  Chu 

Philadelphia   Henry  C.  Jung 

Portland    "9ar  „Lee 

Sacramento   Ruby  B.   Fong 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seottle,  Wash May  Sing 

Stockton   Dilly  Ah  Tye  Jr. 

Tucson,   Arizona   May  Tom 

Special  Correspondent   Won    Loy  Chan 

For  subscription   and   advertising   rates  call   CHina   2400 

FOUNDERS  and  PUBLISHERS 

THOMAS  W.   CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data,  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress,  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

The  Chinatown  Crier 2 

A  Tale  of  Two  Cities 4 

Jade  Box 6 

The  Chinese  in  Today's  Salmon  Industry  7 
History  of  the  Occult  Arts  in  China  ...    8 

Chinatownia 10-13,  18 

Firecrackers    13 

Roaming  'Round 14 

Sports    16 

PICTURES 

Chinese  Ouija  Board 9 

Sports  Activities 11 

Chinese  Aviatrix    13 

Cathayan  Orchestra   14 

Cartoon 15 

The  Moon  Festival  in  L.  A 17 


•    *7Ae  GAUudtiajvt  Qnie/i    • 


Housing  San  Francisco  Chinatown 

Program  as  a  whole  is  as  yet  unaware 
Coming  of  this  but  within  the  next 
few  years,  or  perhaps  even 
sooner,  the  Federal  government  is  going 
to  move  in  and  correct  some  of  the  de- 
plorable housing  conditions  in  this  com- 
munity which  the  Chinese  Digest  has 
had  occasion  in  the  past  to  point  out, 
through  editorials  and  articles.  The  city 
will  receive  an  allocation  of  $15,000,000 
from  the  Federal  Housing  Authority 
with  which  to  build  low-cost  housing 
projects  throughout  San  Francisco,  and 
not  a  small  part  of  this  fund  will  be 
earmarked  for  Chinatown. 

As  one  of  a  number  of  agencies  in- 
terested in  elevating  the  housing  stan- 
dards in  the  community  and  thus  con- 
tributing to  the  welfare  of  the  17,000 
Chinese  living  here,  the  Chinese  Digest 
will  later  on  gather  and  present  more 
details  of  this  housing  problem.  It  is 
sufficient  to  say  at  this  time  that  for  the 


past  several  decades  social  workers, 
health  authorities,  teachers  and  others 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  Chinatown 
have  all  agreed  that  the  greatest  social 
problem  facing  our  community — one 
that  must  be  solved  before  any  other 
social  problems  can  be  tackled  effec- 
tively— is  the  problem  of  bettering  its 
housing.  Year  after  year,  decade  after 
decade,  this  problem  has  been  ignored 
because  there  was  no  way  in  which  it 
could  be  solved.  Now  that  the  San 
Francisco  Housing  Authority  is  interest- 
ed in  it,  the  solution  is  seemingly  just 
around  the  corner. 

Perhaps  no  group  of  people  in  the 
community  has  more  thorough  and  ade- 
quate knowledge  of  the  actual  deplorable 
conditions  of  Chinatown's  housing  than 
the  small  group  of  social  workers,  health 
workers,  and  teachers  employed  by  pub- 
lic and  private  agencies  and  working  in 
its  midst.  And  it  is  heartening  to  note 
that  these   people   have   recently  organi- 


zed a  commirtee  to  seriously  discuss  Chi- 
natown housing  and  to  make  a  thorough 
study  of  its  various  aspects.  Several 
meetings  have  been  held  by  this  com- 
mittee and  a  preliminary  report  out- 
lining the  community's  present  housing 
condition  has  been  handed  in  to  the  San 
Franisco   Housing   Authority. 

In  business,  in  education,  in  social  life 
and  in  many  other  things  Chinatown  has 
kept  up  with  the  time.  But  in  decent 
and  adequate  standards  of  living  and 
housing  it  is  at  least  25  years  behind. 
Sooner  or  later  it  will  have  to  catch  up 
with  the  times,  and  the  sooner  the  bet- 
ter for  each  inhabitant's  physical  well 
being.  Let  us  hope  that  all  good  men 
and  true  will  work  for  it  when  the  Fed- 
eral housing  program  comes  to  China- 
town. 


A  In  our  October  issue  there 

Coirection  was  an  editoral  on  China- 
town's po-dai  system  in 
which  it  was  mentioned  that  the  former 
Nanking  Bazaar  on  Grant  avenue  fell 
into  Japanese  hands  because  of  a  po- 
dai.  Since  then  we  h-ivr  been  informed 
by   Mr.  You  K.   Lowe,   formerly  oi  the 


c  1 


November,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


THE    CHINATOWN     CRIER 


Editorial - 


Nanking  company,  that  the  bazaar  did 
not  at  any  time  ask  for  any  po-dai.  We 
are  glad  to  make  this  correction.  We 
also  wish  to  point  out  that  the  fear  of 
a  possible  po-dai  asked  by  former  oc- 
cupants, not  necessarily  the  Nanking 
company,  has  kept  many  prospects  from 
considering  the  locality. 


More  On  Speaking   further  on  the 

Po-Dai  subject  of  po-dai,  we  might 

point  out  that  one  of  the 
best  business  locations  in  Chinatown,  the 
store  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Grant 
avenue  and  Clay  street,  has  been  unoccu- 
pied for  we  don't  know  how  many  years 
because  of  a  prohibitive  po-dai.  Right 
now  we  have  a  sneaking  feeling  that 
unless  this  po-dai  is  lifted  and  some 
worthy  Chinese  merchant  be  permitted 
to  move  in  and  do  business  there  some 
astute  business  men  other  than  Chinese 
will  occupy  this  place  before  long.  It 
will  then  be  too  late  to  raise  the  cry  of 
"foreign  invasion,"  or  to  express  senti- 
ments of  regrets.  Get  rid  of  this  po-dai 
before  it  is  too  late.  It  may  once  have 
been  a  useful  instrument  in  Chinatown 
commerce,  but  today  it  is  nothing  less 
than  vicious,  impeding  the  wheel  of 
business  in  the  community. 


An  Inter-  It  is   still  in  the   embryo 

Collegiate  stage,  but  there  is  a  move- 
Conference  ment  afoot  to  call  a  Pacific 
Coast  Inter-Collegiate  Chi- 
nese Student  conference  the  early  part 
of  next  year  down  at  Stanford  univer- 
sity. Those  who  are  starting  this  move- 
ment felt  that  since  a  majority  of  the 
Chinese  college  and  university  students 
on  the  Coast  are  American  born  it 
would  be  eminently  fitting  to  call  a  con- 
ference at  this  time  to  discuss  a  subject 
which  is,  or  should  be,  close  to  their 
everyday  thinking:  second-generation 
Chinese  problems. 

It  is  many  years  now  since  a  general 
student  conference  has  been  held  on  the 
Coast,  and  the  time  is  ripe  for  another 
one  so  that  the  new  generation  of  stu- 
dents may  get  acquainted  with  each 
other.  And  there  is  no  more  appropri- 
ate subject  to  talk  about  than  one  which 
deals  with  their  own  problems,  present 
and  future.  For  this  reason  it  is  hoped 
that  all  students  in  the  various  Coast 
colleges  and  universities  will  support 
this  movement  and  bring  about  the  hold- 
ing of  this  projected  conference  in  1939. 


Our  With  this  issue  the  Chi- 

Fourth  nese    Digest    is     beginning 

Year  its   fourth   year  of   life.    A 

none-profit  journalistic  en- 
deavor, with  a  purely  volunteer  staff, 
the  Digest  aims,  as  we  have  pointed  out 
on  several  occasions,  to  gather  and  pre- 
sent news,  information,  data  and  history 
of  the  Chinese  in  this  country,  and  to 
the  interpretation  of  China  and  things 
Chinese. 

Whatever  success  we  have  had  so 
far  to  fulfill  our  program  has  been 
due  to  the  active  support  and  encourage- 
ment of  our  thousands  of  readers  and 
subscribers  throughout  the  country.  This 
support  is  definite  evidence  that  the  Chi- 
nese Digest  is  fulfilling  a  want,  which 
is  to  have  a  medium  whereby  second 
generation  and  English  reading  Chinese 
may  know  what  are  the  important  and 
significant  events  happening  to  their 
brethren  in  various  parts  of  America. 
With  this  support  we  shall  endeavor  to 
carry   on. 


PROFESSOR  TALKS  ON 
RECENT  VISIT  TO  CHINA 

Tucson,  Ariz. — Dressed  in  Chinese 
costume  in  keeping  with  the  Chinese  at- 
mosphere created  for  the  occasion,  Dr. 
E.  P.  Mathewson  last  month  lectured 
before  a  capacity  audience  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Arizona  on  the  subject  of  "My 
Recent  Visit  to  China."  Dr.  Mathewson 
is  professor  of  mining  administration  at 
the  university  and  had  only  recently  re- 
turned from  an  extended  stay  in  Hong- 
kong, where  he  was  in  charge  of  a  copper 
mine. 

As  part  of  the  program  the  Tucson 
Chinese  orchestra  presented  3  native 
musical  numbers,  preceded  by  a  short  talk 
by  May  Tom  on  the  history  and  types 
of  Chinese  musical  instruments. 

The  Tucson  Chinese  orchestra  was  or- 
ganized less  than  a  year  ago  and  its  mem- 
bers include:  Gerge  Lee,  James  Eng, 
Harry  Lee,  Low  Gin  Sing,  L.  King,  Paul 
Gin,  and  Lew  Yen. — M.Y.T. 


HAWAIIAN  CHINESE 
START  FAIR  IMMIGRATION 
TREATMENT  CAMPAIGN 

Honolulu — A  committee  initiating  a 
Campaign  for  Fair  Treatment  for 
American  Citizens  of  Chinese  Ancestry  in 
Immigration  Matters  was  recently  or- 
ganized by  the  Hawaii  Chinese  Civic 
association  here.  To  achieve  its  objectives 
35  other  Chinese  organizations  in  the 
islands  were  invited  to  participate. 

Established  13  years  ago,  the  Hawaii 
Chinese  Civic  association  has  always 
found  that  the  matter  of  immigration 
treatment  for  the  Chinese  to  be  its  most 
vexing  problem.  Now  it  is  tackling  the 
problem  in  earnest.  Its  very  first  case 
was  that  of  a  young  Chinese,  born  in 
Honolulu  20  years  ago,  but  who  had 
spent  19  of  his  20  years  in  China.  When 
he  returned  to  the  land  of  his  birth  this 
year  he  was  allowed  to  land  only  after 
an  eighteen  weeks'  detention.  He  was 
released  only  after  the  case  was  appealed 
to  the  department  of  labor  in  Washing- 
ton and  a  favorable  decision  was  handed 
down. 


CATHOLIC  MISSION 
TO  DEDICATE  CHAPEL 

San  Francisco — The  newly  remodeled 
chapel  (see  picture  in  CD  for  August, 
1938)  of  the  Chinese  Catholic  Mission 
here  will  be  dedicated  Nov.  6  at  a  sol- 
emn Mass  with  His  Excellency  John  J. 
Mitty,  Archbishop  of  San  Francisco,  as 
celebrant.  Following  the  Mass  which  will 
be  at  10:30  in  the  morning  a  reception 
will  be  held  in  the  mission  social  rooms 
from  1  to  5  o'clock.  Participation  in  the 
Mass  will  be  by  invitation  only  since  the 
chapel  can  accommodate  only  about  250 
people,  but  the  public  is  welcome  to  the 
reception  and  visitation  to  the  chapel  af- 
terwards. 

The  remodeled  chapel  is  in  distinctive 
and  authentic  Chinese  architectural  style 
and  color,  with  green,  deep  red,  and  black 
as  predominant  color  tones.  The  altar 
conforms  to  Catholic  architectural  style 
but  is  also  in  harmony  with  Chinese  re- 
ligious designs. 


THE  COVER  PICTURE 
While  resting  after  an  exhibition  of  ancient  Chinese  dances  at  the  Chinese 
Art  Studio,  willowy  Helen  M.  Fong,  of  Vallejo  and  Berkeley,  is  transformed  into 
a  lovely  scroll  by  camera  magic  at  the  hands  of  Frank  Tanner,  Hollywood 
cameraman  recently  here  on  a  postman's  holiday  with  Mrs.  Tanner.  Mr.  Tanner, 
who  is  cinema  actress  Joan  Crawford's  favorite  cameraman,  and  whose  still 
studies  of  "Good  Earth"  scenes  won  him  national  distinction,  said  that  China- 
town is  a  photographer's  paradise.  Looking  at  Helen  Fong,  we  agreed  with  him. 


Page  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1938 


FAR     EAST 


Pat  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


A  TALE  OF  TWO  CITIES- 
CANTON  AND  HANKOW 

By  Pat  Sun 

On  Oct.  10,  China  celebrated  the 
twenty-seventh  anniversary  of  the  found- 
ing of  the  Republic.  In  spite  of  the  war 
conditions,  the  occasion  turned  out  to 
be  a  jubilant  one,  for  reports  from  the 
front  heralded  that  General  Chang  Fah 
Kwei  had  administered  a  crushing  defeat 
to  the  Japanese.  General  Chang,  whose 
legions  are  known  as  the  "Ironsides," 
had  counter-attacked  the  Japanese  lines 
on  the  west  bank  of  Lake  Poyang  and 
succeeded  in  pushing  back  the  invaders 
along  the  Kiukiang-Nanchang  railway. 
It  was  reported  that  the  Japanese  casu- 
alty in  this  battle  amounted  to  20,000, 
and  the  101st  division  of  the  Japanese 
had  been  completely  annihilated  by  the 
Chinese. 

However,  before  cheer  of  the  cele- 
brants could  ring  out,  a  catastrophe 
suddenly  befell  China  at  her  southern 
extremity.  On  October  12  the  Japanese 
army  started  their  invasion  of  Canton. 
Thirty-five  army  transports  carrying  over 
50,000  Japanese  troops  landed  at  the 
Bias  bay,  north  of  the  British  colony  of 
Hongkong.  Little  resistance  was  offered 
by  the  defenders  whose  ineffective  coast 
artillery  was  no  match  to  the  Japanese 
naval  barrages.  Chinese  resistance  im- 
proved, however,  as  the  Japanese  col- 
umns moved  steadily  inland,  but  Japan- 
ese airplanes  and  artillery  were  being 
used  with  crushing  effectiveness.  From 
the  landing  point  the  invaders  marched 
northward  to  attack  the  city  of  Wai- 
chow,  after  the  capture  of  which  the 
Japanese  turned  westward  to  Tseng- 
shing.  From  this  point,  a  part  of  the  in- 
vading column  headed  north  of  Tsungfa 
for  purpose  of  cutting  through  the  Can- 
ton-Hankow railway,  and  the  remaining 
portion  continued  their  westward  move- 
ment. In  the  meantime,  new  troops 
landing  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pearl  river 
moved  toward  Canton  in  a  northwest- 
ern dirction.  In  one  week's  time  from 
the  landing  of  the  troops  the  Japanese 
had  straddled  the  Canton-Hankow  rail- 
way, and  in  nine  days,  the  invaders  had 
reached  Canton.  On  Oct.  21,  the 
Japanese  entered  the  southern  metropo- 
lis of  China,  and  China's  most  impor- 
tant gateway  to  the  outside  world. 

The  rapidity  with  which  the  Japanese 
occupied  Canton  came  as  a  surprise  to 
neutral     observers.     Conflicting     reports 


became  prevalent  at  once  as  to  the  true 
cause  of  Chinese  defeat.  Suspicion  of 
certain  Chinese  generals  in  a  "sell  out" 
has  yet  to  be  proved. 

On  the  part  of  Japan,  the  new  move 
was  perfectly  timed  in  view  of  the  in- 
ternational situation.  The  Munich  pact 
in  Europe  had  convinced  Japan  that  she 
should  no  longer  care  whether  she  pro- 
voked Great  Britain  by  trespassing  the 
Hongkong  area.  Japan  was  also  re- 
lieved from  the  fear  of  Soviet  Russia, 
as  the  red  purge  had  just  caught  up  with 
General  Vassily  Blucher,  commander  of 
the  Red  Army  in  Siberia  and  reputedly 
the  most  anti-Japanese  leader  in  Russia. 
Japanese  forces  guarding  the  Manchu- 
rian  borders  were  then  hastily  withdrawn 
to  engage  in  the  new  venture  in  South 
China. 

Apparently,  from  a  military  viewpoint, 
the  capture  of  Canton  was  meant  to  shut 
off  China's  munition  supplies  from  over- 
seas. Besides  this,  it  was  said  that  the 
Japanese  had  another  strategical  reason. 
The  Japanese  army  and  navy  had  been 
stalmated  in  Central  China  for  months. 
If  Hankow  was  to  be  captured  at  all, 
the  invaders  must  attack  a  new  front  so 
as  to  decoy  the  strong  Chinese  forces 
guarding  the  provisional  capital.  Of 
these  strong  forces  a  large  part  came 
from  Kwantung  and  Kwangsi,  such  as 
the  "Ironsides"  of  General  Chang  Fah 
Kwei  and  Fifth  Route  army  of  General 
Li  Chung  Jen  and  General  Pai  Chung 
Hsi.  By  attacking  South  China ,  the 
Japanese  planned  to  stir  up  age-long 
regionism  among  the  southern  people 
who  would  compel  the  Chinese  high 
command  to  send  back  their  provincial 
troops,  and  the  withdrawal  of  these 
troops  would  weaken  the  defense  of 
Hankow,  thus  paving  the  way  for  the 
Japanese  entry. 

The  Japanese  had  gradually  tighten- 
ed their  ring  of  bayonets  around  Han- 
kow. From  the  north,  one  Japanese  col- 
umn had  captured  Sinyang  and  was 
marching  downward  along  the  Peiping- 
Hankow  railway.  From  the  northeast, 
came  another  column  through  the  Ta- 
pieh  mountains  toward  the  Macheng- 
Hankow  highway.  A  third  column 
slashed  through  Kichun  along  the 
Yangtze  river  bank.  And  a  fourth  col- 
umn captured  Yangsin  on  the  south- 
east of  Hankow  and  attempted  to  cut 
the  Hankow-Canton  railway  in  the 
south.    The  fall  of  Canton  came  as  a 


death  blow  to  the  defense  of  Hankow. 
The  news  of  the  southern  debacle  im- 
mediately crumbled  the  Chinese  resis- 
tance. To  preserve  the  fighting  strength, 
the  Chinese  high  command  ordered  a  re- 
treat from  Hankow.  On  Oct.  25,  the 
Japanese  entered  the  Wu-Han  area. 

The  Chinese  troops  bid  fair  in  carry- 
ing out  their  "scorched  earth"  policy. 
Both  in  Canton  and  in  Hankow  all  the 
public  works,  industrial  plants,  govern- 
mental buildings,  railway  depots,  etc. 
were  burned  down  or  dynamited,  thus 
leaving  nothing  but  pieces  of  scorched 
earth  for  the  enemy. 

After  the  tragic  fall  of  Canton  and 
Hankow,  a  flurry  of  reports  predicated 
the  end  of  war.  Peace  jitterbugs  from 
a  war-scared  nation  and  fascistic  states 
immediately  offered  to  mediate.  Out- 
wardly Japan  does  not  want  peace.  In 
an  interview  with  an  American  reporter 
Japanese  war  minister  Itagaki  declared 
that  Japan  would  continue  to  fight  un- 
til the  "anti-Japanese  and  influence  of 
General  Chiang  Kai-shek  is  destroyed.'" 
But  actually  nothing  would  suit  the 
Japanese  better  than  to  conclude  peace 
with  China  at  this  time.  Japan  is  at  the 
point  of  exhaustion  both  militarily  and 
financially.  The  cessation  of  hostilities 
would  enable  the  Japanese  to  consoli- 
date her  spoils  of  war,  wipe  out  the 
guerilla  fighters,  develop  means  of  com- 
munications and  exploit  the  natural  re- 
sources in  the  conquered  areas.  If  Japan 
is  given  peace,  she  will  make  use  of 
China's  reservoir  of  man-power  and 
natural  resources  to  feed  her  gigantic 
war  machine  and  in  a  few  years  she  will 
be  invulnerable.  There  will  be  no  chance 
for  China  then  to  recover  her  lost  terri- 
tory. In  spite  of  all  the  insurmountable 
difficulties  General  Chiang  Kai-shek  em- 
phatically declared  that  China  is  de- 
termined to  conduct  a  prolonged  re- 
sistance against  the  Japanese  and  con- 
sensus of  opinion  among  the  leading 
Chinese  statesmen  is  that  there  shall  be 
no  peace  until  the  complete  withdrawal 
of   Japanese   troops   from   entire  China. 


San  Francisco — Last  month  D.  \X  . 
Low  celebrated  the  25th  year  of  his 
management  of  the  Shanghai  Low  with 
a  banquet  in  which  city  notables  wen- 
present.  A  special  guest  was  the  nation- 
ally known  artist  Covarrubias. 


■*&& 


November,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  5 


FAR     EAST 


Pat  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


ALL  TOO  TRUE 

(Condensed  from  an  article  by  Dr^ 
Charles  R.  Shepherd  in  the  October 
Chung  Mei  Chronicle.) 

In  a  "supplement"  sent  out  with  our 
June  issue  we  gave  a  two  page  descrip- 
tion of  "the  Rape  of  Nanking"  by  Jap- 
anese troops.  The  July  issue  of  the  Read- 
ers Digest  published  a  similar  account 
which  was  a  condensation  from  Ken.  Af- 
ter the  Readers  Digest  published  their 
account  they  received  numerous  letters 
from  their  readers  charging  that  is  was 
"obviously  rank  propaganda"  and  "remin- 
iscent of  the  stuff  fed  the  public  during 
the  world  war." 

The  editors  of  the  Readers  Digest  there- 
upon decided  to  make  some  investigation 
themselves.  At  considerable  pains,  they 
collected  letters  from  the  handful  of 
Americans  who  stayed  in  Nanking  dur- 
ing .  those  awful  days.  All  these  letters 
tell  the  same  story,  with  the  result  that 
in  their  October  issue  the  editors  are  de- 
claring to  the  world  that  the  terrible  tale 
is  true. 

Of  course  we  knew  it  was  true,  or 
we  would  not  have  published  it.  We  knew 
it  was  true,  not  only  because  we  had  the 
incontrovertible  documentary  evidence, 
but  also  because  we  had  seen  further  evi- 
dence in  moving  pictures  taken  by  one 
who  compiled  the  document.  These  pic- 
tures were  of  such  a  ghastly  nature  that 
the  United  States  government  would  not 
permit  their  showing  in  the  regular  movie 
houses,  lest  they  stir  up  too  violent  agi- 
tation against  Japan. 

We  saw  the  stripped  bodies  of  women 
and  little  children  bearing  the  marks  of 
many  bayonet  wounds.  We  saw  the  wo- 
man— still  alive — with  her  head  half  cut 
off  by  a  bayonet  thrust.  We  saw  the  refu- 
gees being  herded  like  cattle  and  led 
away  to  be  shot.  We  saw  the  sole  sur- 
vivor of  the  one  hundred  and  forty,  of 
whom  the  Digest  speaks,  who  had  been 
led  from  a  refugee  camp  to  the  hills, 
where  they  were  first  sprayed  with  ma- 
chine guns  and  then  soaked  with  gasoline 
and  set  afire.  This  man  was  still  alive, 
ized  iron  containers  that  look  like  buckets, 
though  his  head  was  charred,  and  his  eyes 
had  been  burnt  out. 

We  will  admit  the  possibility  of  some 
exaggeration  in  a  narrative  written  under 
intense  excitement — though  we  do  not  be- 
lieve this  narrative  was  exaggerated.  We 
further  admit  that  a  gruesome  tale  some- 
times gains  in  gruesomeness  with  frequent 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


LOSING  JAPAN 
IN  CHINA'S  BULK 

Time  and  man-power  are  not  the  only 
factors  in  China's  potential  strength  of 
resistance.  Her  vast  territorial  domain 
is  also  playing  a  vital  role  in  prolong- 
ing her  war  against  Japan's  invasion. 

Comprising  an  area  of  more  than 
4,000,000  square  miles,  or  25  times 
the  size  of  Japan  proper,  China, 
since  the  war,  has  unmistakably  pinned 
her  faith  of  winning  ultimate  victory 
not  in  her  seaboard  provinces  but  in  the 
vast  hinterland,  from  which  she  has 
emerged  as  one  of  the  oldest  and  larg- 
est nations  in  the  world. 

After  fourteen  months  of  resistance, 
China  has  lost  only  400,000  square  miles, 
or  one-tenth  of  her  entire  country,  to  the 
invaders,  who,  in  turn,  have  suffered 
more  than  400,000  casualties  for  their 
most  insecure  territorial  gains.  If  the 
present  ratio  continues,  it  would  require 
Japan  some  twelve  years  and  a  total  of 
4,000,000  war  dead  and  wounded  to  con- 
quer the  whole  of  China,  which  would 
prove  an  impossible  task  for  the  in- 
vaders, not  to  speak  of  China's  increas- 
ing power  of  resistance. 

The  length  of  China  from  Siberia  in 
the  north  to  Burma  in  the  south  is 
2,750  miles,  and  its  breadth  from  Rus- 
sian Turkestan  in  the  west  to  the  Pa- 
cific coast  in  the  east  is  3,250  miles.  It 
is  even  larger  than  Europe,  whose 
length  from  the  North  Cape  to  the 
south  of  Greece  is  about  2,400  miles, 
and  its  breadth  from  Cape  St.  Vincent 
to  the  Ural  Mountains  is  about  3,300 
miles. 

The  largest  province  in  China  Proper 
is  Szechuan,  which  is  a  few  thousand 
square  miles  bigger  than  France;  and 
the  smallest  province  is  Chekiang,  which 
is  more  than  twice  the  size  of  Switzer- 
land. Sinkiang,  an  outlying  Chinese 
province  between  Central  Asia  and  Ti- 
bet, comprises  550,579  square  miles,  or 
nearly  three  times  the  size  of  Spain. 
China  owns  two  of  the  largest  rivers  in 
the  world,  the  Yangtze  and  the  Yellow 
River,  which  are  3,400  and  2,600  miles 
long  respectively  and  each  of  which 
drains  600,000  square  miles  of  her  soil 
which  extends  over  one-twelfth  of  the 
land  surface  of  the  earth. 
o 

San  Diego — Quon  Mane,  Chinese 
importing  firm  and  one  of  the  oldest  in 
this  city,  recently  celebrated  its  50th 
year   in  business. 


MEDICAL  AID 
COMES  TO  CHINA 

Overseas  Chinese  and  foreign  friends 
interested  in  China's  cause,  have  con- 
ceived the  happy  thought  of  sending  ship- 
ments of  drugs  and  surgical  supplies  ad- 
dressed to   Madame  Chiang  Kai-shek. 

There  is  no  better  way  of  assisting  the 
wounded,  refugees,  war  orphans,  and 
those  who  are  suffering  from  the  ravages 
of  war.  On  Sept.  17,  at  the  headquarters 
of  the  New  Life  Movement  Women's 
Adivsory  committee  in  Hankow,  Ma- 
dame Chiang  personally  inspected  sup- 
plies of  medicine  and  surgical  instruments 
that  had  just  come  from  friends  in  Amer- 
ica, Java  and  Czechoslovakia.  From 
America  came  sufficient  instruments  to 
equip  a  complete  field  hospital. 

These  compact  surgical  kits,  complete 
with  portable  X-Ray,  are  ideal  for  med- 
ical service  near  the  war  zones.  Madame 
Chiang  was  pleased  with  the  selection  of 
supplies  that  her  friends  overseas  had 
made  and  sent  to  her  for  immediate  use. 

Among  the  medical  supplies  were 
200,000  quinine  tablets  each  made  up  of 
5  grains  of  sulphate  without  sugar  coat- 
ing. Bitter  to  take,  but  in  the  ideal  form 
for  use  at  the  front,  where  thousands  of 
men  will  be  treated  and  sent  from  rest 
camps  back  to  join  their  regiments  in  the 
trenches.  There  is  nothing  that  is  more 
needed  now  at  this  particular  season, 
and  under  the  circumstances  of  the  de- 
fense of  this  water  surrounded  central 
China  area,  than  great  quantities  of  quin- 
ine. In  this  swampy  region,  where  every- 
body has  been  exposed  to  malaria,  quin- 
ine is  as  important  as  ammunition  to  ev- 
ery army  in  the  field.  Packed  in  galvan- 
ized iron  containers  that  look  like  buckets, 
each  holding  about  25,000  tablets,  quin- 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


VISIT   OUR    NEW    AND    ENLARGED 
CLOTHING   FLOOR 

Suits  and  Overcoats 
Thrift  Shop,  $23.50 
Castlerock,  $30,  $35,  $40 
Thos.  Heath,  $50 
Worsted -tex,  $40 

Henry  Tom,   Representative 
Market  at  Stockton 


m* 


Page  6 


CH INESE     DIGEST 


November,  1938 


THE    JADE    BOX 


Lady  P'ing  Yu 


EACH  INDIVIDUAL  MUST 
SHOW  HIS  STUFF 

Dear   "Mere   Male," 

I  read  the  letter  which  you  wrote  to 
a  certain  young  lady  and  found  it  most 
interesting.  I  certainly  agree  with  you 
that  there  is  an  appalling  lack  of  con- 
science among  many  Chinatown  girls 
who  continue  to  buy  the  "latest  shades" 
in  silk  stockings  to  help  extend  Japan's 
ability  to  get  more  munitions  with  which 
to  shoot  down  our  helpless  brethren 
across  the   seas. 

Ever  since  the  beginning  of  this  un- 
holy Japanese  invasion  of  China,  small 
groups  of  individuaals  in  Chinatown 
took  up  the  stand  of  E.  Stanley  Jones, 
noted  American  missionary,  and  others 
that  the  only  course  open  to  us  was  to 
pronounce  a  moral  judgment  of  condem- 
nation on  Japan's  aggression  in  the  Far 
East  and  to  implement  this  moral  con- 
demnation by  an  economic  withdrawal, 
for  "we  cannot  economically  support 
what  we  morally  condemn."  In  other 
words,  Japan  must  pay  for  this  war 
through  her  trade  abroad  and  if  we  con- 
tinue to  buy  from  her,  we  help  to  pro- 
vide her  with  the  cost  of  this  war.  It 
is  the  money  which  Japan  gets  from 
our  trade  that  goes  to  pay  for  the  count- 
less people  massacred  throughout  China. 

As  you  know,  Chinatown  merchants 
as  a  group  have  submitted  to  the  co- 
ercion of  group  conscience  and  have 
openly  stopped  their  trade  with  the 
Japanese.  And  you  must  know  also  that 
notwithstanding  severe  penalties,  many 
individual  businessmen  have  not  seen  fit 
to  express  their  moral  condemnation  in 
this  practical  and  vital  way  of  withdraw- 
ing from  Japan  all  economic  support. 

You  will  realize,  "Mere  Male,"  that 
this  is  what  burns  people  such  as  you 
and  I  up  so.  You  find  people  vocifer- 
ous in  their  condemnation  of  the  horrors 
of  war  and  pitifully  verbose  in  their 
sympathy  for  the  poor  refugees,  and  yet 
they  do  not  feel  concerned  enough  to  do 
what  is  open  for  them  to  do.  Protesting 
hard  times,  they  are  not  willing  to  con- 
tribute a  cent  to  relieve  China's  plight, 
but  still  they  do  not  refuse  to  buy  Japan- 
ese goods  or  to  spend  lavishly  on  private 
parties  and  buy  the  best  wine  or  cham- 
pagne in  the  market. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  you're  absolutely- 
right  about  many  of  us  being  hypocrites. 
I  actually  know  women  who  weep  open- 
ly and  sicken  over  the  ghastly  reports 
on  the  rape  of  Chinese  women  by  Japan- 


WAR  SETS  NEW  STYLES  IN 
CHINESE  WOMEN'S  FASHION 

A  year  of  war  has  found  Chi- 
nese girls  spending  less  time  in 
dressing  and  beautifying  them- 
selves. Today  from  city  streets  to 
country  roads  in  the  interior,  one 
finds  robust  and  sun-tanned  Chi- 
nese women  whose  chief  interests 
are  first-aid  and  military  training 
rather  than  fashions  and  amuse- 
ments. 

In  pre-war  years,  Chinese  wo- 
men spent  millions  of  dollars  on 
imported  cosmetics  and  clothing. 
Now  they  are  wearing  serviceable 
native-made  dresses.  Their  faces 
are  clean  of  powder  and  rouge, 
their  hair  unwaved  but  neatly 
combed,  thus  saving  money  for 
caring  for  their  destitute  friends, 
relatives  and  fellow-countrymen. 
Long  streamlined  gowns  are  being 
outmoded  by  sleeveless,  up-to-the- 
knee  dresses  which  afford  more 
ease,  comfort,  and  economy  in 
making.  Japanese  cotton-goods 
and  Western-styled  silk  stockings 
find  little  popularity  in  China's  in- 
land where  cheap  and  durable 
substitutes  can  be  purchased  every- 
where. 

Black  satin  dresses,  hitherto  con- 
sidered out  of  vogue  by  modern 
Chinese  misses,  have  made  a  whole- 
sale re-appearance  on  the  streets 
this  summer.  In  many  places  the 
wearing  of  white  dress,  which 
easily  draws  the  attention  of  Jap- 
anese bombers,  is  banned.  Also, 
uniforms  of  different  styles  and 
hues  are  worn  by  many  Chinese 
girls  who  are  members  of  different 
wartime   organizations. 


soldiers,  and  yet  feel  no  shame  to  have 
their  money  go  to  support  these  soldiers 
on  Chinese  soil  by  continuing  to  buy 
Japanese   silk. 

The  fact  is,  as  you  say,  the  vanity  of 
many  women  is  stronger  than  their  feel- 
ing for  their  sisters  across  the  Pacific 
and  whatever  moral  judgment  they  may 
have  toward  this  war. 

I  expect  you  know  that  the  China 
War  Relief  association,  the  most  influ- 
ential   and    representative    organization 


existing  in  Chinatown,  made  the  unfor- 
tunate mistake  of  trusting  women  to 
their  own  conscience  to  register  their 
disapproval  of  Japan's  acts  and  has  not 
concerned  itself  with  the  lisle  hoisery 
and  cotton  movement.  Silk  is  the  life- 
line which  connects  Japan  with  credit 
and  resources  abroad  and  Chinese  wo- 
men in  America  can  exert  considerable 
strength  toward  severing  this  strong  and 
important  link. 

But  you  see,  people  still  lack  indi- 
vidual discipline  to  overcome  selfish  de- 
sires, and  individual  willingness  to  fore- 
go immediate  pleasures  and  luxuries  to 
gain  nobler  group  objectives  is  obviously 
not  sufficiently  apparent  among  many. 
And  because  of  the  lack  of  group  pres- 
sure in  Chinatown,  the  individual  wo- 
man feels  uncompelled  to  register  her 
moral  protest  by  withdrawing  her  eco- 
nomic support  of  Japan's  atrocities  and 
to  get  others  to  do  so.  Is  it  any  wonder 
then,  that  force  is  still  most  frequently 
resorted  to  in  order  to  gain  immediate 
results? 

Frankly  speaking,  we  as  individuals 
generally  contribute  to  our  own  undoing. 
When  we  are  unwilling  to  recognize  the 
heritage  of  determination,  endurance,  and 
courage  which  is  ours  and  devote  this 
heritage  to  worthy  uses,  unbearable  ex- 
ternal forces  will  compel  us  to  exercise 
it.  Then  it  will  be  too  late  to  regret  our 
course. 

We  know  full  well  that  words  alone 
cannot  help  stem  the  tide  of  Japanese 
aggression.  It  requires  something  more 
than  that.  Witness  the  films  which  pic- 
ture the  unspeakable  horrors  to  which 
the  Chinese  people  have  been  subjected 
in  the  sack  of  Nanking  and  the  indescrib- 
able suffering  of  China's  population  to- 
day. Although  laboring  against  great 
odds,  their  patriotism  and  fortitude  arc 
doing  justice  to  their  glorious  heritage. 
What  they  are  accomplishing  over  there, 
caught  in  a  veritable  inferno,  are  never- 
to-be-forgotten  monuments  to  Chinese 
humanity  and  heroism. 

I  know  you  will  agree  with  mc  that 
every  Chinese  man  or  woman  who  lives 
in  the  United  State,  a  paradise  if  ever 
there  was  one,  must  not  wait  until  he 
or  she  is  forced  to  show  of  what  stuff  he 
is  made. 


I 


November,  1938 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Poge  7 


SOCIOLOGICAL     DATA 


Lim  P.  Lee 


(Editor's  Note:   The  following  article 
is  written  by  a  second- generation  Chinese 
who  has  worked  in  the  industry  which 
he   describes.     The   opinions   expresseed 
zre   entirely   the   author's   own.) 
THE  CHINESE  IN  TODAY'S 
ALASKA'S  SALMON  INDUSTRY 
By  Fred  G.  Woo 

After  several  weeks'  delay  which 
threatened  to  close  down  the  Alaskan 
salmon  industry  valued  annually,  accord- 
ing to  estimates,  at  $45,000,000  to  $70,- 
000,000,  a  complete  tie-up  was  averted 
this  year  when  the  salmon  companies  and 
the  various  unions  involved  signed  a  zero- 
hour  agreement  in  the  latter  part  of 
May. 

Normally  employing  approximately 
5,000  men,  the  salmon  companies  of  San 
Francisco,  Portland  and  Seattle  this  year 
sent  up  north  almost  that  number  of 
workers.  It  is  reported  that  only  a  few 
hundred  .men  throughout  the  Pacific 
coast  who  would  have  been  employed  in 
the  industry  were  forced  to  remain  unem- 
ployed. A  vast  majority  of  this  compara- 
tively small  group  of  workers  were  permit 
men,  that  is,  first  year  men  dispatched  by 
the  unions  from  hiring  halls  last  year. 
Demand  Pay  Cut 

The  Alaska  Packers  association  and 
the  Red  Salmon  company  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, the  Pacific  American  fisheries  and 
Libby,  McNeil,  Libby  company  of  the 
Pacific  Northwest,  the  salmon  industry's 
major  operators,  came  out  early  this  year 
with  an  announcement  that  the  unions 
would  have  to  accept  cuts  from  the  1937 
wage  scale,  ranging  from  17  to  33  per 
cent,  or  the  canneries  would  not  be 
opened  for  1938.  This  huge  pay  slash 
was  demanded  despite  the  fact  that  the 
concern's  net  profits  for  last  year  com- 
pared favorably  with  those  of  1936. 

The  A.P.A.,  although  netting  less 
in  1937  than  in  1936,  paid  higher  divi- 
dends on  per  share  basis,  while  the  P.A.F. 
made  a  much  higher  net  profit  total  in 
1937  than  the  year  previous,  $766,928  as 
against  $703,273. 
Dual   Unionism 

The  situation  was  further  complicated 
when  the  dual  American  Federation  of 
Labor  cannery  workers'  unions  at  Seattle 
and  San  Francisco  entered  the  field  and 
attempted  to  be  set  up  as  the  bargaining 
agencies  for  Alaska's  fishing  canneries,  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  the  Committee  for 
Industrial  Organization  unions  had  been 
sending  cannery  hands  north.  Last  year, 
throughout  the  Coast,  regular  cannery 
employees  voted  overwhelmingly  to  leave 


the  A.F.L.  for  affiliation  with  the  C.I.O. 

Following  National  Labor  Relations 
board  hearings  in  the  two  cities,  the 
C.I.O.  unions  were  designated  as  the  sole 
collective  bargaining  agencies  for  Alaska 
cannery  workers.  In  San  Francisco,  at- 
torneys for  A.F.L.  union,  an  independent 
Filipino  union  and  the  salmon  compa- 
nies signed  a  stipulation,  admitting  a  clear 
C.I.O.  majority  among  these  workers. 

In  a  last  minute  fight  for  recognition, 
the  dual  unionists  at  Seattle  demanded  a 
second  consent  election  among  cannery 
men,  the  first  having  been  won  by  the 
C.I.O.  with  a  big  margin.  The  latter  un- 
ion also  emerged  the  winner  in  the  sec- 
ond balloting.  Thus  the  way  was  paved 
for  an  immediate  settlement  of  all  ob- 
stacles, except  salaries,  when  the  salmon 
packers  declared  that  it  was  virtually  im- 
possible to  get  the  season  under  way,  that 
the  time  was  becoming  too  short  for 
preparations. 

However,  probably  due  to  pressure 
from  Washington,  D.  C,  the  companies' 
desire  to  salvage  part  of  the  season,  and 
the  unions'  determination  not  to  force 
its  members  into  the  ranks  of  the  unem- 
ployed, agreements  were  finally  signed 
with  a  seven  per  cent  cut  from  the  1937 
wage  scale,  with  no  slash,  however,  in 
overtime  pay. 

Although  the  six-months  canneries  were 
behind  schedule  approximately  a  month 
and  a  half,  the  three-months  canneries 
were  but  a  week  or  so  behind  time.  Thus, 
the  salmon  canneries  on  Kodiak  island, 
southeastern  Alaska,  and  Bristol  bay 
were  operated  at  almost  full  capacity  this 
season  between  May  and  July. 
Chinese  Workers 

Yearly,  hundreds  of  Chinese  are  em- 
ployed in  these  canneries,  most  of  them 
shipping  out  from  Golden  Gate.  In  the 
old  days  of  the  sailing  vessels,  the  Chi- 
nese, as  well  the  Mexicans,  Filipinos,  Ne- 
groes, Italians,  Porto  Ricans,  Portuguese, 
Japanese,  Cubans,  Scandinavians,  Amer- 
ican and  workers  of  various  other  nation- 
alities suffered  untold  hardships  before 
they  arrived  at  their  destinations.  Sailing 


time  took  from  one  to  three  months  after 
departure  from  the  home  port.  Working, 
food,  sanitary,  and  other  conditions  were 
utterly  deplorable. 

During  the  past  decade,  however,  great 
improvements  have  taken  place.  Today 
there  are  well-lighted  cabins  and  dining 
halls,  shower  baths,  adequate  laundering 
spaces,  and  working  conditions  are  far 
better.  Life  for  the  Alaskan  voyager  to- 
day is  far  more  comfortable  and  pleasant. 
This  is  true  especially  following  indus- 
trial unionization  of  all  workers  con- 
cerned. For  instance,  where  they  formerly 
toiled  twelve  or  thirteen  hours  a  day, 
today  the  workers  put  in  a  regular  eight- 
hour  shift  with  a  weekly  day  off,  which 
they  did  not  enjoy  before.  Whereas  in 
1932  and  1933  the  cannery  workers  earned 
from  $100  to  $160  for  a  three-month 
season,  last  year  for  the  corresponding 
period,  the  average  earning  was  about 
$350.  And  steamers  today  ply  the  dis- 
tance in  as  short  a  period  as  six  days 
sailing  time. 

It  has  been  common  knowledge  that 
many  of  the  Chinese  workers,  as  well 
as  others  who  went  to  Alaska  years  ago, 
were  mostly  people  in  debt,  drug  addicts, 
gangsters,  tongmen  and  men  on  the  po- 
lice departments'  wanted  list.  Workers 
were  handpicked  by  rackateering  employ- 
ers and  dubious  employment  agencies  who 
chiseled  part  of  their  low  and  hard-earned 
wages.  That  now  is  a  thing  of  the  past. 

Today  the  Chinese  and  all  other  work- 
ers come  from  the  union  halls.  During 
the  depression  years,  they  became  gradu- 
ally supplanted  by  bona  fide  workers,  true 
representatives  of  the  working  class.  The 
last  vestige  of  the  days  gone  by  van- 
ished a  few  years  ago  when  several  so- 
called  heads  of  the  hiring  system  were 
tried  and  convicted  on  espionage  charges, 
fined  and  sent  to  prison. 

An  old  method  of  the  companies  in  fos- 
tering one  type  of  workers  against  an- 
other and  one  racial  group  against  an- 
other also  went  by  the  board,  as  evidenced 
by  the  powerful  co-ordinating  committee 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


i 


Suite  One 


YUkon  2313 


The 
FASHION  STUDIO 

distinctive  styling 


LILLIE  LUM 
PEARL  FONG 


717    Sacramento    St. 
San   Francisco,  Calif. 


I 

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►.A 


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Page  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1938 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


Chingwah  Lee 


Jkitouf  o<lf  the  Occult  Anil  In  GUina 


China,  especially  pre-revolutionary 
China,  is  a  living  museum  of  magic  lores 
and  weird  Oriental  sorceries.  All  the 
known  occult  arts — shamanism,  demon- 
ology,  vampirism,  fetishism,  cabalistic 
incantation,  theugic  exorcism,  planchette 
or  automatic  writing,  hydromancy,  pyro- 
mancy, spirit  rapping,  rhabdomancy, 
arithmancy  or  numerology,  necromancy, 
astrology,  palmistry,  phrenology  or  phys- 
iognomistic  reading,  mesmerism  or  hyp- 
notism, telepathy,  clairvoyance — formed 
a  united  front  to  confront  the  believers 
in  black  magic. 

The  question  might  be  asked  why  Chi- 
na, whose  officials  and  intellectuals  are 
least  given  to  mysticism,  should  tolerate 
so  much  of  the  superstitious.  The  answer 
is  that  the  leaders,  by  their  very  neglect 
of  things  spiritual,  had  permitted  the 
search  to  satisfy  the  craving  for  the  un- 
known to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  il- 
literates and  the  charlatans.  Their  fail- 
ure to  develop  a  scientific  philosophy  and 
therefore  a  science  makes  all  the  more 
urgent  the  need  for  a  substitute,  how- 
ever illusory,  to  take  care  of  the  needs 
and  woes  incidental  to  the  battles  of  life. 

By  observing  the  formation  of  the 
head,  face,  hands,  and  other  portions  of 
the  human  body  the  physiognomists  are 
able  to  determine  not  only  one's  abilities 
but  also  one's  destiny.  The  following  are 
considered  good  points  for  a  man:  high 
forehead,  intelligence  and  fore-ordina- 
tion to  officialdom;  long  and  thick  eye- 
brows, fame;  large  and  thick  ears,  long 
life;  large  mouth,  health;  large  chin,  good 
fortune;  a  high  and  firm  nose,  worldly 
power;  high  cheek  bones,  strong  charac- 
ter; a  silky  beard,  refinement;  dark  mous- 
tache with  ends  curling  upward,  opti- 
mistic nature;  large  neck,  long  life  for 
the  subject's  wife  (sic) ;  powerful  voice, 
good  habits;  long,  angular  eyes,  wisdom 
and  honesty.  A  mole  on  the  mid-forehead 
indicates  spiritual  wisdom,  while  a  mole 
under  the  big  toe  denotes  a  military  geni- 
us. 

If  a  man  is  "straight  of  intestine  and 
stomach"  he  is  considered  too  headstrong 
and  lacking  in  diplomacy  to  get  far.  If 
he  has  the  "heart  of  a  pig  and  the  liver 
of  a  dog"  he  is  merely  an  uncultured 
bumpkin,  while  if  he  has  the  "head  of 
a  snake  and  the  eyes  of  a  rat"  he  is  con- 
sidered wicked  and  cruel.  Those  with  bad 
signs  are  advised  to  join  a  monastery  in 


order  to  escape  some  of  the  calamities  in 
store   for   them. 

If  a  man  has  thick  hands  with  soft 
florid  palms,  free  from  harsh  wrinkles 
and  with  fingers  fitting  close  together  he 
may  expect  to  have  a  life  of  prosperity  and 
good  fortune.  Very  fine  lines  on  the  palm 
is  the  sign  of  a  good  technical  mind. 
Small  tapering  fingers  denote  an  artist. 
A  strong  upturned  thumb  indicates  a 
dictator.  Those  whose  fingers  are  not 
close  fitting  are  unable  to  manage  their 
financial  affairs.  A  long  straw  is  used  by 
the  palmist  to  measure  the  palm,  the 
length  obtained  being  used  to  fashion  the 
outline  of  a  tortoise  from  which  the  life 
span  is   deducted. 

The  number  of  books  and  manuscripts 
on  the  occult  arts  would  stagger  the 
imagination  of  the  uninitiated.  The  mar- 
ket contains  many  books  which  offer 
long  lists  of  dreams  and  their  interpreta- 
tion. These  are  just  a  few  examples: 

Riding  a  dragon;  subject  will  become 
an  official. 

Sun  and  moon  together:  fatherhood  in 
sight. 

Sun  alone:  A  sun  will  be  born. 

Moon  alone:  A  daughter  will  be  born. 

Dark  clouds:  Sickness. 

Mountain  crumbling:    calamities. 

Wearing  another  man's  shoes:  un- 
faithful mate. 

Gems  or  treasures:  prosperity. 

Red  sky:  war. 

Being  in  a  wine  house:  success. 

Earthquake:    happiness. 

The  history  of  China  was  greatly  af- 
fected on  many  occasions  because  of 
dreams  on  the  part  of  her  rulers:  Emper- 
or Mo-ting  of  the  Shang  dynasty  se- 
lected a  Minister  of  State  as  the  result 
of  a  dream;  the  minister  saved  the  coun- 
try from  numerous  disasters  later.  The 
Chou  dynasty  was  founded  as  the  result 
of  a  dream  by  Chou  Min  Wang  when  he 
was  a  viceroy  of  a  minor  kingdom.  Budd- 
hism was  transplanted  into  China  as  the 
result  of  a  dream  about  a  golden  figure 
by  Emperor  Ming  Ti  in  the  year  61  A.D. 
At  the  advise  of  his  ministers  who  had 
heard  of  the  Buddha  in  India,  he  sent  a 
mission  to  the  West  to  bring  Buddhism 
into  the  country.  The  Ming  dynasty  was 
founded  by  a  Monk  as  the  result  of  a 
dream. 

Astrology  probably  reached  China 
from  Mesopotamia  by  way  of  India.  The 
twelve  symbols  are  not  identical  to  those 


of  the  West  but  the  use  to  which  they  are 
Suiipj  auj^  -3ures  aip  Ajpuuassa  si  2nd 
observatory  used  to  put  out  an  official 
tung-shing  or  almanac  which  listed  all 
the  lucky  and  unlucky  days  of  the  year. 
Days  ruled  by  the  constellation  kok-sing 
or  tai-sing  are  very  unlucky  and  no  busi- 
ness transactions,  marriages,  voyages, 
building  of  structures,  or  burials  may  be 
undertaken  under  their  influence.  Pai  pa- 
tzu  is  the  term  used  for  charting  one's 
life  from  the  date  and  hour  of  birth. 
A  person's  vocation  is  often  determined 
by  the  pa-tzu,  and  only  those  who  are 
under  harmonius  signs  should  marry  one 
another.  This  offers  a  legitimate  excuse 
for  breaking  off  contemplated  marriage. 
The  ten  "stem-days"  (kap,  yuet,  ping, 
ting,  etc.)  have  influences  over  men  and 
certain  of  these  days  are  bad  for  such 
activities  as  planting,  repairing  of  dykes, 
business,  etc.  while  the  twelve  "branch- 
days"  (tzu,  chou,  yan,  mou,  etc.)  govern 
women  and  certain  ones  are  bad  for  wash- 
ing, house  cleaning,  baking,  etc. 

There  are  many  ways  of  telling  for- 
tunes. In  spirit  rapping  the  consultant 
swallows  a  liquid  in  which  are  the  ashes 
of  a  mystic  scroll.  Examining  an  ex- 
humed corpse  or  freshly  exposed  liver 
of  chicken  or  hog  is  a  favorite  means,  as 
is  the  tossing  of  coins  against  a  tortoise 
shell.  The  Shang  people  apply  fire  to  a 
tortoise  shell  or  scapula  bone  and  study 
the  resulting  fractures.  Shamans  are  of- 
ten called  to  go  into  trances  so  as  to  visit 
the  spirit  world  to  obtain  messages  from 
departed  relatives  or  to  find  cure  for 
sickness  or  affliction.  Blind  soothsayers 
constitute  a  highly  respected  and  prosper- 
ous class.  They  usually  travel  about  the 
country  playing  on  a  harp  or  a  guitar  and 
many  are  accompanied  by  secretaries. 
They  are  well  informed  on  the  history  and 
general  condition  of  the  country  and  so 
are  often  consulted  for  travel  informa- 
tion, knowledge,  etc. 

Divination  by  words  is  known  as  tsik 
tzu.  The  consultant  picks  a  card  from 
a  box  containing  a  thousand  other  cards, 
each  card  bearing  a  word  or  a  number. 
The  radical  and  phonetic  elements  are 
then  analyzed,  and  a  plausible  explana- 
tion is  always  forthcoming.  Some  fortune 
tellers  have  trained  birds  or  charmed 
snakes  to  pick  these  cards  for  their  clients. 

The  Chinese  "ouija"  board  has  ap- 
proximately 3,000  words  arranged  in 
eighteen  concentric  circles.  Three  oper- 
ators place  the  index  fingers  of  their 
hands  on  a  tiny  inverted  dish,  the  rim 


\VSr 


November,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Poge  9 


ART     AND     CULTURE 


of  which  has  a  mark  serving  as  an  in- 
dicator. Soon  the  dish  starts  to  move 
over  the  board  apparently  of  its  own 
accord,  and  the  operators  read  the  words 
indicated  as  they  go  along.  At  several 
recent  sittings  in  Chinatown  the  question 
was  asked  if  Japan  will  lose  the  war.  The 
answer  was  in  the  affirmative  in  each 
instance. 

The  equivalent  of  crystal  gazing  is 
found  in  houses  called  "Po  shik  men." 
They  are  for  women  consultants  only. 
After  prayers  and  rituals  the  consultant 
kneels  in  front  of  a  stone  which  is  sup- 
ported by  a  tri-pod,  and  gazes  upon  it 
until  imageries  appear.  In  this  way  wives 
can  find  out  what  their  husbands  are  do- 
ing and  learn  the  sex  of  their  forthcoming 
child. 

Spirit  writing  generally  takes  place  in 
a  temple  dedicated  to  Lo-shung  yong- 
koon  and  is  most  popular  with  the  men.  A 
pencil  of  peach  wood  is  attached  to  a 
T-shaped  arm  so  that  it  will  swing  freely 
over  a  bed  of  leveled  sand.  The  con- 
sultant makes  an  offering  to  Sow-yong 
tai-shen  and  then  proceeds  to  make  marks 
on  the  sand.  Soon  messages  will  appear 
and  husbands  can  find  out  what  their 
wives  are  doing  and  learn  the  sex  of 
their  forthcoming  child. 

The  geomancers  or  professors  of  Feng 
sui  (wind  and  water)  constitute  a  very 
prosperous  class.  For  a  fee  they  will  study 
the  contour  and  geographical  significance 
of  the  land  to  determine  its  influence  on 
the  inhabitants  or  on  the  spirit  of  those 
buried  there — for  unless  the  spirits  of 
one's  ancestors  are  contented  their  off- 
springs will  suffer.  Offsprings  whose  an- 
cestors are  happily  buried  will  prosper. 
Sometimes  a  place  could  be  improved 
by  the  erection  of  a  pagoda  on  a  suitable 
chosen  spot — and  western  artists  testify 
that  the  site  chosen  invariably  is  the  one 
spot  where  a  pagoda  would  lend  charm  to 
the  land.  The  present  site  of  the  Palace 
of  Legion  of  Honor  in  San  Francisco 
was  once  a  Chinese  cemetery.  A  Chinese 
feng  sui  sin  sang  had  picked  it  out  as 
the  ideal  spot  for  the  pacification  of  souls 
buried  far  from  home. 

Exorcists  are  usually  Taoist  or  Budd- 
hist priests  who  drive  out  evil  spirits  from 
afflicted  persons  or  haunted  houses.  This 
they  achieve  by  incantation  and  by  the 
writing  of  a  mystic  scroll  with  a  brush 
dipped  in  vermillion  ink.  Some  of  these 
charms  are  for  hanging  on  the  dwelling 
while  others  are  burned  and  the  ashes  tak- 
en in  water  by  the  afflicted.  There  are 
mystic  scrolls  for  every  need,  and  during 


Chingwah  Lee 


The  above  "Chinese  Ouija  Board"  is  taking  Chinatown  by  storm  in  recent  months  chiefly 
because  the  uncertainty  of  conditions  in  south  China  made  many  Chinatownians  anxious  to 
know  how  their  relatives  are  getting  along. 


the  Boxer  rebellion  charms  were  issued 
which  rendered  the  person  immune  to 
pain  and  to  bullet  or  knife  wounds.  Up 
till  twenty  years  ago  Chinatown  in  San 
Francisco  used  to  "ta  chiu"  once  a  year 
during  which  red-robed  nam-mo  lo  of- 
ficiate at  exorcismal  ceremonials.  These 
red-robed  priests  would  pacify  "hungry 
ghosts"  by  feeding  them  sacred  bread.  A 
sightseeing  American  suddenly  caught  a 
vision  of  his  departed  parents  receiving 
this  bread  from  the  priests,  and  since  that 
day  has  donated  heavily  to  the  Ta  Chiu 
fund  (Chinese  Digest,  March  27,  1936). 
There  are  some  who  believe  that  certain 
beautiful  females  are  the  materialization 
of  the  spirits  of  foxes,  boars,  or  other 
animals  and  that  these  go  around  seduc- 
ing earthly  males  in  order  to  receive  the 
warmth  necessary  for  their  illusory  ex- 
istence. Sometimes  children  will  result 
from  the  cohabitation,  and  if  these  off- 
springs chanced  to  belong  to  the  spirit 
world,  they  will  cast  no  shadow  in  the 
sun.  The  belief  in  these  spirits  may  be 


a  survival  of  the  worship  of  totemic 
animals. 

The  district  of  Nam-hai  in  Kwang- 
tung  used  to  contain  a  large  number  of 
women  called  Mi-foo  koo  who  brought 
death  to  men  by  incantations  and  black 
magic.  They  were  consulted  by  married 
women  who  desired  to  get  rid  of  their 
husbands.  These  witches  gathered  bones 
of  infants  from  cemeteries  and  caused  the 
young  souls  to  serve  them  in  their  evil 
mission.  The  mi-foo  cult  was  suppressed 
after  several  cases  came  to  the  public  at- 
tention. 

An  oppressed  man  desirous  of  avenging 
himself  upon  a  person  beyond  his  reach 
can  do  so  by  becoming  a  "sip  sing  kuei." 
He  repairs  each  night  for  seven  weeks  to 
a  cemetery  to  sleep  under  a  coffin  in  which 
a  corpse  is  contained.  During  this  period 
he  exists  on  water  and  rice  wafers  only. 
Soon  his  invisible  self  may  enter  the  man- 
sion of  his  enemy  to  destroy  him.  On  one 
occasion  a  sip  sing  kuei  floated  into  the 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


Page   10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


NEW  YORK  YOUTH  CLUBS 
ACTIVE  IN  WAR  RELIEF 

By  Sophia  Chu 

New  York  Correspondent 

A  great  number  of  the  Interclub  com- 
mittee recently  participated  in  a  street 
drive  for  relief  funds  for  the  American 
Bureau  of  Medical  Aid  to  China.  The 
drive  lasted  five  days  and  the  contribu- 
tions amounted  to  a  sizable  sum.  Now 
the  Committee  is  planning  for  a  Mam- 
moth Benefit  dance  to  be  held  sometime 
near  Christmas.  At  the  same  time  the 
Interclub  committee  is  also  planning  a 
reorganization. 

Another  important  street  drive  was 
supervised  by  the  General  Relief  Fund 
committee  of  Greater  New  York,  held 
on  Oct.  9  and  10.  Practically  every 
Chinese  woman  and  girl  turned  out  to 
help.  There  were  tots  of  eight  and  ten 
years  old  and  women  of  50.  One  partic- 
ularly warm-hearted  woman,  a  Mrs. 
Moy,  was  especially  successful  in  her 
campaign.  Though  sometimes  a  bit  vo- 
ciferous in  her  patriotic  fervor,  she  was 
nevertheless  able  to  take  in  over  $200 
in  her  collection  can,  all  by  herself, 
thereby  achieving  a  record.  This  drive 
was  climaxed  by  a  night  parade  on  the 
second  evening.  The  next  day  the  com- 
mitte  held  its  general  election  of  officers, 


and  practically  the  entire  old  board  of 
executives   were   re-elected. 

The  Jeune  Doc  club  held  its  fourth 
annual  Moon  festival  in  the  auditorium 
of  the  Church  of  All  Nations,  and 
netted  over  $300  which  went  for  war 
relief.  A  new  feature  was  introduced  at 
this  affair  which  other  youth  groups  may 
find  it  profitable  to  try  themselves.  This 
feature  was  the  "Open  House  Fiesta." 
The  guests  were  not  required  to  pay  for 
admission,  and  after  getting  in  they  were 
free  to  pay  whatever  amount  they  chose 
for  their  entertainment.  They  may  pay 
a  nickle  or  a  dime  for  food  or  drink, 
a  dime  per  couple  for  a  dance,  or  give 
whatever  they  want  to  for  a  game  of 
ping  pong,   etc. 

A  grand  raffle  was  conducted,  with 
a  beautiful  corkwood  picture  as  the  main 
prize.  This  was  won  by  James  Lee,  bet- 
ter known  here  as  jolly  "Mayor"  Shavey 
Lee.  The  consolation  prize  was  award- 
ed to  Ruby  Foo's  den.  The  only  com- 
plaint among  the  300  people  present  was 
that   the  floor  was   too   slippery. 

The  popular  Ging  Hawk  club,  with 
President  Victoria  Tom  at  its  head,  is 
busily  planning  their  annual  Thanks- 
giving dance — also  to  be  a  benefit  af- 
fair. This  will  be  the  next  big  social- 
benefit   among  the  youths  here. 


Chinese  Young  People's  Christian  Conference  Announces 

TAHOE  CONFERENCE  ASSOCIATION 

A  permanent  organization  formulated  to  promote  the  interest  of  the 
Tahoe  Conference  which  is  now  going  on  its  seventh  year  of  usefulness  to  our 
young  people  and  the  Chinese  communities  in  the  United  States. 

All  delegates  who  have  attended  Tahoe  Conference  for  one  or  more  years 
are  invited  to  join.  Membership  Fee  is  only  One  Dollar!  There  will  be  no  dues! 
The  Conference  deserves  your  support! 


TAHOE  CONFERENCE  ASSOCIATION 

Please  fill  and  return  with  membership  fee     ($1.00)   to 

DOROTHY  K.  FONG 

Secretary-Treasurer 

965  Clay  St.,  San  Francisco 

Name:    M 

Address :     

Church  or  Organization :   

Years   at   Conference:  1933,    '34,    '35,    '36,    '37,    '38 

Please  encircle. 


SACRAMENTO  CHINESE  ACTIVE 
IN  WAR  RELIEF  DURING 
PAST  YEAR 

By  Ruby  B.  Fong 
Sacramento  Correspondent 

Last  winter  several  benefit  programs, 
plays,  a  raffle,  and  a  bazaar  were  given 
by  various  oranizations  here  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  raising  funds  to  aid  suffer- 
ing refugees  in  China.  Each  of  these 
affairs  proved  very  successful  and  as  a 
result  thousands  of  American  dollars 
were  raised  and  sent  to  China.  But  since 
little  or  no  publicity  was  given  these 
activities  outside  of  Sacramento  at  the 
time,  few  people  knew  about  them,  and 
hence  the  belief  of  many  out  of  towners 
that  the  Chinese  colony  in  the  capital 
city  did  not  give  her  share  of  benefit 
programs.  Although  no  dances  were 
given  during  the  past  year  for  war  relief 
funds,  the  aforementioned  events  pro- 
vided opportunities  for  both  the  older 
folk  and  young  people  to  participate. 

The  success  of  these  affairs  was  due 
to  those  who  gave  freely  of  their  time 
and  effort,  and  to  merchants  and  stores 
which  donated  generously  of  prizes  and 
merchandise  for  sale.  Even  at  this  late 
date,  mention  should  be  made  of  the 
many  activities  which  have  taken  place. 
First  was  a  Christmas  bazaar  given  by 
the  Cheng-Sen  club  of  the  Y.W.C.A. 
With  Helen  Chan  as  president,  the  ba- 
zaar was  held  at  the  Chung  Wah  school. 

Second  was  a  Chinese  play  given  by 
the  Women's  club,  which  counted  in  its 
membership  practically  every  woman  in 
the  Chinese  community  here.  This  or- 
ganization was  formed  only  a  year  ago, 
and  Mrs.  Carl  Chan  was  its  first  presi- 
dent. Third  was  a  variety  program  pre- 
sented by  the  Chinese  Choral  club.  The 
program  consisted  of  a  Chinese  play,  a 
Floradora  number  in  native  costumes,  a 
dance  ensemble,  and  a  fashion  show.  The 
play  and  dance  numbers  were  written 
and  directed  by  Mabel  Tom. 

The  fourth  and  biggest  affair  was  the 
Chinese  opera  presented  last  June,  with 
actors  and  actresses  from  the  Mandarin 
theater  in  San  Francisco  Chinatown. 
These  professional  artists  played  before 
a  packed  house  of  approximately  3,000 
people,  with  hundreds  coming  from  near- 
by towns.  This  affair  was  sponsored  bv 
by  the  Tin  Sing  (Celestial)  Dramatic 
club,  an  old  organization  which  has  given 
many  Chinese  plays  for  the  community 
in  the  past.  This  club  has  a  predomi- 
nantly  male    membership. 


**»:•. 


November,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  11 


CHINATOWNIA 


A  WITNESS  BECOMES 
THE  ACCUSED 

San  Francisco — Not  long  ago  one 
Johnnie  Huey  was  arrested  in  Salt  Lake 
city  by  the  immigration  authorities  for 
having  failed  to  register  as  a  Chinese  la- 
borer in  1892.  (By  a  mandatory  act  of 
Congress  all  Chinese  who  had  arrived 
in  the  U.  S.  on  or  prior  to  1892  were 
required  to  register  or  be  treated  subse- 
quently as  aliens  illegally  in  the  U.  S. 
and  liable  for  deportation.) 

Johnnie  was  brought  to  San  Francisco 
for  hearing.  Chief  witness  for  the  de- 
fendant was  Gin  Huey,  79,  from  Stock- 
ton, who  testified  that  Johnie  was  a  native 
of  Oregon  and  that  he,  Gin  Huey,  had 
known  the  defendant's  parents  and  was 
present  when  Johnie's  birth  was  celebrat- 
ed. 

Then  Gin  Huey  was  asked  whether  he 
himself  had  registered  in  1892.  Gin  had 
come  to  this  country  as  an  alien  when 
he  was  still  a  lad. 

Gin  Huey  answered  that  when  the  or- 
der for  registration  came  a  kinsman  had 
attended  to  the  matter  for  him.  Then  he 
was  asked  that,  since  he  believed  he  had 
registered,  where  was  his  Certificate  of 
Residence?  (A  Certificate  of  Residence 
was  issued  to  each  Chinese  as  proof  of 
his  registration  in   1892.) 

Gin  said  he  did  not  know  where  his 
certificate  could  be  since  his  registration 
was  taken  care  of  by  his  kinsman.  Sus- 
picion gathered  in  the  minds  of  immigra- 
tion officials  that  perhaps  Gin  Huey,  too, 
was  illegally  in  the  country.  He  was  or- 
dered arrested  on  the  same  charge  as  his 
friend  Johnie  Huey.  It  seemed  that  a 
trick  of  fate  had  ensnared  Gin  Huey  in 
its  mesh. 

The  local  papers  reviewed  Gin's  his- 
tory. Since  this  Chinese  had  come  to 
America  when  he  was  only  a  boy,  then 
he  had  lived  three  quarters  of  a  century 
here.  It  was  found  that  he  had  always 
worked  hard  and  had  never  asked  for 
public  assistance.  Moreover,  he  had  never 
broken  any  law.  The  figure  of  an  old 
man  who  might  be  sent  back  to  a  country 
that  he  had  no  wish  to  return  to  simply 
because  he  could  not  produce  proof  that 
he  had  registered  in  1892  aligned  the 
public's  sympathy  on  Gin's  side.  The  S.F. 
News  came  out  with  a  long  editorial  which 
read  in  part: 

"Gin  Huey  can't  understand  why  he 
should  be  sent  back  to  China,  and  neither 
can  we. 

"Gin  Huey  has  lived  in  America  75 
of  his  nearly  80  years.  He  has  tried  to 


The  tennis  player  with  his  feet  off  the  ground  at  the  left  upper  corner  is  Ben  Chu,  winner 
of  the  men's  singles  in  the  recent  Pacific  Coast  Tennis  Tournament,  while  the  lass  at  the 
right  hand  corner  is  Henrietta  Jung,  winner  of  the  women's  singles. 

The  lower  picture  shows  how  the  Lambeth  walk  came  into  Chinatown  last  month  during  the 
Chitena  Award  dance.  Inset  shows  Emma  Wong  and  Conrod  Fong  at  the  climax  of  this  new 
and  popular  dance  novelty. 

be  a  good  United  States  citizen  and  has      terious  act  of  Congress  was  passed  and 

succeeded  by  all  the  commonly  accepted  ne  failed  t0  sign  a  PaPer- 

t    j      r    •„•    „  u-  "Now   look,  Uncle   Sam,   what's    the 

standards  or  citizenship.  <■  i    •           i       •  i         »     .    .      «fi 

sense  or  being  red-tapish  and  pig-headed 

"Yet  now  comes  Uncle  Sam  and  says  about  Gin  Huey?  There's  many  an  alien 

he  is  no  citizen  at  all  and  he  must  be  walking  free  in  this  country  who  might 

sent  back  to  China  because  of  one  little  better  be  sent  home  than  he.  He's  found 

technical  slip  years  ago  when  some  mys-  (Continued  on  p.  19) 


-V 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


FRESNO  GIVES 
"RICE  BOWL"  PARTY 

Fresno — A  pageantry  of  old  China  was 
enacted  here  last  month,  with  the  best  of 
local  Chinese  talents,  augmented  by 
many  entertainers  from  S.  F.  China- 
town, when  this  valley  city  held  its  two- 
day  Rice  Bowl  party  for  refugee  relief  in 
China. 

Fresno  and  its  vicinity  boasts  of  but 
1,500  Chinese  and  its  Chinatown  is  only 
a  small  one.  But  with  the  active  help  and 
support  of  scores  of  American  organiza- 
tions, they  were  able  to  give  a  party  which 
drew  out  fully  a  fifth  of  the  city's  fifty 
odd  thousand  population  and  netted  over 
$7,000  gold.  More  than  a  hundred  Fres- 
no veteran,  fraternal,  and  civic  organiza- 
tions took  part  in  the  preliminary  sale  of 
tickets,  with  the  Fresno  Junior  chamber 
of  commerce  undertaking  the  solicitation 
of  sponsorship  contributions  from  the 
city's  business  firms. 

The  party  started  with  a  night  parade 
in  which  scores  of  local  organizations  took 
part,  including  all  the  leading  Chinese 
groups  and  a  Chinese  drum  corps  from 
Hanford.  From  Sacramento's  China- 
town came  the  Chinese  dragon,  which 
took  60  men  to  handle.  San  Francisco 
Chinatown  contributed  the  Chinese  lion 


and  a  score  of  young  girls  who  danced 
and  sang.  Sun  Lang  Jow,  a  leading  actor 
of  S.  F.  Chinatown's  Mandarin  theater, 
donated  his  histrionic  services. 

Tulare  street  between  E  and  G  streets, 
center  of  Chinatown,  was  roped  off  for 
the  occasion.  Inside  the  ropes  the  Chi- 
nese stores,  cafes,  and  association  head- 
quarters were  thrown  open,  welcoming 
all.  Part  of  the  two  nights'  entertainment 
included  native  boxing,  operatic  singing, 
and  classical  dancing.  The  cafes  and  res- 
taurants were  thronged  with  patrons  each 
night  until  the  wee  sma'  hours,  while 
jollity  and  good  will  reigned  throughout. 
Those  who  were  asked  for  donations  or 
for  purchase  of  souvenir  buttons  did  so 
willingly.  One  American  laborer  gave  all 
the  money  he  had  in  his  pocket  at  the 
time,  keeping  only  fifty  cents  for  his 
evening  meal. 

On  the  last  night  a  dance  was  given  at 
the  spacious  Fresno  Memorial  auditori- 
um, with  Hon.  C.  C.  Huang,  consul-gen- 
eral at  the  San  Francisco  Chinese  con- 
sulate, and  Dr.  Margaret  Chung,  also 
of  San  Francisco,  as  guests  of  honor. 
There  were  an  equal  number  of  Ameri- 
cans and  young  Chinese  at  this  affair. 

General   chairman  of  this   Rice  Bowl 


party  was  David  Peckinpah,  while  other 

£S  C+S  G>fJ>  C^fsS  C~fJ>  C-fJ  (T-fJ>  CfJ>  C^fl  P*>9  C+J>  C+J  C+J>  C^♦JC^O<^^^C^^<^♦s^<^K^(^♦J)«^fJ><^^, 

|  $sti*Uf  the  A/eut  Sbeal  to.  CaUfjO^nia  £ 

1  V0TE  1 

\  DEMOCRATIC  I 


CULBERT  L 

OLSON 

Governor 

GEORGE  R. 

SHELLY 

State  Board  of 
Equalization 


SHERIDAN 

DOWNEY 

U.  S.  Senator 


ELLIS  E.  £ 

PATTERSON  I 

Lieutenant  Governor     £ 

I 

JOHN  F.  I 

REILLY  | 

Senator  2 


Z       Vote  for  official  Democratic  candidates  in  your  respective  districts       « 


OLD  TIME  SERVANT 
OF  SENATOR  PASSES  ON 

Oakland,  Calif. — Way  back  in  the 
eighties  a  young  Chinese  named  Lee 
Tang  Fong,  who  had  arrived  in  America 
but  a  short  time  before  in  search  of  a 
better  livelihood  than  was  vouchsafed  in 
China,  went  to  work  as  houseboy  and 
valet  at  the  home  of  Senator  Frank  J. 
Moffit  of  this  city.  The  Moffit  mansion 
was  located  at  18th  and  Filbert  streets. 

Lee  was  a  model  servant,  one  of  a  great 
number  of  old  time  Chinese  whose  hon- 
esty, loyalty  and  devotion  to  duty  have 
enshrined  themselves  in  the  memories  of 
many  old  California  families.  And  like 
them  Lee  eventually  came  to  be  more 
a  member  of  the  Moffit  family  than  a 
mere  servant. 

The  Chinese  youth  served  Senator 
Moffit  and  his  family  well,  so  well  in 
fact  that  he  himself  came  to  be  dubbed 
as  "Senator"  by  friends  and  neighbors. 
Lee  was  proud  of  the  sobriquet. 

After  being  in  the  family  for  over 
twenty  years  Lee  lost  his  employer  when 
Senator  Moffit  died  in  1904.  Soon  after 
one  and  another  of  the  Moffit  children 
left  the  home  until  finally  Lee  was  the 
only  person  left  in  the  mansion. 

Lee  could  have  gone  elsewhere  to  look 
for  a  job,  but  by  that  time  he  was  too 
attached  to  the  Moffit  home  to  think  of 
leaving  it.  So  by  arrangement  with  the 
heirs  he  was  allowed  to  live  there  as 
long  as  he  wanted,  acting  as  caretaker. 
Thus  the  years  passed  for  Lee  Tang 
Fong,  guardian  of  another  man's  home 
which  was  also  the  only  one  he  had  known 
since  leaving  China. 

Last  month  death  called  Lee  Tang 
Fong.  Friends  of  his  who  had  not  seen 
him  for  several  days  asked  police  to  look 
in  the  Moffit  mansion.  There  the  last 
and  longest  occupant  of  the  Moffit  home 
was  found  dead  in  his  bed,  death  being 
due  to  old  age.  Lee  was  at  least  eightv 
when  he  died. 

members  of  the  general  committee  in- 
cluded: Paul  Staniford,  Kenneth  Craw- 
ford, Mrs.  Guy  Manson,  Julius  B.  Niel- 
sen, Frank  Ennis,  C.  J.  Anderson,  Mrs. 
Allen  Mar,  Loren  H.  McFarland,  Mrs. 
Ball,  R.  W.  Potter,  Earle  G.  Granger, 
Louis  Slater,  James  Mayer,  Frank  Farrar, 
John  H.  Busick,  Rev.  Norman  B.  Hen- 
derson, D.  H.  Wong,  Frank  Lee,  S.  L. 
Chong,  and  S.  T.  Liu.— A.L..  W.H. 


I 


November,   1938 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


Firecrackers  .  .  . 

To  the  Editor: 

In  the  forthcoming  November  State 
election  will  be  a  proposition,  the  State 
Humane  Pound  act,  put  before  the  vot- 
ers for  approval  or  rejection.  This  is 
another  of  a  string  of  antivivisection  bills 
introduced  at  intervals  to  the  State  leg- 
islature or  in  state-wide  elections,  under 
the  guise  of  "preventing  cruelty  to  ani- 
mals," but  actually  an  attempt  to  curb 
scientific  research,  oppose  further  investi- 
gations into  new  fields,  and  prohibit  any 
more  opportunities  to  study  the  ills  of 
both  man  and  animals.  Thus,  the  real  pre- 
vention is  directed  towards  science  rather 
than  "cruelty." 

If  the  torture  tales  were  correct,  then 
every  one  who  is  connected  with  animal 
experimentation  is  a  liar  and  inhuman, 
including  every  university  president, 
medical  school  deans,  and  even  doctors. 
"Vivesection"  is  not  torture  and  any  ex- 
periments involving  cutting  are  done  un- 
der an  anaesthetic  and  under  conditions 
similar  to  those  in  human  operations,  so 
that  pain  is  felt  by  the  animals. 

Without  the  knowledge  which  has 
come  from  such  experimentation,  the  grim 
spectors  of  scores  of  diseases  would  still 
be  rampant.  Yellow  fever,  diphtheria, 
plague,  malaria,  and  typhoid  would  still 
continue  to  claim  a  large  toll  of  lives. 
Surgery  would  be  primitive  and  anaes- 
thesia inadequate  and  unduly  dangerous. 
Facts  of  the  functions  of  organs  and  of 
life  processes  would  not  have  been  gained, 
unless  animals  had  been  used.  Scientific 
knowledge  and  medical  discoveries  must 
be  obtained  through  the  arduous  and 
persevering  use  of  this  experimental 
method.  Its  opponents  would  abolish  this 
method,  which  has  been  and  still  prom- 
ises to  be  such  a  boon  to  mankind. 

Animals  themselves  have  also  benefit- 
ted tremendously  from  these  experimen- 
tations, which  have  discovered  the  cause, 
effect  and  treatment  of  diseases  peculiar 
to  them. 

The  public  has  and  must  continue  to 
manifest  confidence  in  the  sincerity  of 
purpose  and  humaneness  of  all  men  of 
scientific  endeavors.  Any  legislation  bar- 
ring the  progress  of  science  and  develop- 
ment of  public  welfare  should  not  pass. 
Therefore,  every  eligible  voter  is  strong- 
ly urged  to  cast  his  ballot  against  this 
proposition  at  the  coming  election,  so 
as  to  be  assured  in  the  future  that  maxi- 
mal benefit  can  still  be  expected  from  a 


Recently  arrived  from  China  on  the  Philippine  clipper  was  Lee  Ya-ching  (third  from  left  in 
picture)  girl  aviatrix  who  learned  her  flying  here  several  years  ago.  Miss  Lee  is 
here  on  a  special  mission  to  raise  funds  for  Red  Cross  work  in  war-torn  China.  A  few  of  the 
friends  who  greeted  her  ot  the  airport  are  seen  above.  They  are,  from  left  to  right,  Harry  Chin, 
instructor  at  the  Boeing  airport,  K.  L.  Kwong,  president.  Bank  of  Canton,  Lee  Ya-ching,  Hen- 
rietta Isaacson,  flyer,  and  Dr.  James  Hall,  local  physician. 


type  of  expert  advice  based  on  facts  which 
are  proven  accurate  by  experimentation 
and  observation.  Edwin  Owyang. 

(Editor's  Note:  The  writer  of  the  fore- 
going letter  is  a  graduate  medical  stu- 
dent at  the  University  of  California  and 
a  member  of  the  recently  organized  Med- 
ical Center  Chinese  association.) 

FONG  SEC 

DIES  IN  SHANGHAI 

Shanghai — Fong  F.  Sec,  editor,  out- 
standing Chinese  Rotarian,  University  of 
California  graduate  and  one  time  San 
Franciscan,  died  here  recently  after  a 
protracted  illness.  His  death  removed 
from  China  one  of  her  most  progressive 
minds  and  a  man  who  had  worked  for 
several  decades  in  the  building  of  a  new 
China. 

Fong  Sec  came  to  California  in  his 
youth  and  had  to  struggle  long  and  hard 
for  his  education,  finally  graduating  from 
the  University  of  California  in  1905. 
In  a  short  autobiography  he  wrote  for 
the  Liang  You  (Young  Companion) 
magazine  in  Shanghai  eight  years  ago, 
Fong  describes  some  of  his  experiences 


when  he  lived  in  San  Francisco  China- 
town during  the  period  when  the  Chinese 
were  no  longer  a  welcome  element  among 
the  Americans. 

Upon  returning  to  China,  Fong  Sec 
was  for  many  years  the  English  Editor 
for  the  Commercial  Press  in  Shanghai. 
However,  he  retired  from  this  work  long 
before  his  death.  Less  than  ten  years  ago 
Pomona  college  in  California  conferred 
upon  him  an  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws. 


CHINA  EMPORIUM 

"The  hub  of  Chinatown" 
CHINESE  ART  GOODS 

PORCELAIN  BAMBOO 

BRASS  WARES         GRASS  WARES 
RATTEN  CAMPHORWOOD 

CHEST 
733-35  Grant  Avenue 

San  Francisco     Phone  CH  2285 

When  in  Chinatown  visit  our  store 
and  showrooms.  OPEN  EVENINGS. 


Poge   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1938 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

H.  K.  Wong    


The  Bakersfield  Chinese  Student  club's 
Humanity  dance  will  be  held  on  Thurs- 
day, Nov.  10  at  the  Woman's  club.  Out- 
of-towners  are  expected  to  attend  this 
Refugee  Benefit  dance  which  falls  be- 
fore a  holiday.  Prexy  Delbert  Wong, 
Social  Chairman  Bessie  Sue,  and  Secre- 
tary Marcella  Yip  of  the  club,  are  hard 
at  work  to  make  this  dance  a  big  suc- 
cess. .  .  . 

Win  or  lose,  Chinese  students  of  Cali- 
fornia and  Stanford  will  celebrate  at  the 
Big  Game  dance  on  Nov.  19  at  the 
Native  Sons  audoritorium  on  Mason 
street.  The  Cathayans  will  play  for  this 
dance,  the  pinnacle  of  the  Bay  region 
football  season.  .  .  . 

The  Chinatown  Drum  corps'  Benefit 
dance  will  be  held  at  the  Y.W.C.A.  on 
Nov.  5.  F red  Mah's  orchestra  has  been 
engaged  to  play.  Incidentally,  this  or- 
chestra, augmented  by  some  new  mem- 
bers, Ed  Lee,  trombonist,  Gracine  Ding, 
pianist,  Henry  Tom  and  Bing  Kin  in  the 
brass  section,  is  in  search  of  new  musical 
talents,  namely  a  bass  fiddle  player, 
another  trombonist,  and  a  couple  of 
saxophonists.  Those  who  are  interested 
in  making  sweet  swing,  please  get  in 
touch  with  Mah.  .  .  .  Friends  of  Lee 
Ya-ching,  the  aviatrix,  followed  the 
progress  of  the  Philippine  Clipper  close- 
ly on  her  recent  trip  all  the  way  over 
from  China  by  amateur  short  wave,  so 
anxious  were  they  to  be  on  hand  to  greet 
the  famous  flyer.  She  made  the  front 
page  here  several  years  ago  when  her 
plane  forced  her  to  parachute  into  San 
Francisco  bay.  .  .  . 

In  lieu  of  door  passes,  dancers  at  the 
Sigma  Omicron  Pi  Lantern  dance  were 


stamped  with  the  sority's  Greek  let- 
ters. It  was  smooth  sailing  until  the 
intermission,  when  out  rushed  a  group 
of  well-dressed  boys.  The  gatekeeper 
(her  initials  are  F.  H.),  halted  them, 
and  said  they  should  be  stamped.  "No," 
chorused  the  group,  pointing  to  the 
flowers  in  their  lapels.  "We've  got  flow- 
ers. You  can't  miss  us!"  But  the  gate- 
keeper was  adamant.  She  stamped  her 
foot  and  insisted,  "Flower  or  not,  be 
stamped  or  you  can't  come  back  in!" 
She  let  them  in  plenty  fast  though  when 
she  found  out  they  were  members  of 
the  Cathayan  orchestra  who  were  play- 
ing for  the  dance!  !  .  . 

Lillie  Lum  and  Pearl  Fong,  consulting 
designers  for  several  well-known  down- 
town and  bay  region  stores,  recently 
opened  their  own  fashion  studio  here. 
Every  dress  and  gown  out  of  their  shop 
is  distinctly  styled.  .  .  .  Frank  Hong, 
brother  of  Kaye,  is  now  sales  supervisor 
of  one  of  San  Francisco's  largest  gas 
dispensaries  and  service  station.  .  .  .  Ben 
Lee,  typewriter  and  other  office  machine 
expert,  now  on  his  own,  is  operating  his 
sales  and  repair  shop  on  Jackson  street. 
.  .  .  Charming  Bertha  Jan  of  Los 
Angeles  couldn't  resist  the  urge  to  visit 
San  Francisco  at  least  once  a  year.  So, 
welcome  Bertha.  .  .  . 

While  the  youngsters  fretted  and 
waited  round  for  the  real  Halloween 
nite  to  come  (so  that  they  could  soap 
up  all  windows) ,  W ah  Yingers  and  their 
friends  had  a  merry  time  at  their  bene- 
fit Masquerade  ball.  Wah  Ying's  new 
club  house  is  on  Clay  street  opposite 
Portsmouth  square.  They  have  remodled 
and  refurnished  the   place   into   one   of 


4  NEW  CORRESPONDENTS 

We  are  happy  to  announce 
the  appointment  of  four  new  cor- 
respondents in  various  parts  of 
California  to  the  already  exten- 
sive list  of  CD  correspondents. 
The  names  of  these  new  corres- 
pondents and  the  cities  they  rep- 
resent are  as  follows: 

Ruby  B.  Fong  •_ Sacramento 

Maxwell  R.  Lee Chico 

May   Ko   Bakersfield 

Won  Loy  Chan  __  Special  Corres. 


the  cozier  spots.   ...  A  housewarming 
party  is  next  on  the  schedule.  .  .  . 

You  hear  the  Lambeth  Walk,  the 
latest  dance  craze  from  London,  on  the 
radio,  see  it  in  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines, and  on  the  stage.  Chitena  jumped 
the  gun  on  the  rest  of  the  field  in  Chi- 
natown by  introducing  and  teaching  the 
Walk  to  dance  fans  at  their  Award 
dance.  As  a  rule,  Chinese  dancers  are 
very  conservative  and  hesitate  going  in 
for  new  dances.  (It  took  Chinatown- 
ians  four  months  to  go  for  the  Big 
Apple,  and  six  months  to  even  like  the 
Shag.)  But  Chitena,  ever  on  the  alert 
for  something  new,  sent  its  scouts  up  to 
the  Sir  Francis  Drake,  the  Fairmont,  and 
other  big  hotels  to  learn  it  and  teach  it 
so  that  fans  could  do  it  the  same  time 
as  the  rest  of  America.  As  the  M.  C. 
of  the  evening  announced,  "It's  very 
easy.  If  you  can  walk,  yon  can  do  the 
Lambeth  Walk."  .  .  .  Dr.  James  Hall 
of  the  San  Francisco  lodge  of  the  Chi- 


Presenting  the  Cathayans 
The  popular  Cathayans  orchestra,  with  Edward  Quon  as  its  capable  manager,  has  been  doing  a  big  share  in  local  war  relief  work.  In  recent 
months  the  members  have  contributed  their  time  and  talent  to  every  important  benefit  dance  ond  rally  not  only  in  the  Bay  region  but  through- 
out the  larger  Chinatowns  in  the  state.  Members  of  the  orchestra  include:  David  Sum,  William  Chan,  Robert  Wong,  Kenneth  Lee,  Fred  Young, 
Winfred  Lee,  William  Wong,  William  Lee,  Fred  Wong,  Joseph  Sum,  Ted  Lee  and  Dudley  Lee.  Frances  Chung,  vocalist,  adds  the  feminine 
note  to  the  orchestra. 


V«r 


November,  1938 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  15 


ROAMING    'ROUND 

H.  K.  Wong    


nese-American  Citizens'  alliance,  which 
co-sponsored  the  Coast  Tennis  tourna- 
ment, presented  beautiful  gold  trophies 
and  medals  to  the  winners.  .  .  . 

Walter  Horn,  our  San  Wiego  CD 
correspondent,  is  very  ill  in  the  hospital. 
To  you,  Walter,  the  staff  sends  greet- 
ings and  best  wishes  for  a  speedy  re- 
covery. Kenneth  Jair  is  newshawking 
for  you  while  you  are  ill.  .  .  .  The  Chi- 
nese Youth  association  held  their  annual 
Moon  festival  at  the  Chinese  mission 
recently  with  songs  and  other  entertain- 
ment. CYA's  annual  Halloween  party 
was  a  rollicking  evening's  hay  ride  into 
the  back   country.   .  .   . 

After  winning  two  tennis  champion- 
ships, Ben  Chu's  legs  were  in  terrible 
shape.  He  suffered  attack  after  attack 
of  cramps  and  had  his  trainer  exhausted 
from  rubbing  him.  After  working  on 
him  for  over  an  hour,  the  fumes  of  the 
gallon  of  alcohol  intoxicated  him.  In 
the  end,  Chu  had  to  help  him  home. . . . 

Two  of  Courtland  hi's  sturdy  forward 
wall  are  Iring  Joe,  guard,  and  Eddie 
Chew,  shifty  end.  .  .  .  The  Sacramento 
Wah  Lung  Triangle  Girls  sponsors  the 
"Rhythm  Hour"  at  the  YWCA.  Dance 
enthusiasts  are  nocking  to  spend  instruc- 
tive and  enjoyable  hours.  .  .  .  To  Mr 
and  Mrs.  Ed  Chinn  of  Fresno  a  third 
bundle  of  joy  arrived  recently.  .  .  .  Se- 
attle's Young  Matrons'  club  gave  a  bene- 
fit fashion  show  and  dance  at  the  Chi- 
nese Community  hall  recently  in  Chi- 
nese costumes.  So  fascinated  was  the 
American  audience  that  they  had  to  put 
on  a  repeat  performance.  .  .  .  Mary 
Hong  was  in  Portland  on  a  case  for  the 
government.  .  .  .  Ruth  Fong  of  Santa 
Barbara  visited  Portland  friends.  .  .  . 
New  Yorkers  only  recently  learned  of 
the  marriage  of  Dorothy  Jung  of  Phila- 
delphia to  Henley  Wu,  but  that  didn't 
stop  them  from  sending  heartiest  con- 
gratulations to  the  couple  who  have 
made  their  h  o  m  e  in  New  York.  .  .  . 
Choken  and  Dolores  Wing  are  glad  to 
be  back  home  in  Philadelphia.  They 
vacationed  in  Vermont.  .  .  .  Norvel  and 
Mary  Lee  have  sold  their  restaurant  on 
the  U.  of  Pennsylvania  campus.  The 
boys  miss  their  good  foods,  but  Mary 
can  now  devote  more  time  trying  for 
that  200  score  in  bowling.  .  .  .  Arthur 
Wong,  honor  student,  is  doing  nipups 
because  his  pal  Ralph  from  New  York 
has  joined  him.  .  .  . 

Phoenix's  relief  benefit  affair  which 
netted  over  $5,000  was  a  gala  occasion. 


fir* 


7ta  Grant /tyerweH£z 


The  whole  city,  plus  visitors  from  Tuc- 
son, Chandler,  and  Coolidge  turned  out. 
Governor  Stanford  headed  the  list  of 
distinguished  speakers,  which  also  in- 
cluded Wing  Ong  and  George  Wah. 
Congrats  to  Mrs.  Lim  You  of  Tucson 
who  won  the  twelve  tube  radio  prize. . . . 

Ling  Kee  and  Hingk.ee  Chow  of 
Shanghai  are  now  attending  U.  of  Ari- 
zona. The  former  is  majoring  in  home 
economics  and  the  latter  in  mechanical 
engineering.  .  .  .  Recent  visitors  to  Cali- 
fornia are  Dan  Don  and  Jack  Wong. . . , 

One  of  the  ace  instructors  at  the  Boe- 
ing air  school  in  Oakland  is  Harry  Chin 
who  graduated  from  there  several  years 
ago.  He  is  assistant  designer  and  is 
highly  regarded  for  his  technical  aero- 
nautical  knowledge.    .  .   . 


Mainland  friends  of  Kee  Fun  Wong 
should  be  glad  to  hear  that  she  was 
married  recently  at  Honolulu  to  Edwin 
C.  H.  Lee.  Kee  Fun  attended  the  USC 
for  a  year  receiving  her  master's  at  Cal. 

Proud  parents  of  baby  daughters  are 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack  Ng  and  the  Willard 
Chus  of  Oakland. 

Flora  Wong,  formerly  of  Arizona, 
sends  her  personality  smile  over  the 
counter  at  a  local  ice  cream  bar  now. 
Her  sister,  Frances,  was  a  recent  San 
Francisco  visitor.  .  .  .  Chester  Look  com- 
mutes daily  to  Alameda,  where  he  has 
a  large  market.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James 
Loo  have  a  baby  boy,  Douglas,  now 
half  a  month  old.  The  Mrs.  is  the  for- 
(Continued  on  p.  19) 


1/au  can  Uasut  -     ball-room  —  stage  —  or  fancy 


DANCING 


IN  TEN  EASY  LESSONS 

PltBZiM     SCHOOL  OF  DANCING 


7  Lessons  for  $2.50 


or  15  One  hour  lessons  for  $12.50 
Guarantees  proficiency  in  Ten  lessons,  or  money  refunded 


1868   Geary   St. 
San  Francisco 


For   appointment   phone   Mr.   Younan 
Fillmore   7634 


m/ 


Page  16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


November,  1938 


SPORTS 


-By  Davisson  Lee- 


PACIFIC  COAST 
TENNIS  FINALS 

San  Francisco — It  was  Sunday,  Oct. 
19,  a  clear,  bright,  sunny  day,  typical  of 
San  Francisco.  A  better  day  for  the  finals 
could  not  have  been  chosen  by  the  spon- 
sors of  the  Pacific  Coast  Chinese  Tennis 
tournament,  the  S.  F.  lodge  of  the  C.A. 
C.A.  and  the  Chinese  Tennis  club.  A 
large  and  enthusiastic  crowd  witnessed 
the  matches  which  decided  just  who  will 
be  crowned  champions  in  1938.  The  win- 
ners: 

Men's  Singles:  Ben  Chu  defeated  Peter 
Gee,  5-7,  6-8,  6-3,  6-3,6-1. 

It  was  Ben  Chu,  the  Chinese  Don 
Budge,  master  of  all  strokes  against 
Peter  Gee,  the  well  known  "Retriever," 
a  veritable  stonewall.  The  first  two  sets 
were  very  close  and  hard  fought,  taken  by 
Gee,  '37  champion  and  winner  of  the 
spring  tournament.  Every  shot  and 
stroke  demonstrated  in  this  match  was 
of  the  highest  caliber.  Chu  had  the 
courage  and  will  to  come  back  and  took 
the  next  three  sets  in  a  story  book  finish. 
Gee  developed  a  cramp  in  the  final  set 
but  gamely  finished,  which  does  not  les- 
sen the  credit  to  Chu's  fighting  heart.  A 
match  worth  watching,  a  match  well 
played! 

Women's  Singles:  Henrietta  Jung  de- 
feated Hat  tie  Hall,  6-0,  6-1. 

The  little  southpaw  fulfilled  our  prom- 
ise when  we  prophesied  that  she  was  "go- 
ing places"  when  she  reached  the  finals 
last  spring.  Scores  are  deceiving,  but 
Miss  Jung's  steadiness  and  her  ability 
to  get  those  all  important  points  in  the 
long  drawn  out  duce  games  was  what 
defeated  the  veteran  Mrs.  Hall. 

Men's  Doubles:  Ben  Chu-Faye  Lowe 
defeated  York  Jue-Git  Jue,  7-5,  6-0,  4-6, 
6-2. 

Ben  and  Faye  are  the  only  champions 
to  repeat  in  any  division.  In  fact  they've 
held  that  coveted  doubles  title  three  times, 
ever  since  the  tournament  originated. 
Their  hard  smashes  and  drives  coupled 


Meet  l/ottsi 

QruettdL  at 

THE  CHINESE 

:  BOWLING  ALLEY: 

637  California  St.       Ch.  2457 

with  their  well  balanced  net  game  makes 
them  the  top  team. 

The  Jue  brothers  from  Berkeley  are  a 
peppery  duo,  tireless  and  with  a  razzle 
dazzle  shift  (yes,  even  in  tennis)  that 
made  this  match  one  of  the  most  spectac- 
ular one  of  the  day. 

Mixed  Doubles:  Peter  Gee-Jennie 
Chew  defeated  Ben  Chu-Waite  Ng,  5-7, 
7-5,  6-3. 

Ben  needed  this  one  to  make  a  "Grand 
Slam,"  something  heretofore  unknown 
in  the  history  of  Chinese  tennis.  But 
twelve  sets  of  the  highest  grade  of  tennis 
going  at  top  and  full  speed  was  too  much 
even  for  "Iron  Man"  Chu.  Assisted  by 
"Steady-as-a-rock"  Wake  Ng,  they  were 
but  one  set  removed  from  their  goal 
when  Chew's  well  placed  drives  and  Peter 
Gee's  sharp  angle  shots  at  net  proved 
too  much  for  them  to  cope  with. 

The  trophies  and  awards  were  present- 
ed at  the  Award  dance  the  same  night 
at  the  N.S.G.S.  hall. 


FISHING  DERBY 

San  Francisco — On  Oct.  16,  the  Sports- 
man club  held  its  Sixth  Annual  Stripe 
Bass  derby.  At  6  a.m.  a  special  ferry 
carried  220  odd  persons  to  five  chartered 
trains  which  brought  them  to  Mein's 
landing  where  the  contest  began.  The  re- 
turn trip  was  made  at  7:30  p.m.  with 
their  big  catches  and  bigger  fish  stories. 

All  in  all  there  were  35  fishing  prizes. 
The  first  five  were  won  by: 

1.  Winston  Boat  rod— 22 '/2  lbs.,  G.  Ha- 

bermauche 

2.  Winston  Light  rod— 15.15,  Fred  Wer- 

nert 

3.  26  piece  silverware — 7.15,  M.  McDon- 

ald 

4.  Capitol  250  yd.  reel — Monroe  Jung- 

claw 

5.  Weco  Light  tackle — Jack  Fong 

The   five  gate  prizes  were  taken  by: 

1.  China  Center   piece — Henry   Tom 

2.  Percolator  set — Ted  Jue 

3.  China  Tea  pot  and  Caddy — W.   A. 

Wilson 

4.  Pair  of  Chinese  vases — Harry  Chew 

5.  Quart  of  Gin — George  Mortoza 

A  dinner  at  the  New  Shanghai  cafe 
on  Oct.  26  was  held  to  present  the  prizes 
to  the  lucky  winners,  with  over  160  per- 
sons attending. 


Sports  Pickups 

By  Frank  Y.  Chan 

Kui  Kong  Young  knocked  out  Tommy 
Cobb  in  4  rounds  and  Little  Ceasar  in  44 
seconds. 

Henrietta  Jung  had  to  rally  38 
strokes  before  winning  the  final  point 
from  Jennie  Chew  in  the  semi-finals,  in 
the  recent  Coast  tournament. 

Lee  Yuen's  basketball  team  will  be 
big  and  fast  this  year,  with  speed  in  Hank 
Kan  and  Babe  Moy,  weight  in  Howard 
Joe,  Herbert  Tom,  Arthur  Yim  and  Lee 
Yuen. 

Twin  Dragon  will  probably  have  a 
team  to  defend  its  Wah  Ying  League 
championship. 

Players  fight  their  hardest  when  they 
are  playing  basketball  for  ice  cream. .  . . 
Ask  Carl  Fong;  he  knows. 

Peter  Gee,  besides  being  a  tennis 
champ  is  also  a  wizard  at  civil  service  test. 
He  got  fifth  place  in  a  test  taken  by  300 
people. 

Harding  Leong,  Mission's  fighting 
fullback,  is  rumored  being  sought  by  the 
University  of  San  Francisco.  .  . .  Hope  he 
lands  it. 

In  the  Duck  pin  world  George  Wong 
holds  top  honors  with  175,  followed  close- 
ly in  the  women's  division  by  Emily  Lau 
with  165. 

Best  comeback  in  the  recent  tennis 
tournament  was  by  Ben  Chu  when  he 
came  back  three  straight  sets  to  win  the 
singles  match  from  Peter  Gee  after  los- 
ing the  first  two. 

Tommy  Kim,  playing  football  for  San 
Francisco  State,  broke  his  foot  and  is 
going  around  on  crutches. 

San  Jose  will  have  a  basketball  team 
entered  in  the  coming  Wah  Ying  league. 

Gum  Horn  Wong,  formerly  of  the 
Oakland  Young  Chinese,  will  play  for 
San  Jose  basketball  team. 

Palo  Alto's  "Brother  Rats"  will  have 
a  strong  basketball  team  with  Tommy 
Jue,  Frank  Lee,  and  Ray  Chew  as  a 
nucleus. 

Bill  Got  came  back  from  his  hones- 
moon  to  bowl  a  216.  .  .  .  He  never  did 
that  before. 


San  Francisco — Died  last  month  here 
was  Robert  Mark,  41,  commander  of 
Cathy  Post  of  the  American  legion.  He 
was  accorded  a  military  funeral  at  the 
National  cemetery  in  the  Presidio.  Mark 
served  as  radio  operator  during  the 
World   war. 


x& 


.. 


November,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   17 


San  Francisco — Only  seven  members 
of  the  Chitena  club  receive  Club  awards 
for  playing  a  certain  percentage  of  their 
team's  inter-club  matches.  They  were  pre- 
sented at  the  Award  dance  and  the  play- 
ers who  received  them  for  valuable  serv- 
ices rendered  are:  Walter  Wong,  Willie 
Gee,  Henry  Low,  Davisson  Lee,  Earl 
Woo,  Mary  Chan,  and  Hattie  Hall. 


San  Diego — Bowling  in  the  Seventh 
Annual  Sun  tournament,  Creighton  Le- 
ong  annexed  the  gold  trophy  with  a  six 
game  total  of  1,113,  averaging  over  185 
per  game.  Leong,  manager  of  the  Chi- 
nese branch  of  the  Bank  of  America, 
also  took  the  smaller  trophy  for  the 
highest   qualifying  score. 


San  Francisco — The  Chinese  play- 
ground will  sponsor  a  touch  tackle  foot- 
ball league.  No  entrance  fee  will  be 
required.  For  further  information  see  Mr. 
Oliver  Chang  or  Mr.  Thomas  Yep. 


San  Francisco — The  Recreation  depart- 
ment will  sponsor  a  city-wide  basketball 
tournament,  from  80  pounds  to  unlim- 
ited. The  Chinese  playground  has  always 
been  well  represented.  This  is  the  first 
call,  so  all  those  interested  please  sign  up 
for  practice  with  Mr.  Chang  or  Mr.  Yep. 
Weighing  in  starts  Nov.  7. 


SPORTS 


Sports  Shorts 

San  Francisco — The  first  pay  game  on 
the  calendar  is  between  the  S.F.J.C  man- 
aged by  Harry  Louie  and  Lee  Yuen's 
Scouts.  Date  set  is  Nov.  4  at  the  Sal- 
vation Army  court. 

San  Francisco — A  Duck  Pin  shoot  was 
held  at  the  Chinese  Bowling  alley  recent- 
ly. The  prizes,  a  case  of  beer,  a  box  of 
potato  chips,  and  a  booby  prize  of  a  bag 
of  peanuts  went  to  the  lowest  scorer.  Jack 
Fong's  team,  consisting  of  Jack  Lowe,  Bill 
Hee,  Chauncey  Yip,  and  Red  and  Per- 
sia Louie,  emerged  victorious  over  a  team 
headed  by  Lanky  Hing,  Allen,  Bully  1 
and  2,  Wop  and  Murphy  Quan. 

Bakersfield — The  Chinese  Students 
club  has  a  touring  Basketball  team  which 
will  play  Fresno,  Stockton  and  Hanford 
in  the  near  future. 


By  Davisson  Lee 


The  Moon  Festival  in  Los  Angeles 
The  above  are  scenes  taken  at  the  Moon  festival  held  by  the  Chinese  colony  in  L.  A.  last 
month,  in  which  several  thousand  dollars  were  raised  for  war  relief.  Upper  left  picture  shows 
Barbara  Jean  Wong  playing  majorette  during  the  parade,  while  the  right  corner  scene  shows 
James  Z.  M.  Lee  giving  an  operatic  portrayal.  The  lower  scene  is  another  part  of  the  parade, 
showing  scores  of  girls  rowing  the  "dragon  boat."  The  photos   were   taken   by  Arthur  Fong. 


San  Francisco  —  Nam  Wah  defeated 
the  S.F.J.C.  in  a  practice  game  on  the 
night  courts  of  the  Chinese  playground. 
It  was  a  well  played  fray  with  the  final 
score  28  to  20. 


San  Francisco — The  Chinese  Tennis 
club  officially  closed  a  successful  season 
of  inter-club  matches,  with  11  victories 
and  4  defeats.  Having  played  some  of  the 
strongest  clubs  this  record  is  nothing  to 
be  sneezed  at. 


San  Diego — A  new  Chinese  basketball 
team  is  being  organized  to  take  the  place 
of  the  championship  team  of  1937  which 
defeated  all  of  its  opponents  in  the  city 
Y.M.C.A.  league. 


m/ 


Page  18 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


November,  1938 


CHINATOWNIA 


MILLIONAIRE  TUNG 
DIES  AT  45 

New  Orleans  —  Charles  Tung,  45, 
wealthy  Chinese  entreprenuer  with 
scores  of  interests  in  this  city,  died  last 
month  at  the  Touro  hospital  here  as 
the  result  of  a  stroke.  According  to 
Mrs.  Alma  Hascall,  noted  New  Orleans 
writer  and  friend  of  the  family,  he  was 
ill  for  but  two  days,  and  was  planning 
for  a  visit  to  San  Francisco's  Chinatown 
at  the  time  of  his  illness. 

Tung  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1911.  He  toiled  20  hours  a  day  over  a 
laundry  tub  for  $5  a  week  for  a  time. 
But  resolving  to  be  rich  and  influential 
he  saved  enough  money  to  go  to  New 
York  and  studied  the  latest  in  the  laun- 
dry industry.  Returning  to  New  Orleans 
he  inaugurated  a  modern  system  of  his 
own  and  soon  had  the  cream  of  the 
city's  laundry  business.  A  friend  of  the 
late  Huey  Long,  but  with  definite  liber- 
al views,  he  entered  politics  about  ten 
years   ago. 

A  generous  man,  he  contributed 
heavily  to  local  charities,  whether  for 
Chinese,  whites,  or  negroes.  Since  the 
Chinese  government  started  resisting  the 
Japanese  he  has  contributed  to  funds 
for  airplanes  and  refugee  aids.  On 
many  occasions  Tung  left  New  Orleans 
gasping  by  his  lavish  parties,  marked  by 
rare  wines,  New  York  entertainers,  and 
fireworks.  Last  year  when  he  gave  a 
birthday  party  to  his  son  he  rented  ball- 
rooms from  all  the  big  hotels  and  in- 
vited the  city's  notables.  He  also  tele- 
graphed the  Chinese  Digest  to  send  a 
speaker  to  his  party  by  plane  regardless 
of  expenses,  but  the  wire  did  not  reach 
San  Francisco  in  time  for  the  necessary 
arrangements  to  be  made. 

The  Community  Chest  this  year  will 
seek  to  raise  $2,100,000  between  Nov. 
16  and  Dec.  2. 


DR.  FRANK  YORK  LEE 

PHYSICIAN  and  SURGEON 
OSTEOPATH 

Takes   pleasure  to  announce  to   you   the 
opening   of   his   office   at 

817  South  Vermont  Avenue 

Los  Angeles,  California 

Day  and  Night  Phone  Fltzroy  6070 


CHINESE  IN  U.S./ 
CANADA,  AND  HAWAII 
GIVE  $40,000,000  IN 
EIGHT  MONTHS 

According  to  a  recent  issue  of 
the  Finance  Weekly,  published  by 
the  Central  Bank  of  China;  G$25,- 
000,000  ($75,000,000  Chinese) 
had  been  contributed  by  the  75,- 
000  Chinese  residents  in  the 
United  States  in  the  eight  months 
ending  July,  1938,  to  aid  then- 
country's  resistance  against  Japan. 

During  the  same  period  the 
30,000  Chinese  in  Canada  raised 
Canadian  $10,000,000  for  the  pur- 
chase of  Chinese  Liberty  Bonds, 
while  the  27,000  Chinese  in 
Hawaii  contributed  G$5,000,000 
or  Chinese  $15,000,000. 


i.__2 


OAKLAND  CHINESE 
FILL  CHEST  QUOTA 

Oakland,  Calif. — In  spite  of  over- 
whelming contributions  made  to  war  ref- 
ugee relief  in  China  and  the  necessity  of 
providing  for  kinsfolk  in  the  old  country 
who  are  now  in  dire  need,  the  Chinese 
colony  here  nevertheless  raised  their  quo- 
ta of  money  for  the  Oakland  Communi- 
ty Chest  this  year,  the  amount  totaling 
over  $800.  Their  promptness  in  doing 
their  duty  to  the  community  elicited  the 
following  appreciative  editorial  from  the 
Oakland  Tribune: 

"The  Chinese  division  in  the  Com- 
munity campaign  is  first  to  fill  its  quota. 

"In  the  past  when  the  Chinese  led 
the  field  in  promptness  to  subscribe  their 
share  of  the  welfare  program  of  this 
region,  there  were  many  merited  expres- 
sions of  appreciation  of  a  people  who  tra- 
ditionally do  their  part  and  without  waste 
of  time.  Today  such  compliments  are 
doubly  deserved,  for  the  Chinese  in  Oak- 
land have  been  making  sacrifices  to  aid 
friends,  relatives  and  others  in  the  old 
country  where  cities  have  been  bombed 
and  many  thousands  have  been  rendered 
homeless.  Despite  these  unusual  burdens 
they  are  ready  to  do  their  full  part  for 
the  program  in  the  city  in  which  they  live. 
They  have  set  a  fine  example." 

DR.  THEODORE  LEE  TO  HEAD 
CHEST  CHINESE  DIVISION 

San  Francisco — Dr.  Theodore  Lee, 
dentist,  has  been  designated  to  head  this 
year's  Chinatown  division  for  the  com- 
ing Community  Chest  campaign. 


AN  AMERICAN 
DOCTOR  SPEAKS 

Dr.  Harry  Talbot,  recently  returned 
from  China  where  he  served  with  the 
Chinese  Red  Cross  in  the  front,  impressed 
his  audience  at  a  meeting  sponsored  by 
the  American  Friends  of  China  on  Oct. 
19,  1938,  at  the  Chinese  Y.W.C.A.  with 
these  impregnable  facts: 

Relative  to  China,  "the  world's  great- 
est democracy  and  one  of  the  most  civi- 
lized of  nations,"  there  is  perfect  morale 
and  fighting  spirit  back  of  this  war  of 
resistance  which  he  terms  as  a  "bloody 
shame."  Her  immediate  needs  are  funds, 
doctors,  nurses,  trucks,  ambulances,  gas- 
oline, blankets,  and  more  funds. 

Relative  to  Japan's  position  in  China, 
she  is  barely  able  to  control  the  railway 
lines  in  her  seized  coastal  territory.  She 
hasn't  touched  the  interior.  Her  soldiers 
are  barbarous,  use  poison  gas,  and  are 
afraid  to  leave  their  garrisoned  towns 
for  any  length  of  time.  Japan  will  never 
conquer  China,  as  her  indiscriminate  air 
raids  have  aroused  an  intense  hatred  in 
the  Chinese  people  against  her. 

Relative  to  the  position  of  the  United 
States,  she  supplies  Japan  with  more  than 
half  of  her  war  materials  and  supplies; 
China  with  none.  It  was  Dr.  Talbot's 
unpleasant  duty  to  remove  American 
shrapnel  from  wounded  and  mutilated 
Chinese  soldiers  and  civilians. 

As  to  what  we  can  do  in  peaceful 
America  to  aid  China  in  her  valiant  stand 
against  fascism  in  order  to  preserve  de- 
mocracy— we  can  send  funds  to  the  Chi- 
nese Red  Cross,  care  of  Madame  Chiang, 
Chinese  Defense  League  with  head- 
quarters in  Hong  Kong — urge  our  Presi- 
dent to  exercise  his  power  in  giving  effect 
to  the  sentiments  of  the  great  American 
majority  by  placing  an  embargo  on  the 
export  to  Japan  of  arms,  ammunition, 
implements  of  war,  and  raw  materials  for 
war  purposes — and  ascertain  what  our 
congressional  nominees  will  do  for  this 
act,  before  Election  Day,  to  make  our 
government  of  the  people,  for  the  people, 
and  by  the  people  an  actuality. 

o 

NUI-BO  TANG  BECOMES 
MRS.  VICTOR  K.  KWONG 

Phoenix,  Ariz. — Nui-Bo  Tang,  for- 
merly of  San  Francisco  but  for  the 
past  two  years  with  the  National  Youth 
Administration  here,  recently  became  the 
bride  of  Victor  K.  Kwong.  The  marriage 
came  as  a  complete  surprise  to  friends  or 
both  the  bride  and  groom,  as  it  was  not 
announced. 


x& 


■■ 


November,  1938 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  19 


CHINATOWNIA 


CHINESE  IN  SALMON  INDUSTRY 

(Continued  from  p.  7) 
set  up  by  the  Cannery  workers,  Ship- 
weights,  I.L.W.U.  Talleymen,  Marine 
cooks  and  Stewards,  Marin  firemen,  Ma- 
rine engineers,  Master,  Mates,  and  Pi- 
lots of  the  C.I.O.,  the  Independent  Sail- 
or's union,  the  A.F.L.  Machinists,  and 
the  A.F.L.  Alaska  fishermen  who  have 
been  reported  to  be  taking  a  referendum 
on  C.I.O.  affiliation.  Regardless  of  race, 
creed,  nationality,  or  religion,  they  stand 
solidly  together  in  the  struggle  to  gain 
adequate  wages,  better  living  and  work- 
ing conditions,  such  as  more  wholesome 
food  and  modern  sanitation.  Their  mot- 
toes are  "an  injury  to  one  is  an  injury  to 
all,"  "united  we  stand,  divided  we  fall," 
"no  matter  what  the  color  of  his  skin,  a 
worker  is  a  worker." 

One  of  the  remaining  links  of  today 
and  yesterday  is  the  superstition  of  the 
Chinese  old-timers.  Due  to  the  intense 
hardships  endured,  death  among  the  Chi- 
nese and  workers  of  other  nationalities 
was  a  common  occurrence.  Cemeteries 
at  every  cannery  render  a  mute  tribute  to 
those  who  passed  away  in  the  bleak  north 
and  were  forgotten,  their  graves  bearing 
nothing  more  than  crude  wooden  crosses. 
Weird  and  eerie  tales  are  still  told,  not 
to  terrify  themselves,  but  as  living  proof 
of  the  unforgettable  past. 

In  the  C.I.O.  Alaska  Cannery  Work- 
ers union,  every  book  member  enjoys  the 
same  equal  rights  and  privileges.  Mexi- 
cans, Chinese,  Filipinos,  Japanese,  Ameri- 
cans, Negroes,  and  members  of  other 
races  and  nationalities  have  served  and 
are  serving  as  union  foremen  and  dele- 
gates in  the  canneries.  The  fact  that  Jap- 
anese hold  the  offices  of  vice  president  and 
recording  secretary  and  that  Chinese  are 
on  the  board  of  executives  and  board 
of  directors  proves  that  there  is  a  total 
absence  of  racial  discrimination  in  A.C. 
W.U.  Thus  it  contradicts  completely  the 
belief  of  wary  and  skeptical  old  time 
Chinese  and  the  claim  of  those  who  yell 
and  holler  for  the  "good  old  days" 
(when  any  unscrupulous  labor  contractor 
could  wax  fat  and  prosperous  at  the  ter- 
mination of  one  season) ,  that  such  preju- 
dice is  rampant  in  this  union. 

Incidentally,  the  A.C.W.U.,  which  is 
Local  5  of  the  United  Cannery,  Agri- 
cultural, Packing  and  Allied  Workers  of 
America,  C.I.O.,  early  this  year  spon- 
sored several  well-planned  and  well-at- 
tended benefit  socials  and  shows  to  aid 
civilian  war  in  China.  Several  hundred 
dollars  were  raised  at  these  affairs  and 


contributed  to  the  refugee  relief  agencies 
in  San  Francisco. 

The  A.C.W.U.  is  known  as  the  na- 
tion's most  progressive,  militant  and 
democratic  labor  organization  and  the 
Chinese  are  taking  an  active  part  in  its 
functions,  thus  doing  a  major  share  in 
creating  solidarity  between  workers  of 
all  races  and  nationalities  in  America. 

OCCULT  ARTS 

(Continued  from  p.  9) 
palace  of  a  wicked  official  in  the  form 
of  a  tiny  feather.  The  daughter  of  the 
official  was  sewing  on  the  porch  when 
she  saw  the  feather  floating  by.  Raising 
her  scissors  she  clipped  the  feather  in 
two.  Imagine  her  horror  in  beholding  a 
freshly  halved  corpse  dropping  from  out 
of  mid-air  at  her  feet!  Moral:  Avoid 
picking  an  enemy  whose  daughter  is  in 
the  habit  of  clipping   floating   feathers. 

MEDICAL  AID  FOR  CHINA 

(Continued  from  p.  5) 
ine  can  be  sent  to  the  places  where  it  is 
most  needed.  All  through  the  winter 
months  there  will  be  a  call  for  increasing 
supplies  of  this  best  known  treatment 
for  malaria,  the  dreaded  scourge  of  sol- 
dier and  civilian  alike.  Stocks  of  quinine 
in  central  China  are  already  sadly  de- 
pleted. Medicos  in  China  have  suggested 
the  slogan,  "Quinine  Will  Win  the  War." 


ROAMING  ROUND 

(Continued  from  p.  15) 
mer  Florence  Lee.  .  .  .  Eddy  Tong  and 
Mary  Chan  were  recently  married  at  San 
Anselmo,  but  will  make  their  home  in 
Richmond.  .  .  .  Andrew  Wong,  of  the 
Chinese  Skyroom  and  his  bride,  the  for- 
mer Doris  Louie,  are  honeymooning  in 
the  south.  .  . . 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phil  Chow  of  Bakers- 
field  had  a  baby  boy  right  on  papa's  own 
birthday!  .  .  .  Harold  Hee  of  Bakers- 
field  and  Alice  Chew  of  Menlo  Park 
married  recently,  and  Palo  Alto  friends 
feted  them  at  a  party  in  the  Palace 
Hotel  in  San  Francisco 

ALL  TOO  TRUE 

(Continued  from  p.5) 
telling.  The  photographic  lens,  however, 
does  not  lie,  and  pictures  once  taken  can- 
not become  exaggerated  with  the  show- 
ing. No,  these  things  are  all  too  true! 
There  may  still  be  some  skeptical  read- 
ers who  will  ask:  "With  the  Japanese  as 
watchful  as  they  are,  how  could  such  pic- 
tures be  taken?"  A  reasonable  question. 


The  answer  is  that  they  were  taken  under 
conditions  requiring  unusual  courage  and 
involving  great  personal  danger.  The  one 
who  took  these  pictures,  being  worn  out 
by  many  weeks  of  gruelling  relief  work, 
obtained  permission  from  the  Japanese  to 
leave  Nanking  and  return  to  America. 
When  he  came  he  managed  to  smuggle 
the  pictures  out  with  him. 

WITNESS  BECOMES  ACCUSED 

(Continued  from  p.  11) 
no  fault  with  the  country  of  his  adoption. 
Gin  Huey  loves  America,  which  is  more 
than  can  be  said  for  many  others  who 
enjoy  its  bounties  and  protection. 

"No,  Uncle  Sam,  throw  away  the  rule 
book  and  the  law  books  and  let  old  Gin 
Huey  stay  with  us!  At  most  he  has  only 
a  few  years  to  live  and  sending  him  back 
to  China  would  be  like  a  sentence  of 
death." 

The  Hon.  Franck  R.  Havenner,  con- 
gressman for  the  4th  District  in  this  city, 
also  interested  himself  in  this  case  at  the 
behalf  of  his  Chinese  constituents.  Upon 
making  representation  he  received  a  let- 
ter from  the  Immigration  and  Natural- 
ization Service  legal  division  which  in- 
formed him  that  "we  have  arranged  with 
U.  S.  Commissioner  E.  E.  Williams  to 
have  the  hearing  continued  for  ninety 
days  in  order  that  we  may  assist  Gin 
Huey  in  obtaining  the  necessary  proof 
of  his  long  residence  in  this  country.  At 
the  end  of  that  time  all  further  necessary 
steps  will  be  taken  to  insure  a  just  and 
human  solution  of  this  difficulty." 

WELLINGTON  KOO  JR.  ATTENDS 
FATHER'S  ALMA  MATER 

New  York — Twenty-three  years  ago 
V.  K.  Wellington  Koo,  China's  outstand- 
ing diplomat  abroad  and  present  Chinese 
Ambassador  to  France,  was  a  student  at 
Columbia  university  here.  He  made  his- 
tory there  not  only  by  his  brilliant  schol- 
astic record  but  also  by  being  for  a  time 
the  editor  of  the  Columbia  Daily  Spec- 
tator, a  distinction  never  before  won  by 
a  Chinese,  nor  since. 

This  fall  the  son  of  this  outstanding 
Columbia  graduate  entered  the  same  in- 
stitution as  his  father,  to  prepare  for  a 
diplomatic  career.  Recently  Koo  Jr.  was 
made  a  reporter  on  the  Spectator,  again 
following  in  his  father's  footsteps.  He 
wrote  his  first  story  on  the  financial  dif- 
ficulties being  faced  by  Chinese  students 
at  Columbia  during  the  present  Sino- 
Japanese  war.  The  story  appeared  under 
his  by-line,  a  distinction  never  before 
granted  to  a  freshman. 


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Vol.  V,  No.  I 


Page  2 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1939 


THE  CHINESE   DIGEST 
Vol.  5,  No.  1  January,  1939 

Published  Monthly  at  868  Washington  Street 

San  Francisco,  California  (CHina  2400) 

Per  year,  $1.00;   Per  copy,   10  cents 

All    articles    copyrighted.     For   reprints,   special    permission    must    be 

secured  in  writing. 

STAFF 

WILLIAM   HOY,   Editor 

CHINGWAH  LEE  Associate  Editor 

LIM  P.   LEE   Sociological   Data 

WALLACE  H.  FONG  Photographer 

H.    K.   WONG    Columnist 

DAVISSON     LEE     Sports 

CORRESPONDENTS  and   REPRESENTATIVES 

Bakcrsfield   Mamie  Lee,  May  Ko 

Chicago   Beatrice  Moy 

Chico    Maxwell   R.  Lee 

Fresno    Allen    Lew 

Hanford    Frank    Ko 

Hollywood   Frank  Tang 

Los  Angeles   Bernice  Louie 

New  York  Bing  Chan,  Sophia  Chu 

Philadelphia   Henry  C.  Jung 

Portland    Edgar    Lee 

Sacramento  Ruby  B.  Fong 

San  Diego Walter  N.  Horn 

Seottle,  Wash May  Sing 

Tucson,   Arizona   May  Tom 

Watsonville    Alice   Leong 

Palo  Alto    Won   Loy  Chan 

For  subscription   and   advertising   rates  call   CHina   2400 

FOUNDERS  and  PUBLISHERS 

THOMAS  W.   CHINN  CHINGWAH    LEE 

The  CHINESE  DIGEST  is  a  non-profit 
publication  devoted  to  the  interpretation  of  China 
and  Chinese  culture,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to 
the  dissemination  of  information,  data,  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  history,  life,  problems,  progress,  and 
activities  of  the  Chinese  in  America.  The  Chinese 
Digest  is  the  only  journal  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States. 


ZdifouaL 


CHINA  IS 

"BLEEDING  TO  DEATH" 

A  more  troubled  world  Father  Time 
has  not  seen  than  the  sight  which  greeted 
him  as  1939  opens  its  eyes.  And  there  is 
no  more  troubled  spot  in  this  year  of 
grace  than  the  terrain  of  China  where  the 
army  of  one  nation,  bent  on  military  con- 
quest at  any  price,  is  slaughtering,  with- 
out mercy  or  quarter  given  the  people  of 
another  nation  which  seeks  nothing  but 
peace.  This  inhuman  butchery  and  whole- 
sale massacre  is  termed  the  Sino-Japanese 
war,  though  there  has  been  no  declaration 
of  war  and  the  rules  governing  armed 
conflicts  between  nations  which  had  been 
set  up  by  international  agreement  have 
not  been  followed  by  the  army  that  is 
bent  on  conquest. 

As  the  new  year  opens,  this  undeclared 
war  between  Japan  and  China  has  been 
going  on  continuously  for  seventeen 
months.  What  is  the  situation  now  and 
what  is  the  augury  for  the  future?  Dr. 
Hu    Shih,    Chinese   Ambassador    to    the 


United  States  answered  these  questions 
pithily  last  month  in  a  speech  in  New 
York.  What  he  said  is  fitting  for  all  of 
us  to  bear  in  mind  at  this  time,  and  we 
shall  let  him  speak: 

"If  I  were  to  sum  up  in  one  sentence 
the  present  conditions  in  my  country,  I 
would  not  hesitate  to  say  that  China  is 
literally  bleeding  to  death. 

"We  have  been  fighting  for  more  than 
16  months  against  an  aggressor  which  is 
one  of  the  three  greatest  naval  powers, 
and  one  of  the  four  or  five  greatest  mil- 
itary powers  of  the  world.  We  have  suf- 
fered one  million  casualties,  including 
the  killed  and  the  wounded.  We  have 
vast  territories  being  occupied  by  the  in- 
vading amies.  We  have  lost  all  the  im- 
portant cities  on  the  coast  and  along  the 
Yangtse  River:  Peiping,  Tientsin,  Tsing- 
tao,  Tsinan,  Shanghai,  Hangchow,  Nan- 
king, Wuhu,  Kiukiang,  Amoy,  Canton, 
and  the  Wu-Han  cities.  Practically  all 
the  cities  that  are  generally  known  to 
the  outside  world  as  centers  of  commerce 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Editorials 2 

Far  East 3 

Jade  Box  5 

Chinese  Discoveries  and  Inventions  ...   6 

Almanac  for  39-ers 8 

Chinarownia 9-13 

Roaming  'Round 14 

Sports    16 

Index  for  1938 19 

PICTURES 

Composing  Room  of  Young  China  Daily  .    7 

Chinarownia  Goes  Picketing 1 1 

Rice  Bowl  Game 16 


and  industry,  of  education  and  modern 
culture,  of  transportation  and  communi- 
cation, are  now  either  devastated  or 
occupied  by  the  invaders.  Of  the  111 
universities  and  colleges,  more  than  two- 
thirds  have  been  either  destroyed,  oc- 
cupied, or  disabled;  and  the  very  few 
that  are  still  functioning  in  the  interior 
are  working  without  equipment  and 
under  constant  danger  of  air  raids.  And, 
in  addition  to  the  vast  number  of  casu- 
alties in  the  fighting  forces,  there  are 
now  60  million  civilian  sufferers  who  have 
been  driven  from  their  destroyed  homes, 
farms,  shops,  and  villages  and  who  are 
fleeing  the  invader  and  are  roving  the  coun- 
try without  shelter,  without  medxal  aid, 
and  in  most  cases  without  the  barest  means 
of  subsistence.  And  there  are  every  dav 
hundreds  of  innocent  non-combatants 
being  murdered  and  slaughtered  by  the 
bombers  of  the  Imperial  Army  of  Ja- 
pan. 

"And,  most  serious  of  all.  with  the  loss 
of  Canton  in  October,  China  is  now  en- 
tirely cut  off  from  all  access  to  the  mm. 
— that  is  from  all  access  to  fresh  sup- 
plies of  arms  and  munitions  from  abroad. 

"This  is  our  present  situation.  Have 
I  overstated  the  case  in  saving  that  China 
is  literally  bleeding  to  death? 

(Continued  on   p.    IS) 


■ 


January,  1939 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  3 


FAR     EAST 


Pat  "Tsu  Pan"  Sun 


(Dispatches  appearing  on  this  page 
come  from  authoritative  sources  in  China 
and  are  exclusive  with  the  Chinese  Di- 
gest.,) 

GENERALS  EXECUTED  FOR 
PRECIPITOUS  ACTIONS 

Chungking,  Dec.  1- — The  Japanese 
along  the  north  sector  of  the  Canton- 
Hankow  railway  have  been  driven  back 
towards  the  north  within  a  few  miles 
from  Yochow,  in  Yunnan  province.  The 
Japanese  naval  units  in  the  vicinity  of 
Yochow  have  also  sailed  away.  On  the 
Hupeh-Huan  highway,  the  Japanese  re- 
newed attacks  at  Kiuling  within  the  Hu- 
peh  border  on  the  evening  of  November 
19,  but  were  repulsed  with  300  casualties. 
There  is  no  new  development  in  central 
Hupeh  and  fighting  continued  in  the 
immediate  neighborhood  of  Canton. 

The  national  government  appropriated 
half  a  million  dollars  for  the  relief  of 
destitute  Changsha  residents.  The  Chang- 
sha  garrison  commander  Feng  Ti,  police 
chief  Wan  Chung-fu,  and  Col.  Hsu  Kun 
of  the  garrison  forces  were  recently  exe- 
cuted for  precipitous  action  in  setting 
fire  to  the  city.  The  three  pleaded  guilty, 
saying  they  were  the  victims  of  false  re- 
ports concerning  the  safety  of  Chang- 
sha. 


OPPOSING  ARMIES  FIGHT 
SEE-SAW  BATTLES 

Chungking,  Dec.  5 — In  central  China 
the  military  situation  remained  un- 
changed  in  the  past  week.  The  Japanese 
stood  still  in  the  south  of  Yochow,  north 
of  Hunnan,  and  in  the  east  of  Sui-hsien 
and  Kin-shan,  central  Hupeh;  while  in 
north  Kiangsi  the  opposing  forces  re- 
mained separated  by  the  Sui  river. 

In  south  China  hostilities  in  the  East 
and  West  districts  of  Kwangtung  pro- 
vince have  developed  into  seesaw  opera- 
tions with  neither  side  making  any  im- 
portant gain  in  the  last  few  days.  It  is 
estimated  that  the  Japanese  have  lost  two 
regiments  in  the  campaign  of  clearing 
the  Canton  and  Kowloon  railway  sector, 
but  large  numbers  of  Chinese  mobile  un- 
its still  remained  in  the  Pearl  river  delta 
and  threatened  Japanese  positions  along 
the  railway.  In  Kwangsi  province  Kwei- 
lin  was  again  severely  bombed  on  Nov. 
30.  Two  hundred  shops  and  houses  were 
destroyed,  171  civilians  were  killed  and 
wounded,  these  being  mostly  women  and 
children. 


15,000  JAPANESE  CASUALTIES 
IN  TWO  WEEKS 

Chungking,  Dec.  1 — Successful  Chi- 
nese attacks  featured  the  past  two  week's 
military  situation  on  both  the  central  and 
south  China  fronts.  In  central  China  the 
Japanese  were  pushed  back  to  Nan-tsin- 
kang,  four  kilometers  south  of  Yochow, 
their  withdrawal  in  the  face  of  Chinese 
frontal  and  flank  attacks  being  effected 
with  heavy  losses.  At  the  same  time  the 
Japanese  westward  push  from  Wuhan 
was  checked  east  of  Kin-shan  and  Sui- 
hsien.  The  Chinese  recaptured  Chao-shih 
on  the  Hankow-Ichang  highway,  driving 
back  the  Japanese  to  Yincheng. 

In  south  China  the  Chinese  fought 
back  to  the  vicinity  of  Canton  and  forced 
the  Japanese  to  remain  on  the  defensive. 
It  was  reported  that  the  latter's  forces  at 
Canton  had  been  reinforced  by  30,000 
troops  from  Amoy. 

In  north  China  severe  battles  raged  at 
both  extremities  of  the  Shansi  railway, 
particularly  in  the  Ning-wu-shen-chih  sec- 
tor inside  the  Great  Wall.  The  aim  of  the 
Japanese  was  to  drive  the  Chinese  units 
further  away  from  the  railways  and  to 
consolidate  the  communcation  lines  in 
Shansi  preparatory  to  a  contemplated 
drive  into  China's  northwest.  But  taking 
advantage  of  the  favorable  defense  condi- 
tions in  that  province  the  Chinese  offered 
stubborn  resistance,  and  it  was  estimated 
that  5,000  Japanese  had  been  killed  and 
10,000  wounded  in  the  past  fortnight. 

LULL  ON 
MANY  FRONTS 

Chungking,  Dec.  7 — A  temporary  lull 
prevailed  on  all  fronts  except  Canton.  The 
Japanese  with  naval  support  occupied 
Kongmoon,  southwest  of  Canton.  Indica- 
tions showed  that  they  may  attempt  to 
take  Hoshan  and  Kaiping.  Their  object 
seemed  to  be  to  aim  at  outflanking  the 
Chinese  at  Kaoyao.  The  Japanese  frontal 


JAP  PLANES  RAID 
KWEI-LIN  TWICE 
IN  THREE  DAYS 

Changking,  Dec.  3 — Five  thousand 
civilians  were  killed  and  wounded  in 
Kweilin,  Kwangsi  province,  yesterday 
noon  as  a  result  of  Japanese  air  bomb- 
ing— the  second  disastrous  raid  in  three 
days.  This  city  is  700  kilometers  from  the 
nearest  battle  front,  and  its  normal  pop- 
ulation has  been  greatly  increased  in  re- 
cent months  due  to  influx  of  refugees. 

Twenty-one  Japanese  planes  partici- 
pated in  yesterday's  raid,  dropping  about 
70  bombs  in  the  business  and  residential 
districts.  Incendiaries  caused  many  fires, 
thus  hamperiing  relief  work.  A  report  of 
the  arrival  of  a  Japanese  aircraft  carrier 
off  Waichow  island  aroused  the  popula- 
tion's fear  of  further  indiscriminate 
Japanese  bombing  of  Kwangsi  towns. 


CHINESE  RECAPTURE 
SOUTH  AND  CENTRAL 
CHINA  TOWNS 

Chungking,  Dec.  13 — Following  fresh 
offensives  in  Kwangtung  province,  Chi- 
nese troops  recaptured  Poklo,  which  had 
twice  fallen  into  Japanese  hands.  The  lat- 
ter withdrew  to  Lofaoshan  and  Tsengt- 
sing.  In  the  West  river  region  the  Chi- 
nese also  regained  considerable  ground. 
Hoshan,  Kulao,  Saping  and  south  of 
Samshui  were  cleared  of  Japanese  troops. 

On  the  Wuchang-Changsha  highway 
the  Chinese  further  recovered  Maanshan 
and  Shihtanpei  following  a  severe  battle 
yesterday. 

attacks  from  Samshui  were  repulsed, 
while  north  of  Canton  the  Chinese,  after 
retaking  Tsunghua,  advanced  to  Taiping- 
chang  20  kilometers  southward.  The  Japa- 
nese counter-attacked  at  Taipingchang 
yesterday  but  were  beaten  back. 


In  the  outskirts  of  San  Jose,  less  than  50  miles  south  of  San  Francisco,  there 
stands  a  Chinese  temple  dedicated  to  several  deities.  This  temple  is 
the  only  outstanding  Chinese  building  remaining  of  what  was  once  a  flourish- 
ing Chinatown  in  this  city. 

Once  frequented  by  worshippers,  the  temple  todoy  is  practically  abandoned, 
and  only  casual  visitors  mount  its  narrow  stairs  to  the  altar  on  its  top  floor. 
But  nevertheless  a  faithful  Celestial  keeps  watch  over  it,  an  80-year-old 
worthy  who  has  spent  over  half  a  century  in  this  old  town.  He  was  caught 
by  the  lens  of  Digest  photographer  Wallace  Fong  as  he  was  going  into  the  temple 
not  long  ago. 

The  legend  on  the  wooden  signs  on  both  sides  of  the  temple  door  indicated 
they  were  donated  by  members  of  the  Sam  Yup  clan  in  the  15th  year  of  Kwang 
Hsu,  or  1899.  But  the  temple  was  built  way  back  in  the  seventies. 


Poge  4 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,  1939 


FAR     EAST 


(leffUcttoHA.  0*1  Gantoti 


There  is  mourning  in  the  South  be- 
cause Canton  has  fallen.  There  is  a  double 
cause  of  grief,  because  the  loss  of  the  city 
is  a  heavy  blow  to  the  nation  that  is  fight- 
ing in  defence  of  its  very  life,  and  be- 
cause the  city  was  Canton,  that  meant 
so  much  to  all  who  knew  it.  As  an  incident 
in  the  war  the  fall  of  the  city,  and  the 
events  that  led  up  to  it,  are  a  grievous 
loss  to  the  strength  of  China,  and  to  all 
who  inhabit  Kwangtung,  and  to  all  who 
regard  South  China  as  their  home,  the 
destruction  of  the  ancient  city  will  be  felt 
also  as  a  personal  loss.  A  landmark  has 
been  set  in  their  lives,  a  painful  land- 
mark, like  a  death  in  the  family,  and 
their  world  will  now  never  be  quite  the 
same  again.  Another  Canton  will  replace 
the  city  that  has  gone,  but  it  will  be  dif- 
ferent; an  era  has  ended  with  the  passing 
of  the  old  capital. 

Some  cities  are  nothing  more  than  cen- 
tres of  trade  and  administration,  but 
others  have  a  character,  almost  a  person- 
ality, of  their  own.  Among  the  latter 
Canton  was  unique.  It  meant  more  to  the 
province  than  most  capitals  mean  to  their 
countries;  it  reigned  like  a  queen  over 
Kwangtung,  and  the  most  individual  of 
all  the  provinces  of  China  took  its  in- 
spiration from  its  capital.  The  relation 
of  Canton  to  the  people  of  the  province 
was  a  remarkable  one.  It  would  be  hard 
to  find  anywhere  else  thirty-six  million 
people  who  looked  so  much  to  one  city 
for  guidance,  or  were  reflected  so  exactly 
by  it.  All  the  characteristics  of  the  Can- 
tonese, the  people  of  the  province,  were 
epitomised  in  it.  The  very  name  of  the 
citv  was  the  foreigner's  effort  to  say 
"Kwangtung."  and  in  everything  there 
were  parallels  between  the  people  and 
the  city.  To  the  rest  of  the  world  the 
Cantonese  people  have  always  been  some- 
thing of  a  mystery,  for  they  combined 
qualities  that  seemed  contradictory.  As 
business  people  they  are  unrivalled,  yet 
they  are  artists,  and  the  merchant  who 
retires  with  a  fortune  made  from  driving 
hard  bargains  will  give  his  native  town  a 
garden  and  will  set  on  the  hillside  a  kiosk 
that  is  as  delicate  as  a  sonnet.  In  political 
affairs  they  are  accused  of  waywardness, 
yet  the  most  inspiring  movements  of  mod- 
ern China  had  their  origin  among  them. 
Selfish  they  are  sometimes  called,  yet 
never  were  monuments  better  deserved 
than  those  of  the  heroes  that  circled  one 
whole-angle -of  Canton  Theireooks-mani -~ 


pulate  flavours  with  a  skill  that  testifies 
to  centuries  of  appreciation,  yet  for  en- 
durance and  the  capacity  to  bear  hard- 
ships the  soldiers  and  people  of  Kwang- 
tung have  no  rivals,  unless  they  be  their 
neighbours  of  the  other  Kwang. 

One  could  go  on  long  enumerating  the 
puzzling  qualities  of  the  Cantonese  people 
that  have  won  them  such  praise  and  such 
condemnation  from  their  friends  and 
their  foes.  They  have  in  turn  been  de- 
spised and  feared  by  the  rest  of  China; 
praised  as  its  saviours  and  blamed  as 
traitors — yet  in  all  that  has  made  for  the 
greatness  of  China  in  our  day,  and  in  all 
that  has  brought  its  name  in  honour  to 
the  ends  of  the  earth,  they  have  had  a 
leading  part.  To  walk  through  Canton 
was  to  see  spread  out  before  one's  eyes 
the  mystery  of  this  people.  It  was  not 
a  beautiful  city,  but  its  Memorial  Hall  to 
Dr.  Sun  Yat  Sen  was  one  of  the  most 
wonderfully  beautiful  buildings  of  mod- 
ern times,  and  in  its  five-storied  pagodas 
there  were  paintings  that  it  was  worth 
crossing  the  world  to  see.  There  were  un- 
used tramway  tracks  and  incompleted 
buildings  that  told  of  influences  at  work 
that  were  unworthy  of  a  great  city,  but 
there  was  also  that  dazzling  conception 
of  the  Shungshan  University,  an  area  of 
five  square  miles  devoted  to  learning,  and 
planned  with  a  lavish  confidence  in  the 
future  that  was  an  inspiration  to  the  na- 
tion. There  was  the  poverty  of  the  boat 
life,  and  the  incredible  skill  of  the  ivory 
carvers  and  the  workers  in  jade;  there  were 
the  city  offices  in  which  past  and  present 
met  and  forged  beauty  and  utility  into 
one,  and  there  were  the  milling  hundreds 
of  rickshaw  coolies  haggard  and  pitiable 
— there  were  all  the  thousand  contradic- 
tions and  the  thousands  memories  of  Can- 
ton, and.  whatever  man  may  say  of  it, 
those  who  knew  it  will  declare  that  with 
all  its  faults  they  loved  it  still.  (From 
"The  Rock"  Hongkong  Monthly) 
o 

It  is  against  the  will  of  God  to  eat 
delicate  food  hastily,  to  pass  gorgeous 
views  hurriedly,  to  exoress  deep  senti- 
ments superficially,  to  pass  a  beautiful 
day  steeped  in  food  and  drinks  and  to 
enjoy  your  wealth  steeped  in  luxuries. — 
Chang  Ch'ao. 

A  dog  is  not  considered  a  good  dog 
because  he  is  a  good  barker.  A  man  is 
not  considered  a  good  man  beause  he  is 
-*  good  "talker. — Chuang  Tzu. 


TWENTY  AMBULANCES 
SENT  BY 
OVERSEAS  CHINESE 

A  score  of  ambulances  have  been  do- 
nated to  the  National  Red  Cross  of  Chi- 
na in  recent  months  by  various  Chinese 
and  foreign  organizations  in  the  United 
States,  the  Philippines  and  the  South 
Seas. 

The  American  Bureau  for  Medical  Aid 
to  China  in  New  York  donated  six  trucks, 
fully  equipped  with  modem  accessories. 
The  second  largest  donor  was  the  Phil- 
ippine Chinese  Relief  Association  of  Ma- 
nilla, which  sent  four  cars,  and  a  like 
number  was  given  by  the  Burma  Chinese 
Red  Cross  Fund  Society  at  Rangoon. 
Three  were  donated  by  the  United  Chi- 
nese Association  of  Boston,  while  the 
United  Korean  Society  to  Aid  China 
(New  York),  the  Tan  Wei-song  family 
at  Batavia,  and  the  Chinese  residents  of 
Sumatra  each  gave  one. 

o 

CZECHOSLOVAKIA   SENDS 
MEDICAL  AID 
TO  CHINA 

Not  long  ago  a  group  of  Czechoslovak 
friends  of  China  in  Praha  (Prague) 
formed  a  society  called  "The  Aid  of  the 
Civilian  Victims  of  the  War  in  the  Far 
East."  And  one  of  the  first  things  this 
organization  did  was  to  send  a  shipment 
of  much  needed  medical  supplies  to  Chi- 
na. 

Contributed  by  the  Czechoslovak  peo- 
ple and  presented  to  the  Chinese  Red 
Cross  Society  the  articles  of  medical  aid 
comprised  ether,  chloroform,  serums,  vac- 
cines, chirurgical  equipment,  catgut,  liga- 
tures, and  other  pharmaceutical  products. 
Thev  were  valued  at  50.000  Czechoslovak 
crowns,  or  U  S.  #1750.  The  shipment 
consisted  of  26  carefullv  packed  cases. 

In  a  letter  to  the  Hongkong  office  of 
the  Chinese  Red  Cross,  the  Praha  so- 
ciety said:  ".  .  .  We  feel  sure  that  even 
our  delayed  and  moderate  shipment  will 
help  you  in  vour  wonderful  work  and  we 
trust  that  the  two  or  three  shipments 
which  we  will  graduallv  send  to  vour 
hands  will  prove  to  you  and  to  the  Chi- 
nese nation  that  even  such  a  small  coun- 
try as  Czechoslovakia  svmpathizes  with 
the  Chinese  Republic  and  does  the  beu 
which  is  possible  in  her  own  difficult  sit- 
uation. .  .  ." 


Man  passes  through  this  sublunary  life 
as  a  sunbeam  passes  a  crack — here  one 
moment,  gone  the  next. — Chuang  Tzu. 


January,  1939 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  5 


THE    JADE    BOX 


THE  MOBILIZATION 
OF  CHINA'S  WOMEN 

By  Madame  Chiang  Kai-Shek 

China  is  now  expanding  her  work, 
under  the  Woman's  Department  of  the 
New  Life  Movement,  in  some  definite 
directions,  her  latest  effort  being  to  mobi- 
lize woman  in  the  rear  of  the  fighting 
lines.  To  this  end,  she  has  organized 
teams,  each  comprising  ten  girl  workers, 
who  have  been  trained  in  the  principles  of 
New  Life  and  the  mobilization  of  woman 
for  war-time  duties.  The  training  of  the 
people  in  the  villages  includes  first  aid, 
and  care  and  consideration  for  soldiers, 
whether  going  to  the  front  or  returning 
wounded.  These  girls  are  imbued  with  the 
spirit  of  New  Life  and  desire  to  be  of 
Service  whenever  and  wherever  they  can. 

The  teams,  when  sent  into  the  villages, 
only  remain  for  a  period  of  a  few  weeks, 
after  which  they  move  on  to  new  fields. 
Their  principle  is  to  teach  the  people  to 
carry  on  for  themselves  by  showing  them, 
through  word  and  deed,  all  the  things  that 
the  team  itself  has  set  out  to  do  for  them. 
The  people  are  taught  the  meaning  and 
the  spirit  of  service;  and  they  are  given 
practical  training  which  will  provide  them 
the  knowledge  and  the  opportunity  to 
serve. 

Further,  these  teams  diligently  adhere 
to  a  second  basic  principle  of  New  Life, 
that  is,  never  to  start  new  organizations 
when  those  already  in  existence  will  serve 
the  purpose.  Only  when  established  or- 
ganizations are  they  readjusted,  other- 
wise existing  organizations  are  never  inter- 
fered with,  [sic]  Such  local  organiza- 
tions already  functioning  in  the  villages, 
such  as  the  Tangpu,  the  churches  and  the 
schools,  can  very  well  serve  the  purpose 
of  New  Life,  by  being  the  medium 
through  which  our  visiting  teams  can  or- 
ganize service  units  consisting  of  local 
people  who  will  carry  on  and  extend  the 
work. 

Each  member  of  these  teams  is  paid 
but  $20  a  month.  This  amount  merely 
covers  living  expenses.  The  members  ac- 
tually live  New  Life  and  demonstrate 
what  New  Life  means  in  improved  ways 
of  living  without  a  substantial  increase  in 
income.  They  cook  their  own  food,  clean 
their  own  living  quarters,  wash  their  own 
clothes,  and  keep  themsleves  and  their 
surroundings  in  a  healthy  and  sanitary 
condition  at  all  times.  They  live  simply 
and  democratically.  They  live  to  serve. 

One  of  our  teams  assigned  to  Hwang 
Pi  Hsien,  a  district  on  the  border  of  the 


Lady  P'ing  Yu — 

fighting  front,  will  serve  as  an  example  of 
what  our  New  Life  teams  are  doing  and 
accomplishing.  Upon  arrival  in  Hwang 
Pi  Hsieh,  the  girls  visited  the  magistrate 
to  see  if  there  were  anything  they  could 
do  to  help  him.  He  replied  that  there  Were 
three  problems  which  he  was  finding  it 
very  difficult  to  solve.  The  first  was  to  get 
labour  to  repair  the  highway;  second,  to 
get  transport  carriers  for  the  army;  and 
third,  to  get  the  necessary  number  of  con- 
scripts to  join  the  army.  The  magistrate, 
of  course,  could  only  use  his  official  power 
to  have  these  things  carried  out. 

The  girls,  however,  went  on  and  used 
their  own  method  of  explanation  and 
persuasion  among  the  woman  of  the  com- 
munity. They  have  pointed  out  to  the 
local  women  that  it  was  necessary  to  have 
the  roads  repaired  since  a  well-kept  road 
meant  rapid  transportation  of  troops  and 
munitions  to  the  front.  Every  woman, 
for  the  sake  of  her  own  protection,  as  well 
as  for  patriotic  reasons,  therefore,  should 
do  her  best  to  persuade  her  menfolk  to 
keep  the  highway  in  good  condition.  To 
overcome  the  magistrate's  second  difficul- 
ty, the  girls  explained  to  the  local  women 
that  since  the  army  was  devoting  its 
whole  strength  to  defending  the  districts, 
it  had  no  spare  men  to  work  in  the  supply 
train,  therefore,  the  women  should  en- 
courage their  menfolk  to  help  the  army 
secure  load  carriers.  The  girls  also  paint- 
ed in  glowing  terms  the  new  conception 
of  the  status  of  the  Chinese  soldier.  The 
whole  nation,  and  even  foreign  nations, 
they  pointed  out,  now  respect  and  ad- 
mire the  Chinese  soldier  for  his  bravery 
and  his  ability  to  fight,  and  the  high  re- 
gard in  which  the  family  of  the  soldier 
is  now  held:  it  has  truly  become  an  honour 
to  fight  for  China  and  an  honour  to  be 
related  to  a  soldier. 

These  persuasive  arguments  won  over 
the  local  people  and  helped  to  solve  the 
magistrate's  problems  to  a  very  consid- 
erable degree. 

For  their  living  quarters  while  in 
Hwang  Pi  Hsien  the  magistrate  gave 
the  team  permission  to  use  one  of  the  com- 
pounds belonging  to  a  fairly  well-to-do 
family  who  had  left  the  village.  The  girls 
decided  that  here  was  a  chance  to  demon- 
strate New  Life  to  the  full.  They  would 
show  the  local  population  what  living 
New  Life  meant.  Though  the  girls  them- 
selves live  New  Life  every  day  it  has 
been  something  new  to  this  village  to  see 
the  permises  inside  and  outside  kept 
scrupulously  clean,  the  courts  well  swept 
and  everything  in  good  order. 


The  villagers  were  further  astonished 
to  see  that  the  girls  themselves  did  all  tk 
work  since  they  could  easily  have  got  some 
local  women  to  do  the  cooking,  cleaning, 
etc'.  Their  simple,  democratic  way  of  liv- 
ing, arid  of  thus  demonstrating  New  Life, 
has  attracted  much  attention.  However, 
they  do  not  use  the  ordinary  methods  of 
propaganda  to  acquaint  the  local  people 
with  their  ideas.  They  have  made  house- 
to-house  calls  inviting  the  local  women  to 
come  to  their  quarters  for  simple  meetings, 
to  discuss  local  and  national  affairs  over  a 
cup  of  tea,  and  to  become  their  friends. 

When  the  girls'  service  team  learned 
that  there  was  a  local  Tangpu,  and,  also, 
a  local  church  and  a  school,  the  latter  no 
longer  operative,  it  started  to  strengthen 
these  organizations  from  within,  and,  in 
accordance  with  the  principles  of  New 
Life,  the  team  founded  no  new  organiza- 
tions. They  refused  a  request  of  the  local 
populace  to  start  a  school  as  their  job  was 
to  train  the  people  to  carry  on  for  them- 
selves, and  not  to  do  school  teaching.  In 
this  instance,  they  found  capable  local 
people  and  suceeded  in  helping  them  to 
re-start  the  local  school,  which  had  been 
closed  for  fear  of  bombing. 

While  in  this  particular  district,  the  girls 
heard  that  Kwangsi  soldiers  were  arriv- 
ing that  evening  on  their  way  to  the  front. 
Soldiers  had  been  coming  and  going  for 
months,  and  nobody  in  the  town  had 
taken  any  notice  of  them  except  a  few 
restaurant  owners  and  small  shop-keepers, 
who  stocked  the  things  that  might  be 
sold  to  passing  troops.  Naturally,  they 
would  want  to  eat  something  savoury 
and  nourishing  after  the  long  day's  march 
and  the  officers  would  perhaps  enjoy  a 
restful  chat  and  a  smoke  around  the  table 
of  the  town's  best  eating  house.  The 
troops  might  purchase  pork  and  green 
leafy  vegetables  to  go  with  their  army 
provision  of  rice  and  flour.  Flashlight 
batteries  and  bulbs,  sandals,  shoes,  writing 
paper  and  envelopes,  would  all  be  in  de- 
mand. Our  girls  were  amazed  that  apart 
from  this  economic  interest,  not  a  soul  was 
stirred  by  the  fact  that  some  of  the  na- 
tion's young  men  were  marching  to  de- 
fend home  and  country.  Not  a  soul,  ex- 
cept this  group  of  young  women.  Dressed 
like  student  nurses,  they  took  their  pen- 
nants, on  which  were  inscribed  in  large 
characters  the  name  of  their  team,  and 
with  sorigs  and  smiles  swung  down  the 
dusty  road  to  welcome  the  marching  men. 
The  packs  of  the  soldiers  felt  a  little 
lighter  as  they  stepped  through  the  city 

(Continued  on  p.  18) 


"WW 


Fagt  6 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


January,  1939 


ART     AND     CULTURE 

Chingwah  Lee  


CHINESE  DISCOVERIES 
AND  INVENTIONS 

Nos.  8 1-85:  Journalism.  China  had  the 
first  newspaper,  including  the  extras,  the 
tabloids,  the  morning  and  evening  edi- 
tion, the  digest,  and  the  press  bureau. 

It  is  not  surprising  that  China,  the 
home  of  printing,  paper-making,  and 
ink-making,  should  have  the  first  news- 
paper, and  until  the  fall  of  the  Manchus 
in  1911,  the  oldest  existing  newspaper  in 
the  world.  Long  before  the  appearance  of 
the  newspaper,  when  China,  like  most 
other  countries,  was  dependent  on  bards, 
towncriers,  and  gossips  for  her  news,  she 
had  developed  a  "Press  Bureau"  with 
mechanisms  for  news-gathering  and  news 
dissemination. 

During  the  early  part  of  the  Chou 
dynasty  (B.  C.  1122-255)  it  was  cus- 
tomary for  the  Emperor  to  send  out  of- 
fically  designated  reporters  twice  a  year 
to  gather  information  and  material  for 
the  enlightenment  and  entertainment  of 
the  court.  Once  each  spring  the  court  dis- 
patched yu  jen  or  postmen  to  gather  in- 
formation on  the  state  of  the  nation,  re- 
porting all  civil  disorders,  riots,  floods, 
famines,  and  other  unusual  conditions. 
Again  on  the  eighth  moon,  Autumn, 
when  the  people  were  enjoying  the  fruits 
of  harvest  by  celebrating  in  the  fields 
(generally  promiscuously)  the  court 
would  send  out  musicians,  poets,  philolo- 
gists and  other  reporters  to  gather  choice 
specimens  of  songs,  ditties,  poems,  and 
collogues  for  reproduction  before  the 
court. 

A  collection  of  odes  and  poems  of  the 
time  became  the  Shu  King,  one  of  the 
five  classics  of  ancient  China.  For  cen- 
turies scholars  have  assumed  that  these 
represent  disguised  political  philosophies 
and  satiric  criticism  against  the  govern- 
ment and  had  tried  to  read  meanings  into 
them,  while  modern  scholars  claim  that 
they  are  merely  delightful  folksongs  of 
springtime  and  harvest  time  and  of  love 
and  lovers'  quarrels.  It  is  perfectly  pos- 
sible to  entertain  both  views — the  voice 
of  the  people  could  be  raspy  or  syrupy  on 
occasions. 

The  semi-annual  reports  to  the  court 
are  generally  preserved  in  writing  by 
scribes  on  textile  or  bamboo  or  wooden 
strips,  and  these  soon  came  to  be  known 
as  the  Spring  and  Autumn  Records,  or 
simply  the  Spring  and  Autumn  (Ch'un 
Ctiiu).  As  time  went  on  they  were  no 
longer  semi-annual  journals  but  a  run- 
ning account  of  important  events.  The 


Spring  and  Autumn  Annals  of  the  State 
of  Lu,  as  written  by  Confucius,  is  the  on- 
ly surviving  record  of  the  city-state  where 
he  was  born.  There  are  Ch-un  Ch'ius 
from  all  the  other  numerous  city-states, 
and  the  writings  of  Mo-tze  offer  a  telling 
proof: 

"The  jrhost  of  Chuang  tze-yi  hit  Duke 
Chien  of  Yen  with  a  wand  and  this  was 
observed  by  his  followers  and  the  multi- 
tude. This  was  recorded  in  the  Ch'un 
Ch'iu  of  the  State  of  Yen.  Chu-tze  killed 
Kuan  Ku  on  the  altar;  this  was  observed 
by  many  and  was  recorded  in  the  Ch-un 
Ch'iu  of  the  State  of  Sung.  Chung  li- 
hsiao  was  killed  by  a  goat  on  the  altar; 
there  are  no  one  who  have  not  seen  it  or 
heard  about  it;  it  was  recorded  in  the 
Ch'un  Ch'iu  of  the  State  of  Ch'i." 

Since  the  Spring  and  Autumn  is  mere- 
ly a  journalistic  account  of  the  time,  then 
why  was  Confucious  so  proud  of  this 
work?  The  Ch'un  Ch'iu  is  practically 
the  only  work  which  we  can  safely  say 
was  written  completely  by  him,  and  he 
himself  once  said:  "Those  who  sympa- 
thize with  my  ideas  and  those  who  hate 
me  are  readers  of  my  Spring  and  Au- 
tumn." I  believe  it  is  because  he  inno- 
vated the  idea  of  editorializing  as  he 
writes,  using  the  journal  to  praise  the 
worthy  and  condemn  the  unlawful.  It 
should  be  noted  that  the  Ch'un  Ch'iu 
was  written  with  an  extremely  terse,  con- 
cise style,  very  much  like  our  modern 
headlines.  By  the  use  of  choice  adjectives 
and  verbs  Confucius  was  able  to  boldly 
expose  the  sins  of  tyrants  or  tell  naughty 
lovers  to  "stop  beating  around  the  mul- 
berry bush"  (the  mulberry  orchards 
were  favorite  rendezvous  of  Chou  dy- 
nasty lovers) .  He  let  the  nobles  know 
that  their  good  or  bad  deeds  will  forever 
be  recorded  in  history.  Hence  subsequent 
writers  stated  that  Confucius'  Spring  and 
Autumn  disturbed  the  officials  and  ter- 
rorized the  sinners. 

Early  Attempts 

The  first  newspaper  must  have  been  a 
form  of  newsletter  on  state  matters  writ- 
ten somewhat  like  the  Spring  and  Au- 
tumn and  issued  whenever  sufficient  news 
justified  its  appearance.  The  earliest 
mention  of  a  periodical  is  to  be  found 
in  the  statute  of  the  Early  Han  dynas- 
ty, the  Ti  Pao.  The  word  ti  means  "of- 
ficial residence"  or  mansion  for  the  princ- 
es, dukes,  generals,  or  other  accredited 
representatives  to  the  capital.  The  word 
pao  means  report.  A  bureau  attached  to 
this  official  residence  was  charged  with  re- 
ceiving as  well  as  dispatching  news. 


Was  this  news  carried  to  the  provinces 
by  the  visiting  representatives  themselves? 
Since  the  time  of  Chin  Shih  Huang-ti, 
an  elaborate  courier  system  with  relay  sta- 
tions on  the  imperial  highway  every  ten 
to  thirty  li  apart  had  been  maintained, 
with  food  and  fresh  riders  and  mounts. 
So  its  is  quite  likely  that  the  representa- 
tives merely  sent  their  news  back  through 
couriers. 

By  the  time  of  the  Tang  dynasty,  the 
Press  bureau  became  a  well-established 
national  bureau  and  was  known  as  the 
Chin  Tsou  Yuan  or  Bureau  of  Official 
Reports.  The  earliest  newspaper  extant 
is  said  to  be  the  Kai  Yuan  Tsa  Pao,  a 
crudely  printed  periodical  of  the  Kai 
Yuan  period  (713-741  A.  D.)  of  the 
Tang  dynasty.  There  are  seven  sheets 
to  this  partiular  copy,  folded  "accordion" 
fashion,  with  thirteen  lines  to  a  page  and 
fifteen  words  to  a  line.  At  this  time 
there  were  several  other  types  of  paper, 
the  Ch'ao  Pao  or  Morning  Paper,  the 
Pien  Pao  or  Border  News,  and  the  Yi 
Pao  or  Courier  Post. 

During  the  succeeding  Sung  dynasty 
(906-959  A.  D.) ,  the  Ti  Pao  were  printed 
from  moveable  type  instead  of  wood 
blocks.  Artistically  the  newspapers  were 
at  their  best.  At  this  time  the  tabloids 
or  hsiao  pao  (small  newspapers)  were 
in  great  demand  on  the  part  of  the  general 
reading  public.  Reporters  connected  with 
the  courts,  the  provinces,  and  the  yamens 
would  smuggle  "scoops"  for  the  tabloids, 
beating  the  official  press  by  days.  An- 
ticipated events  and  prognostications  were 
published  as  news,  and  scandals  were  at- 
tractively exaggerated.  There  were  loud 
demands  for  their  censorship  on  the  part 
of  the  officials. 

By  the  time  of  the  Ming  dynasty 
(1368-1643  A.  D.),  the  official  press  was 
again  limited  largely  to  the  printing  of 
state  matters.  The  Bureau  of  Official 
Reports  was  re-named  the  T'ung  Cheng 
Ssu  or  Ministry  of  Political  Communi- 
cation, thus  emphasing  the  governmental 
nature  of  the  bureau.  This  was  a  period 
of  extreme  nationalism,  and  strenuous 
efforts  were  made  by  a  few  of  the  earlier 
rulers  to  purge  the  country  of  Mongolian 
influences,  reorganize  the  country,  and 
rebuild  the  capital  at  Peking. 

The  King  Pao 

The  Ch'ing  dynastv  was  merely  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  Ming  dvnastv.  What 
was  called  the  Peking  Gazette  was  the 
King  Pao  or  Metropolitan  Reporter.  The 
paper  had  a  yellow  colored  cover  and  con- 


x& 


January,  1939 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Pag«  7 


ART     AND     CULTURE 

Chingwah  Lee  


tained  about  forty  pages,  held  together 
loose-leaf  fashion  by  a  paper  twine.  It 
was  six  Chinese  inches  long  by  three 
inches  wide.  There  was  an  abridged  or 
extra  edition  which  came  out  shortly  after 
the  bulletin  was  up.  The  daily  unabridged 
edition  did  not  come  out  till  the  evening 
and  was  for  the  governors  and  high  offi- 
cials. A  half-sized  Digest  which  came 
out  once  every  two  days  was  for  the 
minor  officials. 

The  Gazette  was  divided  into  three 
sections:  The  Kung  Men  Chao  or  Palace 
Gate  consisted  of  court  circulars  announc- 
ing promotions,  impeachment,  rewards  or 
degradations,  movements  of  officials  from 
one  post  to  another,  etc.  The  second  sec- 
tion was  called  Shang  Yu  or  Imperial 
Decrees  and  included  addresses,  decrees, 
and  other  public  utterances  by  the  Em- 
peror. The  third  section  was  called  Tsou 
Che  and  contained  memorials  to  the 
throne,  reports  on  public  projects,  con- 
dition of  the  country,  military  affairs, 
answers  to  documents  on  the  part  of 
officials,  etc.  During  the  period  of  Kuang 
Hsu  (1875-1908  A.  D.)  another  section, 
the  Yu  Tsou  Li  Tsun  was  added.  No 
editorial  comments  are  to  be  found  in 
the  Gazette  except  what  was  implied  in 
the  decrees  and  acts. 

The  Gazette  was  compiled  by  the  Su- 
preme Council  of  the  Empire.  Early 
each  morning,  ample  extracts  from  the 
affairs  of  the  state  as  decided  upon  by  the 
ministers  or  examined  by  the  Emperor 
the  evening  before,  were  fixed  upon  a 
bulletin  board  in  the  court  of  the  Palace. 
A  collection  of  these  extracts  formed  the 
annals  of  the  government  and  hence  the 
materials  from  which  the  history  of  the 
Empire  was  drawn.  These  materials  were 
faithfully  preserved  by  the  appointed 
court  annalists,  and  many  were  known 
to  have  faced  death  rather  than  to  alter 
a  single  word  to  please  an  emperor. 

The  Gazette  was  simply  the  entire 
content  of  the  daily  Bulletin  Board  care- 
fully reproduced  in  printed  forms.  This 
was  done  by  various  methods,  the  quickest 
and  the  crudest  being  that  of  having  the 
words  carved  out  of  an  especially  prepared 
clay  tablet  and  baking  this  before  a  char- 
coal fire  to  harden.  This  was  called  the 
"soy  cake  method"  and  was  for  the  extra 
edition.  The  better,  unabridged  evening 
editions  were  prepared  from  woodblocks. 
The  Gazette  was  dispatched  to  the  four 
corners  of  the  Empire  by  couriers  through 
relays  at  governmental  expense.  It  took 
a  week  to  reach  Mukden,  twenty-two  days 
to  reach  Canton,  and  as  much  as  a  hun- 


Compositor  and  typesetter  doing  their  daily  chores  in  the  composing  room  of  the  Young  China 
Daily  newspaper  in  San  Francisco's  Chinatown. 


dred  and  fifty  days  to  reach  the  less  ac- 
cessible corners  of  the  Empire. 
Other  Periodicals 

At  each  provincial  capital,  copies  were 
reprinted  without  any  alteration.  Should 
the  publisher  in  his  re-issue  add  or  take 
away  from  the  original,  he  was  liable  to 
a  punishment  of  one  hundred  blows  and 
to  a  banishment  of  three  years  from  the 
pale  of  Chinese  civilization.  The  Peking 
Gazette  was  generally  read  and  discussed 
by  educated  people  in  the  cities;  this 
tended  to  keep  them  more  acquainted 
with  the  characters  and  proceedings  of 
their  rulers  than  ever  the  Romans  were 
of  their  sovereigns  and  senate.  In  the 
provinces  thousands  of  persons  found  em- 
ployment by  abridging  the  Gazette  for 
readers  who  could  not  afford  to  purchase 
the  complete  edition.  (S.  Wells  Will- 
iams) . 

There  were  several  publications  issued 
toward  the  end  of  the  Ch'ing  dynasty — 
the  Nei  Ko  Kuan  Pao  or  Cabinet  News, 
the  Cheng  Chih  Kuan  Pao  or  Political 
News,  etc.  When  the  Republic  of  China 
was  established  most  of  these  periodicals 
changed  the  word  kuan  ("Mandarin") 
to  kiin*  ("public"),  as  for  example,  the 
Chen  Fu  Kung  Pao  or  Governmental 
News. 

In  each  provincial  capital  a  court  cir- 
cular, the  Yuan  Men  Chao  was  also  pub- 
lished daily,  containing  reports  on  local 
matters  and  giving  the  names  of  visitors, 
official  and  non-official,  who  had  called 
at  the  viceroy's  palace  on  the  preceding 
day.  It  also  announced  the  birthday  of 
the  members  of  the  Imperial  family,  and 
of  the  local  officials  of  high  rank.    Pro- 


vincial Kuan  Paos  were  also  changed  to 
Kung  Pao  after  the  Revolution  of  1911. 

Tabloids  and  newsletters  figured  greatly 
in  Ch'ing  dynasty  journalism.  They  were 
altogether  unreliable  as  a  source  for  news. 
The  successive  defeats  of  the  Manchu 
army  by  the  Europeans  were  altered  to 
sound  as  so  many  victories.  It  was  the 
tabloids  which  distorted  the  worth  of 
Western  civilization  and  stirred  up  racial 
riots  against  the  admittedly  uncouth,  im- 
perialistic nineteenth  century  European 
adventurers. 

Placards  should  not  be  omitted  in  any 
study  of  Chinese  journalism.  There  are 
placards  for  advertisements  (which  were 
barred  from  the  Gazette) ,  for  religious 
expressions,  such  as  exhortation  to  do 
good  deeds,  and  for  airing  the  grievances 
of  all  sorts.  Oppressive  officials,  unfair 
neighbors,  quack  doctors  and  racketeering 
merchants  often  found  their  names  posted 
in  the  market  places  alongside  a  long  list 
of  complaints  against  them.  The  govern- 
ment was  also  often  critized  by  annony- 
mous  writers  who  hinted  at  a  town  strike 
if  certain  abuses  were  not  stopped.  Pla- 
cards of  grievances,  called  "pak.  cheung 
hung"  were  not  unknown  in  Chinatown 
here  a  generation  ago. 

Journalism  under  Western  influence 
began  in  1815  when  the  Chinese  Monthly 
Magazine  was  published  under  Protestant 
Christian  and  Cantonese  auspices.  The 
Universal  Gazette  following  in  1828  was 
the  first  of  the  moderns  to  be  printed 
from  movable  types,  Both  were  publish- 
ed in  Malacca,  but  were  directed  toward 
Chinese  readers  of  south  China. 
(Continued  on  p.  18) 


P«g«  8 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,  1939 


REVIEWS    AND    COMMENTS 

William  Hoy     


Almanac  jf*  y39&*A,   Witk  GUutete,  ^nimntinxfl 


For  the  benefit  and  enlightenment  of 
San  Franciscans  and  for  those  ten  mil- 
lion visitors — chamber  of  commerce  sta- 
tistics— who  will  come  to  the  Exposition 
next  year,  the  local  Federal  Writers'  Pro- 
ject of  the  Works  Progress  administra- 
tion has  lately  come  out  with  an  inter- 
esting and  meaty  little  almanac.  It  is 
pocket-size,  paper  bound,  has  126  pages, 
and  sells  for  "four  bits,"  using  a  term 
that  was  coined  in  the  west.  (For  the 
information  of  our  Eastern  readers,  four 
bits  is  fifty  cents.)  The  title  of  this 
booklet  is  "Almanac  for  Thirty-Niners." 

Like  all  almanacs,  this  one  contains 
a  hodgepodge  of  miscellaneous  informa- 
tion, mainly  historical,  about  San  Fran- 
cisco, past  and  present.  Also  a  calendar 
of  events  throughout  the  city  and  at  the 
Exposition,  as  well  as  several  favorite 
recipes  of  the  different  nationalities 
which  make  up  cosmopolitan  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

But  what  interests  this  reviewer,  of 
course,  were  the  many  items  of  China- 
townia  scattered  throughout  the  almanac, 
culled  from  a  variety  of  sources.  There  are 
a  score  of  these  items,  all  of  which  are 
interesting.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  many 
of  these  pieces  are  not  familiar  to  the 
younger  generation  Chinatownians,  ex- 
cept the  few  who  are  making  a  specialty 
of  gathering  such  fugitive  information. 
Some  of  the  items: 

On  January  15,  1858,  the  French  ship 
Asia  sailed  for  Shanghai  with  a  cargo 
of  321  embalmed  Chinese. 

On  February  12,  1867,  several  per- 
sons were  wounded  w  h  e  n  a  party  of 
white  laborers  attempted  to  prevent  some 
Chinese  from  working  at  South  Beach. 

February  19,  1939,  is  Chinese  New 
Year — the  2,490th  occasion.  To  keep 
the  record  straight,  it  should  be  noted 
that  this  figure  only  dates  from  the  birth 
of  Confucius,  who  was  born  551  B.  G, 
and  not  from  the  dawn  of  recorded 
Chinese  history. 

One  is  informed  that  on  March  12 
(year?)  the  first  union  label  was  invent- 
ed by  local  American  cigarmakers  to 
distinguish  their  products  from  those 
made  by  Chinese  companies.  If  the 
Almanac  writer  who  dug  up  this  item 
had  consulted  Cross's  History  of  the  La- 
bor Movement  in  California,  he  would 
have  learned  that  the  year  in  which  this 
happened  was  1874.  And  this  was  not  the 


first  union  label  either,  because  the  first 
was  adopted  in  San  Francisco  in   1869. 

The  first  Chinese  language  newspaper 
appeared  here  on  April  29,  1854,  and 
was  called  the  "Gold  Hill  News."  And 
if  you  don't  think  that  the  local  Chinese 
were  far  ahead  of  their  American  breth- 
ren in  the  use  of  a  non-violent  labor 
weapon  much  popular  today,  this  item 
will  settle  your  doubt:  on  June  8,  1852, 
Chinese  laborers  working  on  the  first 
fire-proof  structure  in  the  city,  the  gran- 
ite Parrott  building,  went  on  a  strike 
and  demanded  more  wages.  What  was 
more,  they  got  them.  The  simple  reason 
was  that  the  granite  blocks  used  in  erect- 
ing the  building  were  cut  and  dressed 
in  China,  and  were  numbered  in  Chi- 
nese so  that  only  the  Celestials  could  read 
them. 

On  July  23,  1877,  Chinatown  was  be- 
sieged for  two  days  by  an  anti-  Chinese 
mob  who  singled  out  laundries  for  de- 
struction. 

For  something  fantastic,  smacking  of 
witches  brew,  consider  the  prescription 
of  one  herbalist  Li  Po  Ti.  He  had  a 
sure  cure  for  cancer,  said  cure  to  be  com- 
pounded of  14  ingredients  of  one  to 
twelve  ounces  each.  A  few  of  these  al- 
leged ingredients  included  dragon's 
heart  blood,  pickled  lizards,  ground 
reindeer's  horns,  rattlesnake's  tail,  and 
eight  dried  coffin  nails,  old  ones  preferred! 

October  10,  on  the  28th  anniversary 
of  the  Chinese  Republic,  will  be  China 
Day  at  the  Exposition,  which  should  be 
a  gala  occasion. 

There  are  quite  a  few  more  such  Chi- 
natownia  items  scattered  throughout  the 
Almanac,  but  only  one  more  may  be 
quoted  here.  It  deals  with  the  Six  Com- 
panies, and  is  in  need  of  a  slight  cor- 
rection. As  published  in  the  Almanac, 
the  first  part  reads:  "The  safest  part  of 
San  Francisco  in  which  occidentals  may 
prowl  at  midnight  is  probably  China- 
town —  yet  a  blue-coated  peace  officer 
may  not  be  encountered  in  the  whole 
area.  Reason  is  the  unwritten  agreement 
between  the  Chinese  and  San  Francisco 
fathers  that  the  former  may  govern  their 
province  themselves,  providing  they  do 
so  efficiently." 

There  is  no  agreement,  written  or 
unwritten,  between  the  city  fathers  and 
the  Chinese  Six  Companies  that  the  lat- 
ter may  govern  Chinatown  without  bene- 
fit of  policemen.    Chinatown  has  plenty 


of  policemen — a  squad  of  plainclothes- 
men  under  the  veteran  Inspector  Jack 
Manion,  a  much  respected  figure. 

The  second  part  of  this  item  reads: 
"Control  rests  almost  entirely  with  the 
Chinese  Six  Companies  (actually  seven 
now)  each  representing  one  of  the  dis- 
tricts of  old  China.  The  names  of  the 
original  six  compaines  were:  Hop  Wo, 
Ning  Yeung,  Kong  Chow,  Sam  Yup, 
Yang  Wo,  and  Yan  Wo.  The  Seventh 
is  the  Shen  Hing  Company." 

The  error  in  the  above  is  that  the  Shew 
(not  Shen)  Hing  Company,  and  not  the 
Flop  Wo,  was  one  of  the  six  original 
companies.  Hop  Wo  was  the  seventh. 
The  Almanac's  source  for  this  informa- 
tion was,  of  course,  Charles  Caldwell 
Dobie's  San  Francisco's  Chinatown.  Do- 
bie  was  really  the  culprit  in  perpetrating 
this  error,  including  the  misspelling  of 
Shew  Hing  into  Shen  Hing. 

As  has  already  been  said,  there  are  a 
few  more  Chinatownia  items  in  the  Al- 
manac the  reviewer  has  not  mentioned. 
Chinatown  elders  should  be  flattered  that 
so  much  space  was  devoted  to  the  com- 
munity. But  then,  speaking  as  a  loyal 
Chinatownian,  this  is  as  it  should  be, 
because  Chinatown's  past  was  part  of  the 
colorful  history  of  San  Francisco. 

The  Federal  Writers  Project  is  to  be 
congratulated  for  this  piece  of  work,  and 
this  reviewer  looks  forward  to  the  San 
Franisco  and  bay  area  guide  the  project 
will  turn  out  next  year. 

o 

C.S.E.S.  TO  INTERVIEW 
CHINESE  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 
AT  1939  EXPOSITION 

San  Francisco — Chinese  Factors,  Inc., 
and  the  Keen  Wah  company,  promoting 
organizations  respectively  for  the  Chinese 
Village  concession  at  the  coming  Golden 
Gate  International  exposition  on  Treasure 
Island,  and  Old  Chinatown,  will  need 
more  than  two  hundred  employees  to 
work  in  their  exhibits  next  year,  accord- 
ing to  officials  of  both  companies.  Young 
men  and  women  seeking  for  possible  em- 
ployment at  these  concessions  are  to  apply 
through  the  Chinese  Department  of  the 
California  State  Employment  service  here, 
located  on  the  mezzanine  floor  of  1696 
Mission  street.  Those  with  experience 
as  waitresses,  waiters,  sales  clerks,  and 
recent  school  graduates  between  the  ages 
of  18  and  25  are  preferred. 

More  than  two  hundred  people  will  be 
employed  in  the  Chinese  Village,  while 
Old  Chinatown  will  furnish  employment 
to  at  least  50  persons,  it  has  been  learned. 


January,  1939 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  9 


CHINATOWNIA 


ATMOSPHERE  OF  OLD 
CHINATOWN  TO  BE  REVIVED 
FOR  EXPOSITION 

(When  the  Golden  Gate  International 
exposition  on  San  Francisco's  man-made 
Treasure  Island  opens  on  Feb.  18,  1939, 
just  one  day  before  the  next  Chinese  New 
Year,  an  old  alley  in  Chinatown  will  also 
open  with  it.  But  this  alley  will  not  be 
the  same  place  that  Chinatownians  have 
known  it  for  the  past  four  decades,  but 
a  lane  transformed  into  a  bit  of  old 
China.  It  will  be  known  as  Old  China- 
town, and  the  name  is  appropriate  be- 
cause it  will  be  redolent  with  the  sight, 
sound,  and  color  of  Chinatown  before  the 
turn  of  the  century. 

(The  moving  force  in  building  Old 
Chinatown  is  a  corporation  known  as  the 
Keen  Wah  company,  founded  especially 
to  bring  this  project  into  existence.  A- 
mong  Keen  Wah's  board  of  directors 
and  officers  are  many  members  of  the 
younger  generation  in  Chinatown.  The 
following  article  is  written  by  one  of 
these  and  describes  how  Old  China- 
town will  look  when  completed. — Editor) 
By  George  Chow 

Welcome  to  Old  Chinatown! 

Never  heard  of  k?  Well,  have  you 
ever  heard  of  Cameron  alley,  one  of  the 
most  notorious  places  of  San  Francisco's 
Barbary  Coast  days?  Today  Cameron  al- 
ley is  officially  Old  Chinatown. 


When  the  crackling  of  firecrackers 
heralds  the  coming  of  Chinese  New  Year, 
the  casual  visitor  to  this  alley  will  find 
neither  the  barred  windows  nor  the  triple- 
thick  doors  which  gave  so  much  trouble 
in  the  old  days  to  the  forces  of  the  law 
when  they  made  periodical  raids  here. 
Instead,  the  visitor  will  find  a  spot  re- 
plete with  the  color  and  glamour  of  the 
past,  sans  the   forbidding  aspects. 

Remember  the  melancholy  sounds  of 
many  flutes  that  were  so  much  a  part  of 
old  Chinatown's  dim-lit  streets,  and  the 
glowing  lanterns  that  furnished  warm 
touches  of  color  in  the  semi-darkness? 
They  will  be  brought  back  again. 

As  you  come  upon  Old  Chinatown,  a 
typical  Chinese  gateway  will  welcome 
you,  and  once  past  it  you  enter  on  a  new 
world  as  charming  as  Oriental  ingenuity 
can  make  it.  Men  and  women  in  native 
costumes — just  like  the  Chinatown  of 
old — will  once  more  be  evident. 

There  will  be  a  restaurant  serving  the 
best  of  Cantonese  dishes;  the  largest 
cocktail  lounge  in  Chinatown,  with  Chi- 
nese wood  carvings  as  decorative  motif 
and  modern  lighting  effects;  and  a  tea 
garden  for  those  who  would  enjoy  the 
cup  that  cheers  but  never  inebriates. 

At  the  end  of  the  street  another  Chi- 
nese gateway  opens  upon  a  temple  court- 
yard, and  along  its  winding  pathways  are 
plants  and  flowers  brought  from  China 
to  add  a  touch  of  nature  to  an  already 


charming  picture.  Standing  watch  over 
this  courtyard  will  be  several  gods  of 
stone. 

The  temple  will  be  nothing  less  than 
sumptuous,  with  all  its  gods  and  wor- 
shiping paraphernalia  transported  from 
China. 

Native  shadow  plays,  the  Chinese 
forerunner  of  the  present  Technicolor 
movies,  will  furnish  pleasant  means  of 
passing  the  hours.  These  plays  will  de- 
pict in  swift  moving  sequences  classical 
stories  that  once  amused  emperors. 

A  museum  will  house  a  priceless  col- 
lection of  antique  porcelain  and  other 
Chinese  art  objects.  Small  shops  will 
line  the  interior  of  a  building  transform- 
ed into  an  indoor  Chinese  street  scene. 

Old  Chinatown  is  not  a  new  idea.  In 
years  past  civic  minded  citizens  have  not- 
ed with  regret  the  gradual  but  nonethe- 
less certain  fading  of  the  once  colorful 
Chinatown  described  so  vividly  by  such 
writers  as  Charles  Caldwell  Dobie  and 
Idwal  Jones.  It  finally  took  the  com- 
bination of  young  shoulders,  old  heads, 
and  well  lined  purses  to  achieve  the 
partial  restoration  of  a  Chinatown  so 
cherished  in  the  memories  of  millions 
of  visitors.  The  basis  upon  which  Old 
Chinatown  was  conceived  is  as  much  a 
civic  as  it  is  a  business  one.  Old  China- 
town has  served  to  clean  up  slum  con- 
ditions within  the  area  controlled  by  the 
(Continued  on  p.  18) 


Cocktail  Lounge;  Banquet  and  Dancing  Hall;  Chinese,  American  and  Sea  Foods.  Largest  Chinese  Cafe  on  Coast.  Floor  Shows 
Nightly.  Tuesday — Free  Shrimp  Cocktail  Party,  from  11  P.  M.  to  2  A.  M.;  Wednesday — Amateur  Night,  3  Prizes;  Thursday 
— Carnival  Night.    New  Floor  Shows  commence  every  Friday.  No  Cover  Charge.    Lunch,  Dinner,  and  Evening  Parties. 


Page   10 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,   1939 


CHINATOWNIA 


GUUtato-UM,  QaeA,  Picketing 


(Last  month  Chinatownians  went  on 
picket  duty.  The  cause  of  it  all  was  a 
Greek  freighter,  the  S.  S.  Spyros,  chart- 
ered by  the  Mitsui  Company  of  Japan, 
which  had  docked  at  San  Francisco  and 
was  to  load  8J00  tons  of  scrap  iron 
bound  for  Japan.  The  United  Chinese 
Societies,  organized  along  patriotic  lines, 
could  not  stand  idly  by  and  permit  this 
cargo  of  potential  bombs  to  reach  its  des- 
tination without  doing  something  about 
it.  A  picket  line  was  therefore  suggested 
and  arranged,  with  all  the  available  man- 
power of  the  community  participating. 
The  incident  resulted  in  nation-wide  atten- 
tion and  lent  an  effective  push  to  the  inci- 
pient public  movement  for  a  U.  S.  em- 
bargo of  all  war  materials  to  Japan. 

The  following  is  an  eye-witness  account 
of  the  Chinese  picketing  of  the  S.  S. 
Spyros. — Editor) 

By  Lim  P.  Lee 
San  Francisco's  waterfront  has  been  the 
scene  of  many  labor  wars  but  it  was 
only  last  month  that  the  Sino-Japanese 
war  was  carried  to  its  Embarcadero.  The 
"zero  hour"  was  11  a.  m.,  Dec.  16,  and 
the  "stragetic  withdrawal"  was  2  p.  m., 
Dec.  20,  1938,  and  what  did  happen  has 
attracted  nation-wide  attention  and  is  a 
story  worth  re-telling. 

By  the  "grape wine  method" — the  most 
effecive  communication  of  Chinatown — 
Chinatownians  heard  that  "something 
will  happen"  at  the  waterfront  on  Dec. 
16,  and  all  interested  in  picket  duty  for 
the  good  of  China  were  to  meet  at  10:30 
a.  m.  at  the  corner  of  Stockton  and  Clay 
streets.  By  11  more  than  200  volunteers 
answered  the  call  to  the  colors.  Singing, 
yelling,  and  cheering,  they  were  carted 
down  by  trucks  to  Pier  45.  There  they 
were  met  by  Americans,  Greeks,  Jews, 
and  other  volunteers  of  many  national- 
ities, 300  in  number,  100  more  than  the 
Chinese  forces.  Lying  on  Pier  45  was  a 
Greek  tramp  freighter,  the  S.  S.  Spyros 
loading  implements  of  death — scrapiron 
for  the  bombs  of  Japan!  I.  Bib  Tolins, 
the  director  of  the  United  Committee  for 
the  Boycott  of  Japanese  Goods,  held  a 
short  strategy  meeting,  and  the  demon- 
stration was  on! 

Lieutenant  Governor-elect  Ellis  Patter- 
son of  California,  a  true  liberal  and  a 
statesmen — if  there  ever  was  one — fired 
the  opening  gun,  saying:  "Speeches  have 
been  made,  the  press  has  denounced  the 
shipment  of  war  materials  to  Japan,  all 


progressives  have  expressed  themselves 
for  democracy  against  the  aggressor,  but 
you  are  doing  something  about  it!  Con- 
gress is  about  to  meet.  .  .  .  Pressure  your 
Congressmen,  that  they  must  ask  Con- 
gress to  put  through  an  embargo  on  ag- 
gressor nations  and  declare  Japan  to  be 
an  aggressor." 

When  the  American  longshoremen 
started  for  lunch,  the  pickets  very  cour- 
teously but  firmly  pleaded,  "Longshore- 
men, be  with  us!  Longshoremen,  be  with 
us!"  Smilingly  and  good-naturedly  the 
pickets  continued  until  1:00  p.  m.,  then 
asked  among  themselves:  'tWill  the  long- 
shoremen return  to  work?"  A  few  did, 
but  the  majority  of  them  honored  the 
Chinese  picket  lines,  and  the  few  that 
worked  were  so  ashamed  that  they 
dropped  their  hooks  shortly  and  joined 
their  comrades.  Victory!  Victory!  the  call 
was  shouted  through  Chinatown  and 
the  pickets  began  to  arrive  in  trucks,  in 
street-cars,  in  automobiles.  The  radio 
and  the  press  flashed  the  news  to  the 
nation:  — Chinese  pickets  tied  up  scrap- 
iron  to  Japan  and  American  longshore- 
men refused  to  load  implements  of  de- 
struction!  This  lasted  until  5  p.  m. 

By  the  time  the  news  was  flashed  back 
to  Chinatown,  pigs  were  being  roasted  for 
the  nourishment  of  the  Chinese  pickets 
and  American  sympathizers.  Soda  pops, 
coffee,  hot  tea,  sandwiches,  oranges, 
Chinese  buns  were  streaming  toward  the 
waterfront  to  feed  the  pickets  and  the 
longshoremen.  Chinese  came  in  from 
Stockton  and  Valley  towns;  they  march- 
ed in  from  Palo  Alto  and  Peninsula 
cities;  and  thousands  poured  in  from  the 
Bay  Area  till  the  climax  of  the  picketing 
numbered  5,000  strong  and  more! 

Then  an  ultimatum  was  issued  to  the 
pickets  on  Dec.  19,  at  12:00  noon.  The 
committee  of  the  United  Chinese  Socie- 
ties met  with  the  representatives  of  the 
Waterfront  Employers'  association,  and 
the  labor  relations  committee  of  the  In- 
ternational Longshoremen  and  the  Ware- 
housemen unions,  Local  1-10,  met  with 
the  same  representatives  of  the  shipown- 
ers, and  through  their  president,  Mr. 
Almon  E.  Roth,  the  ultimatum  was  is- 
sued: the  Chinese  must  remove  the  pic- 
ket lines,  the  longshoremen  must  go  back 
to  work,  or  the  shipping  of  San  Francisco 
and  the  West  Coast  would  be  tied  up  as 
a  consequence  of  the  failure  to  accept 
the  dictate  of  the  Waterfront  Employers' 


association.  However,  Mr.  Roth  expressed 
"personal  sympathies"  for  China,  but  as 
a  business  principle,  commerce  in  San 
Francisco  cannot  be  interrupted.  (Even 
such  commerce  that  goes  to  Japan  to  be- 
come bombs  to  be  rained  on  innocent 
Chinese  civilians,  women,  and  children 
must  go  on  as  a  matter  of  "business  prin- 
ciple.") 

The  Longshoremen  met  the  same  even- 
ing, and  Mr.  B.  S.  Fong,  president  of  the 
China  War  Relief  Association  of  Amer- 
ica, and  chairman  of  the  committee  repre- 
senting the  United  Chinese  societies 
pleaded  with  the  longshoremen  to  respect 
the  picket  lines.  Dr.  Lo  Shan  Peng,  sec- 
retary of  the  National  Committee  of  Chi- 
na's YMCA's,  and  director  of  Hankow's 
six  refugee  camps,  gave  an  impassioned 
plea  for  the  longshoremen  to  stand  by 
China.  After  the  Chinese  representatives 
left  the  longshoremen  voted  not  to  pass 
the  picket  lines  even  if  there  were  only 
one  Chinese  picket  on  duty.  However 
they  instructed  their  officials  to  negotiate 
with  the  Chinese  for  amicable  solution 
but  specifically  told  their  officials  "not  to 
let  the  Chinese  down." 

The  emergency  council  of  the  United 
Chinese  Societies  was  summoned  for  a 
night  session,  and  a  committee  of  eleven 
was  empowered  to  negotiate  with  the 
longshoremen  for  an  "amiciable  solution." 
The  committee  met  with  the  officials  of 
the  International  Longshoremen  and 
Warehousemen's  Union  at  12  noon  on 
Dec.  20.  Mr.  Henry  Schmidt,  spokesmen 
for  the  longshoremen,  told  the  Chinese 
representatives  that  the  C.  I.  O.  Council 
had  passed  a  resolution  to  instruct  the 
secretary  to  call  all  labor,  fraternal,  civic, 
and  religious  organizations  for  a  Coast- 
wide  conference  to  study  and  promote 
the  embargo  on  all  materials  to  Japan. 
Thus  the  demonstration  the  Chinese 
staged  has  served  the  purpose  of  calling 
the  attention  of  the  American  public  to 
the  seriousness  of  the  embargo  question, 
and  that  the  conference  should  be  called 
immediately.  The  picketing  of  the  S.  S. 
Spyros  was  borne  solely  by  the  longshore- 
men, and  they  had  voted  to  stand  by 
the  Chinese  as  long  as  they  continue 
picketing  in  spite  of  the  threat  of  the 
closing  of  the  San  Francisco  port  and  the 
tie-up  of  West  Coast  shipping.  But  the 
more  important  issne  was  to  get  the  Amer- 
ican people  to  act  together,  and  that  the 
longshoremen  pledged  to  do. 

Mr.  B.  S.  Fong  spoke  for  the  Chinese 
committee,  expressing  the  heartfelt  thanks 


x& 


January,  1939 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  11 


CHINATOWNIA 


Upper  left  picture  shows  scrap  iron  being  taken  into  the  hold  of  the  S.S.  Spyros.  Upper  right  picture  shows  two  of  the  several  hundred 
Chinese  women  who  did  their  part  in  picketing  the  ship.  In  the  lower  picture  is  seen  part  of  the  one  thousand  Chinese  pickets  on  the  wharf 
where  the   Spyros  was  docked.    (Photos  taken  for   the  Chinese  Digest  by  Glenn  D.  Lym.) 


of  the  Chinese  people  to  the  longshore- 
men in  honoring  the  picket  lines.  The 
wages  that  the  longshoremen  lost  far  ex- 
ceeded in  value  the  cargo  that  could  be 
lost  by  the  shipowners,  but  the  Chinese 
people  had  found  out  who  their  true 
friends  were.  The  Chinese  pickets  were 
withdrawn  at  2  p.  m.  Dec.  20,  and 
marched  en  mass  to  the  Waterfront  Em- 
ployers' Association  and  protested  their 
mercenary  action.  Then  they  circled  to 
the  longshoremen's  headquarters  to  ex- 
press the  appreciation  of  the  Chinese 
people.  Thus  ended  the  Sino-Japanese 
war  on  San  Francisco's  waterfront.  Then 
5,000  marched  in  a  mile  long  parade 
though  down-town  San  Francisco,  and 
back  to  Chinatown  where  a  mass  meeting 
was  held,  and  a  national  campaign  for 
an  embargo  on  war  materials  for  Japan 
was  launched! 


CHRONICLE  XMAS 
FUND  AIDS  THREE 
CHINESE  YOUTHS 

San  Francisco — Three  of  the  fifty- 
some  cases  presented  for  public  aid  as 
"neediest  cases"  by  the  S.  F.  Chronicle 
last  Christmas  concerned  Chinese  youths. 
Presented  as  Cases  No.  3,  21,  and  32,  the 
three  Chinese  neediest  were  merely 
named  Jefferson,  Alice  and  Charlie,  re- 
spetively.  The  budget  for  the  first  case 
was  #120,  for  the  second,  #122,  and  #150 
for  the  last  one. 

Jefferson  is  a  10-year-old  with  a  rheu- 
matic heart  and  a  frail  body  needing 
constant  care.  He  was  one  of  three  Chi- 
nese cases  aided  by  the  Chronicle  Christ- 
mas fund  in  1937.  (See  Chinese  Digest 
for  April  1938),  and  at  that  time  it  was 
problematical  whether  Jefferson  would 
live  or  not.  However,  because  he  was 
"adopted"  by  those  who  subscribed  to  his 


care,  there  is  no  chance  that  the  boy  will 
die  now.  But  follow  up  care  was  necessary 
and  therefore  a  second  appeal  had  to  be 
made  in  his  behalf. 

Alice,  Case  No.  21,  was  also  assisted 
in  1937,  but  needed  more  funds  to  carry 
on  her  medical  course  at  college  for  at 
least  another  year. 

The  third  case,  a  new  one,  concerned 
Charlie,  only  son  of  an  aged  Chinese 
couple,  who  was  supplementing  his  fam- 
ily's relief  budget  by  doing  part  time 
carpentry  work.  Special  aptitude  tests 
showed  that  Charlie  was  skilled  with  his 
hands.  A  budget  of  #150  was  asked  for 
Charlie  so  that  he  may  take  a  special 
ourse  in  carpentry  and  prepared  himself 
for  a  future. 

The  budget  for  the  three  cases  was 
subscribed  in  full. 


Page   12 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,  1939 


CHINATOWNIA 


MURDER  OF 

A  TEMPLE  KEEPER 

Standing  at  the  foot  of  Front  and  D 
streets,  in  Marysville,  California,  is  a  Chi- 
nese temple.  Tall,  massive,  it  was  built 
in  the  '50's,  and  once  upon  a  time  it 
faced  the  river,  silently  watching  all  ships 
that  passed  through,  for  Marysville  was 
at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Feather 
river  and  center  of  trade  for  the  northern 
California  mines  in  the  gold  rush  days. 

Today  a  dike,  on  level  with  the  slant- 
ing roof  of  the  temple,  blocks  the  river 
from  view.  Motorists  coming  into  the 
town  through  U.  S.  highway  99  E  may 
see  the  temple  on  the  right  as  they  ap- 
proach the  main  street,  if  their  eyes  are 
quick. 

For  many  years  the  last  keeper  of  this 
temple  was  Jung  Ah  Lum,  age  seventy- 
four.  He  lived  in  a  room  adjoining  the 
temple,  and  kept  the  idols  and  the  sac- 
rificial articles  neat  and  clean,  and  at- 
tended to  the  ceremonies  of  worship. 

Three  months  ago,  on  the  night  of 
Oct.  7,  Ah  Lum  was  going  home  as  usual 
through  the  narrow  unpaved  street  lead- 
ing to  the  temple.  Just  before  he  reached 
the  place  he  was  slugged  from  behind, 
and  dropped  to  the  ground,  unconscious. 
Robbed  from  him  was  only  a  watch  with 
a  silver  case. 

Taken  to  the  local  hospital,  Ah  Lum 
died  4  days  later  of  brain  contusion. 

Within  twelve  hours  after  the  robbery 
and  while  the  injured  temple  keeper  still 
lay  unconscious  in  the  hospital,  Marys- 
ville police  had  traced  the  stolen  watch 
after  questioning  three  Negroes.  The 
watch  had  been  sold  to  one  of  them  for 
seventy-five  cents.  From  the  purchaser's 
description  of  the  man  who  sold  him  the 
watch,  the  police  readily  surmised  the 
man  to  be  one  George  Ruff,  42,  a  Ma- 
rysville-born  American  who  had  spent 
half  of  his  life  in  various  prisons  for  of- 
fenses ranging  from  vagrancy  to  second- 
degree  robbery. 


The  day  after  the  robbery  the  suspect 
walked  into  the  Marysville  police  sta- 
tion and  attempted  to  "mooch"  a  meal 
from  one  of  the  police  officers,  apparent- 
ly not  knowing  he  had  been  identified 
as  Ah  Lum's  assailant.  He  was  taken  into 
custody.  When  Ah  Lum  died  a  few  days 
later  Ruff  was  charged  with  first  degree 
murder. 

Last  month  Ruff  came  up  for  trial,  with 
a  jury  of  five  women  and  seven  women  to 
decide  his  fate.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that 
the  council  for  the  defense  introduced  a 
surprise  witness  who  testified  that  he  had 
seen  another  man  run  away  from  the 
scene  of  Ah  Lum's  robbery,  the  prosecu- 
tion's case  against  Ruff  was  practically 
air-tight.  The  district  attorney  revealed 
during  the  trial  that  Ruff  was  taken  to 
Ah  Lum's  bedside  just  before  the  latter 
died.  There  the  dying  man  pointed  to 
Ruff  and  asked  "Why  did  you  hit  me?" 

The  98  seats  in  the  Marysville  court- 
room were  filled  almost  daily  during  the 
entire  trial. 

The  jury  returned  a  verdict  in  less 
than  five  hours,  finding  "the  defendant 
guilty  of  murder  in  the  first  degree  and 
recommend  life  imprisonment." 

Thus  for  seventy-five  cents  Ah  Lum's 
life  was  taken,  within  hailing  distance  of 
half  a  dozen  of  his  Oriental  gods.  But 
nevertheless  he  may  feel  that  the  deities 
he  had  watched  over  for  many  years  have 
helped  to  avenge  him  as  the  gates  of 
Folsom  prison  closed  in  last  month  on 
George  Ruff.— W.  H. 


CWRA  STARTS 

NEW  RELIEF  CAMPAIGN 

San  Francisco — The  China  War  Re- 
lief association  here  initiated  a  new  cam- 
paign for  refugee  relief  fund  on  Dec. 
26,  with  the  goal  set  at  U.  S.  $1,000,000, 
or  three  million  dollars  in  Chinese  money. 
It  was  hoped  by  the  CWR  officials  to 
raise  this  fund  in  ten  months'  time. 


Ml.   y&unan  afj  the 


Plaza    SCHOOL  OF  DANCING 

is   making    this   announcement   to   Chinese   who    are    interested   in 
Bail-Room   or  Tap  Dancing. 


$1.00  Per  Lesson 


Pay  as  you  come  in.    With  lady  or  gentlement  instructors.    This  is  strictly  teaching. 

QET-MPK'IOI  VOIft  MAIAll 


PAINTING  OF 
CHIANG  KAI SHEK 
ON  EXHIBIT 

San  Francisco — An  oil  painting  of  Gen- 
eralissimo Chiang  Kai-Shek,  executed  by 
Aimee  A.  Lozier,  is  now  on  exhibit  at 
the  China  Emporium,  773  Grant  Avenue. 
According  to  the  artist,  a  copy  of  this 
portrait  has  been  given  to  Madame 
Chiang  Kai-Shek,  who  has  given  it  her  ap- 
proval.   o 

STUDENT  GROUP  DISTRIBUTES 
BOYCOTT  CIRCULARS 

Los  Angeles — Ten  thousand  circulars 
urging  complete  boycott  of  Japanese 
goods  were  printed  and  distributed  from 
house  to  house  by  members  of  the  Chinese 
Students  Association  of  Southern  Cal- 
ifornia here  last  month.  The  printing 
of  these  circulars  was  made  possible 
through  the  cooperation  of  the  local 
Chinese  Consolidated  Benevolent  asso- 
ciation. 


1868   Geary  St. 
San  Francisco 


For   appointment   phone   Mr.    Younan 
Fillmort   7634 


HOLLYWOOD  HOLDS 
CHINESE  RALLY 

Hollywood — Joining  hands  with  other 
organizations  actively  working  for  inter- 
national peace,  the  Motion  Picture  Art- 
ists committee  last  month  held  a  rally 
here  to  stimulate  the  American  boycott 
and  embargo  movement  against  Japan. 
Six  thousand  people  attended  the  rally, 
who  were  entertained  by  scores  of  pro- 
minent motion  picture  stars,  including 
Melvyn  Douglas,  Luise  Rainer,  Anna 
May  Wong,  Harpo  Marx,  and  others. 
Over  100,000  circulars  urging  the  boycott 
of  the  Japanese  goods,  chiefly  silk,  were 
distributed  by  the  committee. 
o 

PRICELESS  CHINESE  ART 
WORK  ATS.  F.  FAIR 

San  Francisco — Masterpieces  of  an- 
cient Chinese  art  will  have  a  prominent 
part  in  the  Pacific  Cultures  Division  of 
the  Fine  Arts  exhibit  at  the  1939  World's 
fair  here  next  February.  These  art  pieces 
will  include  world  renowned  Sung  and 
Ming  glazes,  bronzes  of  rare  delicacy  and 
great  artistry,  stone  figures  of  Buddha 
of  life  size  or  larger,  exquisitely  wrought 
gold  and  silver  jewelry,  painting,  em- 
broidery and  textiles. 

These  art  pieces  from  ancient  China 
are  being  loaned  from  several  of  the  most 
important  and  complete  collections  in 
London,  from  the  Louvre  in  Paris,  and 
from  outstanding  collections  in  America. 


X& 


Jonuory,  1939 


CHINESE    DIGEST 


Page  13 


CHINATOWNIA 


CATHAY  CLUB 
HOLDS  ELECTION 

San  Francisco — Officers  for  1939  were 
chosen  by  the  Cathay  club,  Chinatown's 
pioneer  musical  society,  last  month.  Those 
re-elected  were  Norman  D.  Chinn, 
treasurer;  Herbert  J.  Haim,  secretary; 
King  W.  Lee,  financial  secretary;  Ernest 
M.  Loo,  custodian;  and  Thomas  Y.  Kwan, 
musical  director. 

Newly  elected  officers  were  Andrew 
P.  Sue,  president;  Wah  Yee,  vice-pre- 
sident; George  Ong,  social  chairman;  and 
William  W.  Lowe  and  Leon  Lym,  sar- 
geant  at  arms  and  athletic  manager  res- 
pectively. 

Edward  W.  Quon,  retiring  chairman, 
predicted  a  busy  year  for  the  club,  now 
in  its  28th  year,  because  of  the  Exposi- 
tion to  be  held  in  this  city  in  1939. 
o 

SEEDLESS  WATERMELON 
GROWN  BY  CHINESE  STUDENT 

East  Lansing,  Mich. — Wong  Cheong- 
ying,  27-year-old  Chinese  graduate  stu- 
dent at  Michigan  State  college,  recently 
placed  on  exhibit  a  seedless  watermelon 
developed  by  himself  after  a  series  of 
intensive  experimentations.  College  au- 
thorities stated  that  Wong  had  succeeded 
where  others  had  failed. 

Elimination  of  the  seeds  was  accom- 
plished, Wong  explained,  by  the  use  of 
growth-promoting  hormones  in  dilute 
acids.  The  plant  blossom  was  bagged  to 
prevent  accidental  pollination,  then  the 
male  portion  of  the  flower  was  removed. 
The  female  portion  was  then  treated  with 
chemical  stimulants.  The  result  was  a 
seedless  melon,  with  unimpaired  flavor, 
although  slightly  pear-shaped.  The  ex- 
periments were  made  with  Michigan 
melons  which  average  about  eight  pounds 
and  are  usually  smaller  than  the  southern 
variety. 

Wong  Cheong-ying  will  explain  his 
discovery  to  the  American  Society  for 
Horticultural  Science  at  Richmond,  Va., 
on  Jan.  29.      o 

CBS  TO  BROADCAST 
"ORIENTALS  IN  AMERICA" 

On  February  26,  the  Columbia  Broad- 
casting system  will  give  a  dramatization 
of  the  history  of  the  Chinese  in  America, 
entitled  "Orientals  in  America."  This 
dramatization  will  constitute  the  16th  of 
a  series  which  CBS  is  broadcasting  over 
a  nation-wide  hookup  under  the  general 
title  of  "Americans  All — Immigrants 
All." 


CHINESE  BEAT  JAPANESE 
IN  FOOTBALL  SKIRMISH 

San  Francisco — As  predicted,  the  Un- 
known packers,  that  lightweight  football 
team,  started  their  season  with  two  vic- 
tories. 

On  Oct.  9  the  Packers  defeated  the 
California  park,  a  Japanese  team,  12  to 
0.  Both  teams  were  evenly  matched,  with 
the  game  mainly  played  in  midfield,  until 
a  pass  from  Lee  Baugh  to  Babe  Moy 
put  the  Chinese  boys  on  the  10  yard 
stripe.  On  the  next  play  the  fullback 
plunged  through  center  for  the  first  touch- 
down. From  that  moment  until  the  last 
few  minutes  of  the  final  quarter  both 
teams  held  each  other.  Then  the  Pack- 
ers started  an  inspired  60  yard  drive  to 
the  1  yard  line.  From  this  setup  a  quar- 
terback sneak  neted  the  final  score,  12 
points.   Both  conversions  fell  short. 

On  Oct.  16  the  Packers  downed  a 
strong  Ross  club  6  to  0.  Both  teams 
showed  power  and  played  heads  up  foot- 
ball. The  Chinese  team  lost  a  chance  to 
score  when  they  fumbled  on  the  opposi- 
tion's 5  yard  line.  The  half  ended  in  a 
scoreless  tie.  Two  passes  in  succession  from 
Lee  to  the  Moy  brothers  made  a  net 
gain  of  40  yards.  Six  drives  off  center 
made  it  a  first  down  and  goal  to  go  on 
Ross's  4  yard  line.  On  a  fake  center 
buck,  the  fullback  paused  momentarily, 
swung  back  and  around  right  end  for  the 
only  score.  The  entire  Ross  team  was 
caught  completely  flat  footed.  The 
American  lads  held  the  ball  in  their  pos- 
session until  the  last  quarter  when  Babe 
Moy  intercepted  a  pass  as  the  game  end- 
ed. 

The  Packers  were  outweighed  5  lbs. 
per  man  but  showed  such  fight  and  spirit 
from  start  to  finish  that  many  were  the 
complimentary  remarks  heard  from  the 
American  spectators,  on  their  tiptop  per- 
formance. 


MANY  CHINESE  ARE 
GRADUATED  FROM  JUNIOR 
AND  HIGH  SCHOOLS 

San  Francisco — Over  one  hundred  Chi- 
nese students  were  graduated  from  half 
a  dozen  junior  high  and  high  schools  in 
this  city  last  month,  with  Francisco  junior 
high  alone  accounting  for  98.  Chinese 
students  also  graduated  from  Galileo, 
Mission,  Lowell,  and  Commerce  high 
schools,  as  well  as  Marina  junior  high. 

At  the  graduation  ceremonies  of  the 
George  Washington  high  school,  Ray- 
mond Chung  was  the  valedictorian. 


CHINA'S  NEW 
INDUSTRIAL  DEFENSE  LINES 

The  livelihood  of  60,000,000  Chinese 
war  refugees,  unemployed  workers  and 
villagers  will  be  improved  and  permanent- 
ly safeguarded  when  China's  plan  of 
starting  30,000  small  industrial  cooper- 
ative societies  is  established  throughout 
the  rural  districts.  With  the  movement 
in  full  swing,  the  sponsors  declare  that 
there  will  not  be  the  remotest  chance 
of  the  Japanese  starving  the  Chinese 
rural  masses  into  submission  because  each 
area,  even  in  the  so-called  occupied  zones, 
will  be  a  self-supporting  community,  self- 
sufficient  financially  and  economically. 

The  Chinese  Industrial  Cooperative, 
a  semi-official  organization,  will  be  instru- 
mental in  carrying  out  the  plan.  The  Ex- 
ecutive Yuan  of  the  Chinese  government, 
on  the  recommendation  of  Dr.  H.  H. 
Kung,  the  Minister  of  Finance,  has  allo- 
cated $5,000,000  as  initial  capital  and 
another  $500,000  as  promotion  fund.  In 
addition,  the  organization  has  secured 
financial  and  technical  assistance  from  the 
League  of  Nations  and  from  labor  or- 
ganizations in  China  and  abroad. 

It  is  the  plan  of  the  Chinese  Industrial 
Cooperatives  to  establish  four  regional 
headquarters  in  Shensi,  Hunan,  Kiangsi 
and  Szechuan  provinces.  With  these  as 
the  controlling  bodies,  innumerable 
branch  headquarters  will  be  established 
in  different  cities  and  towns  in  the  north- 
western and  southwestern  provinces. 

As  regards  the  types  of  industries 
which  these  cooperative  societies  can 
work  upon,  the  Chinese  Industrial  Co- 
operatives has  divided  them  into  six  cate- 
gories; namely,  textiles,  food  stuffs, 
chemicals,  metal  work,  educational  ne- 
cessities  and   other  miscellaneous   items. 

It  is  expected  that  when  these  30,000 
industrial  cooperative  societies  are  prop- 
erly organized  in  the  interior  villages  and 
towns,  the  general  welfare  of  the  rural 
people  in  China  will  be  considerably  im- 
proved and  the  relief  problems  not  only 
of  the  war  refugees  but  also  of  the  people 
living  in  the  so-called  occupied  areas  will 
be  permanently  solved. 


It  is  of  essential  importance  for  flow- 
ers to  have  butterflies,  for  mountains  to 
have  springs,  for  rocks  to  have  moss,  for 
rivers  and  lakes  to  have  water-cress,  for 
tall  trees  to  have  creepers,  and  for  men 
to  have  hobbies. — Chang  Ch'ao. 


Poge   14 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,  1939 


ROAMING    'ROUND 


H.  K.  Wong 


New  resolutions,  noise,  confetti,  ser- 
pentine, strains  of  "Aula!  Lang  Syne," 
various  forms  of  merry-making,  and 
greetings  of  Happy  New  Year  resound- 
ed at  the  brilliant  New  Year's  Eve 
dancing  party  of  the  Cathay  Club.  Ev- 
eryone enjoyed  himself  till  the  wee  small 
hours  of  the  dawn.  Most  everyone  woke 
up  calling  for  bromos  and  vast  amounts 
of  their  favorite  brand  of  black  coffee. 
.  .  .  The  Wah  Ying  club's  housewarming 
of  its  new  clubhouse  was  put  on  in  a 
grand  scale.  Over  one  thousand  guests 
dropped  in  to  sip  cocktails  at  the  private 
bar,  to  chat  and  game  in  the  cozy  den, 
or  to  munch  sandwiches  in  the  main  club 
room  which  is  comfortably  fitted  out  in 
modernistic  furniture  and  is  now  one  of 
the  most  beautifully  appointed  club 
rooms  in  San  Francisco.  Prominent  busi- 
ness people  and  other  guests  were  en- 
tertained by  guest  stars,  among  them  a 
troupe  from  the  Chinese  theater  and  a 
Hawaiian  dancer  from  the  Golden  Gate 
Theater.  To  be  sure  that  none  would  go 
away  hungry,  Wah  Ying  prepared  over 
four  thousand  sandwiches. 

Charlie  Low  opened  his  new  night  club 
"The  Forbidden  City"  on  Sutter  street. 
It  is  decorated  elaborately  in  Chinese 
style  with  a  large  stage,  an  orchestra, 
dance  floor,  and  boasts  the  only  Chinese 
floor  show  in  America.  The  cast,  headed 
by  Li  Tei  Ming,  concert  singer,  Jadin 
Wong,  Oriental  dancer,  Ming  Gee,  ma- 
gician, and  Ellen  Cbinn,  dancer,  made  a 
hit  at  the  opening.  .  .  . 

During  the  picketing  of  the  Greek 
steamer  "Spyros,"  protesting  against  the 
shipment  of  scrapiron  to  Japan,  hour  af- 
ter hour,  thousands  of  marchers  milled 
around  the  cold  and  windy  pier  on  picket 
duty.  They  were  supplied  with  food  and 
drink  donated  by  Chinatown's  provision- 
ers.  Tray  upon  tray  of  Chaw  Ngow, 
cases  of  soda  pop,  stacks  of  Sandwiches, 
ice  cream,  Cha  Sieu,  and  even  two  whole 
roast  pigs,  smoking  hot  from  the  pit. 
Sympathetic  longshoremen  helped  "put 
away"  the  food.  The  Cha  Sieu  went  the 
quickest,  a  pound  in  a  mouthful  and  a 
reserve  piece  in  each  fist.  7.  C.  Woo,  eld- 
erly scholar  and  professor  of  the  Chinese 
Language  School  in  Vallejo,  is  a  zealous 
patriot.  He  took  his  turn  out  when  it 
was  sunny.  On  a  rainy  day,  he  stayed 
there  twice  as  long  because  "the  rain 
might  keep  away  the  less  hardy."  We 
need  more  like  you,  Mr.  Woo!!  Ports- 
mouth Square,  the  meca  of  fifty  to  a  hun- 
dred shoe  shine  boys  during  the  Christ- 
mas vacation,  was  empty  during  the 


picketing  of  the  ship.  They  had  all  gone 
to  help. 

During  the  past  three  years  the  Rice 
Bowl  Football  game  has  been  played 
here  under  a  cloudy  sky,  a  drizzle,  and 
even  in  a  rain  storm,  but  this  year,  for 
the  first  time  it  was  played  on  a  clear, 
sunny  day  and  drew  a  fine  crowd.  The 
anxious  committee,  a  week  before  the 
game,  called  the  meterologist  at  the 
weather  bureau  asking  what  sort  of  wea- 
ther they  would  have  on  the  17th.  After 
consulting  his  charts  the  weather  man  re- 
plied, "That  weather  is  in  Siberia."  Good 
thing  it  stayed  there,  otherwise  the  at- 
tendance would  have  been  halved.  Every 
Bay  Region  newspaper  sent  its  news- 
papermen and  cameramen  to  cover  this 
game.  In  fact  there  were  so  many  of  them 
on  the  side  line  that  they  obstructed 
Coach  Bill  Fisher's  view,  who  erroneously 
thought  that  they  were  part  of  the  crowd 
overflowing  from  the  stands  and  ordered 
them  back  on  the  stands.  They  were  the 
McCoy,  so  they  stayed.  ...  In  spite  of 
tired  limbs  and  bruised  bodies,  the  Los 
Angeles  Football  team  attended  the  Low- 
ell Hi  dance  with  music  by  Fred  Mah's 
Gran-Avenaires.  They  were  the  guests 
of  the  prexy  of  the  Chinese  Students' 
club,  Martin  Joe,  and  the  Rice  Bowl  club. 
On  the  same  night  only  two  blocks  away 
was  the  Francisco  Junior  High's  Grad- 
uation dance,  so  running  between  the  two 
and  meeting  all  the  girls,  they  had  a 
fairly  good  time.  .  .  .  The  Chinese  Bowl- 
ing alley  donated  one  day's  proceeds  to 
the  football  team  for  expenses.  Even 
Philip  Lowe,  the  co-manager,  was  unable 
to  get  his  own  private  stock  of  beer  until 
he  paid  for  it  ...  at  customer's  prices! 
The  other  manager,  "Smoky"  Joe  Wong 
made  a  grab  for  one  of  his  favorite  ci- 
gars in  the  show  case.  May  Yee  and 
Grace  Fung,  girls  in  charge,  stopped  him 
and  said,  "No  payee,  no  smokee."  He 
paid  ...  at  customer's  prices  plus  handl- 
ing charge!  .  .  . 

Congratulations  to  Ada  Chan  and 
Worley  Wong  who  were  united  for  life 
in  a  beautiful  ceremony.  .  .  .  Congratu- 
lations also  to  Jessie  Fung,  former  Berke- 
ley co-ed,  and  Bill  Jing  of  Bakersfield. 
They  also  chose  December  to  march  up 
the  aisle.  And  congratulations  to  Dick- 
son, 29-days-old  baby  boy  who  will  be  two 
years  old  (Chinese)  on  Jan.  1  though 
he  was  born  on  Nov.  27.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Henry  Fong  of  Saramento  (Ella  Dong) 
are  knitting  larger  garments  for  their 
"two"-year-old  oldster.  .  .  .  Frank  Lim 
of  San  Francisco  but  now  working  in  a 
service  station  in  Honolulu  gives  all  his 


customers  fine  service,  but  the  girls 
tell  me  that  he  gives  them  super  service. 
.  .  .  Bernice  Young  of  Honolulu,  who 
is  now  studying  at  Colorado  State  college, 
dreamt  of  a  trip  which  came  true.  She 
was  invited  to  a  free  trip  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. .  .  . 

More  congratulations!  This  time  to 
Flora  Wong  of  Oakland  who  announced 
her  engagement  to  Fred  Chin  .  .  .  and  to 
Mabel  Wong  and  William  (Bill)  Lim, 
Oakland's  foremost  insurance  agent. 
They  were  recently  Mr.  and  Mrs.-ed  and 
are  now  on  a  tour  of  the  west  coast.  .  .  . 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Theodore  Tang  of  Chi- 
cago returned  to  Oakland  for  a  brief 
stay.  They  were  married  two  months 
ago  in  Chicago  where  the  bridegroom 
runs  a  restaurant.  The  Oakland  Sunny 
California  bride  (nee  Marguerite  Lun) 
thinks  that  Chicago  is  "too  windy,  too 
snowy,  and  the  cars  go  too  fast."  .  .  . 

Over  four  thousand  people  were  in 
the  Shrine  band  on  the  field  before  the 
pageant.  On  the  stands  were  hundreds 
of  Chinese  fans  to  see  the  great  spec- 
tacle, but  only  a  few  were  able  to  make 
out  a  Chinese  drummer  among  the  red, 
white,  and  green  of  the  San  Francisco 
contingent.  Beating  on  his  drum  with 
great  vigor  and  plenty  of  zoomph  was 
Harry  Luke,  a  member  of  the  band  since 
1934.  I  don't  blame  them  for  failing  to 
recognize  him  for  he  was  gaily  bedecked 
in  his  temple's  uniform — red  fez  and 
pants,  a  green  velvet  jacket,  and  a  white 
vest.  This  happened  a  season  or  two  ago, 
but  it  is  too  good  to  keep,  so  I  might  as 
well  let  you  in  on  it.  His  temple  band 
had  orders  to  meet  promptly  at  the  stadi- 
um at  12  o'clock,  the  day  of  the  game. 
Luke,  not  wanting  to  be  late,  set  his 
trusty  alarm  clock  for  11  o'clock  before 
he  retired.  The  great  day  arrived  but 
not  a  peep  from  the  alarm  clock.  It  failed 
to  ring.  A  scant  quarter-hour  before  the 
appointed  time,  he  awoke  with  a  start, 
hastily  glanced  at  the  clock,  took  a  fly- 
ing leap  from  the  bed,  rushed  into  his 
uniform,  and  jumped  into  a  taxi  which 
broke  all  traffic  regulations  in  the  rule 
book  to  get  him  to  Kezar  stadium.  After 
a  short  delay  wrangling  and  explaining 
to  the  pompous  red-tape  minded  gate- 
man,  he  was  admitted.  Just  as  the  com- 
mander shouted  "Forward  march!"  he 
dashed  on  to  the  field  and  into  his  al- 
lotted space  and  whaled  away  with  his 
drumsticks  till  suddenly  he  stopped  and 
realized  that  he  was  flaying  at  emptv 
air,  for  he  left  his  drum  home!  There- 
after, on  such  occasions  to  make  sure 
that  it  would  never  happen  again,  he  h->s 


~.m„*n*«~ii*ia*BxixM*aaeiiaGa*/'; 


January,  1939 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  15 


ROAMING    ' 

H.  K.  Wong 


ROUND 


his  drumsticks  and  DRUM  tied  right 
onto  his  parade  pants.  .  . . 

The  Southern  California  Chinese  Stu- 
dents' club,  under  the  direction  of  Prexy 
Morgan  Lee,  held  its  second  annual 
Christmas  dance  in  the  beautiful  ballroom 
of  the  Royal  Palms  hotel.  .  .  . 

Pearl,  Herbert,  Paul,  and  Woodrow 
Moe,  Norman  and  Guy  Wong,  students 
at  the  U.  of  Washington,  spent  the  holi- 
days at  home  in  Portland.  .  .  .  Home  to 
Vancouver,  B.  C.  to  see  Santa  Claus  was 
Eddie  Yippe.  ...  The  C.  G.  A.  girls' 
athletic  club  of  Seattle  entered  its  bas- 
ketball team  in  the  strong  Y.W.C.A. 
league.  .  .  .  Woodrow  Moe  of  Portland, 
Rosa  and  Paul  Louie,  and  Ray  Wong  of 
Seattle,  are  attending  Linfield  college. 
The  latter  returned  home  for  a  short 
visit  recently.  .  .  .  Marjorie  Lew  Kay,  U. 
of  Washington  physical  education  major, 
was  recently  announced  to  Orchesis,  na- 
tional women's  dance  drama  honorary. 
.  .  .  Mary  Luke,  well-known  tennis  and 
basketball  player,  is  now  working  as  sec- 
retary in  the   Chinese  Consulate.   .   .   . 

In  charge  of  the  ticket  sale  for  the 
benefit  game  for  the  Chung  Mei  Home 
Scholarship  fund,  was  John  Kan,  who  de- 
voted full  time  laboring  unselfishly  at 
that  difficult  task.  Hearty  thanks  to  him, 
to  the  Square  and  Circle,  and  to  Leland 
Kimlau  and  the  Cathay  Post  of  the  Am- 
erican Legion  who  endorsed  and  support- 
ed the  good  cause.  .  .  . 

Close  friends  of  Dr.  Arthur  Chong, 
busy  optometrist  and  de  luxe  false  eye 
fitter  of  Grant  avenue,  now  call  him  the 
"great  promoter."  He  worked  hard  at 
one  project  which  won  him  the  coveted 
title.  .  .  .  San  Franciscans  Daniel  Yee, 
Bill  Won,  Woo  Wong,  and  Ong  Guy 
have  been  making  Santa  Cruz  their  home 
for  the  past  few  months.  .  .  .  Girls  of 
Watsonville  and  Santa  Cruz  think  that 
Otto  Lim,  foreman  of  the  Aptos  Evap- 
orating company,  is  a  dashing  Romeo. .  . . 
Leaders  in  selling  tickets  for  the  benefit 
movie  in  Watsonville   for  Chinese  War 


Gliinete.  WmJu. 
at  Ait 

NATHAN  BENTZ 
&  COMPANY 

Philip  Bentz,  Resident  Partner 
441  Grant  Ave.    San  Francisco 


Relief  were  Betty  and  Mary  Lee.  .  .  . 
In  San  Diego  the  Mai-Wa  club  and  the 
C.  Y.  A.  basketball  team  sponsored  a 
New  Year  dance  at  the  Y.M.C.A.  In 
charge  of  the  affair  was  Henry  Fon  Tom. 

More  Portland  news:  Hazel  Lee  just 
returned  from  China.  She's  having  as 
her  house  guests  the  misses  Karan  and 
Trudy  Chen,  who  were  Hazel's  traveling 
companions   during  the  Pacific  crossing. 

Donald  Lee,  local  boy,  recently  mar- 
ried Eva  Louise  Quong,  of  Eagle,  Idaho. 
Taking  the  vows  also  were  William  Moy 
and  Dorothy  Lee  of  Donald,  Oregon. 
.  .  .  Harold  Koe's  Bamboo  Grove  in  As- 
toria seems  to  be  the  latest  hangout  for 
young  people  of  Portland  on  weekends. 
They  say  it's  the  best  night  night  in 
tham  thar  hills.  .  .  . 

Beautiful  Daisy  Gee  is  not  married,  as 
was  recently  rumored,  but  very  much  un- 
attached in  affairs  d'amour  and  is  adding 
glamour  to  Li  Po's  nite  spot  just  now. 


NEW  OFFICERS  FOR 

N.  Y.  CHINESE  ART  CLUB 

New  York — The  Chinese  Art  Club 
here  at  its  fourth  annual  meeting  elected 
Chu  Jor  for  its  next  president,  succeed- 
ing Moowee  Tiam.  Others  elected  in- 
cluded K.  L.  Eng,  Wesley  S.  Chan, 
Marquis  Chunn,  Arthur  Lee,  and  Stan- 
ley H.  Chin. 

The  club  is  now  preparing  for  its  next 
annual  Children's  Art  exhibition.  This 
year  it  intends  to  have  a  nation-wide 
representation  and  Chinese  children's  art 
work  from  the  Chinese  communities  of 
San  Francisco,  Chicago,  Cleveland,  Bos- 
ton, and  other  Chinatowns. 
o 

Young  men  should  have  old  men's 
wisdom,  and  old  men  should  have  young 
men's  ambition. — Chang  Ch'ao. 


A  man  who  knows  that  he  is  a  fool  is 
not  a  great  fool. — Chuang  Tzu. 


CHINA  EMPORIUM 

'The  hub  of  Chinatown" 

CHINESE  ART  GOODS 

PORCELAIN  BAMBOO 

BRASS  WARES         GRASS  WARES 
RATTEN  CAMPHORWOOD 

CHEST 
733-35  Grant  Avenue 
San  Francisco     Phone  CH  2285 

When  in  Chinatown  visit  our  store 
and  showrooms.  OPEN  EVENINGS. 


CHINESE  LEGION  CHOOSES 
NEW  COMMANDER 

San  Francisco — Jim  Wing  Lee,  local 
world  war  veteran,  was  elected  new  com- 
mander of  Cathay  Post,  Chinese  post  of 
the  American  Legion  here,  last  month. 
Installation  of  the  new  post  commander 
was  the  feature  event  of  the  Seventh 
District  legion  meeting. 


C.Y.C.  ELECTS  OFFICERS 

Oakland — The  Chinese  Youth  Circle 
in  its  annual  election  last  month  chose 
Helen  Ng  as  its  president  for  1939.  Other 
officers  elected  included  Thomas  Fong, 
June  Ng,  William  Dang,  Jack  Jow, 
Elizabeth  Jeong,  and  Edward  Gee. 
o 

CWRA  PURCHASES 
10  AMBULANCES  FOR 
RED  CROSS  WORK 

San  Francisco — The  China  War  Re- 
lief association  here  last  month  allocated 
more  than  eight  thousand  dollars  out  of 
its  war  relief  funds  toward  the  purchase 
of  ten  ambulances  for  the  China  Red 
Cross  to  aid  in  their  work  of  caring  for 
the  wounded  civilians  and  soldiers  in 
China. 

During  the  past  17  months,  the  CWR 
has  given  more  than  $96,000  (U.S.)  to- 
ward the  purchase  of  medical  supplies 
for  war  refugee  relief  in  China,  it  was 
recently  announced. 

o 

Wine  should  be  taken  in  small  doses, 
knowledge  in   large. — Proverb. 


Slander  cannot  make  a  good  man  bad; 
when  the  water  recedes  the  stone  is  still 
there. — Chinese  Proverb. 


R004Bf04 

JANUARY 
CLEARANCE  SALE 

Henry  Tom,    Representative 
Market  at  Stockton 


Page   16 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,  1939 


SPORTS 

By  Davisson  Lee 


S.    F.   team's    Jock    Fong    is   seen    above    plowing    through    tackle    for    ofirst   down,   with    Ed    Louie    (silver    helmet    in    foreground'    blocking    in 
front  of  him.  From  left  to  right  the  players  are  identified  as  Bill  Wai,   Lawrence  Akana,    Ed  Ah   Tye,   Powell    Lee,  Morris   Lee,   Woody  Louie, 

and  Ernie  Chinn.   (See  story  elsewhere  on  this  page.1 


SAN  FRANCISCO  DEFEATS 
LOS  ANGELES  IN 
RICE  BOWL  CONTEST 

The  San  Francisco  Football  Team  de- 
feated the  Los  Angeles  All  Stars  for  the 
third  Rice  Bowl  Football  championship. 
24  to  0,  on  Saturday,  December  17  at 
Robert's  field.  This  game  is  sponsored 
by  the  S.  F.  Rice  Bowl  club  for  some 
worthy  cause — this  year,  for  the  Chung 
Mei  Home  Scholarship  fund. 

San  Francisco's  well  diversified  attack 
hit  pay  dirt  for  a  touchdown  in  every 
quarter.  Her  hard  charging  line  com- 
pletely smothered  the  vaunted  southern 
team's  air  attack  and  bottled  up  her  pow- 
er plays.  Only  in  the  last  moments  of 
the  game  did  Los  Angeles  threaten  to 
score.  The  game  ended  with  L.  A.  on 
the  S.  F.  7  yard  marker,  the  S.  F.  sec- 
ond team  all  digging  in. 

How  the  Touchdowns 
Were  Scored 

No.  1 

Caesar  Jung's  bad  punt  went  out  of 
bounds  five  minutes  after  the  game 
started  on  L.  A.'s  32.  Marshall  Leong, 
Jack  Fong,  and  Ed  Louie  combined  their 
efforts  to  make  a  first  down  on  L.  A.'s 
21.  From  that  point,  Ed  Louie,  on  a  re- 
verse from  Jack  Fong,  sliced  through  left 
tackle  and,  aided  by  good  blocking  from 
his  teammates,  galloped  21  yards  for  the 
score. 
No.  2 

Jack  Fong  took  to  the  air  lanes  in 
the  middle  of  the  2nd  quarter.  His 
passes  to  Ed  Ah  Tye  and  Woodrow 


Louie  took  his  team  to  the  L.  A.  55.  A 
pass  over  the  center  failed  but  the  next 
one  clicked  to  Ed  Ah  Tye  for  37  yards. 
After  making  the  difficult  catch,  Ah  Tye 
scored  all  alone  in  the  end  zone  after 
a  20  yard  dash. 
No.  3 

S.  F.  scored  again  3  minutes  after  the 
intermission. 

Her  center,  Morris  Lee,  recovered 
Ted  Ung's  fumble  when  Ung  was  tack- 
led hard  by  George  Wong  on  the  L.  A. 
line.  Louie  picked  up  5,  then  quarter- 
back Harding  Leong  lateraled  to  Jack 
Fong,  who  outsped  the  defense  to  the 
goal  line. 
No.  4 

With  Marshall  Leong  rumbling 
through  for  big  yardage,  assisted  by  Ken 
Kim,  and  Walt  Lee,  San  Francisco 
marched  from  her  own  24  to  L.  A.'s  27, 
where  Jack  Fong  again  threw  another 
ball  into  the  arms  of  Otto  Fung  for  a 
21  yard  touchdown  pass.  All  conversions 
failed. 

Stars  of  the  game  for  the  winning 
team  included  Marshall  Leong.  His 
crashing  plunges  through  the  line  and 
smashing  block  halted  many  an  L.  A. 
attack.  His  head  on  collision  in  the  line 
with  Caesar  Jung  was  heard  all  over 
the  stadium,  but  he  came  up  grinning. 

Jack  Fong  played  one  of  the  best 
games  of  his  career.  His  amazing  pass- 
es hit  his  receiver  every  time.  Personally 
he  threw  10  passes  of  which  8  connect- 
ed— two  for  touchdowns. 

Ed  Ah  Tye  and  Woodrow  Louie  are  a 
pair  of  ends  that  refused  to  be  put  out 


of  play.  Ah  Tye  shines  particularly  with 
his  fancy  pass  snagging.  L.  A.  macV 
no  yardage  on  Louie's  side  of  the  line 
all  afternoon. 

The  most  alert  and  hard  charging  pair 
of  guards  on  the  field  were  George  and 
Harry  Wong,  S.  F.  guards.  They  broke 
through  often  to  smear  up  the  L.  A.  re- 
verses. Harry  intercepted  an  L.  A.  pass 
and  ran  it  back  for  a  good  gain. 

An  up  and  coming  youngster  is  Ed 
Louie  who  showed  them  some  extra  fancy- 
swivel  hipping  when  he  went  over  for 
the  first  touchdown 

For  the  losers,  L.  A.'s  cagey  end  is  a 
standout  on  defense  and  is  a  hard  man 
to  fool.  Caesar  Jung  was  going  good 
until  he  was  injured,  while  Allan  Chan  is 
always  in  the  midst  of  the  tough  going. 
Tom  Woo,  end  from  San  Fernando,  was 
in  the  clear  twice  for  long  passes  which 
were  just  barely  able  to  reach  him.  With 
a  little  more  luck  there  would  have  been 
two  touchdowns  for  L.  A. 

The  San  Francisco  Football  team  has 
consented  to  play  a  benefit  football  game 
for  Los  Angeles  on  January  8  in  Los 
Angeles;  30  rooters  will  accompany  the 
team. 

Lineup: 
L.  A.  Position  S.  F. 

Ed  Woo  LER  Ed  Ah  Tvc 

M.  Kalili  LTR  Ernie  Lee 

Bill  Wye  LGR  Harn-  Wong 

Howard  Wong       C  Morris  Lee 

Allan  Chan  RGL       George  Wong 

Ernie  Chinn    .  .   RTL  Paul  Oku 

Ken  Ung  REL      Woodrow  Louie 


Jonuory,  1939 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page   17 


SPORTS 


Forrest   Yee   QB     ..Harding  Leong 

Powell  Lee  LHR Ed  Louie 

Ted  Ung  _  RHL Jack  Fong 

Caesar  Jung  F        Marshall  Leong 

Subtitution  for  S.  F.:  Walt  Lee,  Dave 
Shinn,  Kennie  Kim,  Jason  Har,  Otto 
Fung,  Ben  Wong,  Henry  Ow,  Bill  King, 
Pershing  Lee,  Henry  Ching. 

L.  A.  Substitutes:  Ong,  Quon,  and 
Fong,  T.  Woo,  Paul  Young,  Kalili, 
Chung  Alcana,  and  Lai. 

o >- 

WAH  YING  LEAGUE 

San  Francisco  —  The  Third  Annual 
Wah  Ying  Basketball  league  will  com- 
mence Jan.  8,  at  Kezar  Pavilion.  There 
will  be  four  games  a  night  on  every  con- 
secutive Sunday,  with  the  exception  of 
Jan.  15,  and  the  finals  on  March  12. 
The  first  game  will  be  at  6:30  p.m.  sharp 
with  the  following  games  one  hour  apart. 

Highlights  on  the  nine  teams  entered: 

WEST  COAST:  Composed  mainly  of 
the  championship  Twin  Dragon  team 
with  many  added  speedsters.  This  re- 
organized team,  under  Coach  Charles 
Hing,  is  one  that  bears  watching. 

NAN  WAH:  Winners  in  1936.  Al- 
ways place  a  well  balanced  team  on  the 
floor. 

TROOP  3:  They  copped  the  trophy 
in  '35.  Boast  of  a  return  veteran  lineup, 
plus  several  high  scoring  youngsters. 

GOLDEN  STAR:  Formerly  the  Pa- 
jama  Boys.  One  team  that  fights  from 
start  to  finish. 

BERKELEY  A.  C:  A  real  dark  horse. 
In  former  days  a  team  to  be  feared. 

NULITE:   A  fast,  rugged  ball  club. 

CHAN  YING:  A  group  of  fellows 
that  have  played  together  several  years 
and  know  what  it  is  all  about. 

Y.M.C.A.  JR.  VARSITY:  Has  lar- 
gest number  of  entries  (23).  Undefeated 
in  their  own  division  for  three  years. 
Holds  high  soring  record  in  110  lb.  class 
in  the  P. A. A.  Figures  to  upset  many  a 
dope  bucket. 

GAMBOLIERS:  A  newly  organized 
team  under  Tommy  Kim.  Quality  un- 
known, but  it  is  understood  that  each 
player  has  represented  a  club  or  school. 

You  pick  the  winner.  We  hesitate  to 
place  ourselves  on  the  well  known  spot. 
Be  sure  and  follow  this  column  for  the 
lowdown. 


Only  when  you  can  take  leisurely  what 
the  world  is  busy  about,  can  you  be  busy 
about  what  the  world  takes  leisurely.— - 
Chang  Ch'ao. 


By  Davisson  Lee  —^— 

BOWLING  TOURNAMENT 

San  Francisco — On  Thursday,  Dec.  8, 
the  Rice  Bowl  took  over  the  Chinese 
Bowling  alley,  and  all  proceeds  went  to 
suport  the  Rice  Bowl  football  team.  Dur- 
ing the  evening  they  had  an  open  tourna- 
ment in  which  six  teams  of  five  men  each 
participated.  Warren  Gee  Chang's  team, 
with  the  only  lady  entry,  Mrs.  Emily 
Lau,  Jack  Lowe,  Wah  Huie,  and  Billy 
Yee,  won  the  total  score  of  2331.  The 
other  teams  finished  in  the  following  or- 
der: Sportsmen  Club  2290,  Dark  Horse 
2177,  Duchess  Sandwich  2128,  Twin 
Dragon  2121,  and  Wah  Ying  1997. 

High  game  went  to  Jack  Young, 
Sportsmen  Club,  with  205,  while  the  high 
average  in  three  games  was  taken  by 
George  Wong,  Twin  Dragon,  170. 

In  a  return  match  between  the  three 
top  teams  a  few  days  later,  the  rating 
remained  the  same,  with  the  first  two 
teams  both  bettering  the  old  winning 
mark.  It  was  a  nip  and  tuck  affair  with 
only  "sup  leng  gah"  point  separating 
each  team  from  the  other. 

Lee  Yum,  of  the  Sportsmen  Club, 
made  the  audience  sit  up  and  take  notice, 
with  a  high  game  of  216  and  a  high 
average  of  191.    That's  bowling! 


SPORT  SHORTS 

S.  F. — The  Chinese  playground  is 
represented  in  three  divisions  in  the  finals 
of  the  All-City  Recreational  BasketbaN 
League,  80's,  110's,  and  120's. 


CHURCH  BASKETBALL 
LEAGUE 

Sacramento — With  the  completion  of 
the  first  half  of  the  season,  league  stand- 
ings show  the  Sacramento  Chinese  in 
third  place  with  five  wins  and  two  losses. 
Tying  for  second  place  until  a  setback 
in  their  final  game,  the  Chinese  squad 
has  been  rolling  along  in  grand  fashion, 
being  sparked  by  diminutive  Edmund  E. 
Yee. 

The  capital  quintet  tangled  with  the 
Berkeley  Chinese  on  Nov.  18,  1938,  in 
a  first  match  with  an  out-of-town  team. 
Sacramento  emerged  victorious  with  a 
score   of   44-43    after   a   thrilling   story- 


book  finish  when  W.  Lo 
from  mid-court  with  only 
of  play  remaining. 

jie  tan! 
fifteen 

:ed  one 
seconds 

Players  in 

the 

local 

team: 

H.  Lee 
G.  Louie 
J.  Gee 
M.  Kitts 

J- 
E. 
R. 
W 

Fong 

Yee 

Yee 

.  Louie 

S.  F. — Results  of  the  Chinese  School 
league  sponsored  by  the  Chinese  Night 
playground:  80  lb.  won  by  Chung  Wah. 
90's  and  100's  by  Hip  Wah. 


L.  A. — The  Los  Angeles  Chinese  Ten- 
nis team  has  just  won  the  Southern 
League  team  championship. 


SACRAMENTO— T  h  e  Sacramento 
Lightweight  Basketball  team  defeated 
the  Marysville  Chinese,  46  to  21  on  Dec. 
2,  at  Marysville.  Sacramento  played  too 
much  basketball  against  their  fighting  op- 
ponents, and  once  in  the  lead,  were  safe 
from   being   overtaken. 


SACRAMENTO— Suddenly  becom- 
ing athletically-minded  in  comparison 
with  former  years,  the  capital  city  has 
come  forth  with  a  lightweight  football 
team  that  will  undoubtedly  be  heard 
from  next  season.  Having  been  unable 
to  schedule  any  home  games,  through 
no  fault  of  their  own,  the  Sacramento 
Chinese  became  barnstormers,  meeting 
all  teams  in  their  own  weight  division. 
Even  though  they  did  not  win  any  games 
in  their  initial  season  of  grappling  on  the 
gridiron,  the  Sacramento  boys  showed 
much  promise  and  improvement  with 
each  game.  Coach  Marvin  Kitts,  former 
coach  at  Grass  Valley,  is  the  man  behind 
the  scenes.  Armed  with  a  wealth  of  foot- 
ball knowledge,  he  and  his  young 
chargers  are  already  pointing  towards 
next  season. 


S.  F. — With  kite  season  nearly  here 
let  us  remind  you  that  a  double  honor 
awaits  the  winner.  For  among  the  for- 
tunate ones  will  be  chosen  a  few  to  be 
displayed  at  the  1939  Exposition.  Start 
early  and  sign  up  at  the  Chinese  play- 
ground. 


OAKLAND— The  Lowa  A.C.  of  Los 
Angeles,  basketball  champions  of  South- 
ern California,  journeyed  to  Oakland 
over  the  Christmas  holiday.  Playing 
against  the  fast  breaking  Oakland  Young 
Chinese  quintet,  they  were  defeated  in 
an  exciting  see-saw  contest  28  to  26.  In 
the  preliminary  the  Waku  Auxiliary 
downed  the  Oakland  Chinese  All-Stars 
16  to  9.  Violet  Quan  took  high  scoring 
honor  with  12  digits.  The  Oakland  High 
five  defeated  the  Young  Chinese  Jr. 
in  the  second  preliminary. 


Page  18 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


January,  1939 


CONTINUATION     PAGE 


CHINA  IS 

"BLEEDING  TO  DEATH" 

(Continued  from  p.  2) 

"It  was  natural  that,  after  the  fall 
of  Canton  and  Hankow,  there  was  a 
brief  period  of  doubt,  hesitation,  and 
even  despair  on  the  part  of  many  of  our 
people  and  our  leaders.  .  .  .  There  is  a 
limit  to  the  ability  of  human  flesh  and 
blood  to  fight  against  much  superior 
mechanical  and  metal  equipment;  and 
there  is  always  the  danger  of  collapse 
through  sheer  exhaustion.  It  was  quite 
natural,  therefore,  that  my  people  should 
have  had  this  period  of  doubt  and  in- 
decision. .  .  .  (and)  there  were  serious 
thoughts  of  giving  up  the  fight. 

"But  this  period  of  hesitation  was  also 
a  period  of  great  decisions.  It  did  not 
take  very  long  for  our  leaders  to  come 
to  the  conclusion  that  it  was  impossible 
for  China  to  have  peace  at  the  present 
moment  simply  because  there  was  not 
the  slightest  chance  for  a  peace  that 
would  be  acceptable.  .  .  .  After  serious 
considerations  of  all  difficulties  and  po- 
tentialities, our  leaders  have  definitely 
decided  to  continue  our  policy  of  re- 
sisting the  invader  and  fight  on. 

"In  announcing  this  new  determina- 
tion to  the  nation  and  to  the  world  at 
large,  Generalissimo  Chiang  Kai-shek 
laid  special  stress  on  these  points:  that 
China  will  continue  her  policy  of  pro- 
longed nation-wide  resistance;  that  as 
the  war  has  become  really  'nation-wide' 
and  the  enemy  is  drawn  into  the  interior, 
both  time  and  geography  are  on  our  side; 
that  our  war  of  resistance  during  the 
past  16  months  has  succeeded  in  retard- 
ing the  westward  advance  of  the  enemy, 
thus  enabling  ourselves  to  develop  com- 
munications and  transportations  in  the 
vast  hinterland  and  remove  some  indus- 
tries thither;  that  we  can  only  hope  to 
win  final  victory  through  the  greatest 
hardship  and  sacrifice;  and  that  this  war 
of  resistance  must  be  understood  as  a 
'revolutionary  warfare'  similar  to  the 
wars  of  American  Independence,  French 
and  Russian  Revolution  and  Turkish 
Emancipation,  and  in  such  revolution- 
ary warfare  the  spirit  of  the  people  will 
ultimately  win  out. 

"This  is  the  solemn  declaration  of 
China's   new   determination." 


It  is  difficult  to  win  a  friend  in  a  year; 
it  is  easy  to  offend  one  in  an  hour.— Chi- 
nese Proverb. 


THE  MOBILIZATION 
OF  CHINA'S  WOMEN 

(Continued  from  p.  J) 

gates,  led  by  this  team  of  singers  who 
marched  ahead  through  the  sleepy  town. 
Most  of  the  wealthy  families  had  moved 
away  to  the  villages  for  fear  of  bombing, 
but  two-thirds  of  the  normal  population 
remained.  While  this  team  of  girl  work- 
ers, one  of  several  teams  who  had  been 
trained  and  sent  out  to  this  hsien  by  my 
New  Life  Movement  stall,  were  teaching 
the  children  of  the  town  to  sing  songs  of 
welcome  to  soldiers,  the  magistrate  sent 
a  messenger  to  inquire  if  they  were  go- 
ing to  send  the  troops  off  in  the  morning. 
This  time,  the  magistrate  himself  led  the 
team  through  the  city  gates  and  proudly 
escorted  them  ten  li  down  the  road.  Be- 
ing a  scholar,  he  thought  it  becoming  that 
he  should  ride  some  of  the  way  in  a 
ricksha,  the  aristocratic  conveyance  of 
that  locality,  but  the  girls  walked,  and 
returned  to  teach  their  classes  in  first 
aid. 

The  enemy  bombers  might  soon  be 
dropping  high  explosives  and  machine- 
gunning  the  town  as  they  have  done  in 
neighboring  hsien.  In  preparation  for 
this,  and  so  as  to  be  able  to  assist  wounded 
soldiers  who  may  come  straggling  back 
from  firing  lines,  as  many  women  as 
possible  are  being  instructed  by  the  serv- 
ice team  in  the  care  of  wounds  and  frac- 
tures. The  women  of  the  town  have  not 
previously  thought  much  about  doing  any- 
thing outside  of  the  home,  but  they  might 
if  trained  and  educated  so  to  do.  With 
the  aid  of  posters  and  demonstrations, 
learning  has  become  a  much  simpler  pro- 
cess, simpler  than  they  had  ever  supposed. 
The  knowledge  and  skill  acquired  from 
our  enthusiastic  girls  may  yet  prove  use- 
ful beyond  words,  to  both  the  people  and 
the  army. 

This  service  team  of  ten  has  split  into 
two  sections.  Five  of  them  have  gone 
to  the  villages,  and  five  remain  in  the 
town.  Their  enthusiasm  and  practical 
training  has  begun  to  influence  organiza- 
tions and  individuals  in  the  city  and  the 
villages.  .  Through  the  Tangpu,  the 
churches,  the  schools,  they  are  organizing 
service  units  who  will  carry  on  and  ex- 
tend the  work.  It  is  so  easy  to  put  out  a 
I.uge  urn  of  hot  tea  or  cold  boiled  water 
for  passing  troops;  to  sing  a  few  snatches 
of  a  song,  to  wave  an  arm  or  send  a 
smile  in  the  direction  of  the  boys  in  kha- 
ki. The  population  of  towns  and  villages, 
through  which  the  soldiers  pass,  are  help- 
ing to  win  battles  through  their  enthusi- 


asm and  co-operation,  for,  after  all  what 
we  now  have  is  a  Citizen's  Army  march- 
ing to  meet  the  invaders.  The  slogan  of 
the  service  team  is:  "Everybody  Can 
Help."  As  the  same  boys  come  back, 
weary  with    fighting  after  hav^  -ent 

long  weeks  in  the  trenches,  ai  /naps 

wounded,  the  people  of  the  villages  will 
bring  that  rest  and  refreshment  that  will 
soon  send  them  back  to  meet  the  foe  with 
renewed  vigor  and  the  will  to  win. 

New  Life  Movement  service  teams  are 
now  an  active  force  in  successfully  resist- 
ing Japan,  and  in  securing  the  co-opera- 
tion of  all  our  people  in  the  defense  of 
Wuhan.  At  the  same  time,  they  are  keep- 
ing alive  our  national  programme  of  re- 
construction, the  foundation  of  which  is 
the  improvement  of  the  living  conditions 
of  our  people. 
(From  The  People's  Tribune,  Hongkong) 

CHINESE  DISCOVERIES 
AND  INVENTIONS 

(Continued  from  p.  7) 

The  first  daily  published  in  China  is 
the  Chung  Ngoi  San  Pao,  founded  in 
Hong  Kong  in  1858  as  the  Chinese  edi- 
tion of  the  China  Mail,  a  British  publi- 
ation.  The  Chao  Wen  Hsin  Pao,  a  short- 
lived paper  founded  in  Hankow  in  1873 
may  be  considered  the  first  Chinese  owned 
daily.  The  Shun  Pao,  founded  in  Chang- 
hai  in  1872  by  a  Briton,  but  sold  to  the 
Chinese  in  1912,  and  the  Seventy-two 
Guilds  Commercial  Journal,  founded 
more  than  30  years  ago  in  Canton,  repre- 
sent two  of  the  oldest  existing  dailies  up 
to  the  time  of  the  Japanese  invasion  in 
1937. 

References:  Kung-chen  Ko's  "Chung 
Kuo  Pao  Hsieh  Ssu"  (History  of  Chi- 
nese Journalism)  is  a  book  remarkable 
for  its  scope  and  detail.  See  also  "His- 
tory of  Journalism  in  China"  by  Wong 
Flin  in  the  China  Press  Silver  Jubilee 
Edition,  1936,  and  Lin  Yutang's  "A 
History  of  the  Press  and  Public  Opinion 
in  China."  On  Printing:  "Historv  of 
Chinese  Printing,"  and  Thomas  Francis 
Carter:  "The  Invention  of  Printing  in 
China."  o 

OLD  CHINATOWN 

(Continued  from  p.  9) 
operating  company;  it  will  revitalize  trade 
in  Chinatown  as  a  whole;  it  will  be  an 
example  of  what  could  be  done  with 
the  materials  at  hand;  and  most  import- 
ant of  all,  it  will  give  the  younger  gen- 
eration a  chance  to  get  started  in  bus- 
iness and  furnish  employment  for  a 
considerable  number  of  people. 


X£r 


inuory,   1939 


CHINESE     DIGEST 


Page  19 


Vol.  4 


INDEX 


1938 


American    Boy    Who    Become    Chinese    Returns    to 

U.  S.  P.   II.  Feb.,   1938 
An  Evening  in  Cathoy.  P.  11.  Dec,  1938 

B 

Bishop     ot     Honking     Declares     China     Non-com- 
munistic. P.   13.  March.,   1938 

Book   Reviews.  William  Hoy. 

Gate  of  Happy  Sparrows,  The.  P.  8.  Jan.,   1938 
Recent  Books  on  China.  P.   10.  Feb.,  1938 
Page  Confucius.  P.   10.  May,   1938 
Case  Against  Jopan,  The.  P.    12,  Oct,  1938 


California  Chinese  Births  in  1937.  P.  13.  May,  1938 
California    Chinese    Births    &    Death    Rate.    P.    2. 

Dec,   1938 
California   State   Employment   Service   Has  Chinese 

Bronch.  P.  8.  Feb.,   1938 
Cathayans.   Presenting  the.    (Picture)    P.    14.   Nov., 

1938 
Cotholic   Chinese   Mission   Opens   in   Fresno.   P.    12. 
:         June,    1938 
Chien     Pottery    Kilnsite    Re-discovered.     Chingwah 

Lee.   P.    10.   Sept.,   1938 
Chien  Yoo  &  Other  Temmokus.  Chingwah  Lee.    P. 

10.  Oct.,    1938 
China    &  the  World   Youth  Congress.   Lim   P.    Lee. 

P.  8.  Oct.,  1938 
China     Raids    Japan     with     Handbills    as    Suchow 

Falls.  Tsu  Pan.  P.  4.  June,   1938 
China   Takes  Core   of   Her  Wounded  Heroes.   P.  4. 

Oct,   1938 
China's   Plans  for   Resistance  to  Japanese  Aggres- 
sion. Tang  Leang-Li.  P.  4.  Feb.,  1938 
Chinatown    Beautiful    for    1939,    A.    (Editorial)    P. 

2.  Feb.,   1938 
Chinatown  Women  (Editorial)   P.     2,  May,  1938 

Chinatown's   Rice   Bowl    Pageant.   William   Hoy.   P. 

12.  July,   1938 
Chinatown  Needs  Better  Housing.  P.  7.   Dec,    1938 
Chinatowns  in  the  U.  S.  P.  7.  Aug.,   1938 

Chinatown  Launches  a  Jr.   Chamber  of  Commerce. 

i  Editorial)    P.  2.  Sept.,    1938 
Chin   Loin's    Passing.    (Editorial)    P.  2.  Aug.,    1938 
Chinese  Abroad,    Number  of.    P.    18.  Aug.,    1938 
Chinese  Playground  Illuminated.  P.   17.  Aug.,   1938 

Chinese   in   Today's   Aloska   Salmon    Industry.   Fred 

G.  Woo.  P.  7,  Nov.,  1938 
Chinese    Girl    Receives    Notice    in    Students   Who's 

Who.  P.   9.  Aug.,   1938 
Chinese    Invented    Coinage.    Chingwah    Lee.    Jan., 

Feb,   Mar.,  April,    1938 
Chinese  &  Softball.  Hector  Eng.  P.   17.   Mar.,   1938 
Chinese  Deaths  in   S.   F.  in  1937.  P.   15.   Feb.,  1938 

Chinese   Namesake  of   Buffalo  Bill  in  China  Army. 

P.    14.   May,   1938 
Chinese    Village    in    1939    Exposition    (Picture)    P. 

15.  Apr.l,   1938 
Chinese   Women    in    S.    F.   Jane   Kwong    Lee.    P.   8. 

June,    1938 
Chinese  in   Tucson,  Arizona.   May  Y.  Tom.  Feb.  & 

Mar.,    1938 
Chinese   Coal   Miners  of  Wyoming.   Eddie  Jung.   P. 

8.  May,   1938 
Chinese    Local    of    I.L.G.W.U.     Organized.    P.    15. 

Mar.,    1938 
Chinese    Youths   Aided    by    Public    Appeal.    P.    13. 

April,    1938 
Chinese  Students  in  U.  S.  1937-38.  P.  9.  June,  1938 
Coins  Minted  for  China.   P.  7.  July,   1938 

Chung  Mei   Home   Now  Has  Gateway.  P.   13.  Mar., 

1  '■  1 : 


Debt  Repaid,  A.   P.   12,  Feb.,   1938 


Economic  Boycott  as  an   Instrument  of  Policy.  Lim 

P.  Lee.  P.  10.  Mar.,  1938 
Eng,  Hector.  See  Chinese  and  Softball. 


Fabricated  Ceramic  Ornamentation.  Chingwah  Lee. 

June  &  July,  1938 
Facts  About  Communism  in  China.  April,  May,  1938 
Federation  of  Youth    (Editorial)    P.    2.  April,    1938 

Fong,    Ruby   B.  See  Sacramento   Chinese  Active   in 

Relief  During   Past  Year. 
Fong  Sec   Dies   in  Shanghai.  P.   13.  Nov.,   1938 


"Good  Earth"  Novel  Wins  1938  Nobel  Prize.  P.  12. 
Dec,   1938 

Grass  Valley's  Chinatown  Soon  to  Disappear.  Wil- 
liam Hoy.  P.  12.  Sept.,    1938 

Grass  Valley's  Chinatown — A  Postscript.  William 
Hoy.  P.   12.  Oct.,   1938 


H 
Hall,  Mae.  See   How  One  Girl  Raised  Relief   Fund. 

Harding  Wong   Wins   Laurel  as  Hair  Stylist,  tdfjar 

Lee.   P.    15.  Feb.,    1938 
Hawaiian    Born   Chinese   Serves   China   &   America. 

P.    13.  Jan.,   1938 
Heap   Good   No.    1    Cook:    Lowrence  Wong.    P.    14, 

Mar.,   1938 
History  of  Chinese  in   America   Needed.   Chingvah 

Lee.  P.  10.  Aug.,  1938 
History    of   Occult   Arts    in    China.   Chingwah   Lee. 

P.  8.  Nov.,  1938 
Hoy,  William.   See  Book  Reviews;  Chinatown's  Rice 

Bowl   Pageant;  Grass  Valley's  Chinatown  Soon 

to    Disappear;    Grass    Valley's    Chinatown — A 

Postscript. 
How  One  Girl  Raised   Refugee  Relief  Fund.  P.    15. 

May,  1938 


Joe    Shoong,     Philanthropist.     P.    2     (supplement) 
Feb.,    1938 

Jung,  Eddie.  See  Chinese  Coal  Miners  of  Wyoming. 


Korean  Patriot.  P.  3    April,  1938 

Kuomintang    in    U.    S.     Undergoes    Re-adjustment. 

P.   12.  Jan.,  1938 


Labor  Strike  in  Chinatown.  P.  10.  April,   1938 

Lee,  Chingwah.  See  Chinese  Invented  Coinage; 
Reflections  on  Some  Literary  Reforms;  Fabri- 
cated Ceramic  Ornamentation;  History  of  Chi- 
nese in  America  Needed;  Chien  Pottery  Kiln- 
site  Re-discovered;  Chien  Yao  and  Other  Tem- 
mokus;  History  of  Occult  Arts  in   China. 

Lee,  Jane  Kwong.  See  Chinese  Women  in  S.F. 

Lee,  Lim  P.  See  S.  F.  Chinatown's  Social  Problems; 

Economic   Boycott  as  an   Instrument  of  Policy; 

S.   F.   Chinatown's  Labor  Problems;  China  and 

the  World   Youth   Congress. 

Let's   Build  o   Hotel   for  Women.    (Editorial)    P.  3 

Oct.,    1938 
Leung,    Louise.   See   Los   Angeles   Chinese   to   Send 

Xmos   Money   to    Chino. 
Lin,   M.    Hsitien.    See    Polemic   Between    Science   & 

Philosophy,  The 
Lum,   Dr.  Kalfred   Dip.  See   Hawaiian   Born  Chinese 

Serves  America  &  China. 


Mississippi  Chinese  at   Last  Have  Own   School.   P. 

12.  April,  1938 


N 

New  Chinatowns  Open  in  Los  Angeles.  P.  12.  Aug., 

1938 
No    Juvenile    Delinquency    Among    N.    Y.    Chinese. 

P.  19.  Aug.,  1938 


Old  Time  Servant  of  Senator  Passes  On.  P.  12.  Nov., 

1938 
One   Year   of   the   Undeclared   Sino-Japanese  War. 

Tsu  Pan.  P.  14.  Aug.,  1938 


Po-Dai  System  Must  Go,  The.  (Editorial)  P.  2. 
Oct.,   1938 

Poems  of  War  Penned  by  2  American  Born  Chi- 
nese. P.  11.  Feb.,  1938 

Polemic  Between  Science  &  Philosophy,  The.  M. 
Hsitien  Lin.  P.  8,  Dec,  1938 

Portland  Chinese  Organizes  Civic  Group.  P.  17. 
Aug.,   1938 


Recipes — 

Gai  Jook.   P.   5.  Jan.,    1938 

Jumbo  Shrimps  with  Tomato  Sauce.  P.  9.  Feb., 

1938 

Sook  Mai  Yuk.  P.  5.  April,  1938 

Har  Yuk  Won  Ton.  P.  10.  June,   1938 

Yueng  Lott  Jil.  P.  8.  July,   1938 

Foo  Yung  Har.   P.  8.  Sept.,  1938 

Facts  About  Chinese  Cookery.  P.  6.  Oct.,  1938 

Stuffed   Mushrooms    with   Pork   &    Ham.   P.  6. 

Dec,  1938 
Reflections   on   Some    Literary    Reforms.   Chingwah 

Lee.  P.  6.  May,  1938 


Sacramento  Chinese  Active  in    Relief   During   Past 

Year.  Ruby  B.  Fong.  P.  10.  Nov.,  1938 
S.    F.    Chinatown's    Labor    Problems.    Lim    P.    Lee. 

July,  Aug.,  Sept.,  1938 
S.    F.    Chinatown's    Social    Problems.    Lim    P.    Lee. 

Jan.,    Feb.,   1938 
Senator    Gets    Annual    Gift    From    Chinese.    P.    8. 

Jan.,    1938 
Sino-Japanese  Relations  Reviewed.  E.  Krueger.  Jan., 

Feb.,   1938 
Sino-Japanese  "War"  in  S.  F.  Bay.  Tsu  Pan.  P.   11. 

May,  1938 


Talc   of  Two  Cities,  Canton  &   Hankow.  Tsu  Pan. 

P.  4.   Nov.,    1938 
Tang   Leang-Li.   See   China's   Plans   for   Resistance 

to  Japanese  Aggression. 
Tom,  May  Y.  See  Chinese  in  Tucson,  Arizona. 

Tsu  Pan.  See  Sino-Japanese  War  in  S.  F.  Bay; 
China  Raids  Japan  with  Handbills  as  Suchow 
Falls;  One  Year  of  the  Undeclared  Sino-Japa- 
nese War;  Tale  of  Two  Cities — Canton  & 
Hankow. 

Tuberculosis  Among  Chinese  in  Hawaii.  P.  14. 
June,  1938 

W 

What  is  the  Chinese  Digest?  (Editorial)  P.  2,  Jan., 
1938 

Witness  Becomes  the  Accused,  A.  P.  11.  Nov.,  1938 

Wong,  Henry  K.   P.   15.  Mar.,  1938 

Woo,  Fred  G.  See  Chinese  in  Today's  Alaska  Sal- 
mon Industry. 


Sec.  562,  P.  L  b  R. 
Return  Postoge  Guoronteed 

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Vol.  6,  No.  2,  3  April-June,  July-September,  1940 


Contents 


With  the  Editor 

Dedication 

China,  Mother  of  Moderns 


Chinese  Artists  in  California 
Aquatic  Park — Its  Chinese  Background 
The  Romance  of  China  Tea 
Reflections  on  "Moment  in  Peking"    . 


By  Mark  Daniels 

By  S.  MacDonald  Wright 

By  Nan  King 

By  P.  E.  Witham 

By  William  Hoy 


Album  of  Water  Colors 

How  Ko  Kei-Fung  Collection  Was  Brought  to  America     . 

Ko  Kei-Fung's  Technique  and  Style 

Biography  of  Ko  Kei-Fung 

The  Dynamic  Art  of  Painting 

By  Ko  Kei-Fung 

The  Philosophy  of  Ko  Kei-Fung 

By  Chingwah  Lee 


12 


13 


17 

19 
22 
24 
27 

30 


WILLIAM  HOY,  Associate  Editor 

LIM  P.  LEE,  Promotion  Manager 
PATRICK  SUN,  Research  Editor 
KING  W.  LEE,  Treasurer 


CHINGWAH    LEE,    Editor 


SHAO-CHANG   LEE,   Associate  Editor 

WALLACE  H.  FONG,  Photograph  Editor 
SAMUEL   D.   LEE,  Research   Editor 
LETITIA   FARBER,    Legal    Advisor 


H.  K.  WONG   and  DAVISSON   LEE,   News  Supplement  Feature  Writers 

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Announcement 

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liam Hoy,  and  Professor  Shao  Chang  Lee,  and  Hon.  Pi-chi  Sun. 

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THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


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The  Chinese  Digest  is  now  a  quarterly!  It  will  come  out  each  January,  April, 
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The  change  into  a  quarterly  does  not  entirely  solve  our  financial  problem 
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volunteer  worker  for  her  service  as  Managing  Editor  of  the  January  issue  as  we!! 
as  for  her  work  in  connection  with  the  promotion  campaign. 

We  are  heartened  by  the  many  enthusiastic  responses  to  the  new  Chinese 
Digest.  Letters,  articles,  and  contributions  poured  in  from  all  over,  including 
Hawaii  and  China.  We  wish  it  possible  to  thank  everyone  and  to  publish  in  this 
issue  some  of  the  letters  received.  At  present  we  must  at  least  acknowledge  the 
special  and  generous  aid  of  Anna  T.  Croughwell  and  Alice  Fong  of  the  Commodore 
Stockton  School;  Katherine  Ball,  well-known  author  and  art  critic;  Margaret  M. 
Whitney,  California  Publisher;  Nathan  Bentz,  art  connoisseur;  Sidney  Franklin, 
producer  and  director  at  the  Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer  Studio;  Albert  Lewin,  producer 
at  Paramount  Studio;  and  Frank  Marcus,  business  executive  of  San  Francisco. 

This  writer  wishes  to  express  his  personal  loss  with  the  passing  of  the  late  Otto 
Bentz.  For  the  past  ten  years  he  has  been  my  guide  and  teacher  in  the  study  of 
Chinese  art,  and  he,  together  with  his  brothers,  Nathan  and  Philip,  have  been 
supporting  the  Chinese  Digest  since  its  inception. 


L*- — «- — 4 — « — * — * — « — * — *- — * — S- — 4— ^H-H-^H-H~H-^-H-^^^^^H-^H-^--i~«~«---t-     -     - 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


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This  issue  of   the  Chinese  Digest  is  dedicated  to   the   memory  of  the  late 

Otto  !Bzntz 
lover  of  humanity,  and  of  all  that  is  kind,  sincere,  and  beautiful. 
Mr.  Bentz  is  recognized  as  among  the  greatest  authorities  on  Chinese  art  in  America. 
He  studied  Chinese  art  for  years  in  the  Orient  as  well  as  among  the  art  centers  of 
the  West.  He  stayed  in  Peking  during  the  time  of  China's  national  upheavel, 
thus  gaining  access  to  many  princely  private  collections.  He  covered  the  museums 
of  Europe  and  America,  making  a  survey  of  Chinese  art  objects  in  the  West.  His 
last  pilgrimage  was  to  the  International  Art  Exhibit  at  the  Burlington  House  in 
London. 

The  endeavor  of  this  humble  savant  has  brought  Chinese  art  and  lore  close  to 
the  hearts  of  thousands  in  the   West. 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


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CHINA    TWotkoi 


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Mark  Daniels,  A. I. A. 

Contrary  to  the  popular  misconception  that  the 
modern  steel  frame  structure  is  predicated  upon  a 
development  of  the  past  50  or  60  years,  the  funda- 
mental principle  of  carrying  loads  on  a  frame  inde- 
pendent of  walls  is  some  two  thousand  years  old. 

In  the  approved  method  of  our  modern  steel 
frame  structure,  the  structure  is  erected  as  a  steel 
frame  of  posts  or  columns  and  beams  or  trusses.  The 
walls  and  partitions  are  then  filled  in  to  inclose  the 
rooms.  They  do  not  function  as  load  carriers.  The 
supporting  elements  are  the  members  of  the  steel 
frame. 

In  the  same  manner  and  on  exactly  the  same 
principle  the  Chinese  for  scores  of  generations  have 
built  their  houses  and  temples.  The  columns  are  set, 
the  beams  are  placed,  and  the  purlins  put  in  place  to 
carry  roof  loads.  When  the  frame  is  completed  the 
walls  are  filled  in,  structurally  independent  of  the 
frame.  These  walls,  literally  curtain  walls  carrying 
no  load,  can  be  knocked  out,  as  they  frequently  are 
to  make  changes,  and  the  main  structure  will  still 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


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ennA 


by 

Mark  Daniels,  A. I. A. 

From  the  California  Arts  and  Architecture 


stand.  In  this  respect  we  have  finally  caught  up  with 
the  Chinese.  In  many  other  respects,  particularly 
philosophy,  we  still  trail  them. 

One  particular  in  which  we  lag  behind  the  Chinese 
in  their  Ancient-Moderne  is  the  principle  of  using 
this  same  structural  frame  system  to  constitute  its  own 
decorative  design.  The  so-called  new  school  of  the 
moderns  aim  at  letting  the  frank  expression  of  func- 
tional members  perform  the  double  duty  of  working 
members  and  elements  of  decoration.  In  this  we  are 
far  behind  the  Chinese.  Their  columns,  purlins, 
beams,  corbels  and  brackets,  while  performing  essen- 
tial services,  are  so  arranged  as  to  develop  some  of 
the  most  beautiful  interiors  in  the  world.  True,  they 
are  decorated  with  symbolical  figures  and  colors  which, 
with  the  exception  of  the  symbolism,  we  still  do. 

The  first  line  of  radical  departure  of  the  occi- 
dental from  the  oriental  type  of  architecture  is  in  the 
roof.  There  is  no  remote  similarity  between  them  but 
there  is  hope  that  we  may  some  day  introduce  a 
modicum  of  the  beauty  of  the  Chinese  roof  in  our 
own.  Not  that  we  aspire  to  the  flaring  lines  of  the 
Szechuan  style  but  rather  to  the  attainment  of  more 
movement  and  beauty  in  the  abstract. 

Just  how  modern  is  modern?  The  first  brick 
house  of  record  was  built  in  China  in  1818  B.  C.    The 


M~m 


first  use  of  the  compass  is  attributed  to  the  Duke  of 
Chou  in  the  12th  century  B.  C.  The  low,  flat,  open- 
spandrelled  arch  bridge  at  Chao  Hsien  was  built  in 
the  6th  century  A.  D.  First  of  its  type,  it  still  stands 
as  a  monument  of  grace  and  beauty — in  China, 
Mother  of  Moderns. 


The  above  introductory  article  to  a  series  on  Chi- 
nese architecture  will  also  serve  to  introduce  the 
writer  of  the  series,  Mr.  Mark  Daniels,  well-known 
architect  and  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  China  Cul- 
tural Society  of  America.  Ever  since  a  lad  in  his 
teens  Mr.  Daniels  has  studied  the  art  and  customs  of 
the  Chinese,  and  he  is  among  the  first  to  point  out  that 
western  painters  from  the  Flemish  masters  to  our 
modern  artists  have  leaned  heavily  on  Chinese  art 
for  inspiration.  The  "Still  Life"  by  Jan  Steen  (1620- 
1679  A.  D.)  for  example,  shows  a  Ming  Dynasty 
pah  hsien  bowl  alongside  a  cut  lemon  and  a  Nautalis 
cup.  Whistler's  earliest  work  is  "Die  Lange  Leizen, 
of  the  Six  Marks"  showing  a  Chinese  girl  painting 
a  porcelain  vase.  (Lange  Leizen  or  "Tall  Elizabeth" 
is  a  Dutch  term  for  any  of  the  slender  girls  such  as 
are  found  painted  on  porcelain,  and  "Six  Marks" 
refer  to  the  well-known  six  characters  found  on  the 
bottom  of  most  of  the  better  Chinese  porcelains.)  In 
fact,  the  earliest  appearance  of  modern  tendencies  in 
applied  art  would  seem  to  have  occurred  at  Paris 
when  such  artists  as  Whistler,  Tissot,  Manet,  Fantin- 
Latour,  Degas,  Carolus  Duran,  Monet,  Solon,  Jac- 


quemart,  Barbedienne,  etc.,  inspired  by  the  porcelain, 
lacquers,  prints,  cloisonnes,  bronzes,  and  other  Orien- 
tal objects  of  art  at  the  "Porte  Chinoise"  (a  shop 
which  opened  on  the  Rue  de  Rivoli  in  1862)  proceeded 
to  produce  new  types  of  arts  and  crafts. 

Mr.  Daniels,  together  with  such  pioneers  as  Frank 
Lloyd  Wright,  Le  Corbusier,  Paul  Frankl,  Gertrude 
Brooks,  Murphy  Smith,  Edwyn  Hunt,  and  Rudolph 
Schaeffer  are  busy  today  in  creating  modern,  restful 
interiors  which,  bridged  by  interiors  found  in  Nara 
and  Szechuan,  may  be  traced  back  to  the  T'angs, 
twelve  hundred  years  ago.  These  interiors  carry  such 
"modern"  fundamentals  as  (1)  subordination  of  the 
decoration  of  the  room  to  the  form  of  the  whole  room, 
avoiding  especially  grotesque  furniture  and  cluttering 
knickknacks,  (2)  harmonious  surfaces  and  simplicity 
of  planes,  resulting  in  spacious  blank  walls  and  em- 
phasis on  the  beauty  of  such  natural  textures  as  are 
found  on  unpainted  wood,  pongee,  old  bronzes,  etc., 
(3)  emphasis  on  the  horizontal  as  against  the  vertical 
lines,  resulting  in  restfulness,  and  (4)  the  blending  of 
the  interior  with  the  exterior  garden  or  landscape  as 
captured  by  a  window  or  an  opened  door  or  partition. 

Mr.  Daniels,  recently  commissioned  to  offer  suit- 
able plans  for  the  Federal  low-cost  housing  units  in 
Chinatown,  submitted  plans  which  revolved  around 
the  novel  idea  of  using  Tibetan  architectural  form — 
essentially  a  blending  of  Chinese  structure  with  mod- 
ern skyscrapers. 


Empress  Dowager's   Edifice 


— Courtesy,  White  Bros. 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


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"Mother  and  Child,"  by  Milton  Quon 

Being  situated  as  we  are,  a  cordial  gateway  to 
the  Orient,  it  is  not  surprising  to  find  working 
throughout  California  many  Chinese  artists.  Most 
of  our  Orientals  who  have  devoted  their  lives  to  cre- 
ative, graphic  expression  are  American  citizens,  and 
in  some  instances  they  have  put  aside  their  own  mag- 
nificent positions  which  extend  back  to  2700  B.  C. 
to  attempt  a  vision  of  the  world  through  eyes  that 
have  become  almost,  but  not  quite,  occidentalized. 
On  the  other  hand,  numbers  of  these  painters  feeling 
that  generations  of  a  certain  parti  pris  cannot  be  cast 
aside,  have  retained  to  a  great  extent  their  racial  view; 
and  have  combined  many  elements  of  occidental  art 
with  certain  aspects  of  this  older  culture. 

The  outstanding  example  of  the  first  group  is 
Gilbert  Leung,  who  studied  hard  for  years  in  the 
classical  tradition  and  has  produced  some  excellent 
sculpture,  which  only  dimly,  if  at  all,  recalls  in  any 
way  the  classical  work  of  his  own  country. 

"Eucalyptus,"  by  Jade  Fon 


by 
S.  MAC  DONALD  WRIGHT 

Well-known  Painter  and  Connoisseur  of  Oriental  Art; 
Co-founder  Parisian  Synchronist  Movement 


Keye  Luke,  an  artist  of  extraordinary  capability, 
has  supplanted  the  Chinese  brush  by  pen  and  ink  and 
through  line  has  approximated  the  work  of  former 
generations  of  Cathay,  which  he  knows  and  loves  so 
well.  Jade  Fon  is  equally  adept  in  protraying  in  vivid 
and  glowing  water  colors  the  "American  Scene"  and 
subjects  loved  by  Chinese  artists.  Tyrus  Wong  has 
adhered  straightly  to  his  own  tradition  and  his  paint- 
ings of  "Lohan,"  "Landscape,"  and  "Birds  and 
Beasts"  are  carried  out  with  the  ancient  brush  in 
elusive  tone  and  line. 

Milton  Quon,  S.  Cheung  Lee,  Dong  Kingman, 
especially  the  last  named,  while  retaining  some  of  the 
sensitivity  to  Eastern  landscape  tonalities,  have  been 
definitely  influenced  by  the  contemporary  school.  All 
of  these  men  have  a  definite  ability  to  handle  a  brush, 
no  matter  in  what  medium,  for  this  ability  only  with 
difficulty  is  bred  out  of  a  race  brought  up  in  the 
manipulation  of  so  fundamental  an  instrument  of 
expression.  Whether  Mr.  Kingman  produces  land- 
scapes done  at  twilight  with  the  quality  of  a  Whistler, 
or  whether  he  is  handling  brilliant  watercolors  in 
painting  the  shipping  of  San  Francisco  harbor,  that 
facility  and  mastery  of  technique  are  always  evident. 

I  believe  that  as  there  is  a  closer  communication 
between  the  Orient  and  California,  more  and  more, 

An  Oil  by   Chee   Chin  S.    Cheung    Lee 


-^Mwul*^ 


"Portsmouth  Squore  in   Chinatown,"  by   Stella   Wong 


we  here  in  America  will  begin  to  appreciate  the  sub- 
tleties and  excellencies  of  Oriental  work.  We  have 
much  to  learn  from  them.  Our  extraversion  has  not 
been  a  salutary  thing  for  our  art,  in  placing  too  much 
emphasis  on  objectivity  and  on  political  dadaism, 
whether  they  derive  from  New  York  or  Mexico,  we 
have  lost  a  precious  quality  which  is  really  indigeneous 
to  the  great  painters  of  our  own  country.  Once  a 
sensitive  artist  here  has  been  "exposed"  to  the  impli- 


"The  Chinese  Six  Companies,"  by  Dong  Kingman 

cations  of  Oriental  art,  he  can  never  again  conceive  of 
graphic  expression  in  quite  the  same  way.  Oriental 
art  throws  them  back  upon  themselves  and  brings  to 
the  surface  those  qualities  which  are  the  opposite  of 
transient  and  it  is  this  quality  that  Oriental  art  so 
beautifully  expresses. 

The  future  of  these  Oriental  artists?  We  may  as 
well  ask  the  future  of  our  own  artists.  One  thing  we 
may  be  sure  of,  however,  and  this  is  that  in  an  age 
where  a  great  deal  of  attention — too 
much  attention — is  being  paid  to  the 
aspects  of  a  philosophical  world  and  to 
the  aspects  of  pressing  economical 
trends,  the  presence  in  our  midst  of 
such  men  as  these  named  cannot  but 
be  salutary  for  our  own  spirits. 

(Editor's  Note:  Lack  of  space  pre- 
vents us  from  giving  in  this  issue  a  de- 
scription of  the  work  of  such  well- 
known  artists  as  Chang  Kuan-Yo 
(adopted  daughter  of  the  late  Ko  Kei- 
fung),  Eva  Chin,  Stella  Wong.  Tse 
Wing  Oy,  James  Lee,  S.  B.  Wong,  Wu 
Wai  Kee,  David  Chun,  and  Jack  Won. 
We  will  present  the  work  of  some  of 
them  in  future  numbers  of  the  Chini  m 
Digest.) 


To  dwell  in  the  wide  house  of  the 
world;  to  stand  in  true  attitude  therein; 
to  walk  in  the  wide  part  of  men;  in 
success,  to  share  one's  principles  with 
the  people;  in  failure,  to  live  them  out 
alone;  to  be  incorruptible  by  riches  or 
honors,  unchangeable  by  poverty,  un- 
moved by  perils  or  power — these  I  count 
the  qualities  of  a  great  man. — MenctUS, 
371  B.  C. 

"Nude,"  by  George  Chon 


Pen  and    Ink   of 
"Mother  and  Child,' 
Keye  Luke 


by 


All  illustrations  of 
Mr.  S.   MacDonald   Wright's 
article  ore  by  special 
permission  of  the  California 
Arts  and  Architecture   Magazine 


11 


^uatlc  (Pank  .  .  . 


Its  Chinese  Background 


By  NAN  KING 


Back  of  the  modern  structure  recently  added  to 
San  Francisco's  playland,  Aquatic  Park,  and  around 
that  area,  stands  a  romantic  picture  of  the  past,  with 
golden  threads  of  sentiment  woven  through  the  entire 
pattern. 

Its  history  is  closely  woven  with  that  of  the 
Chinese  for  it  was  here,  in  1859,  that  much  of  the 
early  sentiment  against  Chinese  labor  began. 

It  was  in  that  year  the  Pioneer  Columbia  Woolen 
Mills  were  opened,  and  largely  manned  by  Chinese 
labor,  putting  out  the  first  textiles  to  be  manufactured 
in  California,  with  the  exception  of  those  woven  by 
the  Indians  in  the  Missions.  Two  high  and  extremely 
narrow  bunk  houses  built  upon  pilings  over  the  water 
housed  the  Orientals  until  the  mill  closed  in  1883. 

Picture  these  Orientals,  speaking  but  a  few  words 
of  English,  dressed  in  the  much-laundered  blue  denim 
overalls  and  jumper,  with  trousers  rolled  to  the  knees, 
queues  flapping  in  the  winds  or  coiled  under  huge 
umbrella-like  hats  of  split  cane,  wading  knee  deep  in 
an  opaque  sea,  and  one  has  a  picture  of  the  manner 
in  which  the  first  textiles  were  handled. 

It  is  said  the  Chinese  themselves  devised  the  idea 
of  setting  the  color  of  the  dyes  by  emersing  them  in 
the  salt  water  of  the  Bay.  At  any  rate,  long  ramps 
of  redwood  logs  were  constructed  from  the  mill  to  the 
water's  edge.  When  a  batch  of  wool  was  run  through 
the  dye  vats  it  was  then  run  down  this  ramp  and 
thoroughly  washed  in  the  salt  water. 

At  such  times  the  entire  surroundings  took  on  the 
color  of  the  dye.  Some  days  the  beach  would  be  a 
brilliant  green,  some  days  red,  black  or  brown  and 
remain  so  for  several  hours,  until  the  tides  changed 
and  the  beach  was  washed  clean.  Shells,  driftwood, 
rocks  and  sand  took  on  the  color  of  the  dyes,  some 
of  them  absorbing  parts  of  all  the  colors,  making 
the  beach  at  this  point  resemble  a  rare  tapestry  or 
painting.  When  excavation  for  the  present  park  was 
begun  these  ramps  were  found  to  be  in  a  fair  state 
of  preservation,  after  eighty  years  in  salt  water. 


12 


When  the  fire  of  1906  left  Chinatown  a  smoul- 
dering ruin  much  of  the  debris  was  taken  to  the 
beach  and  dumped,  much  of  it  going  into  the  bay 
near  the  present  site  of  the  park,  completely  changing 
the  shore  line  at  this  point  by  filling  in  three  square 
blocks.  This  dumping  ground  was  found  to  be  a 
veritable  gold  mine.  Many  persons  walking  along 
that  part  of  the  beach  would  see  a  shining  object  and 
what  was  believed  to  be  a  colored  stone  often  turned 
out  to  be  a  gold  watch,  diamond  ring,  piece  of  jade; 
all  manner  of  jewelry  was  washed  upon  the  sands. 

WPA  workers  also  came  in  for  their  share  when 
excavating  for  the  present  seawall  of  the  park.  Old 
Spanish  coins,  as  well  as  those  of  other  nations,  in- 
cluding our  own,  found  their  way  into  WPA  family 
coffers.  Some  thought  these  to  have  been  washed 
ashore  from  sunken  ships  but  it  is  known  that  some 
of  them  were  Chinese  in  character  and  it  is  quite 
probable  that  all  of  these  trinkets  and  coins  came  from 
the  tills  of  Chinatown  which  had  found  their  way 
into  the  dumps.  The  acquisitive  Chinese  of  that  era 
had  been  known  to  exchange  the  wares  of  the  Orient 
for  the  coins  and  keepsakes  of  all  nations,  as  each 
sailor  and  traveler  visiting  the  port  carried  to  his 
homeland  a  souvenir  of  San  Francisco's  Chinatown, 
often  leaving  in  exchange  some  trophy  he  had  carried 
around  the  world  or  the  coins  of  a  foreign  realm. 


Observe  a  man's  actions;  scrutinize  his  motives; 
take  note  of  the  things  that  give  him  pleasure.  How 
then  can  he  hide  from  you  what  he  really  is? — Con- 
fucius, 551  B.  C. 


The  superior  man  seeks  what  he  wants  in  himself; 
the  inferior  man  seeks  all  that  he  wants  from  others. 
— Confucius,  551  B.  C. 


Is  not  he  a  sage  who  neither  anticipates  deceit 
nor  suspects  bad  faith  in  others,  yet  is  prompt  to 
detect  them  when  they  appear? — Confucius.  551  B.  C. 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


v& 


■+/*&' 


The    Romance 


Oi   China    Hea 

By  P.  E.  WITHAM 

Tea  Adviser  to  the  Chinese  Government 

This  article  is  a  digest  of  a  recent  talk  on  tea  over  Station 

ZBW  of  Hong  Kong 


"The  Good   Earth" 
ond  a  Tea  Plant. 

Executed    by    Gilbert 
Leung  in  terra  cotta. 


The  origin  of  tea  as  a  beverage  is  unknown  and 
is  purely  a  matter  of  speculation  based  upon  the 
ancient  traditions  of  China,  India,  and  Japan.  Each 
of  these  three  countries  has  a  separate  story.  China 
claims  that  the  discovery  must  be  attributed  to  the 
Emperor  Sheng  Nung  in  B.  C.  2737.  .  .  .  Apart  from 
all  mythical  traditions,  there  seems  to  be  no  doubt 
that  the  Shan  tribes  on  the  Yunnan-Burma  border 
and  the  Nagas  of  the  Patkoi  Mountains  between 
Burma  and  Assam  knew  all  about  the  properties  of 
the  tea  plant.  Wild  tea,  in  the  natural  form  of  trees, 
has  been  growing  in  these  regions  for  centuries. 

In  the  eighth  century  tea  drinking  had  become 
prevalent  all  over  China,  though  Yunnan  and  Sze- 
chwan  were  the  first  two  provinces  to  start  it.  In  the 
year  780  A.  D.  a  certain  eminent  writer,  Lu  Yu,  was 
commissioned  by  various  Chinese  tea  merchants  to 
write  a  treatise  on  tea.  This  book  was  called  "Cha 
Ching."  We  may  consider  this  to  be  the  first  piece 
of  propaganda  on  the  part  of  the  tea  trade,  a  business 
which  has  expanded  down  the  years  until,  at  present, 
the  International  Tea  Committee  spends  £400,000 
annually  on  tea  propaganda. 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


It  is  believed  that  the  first  consignment  of  tea 
reached  Europe  from  China  in  a  cargo  for  Holland 
in  1610.  This  was  exported  from  Macao.  In  1618, 
the  first  tea  caravan  reached  Russia  by  the  overland 
route.  By  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century,  tea 
was  being  sold  in  London  in  a  coffee  house  belonging 
to  a  certain  Thomas  Garraway.  In  1660  Samuel 
Pepys  recorded  his  first  cup.  In  1681  the  East  India 
Company  gave  orders  to  their  agents  in  China  for  a 
regular  supply  for  the  London  market,  the  price  being 
about  12  -  to  13  -  per  pound. 

By  the  period  of  the  Napoleonic  wars  the  price  of 
tea  in  London  was  about  5/-  per  pound.  This  high 
cost  induced  a  great  amount  of  smuggling.  In  1833, 
the  monopoly  over  tea  enjoyed  by  the  East  India  Com- 
pany was  ended  by  Act  of  Parliament  and  this  led  to 
a  large  proportion  of  the  trade  from  China  passing 
into  the 
hands  of 
American 
ships,  and 
the  com- 
mencement 
of  the 
building  of 
the  famous 
tea  clip- 
pers. In  re- 
taliation, 
British 
firms  also 
laid  down 
tea  clip- 
pers, the 
first  being 
the  "Storn- 
oway"  built 
in  1849  by 
Messrs. 


Lu   Yu,  author  of  Chia  Ching  or  the  Classic 
on  Tea   (780  A.  D.) 


(Continued  on  p.  33) 


13 


Reflections  on 
Lin  Yutang 


in. 


(Pakl 


by   WILLIAM  HOY 


incj 


(  (Author's   Note: 

The  following  is 
not    intended    as    a 
review    of    "Moment 
in     Peking,"     as     ade- 
quate   reviews    of    this    book 
have  already  appeared  in  various  American 
publications  during  the  past  three  months.     It  is 
merely  a  series  of  random   thoughts  intended  to  serve 
as  a  partial  appraisal  of  this  much  talked  about  novel.) 


Basically,  "Moment  in  Peking"  is  the  story  of 
three  higher  class  Chinese  families  whose  destinies  are 
intertwined,  each  to  the  other,  first  by  the  ties  of 
friendship,  then  by  the  closer  bonds  of  marriage.  The 
period   is   between    1900    and    1938 — most   dramatic 


understanding  of  the  inter-play  of  social  forces  in  a 
changing  order  makes  "Moment  in  Peking"  a  novel 
of  the  social  scene  which  is  panoramic  in  its  scope 
and  thoroughly  Chinese  in  essence  and  spirit.  Thus 
it  fulfills  several  of  the  major  requirements  necessary 
to  stamp  the  work  as  a  great  piece  of  imaginative 
literature,  contemporary  or  otherwise. 

Whether  consciously  or  not  Lin  Yutang  has  con- 
structed his  story  after  the  pattern  of  "Red  Chamber 
Dream,"  (Hung  Lou  Meng)  greatest  of  all  Chinese 
novels,  written  in  the  18th  century.  Conceived  as  a 
love  story,  "Red  Chamber  Dream"  in  its  telling  be- 
came a  vivid  story  of  Chinese  family  life,  shot  through 
with  humor,  pathos,  compassion,  and  understanding. 
Vivid,  too,  is  i:s  delineation  of  characters,  and  this  is 
a  feat  in  itself  since  this  novel  contains  no  less  than 
400  characters.  As  a  document  of  the  social  scene, 
"Red  Chamber  Dream"  is  the  only  Chinese  novel 
which  can  stand  comparison  with  works  of  the  same 
category  in  European  literature,  past  and  present.  The 


years  in  modern  China's  history,  years  fraught  with  human  quality  of  this  story  touches  the  note  of  uni- 
versality; and  it  is  timeless,  as  fresh  in  its  reading 
today  as  when  it  was  first  written  two  centuries  ago. 

Besides  its  story  structure,  there  is  another  point 
cf  resemblance  between  "Moment  in  Peking"  and 
"Red  Chamber  Dream."  This  has  to  do  with  the 
choice  of  two  of  the  main  feminine  characters  upon 
whom  a  greater  part  of  the  story  revolves.  The 
heroines  of  "Moment  in  Peking"  are  Mulan  and  Mo- 
chow,  two  sisters  who  are  both  beautiful  and  talented. 
Mulan  is  impulsive,  idealistic,  charming,  whereas  Mo- 
chow  is  practical,  steady,  and  understanding.  And 
both  of  them  strangely  resemble  Taiyu  and  Paots'a, 
the  heroines  of  "Red  Chamber  Dream."  Mulan  is 
akin,  to  Taiyu,  for  the  latter,  besides  being  beautiful 
also,  is  romantic  and  impulsive  in  nature.  Mochow 
resembles  Paots'a,  for  the  latter  is  quietly  practical, 
understanding  and  s'eady  in  her  loyalty. 

There  is  a  little  literary  game  in  China,  designed 
to  find  out  a  person's  temperament,  which  consists  in 


social,  political  and  cultural  changes  the  far-reaching 
effects  of  which  are  still  to  be  gauged  because  the 
changes  are  continuing,  and,  at  this  moment,  are 
intensified  by  Japanese  invasion.  And  the  tale  itself 
in  its  general  idea  is  expressed  in  the  author's  short 
preface  wherein  he  said:  "It  is  merely  a  story  of  how 
men  and  women  in  the  contemporary  era  grow  up 
and  learn  to  live  with  one  another,  how  they  love 
and  hate  and  quarrel  and  forgive  and  suffer  and 
enjoy,  how  certain  habits  of  living  and  ways  of  think- 
ing are  formed,  and  how,  above  all,  they  adjust  them- 
selves to  the  circumstances  in  this  earthly  life  where 
men  strive  but  the  gods  rule." 

In  the  hand  of  a  lesser  writer  this  story  might  have 
been  a  very  good  novel,  full  of  drama  and  color  and 
movement — and  nothing  more.  In  the  hand  of  Lin 
Yutang  "Moment  in  Peking"  emerged  as  one  of  the 
finest,  if  not  one  of  the  great,  novels  of  contemporary 
world  literature.  His  literary  artistry,  the  calm  beauty 


of  his  prose,  his  insight  into  human  nature,  and  his      asking  whether  one  likes  Taiyu  or  Paots'a  best.  (This 


14 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


X*r 


"' .  ■ 


game  is  also  described  in  "Moment  in  Pe- 
king.") If  one  prefers  Taiyu,  he  is  without 
doubt  an  idealist,  but  if  one  likes  Paots'a, 
then  he  is  a  realist.  The  same  game  can  be 
played,  and  with  the  same  conclusions,  if  the 
reader  is  asked  whether  he  likes  Mulan  or 
Mochow  better.  This  is  possible  because  the 
heroines  of  these  two  novels  so  closely  re- 
semble one  another.  Thus  we  are  confronted 
with  the  fact  that  across  two  centuries  of  time 
two  Chinese  novelists,  each  writing  of  family 
life  of  his  own  period,  draw  the  characters 
of  their  heroines  who  are  essentially  the  same 
in  physical  beauty,  in  temperament,  and  in 
talents. 


The  philosophical  thread  which  weaves 
in  and  out  of  "Red  Chamber  Dream"  is  strict- 
ly Buddhist;  in  "Moment  in  Peking"  it  is 
Taoist.  The  novel  consists  of  three  books,  and  each 
book  is  prefaced  by  a  quotation  from  the  works  of 
Chuang-tse,  greatest  expounder  of  Taoism.  And  one 
of  the  most  memorable  characters  of  the  novel,  old 
Yao  Sze-an,  father  of  Mulan  and  Mochow,  is  a  twen- 
tieth century  practicing  Taoist.  His  is  not  the  corrupt 
and  superstitious  Taoism  of  the  mass  of  the  Chinese, 
but  the  crystal  clear  and  pure  Taoism  of  Lao-tse  and 
Chuang-tse.  Old  Yao  lives  his  philosophy,  and  his 
thoughts  on  life  and  on  the  changing  social  scene  in 
China,  based  on  Taoism,  constitute  some  of  the  best 
pages  in  the  book.  This  philosophy  is  mystic  and 
other-worldly,  yet  it  did  not  prevent  Yao  from  fulfill- 
ing all  his  worldly  duties,  such  as  attending  to  his  bus- 
iness, which  happened  to  be  herbs,  raising  and  govern- 
ing his  large  family,  ably  protecting  them  from  want, 
counseling  them  in  sorrow,  and  helping  them  in  all 
their  personal  problems.  In  fact,  old  Yao's  Taoism 
aided  him  in  discharging  his  worldly  duties.  It  also 
enabled  him  to  stand  in  rock-like  steadiness  when  the 
social  and  political  changes  and  chaos  of  a  China  in 
transition  made  themselves  felt,  inevitably,  in  his 
family. 

Knowing  the  inevitability  of  life  and  death,  of 
human  suffering  and  human  sorrow,  Yao's  philosophic 
calm  always  helped  to  maintain  calmness  among  his 
people  whenever  death  or  trouble  occurred  in  the  fam- 
ily. Even  that  time  when  Mulan's  husband,  Sunya, 
became  infatuated  with  a  young  girl  and  Mulan  was 
in  fear  lest  he  should  stray  away  from  her,  it  was  old 
Yao's  wisdom  which  served  to  bring  Sunya  back  to 
her,  humbled  and  penitent. 


Pagoda  near  Peking.     Courtesy  of  the  White  Bros. 


Of  all  his  children  Mulan  was  the  closest  to  Yao 
in  temperament.  She  was  born  with  an  acute  sensi- 
tivity to  beauty  in  all  its  forms,  physical  and  spiritual. 
And  very  early  in  her  life  Yao  instilled  into  Mulan 
something  of  the  mystic  beauty  of  his  Taoist  phil- 
osophy and  its  essentially  romanticist  outlook  on  life. 
This  philosophy  was  to  steady,  calm,  and  console  her 
later  on  in  life  when  she  faced  trials  and  sorrows  as 
wife  and  mother.  Even  when  she  had  lost  a  daughter 
during  the  turbulent  days  of  the  student  movement; 
when  one  after  another  of  her  loved  ones  died  at  the 
hands  of  the  Japanese  as  a  result  of  the  Sino-Japa- 
nese  war;  when  all  her  material  wealth  and  physical 
comforts  were  taken  away  from  her  by  the  war,  this 
philosophy  of  her  father's  remained  with  her  and 
steadied  her.  In  the  darkest  hour  that  a  woman  could 
undergo  Mulan  always  remembered  one  sentence  her 
father  had  taught  her:  "If  you  yourself  are  right 
nothing  that  happens  to  you  can  ever  be  wrong."  As 
she  fled  into  the  interior  of  China  in  1938  with  her 
husband  and  the  rest  of  her  living  children,  to  escape 
the  terror  of  the  invading  Japanese  and  to  take  her 
part  in  the  building  of  a  new  nation,  the  spirit  and 
philosophy  of  her  Taoist  father  hovered  over  her,  and 
she  found  in  it  spiritual  comfort. 

A  sense  of  the  vast  mystery  of  life  is  a  strong  ele- 
ment in  Taoism,  and  this  element  is  communicated  to 
the  reader  by  this  story.  And  if  it  seems  strange  that 
a  novel  of  contemporary  Chinese  life  should  have 
such  a  strong  tinge  of  the  other-worldly  spirit  of 
Taoism,  it  should  not  be  considered  so.    For,  reflect, 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


15 


Taoism  is  the  only  native  Chinese  system  of  phil- 
osophy, the  only  body  of  speculative  thoughts  grown 
out  of  the  highest  genius  of  the  Chinese  mind.  Every 
Chinese  today,  whatever  his  religion  and  social  phil- 
osophy, has  something  of  the  Taoist  in  him.  This 
reveals  itself  in  an  individual's  contradictory  qualities 
of  practical-mindedness  and  naive  imagination;  in 
his  pantheistic  love  of  nature;  in  his  romanticist  atti- 
tude toward  the  mysteries  of  human  life  and  the  life 
of  nature;  and  in  his  individualism.  Scratch  a  Chinese 
and  you  will  always  find  a  Taoist. 


5j£  JjC  ^C 


Of  the  ninety  odd  characters  in  "Moment  in  Pe- 
king," about  twenty  carry  the  burden  of  the  story. 
Some  of  these  are  recognizable  types,  but  the  major 
characters  are  all  delineated  with  a  sure  hand  and 
emerge  as  real  human  beings  whom  the  reader  comes 
to  know  and  understand.  Mulan  and  Mochow  are 
perfect  flowerings  of  the  Chinese  family  system,  cul- 
tured, talented,  obedient  as  daughters,  dutiful  as 
wives,  capable  as  mothers,  each  perfect  in  accordance 
with  her  own  personal  qualities.  Mulan's  natural 
charm  and  whimsicality  delights  one  just  as  much  as 
Mochow's  commonsense  and  womanly  wisdom.  Old 
Yao  is  memorable  for  his  fatherly  solicitude  toward 
his  family  and  his  Taoistic  wisdom.  He  is  full  of 
patriarchal  grace  and  personal  charm.  He  was,  as 
Hazlitt  has  put  it,  a  man  who  lived  in  the  world,  yet 
not  of  it.  He  becomes  the  symbol  of  the  age-old  wis- 
dom of  China.  The  reader  will  feel  a  pang  of  regret 
just  as  much  as  his  family  did  when  he  took  leave 
of  them,  after  his  worldly  duties  had  been  fulfilled, 
to  devote  the  rest  of  his  life  to  contemplation.  He 
departed  from  his  family  in  life  rather  than  in  death. 

Another  intriguing  character  is  Kung  Lifu,  a  poor 
scholar  who  became  Mochow's  husband.  By  tempera- 
ment a  rebel,  he  was  as  much  attracted  as  Mulan  to 
old  Yao's  learning  and  Taoistic  wisdom.  Mulan  was 
in  turn  attracted  to  Lifu  because  of  the  latter's  love 
of  beauty,  literature,  and  genuine  scholarship,  things 
which  Mulan  herself  loved.  Very  early  in  her  life 
Mulan  fell  in  love  with  Lifu,  and  thus  love  lasted 
throughout  her  life,  though  never  once  was  it  out- 
wardly revealed.  That  she  was  not  married  to  Lifu 
did  not  cause  her  any  unhappiness,  for  she  was  happy 
with  the  husband  her  parents  had  chosen   for  her. 

16 


G>N£>  C^B  C^S  C^hS>  C^S>  C^S  C+S  CXO  C^-S  C^-S  «T*J  G>K9  OKS  C+S  OKS  C 
C-+0  C+3  C^S  C^9  G-K9  G*v£>  C*-2>  CT*~0  C^S  C-fJ  C*0  C*v9  C^S  OKO  PNSC 


o  <r-f^>  crf-3  g-*-3  <r-<^>  G-+-3  <r~*o  <tns  cso  gno  <r-K9  ct*o  g-«o  <r*^>  <r+3  g-*~ 
a  g-*o  <r-*o  <r-»o  g"-«o  <r^>  <r*o  <r*^  <r-^3  cs^>  c-to  <r~*o  <r-*o  ff-w  g-^oc-*-: 


Mochow  had  always  known  of  Mulan's  secret  love 
for  Lifu,  but  never  once  did  she  worry  about  it  be- 
cause the  two  sisters  loved  each  other  and  both  were 
protected  by  that  love.  Only  three  times  in  her  life 
did  Mulan  spend  some  time  alone  with  Lifu,  each 
time  under  the  open  sky  and  among  surroundings  of 
incomparable  scenic  beauty;  and  the  memories  of  these 
moments  sufficed  for  her.  Such  was  the  course  of  a 
romance  under  the  Chinese  family  system. 

There  are  other  outstanding  characters.  There 
is  the  impetuous  and  romantic  Red  jade;  the  humble 
Mrs.  Kung,  Lifu's  mother;  the  filial  Chen  San;  the 
dissolute  son  Tijen;  the  ambitious  maid  Silverscreen; 
the  feminine  Mannia  and  Cassia;  the  pleasure  loving 
Inging;  and  the  matriarchs,  Mrs.  Yao  and  Mrs. 
Tseng.  Taking  the  novel  as  a  whole,  Lin  Yutang 
(Continued  on  p.   19) 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


. 


AN   ALBUM   OF 


Water  Colors 


by 


Ko  Kei-Fung 

(1888-  1933) 

Edited  in  cooperation  with  the 
sage-artist    adopted    daughter 

CHANG  KWAN-YE 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


17 


"The    Long    Growl." 
impatient  to  use  them 
long  growl  —  a  warning 


Those  who  are  empowered  with  great  forces  are 
When  that  opportunity  is  not  forthcoming  there  is  the 
to  excessive  militarism? 


18 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


\v>  .,  «d 


at^j^simmzms',''- 


J-tou>  tk( 


OKI 


iiij  uiit  i   ii 

u?a&  tmaucjkt  to  J\ma7i'iea  bu  Ghana  Kwan-^lAe 


At  the  time  when  Miss  Chang  Kwan-Ye,  adopted 
daughter  of  the  late  artist,  Ko  Kei-fung,  decided  to 
come  to  America,  on  behalf  of  the  "Ko  Kei-fung's 
Memorial  Association,"  the  major  portion  of  the 
paintings  were  at  Nanking,  then  the  capital  of  China. 
Miss  Chang  arrived  at  the  capital  city  safely,  but  had 
difficulty  in  leaving  the  city  because  it  was  already 
being  besieged  by  the  Japanese  army,  and  everyone 
was  trying  to  find  transportation  westward.  By  execu- 
tive orders  passage  was  booked  for  Miss  Chang  to 
leave  the  city  on  a  river  boat,  and  she  left  Nanking, 
on  November  5,  1937,  six  days  before  the  fall  of  the 
city.  The  voyage  to  Hankow,  took  forty-eight  hours 
and  she  had  to  stand  practically  all  the  way  without 
ho:  food  or  tea  and  without  shelter  from  the  cold 
winter  wind.  The  vessel  was  in  constant  danger  of 
a:tack  from  the  air  and  of  being  capsized  frcm  the 
overcrowding. 

Hankow  was  in  an  even  more  terrible  turmoil  with 
everyone  trying  to  find  ways  and  means  of  leaving 
the  city,  for  it  too,  was  in  danger  of  being  captured 
by  the  Japanese  army.  All  means  of  transportation 
were  booked  three  months  in  advance.  Again  the 
government  found  room  for  her  in  an  airplane  whLh 
permitted  only  twenty  pounds  of  luggage  for  ea  h 
passenger.  Because  Miss  Chang  weighs  only  100 
pounds,  she  was  permitted  fifty  pounds  additional 
luggage  on  condition  that  she  would  carry  the  addi- 
tional weight  on  her  lap.  Even  so,  she  could  not 
find  means  to  carry  all  of  the  paintings,  therefore, 
she  had  to  strip  these  paintings  of  their  mountings, 
wooden  rollers,  and  carrying  cases.  Finally  she  dis- 
carded all  her  personal  belongings,  including  an  ex- 
pensive fur  coat,  suitcases,  and  toilet  articles,  much  to 
the  delight  of  nearby  refugees.  She  arrived  in  Hong 
Kong,  eight  hours  later  with  nothing  but  the  paint- 
ings. 

In  America  Ko  Kei-fung's  paintings  were  first  ex- 
hibited in  Old  Chinatown,  at  the  Chingwah  Lee  Gal- 
lery of  Fine  Arts.  Miss  Chang  Kwan-Ye,  an  artist 
in  her  own  right,  had  her  own  collection  first  exhibited 
at  the  Chinese  Village,  in  the  Golden  Gate  Inter- 
national Exposition.    Since  then  both  collections  have 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


been  exhibited  at  the  University  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia, and  Stanford  University.  This  winter  she 
will  exhibit  at  the  nation's  capital  and  at  eastern  cen- 
ters. 


REFLECTIONS 

(Continued  from  p.16) 
delineated  his  feminine  characters  more  clearly  and 

adequately  than  the  male  personages. 

*     *     * 

"Moment  in  Peking"  is  written  in  the  tradition 
cf  the  native  Chinese  novel.  Yet  it  is  also  in  the 
radition  of  the  European  novel.  This  is  evident  in 
i he  inclusion  of  actions  and  dialogues  which  are  es- 
sential in  developing  the  story,  and  the  total  elimina- 
ticn  of  unessentials,  something  that  is  not  done  in  the 
traditional  Chinese  novel.  It  is  also  evident  in  the 
close  attention  to  characterization. 

Lin  Yutang  is  primarily  an  essayist,  and  in  this 
he  follows  in  the  tradition  of  many  of  China's  great- 
est writers.  In  "Moment  in  Peking"  the  essayist  in 
him  manifests  itself  in  various  places.  But  this  does 
r.c:hing  to  impede  the  interest  of  the  story;  in  fact, 
it  helps  to  make  it  all  the  more  interesting  as  the 
author  intrudes  now  and  then  to  comment  on  human 
nature  and  on  social  customs.  His  descriptions  and 
occasional  asides  on  Peking,  Hangchow,  and  of  the 
sunrise  on  top  of  Taishan  are  memorable.  Towards 
the  end  of  the  book  his  descriptions  of  the  Chinese 
fleeing  from  the  Japanese  invaders  is  a  paean  to  the 
courage  and  indomitable  spirit  of  the  Chinese  people. 

Conrad,  a  Pole  who  chose  to  write  in  English,  once 
wrote  these  memorable  words  on  the  literary  artist: 
"He  speaks  to  our  capacity  for  delight  and  wonder, 
to  the  sense  of  mystery  surrounding  our  lives;  to  our 
sense  of  pity,  and  beauty,  and  pain;  to  the  latent 
feeling  of  fellowship  with  all  creation — and  to  the 
subtle  but  invincible  conviction  of  solidarity  that 
knits  together  the  loneliness  of  innumerable  hearts, 
to  the  solidarity  in  dreams,  in  joy,  in  sorrow,  in  aspira- 
(Continued  on  p.  22) 


19 


A  pair  of  uncrowned  aristocrats. 


"An   Ideal  Couple."     Depicted  here  is  the  idyllic 
state  of  being  in  love. 


20 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


XGr 


"The  Shrill  Cry  Which  Reaches  the  Sky."    When  a  leader  has  a 
just  cause  his  rallying  call  will  be  heard  by  everyone. 


"Birds  and  Willow."  The  birds  which  enjoy  the 
willow  will  never  know  the  pains  and  sorrow  of  the 
tree. 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


21 


Ko  Kei-Fung's  Technique  and  Style 


Ko  Kei-fung  was  unique  among  Chinese  masters 
in  that  he  neither  clung  slavishly  to  the  old  Chinese 
school,  nor,  like  many  contemporaries  in  coastal  cities, 
threw  overboard  the  age-old  classic  style  and  turned 
to  Moscow  or  Paris  for  inspiration.  He  persisted  in 
using  Chinese  pigments,  brushes,  and  scrolls,  and  his 
inspirations  found  expression  in  Chinese  themes  and 
compositions,  but  he  tempered  his  style  with  many 
wes:ern  elements — and  they  are  so  integrated  that  the 
beholders  are  aware  at  once  of  a  refreshness  which 
loses  none  of  its  unity,  maturity,  and  power. 

Asked  how  one  can  perfect  his  painting,  Ko  Kei- 
fung  himself  suggested  that  the  students  be  guided 
as  a  starting  point  by  the  fundamentals  which  cen- 
turies of  experience  have  shown  to  the  Chinese  paint- 
ers to  be  essential:  attention  to  the  four  moods,  the  six 
elements,  and  the  six  principles. 

The  six  principles,  often  called  canons  or  compo- 
nent parts,  were  outlined  by  Hsieh  Ho  of  the  fifth 
century  and  staled  that  a  good  painting  must  have 
attunement  to  life,  wise  choice  of  brush  strokes,  re- 
semblance to  the  object  painted,  correctness  of  colors, 
relevant  composition,  and  adhesion  to  the  classic  style. 
The  six  elements  of  a  fine  painting  are  spirit,  clarity, 
maturity,  strength,  vivacity,  and  polish  or  style.  The 
four  moods  are:  the  "divine"  mood,  which  gives  spirit 
and  life  to  the  painting;  the  "superior"  mood,  which 
essentially  means  economy  of  efforts;  the  "ingenious" 
mood,  which  is  achieved  only  when  skillful  hands  are 
dominated  by  a  master  mind,  and  the  "capacious" 
mood,  which  represents  arduous  work  behind  the  in- 
spiration. 

Eut  Ko  Kei-fung  made  the  above  only  his  founda- 
tion stones.  He  was  among  the  first  to  moderate  the 
outlining  of  objects  as  was  practiced  so  excessively  by 
most  Sung  painters.  Not  that  outlines  are  discarded 
entirely,  because  he  used  them  when  he  felt  that  the 
eyes  expected  them.  Like  all  Chinese  painters,  he  liked 
to  blend  birds  and  flowers  together  as  if  they  were  one. 
Here  he  discarded  outlines  completely,  often  painting 
the  body  of  birds  and  leaves  with  the  same  grey-green 
brush,  and  achieved  a  delightful  lacy  pattern  which 
rivals  the  glory  of  spring. 

Ko  Kei-fung  was  a  great  admirer  of  the  western 
concept  of  perspective,  shadows,  and  shading,  but  he 
would  not  incorporate  them  wholesale  into  his  art. 
The  shading  or  "yin  and  yang  effect"  he  produced  by 

22 


skillful  manipulation  of  the  brush,  a  technique  which 
is  discerrable  either  by  studying  his  paintings  or  by 
observing  his  adopted  daughter,  Miss  Chang  Kuan- Ye 
at  work.  The  brush  is  first  dipped  completely  into 
water,  then  about  two  thirds  of  the  way  into  a  suitable 
hue,  and  finally  a  fourth  of  the  way  into  a  deeper 
shade  of  the  same  color.  By  skillfully  drawing  the 
brush  sidewise  across  the  paper  a  branch  of  a  tree 
is  produced  complete  with  shadow  and  highlights — 
and  often  with  knotholes,  cracks,  and  spottings.  Like- 
wise, a  leaf  or  a  pedal  is  produced  with  a  quick  twist 
or  two  of  the  brush;  the  tip  or  the  beel  of  the  brush 
furnishing  the  shading. 

Ko  Kei-fung  was  an  habitual  observer  of  nature. 
His  home  in  his  island,  a  short  distance  from  Ling- 
nan  University  across  the  river,  is  a  paradise  for 
botanists  and  zoologists  because  he  managed  to  stock 
it  with  all  conceivable  types  of  living  creatures  and 
planted  it  with  all  kinds  of  flora.  He  would  watch  his 
pet  tigers  for  days  as  they  prowled  about  the  en- 
closure, constantly  changing  ihe  tame  ones  for  livelier 
oi^es.  Lie  frequently  visited  the  biological  laboratories 
c.  Lingnan  University,  actively  dissecting  all  avail- 
£.b.e  specimens  in  order  to  understand  their  anatomies. 
Eut  he  never  allowed  mere  correctness  to  deaden  his 
work.  One  can  see  the  sinew  and  musculature  under 
Ko  Kei-fung's  creatures,  but  he  did  not  paint  with 
those  before  him — they  were  behind  his  mind. 

In  painting,  say  a  tree,  Ko  Kei-fung  would  observe 
the  tree  from  all  angles — around  it  close  by,  at  a 
distance,  under  it  where  he  could  hear  the  rustling  of 
the  leaves  or  absorb  the  fragrance  of  the  blossoms — 
often  throughout  the  four  seasons.  When  his  mind 
was  "tree-saturated,"  he  would  retire  to  his  studio, 
and  with  rapid  strokes  record  on  paper  the  very 
essence  of  the  tree. 


REFLECTIONS 

(Continued  from  p.  19) 

tions,  in  illusions,  in  hope,  in  fear,  which  binds  men  to 
each  other,  which  binds  together  all  humanity — the 
dead  to  the  living  and  the  living  to  the  unborn." 

Lin  Yutang,  a  Chinese  who  chose  to  write  in 
English,  has  in  this  novel  fulfilled  in  a  large  measure 
these  words  of  Conrad. 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


x& 


" 


"The  Lone  Ape  in   the  Storm."     Note  the  power  of  suggestion   in- 
herent in  the  animal  being  at  the  end  of  the  bough. 


Shou-tai-bird,   pine,   and   rockery  —   all   symbolic 
of  longevity. 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


23 


Tke  fito^  oj  ko  KEI-FUNG 


Mr.  Ko  Kei-fung  of  Puyun,  Kwangtung,  died  of 
illness  at  the  Great  China  Hospital  in  Shanghai  on 
the  second  of  November  in  the  twenty-second  year 
of  the  Republic  of  China.  With  his  death  we  have 
lost  a  great  master  of  the  art  of  painting  which  of 
late  has  been  in  a  sadly  neglected  state  already  and  is 


Ko  Kei-fung 

urgently  in  need  of  a  vigorous  renaissance.  Our 
feelings  of  loss,  therefore,  are  something  more  than 
purely  friendly  and  personal. 

Mr.  Ko's  official  name  was  Ko  Weng  but  he  was 
far  better  known  by  his  calling  name,  Ko  Kei-fung. 
Although  he  lost  his  parents  when  he  was  very 
young,  he  was  ambitious  and  studious.  At  the  age 
of  thirteen  he  went  to  Japan  to  take  a  special  course 
in  fine  arts,  being  particularly  interested  in  painting. 

It  happened  that  Dr.  Sun  Yat-sen  was  then  in 
Japan  on  his  world  tour  for  the  dissemination  of  his 

24 


by 

A  COMMITTEE  OF  TWENTY-ONE 

of  the  Ko  Kei-fung  Memorial  Association 

revolutionary  principles  among  the  overseas  Chinese. 
Being  deeply  moved  by  Dr.  Sun's  principle  of  na- 
tionalism, Mr.  Ko  unhesitatingly  joined  the  revolu- 
tionist party  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  returned  to 
China  to  carry  out  his  new  mission.  For  several  days 
he  even  boldly  slept  on  top  of  great  piles  of  bombs  and 
other  explosive  material  stored  in  a  hidden  chamber, 
to  the  great  anxiety  and  nervousness  of  his  comrades. 

With  the  inauguration  of  the  Republic  it  should  be 
easy  for  him  to  secure  an  important  post  in  the  govern- 
ment, but  he  preferred  painting  above  political  life  and 
was  content  to  go  back  to  his  old  calling.  Coming  to 
Shanghai,  he  established  with  some  of  his  friends  the 
Sheng-mei  Bookstore  (an  art  magazine) ,  thus  living 
on  his  own  means.  No  wonder  Dr.  Sun  had  a  high 
regard  for  him  and  said  time  and  again  that  his  moral 
standards  were  exemplary  and  not  easily  attainable. 

The  result  of  this  continued  research  and  practice 
was  that  his  art  of  painting  was  ever  on  the  road  of 
progress,  which  in  turn  led  him  into  regions  of  un- 
known beauty  and  subtility.  His  handiworks  of  land- 
scapes, human  figures,  birds,  animals,  insects  and  fishes 
were  a  happy  blending  of  all  the  exquisite  points  of 
famous  Chinese  and  foreign  painters;  and  his  subtle 
fingers  and  brushes  were  so  suggestive,  instructive  and 
responsive  that  he  had  cultivated  a  field  distinctly  his 
own.  "His  subtle  fingers,"  said  Chiu  Tsanghai,  "have 
become  even  more  subtle  since  his  return  from  abroad; 
and  the  lifeless  colours  have  become  living  agents  at 
his  hands!" 

In  the  seventh  year  of  the  Republic  of  China,  he 
went  back  to  Canton  to  teach  painting,  and  his  stu- 
dents soon  ran  into  thousands  among  whom  manv 
have  now  become  accomplished  and  celebrated  artists. 
In  the  fourteenth  year  of  the  Republic  he  was  em- 
ployed as  a  professor  of  fine  arts  by  the  Lingnan  Uni- 
versity which  donated  to  him  an  appropriate  sum  for 
the  construction  of  his  private  studio  and  residence — 
a  special  treatment  not  often  met  within  the  annals 
of  Chinese  institutes  of  learning. 

In  the  following  year  when  the  imposing  Sun  Yat- 
sen  Memorial  Hall  was  completed,  he  was  called  upon 
(Continued  on  p.  32) 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


"Constant  Vigilance."  The  belief  is  that  fishes  never  sleep; 
hence  a  carved  wooden  tom-tom  in  the  shape  of  a  fish  is  sus- 
pended for  the  monks  to  strike  every  so  often  to  remind  them 
that  their  conscience  also  must  never  slumber.  The  tall  red 
column  beside  the  benign  monk  suggests  the  towering  influence 
of  the  institution  of  Buddhism. 


"Wooing  the  Moon."     The  dead  stump  indicates 
loneliness. 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


25 


sen  Tsung  in  Kwangsi;  former  residence  of  the  late  Dr.  Sun  Yat-sen. 


The  perfume  of  a  nation. 


••4.« 


"Flowering  Rattan."     Rattan  blossoms  with  great  difficulty  — 
of  innate  talent. 


26 


The  Lotus  blossom      Note  that  the  seed  pod  foces  the  earth  as    I   t 
sprinkle  it  with  fresh  seeds. 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


\Cr  .,  Z%  '>*£* 


The  Dynamic  Art  of  Painting 

By  KO  KEI-FUNG 

(This  is  a  part  of  the  lecture  given  by  the  late  artist- 
sage  in  Lingnan  University,  Canton,  China.) 


I  am  of  the  opinion  that  painting  is  not  lifeless  but 
is  something  that  is  full  of  vigor  and  susceptible  of  an 
endless  variety  of  changes. 

For  each  age,  this  great  fascinating  art  has  its 
special  conceptions,  its  special  manners  of  interpreta- 
tion, and  a  special  spirit  distinctly  its  own.  It  is  for 
this  reason  that  I  have  often  warned  my  pupils  that 
their  object  for  learning  how  to  paint  should  not  be 
merely  for  the  attainment  of  personal  renown,  or  for 
the  gratification  of  aesthetic  pleasures  as  a  pastime. 

The  student  of  art  must  try  to  adopt  a  much  loftier 
viewpoint  and  imagine  himself  charged  with  an  altru- 
istic mission  which  requires  him  to  consider  his  fel- 
low's miseries  and  afflictions  as  his  own.  He  will  then 
work  hard  on  the  production  of  only  such  pictures 
as  will  effect  a  betterment  of  man's  nature  in  particu- 
lar and  bring  about  an  improvement  of  society  in  gen- 
eral, thereby  presenting  the  new  spirit  of  art  in  all  its 
glory  and  grandeur. 

In  our  endeavor  to  learn  how  to  paint,  therefore, 
we  must  not  only  equip  ourselves  with  a  useful  knowl- 
edge about  anatomy,  coloring,  light  and  shade,  phil- 
osophy, and  nature  (the  six  principles  handed  down 
by  ancient  artists)  and  the  development  of  the  art, 
but  must  also  conduct  adequate  researches  into  the 
realms  of  psychology  and  sociology  in  order  that  we 
may  gain  a  clear  idea  of  what  is  most  adapted  to  the 
present  needs  of  society.  We  can  then  make  use  of 
the  principles  of  vividness,  naturalness,  and  beautiful- 
ness,  and  turn  out  such  emotional  and  allegorical  pic- 
tures as  will  tend  to  blot  out  the  blemishes  of  society, 
lighten  up  the  tasteless  aspects  of  man's  life  and 
nourish  the  better  traits  of  the  human  race,  so  that  a 
better  all-around  conception  of  what  is  lofty,  peaceful 
and  right  may  be  the  crowning  outcome  whereby  the 
weak-minded  will  have  firmness  of  purpose,  the  de- 
based will  have  uplifted  thoughts,  and  the  cruel  will 
have  loving  kindness,  while  the  noble-hearted  will 
shine  forth  even  more  brightly. 

This  is  equivalent  to  making  the  world  take  a  new 
turn;  and  posterity,  when  it  sees  our  works  of  art, 
will  be  able  at  once  to  form  a  clear  and  comprehensive 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


vision  of  the  spirit,  virtue,  civilization  and  history  of 
our  time.  Such  is  our  main  object  in  learning  to  paint. 

Formerly,  I  was  in  the  habit  of  devoting  my  time 
and  energy  to  the  study  of  old  Chinese  paintings  alone 
and.  took  great  pains  in  imitating  the  great  works  of 
the  famous  and  celebrated  artists  of  the  T'ang  and 
Sung  dynasties.  Later  on  I  realized  that  although 
they  were  replete  with  fine  points,  such  works  had  the 
drawback  of  being  too  philosophical  and  therefore  too 
illusive  and  imaginary. 

Moreover,  to  acquire  learning  is  like  plying  a  boat 
against  a  current.  Unless  the  scope  of  our  researches 
be  wide  and  universal,  the  chances  are  that  we  can 
get  for  our  ill-spent  efforts  but  little  of  the  creative 
power  which  every  true  artist  must  have  at  his  com- 
mand. During  the  reign  of  Emepror  Mingti  of  the 
Han  dynasty,  the  Tibetan  art  of  painting  of  the  west- 
ern frontier  was  somehow  introduced  into  this  country. 
The  imported  modes  of  conception  and  the  novel  man- 
ners of  interpretation  worked  as  a  wonderful  tonic 
and  opened  up  new  avenues  of  thought  for  the  Chi- 
nese school  of  art;  and  the  result  was  that  painting 
made  big  strides  in  popularity  and  soared  to  new  levels 
of  progress  daily. 

For  these  reasons  I  took  up  the  study  of  Western 
art,  paying  particular  attention  to  portrait  painting, 
geometrical  drawing,  light  and  shade,  perspective,  etc. 
I  then  picked  out  the  finest  points  of  Western  art  and 
applied  them  en  my  Chinese  techniques  as  to  the 
masterful  strokes  of  the  pen,  composition,  inking, 
coloring,  emotional  background,  poetic  romance,  etc. 
In  short,  I  tried  to  retain  what  was  exquisite  in  the 
Chinese  art  of  painting,  at  the  same  time  adopting 
the  best  methods  of  composition  which  the  world's  art 
schools  had  to  offer,  thereby  blending  the  East  and  the 
West  into  an  harmonious  whole,  taking  for  my  guid- 
ance, beautifulness,  naturalness,  and  my  own  creative 
power  and  taste.    The  result  is  my  paintings  of  today. 

I  sincerely  hope  that  you,  my  dear  pupils,  will 
widen  your  scope  of  researches  and  try  to  be  pro- 
gressive all  the  time,  for  the  art  of  painting  is  by  no 
means  lifeless. 


27 


VTTV 


"Recreation  in  the  face  of  flying  snow."     Given  adequate  adjust- 
ment there   is  no  hardship. 


"The  Monastery  and  the  Evening  Clouds." 
The  puny  man-made  edifice  is  about  to  be 
enshrouded  by  heaven  reaching  clouds  which 
are  at   once   mysterious  and  awesome. 


28 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


x» 


The  white,  almost  transparent  plumage  of  this  crane  is  in 
striking  contrast  to  the  blackness  of  the  legs  —  as  potent  of 
uncertainty  as  a   lady  in  white  with  long  black  gauntlets. 


"Upright  and  Alone."    The  cotton  tree  is  revered 
because   it  is  beautiful,   fragrant,   and   benevolently 
useful. 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


29 


T1 


The  Philosophy  of  Ko  Kei-Fung 


By  CHINGWAH  LEE 


Ko  Kei-fung  was  reverently  referred  to  as  the  Sage 
of  Lingnan  because  of  his  gentleness,  his  selfless  de- 
votion to  art,  his  eager  response  to  any  call  for  service 
to  society,  and  his  fondness  for  discussing  art  and 
philosophy  with  all  those  about  him.  To  this  sage- 
artist,  aesthetic  and  ethics  are  one.  It  is  not  enough 
that  an  artist  ask  what  is  beautiful,  he  must  also  find 
out  what  is  ennobling.  He  believes  that  an  aesthetx 
sense  is  the  native  endowment  of  all  men,  even  as 
Mencius  believed  that  all  men  are  born  virtuous. 
True,  the  evil  influences  of  environment,  due  to  an 
imperfect  social  organization,  and  men's  reckless  striv- 
ing after  selfish  interests,  due  to  wrong  training  or 
lack  of  education,  have  often  numbed  these  senses, 
but  he  believes  that  the  noble  type  of  art  can  revive 
and  strengthen  them. 

By  great  works  of  art,  Ko  Kei-fung  meant  that 
type  of  inspired  efforts  with  which  one's  impressions 
and  experiences  are  so  rearranged  and  reconstructed 
according  to  one's  thought  and  sentiment  that  they 
express  themselves  through  the  manipulation  of  tech- 
nique into  something  new,  larger  in  context,  and  holy. 
For  instance,  said  Ko  Kei-fung  in  a  discussion  which 
was  recorded  by  one  of  his  pupils,  E.  L.  Pan,  when 
we  see  a  lichee  fruit  we  immediately  see  beyond  its 
red  jacket  and  think  of  its  juicy  content,  its  taste  and 
fragrance;  from  thence  we  think  of  a  forest  of  lichee 
trees  studded  with  thousands  of  scarlet  pills  against 
the  exquisite  contrast  of  emerald  green  leaves;  from 
thence  against  the  beautiful  setting  of  sub-tropical 
south  China,  and  the  classic  saying  of  the  poet  Su 
Ting-pu:  "If  only  for  the  sake  of  three  hundred 
lichees  to  eat  each  day,  I  would  be  a  southerner  for 
life."  And  then  we  can't  help  reflecting  on  the 
pathetic  yet  beautiful  life  of  that  poet  and  the  sub- 
lime friendship  of  another  who  wrote:  "Let  us  not 
regret  the  parting  in  the  south;  if  I  can't  send  you  a 
petal  of  plum  blossom,  I  shall  send  across  the  thou- 
sand miles  between  us  a  bit  of  scarlet  snow."  All 
this  we  see  in  one  fruit  because  we  see  with  our  hearts 
and  minds  as  well  as  our  eyes. 

Likewise,  our  sage -artist  points  out,  the  sight  of  a 
mother  makes  us  think  of  our  mother.  Then  w; 
think  of  her  great  love,  how  she  has  uncomplainingly 
toiled  and  sacrificed  for  us,  how  she  has  patiently 
taught  us  and  inspired  us  with  noble  thoughts,  and 
placed  in  us  her  fond  and  ardent  hopes,  and  we  begin 

30 


to  feel  a  sacred  duty  to  elevate  ourselves  and  aspire  to 
some  lofty  ideal,  in  order  to  be  even  partially  worthy 
of  a  love  that  is  too  great  to  be  requited.  Such  is  the 
linkage  of  a  fully  developed  aesthetic  sense! 

But  such  enthralling  thoughts  are  fleeting,  con- 
fined to  a  few  persons,  and  are  limited  in  time  and 
space.  In  order  to  be  perpetuated  and  made  manifest 
to  mankind  they  must  be  recorded  by  some  suitable 
means.  But  what  kind  of  a  medium  best  fits  a  tran- 
sient thought  of  this  type?  An  essay  can  describe 
the  happening  but  cannot  register  the  feeling  effec- 
tively; poetry  can  convey  the  feeling  but  cannot  por- 
tray the  shape.  Ko  Kei-fung  believes  that  painting 
can  give  us  the  fact,  the  feeling,  and  the  form,  and 
thus  completely  and  permanently  present  the  spirit 
of  a  sparkling,  jewelled  moment. 

Therefore,  many  who  have  the  morals  of  human- 
ity at  heart  have  taken  to  painting  with  which  to  in- 
fluence and  remake  the  world,  using  everything  about 
them  as  their  subject  and  making  use  of  the  wealth 
of  symbolism  which  abounds  in  China.  Thus,  an 
orchid  amidst  a  clustering  of  grass  stands  for  chastity 
and  determination;  the  green  bamboo  and  aged  pine, 
honor  and  integrity;  a  gallant  horse,  the  gentleman; 
a  thorn,  treachery.  By  painting  the  story  of  the  tree 
that  withered  when  brothers  fought  over  a  legacy  the 
artist  teaches  cooperation;  the  birds  that  refused  to 
part  in  the  face  of  calamity,  loyalty;  the  crow  feed- 
ing its  parent,  filial  affection. 

To  Ko  Kei-fung  a  true  artist  is  a  philosopher,  and 
a  philosopher  is  one  whose  mind  is  so  tuned  that  he 
responds  to  the  laws  of  nature.  When  one  sees  and 
admires  that  which  is  beautiful  he  recognizes  the  ugly 
and  is  repelled  by  it;  when  one  hates  the  evil  he  will 
think  of  the  saintly  and  aspire  to  be  noble.  So,  to 
this  sage-artist,  painting  is  not  merely  a  technique 
for  producing  pretty  things,  but  a  comprehensive 
institution  which  men  of  wisdom  have  acknowledged 
as  important  through  the  ages.  In  the  time  of  Yu 
painting  was  generally  taught,  and  the  kingdom  ex- 
perienced peace,  enlightenment,  and  prosperity.  Dur- 
ing the  T'ang  Dynasty  the  artist  Wu  Tao-tse  painted 
a  picture  of  hell  with  the  evil  ones  there  so  repellent 
rhat  many  wicked  ones  gave  up  their  life  of  vice.  A 
painting  by  Dzen  Shiah  of  the  Sung  Dynasty  led  to 
the  famous  revolution  for  constitutional  reform  or 
(Continued  on  p.  36) 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


"Cession    from   Work."      Note    blending    of    exhaustion    ond 
contentment. 


"Solitude."      Sadness    is    the     inevitable    lot    of    most 
philosophers. 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


31 


vgr  j 


KO  KEI-FUNG  BIOGRAPHY 

(Continued  from  p.  24) 
to  make  such  pictures  as  "The  Lone  Eagle,"  "The 
White  Horse"  and  "The  Lion"  to  embellish  the  walls 
of  this  massive  edifice.  The  national  treasury  paid 
him  a  handsome  sum  for  his  labors,  as  all  the  three 
pictures  had  met  with  the  warmest  appreciation  of  the 
late  leader  who  considered  them  as  valuable  works  of 
art  symbolical  of  the  revolutionary  spirit  of  New 
China. 

He  was  neither  mercenary  nor  anxious  for  fame. 
He  devoted  his  entire  efforts  to  the  study  of  his  art 
and  was  always  an  untiring  teacher.  Such  unusual 
strain,  of  course,  told  severely  on  his  weak  constitution 
which  often  began  to  show  signs  of  a  breakdown,  but 
in  spite  of  his  delicate  health  he  kept  on  with  his  pen 
and  brush.  Miss  Chang  Kuan- Ye,  one  of  his  many 
students,  became  deeply  concerned  over  the  gradual 
loss  of  her  master's  health  and  took  upon  herself  the 
duties  of  an  obliging  and  comforting  nurse.  This  en- 
abled him  to  go  heart  and  soul  into  his  art;  and  he 
was  so  pleased  with  the  girl's  thoughtfulness  that  he 
took  her  for  his  adopted  daughter. 

He  was  elected  by  the  Sino-German  Art  Exhibi- 
tion held  in  the  autumn  to  proceed  to  Germany  as  its 
representative.  He  gladly  accepted  the  nomination 
and  came  to  Shanghai  to  make  the  necessary  prepara- 
tions for  his  departure.  Unfortunately,  the  strain 
was  too  much  for  him,  and  he  fell  sick  on  the  sixteenth 
or  seventeenth  of  October.  The  sickness,  which  started 
as  exhaustion  and  indigestion,  soon  developed  into 
pneumonia  and  proved  to  be  fatal.  So  in  spite  of  the 
doctors'  gallant  efforts  to  save  him,  he  succumbed 
about  ten  days  later. 

He  maintained  his  clear  intelligence  almost 
throughout  the  whole  of  the  period  during  which  he 
was  confined  to  his  sick  bed  and  just  before  his  death 
instructed  to  have  a  telegram  sent  to  Mr.  C.  W. 
Wang,  asking  the  latter  to  turn  Tien  Feng  Lou  per- 
manently into  a  Kei-fung  Institute  for  the  training  of 
artists  and  to  distribute  his  works  of  art  among  the 
various  art  institutions  both  at  home  and  abroad  and 
further  ordered  for  the  destruction  of  all  promissory 
notes  issued  by  his  relatives  for  loans  he  had  made  to 
them,  thereby  relaxing  them  from  the  burden  of  re- 
demption. Thus  even  at  the  very  last  moment  of  his 
life  he  had  left  us  an  example  that  is  worthy  of  copy- 
ing by  all.    He  died  at  the  age  of  forty-five. 

Had  heaven  been  bounteous  enough  to  prolong  his 
useful  life,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  he  would  have  done 
even  greater  things  for  the  Chinese  art  of  painting. 
His  untimely  death,  therefore,  is  a  great  loss  keenly 


32 


felt  not  only  by  his  family  but  by  the  whole  nation 
as  well. 

His  education  was  of  wide  dimensions  and  did  not 
stop  with  painting  alone.  Besides  being  a  star  of  the 
first  magnitude  in  the  heavens  of  art,  he  was  also  an 
accomplished  poet.  His  literary  works  such  as  the 
"Cheng  Hsiang  Hua  Pao,"  "Kei-fung's  Talks  on 
Painting,"  "Modern  Painting,"  "Kei-fung's  Paint- 
ing Examples,"  "The  History  of  Fine  Arts,"  "Art 
Appreciation  vs.  Civilization,"  which  are  now  on  dis- 
play at  the  Ministry  of  Education,  have  earned  the 
highest  comments  and  awards  at  the  National  Art 
Exhibition,  the  Sino- Japanese  Art  Exhibition,  the 
West  Lake  Exhibition,  the  International  Exposition 
of  Italy  and  Panama,  and  the  Centennial  Exhibition 
of  Belgium. 

The  undersigned  are  endeavoring  to  make  a  choice 
collection  of  the  gems  of  his  life  work,  which  they 
expect  to  be  able  soon  to  offer  to  the  general  public 
in  book  form.    Signed: 


Sun  Fo 

Wong  Shih-chieh 
Fu  Pin-chang 
Wu  Lien-tech 
Ling  Sen 


Yu  Yu-jen 
Tsai  Yuan-pei 
Chang  Chih 
Wu  Teh-cheng 
Ma  Chao-tsing 


(ten  others) 


Study  without  thought  is  vain;  thought  (on 
knowledge)  without  study  is  perilous.  Shall  I  tell 
you  what  true  knowledge  is?  When  you  know,  to 
know  that  you  know,  and  when  you  do  not  know,  to 
know  that  you  do  not  know — that  is  true  knowledge. 
— Confucius,  551  B.  C. 


When  you  see  a  good  man,  think  of  emulating 
him;  when  you  see  a  bad  man,  examine  your  own 
heart. — Confucius,  551  B.  C. 


The  disciple  Kung-tu  said:  "All  are  equally  men, 
but  some  are  great  men,  and  some  are  little  men; 
how  is  this?"  Mencius  replied:  "Those  who  follow 
that  part  of  themselves  which  is  great  are  great  men; 
those  who  follow  that  part  which  is  little  are  little 
men.  

For  the  mouth  to  desire  sweet  tastes,  the  eye  to 
desire  beautiful  colors,  the  ear  to  desire  pleasant 
sounds,  the  nose  to  desire  fragrant  odors,  and  the  four 
limbs  to  desire  rest  and  ease, — these  things  are  nat- 
ural. But  there  is  an  appointment  of  Heaven  in  con- 
nection with  them,  and  the  superior  man  does  not  sav 
of  his  pursuit  of  them,  "It  is  my  nature." — Mencius, 
371  B.  C. 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


X& 


TEA 

(Continued  from  page  13) 

Jardine,  Matheson  &  Co.  Ltd.  Later,  the  American 
ships,  for  a  variety  of  reasons,  dropped  out  of  the 
race,  but  the  competition  between  the  racing  clippers 
was  maintained  between  rival  British  firms  and  re- 
sulted in  the  historic  races  homewards  from  China  to 
London  with  the  first  of  the  new  season's  tea  crop. 

But  a  new  factor  had  arisen  early  in  the  nine- 
teenth century  which  was  destined  to  change  the  whole 
industry.  In  1834,  Lord  William  Bentinck  was  Gov- 
ernor-General of  India.  He  recognized  the  possibili- 
ties of  tea  being  planted  in  India  and  appointed  a 
Tea  Commission  to  inquire  into  the  possibilities  of 
production.  A  certain  Dr.  Bruce  started  pioneer 
efforts  at  Sadiya  in  the  province  of  Assam  in  northeast 
India  and  tea  production  slowly  commenced.  The 
seeds  or  the  plant  as  well  as  skilled  workers  were 
smuggled  out  of  China  to  Assam  for  this  purpose. 
Many  years  later  it  was  discovered  that  the  tea  plant 
was  indigenous  to  Assam  and  the  present  high  grade 
tea  plants  are  really  a  hybrid  of  the  China  and  natural 
Assam  plant. 

It  will  be  readily  seen  that  this  new  rival  consti- 
tuted a  serious  problem  for  the  China  trade,  but  the 
position  was  further  weakened  by  yet  another  country 
entering  the  field.  Ceylon  had  commenced  the  plant- 
ing of  tea  in  small  quantities,  but  in  1876,  the  entire 
failure  of  the  coffee  plantations  in  that  Colony,  as 
a  result  of  a  pest,  induced  the  planters  to  change  over 
to  tea  and  to  scrap  the  production  of  coffee.  Since 
then,  Ceylon  has  been  second  only  to  India  in  the 
world's  tea  production. 

The  Dutch  settlers  in  Java  and,  to  a  much  smaller 
extent,  in  Sumatra,  also  opened  out  tea  estates.  At 
first,  the  quality  was  not  very  high,  but  in  recent 
years,  the  Dutch,  with  their  genius  for  agriculture, 
have  succeeded  in  producing  teas  of  the  very  highest 
quality  and  their  tea  factories  are  probably  the  most 
modern  and  well  equipped  in  the  world. 

In  very  recent  years,  since  the  Great  War,  tea  has 
been  produced  very  successfully  in  the  British  colonies 
in  East  Africa.  Russia  has  a  certain  amount  of  tea 
in  the  province  of  Georgia  on  the  slopes  of  the  Cau- 
casus mountains,  but  production  is  as  yet  small.  There 
are  also  small  areas  of  tea  in  French  Indo-China  and 
in  Malaya. 

By  the  end  of  the  nineteenth  century,  China  had 
definitely  given  place  to  India  and  Ceylon  in  foreign 
markets.  Though  the  figures  of  China  tea  exports 
have  remained  fairly  steady  and  even  increased  in 
1938,  yet  the  fact  remains  that  whereas  China  was 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


Classic  Fine  Arts 
from  Old  China 

W   Rare  porcelains  of  the 
Ming  and  early 
Ch'ing  periods. 

9    Eighteenth  century 
Imperial  carved  jades. 

9   Tomb  potteries,  Han 
to  T'ang  dynasties. 

^atfjan  Pent?  &  Co. 

PHILIP  BENTZ,  Resident  Partner 

437-441  Grant  Avenue 

San  Francisco,  California 


OBtfts;  of  ©tetmcttott 

For  Personal  Adornment 
and  the  Homes 


House  of  Ming 


Since  1880 


In  Old  Chinatown  868  Washington  St. 


33 


V — 7 


once  100  per  cent  supplier  to  the  world,  she  is  now 
only  exporting  12  per  cent  of  the  world's  tea  trade. 
In  one  direction  only,  has  she  control  at  the  moment 
and  that  is  in  the  green  tea  trade,  but  even  here  Japan 
is  trying  to  enter  the  markets  in  North  Africa  and 
America. 

It  would  be  interesting  at  this  point  to  inquire 
into  the  reasons  for  the  decline  of  the  China  tea  trade. 
I  have  just  mentioned  the  new  rivals  that  grew  up 
within  the  last  hundred  years,  but  there  are  other 
reasons.  o 

In  the  first  place,  tea  in  China  is  not  grown  on 
estates.  It  is  raised  in  tiny  patches  by  farmers  who, 
at  the  same  time,  cultivate  various  different  crops.  Tea 
farmers  have  not  the  money  to  apply  special  manures 
for  improving  quality;  their  practical  knowledge  is 
limited  to  the  tradition  as  handed  down  from  father 
to  son,  and  there  is  no  machinery  available  for  pro- 
duction on  a  large  scale.  In  other  countries,  tea  is 
planted  by  large  companies  with  heavy  capital,  who 
employ  trained  European  planters  and  trained  native 
labor. 

Further  reasons  for  the  decline  in  China's  trade 
may  be  found  in  the  fact  that  quality  has  deteriorated 
and  often  is  variable  from  year  to  year,  whereas  other 
countries  can  produce  a  standardized  quality  consist- 
ently, with  the  necessary  variations  of  grades  that  the 
foreign  markets  require. 

Chinese  farmers  are  dependent  on  the  weather  at 
the  time  the  tea  is  plucked.  The  custom  in  China  is 
for  all  the  leaves  to  be  plucked  at  the  first  picking  in 
April,  except  perhaps  those  of  a  very  coarse  nature 
at  the  base  of  the  bush.  As  is  well-known,  leaves  act 
as  the  lungs  of  all  plant  life  and  the  shock  sustained 
by  the  tea  plant  causes  a  break  of  from  six  to  eight 
weeks  before  a  second  crop  of  leaf  becomes  available. 
By  the  time  this  process  is  repeated,  the  sap  has  ceased 
to  rise  and  the  result  is  that  only  three,  or  at  the  most 
four,  pickings  are  available.  In  other  countries,  only 
a  small  amount  of  tea  is  picked  at  a  time  until  the 
bush  is  fully  formed  after  the  winter's  pruning,  and  a 
steady  stream  is  available  for  eight  months  in  the  year 
in  India  and  for  the  whole  year  round  in  the  case  of 
Ceylon  and  Java. 

After  plucking,  the  tea  has  to  be  manufactured. 
As  communications  are  difficult  in  the  hilly  country  in 
which  tea  grows  in  China,  it  may  be  three  or  four 
days  before  the  leaf  can  be  fired.  By  this  time,  it 
may  have  turned  red  in  the  sun  and  thus  lost  its 
quality. 

Thus  far,  I  seem  to  have  been  speaking  rather  on 
the  debit  side  of  China  tea.    In  doing  so,  I  am  not  in 

34 


any  way  decrying  the  China  trade,  but  rather  empha- 
sizing the  difficulties  under  which  China  has  to  com- 
pete. 

The  Chinese  Government  realized  these  difficulties 
and  in  1937  started  to  take  serious  steps  to  improve 
the  conditions  of  the  tea  export  industry.  In  the  early 
summer  of  that  year,  the  China  National  Tea  Corpor- 
ation was  formed,  sponsored  by  the  Ministry  of  In- 
dustry of  the  Central  Government  and  by  the  pro- 
vincial governments  of  Anhwei,  Hupeh,  Hunan,  Ki- 
angsi,  Chekiang  and  Fukien.  This  was  a  real  attempt 
to  improve  the  quality  of  the  tea,  and  also  to  improve 
facilities  for  marketing  it.  Unfortunately,  the  out- 
break of  the  Sino-Japanese  war  two  months  later 
seriously  handicapped  the  program,  but  in  spite  of 
the  difficulties  that  arose  out  of  war  conditions,  the 
tea  trade  in  China  has  carried  on. 

The  provincial  governments  have  founded  tea  ex- 
perimental stations  in  most  of  the  provinces  where 
tea  is  grown.  The  station  at  Keemun  City  in  south- 
ern Anhwei,  in  the  heart  of  the  most  famous  tea  dis- 
trict in  China,  has  done  especially  good  work.  The 
function  of  these  tea  stations  is  not  merely  to  make 
tea  from  the  adjoining  areas  that  belong  to  the  sta- 
tion, but  also  to  improve  the  technical  knowledge  of 
the  farmers  in  the  surrounding  countryside. 

Now  let  us  turn  for  a  moment  to  look  at  the 
districts  in  China  where  tea  is  grown  for  export  pur- 
poses. Roughly  speaking,  one  can  say  that  all  the 
types  destined  for  the  foreign  trade  are  grown  south 
of  the  Yangtse  River  and  as  a  general  basis,  one  may 
say  that  the  great  proportion  comes  from  the  Yangtse 
Valley.  Starting  from  the  west,  tea  is  to  be  found 
in  the  districts  of  western  Hupeh  around  Ichang,  in 
southeast  Hupeh  and  northwest  Hunan,  areas  that 
are  bordering  each  other,  and  in  western  Hunan. 
Kiangsi  has  a  large  tea  area  in  the  northwest  moun- 
tainous districts.  Then  follows  rather  a  gap  past 
Nanchang  until  we  pass  the  Poyang  Lake  and  here 
we  again  find  it  in  the  hills  of  eastern  Kiangsi  and 
western  Anhwei.  This  last  area  is  the  most  famous 
of  all  China  tea  districts  and  is  the  home  of  the 
famous  Keemun  teas.  Proceeding  still  further  east- 
wards, we  find  it  growing  in  large  quantities  in  Che- 
kiang Province.  Chekiang  and  parts  of  Anhwei  are 
the  home  of  the  green  tea  industry.  Finally,  leaving 
the  Yangtze  altogether  and  coming  southwards  dou  D 
the  coast  we  come  to  Fukien,  and  here  also  is  an  im- 
portant tea  area,  though  it  is  much  less  than  it  was 
years  ago,  when  Foochow  was  a  great  tea  center. 

In  South  China,  the  only  tea  that  is  exported  tor 
the  foreign  trade  is  a  small  amount  of  Scented  tea 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


■ 


from  Canton  grown  in  Kwangtung  Province.  I  shall, 
in  a  moment,  refer  to  the  new  development  of  tea 
in  Yunnan  in  the  far  west  of  China  bordering  on  to 
Burma. 

These  districts  that  I  have  just  mentioned,  do 
not,  by  any  means,  exhaust  the  tea-producing  areas 
of  China,  but  I  am  referring  particularly  to  the  for- 
eign export  trade.  In  many  other  localities  tea  is 
grown  for  home  consumption. 

We  can  classify  China  teas  roughly  into  four  di- 
visions, Black  tea,  Green  tea,  Brick  tea  and  Scented 
tea.  Black  tea,  or  "Hung  Cha,"  as  it  is  known  in 
Chinese,  is  the  kind  of  tea  that  we  are  used  to  drinking 
in  Europe.  This  is  also  the  kind  that  is  produced  in 
India,  Ceylon  and  Java.  Green  tea,  or  "Luk  Cha,"  is 
the  kind  that  is  drunk  in  China  itself.  Its  chief  ex- 
porting markets  are  to  be  found  in  North  Africa, 
where  its  marketing  center  is  Casablanca,  and  in  the 
United  States.  There  is  also,  in  peace  time,  a  large 
trade  to  North  China.  Speaking  from  personal  ex- 
perience, I  have  found  green  tea  to  be  the  most  re- 
freshing beverage  I  have  ever  tasted  on  a  hot  day, 
especially  when  traveling.  I  wish  this  type  of  tea 
could  be  more  widely  made  known  abroad  as  I  am 
sure  that  I  would  not  be  alone  in  my  partiality  for 
Green  tea.  I  have  referred  to  Scented  tea  which  is 
of  various  varieties,  and  is  made  with  such  flowers  as 
jasmine  to  improve  the  scent. 

The  last  type  is  Brick  tea.  The  average  foreigner 
knows  very  little  about  this  and  I  would  like  to 
describe  its  history  briefly.  The  manufacture  of 
Brick  Tea  was  known  in  China  as  far  back  as  the 
Sung  Dynasty  (A.  D.  966-1276) .  In  those  days  it 
was  sent  as  tribute  to  the  Emperor  in  gold  boxes. 
Moreover,  it  was  considered  to  be  a  form  of  recog- 
nized currency  for  the  purchase  of  horses  in  the  var- 
ious horse  fairs  in  China. 

Although  it  is  believed  that  at  about  the  same 
period,  an  export  trade  for  Brick  tea  had  already 
started  to  Mongolia  and  Tibet,  it  was  not  until  the 
end  of  the  17th  century  that  it  found  its  way  into 
Siberia.  The  form  the  tea  then  took  was,  however, 
not  in  the  brick  form  of  later  years,  but  it  was  pre- 
pared often  in  balls,  just  as  it  is  today  in  Tibet.  By 
1850  it  was  estimated  that  the  export  of  brick  tea  to 
Russia  had  reached  3,000,000  lbs.  per  annum. 

When  Foochow  was  opened  to  foreign  trade,  Rus- 
sian merchants  started  the  manufacture  of  Brick  tea 
there  by  machinery,  and  by  1880  in  Foochow  alone, 
137,000,000  lbs.  of  Brick  tea  were  being  made.  Two 
years  later  the  Russians  transferred  their  tea  activities 
to  Hankow  and  Kiukiang,  and  the  Foochow  trade 

THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


Select  yauSU,  UeAe,: 

JADES 
GEMS 

IVORIES 

HARRY  CUTLER'S 


351  Grant  Ave. 


San  Francisco 


MARY  BROWN  HUNTER»GARFIELD  0850 

VuU  The   Sea 
Captain's  Chest 

Filled  with  quaint  cargo  per- 
sonally gathered  in  the 
Orient  and  far  ports. 

LOOK  FOR  THE  PORT  AND  STARBOARD 
LIGHTS 

Four  Fifty  One  Post  Street       •       San  Francisco 


GUARANTEED  AUTHENTICITY: 

Selected  specimens  of  the  Ch'ou,  Han, 
Sung,  Ming,  and  Ch'ing  dynasties  at  low 
prices. 

Main  branches  in  Shanghai  and  Paris 
since  1906. 

* 

X.  Hoslotf 

Chinese  Antique  Studio 
Shreve  Bldg.  204  210  Post  Street 


35 


declined.  Gradually,  Hankow  became  the  center  of 
this  industry  and  before  the  world  war,  nine-tenths  of 
the  entire  Brick  tea  output  were  being  manufactured 
there. 

The  year  1901  seems  to  have  been  the  peak  point 
in  Brick  tea,  the  entire  trade  being  directed  towards 
Russia,  Siberia  and  Central  Asia.  After  this  date, 
owing  to  the  growth  of  the  tea  industry  in  India  and 
Ceylon,  the  demand  remained  stationary  for  a  time 
and  then  gradually  decreased  until  the  Russian  Revo- 
lution compelled  the  cessation  of  trade  between  China 
and  the  Soviet. 

I  would,  now,  mention  one  important  development 
which  has  already  taken  place,  and  that  is  the  found- 
ing of  a  tea  company  between  the  National  Govern- 
ment and  the  Yunnan  provincial  government  to  op- 
erate in  Yunnan.  Already  the  improvements  carried 
out  have  resulted  in  an  entirely  new  type  of  China 
tea  becoming  available  for  foreign  markets;  these  ap- 
pear to  be  welcomed  and  comments  on  the  quality  are 
more  encouraging  towards  further  efforts. 

As  the  war  with  Japan  progressed,  new  routes  for 
the  transportation  of  tea  have  had  to  be  devised. 
Normal  rail,  river  and  even  sea  routes  have  been  ser- 
iously interfered  with,  and  I  cannot  but  pay  a  tribute 
to  those  concerned  in  overcoming  such  formidable 
difficulties.  Shanghai,  which  is  the  tea  marketing 
center,  had  to  be  abandoned  and  Hong  Kong  has 
now  become  the  market  for  export. 


THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  KO  KEI-FUNG 

(Continued  from  p.  30) 
Wang  An-shih;  while  the  painting  of  an  orchid  with- 
out any  earth  about  its  roots  so  opened  the  eyes  of  an 
oppressed  people  that  they  drove  their  oppressors  off 
their  sacred  soil. 

Realization  of  the  power  of  this  art  should  compel 
a  painter  to  perfect  his  technique  lest  he  be  like  a 
musician  who  produces  discordant  music  and  so  drive 
away  his  audience.  When  an  artist  has  mastered 
his  technique,  is  guided  by  a  thorough  understanding 
of  truth,  beauty,  and  goodness,  and  has  a  sincere  de- 
sire to  serve  humanity,  he  is  ready  to  produce  great 
works  of  art. 

It  is  the  working  with  the  students  and  talking 
with  them  over  the  above  philosophy  which  endeared 
Ko  Kei-fung  to  all  those  who  were  fortunate  enough 
to  have  had  the  opportunity  of  studying  under  him. 


"The  Immaculate  Pair."  Those  which  nature  or- 
dained to  be  white  and  clean  will  be  so  without 
having  to  be  done-over    (a  Taoist  concept). 


All  things  in  nature  work  silently.  They  come 
into  being  and  possess  nothing.  They  fulfill  their 
functions  and  make  no  claim. — Lao  Tzu,  604  B.  C. 


It  is  the  way  of  Heaven  not  to  strive,  and  yet  it 
knows  how  to  overcome;  not  to  speak,  and  yet  it 
knows  how  to  obtain  a  response;  it  calls  not,  and  things 
come  of  themselves;  it  is  slow  to  move,  but  excellent 
in  its  designs. — Lao  Tzu.  604  B.  C. 


36 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


x& 


■■  . 


Mow  H'o  £njoty  J\  Cocktal£: 

Take  over  a  famous  underground  gaming  club  whose  dungeon-thick  walls  are  deaf  to  traffic  dins 
but  which  still  echo  to  the  memories  of  Jenny  Lind  and  Diamond  Jim  Brady — have  the  master 
decorators  of  Old  Chinatown  mellow  the  place  with  temple  hangings,  brocades  and  antique  art 
objects  from  the  Chingwah  Lee  Studio — add  a  couple  of  No.  One  Boys  from  the  Hong  Kong — and 
loose  yourself  in  the  incense-laden  mysteries  of  the  Far  East. 

The  Ricksha 

Dead-end  of  Old  Chinatown  Lane 

Off  868  Washington  Street   (Bet.  Stockton  St.  and  Grant  Ave.) 

Carriage  Entrance:  37  Ross  Alley  San   Francisco,  Calif. 


THE  PERSONAL  AUTOMOBILE  ACCIDENT  POLICY 

While  operating,  driving,  riding  in,  adjusting,  repairing  or  cranking  a  private  passenger  automobile 
— or  while  riding  as  a  fare-paying  passenger  in  a  public  passenger  automobile — or  in  consequence 
of  explosion  or  burning  by  an  automobile — or  by  being  struck  or  run-down  by  an  automobile. 

and  fiayd. 

Hospital,  nurse,  ambulance,  x-rays,  medical  and  physician  and  surgeon  expenses  up  to  $500.00; 
and  also  pays  $1,000.00  indemnity  for  loss  of  life,  limb,  sight,  etc.  Age  10  to  70.  No  medical 
examination.     Protect  yourself  and  family.     Costs  only  $5.00  a  year. 

Efcwarfc  WL.  (Sluon 

Insurance 
COUNSELOR  —  UNDERWRITER  —  BROKER 

750  Grant  Avenue  San  Francisco,  Calif.  Phone  CHina  0500 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST  37 


C". 


A  Modern  Plant  for 


Color  Plates 
Line  Cuts 
Halftones 


Poor  Richard  Photo  Engraving  Co. 


324  Commercial  St. 


The  Friendly  Printer 


for  the  finer 
printing  required 
by  the  Chinese 


Ted  Lynn  Montgomery  Press 


604  Commercial  St. 


BUSINESS   AND  PROFESSIONAL    DIRECTORY 

CHina  2400 

CHina  1100 

LEE  RUTTLE 

Publicity  Campaign   Director 

CHOU  KUO  LIANG 

Appraiser  of  Chinese  Art 
Manuscript  Translated 

22  Old  Chinatown  Lane 

868  Washington  St. 

CHina  1500 

CHina  9985 

J->%£i±(ATzLL 

FAR  EAST  CAFE 

SMART  CLOTHES  &  TOPCOATS 
ARROW  SHIRTS            STETSON  HATS 

CHOP  SUEY  AND  NOODLES 

FINE   FOOD  TO   TAKE   HOME 

IN   SPECIAL   CONTAINERS 

742  Grant  Avenue 

631  Grant  Avenue 

CHina  0156 

CHina  2082 

TAO  YUAN  CAFE 

TAO  TAO  CAFE 

Regular   Chinese    Dinners 
Chop  Suey  &  Noodles 

Chinese  Dinners  &    Banquet 
Genuine  Chinese  Cooking 

823  Clay  Street 

675  Jackson  Street 

38 


THE  CHINESE  DIGEST 


r*£   *>~    £,/£ 


V£> 


Notice  to  Qntsmion  ItaconatcmA; 
and!  J4am.£  (&u.ltdfc>i&: 

A  complete  line  of  paints,  stains,  and  varnishes 

Furniture,  cabinets,  and  unpainted  woodwares 

Light  fixtures,  tools,  and  hardwares. 

TI  SUN  CO. 

H.  K.  WONG,  Business  Mgr. 
Phone:  CHina  1940  1005  Grant  Ave. 


AniUt  Mate/Uali  o^  Quality:- 

Canvases  boards,  canvas,  brushes,  papers,  inks,  oils  and  mediums. 

Rembrandt  Artists  Oils  b  Water  Colors:  For  the  finest  quality 

Orpi  Artists'  Oil  Colors:  Brilliant,  permanent,  inexpensive 

Talents:  Water  colors  in  tubes,  all  sizes  and  prices 

Welcome  to  our  Art  Craft  Studio:  free  demonstration  &  instructions 

Silk  Screen  Process:  Printing  on  textiles,  papers,  etc. 

Catalin:  One  of  the  new  plastics  —  metal  and  wood  decorations 

Wold  Air  Brushes  —  agent  for  this  and  many  other  craft  materials 


I 


kmm  Dm 


973  Market  Street   (2d  Floor)  Near  Sixth  Street 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 


T 


Vilti  Old  CUUiatouut 


Slowly  but  steadily  Cameron  Alley  with  its  dilapidated  buildings  is  being  restored  into  a  bit  of  Old 
China  where  the  picturesque  bazaars  and  handicraft  shops  stem  the  tide  of  cheap  modernism  and 
preserve  the  atmosphere  of  an   older  generation. 

Visit  here  the  Chingwah  Lee  Gallery  of  Fine  Arts,  opens   free   to  the   public  afternoons. 
The  House  of  Ming:  Ladies'  accessories      The  Thunder  Shop:  Engraved  gifts 
The  Green  Lanterns:  Charms  &  jewels     The  Treasure   House:   Metal  crafts 
The  Mystic  Shrine:  Fortune  for  Fun  The  Bowl  Shop:  China  dishes  and  sets 

The  House  of  Chung:  Objects  of  Art  Mow  Woo  Center:  Souvenirs  &  Gifts 

Andre  Louise:  Dancing  Academy  The  Ricksha:  Cocktails 

Old  Chinatown  Lane 

Off  868  Washington  Street 
bet.  Stockton  Street  and  Grant  Avenue 


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